projectreport
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Feel the night.
[part I: Test-report] part II: Research-report [part III: Design-report]
Projectreport R.J.R. de Haan Windesheim University of Applied Sciences Projectcoach, A. van den Pauwert Clafis Engineers Client, A. ter Velde
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Design seperation As a start of the research-phase we divided our tasks in five themes or subjects. Each of these subjects is worked out in its concerning chapter. The division as we used it, can be seen below.
people Susanne Buchholz Matthew Hankel Matthew Hankel materials Karolina Lukasiak
light Olga Darwaj
building Ruben de Haan
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We are an international team of industrial-product-design students from Windesheim University, that participate in the Light-challenge 2018. Our assignment in this challenge is to make a landmark of the watertower ‘Hoog en Droog’ in the district Bothoven, Enschede. This research-report is written as a supportive document for our ideation- and designphase. In our research we try to understand all the context in order to start our ideas with an honest view.
Susanne Buchholz susanne.buccholz1997@gmail.com +31 622 892 699 Olga Darwaj olga.darwaj@gmail.com +48 663 015 816 Ruben de Haan rubendehaan@hotmail.com +31 611 975 037 Matthew Hankel matthewhankel.mh@gmail.com +31 621 457 531 Karolina Lukasiak karolkiri@gmail.com +48 503 189 214
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People Bothoven is a close community. The people know each other and look after each other. They are proud of the community. They have a neighbourhood council and they come together every Tuesday. (Buurt De Bothoven (Enschede), 2017) We found some basic info about who lives in Bothoven: common knowledge about the CBS (data 2017) about De Bothoven (Enschede) Neighbourhood name:
De Bothoven (Enschede)
Place:
Enschede
community:
Enschede
population The Bothoven (Enschede) Amount of citizens:
5725
Amount of men:
2900
Amount of women:
2825
Amount till 14 year:
520
amount 15 till 24 year:
1040
Amount 25 till 44 year:
1650
Amount 45 till 64 year:
1045
Amount older than 65 year:
1460
unmarried:
3220
married:
1390
divorced:
575
widow:
540
Amount citizens per km2:
8853
Amount households:
3625
One person household:
2390
Household without children:
785
Household with children:
445
Average persons each household:
1,5
Most commend postcode:
7511
Surface area De Bothoven (Enschede) Total surfade area:
65 hectare
Surface area property:
65 hectare
Area house in the Bothoven (Enschede) Area house council:
6
3495
Date of construction before 2000:
86%
Date of construction after 2000:
14%
Allochtonen in De Bothoven (Enschede) Western alien:
765
Not-western alien:
990
Moroccans:
85
Antillean:
55
Surinamers:
80
Turkan:
280
remain not-westers:
490
Thanks to this document there is more information about the people who life in the Bothoven. Now we know that there live more men than women, the average age is between 25 and 45 years old and there are more households without children than with children. Most of the people in the Bothoven live by them self’s. The last information out of this article is that half of the people that live in the Bothoven are immigrants. Thanks to this research we know what kind of people live there and we can interview them better.
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1. “Green light” (eg. photovoltaic panels) can be ineffecitve because due to fact that we have already had power we would need second power installation ( and eg. we need 100m2 space for panels for 3kv!). And we can’t ensure and probably afford perfect conditions for eg. glowing mushrooms or fluorescent animals. By the way, this light is problematic and simply too delicate. 2. We can go with changeable, dynamic system like DMX 512 (standard for digital communication networks that are commonly used to control stage lighting and effects). 3. We can think about projections mapped on the builiding (it is a projection technology used to turn objects, often irregularly shaped, into a display surface for video projection). 4. The best electrical option is LED. There are a lot of systems so we have to accomodate solutions to design concept, but LED has a lot of adavantages like: a.) Efficiency: LEDs emit more lumens per watt than incandescent light bulbs. The efficiency of LED lighting fixtures is not affected by shape and size, unlike fluorescent light bulbs or tubes. b.) Color: LEDs can emit light of an intended color without using any color filters as traditional lighting methods need. This is more efficient and can lower initial costs. c.) Size: LEDs can be very small (smaller than 2 mm) and are easily attached to printed circuit boards. d.) Warmup time: LEDs light up very quickly. A typical red indicator LED achieves full brightness in under a microsecond. LEDs used in communications devices can have even faster response times. e.) Cycling: LEDs are ideal for uses subject to frequent on-off cycling, unlike incandescent and fluorescent lamps that fail faster when cycled often, or high-intesity discharged lamps (HID lamps) that require a long time before restarting. f.) Dimming: LEDs can very easily be dimmed . g.) Cool light: In contrast to most light sources, LEDs radiate very little heat. h.) Slow failure: LEDs mostly fail by dimming over time, rather than the abrupt failure of incandescent bulbs. i.) Lifetime: LEDs can have a relatively long useful life. One report estimates 35,000 to 50,000 hours of useful life, though time to complete failure may be longer. j.) Shock resistance: LEDs, being solid-state components, are difficult to damage with external shock, unlike fluorescent and incandescent bulbs, which are fragile. 5. We can think about fluorescent paint or another chemical substances (if it’s possible in the face of law and monument conservator). 6. There are two ways of instalattion: - on the ground (we have to remember that we have to light up cylinder from two sides otherwise it will be flatten) - on the building (problems: it’s not good looking during the day)
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Seeing during day humans can distinguish many colours. during night humans use different parts of their eyes which are more light sensitive, but also only black and white. White light Has a wide colour spectrum The most important colours within white light are red, green and blue. The amount each of them has in a certain light, changes the temperature of it and its’ effect on people, animals and plants. High amount of red and green lets you see colours properly, while blue light may flatten them, because it reduces contrast.
Light colours: red • not luminous • hard to spot anything bodyclock • stimulates plants growth that red • good for animals
green
blue
• neutral • helps with
• boosts energy • works as a
falling asleep
• much stronger or green colour • affect
retina and may cause a serious damage Light temperature: warm • calming effect effect • warming effect
neutral • suitable for work and studying
cold • concentration • dynamic
How can light be used? • to highlight a tower detail • to create a light barrier, because eyes will stop at light and won’t go through it • to create a pattern on a tower surface 9
How does artificial light affects animals during night? Light is a natural clock for the animals! • interferes with day & night rhyme, which means: → affecting reproduction, nourishment, sleep, protection from predators • nocturnal animals, as bats, may be confused by the light during night and consider it as a day • impacts frogs and toads breeding rituals • confuses birds navigation system, because light (especially blue light) imitates moon and stars • attracts insects, and can be very harmful for them • concentrates insects around light and make them unavailable for bats, which avoid lighted areas
How does artificial light affects plants during night? • interferes with season rhyme • especially red light stimulates plants growth
Bioluminescence • fungi, bacteria, jellyfishes, fire flies – all of them can produce light, but they have to be stimulated somehow to emit light. Besides this they can’t produce light for a long period of time.
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Properties / Bio Old watertower in the district Bothoven in Enschede. It is located on a square with some grass fields trees and seats. There is a school close to the tower of which its students cross the nearby square. The tower will be reconstructed to a restaurant and nine layers of apartments and offices. The tower is built in 1890 by the architect N. Biezeveld in classicistic style with neo-gothical elements. i In 1955 the wooden framework around the waterreservoirs was replaced with a brick construction.
1. View from the inhabitants of Bothoven at the tower.
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1. Wood and concrete combination at the tip. 2. Vertical concrete pillars.
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2
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1. The tower as seen from the square.
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1. The square as seen from the tower. In the background the district ‘Bothoven’.
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Materials and look Nowadays the tower consist mainly of unicolor bricks and concrete. The roof, window- and doorframes and other small elements are made of wood. The complete waterreservoir and its pipe-system is made of steel. There is a small roof on the glass pavilion which is made of copper, also there are glass windows throughout several other layers of the tower. So the tower is made of a minimal amount of simplistic materials that create a very subtle industrial, atmosphere. Horizontal layers of yellow bricks interrupt the mainly red-bricked tower, which characterizes the classicistic style. There are also a few small neo-gothic decorative elements like the cap stone/tympanum above the entrance and the arch-like constructions above the windows.ii These elements have to be respected and preserved when thinking of lighting. A good example of how preservation of old monumental parts can be expressed is the Galata tower in Istanbul, Turkey.iii Demands of the construction
From the township The tower has municipal monumental demands which means small adjustments in and around the tower are allowed but major changes in the construction and appearance are fully restricted. The style and ambience should be kept in the former way. The municipality of Enschede is strict and reservedly when it comes to the renovation.
From Clafis and the architect Personal demands are extra windows and preservation of old mechanical parts. iv There comes an elevator with housing on the outside of the building.v Clafis wants to apply their innovative plans with respect for the history of the tower, just as they did in the other monumental buildings from Clafis. ‘Hoog en Droog’ does not have to become a billboard for Clafis.
“Technical innovation and development are possible without losing sight of what history gives us.” From the district The district and it’s council wants an safe situation around the tower or an social function for the tower.
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Function Previously the tower was used for creating a constant pressure at the water pipes of the surrounding houses. The reservoir has an enormous capacity of 300 m3. vi Nowadays modern generators in nearby buildings have adopted that function and the watertower has become totally functionless since 2014. The plan is to give the watertower some complete new functions; a place to live, a place to work and a place to eat. Or more specific: nine layers of apartments, offices and a restaurant. The old reservoir that was responsible for this constant pressure is still in the tower and will be used for the upcoming restaurant. Dimensions The bottom of the tower has a radius of 12,50 meter. The total height of the tower, including the glass pavilion is 40 meter. vii
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People from the district: • They don’t want a red-light district. • The surrounding area must be safe. • It shouldn’t attract young people to hang out there late at night. • Light should be out after the restaurant is closed. • Vandal-proof • Must look good. • The light shouldn’t shine in the surrounding buildings. Light challenge: • Circular raw materials • Fit with the surrounding people. • Sustainable • The fit with Clafis The building: • The tower is mainly build in classicistic style with neo-gothic elements. In the following designs this style should be handled with respect. • The outside horizontal concrete widenings, windows, vertical pillars and small decorative elements should be kept in mind when thinking of lights and shadows. • The upcoming design may not demand major adjustments to the historical construction. • The lights have to fit with the new windows. Flora and Fauna: • smart light– light affects animals very much, so we have use it wisely and for a short time • red and green light – these colours are less harmful for animals than the others. • blue light – this colour spectrum of light is most damageable for flora and fauna. Light: • colour of the light must match the ambience - every light colour and its temperature has a specific effect on human, so we have to choose the one, which is the most suitable for that place • LED – is the best solution, this because of the low voltage and the many optimisations think about: dimming, materials, colours, size, warmup time and lifetime. • Fluorescent paint is also a possible solution. Clafis: • The tower shouldn’t be a Clafis billboard. • The tower has to accentuate the old feeling of the building. • Keep in mind, the old function of the building.
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With the generated guidelines we have a fundament for our first ideas and sketches. There can be concluded that we have to satisfy a lot of parties with a lot of wishes and demands. We would have to make decisions that will satisfy one or more parties but will go to the expense of another group. To us it is important to make a reasoned choice that is the best in the given situation. The most prominent concluded guidelines are: safe atmosphere for the tower and its people, preserve the tower’s history and style and respect for animals and plants.
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Article of Clavis about their purchase of the watertower ‘Hoog en Droog’ in Enschede, Clafis, June 2017. https://www.clafis.com/nieuws/clafis-koopt-vierde-monumentale-pand-op-rij-door-aanschafwatertoren-enschede/2 ii (Technical) information about the watertower ‘Hoog en Droog’ in Enschede. http://www.architectuurgidsenschede.nl/objects/dir_00004/ iii Article of Galata tower Istanbul by Philips Colour Kinetics lighting, Duncan Proctor, August 2017. http://www.installation-international.com/philips-lighting-illuminates-istanbuls-iconic-galata-tower/ iv Architect A. van Zwieten, February 2018. v Technical drawings from Architect A. van Zwieten, February 2018. vi Information about the watertower ‘Hoog en Droog’ in Enschede, June 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080626181305/http://www.enschedestad.nl/gebouwen.php?gebouw=Watertoren vii Information about the watertower ‘Hoog en Droog’ in Enschede, June 2008. https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watertoren_(Enschede_Hoog_%26_Droog) i
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