A regular digest of information and research related to human trafficking into and within the UK. Produced by the Research and Development Unit, on behalf of The Salvation Army’s Anti-Trafficking Co-ordinator.
Contents 1. Research, reports and journal articles 1.1 Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group latest report 1.2 ACPO report into commercial cultivation of cannabis 1.3 Review of violence, health and trafficking 1.4 Young person’s guide to sexual violence and the law 1.5 IPPR report into the UK’s response to human trafficking 1.6 Report into the links between advertisements for sexual services and trafficking for sexual exploitation 1.7 COMPAS report into the experiences of undocumented migrant children in the UK 1.8 Toolkit: uncovering hidden migrant worker maltreatment 1.9 US Trafficking in Persons (TIP) report 2. Political and legislative 2.1 Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders (LASPO) 2.2 Report on the internal review of human trafficking legislation 2.3 PICUM report into ‘double violence’ against undocumented women in Europe 2.4 Parliamentary questions 3. Campaigns 3.1 More than Gold human trafficking campaign
1. Research, reports and journal articles Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group latest report, April 2012 ‘All Change: Preventing Trafficking in the UK’: follow-up report to ATMG’s ‘Wrong Kind of Victim’ report (June 2010), covering prevention measures in the UK, including, amongst other issues, awareness raising and education initiatives, reducing demand, assisted voluntary return programmes, trafficking of children and devolved policies. http://www.antislavery.org/includes/documents/c m_docs/2012/a/atmg_all_change_prevention.pdf 1.2 ACPO report into commercial cultivation of cannabis, April 2012 Publication of the third ‘national problem profile’ into the cultivation of cannabis which shows an increasing number of farms being detected. http://www.acpo.police.uk/documents/crime/2012 /20120430CBACCofCPP.pdf 1.3 Review of violence, health and trafficking, May 2012 Journal article by a team of health researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Kings College London, ‘Prevalence and Risk of Violence and the Physical,
3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
The Salvation Army’s ALOVE ‘Cut it Out’ campaign Stop the Traffik and UN: GIFT box Anti-Slavery International Slavery-Free London Stop the Traffik: Make Taxis Traffik-Free Stop the Traffik: Easter Egg campaign LexisNexis introduces Human Trafficking Awareness Index
4. In the 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
news Trafficking of children Trafficking and the Olympics Northern Ireland Policy development in Scotland ‘Four face jail after first conviction under new “slavery” laws’ 4.6 ‘Cash seized from convicted sex trafficker’ 4.7 ‘Forced labour trafficking gangs face tougher sentences’ 4.8 ‘Gangmaster licensing plan prompts exploitation fears’ 4.9 ‘Six people charged with trafficking of Indian woman’ 4.10 ‘Two-fifths of UK trafficking victims are male, survey reveals’ 4.11 ‘People trafficking investigation leads to six arrests in Leicester’
Mental and Sexual Health Problems Associated with Human Trafficking: Systematic Review’, PLOS Medicine. http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi %2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001224 1.4 Young person’s guide to sexual violence and the law, June 2012 ‘Your rights, your body, your life’: legal guide for young people who have experienced sexual violence, commissioned by The Havens and written by legal practitioners from Rights of Women. http://www.thehavens.co.uk/docs/guide_to_sexual _violence.pdf 1.5 IPPR report into the UK’s response to human trafficking, July 2012 ‘The UK’s response to human trafficking: fit for purpose?’: report which focuses on the Olympics as an opportunity for the UK to reassess its anti-trafficking strategy. http://www.ippr.org/publication/55/9382/the-uksresponse-to-human-trafficking-fit-for-purpose 1.6 Report into the links between advertisements for sexual services and trafficking for sexual exploitation ‘Reading between the lines’: report, commissioned by Mary Honeyball MEP, exploring the connections between
This bulletin covers material produced during the period 27 March – 28 July 2012 although it should be noted that, due to space limitations, not all relevant material may have been included. The bulletin includes links to material and sources and is provided by way of information. The information included is not necessarily endorsed or supported by The Salvation Army.
advertisements for commercial sexual services in London local newspapers and human trafficking into sexual exploitation. http://maryhoneyballmep.files.wordpress.com/201 2/06/reading-between-the-lines_final_mh.pdf 1.7 COMPAS report into the experiences of undocumented migrant children in the UK ‘No way out, no way in’: University of Oxford publication of research into the experiences of irregular migrant children and their families in the UK. http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/research/welfare/un documented-migrant-children-in-the-uk/ 1.8 Toolkit: uncovering hidden migrant worker maltreatment Toolkit produced by the Association of Labour Providers covering circumstances in which migrant forced labour, bondage and related maltreatment can come to exist. http://www.labourproviders.org.uk/files/members _briefs/Uncovering%20Hidden%20Migrant%20Wor ker%20Maltreatment.pdf 1.9 US Trafficking in Persons (TIP) report Publication of the 2012 TIP report: http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2012/index. htm
2. Political and legislative 2.1 Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders (LASPO) The Bill received Royal Assent on 1 May and is now an Act of Parliament: http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2010-11/ legalaidsentencingandpunishmentofoffenders.html 2.2 Report on the internal review of human trafficking legislation Report which provides a review of human trafficking legislation in England and Wales, a commitment made as part of the publication of the 2011 human trafficking strategy. The review identifies three areas of legislation which could be strengthened. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/crime /human-trafficking-legislation?view=Binary 2.3 Report into ‘double violence’ against undocumented women in Europe PICUM report launched at the European Parliament: ‘Strategies to end double violence against undocumented women – protecting rights and ensuring justice’ http://picum.org/en/news/picum-news/35187/ 2.4 Parliamentary questions The following section, drawn from the Hansard Commons debates, has been divided into written answers and debates / oral responses with each section following chronological order.
Damian Green: The requested data are shown in the following table. Table 1: Average asylum case conclusion timings for Victims of Trafficking, 2009-2011 Year of conclusion 2009 2010 2011 Total
Number of cases 12 60 59 131
Average days 163 234 350 280
Notes: 1. All figures quoted are management information which has been subject to internal quality checks. 2. Data relates to 1st time asylum applications and main applicants only. 3. Average days refers to calendar days.
23 May Fiona Bruce: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many officials are involved in administering the National Referral Mechanism for suspected victims of trafficking; and in what parts of the country these officials are based. Damian Green: Under the National Referral Mechanism decisions about who is a victim of trafficking can only be made by trained specialists. The UK Human Trafficking Centre (UKHTC), part of the Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA), and the UK Border Agency are the only designated ‘Competent Authorities’ able to perform this role. Seven staff located within the UKHTC in Birmingham – including five SOCA officers and two staff seconded from the UK Border Agency – undertake this role on a full-time basis. In addition approximately 120 trained staff within the UK Border Agency who are located across the United Kingdom undertake this role alongside other duties. Fiona Bruce: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what cost was incurred by the (a) UK Border Agency and (b) UK Human Trafficking Centre in administering the National Referral Mechanism for suspected victims of trafficking in the latest period for which figures are available. Damian Green: Funds have not been specifically allocated to administering the National Referral Mechanism and work has been absorbed within business as usual running costs by the UK Border Agency and the UK Human Trafficking Centre, part of the Serious Organised Crime Agency. Details of the annual accounts of the UK Border Agency and Serious Organised Crime Agency can be found using the following links: UK Border Agency http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/ documents/aboutus/annual-reports-accounts/ Serious and Organised Crime Agency http://www.soca.gov.uk/about-soca/library
24 May Written answers 30 April Stephen Phillips: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what the average waiting time was for the conclusion of asylum applications of victims of human trafficking in each of the last three years.
Mark Durkan: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what matters were discussed at the InterDepartmental Ministerial Group on Human Trafficking’s latest meeting; and who attended the meeting. Damian Green: The Group discussed human trafficking and the Olympics, its role as National Rapporteur and assessments
of trends in human trafficking. A list of Members and attendees for this meeting is provided as follows: Inter-Departmental Ministerial Group (IDMG) on Human Trafficking ministerial-level meeting attendees and non-attending Members ; 17 April 2012 Attendees: Damian Green MP, Minister for Immigration (Chair) Tim Loughton MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Children and Families Jeremy Browne MP, Minister of State, FCO Crispin Blunt MP, Minister for Justice Baroness Hanham MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Communities David Jones MP, Wales Office David Ford MLA, Northern Ireland Executive Apologies: Lynne Featherstone MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Equalities and Criminal Information Stephen O’Brien, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for International Development(1) Anne Milton MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Public Health(1) Chris Grayling MP, Minister for Employment(1) Kenny MacAskill MSP, Cabinet Secretary for Justice, Scottish Executive(1) David Mundell MP, Scotland Office(1) Carl Sargeant AM, Welsh Assembly Government Edward Gamier QC MP, Solicitor General(1) (1)
Indicates official level deputies present at the meeting.
27 June Mr MacShane: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice what the (a) nationality and (b) gender was of each suspected victim of trafficking referred to the Trafficking Victim Support scheme operated by The Salvation Army in (i) March and (ii) May 2012; in which region each of the suspected victims was found; and which agency referred each case to the scheme. Mr Blunt: In March 2012 there were 38 referrals to the Government-funded support service for adult victims of human trafficking in England and Wales administered by The Salvation Army. In May there were 70. Details are provided in the following table: Nationality
Gender
Region
Referring agency
Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Female Female Female Female Female Female
South East South East South East Yorkshire South East South East East North West South East South East Yorkshire South West South East North East North East North East Yorkshire
NGO NGO Self-referral UKBA UKBA Local authority NGO Legal representative NGO NHS NGO NGO Police Police Police Police Police
March 2012 Albanian Albanian Albanian Albanian Albanian Bangladeshi Bulgarian Cameroonian Chinese Czech Czech Gambian Hungarian Hungarian Hungarian Hungarian Hungarian
Nationality
Gender
Region
Referring agency
Kenyan Namibian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Not known Pakistani Romanian Tanzanian Ugandan Ugandan UK Vietnamese Vietnamese
Male Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Female Female Male Female Male
Yorkshire North West East North West South East South East South East South East West Midlands South East West Midlands South East East Midlands East West Midlands South East South East South East Yorkshire East South East
NHS UKBA NGO NGO Social services Legal representative NGO NGO Self-referral NGO UKBA Police UKBA UKBA Police NGO NGO Police NGO Legal representative Legal representative
Female Female Female Female Male Male
South East North West South East West Midlands North East Yorkshire
NGO UKBA NGO UKBA UKBA NGO
Female Female Female Male Female Female Male Male Female Female Male Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Male Male Male Male Male Female Female Male Male Male Male Male Male Female Female
South East North West North East Yorkshire Yorkshire Yorkshire Not known Not known West Midlands South East South East East Midlands East Midlands South East North West South East South East South East South East Yorkshire Yorkshire South East North West South East Yorkshire West Midlands South South South South South South East South East South East South East South Cast South East South East West Midlands South East South East
NGO UKBA UKBA NGO Police Police Not known Not known UKBA NGO NGO Police Police NGO UKBA NGO SOCA SOCA UKBA UKBA UKBA NHS UKBA Social services NGO NGO Police Police Police Police Police GLA GLA GLA GLA GLA GLA GLA NGO Police Police
May 2012 Albanian Albanian Albanian Albanian Chinese Czech Equatorial Guinean Ethiopian Ethiopian Hungarian Hungarian Hungarian Indian Indian Indian Kenyan Lithuanian Lithuanian Lithuanian Lithuanian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Pakistani Pakistani Philippine Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Romanian Romanian
Nationality
Gender
Region
Referring agency
Romanian Romanian Romanian Romanian Romanian Romanian Romanian Romanian Romanian Romanian Romanian Senegalese Slovakian Slovakian Slovakian Ugandan Ugandan Ugandan UK Vietnamese Vietnamese Vietnamese Zambian
Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Female Female Female Male Male Female Female Female Male Female Male Male Female
South East South East South East South East South East South East South East South East South East South East South East Yorkshire South East North East South East South East South East Yorkshire West Midlands South East South East South East South West
Police Police Police Police Police Police Police Police Police Police Police UKBA Police NGO NGO NGO Self-referral UKBA NGO NGO UKBA Legal representative Self-referral
2 July Mr Bone: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice what assessment he has made of The Salvation Army’s efforts in running the Government’s scheme to protect victims of human trafficking. Mr Blunt: We will review the first year’s operation of the contract, which was implemented on 1 July 2011, later this year.
5 July Mr Bone: To ask the Secretary of State for Education what process is used to establish how child victims of human trafficking are placed in local authority care. Tim Loughton [holding answer 2 July 2012]: Responsibility for the care, protection and accommodation of child trafficking victims rests with local authorities under their duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of all children, and in accordance with the Council of Europe Convention on Human Trafficking. Separated and vulnerable children from abroad have the same entitlements as UK born or resident children. Where a child is suspected of being trafficked and becomes looked after by a local authority, a social worker will be responsible for putting in place an individualised care plan covering the full range of the child’s needs. The social worker will also make an assessment of the type of placement which best matches the needs of the child, including the need to safeguard them from contact with traffickers.
16 July Michael Connarty: To ask the Secretary of State for International Development which organisations his Department is funding to counter human trafficking; and where these organisations are based. Mr O’Brien: DFID is currently providing funding to the following organisations to counter human trafficking and
slavery. The location of each organisation’s headquarters is shown in brackets. Asia Regional Trafficking Programme: NIMBUS Social Enterprise Consulting (Southampton, UK); Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (Bangkok, Thailand); International Labour Organization (Geneva, Switzerland); Anti-Slavery International (London, UK). The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (London, UK) has the contract for monitoring and evaluation. Malawi Anti-Child Trafficking Project: Salvation Army (London, UK). Challenging Descent-Based Slavery in West Africa: Anti-Slavery International (London, UK). Slavery and Child Labour: Governance and Social Responsibility: Anti-Slavery International (London, UK). 17 July Mark Pawsey: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice what the (a) nationality and (b) gender was of each suspected victim of trafficking referred to the Trafficking Victim Support Scheme operated by The Salvation Army in June 2012; in which region each of the suspected victims was found; and which agency referred each case to the scheme. Mr Blunt: In June 2012 there were 46 referrals to the Government-funded support service for adult victims of human trafficking in England and Wales administered by The Salvation Army. Details are as follows: Nationality
Gender
Region
Referring agency
Albanian Albanian Albanian Albanian Bangladeshi Bulgarian Bulgarian Czech Czech Czech Czech Czech Eritrean Gambian Ghanaian Hungarian Indian Mali an Moldavian Moldavian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Nigerian Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish Polish
Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Female Female Female Male Female Female Female Male Male Female Female Female Male Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Male Male Female Male Male Male Male
South East Yorkshire Yorkshire Yorkshire West Midlands South East South East West Midlands West Midlands South East South East South East Yorkshire South East South East South East West Midlands South East South East South East South Fast Wales South East South East South East South East Yorkshire Yorkshire Wales Wales Wales Wales West Midlands West Midlands Yorkshire South East
UKBA UKBA UKBA UKBA UKBA Social services Social services Police Police Police Police NGO UKBA NGO UKBA Police Legal representative Legal representative Self-referral Local authority Legal representative NGO UKBA Legal representative NGO NGO UKBA UKBA GLA GLA GLA GLA NGO NGO NGO NGO
Nationality
Gender
Region
Referring agency
Romanian Romanian Slovakian Slovakian UK UK US Zambian Not known Not known
Female Female Male Male Female Male Male Female Female Female
South East South East Not known West Midlands South East North West Yorkshire South East West Midlands West Midlands
Police Police Not known NGO UKHTC NGO UKBA NGO Prison service UKBA
Oral responses 22 May 1. Mr Peter Bone (Wellingborough) (Con): How many prosecutions the Crown Prosecution Service brought for human trafficking in the last 12 months. 6. Keith Vaz (Leicester East) (Lab): What steps he is taking to increase the number of prosecutions for human trafficking. The Attorney-General (Mr Dominic Grieve): The Crown Prosecution Service has charged and prosecuted 133 offences of human trafficking in the past 12 months, 1 May 2011 to 30 April 2012. The CPS prosecutes human trafficking-related cases under other legislation as well. The CPS is taking a number of steps to increase prosecutions, but is dependent on cases being referred for investigation by law enforcement agencies. Mr Bone: We have another Minister at the Dispatch Box who is also box office. May I encourage him to look at the problem where police spend time, money and effort breaking up criminal gangs of human traffickers, only for the CPS to charge them with much lesser offences, getting shorter sentences that are no deterrent to the human traffickers. It is essential that we prosecute people for human trafficking. What can the Attorney-General do? The Attorney-General: I agree entirely with my hon. Friend that it is important that the right offences should be prosecuted, and if he wishes to draw to my attention instances where he feels that has not happened, I am always prepared to take the matter up. It is also right to point out that in deciding how to prosecute, the Crown Prosecution Service will look very carefully at all the surrounding issues, including sometimes the vulnerability of the offender, and may on occasion consider that the best way in which the public interest can be served is in prosecuting a lesser offence, but the principle must always be that the offence charged and prosecuted should meet the gravity of the crime. Keith Vaz: I agree with the hon. Member for Wellingborough (Mr Bone) and pay tribute to him for the work he does in this area. Some 100,000 people are trafficked around Europe every year. This is a cross-border crime that requires crossborder co-operation. What steps is the Attorney-General taking through the Crown Prosecution Service and the Metropolitan Police to work with Interpol and Europol to find the perpetrators of this cross-border crime and make sure that they are brought to justice? It must be done on an international basis. The Attorney-General: I agree entirely with the right hon. Gentleman. It is indeed an international crime. Within the
European Union there are CPS liaison magistrates in other countries, the European Judicial Network contacts, the Serious Organised Crime Agency liaison officers and Eurojust to assist. Outside the EU the position is more complicated, but we have some liaison CPS working in a number of countries with which we have particular important links. The right hon. Gentleman will be aware that under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, the extra-territoriality provisions provided for in EU directives have been implemented, although they have not yet been brought into operation, so that these offences can now be prosecuted here even if they were committed abroad. Ultimately, the CPS will be dependent on the evidence produced to it. That will come from the police or SOCA, and for those reasons, the CPS, while doing its best, will always continue to be dependent on the quality of the information it gets. Tom Brake (Carshalton and Wallington) (LD): Does the Attorney-General agree that just as the CPS must increase the number of prosecutions against people guilty of human trafficking, it must also stop prosecuting those who have been trafficked, such as in the case of AVN? The Attorney-General: Yes, I agree entirely with the right hon. Gentleman. As he knows, the CPS has a process in operation, which has been echoed by the Home Office, to provide protection for those who have been trafficked. He will also be aware that, with the encouragement of all political parties, the previous Government signed up to providing protection against deportation for those who had been trafficked. Dr William McCrea (South Antrim) (DUP): As the tragedy of human trafficking crosses all regions of the United Kingdom, what recent discussions have been held with the devolved Administrations? The Attorney-General: I agree entirely with the hon. Gentleman. The best thing I can do is write to him. I am perfectly aware that the CPS liaises extensively with the CPS in Northern Ireland and the Lord Advocate’s Department in Scotland, and I will provide him with that information.
3. Campaigns 3.1 More than Gold human trafficking campaign More than Gold outlines initiatives around human trafficking and London 2012: http://www.morethangold.org.uk/service/socialjustice/human-trafficking-and-prostitution.html 3.2 The Salvation Army’s ALOVE ‘Cut it Out’ campaign Campaign aimed at raising the awareness of human trafficking amongst young people and lobbying for an end to the advertisement of commercial sexual services. http://www2.salvationarmy.org.uk/alove/alove.nsf/ vw-sublinks/60FE73FA93C33D90802579D5004EE6C5? openDocument 3.3 Stop the Traffik and UN: GIFT box Joint Stop the Traffik and United Nations campaign raising awareness of human trafficking as millions of visitors come to the UK this summer. http://www.stopthetraffik.org/campaign/olympics 3.4 Anti-Slavery International Slavery-Free London The Slavery-Free London campaign aims to draw attention to the potential risk of an increase in modern slavery
connected to the 2012 Olympic Games, and ensure more is done to put a stop it in the run up to, during and after the Games. http://www.antislavery.org/english/campaigns/ slavery_free_london/default.aspx
‘Telford restaurant workers “paid for sex” with teenager’ BBC, 20 June http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandshropshire-18528661
3.5 Stop the Traffik: Make Taxis Traffik Free Campaign to raise awareness of human trafficking amongst taxi drivers: http://www.stopthetraffik.org/campaign/travel/w hat-you-can-do/8?utm_medium=email&utm_ source=STOP+THE+TRAFFIK&utm_campaign=140202 3_Traffik+Report+June+2012&utm_content=Taxicam paign&dm_i=D5L,U1T3,1VBLGV,2GPMI,1
‘High runaway numbers prompt review into children’s homes’ Guardian, 18 June http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/jun/18/c hildrens-homes-runaways-review?INTCMP=SRCH
3.6 Stop the Traffik: Easter Egg campaign ‘Is your Easter Egg made with trafficked child labour?’ Campaign to lobby for trafficked-free chocolate Easter eggs in supermarkets by 2013: http://www.stopthetraffik.org/campaign/chocolate 3.7 LexisNexis introduces Human Trafficking Awareness Index LexisNexis launches human trafficking awareness index as part of its service of tracking and analysing content of news articles. It is hoped that this will prove a valuable tool for campaigners of issues related to human trafficking. http://www.nexis.co.uk/ 4. In the News 4.1 Trafficking of children A series of articles documenting the experiences of younger victims of trafficking: ‘Oxford sex trafficking case: Ninth man charged’ BBC, 25 July http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandoxfordshire-18979935 ‘Oxford sex trafficking case: Two more men in court’ BBC, 6 July http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandoxfordshire-18742296 ‘Care home reforms to tackle child sex abuse by gangs’ BBC, 3 July http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18685452 ‘Children in care to get more protection against “export trade”’ Guardian, 3 July http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/jul/03/ children-in-care-protection?INTCMP=SRCH
‘Telford brothers “forced girls into prostitution”’ BBC, 18 June http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandshropshire-18498000 ‘Seventeenth arrest in child sex abuse investigation’ BBC, 15 June http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-18464154 ‘Thames Valley Police child exploitation team handed £500K’ BBC, 13 June http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-18412963 ‘Rochdale grooming investigation: two more men arrested’ Guardian, 19 May http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/may/19/roch dale-case-two-men-arrested?INTCMP=SRCH ‘Child grooming: what social workers should know’ Guardian, 17 May http://www.guardian.co.uk/social-carenetwork/2012/may/17/child-grooming-socialworkers?INTCMP=SRCH ‘Shame of Rochdale child sex ring member’s family’ BBC, 14 May http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland18076227 ‘Second Rochdale child grooming ring suspected’ Guardian, 12 May http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/may/12/seco nd-child-grooming-ring-rochdale?INTCMP=SRCH ‘Oxford man charged with further child prostitution offences’ BBC News, 10 May http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandoxfordshire-18019122
‘Man denies abusing deaf girl in cellar’ Guardian, 22 June http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/jun/22/mandenies-abusing-deaf-girl-cellar?INTCMP=SRCH
‘Rochdale gang jailed for total of 77 years for sexually exploiting young girls’ Guardian, 9 May http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/may/09/roch dale-gang-jailed-sexually-exploiting?INTCMP=SRCH
‘Rochdale paedophile ringleader is named’ Guardian, 21 June http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/jun/21/ringle ader-rochdale-paedophiles-named?INTCMP=SRCH
‘Rochdale grooming case: victim’s story’ BBC, 8 May http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandmanchester-17914138
‘Rochdale grooming leader guilty of child rape’ BBC, 21 June http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandmanchester-18540902
‘Rochdale grooming trial: nine found guilty of child sex charges’ BBC, 8 May http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-17989463
‘Nigerian girls “may have been trafficked into the UK”’ BBC, 12 April http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex17691957
‘Bid to fast-track ban on all prostitution in Scotland’ Scotsman, 17 June http://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/bid-tofast-track-ban-on-all-prostitution-in-scotland-12359455
4.2 Trafficking and the Olympics
4.5 ‘Four face jail after first conviction under new “slavery” laws’ Guardian, 11 July http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/jul/11/fourface-jail-slavery-law-convictions?INTCMP=SRCH
‘Campaigners on sexual violence accuse Olympic organisers of ignoring issue’ Guardian, 28 June http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/thewomens-blog-with-jane-martinson/2012/jun/28/ domestic-violence-olympics-ignoringissue?INTCMP=SRCH ‘Will the Olympics bring more prostitutes?’ BBC, 7 June http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18174387 4.3 Northern Ireland A number of reports documenting trafficking issues in Northern Ireland: ‘Trio arrested for running brothels in Northern Ireland’ BBC, 6 July http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland18733655 ‘Police waging war on 180 crime gangs’ BBC, 4 July http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland18709892 ‘Three women admit charges over Belfast brothel’ BBC, 30 May http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland18260799 ‘Parties unite to fight sex trafficking (NI)’ BBC, 15 May http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland18076227 4.4 Policy development in Scotland ‘Bid to outlaw prostitution in Scotland is blocked by Holyrood’ Scotsman, 19 June http://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/bid-tooutlaw-prostitution-in-scotland-is-blocked-byholyrood-1-2362966
4.6 ‘Cash seized from convicted sex trafficker’ BBC, 10 July http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgowwest-18783948 4.7 ‘Forced labour trafficking gangs face tougher sentences’ Guardian, 22 June http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2012/jun/22/hum an-trafficking-slavery?INTCMP=SRCH 4.8 ‘Gangmaster licensing plan prompts exploitation fears’ BBC, 25 May http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-18204566 4.9 ‘Six people charged with trafficking of Indian woman’ Guardian, 18 May http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2012/may/18/sixcharged-trafficking-indian-woman?INTCMP=SRCH 4.10 ‘Two-fifths of UK trafficking victims are male, survey reveals’ Guardian, 26 April http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2012/apr/26/twofifths-human-trafficking-male?INTCMP=SRCH 4.11 ‘People trafficking investigation leads to six arrests in Leicester’ Guardian, 10 April http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/apr/10/ people-trafficking-six-arrests-leicester?INTCMP =SRCH ‘Six arrested in people trafficking inquiry’ BBC, 10 April http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandleicestershire-17671067
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