TDD12-4N

TDD12-4N

STEAM TURBINE EDUCATIONAL UNIT DIMENSIONS in meters Lenght Width Height Net weight Kg

turbine 2.0 1.2 1.9 550

boiler 2.0 1.80 2.30 2700

auxiliary 2.0 1.5 2.3 600

Turbo-Dynamo Educational Unit type T.D.D.12/4-N. is a complete steam power plant and consists of 3 main parts.

1. BOILER Boiler of vertical type embodying fast water circulation tubes system. ¾ Heating surface m2 11 ¾ Max pressure Kg/cm2 12 ¾ Working Pressure Kg/cm2 10 ¾ Steam capacity (saturated) Kg/h 350 ¾ Superheated steam temperature 200° - 210° C. On request the boiler can be furnished of the pressurised type (different type of steam generator are available upon particular needs). The components making the boiler are: one upper steam header, three lower water headers and four rows of vaporising tubes. Superheated steam pipe coil and feed water heater pipe coil are arranged in the space existing between tube rows. Exhaust gases cover three passes along vaporising tubes and are drawn off by means of electric motor-driven fan for hot gas. Auxiliary equipment providing full automatic boiler operation are arranged on the top steam header.

GAS OIL BURNER- full automatic working - maximum viscosity 1,8 Engler at 20° C. - maximum flow rate 24 kg/h. The burner featuring two airless atomisers is provided with a control for both automatic and manual operated ignition, in view of obtaining a maximum linearity in boiler pressure. The gas oil burner can be replaced by an oil burner (5 - 7 Engler) or a methane burner.

I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com

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TDD12-4N

2. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT Auxiliary equipment of boiler include: ¾ Electric motor-driven centrifugal feed pump. ¾ Steam injector. ¾ Softened feed water tank with glass level gauge and thermometer for water temperature. ¾ Fuel oil service tank provided with glass gauge and auxiliary tank for precision measurement of gas oil consumption. ¾ Water softener consisting of an ion exchanger resin column and relevant accessories for cyclic regeneration of resin. ¾ Boiler control board.

Control board allowing the control of automatic boiler operation is complete with a thermocouple pyrometer for the recording of temperature inside of furnace, and a thermometer for exhaust gas.

OPTIONAL AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT The TDD12/4 unit can be integrated with the following accessories: ¾ Thermal degaser The softened feed water tank can be fitted with plates dropping water and steam fed with aim to heat water up to 100 C° as to allow oxigen outflow.

An electrovalve and thermostat are included to control overheating. ¾ Cooling tower A vertical cooling tower with independent motor driven fan and circulating pump can be connected to the condenser in order to feed it with the necessary cooled water ¾ Trottling calorimeter This apparatus, universal type allows the continuous measurement of the quality of steam produced. It is possible to analise any steam quality including moisture over 5%. ¾ Orsat apparatus Used to analyse boiler exhaust gases by CO and CO2 determination in order to set air admission to the burner.

3. TURBINE AND GENERATOR ASSEMBLY

The turbine and generator assembly consists of: ¾ Impulse steam turbine type "ST4" with one pressure stage, 2 speed stages and 2 hand valves. ¾ Rated output: 4 HP (with intermittent overload) ¾ Rated speed: 3,000 RPM ¾ Working pressure: 10 Kg/cm2 ¾ Steam inlet temperature saturated or superheated ¾ Exhaust pressure: Back pressure or under vacuum The turbine is fitted with a maim inlet valve, a double seat valve connected to a centrifugal speed control governor, and an over speed control of tripping type that can also be actuated manually.

The centrifugal regulator is direct driven from the turbine shaft both of them are installed in a tank containing lubricating oil which is cooled by means of a water cooling coil. The turbine can be coupled to a reduction gear box.

I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com

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TDD12-4N

CONDENSER The turbine discharges into a galvanised steel condenser with four steam-water crossed passes provided with copper cooling tubing. The tubes of the condenser are ranged to obtain the regeneration of the condensate. The cooling water inlet piping includes a water meter for the measurement of the quantity of cooling water flow HOT WELL The hot well is connected directly to the condenser and consists of a sealed steel tank with large capacity. It is provided with graduated level glass gauge to allow an accurate recording of steam consumption of the turbine.

EJECTOR A single-stage ejector fed from the main steam pipe is installed on the hot well top: this ejector enables a vacuum condition up to 85-90%. The turbine can therefore work with either back pressure or below atmospheric pressure: this makes it possible to have comparative tests at these two stages.

CONDENSATE PUMP Condensate is taken out from the hot well by means of an electro-centrifugal pump and can be delivered to the softened water tank for boiler feeding in a closed cycle.

GENERATOR The turbine shaft is coupled to an swinging frame dynamo as braking system, separately excited, rating - 3Kw output, 3.000 RPM,. Excitation for the dynamo is controlled through an electronic circuit, while power output is dissipated by resistances embodied inside of the control board. The generator is connected to a continuous torque detector whose signal, detected and amplified, is visualised directly in Kgm. on a dial indicator. It is thus possible to know at any time the torque output of the turbine: a schedule converts the power output in HP with respect to RPM: electric output of the generator can be measured by a voltmeter and an ammeter on the control board.

CONTROL BOARD The control board for both turbine and generating unit includes, further to auxiliary equipment for electric services, also the equipment as given below. ¾ Nozzle steam pressure gauge ¾ Nozzle steam temperature thermometer ¾ Steam exhaust pressure or vacuum gauge ¾ Steam exhaust temperature thermometer ¾ Cooling water inlet thermometer to condenser ¾ Cooling water outlet thermometer from condenser

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

Condensate outlet thermometer Voltmeter Ammeter Generator excitation control Load resistor Electric torque detector calibrated directly in Kgm.

MEASURABLE QUANTITIES With use of T.D.D.12/4-N. unit it is made possible to relieve, record and take readings of the following parameters afferent to the boiler (saturated, superheated and de-superheated steam) and of the turbine connected to a brakegenerator with swinging frame.

1. Temperature in furnace.

2. Exhaust gas temperature.

3. Feed water temperature.

4. Exhaust gas vacuum at stack.

5. Differential measurement of fuel consumption during operation under standard conditions and during the execution of typical tests.

6. Measurement of quantity of softened water.

7. Determination of supply water hardness downstream and upstream of softener.

8. Combustion control depending upon turbine load.

9. Steam pressure gauge.

10. Analysis of exhaust gas composition by the use of "Orsat" apparatus.

11. Production of saturated, superheated and desuperheated steam.

TURBINE AND BRAKE-GENERATOR 1. Time recording of steam consumption by means of the condensate volume.

2. Variation of turbine working condition through action of hand valves.

3. Turbine working variation by back-pressure or below atmospheric pressure.

4. Revolutions per minute.

5. Brake-generator load regulation.

6. Measurement of turbine torque on a dial, and conversion of it into scheduled power values.

7. Measurement of generator output by voltmeter and ammeter.

8. Nozzle steam pressure and temperature 9. Exhaust steam pressure or vacuum.

10. Exhaust steam temperature.

11. Cooling water inlet temperature to condenser.

12. Outlet water temperature from condenser.

13. Condensate temperature.

14. Cooling water flow measurement by water meter.

15. Cooling water flow measurement by Rotameter.

16. Steam pressure at the carbon glands when the turbine is working below atmospheric pressure values.

17. Steam flow rate acting the ejector.

I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com

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TDD12-4N

TYPICAL TESTS POSSIBLE WITH USE OF T.D.D.12/4-N. All typical tests described below can be repeated under different working condition of the unit, i.e.: ¾ Turbine fed with saturated, superheated or de-superheated steam. ¾ Turbine operation with one hand valve or two hand valves open. ¾ Turbine working in back pressure or below atmospheric pressure values.

BOILER ¾ Flow rate test. ¾ Fuel consumption test. ¾ Efficiency test by direct or indirect methods. ¾ Composition of exhaust gases analysed by Orsat apparatus. ¾ Determination of sensitive heat losses of the exhaust gas. ¾ Determination of volumetric specific heat of exhaust gas.

TURBINE AND BRAKE-GENERATOR ¾ Determination of total permanent speed drop or mean average proportional bad of speed control circuit. ¾ Power/steam consumption curve. ¾ Turbine efficiency curve determination at the variation of isoentropic enthalpic stage. ¾ Generator efficiency determination: generator intended as generating machine and not brakedynamo.

CONDENSER Cooling water flow curve determination according to turbine running. Physical state of condensate according to changes in cooling water flow.

I - 16153 P.D. da Bissone 36r. GENOA - ITALY - Tel.: +39 010 6501969 Fax: +39 010 6501969 e-mail: patrone@ giacomopatrone.com http://www.giacomopatrone.com

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