Reciprocity by Rutvi Gajjar

RECIPROCITY

TACKLING CALGARY’S CARBON THROUGH URBAN DENSIFICATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM 1.2 SOLUTION 1.3 SITING 1.4 APPROACH

4.0 DENSIFICATION 4.1 PROBLEM 4.2 STUDIES 4.4 SOLUTION

2.0 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2.1 PROBLEM 2.2 STUDIES 2.3 SOLUTION

5.0 SUSTAINABLE BUILDING 5.1 PROBLEM 5.2 STUDIES 5.3 SOLUTION

3.0 MIXED USE 3.1 PROBLEM 3.2 STUDIES 3.3 SOLUTION

6.0 WALKABILITY 6.1 PROBLEM 6.2 STUDIES 6.3 SOLUTION

7.0 RECIPROCITY

1.0 INTRODUCTION RECIPROCITY INVESTIGATES CALGARY’S CARBON PROBLEM AT AN URBAN SCALE THROUGH A MODULAR, MIXED-USE, TOD WHICH CAN BE DEPLOYED ACROSS VARIOUS CTRAIN STATIONS IN THE CITY.

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

INTRODUCTION PROBLEM APPROACH SITING SOLUTION

1.1 PROBLEM

CANADA

GLOBAL HECTARES PER PERSON

CALGARY

CALGARY CARBON EMISSIONS

BUILT LAND FOOD, FIBER AND TIMBER ENERGY

CARBON EMISSIONS HIGHEST IN THE WORLD

3 0

Source: “Toward a Preferred Future.” Calgary Ecological Footprint Report, The City of Calgary, 2019.

BIOCAPACITY IS 1.8 PER PERSON INCLUDING THE AREA NEEDED FOR ALL WILD SPECIES

1.1 PROBLEM CALGARY CARBON EMISSIONS

TERRITORIES 2 MT

NEWFOUNDLAND 8.6 MT

62.8 MT

ALBERTA

MANITOBA

267 MT

21.4 MT

QUEBEC

SASKATCHEWAN 74.8 MT

ONTARIO

PEI 1.8 MT

82.6 MT

NOVA SOCTIA

171 MT

18.3 MT

NEW BRUNSWICK 15.7 MT

1.1 PROBLEM CALGARY CARBON EMISSIONS

ENERGY 66.27% CROPLAND 14.06%

ENERGY AND FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION 66%

FOREST 11.04% PASTURE LAND 5.02% BUILT LAND 1.91% FISHERIES 1.71%

Source: “Toward a Preferred Future.” Calgary Ecological Footprint Report, The City of Calgary, 2019.

1.1 PROBLEM CALGARY CARBON EMISSIONS

MOBILITY GREATEST CHALLENGE

CITY SPRAWL Source: “Calgary.” Global Footprint Network, Global Footprint Network, 2015, www.footprintnetwork.org/2015/04/10/calgary/

FOSSIL FUELS

SECTOR SEPARATION /DISENGAGEMENT

1.2 SOLUTION TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT

CITY SPRAWL

DENSIFICATION MIXED USE HOUSING EMPLOYMENT

FOSSIL FUELS

1 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2 MIXED USE

3 DENSIFICATION

WALKABILITY TRAIN STATION

SECTOR SEPARATION /DISENGAGEMENT

4 SUSTAINABLE BUILDING

5 WALKABILITY

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUSTAINABLE BUILDING

1.3 SITING GREENLINE 67,000 TONNE CARBON REDUCTION

1.3 SITING HUBS LANDMARKS RESTAURANTS BUSINESSES HIGH DENSITY HOUSING

1.3 SITING

3 4

2 AVE SW

1 2

EAU CLAIRE MARKET

RIVER CAFE

4 5

PRINCE’S ISLAND PARK

6 7 8

FIELD OF CROSSES

9 10

CEASAR’S STEAK HOUSE

EAU CLAIRE YMCA

1 9

BOW RIVER

SIEN LOK PARK

SITE 10

CHINESE CULTURAL CENTRE

STOCK EXCHANGE TOWER

GREENSPACE HOUSING CORPORATE SHOPPING / RESTAURANT HOTEL COMMUNITY WELFARE / CULTURE

1.3 SITING

CENTRE ST S

11 6

1 2

THE MUSTARD SEED

CANLEARN SOCIETY

4 5

EAST VICTORIA PARK

6 7 8

THE CALGARY TOWER

9 10 11

MEMORIAL PARK / LIBRARY

12 13

STEPHEN AVE WALK

14 15

ART COMMONS

DECIDEDLY JAZZ DANCEWORKS

THE FAIRMONT PALLISER

LUNCHBOX THEATRE

HAULATIAN PARK

8 SITE

YOUTH EMPLOYMENT CENTRE

THE PALACE THEATRE

THE GLENBOW

THEATRE CALGARY

TELUS CONVENTION CENTRE

17 18

OLYMPIC PLAZA

THE GRAND THEATRE

20 21

BMO CENTRE

GREENSPACE

4 HOUSING

CITY HALL

CALGARY ALPHA HOUSE

CORPORATE

SHOPPING / RESTAURANT HOTEL COMMUNITY WELFARE / CULTURE

1.3 SITING

4 AVE SE

1 2

YOUTH EMPLOYMENT CENTRE

BMO CENTRE

4 5

CANLEARN SOCIETY

6 7 8

KING EDDY

9 10 11

THEATRE CALGARY

STAMPEDE GROUNDS

COWBOYS DANCE HALL

NATIONAL MUSIC CENTRE

CENTRAL LIBRARY MUNICIPAL BUILDING

SITE

OLYMPIC PLAZA BOW VALLEY COLLEGE

GREENSPACE

HOUSING CORPORATE SHOPPING / RESTAURANT HOTEL COMMUNITY WELFARE / CULTURE

1.3 SITING

7 AVE SW

1 2

DEVONIAN GARDENS

CORE SHOPPING CENTRE

4 5

BANKERS HALL

6 7 8

THE FAIRMONT PALLISER

9 10 11

JAMES SHORT PARK

12 13

GLENBOW MUSEUM

14 15

CALGARY TOWER

COURT HOUSE PARK

17 18

COURT HOUSE

OLYMPIC PLAZA

20 21

GLOBE CINEMA

22 23 24

CHINA TOWN BUSINESS CENTRE

7 17

THE GRAND

THE PALACE THEATRE

2 4

3 10

STOCK EXCHANGE TOWER KNOX UNITED CHURCH

SITE

THE BOW BUILDING

TELUS CONVENTION CENTRE

LUNCHBOX THEATRE

THE MSUTARD SEED

6 21 13

CEASAR’S STEAK HOUSE

CALGARY COURTS CENTRE

ART COMMONS STEPHEN AVE WALK

11 GREENSPACE

12 15

HOUSING

CORPORATE SHOPPING / RESTAURANT HOTEL COMMUNITY WELFARE / CULTURE

1.4 APPROACH RECIPROCITY

MAKE

USE

RECIPROCITY IS A MIXED-USE, MULTI-GENERATIONAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN COMBINATION WITH THE LRT SYSTEM. + MODULAR SYSTEM + LRT STATIONS IN CALGARY

RECYCLE

CIRCULAR ECONOMY REALIZED THROUGH

RECIPROCITY

+ DIFFERENT TYPEOLOGIES + RESPOND TO SITE

2.0 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

2.0 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2.1 PROBLEM 2.2 STUDIES 2.3 SOLUTION

2.1 PROBLEM BUILDING ENERGY EMISSIONS

WORLDWIDE 40% EMISSIONS FROM GENERATION ELECTRIC BUILDING ENERGY IN CANADA 17% OF GHG EMISSIONS FROM GENERATING ELECTRIC BUILDING ENERGY IN CANADA 12% GHG FROM BUILDING WATER HEATING

2.2 STUDIES

RADIATION - BEST ARTICULATION FOR SOLAR EXPOSURE

1O M

10 ° 150 M

1O0 M

45 ° 150 M

150 M

60 ° 150 M

200 M

90 ° 150 M

2.2 STUDIES

RADIATION - BEST ARTICULATION FOR SOLAR EXPOSURE 10%

50%

100%

150 M

0.8%

150 M

0.5%

150 M

0.2%

150 M

2.2 STUDIES

RADIATION - BEST ARTICULATION FOR SOLAR EXPOSURE

0.5%

45 °

200 M

2.3 SOLUTION

MAXIMIZE SOLAR EXPOSURE TO GATHER SOLAR ENERGY 12, 737 M2 SOLAR PANEL AREA

Private Circulation Personal Vehicles (1 way) Pedestrian (2 ways)

Private Circulation LRT (Blue Line) (2 ways) LRT (Red Line) (2 ways)

3.0 MIXED USE

3.0 MIXED USE 3.1 PROBLEM 3.2 STUDIES 3.3 SOLUTION

3.1 PROBLEM LACK OF MIXED-USE BUILDINGS

4 AVE SE

CENTRE ST S

LAND USE MIX HIGH DIVERSITY 1 0.7 0.5

LOW DIVERSITY 0

2 AVE SW

0.53

0.56

2008

2012

2020

7 AVE SW

GREENSPACE HOUSING CORPORATE SHOPPING / RESTAURANT HOTEL COMMUNITY WELFARE / CULTURE

Source: “Land Use Mix”MDP Monitoring Report Summary, 2020, City of Calgary.

+/- 50 YEARS

3.1 PROBLEM LACK OF MULTI- GENERATIONAL HOUSING

MULTI GENERATIONAL HOUSEHOLDS, 2016

CANADA AND MULTIGENERATIONAL HOUSING There are many benefits for families with a senior member within the household. Sharon and John Niederhaus, writers on the topic of multigenerational families, explain, “Typically, all sides gain from the relationships: Parents of young children may receive help with child care from grandparents. The grandchildren obtain the gifts of time, unconditional love, and attention from their grandparents. In turn, grandparents get emotional satisfaction form frequent interaction with their grandchildren and from the responsibilities in helping them.” This creates a level of dependency between all members of the family, creating a healthier and happier family unit where each generation is empowered in their role within the overall family structure. Multigenerational care intends to allow a group of people, whether it is a family or not, to live with one another and provide care between all members. This care ensures that the living situation is beneficial to all members and that a shared lifestyle provides the necessary care that an independent lifestyle may lack.

MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL

Info from: https://www.cbc.ca/life/culture/two-families-modern-take-on-the-multi-generational-home-1.5334295

CANADA NEWFOUNDLAND

Child care

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND NOVA SCOTIA NEW BRUNSWICK QUEBEC ONTARIO

Place to stay, financial support, and mobility

CANADA AND MULTIGENERATIONAL HOUSING

MANITOBA

A growing number are now sharing a roof with their children and grandchildren. Research shows that growing numbers of children aged 14 and under are living with grandparents. In 2011, 4.8% of children lived with at least one grandparent, up from 3.3% in 2001. While parents are typically also living in these homes, recent data from the 2016 Census shows that more than 32,000 children live with grandparents with no middle (parent) generation present in “skip-generation” households (up 8.3% since 2011).

SASKATCHEWAN ALBERTA

Info from: https://vanierinstitute.ca/multigenerational-homes-canada/

2001 3/10

BRITISH COLUMBIA NWT YUKNON

2001 3/10 Children living with grandparents

NUNAVUT

2011 5/10 0% 5% 10%

15%

2011 5/10 Children living with grandparents

3.2 STUDIES

ERS RS

USERS USERS USER GROUPS

Transit TransitUsers Users

Transit Users Residencial Residencial Transit Users Users Users

TRANSIT

SENIORS Senior Senior Residences Residences

1. 1.Train Train Station Station 2. 2. Retail Retail 3. 3. Grocery Grocery Store Store 4. 4. Cafe Cafe 5. 5. Daycare Daycare Cafe

Grocery Store

Train Station

SID

CE N E Retail

C EN

Daycare

S RE

Residencial UsersResidencial Community Community Users Users Users

AllAllother otherResidences Senior Residences Residences

1. Train Station 1. 1. Community Community Kitchen Kitchen 1. Train Station 1. 1. Community Community 1. Kitchen Community Kitchen Kitchen 2. Retail 2. 2. Community Community Gardern Gardern 2. Retail 2. 2. Community Community 2. Gardern Community Gardern Gardern 3. Grocery 3. 3. Community Store Community Centre Centre 3. Grocery 3. Store 3. Community Community 3. Centre Community Centre Centre Grocery Store 4. Cafe 4. 4. Rehab Rehab Centre Centre 4. Cafe 4. 4. Rehab Rehab Centre Centre 4. Rehab Centre Retail Daycare Daycare 5. Daycare 5. Daycare 5. 5. Daycare Daycare 5. Daycare 5. 5. 6. 6. Library Library 6. Library 6. 6. Library Library Community Garden 7. 7. Retail Retail 7. Retail 7. 7. Retail Retail Gym Retail 8. 8. Grocery Grocery Store Store 8. Cafe 8. Grocery Grocery Store Store 8. Grocery Store Community Kitchen Rehab Centre 9. 9. Cafe Cafe 9. 9. Cafe Cafe 9. Cafe 10.10. Resturant Resturant 10.10. Co-Working Co-Working 10. Resturant Senior Residence Co-Working 11.11. Fab-Labs Fab-Labs 12. Gym Gym Restaurant 12. Cafe Rehab Centre 13.13. Resturant Resturant Library

Community Centre

Senior AllRESIDENTIAL other Residences Residences

COMMUNITY

All other Residences

1.Kitchen 1. Community Community Kitchen Kitchen 1. 1. Community Community Kitchen 1. Community Kitchen 2.Gardern 2. Community Community Gardern Gardern 2. 2. Community Community Gardern 2. Community Gardern 3.Centre 3. Community Community Centre Centre 3. 3. Community Community Centre 3. Community Centre 4. 4. Rehab Rehab Centre Centre4. Rehab Centre 4. 4. Rehab Rehab Centre Centre Grocery Store Daycare 5. 5. Daycare Daycare 5. Daycare 5. 5. Daycare Library 6. 6. Library Library 6. Library 6. 6. Library Community Garden Retail 7. 7. Retail Retail 7. Retail 7. 7. Retail Grocery Store 8. 8. Grocery Grocery Store Store8. Grocery Store 8. 8. Grocery Store 9. 9. Cafe Cafe 9. 9. Cafe Cafe 9. Cafe Community Kitchen 10.10. Co-Working Co-Working10. Co-Working 10.10. Resturant Co-Working Train Station 11.11. Fab-Labs Fab-Labs 11. Fab-Labs 11. Fab-Labs Restaurant 12.12. Gym Gym 12. Gym 12. Gym Resturant Resturant 13. Resturant 13. Resturant13.13. Community Center

Fab-Lab

Community UsersCommunity Users

1. Community Kitchen 2. Community Gardern 3. Community Centre 4. Rehab Centre 5. Daycare 6. Library Gym 7. Retail Rehab Centre 8. Grocery Store 9. Cafe 10. Co-WorkingCo-Working 11. Fab-Labs 12. Gym 13. Resturant Fab-Lab

1. Community Kitchen 2. Community Gardern 3. Community Centre Retail Community Garden 4. Rehab Centre 5. Daycare 6. Library 7. Retail Grocery Store 8. Grocery Store 9. Cafe Restaurant 10. Co-Working Cafe 11. Fab-Labs 12. Gym 13. Resturant Community Centre

Library

Daycare Daycare

Library

Daycare

Community Kitchen

3.2 STUDIES PROGRAM SCENES

3.2 STUDIES

SID

RECIPROCAL PROGRAM - FOOD SECURITY

Fresh Produce

CE Residents Grow Food

Food for no / low income people

Waste

Fresh Produce AN

CO M

No / low income people can grow food

KIT CH

Waste

CO M

Fresh Produce

SHARING OF FRESH PRODUCE AND LABOUR

ER Y

3.2 STUDIES RECIPROCAL PROGRAM - DAY TO DAY

GY M

SID

AIN

CO M

ST AT IO

EASY ACCESS TO DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIES

DA YC A

3.2 STUDIES RECIPROCAL PROGRAM - LIVE / WORK

TA IL

SID

FA B

-LA

CO -W O

SHARING OF SPACE AND LEARNING RESOURCES

LIB

Transit Users

Transit Users Transit Users

3.2 STUDIES USER NEEDS

Senior Residences

TRANSIT

1. Train Station 2. Retail 3. Grocery Store 4. Cafe 5. Daycare

DAYCARE E

C EN

S RE

RETAIL

GARDEN

COMMUNITY CENTRE

E CE C N EN IDE D I FAB LABRES RESGROCERY

RESIDENCE

RESTAURANT

Residencial Community Residencial Users Residencial Commu Transit Users Users Residencial Users Users Users Community

SENIORS

CAFE

Train Station 1. Train1.Station 2. Retail 2. Retail 3. Grocery 3. Grocery Store Store 4. Cafe4. Cafe 5. Daycare 5. Daycare

COMMUNITY KITCHEN E

C EN

TRAINRES

COWORKING

REHAB

LIBRARY

GYM

All otherResidences Residences All other Senior All other Residences COMMUNITY Senior Residences Senior Residences Residences All other Residences

SENIORS

1. Community Kitchen 1.1.Community Kitchen Community Kitchen 1. Train Station 1. Community Kitchen 2. Community Gardern 2.2.Community Gardern Community Gardern 2. Retail 2. Community Gardern 3. Community CentreStore 3. Community 3.3.Community Centre Community Centre 3. Grocery Centre 4.4.Rehab Centre 4. Rehab Centre Rehab Centre 4. Cafe 4. Rehab Centre 5. Daycare 5. Daycare 5.5.Daycare Daycare 5. Daycare 6.6.Library 6. Library Library 6. Library 7.7.Retail 7. Retail Retail 7. Retail 8. Grocery Store 8.8.Grocery Grocery Store 8. Grocery StoreStore 9.9.Cafe 9. Cafe Cafe 9. Cafe 10. Resturant 10. 10.Co-Working Resturant 10. Resturant 11. Fab-Labs 12. Gym 13. Resturant

RESIDENTIAL

KitchenKitchen 1. Commun Community Kitchen 1. Community 1. Community Kitc 1. Community 1.1. Community Kitchen Kitchen 1. Community 2. Community Gardern 2. Commun Community Gardern 2. Community Gar 2. Community 2.2. Community Gardern Gardern 2. Community Gardern 3. Community Centre 3. Commun Community Centre 3. Community Cen 3. Community 3.3. Community Centre Centre 3. Community Centre 4. Rehab Centre Rehab Centre 4. Rehab 4. Rehab Centre 4. Rehab Centre 4. Rehab CentreCe 4.4. Rehab Centre 5. Daycare 5. Daycare Daycare 5. Daycare 5. Daycare 5.5. Daycare 5. Daycare 6. Library Library 6. Library 6. Library 6. Library 6. Library 6.6. Library 7. Retail7. Retail Retail 7. Retail 7. Retail 7. Retail 7.7. Retail 8. Grocery Store Store Grocery Store 8. Grocery 8. Grocery 8.8. Grocery StoreStore 8. Grocery 8. Grocery Store S 9. Cafe 9. Cafe Cafe 9. Cafe9. Cafe 9. Cafe 9.9. Cafe 10. Co-Working 10. Co-Working 10. Co-Work 10. Co-Working 10. Resturant 10. Co-Working 10. Co-Working 11. Fab-Labs 11. Fab-Lab 11. Fab-Labs 11. Fab-Labs 11. Fab-Labs 11. Fab-Labs 12. Gym 12. Gym 12. Gym 12. Gym 12. Gym 12. Gym 13. Resturant 13. Resturant 13. Resturan 13. Resturant 13. Resturant 13. Resturant

AREAS OF CONFLICT

3.2 STUDIES USER CONFLICTS

Daycare

DAYCARE

Community Centre

COMMUNITY CENTRE

Community Kitchen + Resturant COMMUNITY KITCHEN

RESTAURANT

C.K.

Rehab Centre + Gym

GYM REHAB

Library

LIBRARY

R.S. L.B.

C.C. D.C. D.C.

C.C.

C.K.

R.S.

R.C.

G.Y.

R.C.

G.Y.

L.B.

Co-Working + Fab-labs

FAB LAB COWORKING

C.W

F.L.

C.W

F.L.

3.2 STUDIES PROGRAM ARRANGEMENTS

RESIDENCE

AGGREGATION 1

AGGREGATION 2

SENIOR RESIDENCE

RESIDENCE GARDEN

GYM REHAB

SENIOR RESIDENCE

LIBRARY COWORK

GYM

FAB LAB COWORK CAFE COMMUNITY CENTRE RESTAURANT COMMUNITY GARDEN COMMUNITY KITCHEN DAYCARE GROCERY STORE TRAIN STATION RETAIL CAFE

REHAB LIBRARY FAB LAB FAB LAB CAFE COWORK COMMUNITY CENTRE DAYCARE COMMUNITY KITCHEN RESTAURANT RETAIL GROCERY STORE CAFE COMMUNITY GARDEN

3.2 STUDIES PROGRAM ARRANGEMENTS

RESIDENCE

SENIOR RESIDENCE

AGGREGATION 3

AGGREGATION 4 RESIDENCE

SENIOR RESIDENCE

GYM REHAB

LIBRARY

COWORK FAB LAB

FAB LAB COWORK

COWORK CAFE LIBRARY

FAB LAB COMMUNITY CENTRE CAFE

COMMUNITY RESTAURANT

DAYCARE COMMUNITY KITCHEN RESTAURANT COMMUNITY GARDEN GROCERY STORE TRAIN STATION RETAIL CAFE

COMMUNITY CENTRE DAYCARE GROCERY STORE TRAIN STATION RETAIL CAFE COMMUNITY GARDEN

3.3 SOLUTION OPTIMAL RECIPROCAL PROGRAMMING

TOWER 1

TOWER 2 COMMUNITY GARDEN RESIDENCE LIBRARY GYM REHAB SENIOR RESIDENCE COMMUNITY CENTRE RESTAURANT

DAYCARE

TRAIN

COMMUNITY KITCHEN

COWORK

TRAIN

RETAIL

COWORK RETAIL

3.3 SOLUTION OPTIMAL RECIPROCAL PROGRAMMING

TOWER 3

TOWER 4

COWORK

FAB LAB RESIDENCE TRAIN GROCERY RETAIL

TRAIN CAFE GROCERY RETAIL

3.3 SOLUTION FINAL PROGRAM

OPTIMAL RECIPROCAL PROGRAMMING

PROGRAM - BASED WALKWAY CONNECTIONS

4.0 DENSIFICATION

4.0 DENSIFICATION 4.1 PROBLEM 4.2 STUDIES 4.3 SOLUTION

4.1 PROBLEM LOW DENSITY

A B

TOTAL POPULATIONDensity: DENSITY:A - 1893.5 / B - 1149.5 / C - 5383 / D - 9033 Total Population A - 1893.5 PPL B - 1149.5 PPL C - 5393 PPL D - 9033 PPL

4.2 STUDIES

UNITS - BEST ARTICULATION FOR USER DENSITY

994 UNITS 994 USERS

SINGLE UNIT - 1 PERSON 7M X 7M 49 M2 UNITS

REARRANGEMENT

761 UNITS 1522 USERS

DOUBLE UNIT - 2 PEOPLE 8M X 8M 64 M2 UNITS

583 UNITS 2332 USERS

FAMILY UNIT - 4 PEOPLE 9M X 9M 81 M2 UNITS

483 UNITS 2898 USERS

LUX UNIT - 6 PEOPLE 10M X 10M 100 M2 UNITS

4.2 STUDIES 500 UNITS

UNITS - BEST ARTICULATION FOR USER DENSITY 900 UNITS

TOTAL 2248 USERS

TOTAL 1484 USERS

1200 UNITS

TOTAL 2739 USERS

TOTAL 3166 USERS

TOTAL 2580 USERS

TOTAL 3006 USERS

4.2 STUDIES

UNITS - BEST ARTICULATION FOR USER DENSITY

500 UNITS

900 UNITS

1200 UNITS

TOTAL 767 USERS

TOTAL 1522 USERS

TOTAL 2806 USERS

TOTAL 3259 USERS

4.1 STUDIES

UNITS - BEST ARTICULATION FOR USER DENSITY 4400 Users Sequence 1

MODULE LOGIC

2:2:2:1 BUILDING UNIT RATIO

FINAL MODULE

3259 USERS

4400 Users

Sequence 2

Sequence 3

Sequence 4

4400 Users Sequence 4

4.2 STUDIES

UNITS - BEST ARTICULATION FOR USER DENSITY 4400 USERS FLOOR SELECTION DUE TO CORRIDOR ACCESS

EACH FLOOR 10° ROT

EACH FLOOR 90° ROT

EACH FLOOR 60° ROT

EACH FLOOR 30° ROT

4.3 SOLUTION MAXIMIZE USER DENSITY

Private Circulation Personal Vehicles (1 way) Pedestrian (2 ways)

Private Circulation LRT (Blue Line) (2 ways) LRT (Red Line) (2 ways)

1401 USERS

5.0 SUSTAINABLE BUILDING

5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3

SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PROBLEM STUDIES SOLUTION

5.1 PROBLEM BUILDING EMISSIONS

OPERATION 28% DEMOLITION 14% MANUFACTURING 11% CONSTRUCTION 24% TRANSPORTATION 23%

5.1 PROBLEM CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS

WOOD

CONCRETE

STEEL

q^kqp

ENERGY USE

GHG

AIR POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

5.2 STUDIES TIMBER CARBON SEQUESTRATION

10 EARTHS

1 METER CUBED = 1 TONNE OF CARBON

ONE SILVER MAPLE = 3.6 CUBIC METERS

Source: “The Climate Cost of A Sprawling City.” The Sprawl, https://www.sprawlcalgary.com/calgary-climate-change-plan, 2019. “Carbon Storage.” Carbon Storage with Wood Buildings, MetsaWood, 2020, www.metsawood.com/global/news-media/articles/

CALGARIAN PER CAPITA CARBON FOOTPRINT = 15 HECTARES

HUMAN

5.2 STUDIES TIMBER CARBON SEQUESTRATION

X 15 HECTARES

HUMAN

1000 SILVER MAPLES FIT INTO A HECTARE =

= 54, 300 CUBIC METERS OF TIMBER TO OFFSET 1 PERSON

3620 CUBIC METERS OF TIMBER X CALGARY’S POPULATION 1.336 MILLION

= 72, 544, 800, 000 METERS CUBED OF TIMBER Source: “How Many Trees Can Be Planted per Hectare?” NHS Forest: Growing Forests for Health, 2020, nhsforest.org/how-many-trees-can-be-planted-hectare.

OR 37.867 M CUBED OF BUILDING MATERIAL

5.2 STUDIES

7 AVE STATION

LOGISTICS AND EMISSIONS

SPRAY LAKES SAW MILL

1 SPRAY LAKES CPR TRAIN TRUCK LRT

157 KM X 18G OF EMISSIONS PER KM = 2826G

SPRAY LAKES SAW MILL

OR 0.002826 T

HERITAGE STATION

10.5 KM X 112G OF EMISSIONS PER KM = 1176G OR 0.001176 T 13 KM X 0 = 0

TOTAL: 0.004002 TONNES OR 4002G CARBON EMISSIONS

3 DIRTT Source: Papatolios, A. (2020, December 11). Rail freight produces 6 times less CO2 than truck. Retrieved December 16, 2020, from https://www.railfreight.com/policy/2020/01/08/rail-freight produces-6-times-less-co2than-truck/?gdpr=accept

DIRTT HERITAGE STATION

5.2 STUDIES

MODULARITY - BEST ARTICULATION FOR QUICK CONSTRUCTION

Starting Geometry (too many differing wall sizes)

STARTING GEOMETRY

7M2 X 7M2 X 4M2 MODULE ( QUICK FABRICATION) Direct copy using one module (easy fabrication)

Construction Construction Construction Construction

SIMPLIFICATION (QUICK ASSEMBLY) Simplification (easy assembly)

CLT

CLT CLT CLT

GLT

GLT GLT GLT

CLT & DRYWALL

CLT CLT and and Draywall Draywall sandwish sandwish panels panels CLT and Draywall sandwish panels

MODULE COMPONENTS

5.2 STUDIES

MODULARITY - BEST ARTICULATION FOR QUICK CONSTRUCTION FINAL TOWER

FLOOR PLATE LOGIC

Simplification (easy assembly)

One Module

One Module Aggregated

One Module Aggregated into one floor

CUSTOMIZABLE INTERIOR PARTITIONING Starting Geometry (too many differing wall sizes)

Possible Reconfiguration

5.2 STUDIES ASSEMBLY - BEST CRANE OPTION

TOWER CRANE

182 M

5.2 STUDIES ASSEMBLY - BEST CRANE OPTION

MOBILE CRANE

61 M

5.2 STUDIES ASSEMBLY - BEST CRANE OPTION

TELESCOPIC CRANE

188 M

5.3 SOLUTION

MODULARITY AND ASSEMBLY FOR QUICK CONSTRUCTION

ASSEMBLY PACKAGING

5.3 SOLUTION

MODULARITY AND ASSEMBLY FOR QUICK CONSTRUCTION

6.0 WALKABILITY

6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3

WALKABILITY PROBLEM STUDIES SOLUTION

6.1 PROBLEM RELIANCE ON CARS

#1 VANCOUVER 65

MONTREAL

HAMILTON

MISSISSAUGA

WINNIPEG

SASKATOON

SURREY

OTTAWA

QUEBEC CITY

VERY WALKABLE

50 - 69

SOMEWHAT WALKABLE

25 - 49

CAR DEPENDANT

0 - 24

CAR DEPENDANT

- WALKSCORE.COM

LAVAL

70 - 89

“CALGARY IS A CAR DEPENDANT CITY. MOST ERRANDS REQUIRE A CAR.”

TORONTO

90 - 100 WALKER’S PARADISE

WALK SCORE : 39

EDMONTON

# 13 CALGARY 0

6.1 PROBLEM RELIANCE ON CARS

#1 TORONTO

VANCOUVER 67

MISSISSAUGA

BRAMPTON

EXCELLENT TRANSIT

50 - 69

GOOD TRANSIT

25 - 49

SOME TRANSIT

0 - 24

MINIMAL TRANSIT

- WALKSCORE.COM

WINNIPEG

70 - 89

“CALGARY HAS GOOD PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION.”

MONTREAL

90 - 100 RIDER’S PARADISE

TRANSIT SCORE : 50

#7 CALGARY

OTTAWA

EDMONTON

MARKHAM

49 0

6.1 PROBLEM RELIANCE ON CARS

#1 VICTORIA VANCOUVER 73

LONGUEUIL 68

OTTAWA

WATERLOO

TORONTO

WINNIPEG

RICHMOND

90 - 100 BIKER’S PARADISE

50 - 69 BIKEABLE 0 - 49

SOMEWHAT BIKEABLE

- WALKSCORE.COM

BOSSARD

VERY BIKEABLE

“CALGARY IS SOMEWHAT BIKEABLE.”

MONTREAL

70 - 89

BIKE SCORE : 49

#? CALGARY 0

6.2 STUDIES 2 AVE SW

6.2 STUDIES CENTRE ST S

6.2 STUDIES 4 AVE SE

6.2 STUDIES 7 AVE SW

6.2 SOLUTION

esidential

OPTIMAL BUILDING WALKABILITY

Maximum Travel Distance 148 m

Rehab Center

156 m

Community Garden

157 m

Restaurant

162 m

Gym

165 m

Co-Working Space

167 m

Community Centre

179 m

Library

185 m

Daycare

194 m

Community Kitchen

204 m

Grocery Market

208 m

Retail

211 m

Fab-Labs

245 m

Cafe

enior esidence

6.2 SOLUTION OPTIMAL BUILDING WALKABILITY

Maximum Travel Distance 70 m

Community Garden

92 m

Rehab Center

101 m

Gym

106 m

Restaurant

113 m

Community Centre

124 m

Daycare

138 m

Community Kitchen

179 m

Library

183 m

Retail

200 m

Grocery Market

225 m

Cafe

6.2 SOLUTION OPTIMAL BUILDING WALKABILITY

Maximum Travel Distance Cafe

29 m

Grocery Market

29 m

Fab-Labs

43 m

Retail

53 m

Community Centre

56 m

Co-Working Space

58 m

Gym

67 m

Rehab Center

72 m

Daycare

77 m

Library

92 m

Community Garden

96 m

Community Kitchen

111 m

Restaurant

6.2 SOLUTION

RT Station West)

OPTIMAL BUILDING WALKABILITY

Maximum Travel Distance 5m

Daycare

59 m

LRT Station (East)

69 m

Grocery Market

71 m

Cafe

81 m

Retail

7.0 RECIPROCITY FORM DIAGRAMS

Private Circulation Personal Vehicles (1 way) Pedestrian (2 ways)

Private Circulation LRT (Blue Line) (2 ways) LRT (Red Line) (2 ways)

7.0 RECIPROCITY FINAL FORM