120119-120323_11062308_CROYDON II

SURVEILLANCE / PUBLIC DOMAIN

SURVEILLANCE / PUBLIC DOMAIN

CONTENTS -

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2 CONTEXT 3 BRIEF 4 > LOCATING THE BRIEF 6 HIGH STREET > AS INFRASTRUCTURE 11 > AS PUBLIC DOMAIN 12 > AS SURVEILLANCE 12 > AS ACTORS 14 > AS RIOT ZONE 15 > AS BRIDGE 16 THE SITE 20

> FORM FINDING 24 THE BRIDGE > DESIGN DECISIONS 26 > ADAPTABILITY 28 > COMPONENTS 36 > PRINCIPLE /MATERIALITY MODELS 41 > MISC 45

> PROGRAMMING 47 > REGULATED DOMAIN 48 > USER SPACE DEFINITION 50 > ZONING 52 > COMPONENTS 54 > DRAWINGS 59 > FEEDBACK LOOP 60 > COMPONENTS 62 > DRAWINGS 66

> VISUALS

SAMUEL HIGGINS [ R E _ M A P ] 2012

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CONTEXT

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Croydon High Street

Site 51° 22′ 23.91″ N, 0° 4′ 57.65″ W Croydon town centre, located south of London.

Identification of an area amongst the Metropolitan District Centre, Croydon West Train Station, and croydon East Train Station.

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Brief PART B: >> MAKING URBAN SYSTEMS: PROTOTYPES & ASSEMBLIES MAKING A BRIDGE A piece of living and programmed infrastructure > to bridge conditions < and provide connective tissue with either the station, the city, or both.

Examine notions of scale, orientation, permutation and performance with regard to structure, spacial effect and environmental effects.

To become a research and design lab - exploring the role between design intentions and materiality.

Research and prototype materials.

Explore systems to develop pragmatic, component / manufacture led design.

Every component embodies the ideology of the scheme. Investigating relationships of materiality and components > defining systems by the organisation and combination of elements.

PRECEDENTS _ Foster+ Partners Smithsonian Institution. Washington DC _ Space Frame - Fremont Street. Las Vegas _ KowloonWalled City. Kowloon. Hong Kong _ Freetown Christiania. Copenhagen

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LOCATING THE BRIEF

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HIGH STREET > AS INFRASTRUCTURE LOCATING A SITE

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HIGH STREET > AS INFRASTRUCTURE Function “Retailing is essential to the vitality and viability of the centres in the Borough. It is a key function of a centre and its strength can affect the success of many other town centre activities.” *Croydon UPD Chapter 12 _ 12.31 _ p186

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HIGH STREET > AS INFRASTRUCTURE Retail Data was collected for analysis of the importance and position of retailing on Croydon High Street.

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Croydon Metropolitan Centre Area Action Plan DJ Background Paper 1: Economic Retail Assess ment - July 2007 2

3.24 Croydon Metropolitan Centre Area Action Plan Issues & Options Report - 2008 http://www.croydon.gov.uk/contents/departments/planningandregeneration/pdf/714181/issuesreport

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HIGH STREET > AS INFRASTRUCTURE Crime Data collection was done to assess the relationship between the High Street and reported crime. The High Street data was compared to that of two neighbouring streets, George Street & Church Street, to give a contextual basis for the information.

Source: Police Data http://www.police.uk/crime/?q=Croydon,%20Greater%20London,%20UK#crimetypes/2012-01

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HIGH STREET > AS PUBLIC DOMAIN Definition

“We define “public domain” as those places where an exchange between different social groups is possible and also actually occurs.”

In Search of New Public Domain NAi Publishers p11

Interpretation As an integral central and arterial consumer space in the heart of Croydon the everyday use of the High Street is a subject worth investigating as an area of potential public domain.

Consumerism Currently the High Street represents the physical manifestation of capitalist consumerism in Croydon. It is a landscape orientated around and articulated by consumption.

The “retail space” is defined by the base desires and requirements of (mostly) profit driven organisations and proliferated by a Unitary Development Plan which encourages further retail development and growth in the area. 3 On the High Street “Capitalism seemlessly occupies the horizons of the thinkable.”

The structuring of branding, signs, product displays, advertising boards et al. on every concievable profitable surface makes it easy to assume that “‘There is no alternative’.”

The negative impact of the irradication of public owned - public space is profound. There used to exist a thriving mixing area of communities on the High Street with varied interests, lifestyles and opinions. What remains is the postmodern void where facades which told a local vernacular history have been overlaid with an atemporal array of logos. The High Street becomes the place of “a detached spectatorialism,

replac(ing) engagement and involvement”4

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http://planning.croydon.gov.uk/UDPProposalsMap/written/cpt12.htm#sh4 4

Capitalist Realism, Mark Fisher.

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HIGH STREET > AS SURVEILLANCE Historically The High Street represented transactions of goods and services amongst members of the public. A local, sole retailer / producer sold directly to the community.

It was owned by the public and encouraged meetings of diverse groups of society - constituting a thriving area of public domain.

The law was enforced by the police and the mutual interests of the community as a whole.

Postmodernity / Late Capitalism The High Street is viewed through private, corporate glasses. The landscape is

profit and watched over by CCTV.”

“...owned by private corporations, designed for

Ground Control Anna Minton

All programmed space is governed by the corporations (and their cones of surveillance) which are in turn aided and perpetuated by policies and the police. Since they bear no direct relationship with the community they serve, there is a disjunction between the public and private. The space that is owned by private entities is their responsibility to govern and protect - and they use surveillance and other anti-crime measures to do this.

It could be argued that during the riots of 2011, a public disregard of privately governed space was shown to an extreme. Private entities in affected areas have used their surveillance and enforcement technology in the High Street to prosecute the offending public.

There is a power struggle being played out on the post-riot streets of Croydon. The High Street “...must

be controlled through total surveillance, comprehensive access management, preemptive arrests and strikes, and (...) high tech violence. If you are not with the global superpower in this, then you are against it.” 5 Surveillance is used as a tool for monitoring and controlling the public when they operate in the private domain.

Croydon council spent £5,329,589 on CCTV - the 5th highest amount in the UK - between 2007 and 2011.

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ME++, William J Mitchell p208 6

http://www.croydonguardian.co.uk/news/9545430.Croydon_pays_more_than___1m_on_CCTV/

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HIGH STREET > AS ACTORS Definition To understand the performative nature of the High Street the actors have been defined as follows...

The CO+ Consumer represents an informed user who is aware/actively engaged with the notions of surveillance and consumerism on the High Street.

The CO- Consumer represents an uninformed, disinterested user who does not care about latent issues on the High Street.

These generic types are too reductive to give a clear indication of accurate or bespoke user requirements. They will be used as a simplified classification system for large scale zoning of the scheme.

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HIGH STREET > AS RIOT ZONE Social The social structure and physical associations of the High Street have fundamentally changed after the 2011 riots in Croydon.

The pre-riot the High Street utilised surveillance so that the Police, National, and Local Retailers could (a) protect the Consumer and (b) enforce the law to combat Crminals and Disenfranchised Youths. (DCL - Daily Consumerist Life)

On the post-riot High Street surveillance is a tool for suspicion. Criminal, Disenfranchised Youths and the Consumer are no longer differentiated when corporations have been shown to be vulnerable to attack. (DSCL - Daily Surveilled Consumerist Life)

DCL

DSCL

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HIGH STREET > AS A BRIDGE Public Domain / Retail Space The project aims to re-invent the High Street as a zone where the polarities of the Public Domain and Retail Space can co-exist. There needs to be debate regarding control, ownership, surveillance, identity, security and choice (inclusion/exclusion). In City of Bits, William J Mitchell states that ...

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Once public and private spaces are distinguished from each other, they can begin to play complementary roles in urban life; a well-organised city needs both.â&#x20AC;? (p124) The opposing typologies of public and private on the High Street have been differentiated onto separate plains to create a tiered, bridged landscape.

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THE SITE > ABSTRACT

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THE SITE > FEATURES

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THE SITE > 3D SURVEILLANCE PROJECTIONS The surveilled zones on the High Street were assessed based on make/model, relative height and splay of the CCTV cameras found on the site.

Elevations

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W Physical Modelling

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THE SITE > NEGATIVE SPACE Casting Stone Plaster and Geoflex were poured to assess the residual space around the surveillance cameras on the High Street.

Stone Plaster casting had a high level of detail but the cast material was not suitable for the pouring.

Geoflex casting was successful, but had a low level of detail - the test represents the general space around a pair of cameras.

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THE SITE > FORM FINDING Cloth mesh in principle An architectural solution was sought to find an intervention into the the negative surveilled space.

Testing was done to develop an optimum form to occupy the negative space.

Using Revit and Nucleus a mesh grid is created. An intersecting object is placed. Using a physics engine, the optimum form is established. A grid is placed on the resulting plane. A parametric component is developed and applied to the model. It can then undergo Ecotect thermal and wind tunnel analysis in Vasari to make further design adjustments.

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THE SITE > FORM FINDING Cloth mesh in context The process is repeated using a denser grid over the site and intersecting parameters.

Site constraints - elevational attachment / fixing points and 3D cones of surveillance.

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Modelling A 3D print of the form was generated by the form finding process on the High Street.

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THE BRIDGE > DESIGN DECISIONS Making the form habitable The initial concept for the bridge broke the High Street into two simple tiers. However, the form that is generated by the intervention into negative surveillance space has complex geometry.

The Primary structure that has been developed would not be suitable for walking on and would certainly not comply with Part M DDA regulations. The myriad facets would constitute an unmanageable set of non-compliant surfaces.

A Secondary structure is proposed to rationalise the geometry of the Primary structure. This would be supported at junctions of the formâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s panels. This will allow compliant, manageable surfaces to be overlaid onto the structure in a flexible way. They may adjust over time - adapting and responding to future public requirements and the changing surveillance on the High Street.

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THE BRIDGE > DESIGN DECISIONS Defining a mesh There are multiple parametric mesh formations that can be appropriated and have been digitally tested for the Primary structure of the bridge all with varying efficiencies. To make the complex geometries required, a triangulated mesh would be most suitable, however this design would not be compatible with a rationalised Secondary structure.

A rectilinear mesh has been chosen to produce the Primary structure. This will allow a controllable, rational Secondary structure component design, with more predictable geometry. This will make the habitable zones of the bridge more efficient for future use, adaptation and redesign.

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THE BRIDGE > ADAPTABILITY Structure The bridge design documented so far is a representation of the space around a set of cameras at a fixed time. The bridge needs to be able to change over time to respond to the changing conditions of surveillance on the High Street.

Surveillance measures could be placed on the High Street after the construction of the bridge which enter the newly established public realm.

As structural support to the Primary structure, a line of hydraulic columns will be placed on the East and West of the bridge. They will enable the controlled redistribution of the bridgeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s form so that it becomes a contextually responsive structure, continually separating the privately hyperregulated from the public domain.

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THE BRIDGE > ADAPTABILITY Modelling A small concept model was made to illustrate the rectilinear mesh curving in three dimensions.

A 1:50 automata was created to illustrate the movement of the bridge when adapting to surveillance change on the High Street.

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS Junctions The component design is rectilinear. As a stationary form, this is a suitable model. However, as the structure moves, any junction on the Primary structure has to be moveable in three dimensions.

A ball and socket joint is employed at the junctions of every panel throughout the Primary structure mesh to allow the necessary rotational movement in three dimensions.

The ball and socket joints combined with the rectilinear mesh will restrict the movement of any given panel to a relatively small amount. Panel size is key to maximising movement and flexibility within the system.

Decreasing the panel size allows for more iterations in any given curve. The amount of movement in the two panel sizes above is the same, but the smaller panel component allows for more complex curves to be achieved, less potential overall movement on any joint and a more fluid design in terms of articulation and flexibility.

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS Telescopic supports to rationalise inconsistencies in plane between Primary & Secondary structures Secondary structure - Surface finished panels

Steel Primary structure Ball and socket jointed junctions Hydraulic columns

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS Modelling A 3D model was generated in Revit to detail the mechanismâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s compontent movement and panel design.

The junction size and design was reviewed as part of the whole bridge. The above plan shows the dimensions of the refined component system.

The Primary, Secondary and telescopic structure relationships were assesed using the 3D model. The instances were massed up to a suitable level to see the system as a unified combination of set components

The ball and socket combined junction areas were modelled to an accurate 1:1 level of detail, with steel thicknesses, plates and fixings.

Refinement and development in section allowed the model to be scaled to 1:5 for accurate 3D printing and further testing...

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3D Kinetic Junction Print

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS A

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B

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS Geometry rationalisation In order for an unpredictable Primary strucure and telescopic arm system to meet with a rationalised Secondary structure, the following design development was carried out...

A.

B.

A precedent was sought in adaptable geometric, reconfigurable systems. An aluminium exhibition display with a generic central structure and adaptable ball junctions was found.

The technology of the found precedent component was adapted into a 1:2 detailed model of the junction between the bridgeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s telescopic arms and Secondary structure.

The precedent allows the assembly of a generic kit of parts into complex 3D geometries.

The ball junction fitted an M10 bolt and a series of slight modifications allowed the component to be used at a relative scale.

The ball junctions are milled aluminium with a series of arrayed tapered thread holes. The long central pieces span between two ball junctions and the multiple positions of the threaded holes allow many different angled configurations to be rationally fixed.

The Secondary structuctural hollow steel section panel frames are mounted and bolted to the top of a generic octagonal plate. This is fixed into the variable ball component at the appropraite angle to rationalise the geometry with a quick assembly bolted system.

The multi-positional ball component is solidly fixed to a steel plate on the top of the telescopic arm system.

The model highlights the theoretical possibility of the system. It can be assumed that a refined and appropriately angled/scaled component would be developed and employed on the bridge structure.

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS Detailing Typical section through High Street wall - showing existing wall fixing and layered structural build-up.

Existing High Street structural wall

Existing floor plate

Existing elevation opening: fixing does not interefere - maintaining right to light of current occupants.

35mm steel plate for wall anchorage.

Steel section through existing wall where necessary.

Telescopic rationalising structure. c.50mm diameter CHS steel arms with aluminium decagon head component to allow Secondary structure fixing.

Hinged junction of Primary structure fixed to existing elevation to allow movement. Plate fixed to wall anchorage with bolts/rivets to engineerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spec.

Secondary structure panels. RHS steel 50mm box sections, in 8 generic panel sizes to allow structural congruency with telescopic arms below.

Surface finish, dimension corresponding to Secondary structural panel. Fixing to be confirmed relative to material type.

Box section 850mm centred Primary structure elements with nominal panel infill (see p30 for details).

Hydraulic structural column allowing vertical movement in areas of structure to engineerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spec.

Ball and socket central movement joint (see p30-31 for details).

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THE BRIDGE > PRINCIPLE + MATERIALITY MODELS

By User The materiality and surface treatments of the bridge and its structure have been developed using physical models at 1:20.

Model 1.

A handmade conceptual model was constructued of foamboard, card and balsawood to illustrate the structural principal of the Primary and Secondary systems. At 1:20 it represents 3(l)x1(w)x1(h)m.

The Primary structure has a rigid geometric base with square openings, able to take a number of panel treatments (glazed, meshed, solid).

There are intermediate supports that articulate the planar difference between Primary and Secondary structure.

The Secondary structure is shown as directly corresponding to the Primary structure below. This is re-designed in later models.

A nominal surface treatment is shown as timber decking (solid and slatted) as an indication of surface coverage.

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Model 2.

A 3(l)x2(w)x2.5(h)m 1:20 model was handmade from MDF sections, balsa wood and card.

It attempts to illustrate the independant behaviour of the Primary and Secondary structural planes with the intermediate application of a telescopic support. The surface plane does not have to be congruent with the structural plane.

The material condition represents the early stage of the main public - CO- user. It is a generically clad, uniform timber surface.

A _ Primary Structure - RHS STEEL

Deep steel sections (modelled as 200mm sections) for the main bridge structure. The panel openings are regular and square to allow for varied and replacable panel infills.

B _ Secondary Structure - RHS STEEL

Shallow sections (c.50x50mm) form the structural base for the Public Domain plane above. They are a range of lengths to make up the inconsistencies that would arise in dimension from an irregular and regular grid combination. Their generic attachments are plated 6mm thick steel with tapped M8 bolt fixings for ease of re/deconstruction.

C _ Telescopic Supports - CHS STEEL

c.50mm diameter. Two concentric hollow cylinders overlapping one another with a lockable pin junction with set parameter heights.

D _ Surface Treament - TIMBER DECKING

Sawn, treated softwood - screw fixed to secondary structure at appropriate centres. Continuous covered plane for occupation.

E _ Handrail Barrier -TIMBER

Softwood finish - consistent with surface decking. Variable infill to satisfy changing conditions.

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Model 3.

A 4(l)x2(w)x3(h)m 1:20 model was handmade from MDF sections, foamboard, acetate and card.

It illustrates the development of the material treatments in the DY/CR zones of the bridge.

The Primary, Secondary and telescopic support structures represented are the same concept as that of Model 2.

A _ Surface Treatment - CONCRETE FLOORING

Pre-stressed 150mm Hollowcore concrete flooring system, fixed directly to Secondary structure.

Hard wearing, low cost pannelling system. Suitable for graffiti / vandalism and subsequent reparations (as neccessary).

B _ Handrail Barrier - RHS STEEL

c.50x50mm sections for framing - bolted to the Secondary structure. Framing infill panels to be relative to local context similar in concept to that of the Primary structure (glazed, meshed, solid).

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Model 4.

A 4(l)x2(w)x3(h)m 1:20 model was handmade from MDF sections, foamboard and card.

It illustrates the development of the material treatments in the CO+ zones of the bridge.

The Primary, Secondary and telescopic support structures represented are the same concept as that of Model 2.

A _ Surface Treatment - CEMENTITIOUS PANELS

Black colour, externally treated fibre cement panels cut to modular panel sizes - fixed to timber battening support. System attached on top of Secondary stucture. Atypical High Street finish - blank, no reference to expense / quality / commerciality.

B _ Surface Treatment - CEMENTITIOUS + REFLECTIVE PANELS Black colour, externally treated fibre cement panels cut to modular panel sizes - fixed to timber battening support. + Polycarbonate sheeting / glazing units to create mirror effect finish.

Reflecting the surrounding bridge, the user and the sky above, the raised walls create a further sense of abstraction in terms of the bridgeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relationsihp with the High Street.

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Model 5.

A handmade conceptual model was constructued of MDF and laminated timber to illustrate the structural principal of the Primary and Secondary systems. At 1:20 it represents 3(l)x2(w)x0.1(h)m.

It was developed to graphically represent the central joints and junctions that would occur at the intersection of each panel. (See above section - The Bridge > Components - for full detailed development) Holes were bored through the central junction to indicate the position of the telescopic structure.

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MISC > COMPONENTS Parametric Panelling Testing in Revit was done to create a panel with a variable extrusion parameter - with a view to control the light/airflow/space associated with the bridge. This was abandonned in order to focus on a rationalised panel design which had material treatments that simply corresponded to a set of conditions.

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MISC > MODELS Systems & Combinations Handmade, small scale models were experimented with as an introduction to the project.

Generic components were tested to generate multiple variations for systems. This gave an initial model based approach to systems and the project in general.

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MISC > MODELS Components Timber was used to experiment with potential opening sizes and permeablility of components / panels. The development was not taken forward in the project, but was a useful introduction to material properties / limits.

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THE BRIDGE > PROGRAMMING Public Domain The Public Domain could be designed in two ways...

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THE BRIDGE > REGULATED DOMAIN The bridge layout and surface/structure conditions are governed by rules relating to user requirements and fixed environmental requirements. The resulting public domain has some predetermined regulations.

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THE BRIDGE > USER SPACE DEFINITION Zoning To provide a space which will constitute Public Domain - a place... â&#x20AC;&#x153;where an exchange between different social groups is possible and also actually occursâ&#x20AC;? - the previously identified user types have their requirements designed. This creates a set of spacial and surface conditions which can be appropraited along the bridge (see over for design).

Vistas for visibility / openness.

Level platforms.

Secure by Design parameters.

Lockable entrances.

Visually surveillable & controllable space.

Temporal Access.

Constant presence.

Help points.

Controlled daylighting levels.

Good quality of light.

Continued brand recognotion with bridge maintaining store and logo visibility.

Transparency.

Permeability.

Controlled daylighting levels.

Good quality of light.

Straighforward access.

Maintained presence / identity keeping existing familiar access for locals where possible.

Transparency.

Permeability.

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Retreat from the High Street - high walkway sides.

Sanctity from surveillance.

Detour from the everyday consumerist lifestyle.

Provide unique identity for Croydon.

Articulate the surveilled vs. the unsurveilled.

Embellish the public domain.

Addtional park area for Croydon town centre.

Recognisable street furniture.

Logical, quick links down to High Street & shops.

No need to articulate surveilled vs. unsurveilled.

Maintained visibilty with shops.

Straightforward, simple access.

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Vantage points for crime coordination.

No vistas.

Dark / unsurveilled.

Nooks for robberies, with labyrinth like layout.

Multiple escape routes.

Large areas out of sight.

No vistas.

Dark / unsurveilled.

Nooks for misbehaviour, with labyrinth like layout.

Multiple escape routes.

Zones which are easy to territorialise.

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THE BRIDGE > ZONING Private Rules GROUND

_A 1.8m wide pathway is preserved along the East and West of the High Street. This is the Highways Authority’s minimum recommended footpath dimension. (See. New Roads and Street Works Act 1991)

_National Retailers are assigned a 5m zone from the edge of their entrance frontages. All bridge elements in this zone will preserve lighting standards to the retailer’s requirements.

_Local Retailers are assigned a 3m zone from the edge of their entrance frontages. All bridge elements in this zone will preserve lighting standards to the retailer’s requirements.

_A designated zone of 5m along the East and West of the High Street is prioritsed for ventilation. All bridge elements in this zone will allow the free passage of air into the area below.

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Public Zoning BRIDGE

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS Panel Conditions Based on the High Street retail area below and the requirements of the users throughout the different zones of the bridge, there are three panel conditions which have been designed for the infill of the parametric mesh Primary structure. With the rotatble junctions of the design, every panel of the Primary structure is identical. The panel infills may be changed along the length of the bridge to reflect changing conditions.

Type A Glazed. The high end transparency state of the bridge will correspond to the areas with high retail value beneath (requiring high quality finishes and brand identity) and where the CO- public domain area is employed (for visibility and familiar High Street surface treatments).

Type B Meshed. The air flow zones of the bridge will relate to areas beneath the bridge where consistant air quality / ventilation is the only requirement (ie. no shops). It will be used where DY and CR users have their own zones in which they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to be seen in detail, but the general public - for safety reasons - want to know they are there.

Type C Solid. Where there are neither shops or dedicated requirements for ventilation, the Primary structure panels will have a solid infill. They will also be employed in CO+ zones where applicable.

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS Panel Zoning Based on the High Street functions / requirements below and the user requirements above, the panels of the Primary structure have been assigned the three panel types in their appropriate positions.

Type A Type B Type C

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THE BRIDGE > REGULATED DRAWINGS DOMAIN Plan

Reference Plan

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THE BRIDGE > REGULATED DOMAIN Elevations

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THE BRIDGE > FEEDBACK LOOP The surveilled and unsurveilled (regulated/unregulated) planes of the High Street are mutually dependant. Collections of safe consumers on the High Street underneath define the position of safe users of the Public Domain. When the conditions on the High Street change, they affect the zoning and layout of the Public Domain.

The two conditions rely on emergent behaviour and form a feedback loop, making the High Street (Private/Public) inherantly linked. This constitutes a community based notion of the ownership of space.

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS Panel Conditions Based on the High Street retail area below and the requirements of the users throughout the different zones of the bridge, there are three panel conditions which have been allowed for the infill of the parametric mesh Primary structure. With the rotatable junctions of the design, every panel of the Primary structure is identical. The panel infills may be changed along the length of the bridge to reflect changing conditions.

Type A Glazed. In the feedback loop state of the bridge, transparent panels within the Primary structure of the bridge are placed in accordance with the surveillance on the High Street. It is assumed that the consumer presence on the High Street can be guarenteed here (as it is the main existing safe zone), and therefore consumer eyes beneath will create a passively surveilled effect on the bridge domain above.

Type B Meshed. The air flow zones of the bridge will relate to the previously defined private rule - A designated zone of 5m along the East and West of the High Street is prioritsed for ventilation. All bridge elements in this zone will allow the free passage of air into the area below.

Type C Solid. All residual panels on the Primary structure which have not been programmed to correspond to types A or B will have a solid infill. These areas will define the zones provided for CR and DY Public Domain.

The surface geometries of these zones will be the resulting connections between the CO Public Domains and the Primary Structure.

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THE BRIDGE > COMPONENTS Panel Zoning To create a mutual feedback loop the areas where there is surveillance on the High Street define the areas of CO+ and CO- Public Domain on the bridge. Arterial routes between these surveilled islands are allowed to link the bridge access points (stairs/lifts) to the Public Domain.

Type A Type B Type C

THE BRIDGE > EMERGENT Plan

Reference Plan

THE BRIDGE > EMERGENT Elevations

+ 66

_ 11062308

THE BRIDGE > PRIVATE DOMAIN Appearance

SURVEILLANCE / PUBLIC DOMAIN

SURVEILLANCE / PUBLIC DOMAIN

THE BRIDGE > PRIVATE DOMAIN Latent Surveillance

_ 11062308

67 +

+ 68

_ 11062308

THE BRIDGE > PUBLIC DOMAIN

SURVEILLANCE / PUBLIC DOMAIN

SURVEILLANCE / PUBLIC DOMAIN

_ 11062308

69 +

+ 70

_ 11062308

THE BRIDGE > PUBLIC DOMAIN

SURVEILLANCE / PUBLIC DOMAIN

SURVEILLANCE / PUBLIC DOMAIN

_ 11062308

71 +