2018 05 UK by SoftSecrets

THE CANNABIS NEWSPAPER SINCE 1985

WWW.SOFTSECRETS.COM | ISSUE 5 - 2018

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British public backs legalisation of cannabis SO IT CAN BE SOLD LIKE CIGARETTES AND ALCOHOL, POLL REVEALS

RRY SENSI-STAR DELAHAZE PANDORA BELLADONNA WAPPA ALL

A majority of the British public back the legalisation of cannabis so that it would be

ment regulated market in the same way that alcohol and tobacco is”. Overall, 22 per cent strongly backed

bringing the proportion of those against it to 35 per cent, while 14 per cent did not know.

the move, while 29 per cent somewhat supported it, bringing total support to 51 per cent.

The respondents were then asked: “ To what extent would you support or oppose cannabis be decriminalised, so that it is still a controlled substance not available for sale on the market, but that it is not criminalised (i.e. no prosecution for possession)?”

sold in shops like alcohol and tobacco, a poll has revealed. There was also majority support for decriminalisation, something that would free up police time and resources to deal with serious crime.

Remo Chemo

The exclusive BMG Research poll for The Independent comes days after cannabis oil was for the first time brought into the UK legally, to treat an epileptic boy. But within hours of the landmark moment, a young girl was rushed into hospital and placed on life support while she awaited a licence to get the same oil. More than 1,500 people were asked if they supported or opposed the proposal that “cannabis be legalised, so that it is sold legally within a govern-

Some 19 per cent opposed the move strongly, and 16 per cent, somewhat,

Here support rose slightly, to 52 per cent overall – with 20 per cent strongly backing it and 32 per cent somewhat behind the idea.

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Some 17 per cent somewhat opposed the move, while 16 per cent strongly opposed it – total opposition of 33 per cent – and 16 per cent did not know.

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High profile figures have recently backed legalisation, including former Conservative leader and foreign secretary William Hague, who said his party should be “bold” in embracing a “decisive change that would be economically and socially beneficial”. Source: independent.co.uk

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EDITORIAL

TIME TO KICK THE TOBACCO HABIT At the end of November 2018, the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) are introducing a complete ban on the smoking of tobacco in all of their establishments, and this is very much to be welcomed. It is estimated that around 70% of male prisoners smoke, whereas in female prisoners the prevalence is estimated to be an alarming 95%. It is recognised that the move may lead to "disruption", as it is known that tobacco withdrawal is a real issue and in some cases can lead to displays of aggression. Therefore rather than having a prison full of smokers going cold turkey, the SPS have decided to take the bold step of offering all tobacco smokers free vaping kits ahead of the ban. This is a pragmatic move, and although there have been some grumbles regarding the cost to the taxpayer, it is very much agreed that the benefits by far outweigh the costs. According to the Global Drug Survey (GDS), 77% of cannabis users in the UK still mix it with tobacco and smoke it in joints (here in Scotland, the figure is a slightly higher 79%). This is bad for a number of reasons. While it is accepted that tobacco is very harmful, setting fire to anything and inhaling the smoke into your lungs is problematic, and that includes herbal cannabis alone. However, mixing it with tobacco results in the worst of both worlds, as the user introduces the carcinogens and toxins from both substances into their lungs. As mentioned earlier, another issue with smoking a tobacco and cannabis mix is that the habituation to the tobacco makes it very hard for users to quit. What results is, if you like, a primary dependence on tobacco and a secondary dependence on the cannabis. Many cannabis users find quitting - even for short periods of time - an unpleasant and sometimes near impossible undertaking. Exactly how many people in the UK use cannabis is unknown; there are a number of different survey results available but these can vary quite widely. Assuming 10% of the population would be 6.5 million people. If the GDS figure of 77% is accurate, then around 5 million of these will consume cannabis mixed with tobacco. That is far too high, and the potential long term health consequences are formidable, and economically draining. The British Medical Association agree that switching from smoking tobacco to vaping is a much less harmful alternative, and should be encouraged. Therefore it follows that switching from smoking weed to vaping it must have the same benefits. People who have already switched to vaping weed say that the effect is cleaner, smoother, better tasting and considerably cheaper (as they no longer have the expense of cigarettes to consider). The solution to this is not going to be easy or straightforward, as it is going to involve fundamentally changing cultural and social norms. That said, it has been shown to be effective over time: the campaign to "train" people into wearing seatbelts is one example, not drinking and driving is (arguably) another. However, for many people, the act of rolling and smoking a joint is a deeply ingrained, ritualised part of the process, and that's the social norm that needs to be changed. This is going to involve the various government bodies and agencies firstly recognising that people choose to use cannabis; secondly, treating this as a health rather than a criminal matter; thirdly, that users may should be encouraged to use in a less harmful way (in much the same way smokers have been encouraged to switch to e-cigarettes). Perhaps it's time to seriously consider adopting at least parts of the pragmatic SPS approach, and promote dry herb vaporizers as the healthy alternative. Allow them to be sold in stores next to e-cigarettes. Pushing the same old "abstinence is best agenda" clearly doesn't work. What is called for is "carrot" rather than "stick".

Dr. Dee

READERS@SOFTSECRETS.NL

SHOPREVIEW

NOT ONLY A REALLY, REALLY, REALLY GOOD TRIP Amsterdam now has a great new attraction: Hunt the Hunter’s. Visit all of the Hunter’s establishments and turn your trip to Amsterdam into an unforgettable journey. Every Hunter’s has its own atmosphere and it’s own specialities. You will find no fewer than ten branches in and around Amsterdam. The locations range from the infamous Warmoesstraat in the centre to an easily accessible spot along the highway in Amsterdam North. We even have a Hunter’s Coffee Shop in Haarlem and another location on the beach in Zandvoort. So make your trip to Amsterdam complete and visit all the Hunter’s, or, as we like to say: Hunt them all. A STONERS THROW AWAY

In Dutch, we have the same expression: where there’s smoke, there’s fire. But in Amsterdam we say: where there’s smoke, there’s a Hunter’s! You can find the Hunter’s coffee shops and smoker-friendly bars practically everywhere. If you arrive by train at Amsterdam Central, all you have to do is follow your nose and you will find the first Hunter’s literally just a stones

HUNTER’S IS NOT FOR PUSSIES throw away. Here, in the world-famous Red Light District, you will find Hunter’s Bar on the historic Warmoesstraat. This is the ideal way to start your trip to Amsterdam. Hunter’s Bar is smoker-friendly and has everything you need for a relaxed beginning of your hunt the Hunter’s tour.

HUNT THE NEW HUNTER’S

Within walking distance of the Warmoesstraat you will find two more Hunter’s on Oudezijds Voorburgwal. No only handy because you can immediately cross two Hunter’s off your list, but also because Hunter’s combines two things here that visitors to Amsterdam won’t

want to miss: a coffee shop and a smokerfriendly bar. This makes the Hunter’s on Oudezijds Voorburgwal a place where you can enjoy music and drinks with like-minded people who like to relax. And this is only a short stroll away. Just like the Hunter’s Bar on Utrechtse straat, around the corner from Rembrandtplein.

HUNT THE SPORTS BAR

If you like sports, this Hunter’s should definitely be on your list: this is the biggest smoker-friendly sports bar in the world! Located on Reguliersdwarsstraat, you can come here to watch sports, experience sports and inhale the stimulating atmosphere. This sports bar offers all kinds of sports on a multitude of screens. You can also chill out and shoot a little game of pool at one of our many pool tables. And, if you feel up to it, why not wager the journey out to Amsterdam North. Here, you will find several more Hunter’s establishments. A little further outside the centre and little off the beaten path.

HUNT ON A HIGH WAY

After all these visits to the coffee shops and smoker-friendly bars of Hunters, there must be plenty of people who are already high-in-the-sky as they head home. But the real adventurers and die-

hards, continue their Hunt along the highway to Haarlem. It’s quite a trip for tourists coming from the heart of Amsterdam, but the Hunter’s in Haarlem marks the end of the long tour of all the locations. It

this famed spot smack in the middle of Amsterdam’s Red Light District, surrounded by all those pussycats, a dog named Hunter marked his territory with a well-aimed squirt against the facade.

is the last stop before coming to your ultimate reward, namely, our most unique Hunter’s location situated on the beach in Zandvoort, also fondly referred to as Amsterdam Beach. Here, you can enjoy the fresh sea air as you recover from your grand tour of all the Hunter’s.

The owner of the dog decided then and there that this was a good spot to open the world’s first Hunter’s Coffee Shop. Since then, Hunter’s has expanded its territory and you will find the famous dog logo everywhere you go in Amsterdam, Haarlem and Zandvoort.

HUNTER’S IS NOT FOR PUSSIES

If you would like to know more about Hunter’s, have a look on www.hunters-coffeeshop.com or follow Hunter’s on Facebook.

The story of Hunter’s all began in 1985 on the well-known Warmoesstraat. In

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Top Shelf - Connoisseur What makes the difference between good and great, is not just the genetics, but the grower. There is a reason why the Silver Haze and many other famous strains in Amsterdam were so consistent and dialed in because the growers knew the strains inside out.

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The cannabis industry is thriving more than ever before, and with so many varieties and with such influence from social media, knowing what you are actually smoking is the difference between buying schwag and top shelf flower. Below are some points on what to consider next time you inspect cannabis flowers from a coffee shop in Amsterdam, social club in Barcelona or Locally. Which category do you fall into and how well do you know your stuff? Low-Grade Schwag Cheap and Cheerful There are levels to everything in life, and low-grade cannabis is undoubtedly bottom. The characteristics of poor quality cannabis can be a leafy trim job, stalky and twiggy flowers, seeded buds, almost no aroma bordering on the smell of dead wood, a dark, old appearance in colour, the size of the buds, bag appeal, and finally the effect. Once smoked the experience will be harsh and most likely a pride-swallowing siege. Low-grade schwag buds are low in THC and have little effect. They will be poorly grown, and the terpenes and trichome production will represent this. The drying out process will be rushed, and if the flower in question is too wet, or so dry it turns to dust within your fingers, then this is usually a sign of a lousy bud. This all sounds characteristic of a nightmare scenario a true connoisseur may face when on holiday, and is prepared to bite the bullet and invest in some homegrown, typically outdoor garbage. The cost may be around five euro, and that is

At the top level, the flowers I speak of are usually grown out dependant on phenotype and grown by a professional grower. A high level of knowledge regarding organics or advanced hydroponics will come into play. The trichome production will be at a maximum with long-standing necks on the glistening trichomes. Calyxes will swell to such a degree there is biomass and small foxtails. Of course, not every strain will be like this structure wise, yet the flower will appear completely developed and fully ripe. The terpenes that are emitted from a dry flower, down to the taste should smell like nothing you have ever experienced before, and the flavour will be a lip licking, wet sensation that coats the mouth with new found feeling. Expect to pay between 15-30 euro a gram in social clubs and coffee shops, but here you will see all of the latest strains such as Cookies, Cherry Pie, Pie Hoe, Chem Cookies, Glue hybrids, Tangie Land and many of the more relevant industry hype strains. The quality will be 10/10 and be often be assured of a curing period before being purchased. Seeds found inside of these flowers are considered a worthy keep! True connoisseurs know precisely what to look for and if the flower in question, stands the test by appearance. Even the way top shelf nugs are handled and served up are advanced. They will often come in branded screw-top jars. Don't get confused with the PGR buds that are flooding in from California for an extortionate price, which is creating a rip off culture on social media platforms. High-

with the dealer making a healthy profit. Expect the ash to be black and the seeds found inside to be worthless also. You can identify low-quality buds immediately and will stand out a mile away jammed in a plastic baggie, or wrap of foil. These are usually all the call signs of a cheap and cheerful dealer, so next time you get served a bag of Schwagnesia Haze, think about the above points!

A big part is down to genetics as well as the grower. The customer will usually be someone who is well indulged in the cannabis scene, yet is not considered an industry person. As far as being picky and hunting for specific flavours or phenotypes, medium grade cannabis can be found in most coffee shops, social clubs and locally.

Medium Grade Cannabis - Cannabis Enthusiast

YOU CAN IDENTIFY LOW-QUALITY BUDS IMMEDIATELY AND WILL STAND OUT A MILE AWAY JAMMED IN A PLASTIC BAGGIE, OR WRAP OF FOIL

This is the level of cannabis that 75% of the smokers across the world are used to. When they get stung with some garbage low grade, they try their best to put that experience behind them and bask in the ambiance of the more commercially accepted flowers. Medium grade cannabis can have a good bag appeal, with a neat trim job, impressive aromas and have a decent size of biomass. There are not many downsides to medium grade flowers as the flavours and terps will come through strong; however, they do lack that finesses that the world famous breeders from Europe and California can produce.

These flowers can usually be purchased for 7 - 10 euro and will cover genetics such as Northern Lights, Skunk, Lemon Skunk, Chocolope, Amnesia, Cheese, Afghan Kush, Critical, White Widow and varieties of commercial sense. As most are used to a flower that is at best an 8/10, when they come across the absolute best of the best, they soon realise that there are levels to genetics, growing,

grade buds will have been meticulously trimmed and every sugar leaf saved for a priceless bubble run or extraction. Good luck investing in the best, tastiest, organic flowers possible. Always check twice and never be afraid to turn down schwag! Peace Out

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THE MIXED BLESSING OF MEDICALISED CANNABIS The UK seems on the cusp of a "quiet" revolution, as it looks as though "cannabis derived medicinal products" are going to be made available (as per Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs recommendations). For anyone unable to read between the lines, this is not all that it may seem to be. Allow me to help clear up any misunderstandings you may have. As many of you reading this will already know, cannabis currently sits in Schedule 1 of the Misuse of Drugs Act, meaning that it's considered by the law and the lame duck Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) to have absolutely no medical benefit or effectiveness whatsoever, a position which is indisputably a nonsense. In this respect, cannabis is placed alongside other substances such as LSD and MDMA, both of which are currently being found to have some quite significant medical benefits and effectiveness. It seems that what is being proposed is to move specific - to use the ACMD's own term - "cannabis derived medicinal products" from Schedule 1 to Schedule 2. The wording of this is important and significant; what they're talking about are cannabis derived products as opposed to cannabis itself, and what will result in is a very much double edged sword. On the one hand, it will mean that a limited range of cannabis derived (rather than cannabis) products will be available for those who require them, such as children with particularly severe forms of epilepsy, and of course this is to be welcomed, albeit with caution. But on the other hand, there are a whole lot of problems, both potential and actual. One of these is going to be the cost to the NHS. Sativex apparently costs £375 a month, so £4.5K a year per person (possibly

Dr Dee

going up depending on individual needs). An acquaintance of mine was recently telling me how he had asked his GP about it, to be told that it's too expensive. He looked into the possibility of a private prescription, but this was going to be closer to £600 a month, or around £7K a year.

lethal substances, when we all know that it's not. Okay, so there's still a question mark over cannabis dependence, though personally I'm highly sceptical. But as for fatal overdose? Come off it. They'll be trotting out the old "gateway to using other drugs" chestnut next.

medicinally will continue to be regarded as criminals in the eyes of the law. It's all sleight of hand, smoke and mirrors, on the part of the government: give people what they think they want. We have the knowhow to grow strains of cannabis aimed at specific health

Another issue is that other Schedule 2 drugs include heroin and cocaine. These aren't Schedule 1 because they have proven medical benefit, but they are also dangerous, having a very high potential for dependence and/or fatal overdose. This quite correctly means that there are very strict rule governing their storage and administration. It just seems perverse to me that cannabis is being classed along with potentially

Anyhow, the point is that many chemists and pharmacies don't keep supplies of heroin or coke because of all the red tape and paperwork hassles attached, and so it's not unreasonable to make the assumption that they'll take the same view of "cannabis derived medicinal products". The last problem with all of this I'm going to mention is, for me, the most significant: people who use the cannabis plant

requirements. If what's required is, say, equal ratio THC and CBD, with a particular amount of CBG in the mix, it can be done, at home, and all for a few quid an ounce. And that's the crux of the thing right there: while free access to cannabis is great for the population at large, it's very bad for the vested interests who continue to profit from illness.

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TOP TIPS ON THE ROOT ZONE Growing Cannabis is not always about what you can see above the growing medium, however understanding what is making all that magic above happen in the first place. Below are my top tips on roots and how to get the most out of your plants. By Stoney Tark / Photos courtesy of Mr. José

ROOT BOUND IS NOT GOOD

It is very important to know that root bound plants are not a good thing. This means when the roots of a plant spiral around and begin to grow in the shape of the pot. It may seem impressive, however the plants are restricted in the way they will grow and most importantly utilise nutrients. Even if you have achieved the healthiest,

pockets to your growing medium, especially at the wettest point where weight can cause root development to cease and even cause anaerobic bacteria to infect your roots. Air pockets will also keep the growing medium oxygen rich which is something that plant roots need, as much as they do water. I personally would recommend adding between 25% - 50% perlite to the overall mix you have. Perlite

ROOTS WILL GROW CLEAN WHITE AND ANY BROWN STAINED ROOTS, OR OLD DEAD ROOTS WILL BE BROKEN DOWN BY THE ENZYMES. whitest roots and even use beneficial bacteria, root bound is not good and when transplanting, the roots should be pulled apart and pruned with a clean pair of scissors to encourage new root growth, which is not restricted in its surroundings.

AIR POCKETS ARE ESSENTIAL

One great tip is to use perlite to add air

is cheap and has excellent water retention abilities, meaning it will dry the growing medium out much faster, avoiding chances of waterlogged issues occurring later on.

BENEFICIAL BACTERIA AND MYCELIUM

Deep in the soil, is an advanced network of aerobic bacteria that will help the plant.

Mycelium is a type of fungus that breaks down plant matter and benefits the host in the same way as bacteria. These can be naturally found in soil, but what is a great way to source your own microbes and fungus without paying over the odds, is to go to your local forest and simply remove the top 3 inches of the floor around old trees. This will be extremely rich in nutrients as well as the same microorganisms that reside in the healthy, vibrant forest you have taken it from. By mixing it in with your current blend of coco and worm castings, will make your soil supercharged and create a thriving soil culture.

USE ENZYMES

Enzymes are a great way to speed up the buffering process in the organic medium.

Roots will grow clean white and any brown stained roots, or old dead roots will be broken down by the enzymes. I find enzymes are one of the most helpful things when dealing with organics, as they can speed up the metabolism of the plant, the same way we rely on enzymes to break down food in our digestive system. A good tip is to source as many different enzymes as possible, to increase the overall number of enzymes the plants receive.

MAKE FABRIC POTS OR ADD HOLES

One instant way to avoid root bound plants is to either buy or make your own from fabric. Felt works the best and a thick felt will have a longer sustainability than thin felt. The reason why felt is used is because air can pass through, so roots growing within a felt pot can be exposed to air. This is a good thing as air pruning occurs naturally and will encourage roots to grow outwards as opposed to downwards looking for the closest point of air. Adding holes to plastic pots is also a cheap alternative to buying air pruned pots, and as long as the roots have a breathable environment, then the structure of the root ball will form differently to when in a conventional plastic pot.

USE SEAWEED

The use of a seaweed based product from seedling will add natural growth hormones auxin, cytokinins, betaines and gibberellins. found inside. As well as this helpful push from Mother Nature, seaweed is packed full of micronutrients, vitamins and many benefits as a soil drench and as a liquid tonic for the beneficial bacteria and fungi present. As a liquid product or as a hard flake, using this nutrient throughout the growing cycle will dramatically improve vigour and plant health. Good luck growing some wild roots and giving your plants the best start possible. Peace Out!

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STRAIN REPORT

MOBY DICK CBD A gentle green killer whale with healing powers

Dinafem‘s famous Moby Dick strain hit the market 2005 and ever since then has been one of the big flagships of Spain’s leading seed company. That has been showered with awards, unsurprisingly – what else than a real smasher should have resulted from crossing top-notch White Widow and Haze genetics? By Green Born Identity – G.B.I. Moby Dick has achieved iconic status, so it was an obvious option to breed more versions of it. One of these is Moby Dick CBD, for the creation of which a CBD-rich parental plant from the CBD Crew was used. When breeding this CBD variant of Moby Dick, the Dinafem breeders had the worldwide increasing number of medical growers and patients in mind of course, but also wanted to give recreational cannabis users and gardeners with a lower THC tolerance the chance to enjoy the pleasures and advantages of this premium cannabis variety. Namely its extreme productivity – growers get flooded with dense resinous buds – great pest and mold resistance, plus an exquisite intense scent and taste with hints of lemon, cedar, incense and other spices. Due to its dominant sativa heritage (60%), this plant has fairly wide internodes and narrow shade leaves which makes for good air circulation and thus unhindered evaporation of transpired humidity. Which, in turn, makes it difficult for fungal spores to settle. Moby Dick CBD, accordingly, is a good choice for outdoor cultivation as well, even in cold and humid climates. Being the monster that she is, she has a big appetite and generally requires above-average doses of fertilizer. However, one should closely examine every individual plant and then decide whether it really needs more. When grown indoors, to avoid space issues one should remember that she is a sativa dominant plant with a strong instinct to stretch both horizontally and vertically during flowering. After about 70 days of flowering, growers can look forward to potentially huge yields of up to 650g per square metre (outdoors, 600-900g per plant can be accomplished). Moby Dick CBD has a THC/CBD ratio of 1:2, containing 5% THC and 10% CBD on the average – plenty of CBD and a considerably reduced amount of THC. Which means that the anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, antidepressant and antioxidant properties of CBD should be very well pronounced in this strain. While its THCderived psychoactivity is attenuated, it’s still strong enough to deliver a nice lucid sativa sensation that finishes off with pleasant physical relaxation. It was highly experienced master grower Ellis D. who gave Moby Dick CBD a trial grow, together with Cheese CBD (also from Dinafem). He germinated two feminised seeds and it took them less than 2.5 days to vigorously break

17 through the seedling soil’s surface and take a first bath in the LED light. After one week, Ellis D. repotted them into 11 litre containers. The seedlings had three weeks to grow vegetatively and they used this period to produce many robust side branches. Leaf colour was dark green with both plants, but one of them exhibited wider leaves than the other and, fittingly, also a more bushy growth pattern. They were 30 and 39cm tall when Ellis D. switched them to flowering. The plants quickly responded to the change of the light cycle, already after six days Ellis D. detected initial female flowering. Ten days later, the shoot tips looked densely filled, bud formation was picking up pace. After four weeks of flowering, Ellis D. wrote into his grow diary “stem elongation was as strong as expected, with a more than doubled height. Moby Dick CBD is about to fulfill the promise of being a true flowering machine as the clusters the plants have formed so far are enormously voluminous, raising expectations of thick juicy buds ahead. And this not only on top of, but throughout the entire branches. Also, on the calyxes and flower leaves some beautifully glistening initial trichome frost has appeared, indicating the strain’s White Widow genes.” The two plants were seven weeks into flowering, when Ellis D. reported “Yessss! This blooming performance really enthralls me. Just like in the manner of the regular Moby Dick strain, my two CBD plants are forming massive flower clumps that make my heart leap for joy. While they resemble each other a lot, there are small differences – one of them has remained more compact and lower in height because of shorter internodes, and its flower hairs are longer which gives the buds a ‘wilder’ look. Furthermore it seems as if she’s going to become even more resinous than her sticky sister.” The somewhat smaller plant with a final height of 68cm had matured after 67 days and in the end presented itself in a drop-dead gorgeous multi-layer resin coat that brought back memories of White Widow. The second specimen, grown to a height of 82cm, needed five days more. Its resin gland blanket was very appealing, too, but not as lavish as with the other plant. In terms of smell, there was hardly any difference, with the buds of both plants exuding a highly aromatic fragrance the bouquet of which displayed both spicy and fruity notes. Weighing the dried buds revealed that with 69 and 80 grams, the dry harvest outcome of both plants was almost identical to their centimetre figures. Thanks to slight fermentation, Ellis D. could more finely differentiate the aroma now, it had a strong nose of incense and a tinge of cinnamon, plus

a spritz of citrus – “a quite contrary, but the more so captivating combination of aromas”, commented Ellis D. To test the medicinal effects of Moby Dick CBD, he gave a couple of grams to a 58-years old acquaintance suffering from latediagnosed, moderately severe adult ADHD. Every now and then, that guy had discontinued taking the Medikinet pills prescribed to him and tried to do without, but after a while had to realise that he couldn’t get along without medication. Never had he used cannabis in his life and now wanted to find out whether CBD weed in the form of Moby Dick CBD could be an alternative for him. Three times a day he took 2-3 deep vaporizer hits. He easily got used to the slightly psychoactive effect and happily noticed that his symptomatology rapidly improved: “I feel more relaxed and at the same time more focused, my way of thinking is more structured, it’s easier to concentrate on things. Also important, my strong impulsivity has more or less gone, now I keep cool when feeling bothered by other people and don’t start a quarrel immediately. Which makes me way more socially acceptable! Another big improvement is that I don’t wake up at night that often any longer, and if it happens, I fall asleep again faster, in case of need by means of one or two vaporizer hits. Well, things are going amazingly well so far and I hope that I can stick to this herbal alternative practically free from side effects.” Ellis D. himself liked the mellow sativa buzz provided by Moby Dick CBD a lot, as he reported: “This weed makes me active and enterprising, it’s moodboosting without clouding my mind. That stimulative effect naturally doesn’t

last too long, but for me, it doesn’t have to because I use Moby Dick CBD as an activator, for example when I have to clean up my flat and can hardly bring myself to do so. But it basically enhances all kind of activities. And since this marijuana also is a true delicacy with its sweetish multi-spice flavour, it’s a special treat to snack on at home

or on the go. In conclusion, without a doubt this sublime CBD strain is on a level with its famous mother strain. Moby Dick CBD has proven to be a gentle green killer whale with healing powers that came swimming my way on a big wave of flowers.” Green Born Identity – G.B.I.

Cultivation data: Genetics

Moby Dick CBD (White Widow x Haze)

Vegetative stage

3 weeks (after germination)

Flowering stage

67 and 72 days, 70 days in general

Medium

Compo potting soil, 11 litre pots

6.4-6.7

1.2–1.8 mS

Light

seedling stage: 2x SANlight M30 = 55 watts vegetative stage: 1x SANlight S4W = 140 watts flowering stage: 2x SANlight S4W = 280 watts

Temperature

18-28°C

Air humidity

40-60%

Watering

manually

Fertilisation

Organic Bloom Liquid from Green Buzz Liquids

Additives/stimulants

More Roots, Humin Säure Plus, Big Fruits and Clean Fruits from Green Buzz Liquids

Height

68 and 82 cm

Yield

69 and 80 g

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GROW WITH RICH HAMILTON

VEGAN GROWING The rise of Vegan marihuana

"Organic" means working with nature rather than against it, practicing sustainable management of your growing and surrounding environment. It is also beneficial to health considering that there are almost 300 pesticides routinely used in non-organic farming and growing, traces of which can all be found in non-organic food. Have you however, heard of "Veganic" growing? By Rich Hamilton / Photos courtesy of Dinafem Vegan weed is grown using a plant nutrition range containing no synthetic fertilisers or pesticides and also no ingredients derived from animals such as bone meal, fish hydrolyse, blood meal or guano. It is pure plant-onplant action. It is taking Organic to the next level and has begun appearing on the shelves of many dispensaries in Canada and the USA. The demand for Vegan weed is growing on a par with the demand for dairy free, sugar free, gluten free or nut free edibles. People

grow in. In nature plants are exposed to very little animal matter, mostly limited to the decaying insects in the soil. In no way are they exposed to the levels of animal product that are contained within generic organic fertilisers, so your plants will definitely not be missing out by using Veganic nutrients Animal matter in fertiliser can have a negative effect on your crop. Residue from animal products breaks down very slowly in cannabis, leaving a residue

nutrient companies who may not be listing all their ingredients, growers themselves who add extra sprays and products to increase yield and of course from the animal products present in the feed. Animal excrement as used in fertiliser is full of whatever the animal was exposed to and/or ingested, including hormones, pesticides and antibiotics to name but a few things. All of this has an effect on your finished products quality and taste. Veganic weed can be up to 1000 times

VEGAN WEED IS GROWN USING A PLANT NUTRITION RANGE CONTAINING NO SYNTHETIC FERTILISERS OR PESTICIDES AND ALSO NO INGREDIENTS DERIVED FROM ANIMALS SUCH AS BONE MEAL, FISH HYDROLYSE, BLOOD MEAL OR GUANO

The build up of residues In the plants also has a negative effect on soil pH, effecting your plants if you do not keep good pH management standards. Veganic growing methods in contrast, require no pH management, naturally maintaining a balanced healthier ecosystem for your plants, between pH 5.5 - 7.0. You may only need to adjust pH slightly during the flowering phase at the mid way point. When feeding is at its heaviest and you may see the pH dip toward the lower end of the accepted scale (5.5) Soil is the key with Veganics. Just like with Organics, it's best to use a soil or soil mix. Soil holds a lot of moisture, drains well and has a certain level of naturally occurring nutrients meaning that it can provide some of the nutrients needed for at the least the first few weeks. Soil will also have a batch of fungi and bacteria teeming around it already which is just what you want. A "potting mix" rich in the end result of decaying matter such as leaves and grass clippings etc. is a good choice as it is packed full of beneficial microbes which will help the bioavailability of the soil to reach as close to 100% as possible. The bioavailability of the soil is a measure of the amount of ingestible nutrient that is present and available to be taken up by the plants root system. Non organic/non vegan nutrients are already soluble and ready to be taken up by the plant straight away. Organic and

want a product that will fit in with their lifestyle with no compromise, where they do not have to stray from their dietary or moral paths to indulge their tastes? These plant nutrition ranges are being used not only by vegans, but also by non-vegans who simply believe that using fully plant based nutrition produces the best plants possible Of course there are some who argue that you can never class anything grown in indoor artificial conditions as organic as its a contradiction of the environment.. Which is anything but organic! This same argument stands with Veganics and a vegan lifestyle in general. If you go far enough down the rabbit hole you will come across something that contradicts what you stand for, for example.. What are your tents or pots made out of? Are there any animal products in the adhesives, plastics or packaging that your equipment comes in? The list goes on. Most people however will accept that in today's world, you can only do as much as is in your control and that doing something is better than doing nothing! You are still making a difference as far as humanly possible and that's the thing to remember if you choose to grow Veganically! Vegan growing techniques come closest to mimicking the natural conditions and environment that plants would normally

that remains long after the plant has metabolised the nutrients. This residue, in the form of heavy metals is impossible to completely flush as they are stored in the plants as salts. The residues come from various sources including, some

lower in its heavy metal content than the highest quality organic produce. Veganic advocates preach that vegan weed is the cleanest, most potent weed that you can grow or smoke and the closest version possible to naturally grown cannabis.

Veganic nutrients however need help to be broken down into a soluble form and so the plants are relying totally on there being enough beneficial microbes/bacteria present in the soil to break down the decaying plant matter (nutrients)

21 The goal with Vegan growing is to keep the soil full of beneficial bacteria in an effort to create a densely packed thriving hotbed of bacteria and fungi, creating a bustling environment where all nutrients can be quickly converted into a soluble form. The only thing left after the plant

multiply quickly, creating a rich microbial solution. A good vegan compost contains any and all "green waste". A good shovel full from the bottom of your compost bin where the material has really broken down is perfect. Apply compost tea to your plants regularly.

more time and energy for the creation of volatile oils and terpenes. Hence why vegan weed generally has a higher terpene content. Likewise in terms of active cannabinoids, It is not uncommon to see vegan strains with over 20% THC and over 10% CBD. The 2016 High Times can-

VEGAN GROWING TECHNIQUES COME CLOSEST TO MIMICKING THE NATURAL CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT THAT PLANTS WOULD NORMALLY GROW IN. has metabolised the nutrients is complex carbohydrates, which are then used to feed the microbes in the soil, continuing the cycle! Non vegan nutrients can have absorption rates as low as 20-25%. The Veganic method aims for 100%, resulting in a boost in yield and a quality and flavour that many say cannot be matched. Many converts will tell you that the results are so good that once you try Veganics you will not go back.

I recommend brewing it with the aeration line for 3-7 days. The microbes will die off quickly once the air line is removed so try to keep the tea aerated right up until you are about to use it. I cannot stress enough how important it is to try and keep the soil as busy with beneficial bacteria as possible, it is the only way that you can be sure that everything you are feeding your plants is fully bio-available all of the time.

nabis cup winner was a vegan strain with a huge 13% CBD content and there is a Veganic Platinum Cookies strain which hits 22% on THC! This isn't a fluke either, Veganics Guru and cannabis cultivator Kyle Kushman has won 13 Cannabis cup titles for his incredibly smooth and potent "Strawberry Cough" strain! And you just can't argue with stats like that. Veganic weed is also the most eco friendly form of indoor cultivation. At present

Veganic is more than the next big growing trend, it produces real results with minimum input. As the cannabis market expands rapidly Veganic methods are gaining in popularity with growers who want healthier cannabis, a more flavourful flower and a higher yield. All of which is made possible by the close imitation of the natural growing environment and conditions of cannabis.

not much can be done to lessen the amount of energy used for indoor growing and therefore the removing of any animal products from the equation is an easy yet significant way to reduce the impact of cannabis growing on the planet in another way.

2-5 parts per million, whereas Veganic weed comes in at more like 200-600 parts per billion, over 100 times less! Some people are very sensitive to contaminants, even at low levels. It may be a reaction exacerbated by an existing health condition or it could just be a random intolerance but levels of heavy metals can cause headaches, nausea and exaggerate conditions such a crohns disease or even some forms of autism. It is easy to see from all this evidence that there really is a strong argument for at least trying out Veganics. It has everything going for it. Healthier plants, healthier you, bigger yields, more flavourful, more potent effects. Not to mention its Eco-friendly nature or its complimentary medical position. With the market ever growing and expanding there is increasing demand for a more diverse choice of cannabis that is cleaner, sustainably sourced, animal free, purer for medicinal use and transparent and traceable in terms of its background. I do believe therefore that it won't be long before Veganics is adopted by many

There are many vegan nutrient feed ranges out there that when used alongside mycorrhizae products will give your plants a boost of beneficial bacteria that will help to create an environment offering as close to 100% bioavailability as you can get. There is a vegan version of just about anything from your basic "grow" "bloom" and "flower" to additives, boosters and flushes. The plant's needs are fully considered at all stages with nitrogen-rich plant matter such as alfalfa cotton seed and soya meal for vegetating plants and plentiful amounts of phosphorous and potassium in the form of potash, rock phosphate and wood ash made available for the flowering phase. Other vegan friendly additives include Humic acid, to assist with nutrient uptake, Cal-Mag for high yields, and enzymes for conditioning and regeneration of new roots and recycling of dead roots. Get all this right and you will be on your way to Veganic utopia. Really pump up your soils bioavailability by trying compost tea which in its simplest form is what you get if you soak a porous bag of compost in a bucket of water. Nutrients are transferred to the water, leaving you with a liquid "tea" containing all the fertilisers goodness. Compost tea helps to increase the amount of nutrients available for the plant to take up, it also speeds up the breakdown of toxins and increases nutritional quality and flavour. It is the perfect way to introduce a vegan nutrient feed to your plants and to try and push your soil to 100% bioavailability. To make compost tea, dilute your compost mix in water and force out the microbial life by adding an air line and aerating the mixture. This makes the micro-organisms comprising of good bacteria, fungi, Protozoa and nematodes

Veganic weed is potent in hit and aroma, due to how easily the nutrients are metabolised by the plant which gives

When it comes to medical cannabis,the quality and pure make up of vegan weed is unparalleled. It is the perfect product to be used as a medicine as it is so clean. Non vegan weed can contain contaminants (heavy metals) at levels of around

more as their preferred growing method and herb of choice regardless as to whether they are practicing vegans in everyday life or not. The higher demand will no doubt push creativity forwards and we will begin to see a wider range of vegan products available, as in the end isn't it all about trying to grow the best plants that are beneficial to you and your environment in all ways?

SEED BANKS

TricomaTeam (tricomateam@gmail.com)

Sweet Afghani Deliciuos S1 (S.A.D.) is an easy-to-grow, mainly indica strain. Its medium size and resistance to fungi and insects, and the opportunity to rapidly harvest enormous and dense buds in only a few weeks make it suitable for both indoor and outdoor growing.

S.A.D. (Sweet Afghani Delicious)

When we did so, the first radicle appeared in little less than two days. We then transferred the seeds to pots of little less than one litre, filled with a quite light substrate, where they remained two weeks. We added a root booster in the early watering cycles.

with big branches and wide green leaves. Roughly one month after germination, plants had developed their early pistils. When then reached a suitable size, we moved them to the flowering room, where we changed the photoperiod to 12 hours of darkness.

We then moved the plants to pots of six and eleven litres, filled with a nutrient-

FLOWERING

THE BIG DWARF Sweet Afghani Delicious S1 is a fantastic feminised photoperiod seed released from Sweet Seeds. S.A.D. has all the qualities of champions, which won it numerous cannabis cups both in Spain and worldwide.

Internodes are very short, which favours the formation of large flowers. After reducing light hours, we started supplying a specific fertiliser for this phase, when plants developed their first clusters of flowers. Many of the pistils took on an orange colour and buds rapidly reached a spectacular size. On top of them, we also noticed a white, sticky resin cover.

It was produced from the self-pollination of one of its strongest and most aromatic mothers, a Black Domina selected in 1998. This highly homogeneous 90% Indica strain has THC levels of 15 to 20% and CBD levels of around 1.8%.

Unlike other plants, S.A.D. S1 does not release a pungent smell when it is raw and green. Two weeks after harvest, we washed the roots to avoid traces of fertiliser residues in the final product. At the end of flowering, we noticed a very compact plant, with a distinctively long and big central bud and dense flowers at the end of each branch.

It is very easy to grow and resists diseases and plagues. It perfectly adapts to any

IT HAS THC LEVELS OF 15 TO 20% growing style such as SOG or SCROG. Its size is quite small, making it suitable for indoor growing, where space is limited. It grows in a Christmas tree shape and develops a robust structure with large, thick branches and short internodes. Leaves are large and dark green. It flowers under lamps at week 8 or 9, is among the earliest strains to ripen outdoors and can be harvested as early as in late September. Yields average 400 to 500 g/m2 indoors, but can rise well above half a kilogramme per plant outdoors. Buds are all long, compact and highly resinous, and the central bud is particularly impressive. Despite its relatively small size, the use of training rods is indispensible in order to bear the heavy weight of flowers. The plant spreads a strong and sweet aroma. Taste is fruity with hash notes. The final effect is physical, powerful, and instils peace and relaxation – a perfect fit for people under stress or end-of-day smoking. For growers who are more into quick harvests, Sweet Seeds also offers a Fast Version of this plant – to be harvested

After a few days of changing the photoperiod, our S.A.D. S1 specimens had a last growth spurt. At 12 hours of light under 600W lamps, the plants grew to their highest potential. These plants are not too big at all. Nevertheless, they are consistently strong and robust.

HARVESTING AND TASTING Harvest was quite rapid and abundant. Foliage was scant making the use of scissors quite easy. We also noticed that its leaf-to-bud ratio is very low, so it can be trimmed in a short time. The concentration of trichomes in buds was visible at plain sight.

A side bud

after only 6 to 7 weeks under lamps, and in early September outdoors. In addition, a third-generation auto version is available, which will be ready in only 8 weeks after germination. Finally, for medical cannabis consumers or anyone seeking a milder effect, an ideal choice is Sweet Afghani Delicious with a high CBD content (the THC:CBD ratio is between 1:1 and 1:3).

rich soil. We applied again a root booster in the early days after transplanting, in order to favour the development of a

Although the quantity of buds may seem poor, for their limited size and density, yield per m2 or per plant was by no means inferior to that of other varieties. All harvested quantities necessarily have to be moved to a well aerated dark space for at least two weeks. When we did this,

THE USE OF TRAINING RODS IS INDISPENSIBLE IN ORDER TO BEAR THE HEAVY WEIGHT OF FLOWERS

GERMINATION AND GROWTH Over the last few years, we have been harvesting various seed packs of S.A.D. S1. The germination rate was invariably 100%. As we always do after the first tests, we placed seeds between wet cloths.

good root ball, and we also started to supply small doses of growth booster. 400W lamps were required for the growth phase. Plants are Christmas tree shaped

we could appreciate a full, strong, fruity and somewhat earthy taste of our S.A.D. S1, with clear hash notes. Effect is strong, lasting, very relaxing and somewhat narcotic.

INTERVIEW By Stoney Tark

MZ JILL, A Female Pioneer.. The cannabis industry has always been seen to be run by male dominant figures with stereotypical lifestyles, which correlate with a behind the scene modus operandi. However, before social media was at the forefront it is now and with so many platforms to connect with, many of the original breeders, male or female were often overlooked. Soft Secrets is very excited it has the opportunity to sit down with world class breeder Mz Jill from T.G.A, who has dedicated much of her life to growing cannabis, creating world class strains, activism, awareness and is well known throughout the states as a veteran organic grower and breeder. SSUK: Thank you very much for sitting down with Soft Secrets Mz Jill... Can you tell the readers about what yourself and what you do? I am a cannabis cannabis advocate foremost, a public figure in the US cannabis community, also a breeder, long time grower and owner of a cannabis seed company. We focus on providing high quality medicinal grade genetics to patients that wish to use natural medicine, as an alternative to pharmaceuticals. Founder of the charity MzJills People Helping People, we focus efforts on helping combat veterans, families of children with physical or mental disabilities. I am also former coowner and Head Breeder of TGA Genetics, however, I have recently made a split with

my partner and formed a new company with a different set of standards.

How did you first get involved in growing cannabis? It first began when I started using cannabis to help alleviate back pain caused by Scoliosis. I have always been reluctant to use pharmaceuticals, after witnessing the long term side effects they can cause. I was a young single mom of three small daughters, Struggling to make ends meet, so it became a necessity to provide medicine for myself. Quickly learning that I really enjoyed growing my own medicine, as it is so rewarding and therapeutic, it became one of my most beloved hobbies. I enjoy the hands on work in the garden and love the reward of helping patients with the medicine being made.

Coming from the states, what were the household genetics in those days compared to now? When I first started growing it was much harder to obtain genetics. The internet had not quite taken off yet, so I did not have access to the quantity or quality of information that is available to us today. Growing cannabis was very illegal in the United States at the time I first came into the industry, so everyone kept quiet and kept to themselves. As the mother of three young school aged children, I was in great fear of repercussion. When I first came into the industry the majority of cannabis breeders were located in the United Kingdom, there were not any publically open cannabis breeders within the United States. I have been said to be the first publicly known

Taken at Seattle Hemp Fest. Mz Jill and Ed Rosenthal

ACCORDING TO LAB TESTING, I HAVE A PLANT CALLED G-13, RUMOURED TO BE A STRAIN THE WAS BEING GROWN BY THE US GOVERNMENT IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI female cannabis breeder in the United States.

Over time what have been the best strains to ever pass through your hands? One of the first strains I grew was Cinderella 99, she is one that I wish I had kept. Hash Plant, Skunk, and Northern Lights #5 have always been favorites of mine, I would love to incorporate these strains into my genetics line-up in the future. I am a big fan of O.G Kush and have an original OG Kush, that I am excited to start working with.

You are well known for using an organic soil recipe. Can you tell us more about this and how you first invented this mix? With friends at a cup, pictured is Milo from Big Buddha and Aaron and Don from DNA Genetics

The super soil recipe that I make and promote was originally created by Vic High,

which I have modified it over the years to suit my grow style better. My recipe includes many different amendments such and it is generally sufficient from veg through flower with minimal additions needed, such as calmag, silica and sugars.

What were the first strains you created for yourself, for medical relief? The first strain I created was my namesake Jilly Bean. Orange Velvet is the mother of Jilly Bean and she was one of my favorites for years. She gave great relief from my pain with an amazing orange flavor. She was a very flavorful orange skunk, with the most beautiful colors I had ever seen on a cannabis plant. I wanted to share my medicine with others, so I decided to find a compatible male to compliment her. I was very pleased with the outcome of Jilly Bean, she is great medicine. She has an amazing uplifting happy affect and she is

26 fantastic for those suffering from anxiety, depression or PTSD. We are working to provide a very stable flavor specific line of Jilly Bean. Watch for Grape Jilly Bean, Cherry Jilly Bean, Orange Jilly Bean and Lime Jilly Bean to start making an appearance in late 2018.

Unfortunately you were affected by the recent California fire. How much of a loss was this to you and all your years of work and research?

as the contents inside. SInce the fire I have started rebuilding both on a personal level and also as a business. I have acquired many of my original genetics as well as adding a couple of new ladies. At the time of the fire, I was in the process of separating from my long

During the Northern California wildfires I lost all of my genetics and years of hard work as well as my entire facility all of my personal belongings, all family keepsakes and my home. It was a very devastating time in my life. It was a Sunday night in early October around 11:00 pm, we hadn't had rain in four full months, with temperatures that reached as high as 45 degrees Celsius that summer. I was going outside to do a last round check of the property, as we had an outdoor crop still in ground and ready for harvest. As I went outside I saw flames, very angry aggressive flames that soared high above the tops of the trees less than a ridge from mine. The winds were very strong that night, gusting between 35 and 55 miles per hour. I ran into the house and yelled to the other people inside that we needed to evacuate immediately. We grabbed a few items that we could grab in a quick moment and fled the property at 11:15 pm. The fire swept through with such intensity, that it melted the door to the fireproof gun safe, as well

The High Times cannabis cup. Pictured from left to right: Mz Say, Mz Jill, Lesta, Jessie.

MY ADVICE TO OTHER FEMALE GROWERS AND CANNABIS ENTHUSIASTS WHO ARE THINKING OF BECOMING A PART OF THE CANNABIS INDUSTRY IS TO ‘GO FOR IT’!

Setting up a trellis to support these huge plants

time partner and starting a new business venture at the time the fire took place. Tragedy allows for fresh starts and new growth, I am very happy with the direction my new company is going and I am excited about what my new business partner, and my new team have to offer

to the company and also to the cannabis community. We have some great new things in the works and some amazing new cannabis flavors to offer.

What do you think about the change in strains within the states recently? Do you see the American market taking on a commercial aspect as the European scene has in terms of strains?

Since legalization has taken place in so many states across the United States, cannabis has become a mainstream commodity and with that comes commercialized product to help meet the demand. WIth the individual states taking control, regulations are being placed on the products to help protect the consum-

ers and lab testing has become a requirement. There will always be a market for the small batch handcrafted, organically grown cannabis as well.

Do you have any advice for any female growers and cannabis enthusiasts, who are thinking of entering the industry? My advice to other female growers and cannabis enthusiasts who are thinking of becoming a part of the cannabis industry is to ‘go for it’! Being a part of the cannabis industry can be a very rewarding lifestyle, there is no limit to the opportunities available. I became part of the cannabis industry more than 20 years ago. Over the years I have been blessed by the beautiful humans that have crossed my path, my heart has been filled with joy and gratitude. I have witnessed miracles from the use of cannabis by the people that I have met along the way. I have seen children having a seizure be given a drop of cannabis tincture and stop seizing, I have seen a paralyzed man walk again. I am still so fascinated with the healing power of cannabis. I advise to enter the industry with your heart and mind in the right place, do it for the love of the plant and what it has to offer, do it for the patients that need help with so many different things. Be firm and strong, stand for what you believe in but don’t step on others to gain growth. Growth comes slow but the reward is well worth it.

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GROW WITH JORGE CERVANTES

By Jorge Cervantes – jorge@marijuanagrowing.com

METERS Part 1

A relatively small investment in accurate meters will provide you with correct information to make informed gardening decisions.

Meters allow gardeners to measure specific elements so each can be incrementally improved. Meters also help you find the weakest point in the chain of growth. Meters and test kits measure air, water, growing mediums, electricity, light, sound, and more. They can be analog, digital, or reagent test kits. Digital and analog meters perform hundreds of tests; reagent kit tests are limited to consumables, which must be replaced. Meter housing should be durable and waterproof, and meters should be easily calibrated (if necessary) or selfcalibrating, although some more sensitive meters with a sealed housing must be periodically returned to the factory for calibration. Other important features include: automatic temperature compensation (ATC), temperature readings in degrees Fahrenheit (oF) or degrees Celsius (oC), backlit liquid crystal display (LCD), microprocessor, memory, replaceable electrode, a broad range of accurate measurement, accuracy (+/-) listing, the ability to interface with computers or cell phones, and availability in handheld/portable or wall- or counter-mounted units with battery and instructions included. Some meters are available with remote probes at an additional cost. Some meters may have several components and wireless communication capabilities.

Also note that some meters are subject to contamination and aging. A few meters are essential—electrical circuit testers, thermometers, and hygrometers top the list. These meters will allow you to measure air temperature and humidity (moisture) content. Thermometers can also measure the temperatures of soils and nutrient solutions. The next most essential meters include pH and electrical conductivity (EC) meters, which measure parts per million (ppm) and total dissolved solids (TDS). More expensive models of these meters will take measurements perpetually and store a record that can be uploaded to a computer, mobile telephone, or Internet site. (It is easy to set up a security camera and monitor it with an iPhone, iPad, Android telephone, or computer. The data can then be analyzed and acted upon. However, many medical cannabis gardeners prefer not to send such delicate information by telephone.) The Garden Meters table shows recommended meters for “Basic” and “Advanced” gardens. Use this information only as a guideline. The prices are approximate and may vary from country to country. Prices are approximate. To see more than 1,800 scientific videos

on how to master any meter that you could possibly imagine, type “MIT Digital Lab Techniques Manual” into a web browser. Click on the YouTube link to go to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s videos. You can also type “video digital (name/ type of) meter” into Google and see numerous videos on how to calibrate and use specific meters. It can be difficult to find all the meters you want at one store. I had to go to the auto parts store to buy a digital laser thermometer, for example, rather than a gardening center. Find, research and order any meter you need by typing in “buy (name of meter)” into a web browser.

AIR METERS Anemometers measure air or wind speed. They are common weather station instruments. There are two classes of anemometers; one measures wind speed and the other measures wind pressure, both of which are related. Anemometers designed for one will give information about both. Handheld meters work well to measure wind outdoors in microclimates. I use my anemometer to measure wind around my outdoor garden. Indoors, I use

Anemometer

it to measure air speed when setting up ventilation and circulation fans. Move it around the garden and see just how bad airflow is in between plants! Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors measure electrical conductivity of an air sample in either an alkali solution or distilled/deionized water. These systems are relatively inexpensive, but they have drawbacks: limited accuracy and sensitivity to temperature and air pollutants. Most CO2 sensors or meters are nondispersive infrared (gas) sensors (NDIR) and chemical gas sensors. These sensors are used in the air conditioning, horticulture, building, and safety industries to monitor air quality and CO2 levels. NDIR sensors measure infrared radiation emitted from a heated surface. Most devices can measure from 0 to 5,000 ppm CO2. Set up sensors in the garden room or in air ducts. CO2 sensor/controllers will turn compressed CO2 and generators on and off at desired levels. More sophisticated CO2 controllers can be synchronized with controllers that operate heat, ventilation, and CO2 generators. Shop around to find sensors that are battery or AC-powered and wall mounted with remote probes. Disposable comparative colorimetric CO2

test kits are fairly easy to use and inexpensive. CO2 detector tubes are used to make spot tests. Hygrometers measure relative humidity (RH)—moisture content in the air at a given temperature. Most hygrometers convert measurements of temperature, pressure, mass, or an electrical or mechanical change in a material as it absorbs moisture. Humidity is difficult to measure accurately. Hygrometers are available in three basic types: metal/ pulp coil, hair tension, and electronic. I cannot recommend metal/pulp coil types because their accuracy is limited. Hair tension hygrometers use human or animal hair under tension that changes length as humidity changes. Hair tension hygrometers are more accurate, but still not as accurate as electronic versions.

condensation and high temperatures over short periods. Resistive humidity sensors measure electrical resistance relative to humidity. Meters with capacitive sensors are more sensitive than those with resistive sensors. Resistive humidity sensors usually have an accuracy rating of} 3 percent. Thermal conductivity humidity sensors measure absolute humidity. A humidistat is a hygrometer with a control feature. A psychrometer also measures relative humidity. It has 2 bulbs: 1 dry and 1 wet. Water on the wet bulb evaporates and the temperature of each bulb is measured. The difference between temperatures is logged and correlated on a chart to find the relative humidity. A psychrometer can also be used to measure dew point and make basic weather predictions.

Thermometer

I prefer digital thermometers that record both indoor and outdoor temperatures. They also have a maximum and minimum readout that can be reset. More expensive thermometers record daily data and store it for downloading to a computer. Digital laser thermometers are a lot of fun and incredibly informative to use. The thermometer projects a laser beam and records the temperature at the end of the beam. I use mine to measure leaf and stem surface temperatures, and those of water, soil, and walls—any temperature, really. Accurate temperature readings come in very handy when solving culture issues or pest and problems. Always take temperature readings at different points in the room. Hygrometer

ELECTRONIC CHILLED MIRROR DEW POINT hygrometers give precise measurements—as accurate as } 0.5 percent RH when clean and calibrated. Capacitive humidity sensors are pretty accurate (} 2%) and are little affected by

Thermometers measure temperature. Many people prefer old reliable liquid-and-glass thermometers with a Fahrenheit scale on one side and a Celsius scale on the other. Inexpensive springtype thermometers are not accurate enough for medical cannabis gardeners.

A thermostat measures temperature and perpetually controls heating and cooling devices such as heaters, fans, and air conditioners. Smoke detectors detect smoke. Some detectors are connected to a fire alarm. Inexpensive and readily available batterypowered smoke detectors should be

placed at high points in garden rooms, where smoke will collect. Most of these devices detect smoke by optical detection (photoelectric) or by ionization. More expensive models use both detection methods. Automatic fire extinguishers come with a built-in smoke detector. Mount handheld fire extinguishers by exit and entrance doors so you will know where they are when a room you are in fills with smoke.

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) DETECTORS identify the presence of deadly CO gas, to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. A product of incomplete combustion, colorless odorless CO, the “silent killer,” is virtually undetectable without a CO detector. Elevated levels of CO are dangerous to humans, and low concentrations can be harmful over time. Use a CO detector to guard against high levels of CO if using a kerosene or fossil fuel CO3 generator or internal combustion motor. Note: It can take up to a year for CO to release from the blood. CO accumulates over time!

This is the first part of an excerpt from chapter 15, “Meters” from the Cannabis Encyclopedia (596 pages, 2,000+ color images, large A4 format) by Jorge Cervantes, available on amazon. For more information please see Jorge´s website, www.marijuanagrowing.com.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS BY ED ROSENTHAL

II am looking for tips on how to grow my own. I don't know anything about it. What should I do?

M., Carteret, New Jersey

BEFORE YOU PLAN a garden or buy any equipment you should read at least one book on growing marijuana. There are a number of good books out there by several authors. Although the techniques described in the books differ a bit, any of them will improve your suc¬cess rate. Rather than attempting to start a garden using trial and error techniques, which often results in buying expensive but unneces-sary equipment followed by failure, use others' expertise to create a productive garden the first time. Information is the cheapest, most effective equip¬ment you can buy. Think of it as software for your garden. Even with equipment worth thousands of dollars, the garden cannot be run well without knowledge of how to do it. In addition, there are lots of videos and video channels providing demonstrations of different growing techniques and methods. I recommend Marijuana Growers Handbook. It will help you grow a successful garden the first time.

Stretched seedlings

What's the most important factor in growing killer weed? Would it be soil, temperature, nutrients, or some¬thing else?

Bud lover, internet

THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR that affects the quality of the weed you are growing is the plant's genetics. No matter how well a plant is grown, it can only reach its genetic potential. The cheapest way to improve your garden is to find better varieties. Environmental conditions enhance the potential of your crop, or rather; they can hinder your plants from reaching their full potential if the plants' basic needs are not met. Light, water nutrients, CO2 and temperature are the limiting factors.

My plants/seedlings are stretching, what do I do? THE PLANTS ARE suffering from insufficient light. This is a common problem. The seedlings are stretching to the light to searching for a stronger light intensity. The solution is to provide them with brighter light.

How do you force flowering? Marijuana is called a short day plant because it flowers in response to a long night (dark) cycle. The plant measures the number of hours of uninterrupted darkness each night using a hormone called phytochrome. During the day the presence of red light keeps phytochrome in its active form, which prevents flowering. In darkness phytochrome gradually reverts to its inactive form, allowing flowering. When the hormone builds to a critical level, which occurs when the dark period is long enough, the plant flower¬s. When the gardener creates this critical period of 12 hours uninterrupted darkness in each 24-hour cycle

LED Lights

it is called "flower forcing." When the 12-on/off regimin is maintained the plant soon changes from vegetative growth to flowering. The first flowers appear 5-10 days after forcing.

What lights should I use? Lamp technology is going through rapid change. For the past 30 years single ended high-pressure sodium lamps have been the lamps of choice. Now however, there are several new lamps that are available. Various experiments, as well as grower reports indicate that double-ended HPS lamps are more efficient, emitting more useable light than single

ended. Both based on both light emission and growing tests results show yield increases of 20-30%. LED lights are now the most effective for indoor growing. The reason is that they produce narrow spectrums of light so just the spectrums used by plants can be produced, saving energy. At the same time the lights are dispersed more completely over the garden so there is a narrower range of hot and cold lighting spots and since the lights are placed close to the top of the canopy not much light escapes the garden. This can be a problem for HPS lamps in gardens with aisles or spaces between plants. Some new LED’s also produce light in a wider spectrum range, producing spectrums helpful to the plant that that are not emitted by other lamps.

33 Is it better/ easier to grow hydro or soil method? Planting mixes are generally more forgiving of messups such as over-fertilization and water pH out of range. If you do follow directions, are sensitive to the plants’ conditions and prefer a system that promotes fast growth, try hydro. The choice is yours. Do what feels comfortable for you. Growing plants should not cause you stress. There is no right or wrong way as long as the plants are healthy and thriving.

How can you tell that plants are ripe? PLANTS RANGE IN HOW long they take to ripen based on their variety and the conditions provided. Ripeness can be recognized when the ovaries recede and swell to bulging with THC. The white hairs called stigmas dry up and turn color, the trichomes caps, where the cannabinoids are made and stored fill with resin stretching the caps membrane taut. Then the clear resin begins to turn milky or amber. At the same time the odor intensity increases substantially. The plants are ripe. It’s time to harvest.

Does CO2 work? How do you use it? CO2 (CARBON DIOXIDE) Is an inert gas composed of carbon and oxygen. In a process called photo¬synthesis, plants use light energy to cleave water into its two component elements. Oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen gas is released into the atmosphere.

Hydro method

The hydrogen combines with CO2, to produce sugar. Sugar is used by the plant to fuel metabolism, that is, the process of living. Any excess is combined with other elements as raw material for growth. Air contains about 400 parts per million (ppm) CO2. However, under the intense light found in grow rooms plants can use CO2 at a far faster rate, and grow much faster as a result when the air is enriched with it up to about 1,500 ppm. The growth rate climbs in a linear ratio to the presence of CO2. There are two ways of supplying CO2 to the garden; by using a generator that burns propane or natural gas, producing CO2 heat and water vapor or using a CO2 tank. Sensors that regulate CO2 ppm in the air control both.

The bottom leaves are yellowing, what do I do? Most likely the plants are suffering from nitrogen (N) deficiency. This is he most common deficiency encountered when growing marijuana. To build tissue, plants use N. When there is a deficiency, the plant moves the N from old growth to the new growth. The solution is to add a high N fertilizer. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are always listed in fertilizer packages in the same order,

Ripe cannabis plant. Photo by Good Dog by Greenthumb Seeds of Canada -- published in This Bud's For You by Ed Rosenthal

34 commonly known as the fertilizer's N-P-K. Yellowing fan leaves that occur at the end of flowering are not a problem that needs to be addressed. Their nitrogen is being used by the plant for ripening the buds.

How can I minimize the telltale smell of my garden? There are several ways to remove odor in the garden. The easiest is to use a carbon filter. You can place it in the garden to clean the air circulating in the space. Negative ion generators and ozone generators precipitate odor molecules, leaving the air smelling fresh. However they also neutralize odors in the plants so they should not be used in the grow room, but in adjacent rooms or in the exhaust system to clean exiting air.

How can I control powdery mildew? Powdery mildew is endemic in marijuana gardens. It looks like finely powdered sugar on the leaves. As a preventative, herbal fungicidal sprays and biological fungicides prevent the mold from germinating and attacking plant tissue. Although it is not pathogenic buds infected with it are not considered useable. Most methods used to concentrate cannabis do not eliminate it. Here are several controls for it on plants that are already infected: ȏ 0DNH D VSUD\ RI PLON DQG VRGLXP ELFDUERQDWH (baking soda). The recipe: Add 3 ounces milk and 1-teaspoon baking soda to a quart of water. Shake and spray. ȏ 0DNH DQ KHUEDO VSUD\ E\ VRDNLQJ WDEOHVSRRQ oregano and 1 tablespoon ground cloves to an ounce of alcohol. Let soak for a few hours. Add water to make a quart. And add a pinch of dry lecithin powder or a drop of detergent. Stir or shake. Let soak a few hours more. Strain and spray. ȏ 8VH DQ KHUEDO IXQJLFLGH ȏ 8VH D ELRORJLFDO IXQJLFLGH VXFK DV 6HUHQDGHp which uses s. subtilis, a bacteria that feeds on fungus, as its active ingredient. One problem with using it is that it increases the bacterial count, making it unacceptable at some dispensaries, although their ingestion is not harmful.

Want to enjoy buds like this? Strain: White Satin by Mandala Seeds

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N Now get ready for the Big Book of Buds—Greatest H Hits, a compilation of the premier strains that have a appeared in the four volumes. Read about these aw award-winning strains – then grow them in your garden.

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GROW WITH MR. JOSÉ

Mr. José / info@mrjose.eu

AUSTRIAN

cannabis clones The fact that selling clones is legal in Austria is old news. The market is legal thanks to the law that allows growing cannabis until the point when it starts flowering. In the last decade the clone market has expanded and changed a lot. So, I went on a trip to Austria to see how clones are grown on a large scale today. I went straight to Brunn am Gebirge. This little town is very close to Vienna. Here, I had arranged a meeting with Alex, the owner of Flowery Field, which is the biggest cannabis clone producer in Austria. I have been here once several years ago and I was excited to find out about the developments in production since then. I was most intrigued by cloning based on the technique of tissue culturing. Thanks to this method producers can get hundreds of clones from a single mother plant and then grow them in very limited spaces. And there’s more. I’ll let Alex himself introduce the other advantages of tissue culturing.

Could you introduce your company Flowery Field to our readers? Flowery Field is a clone producing company. We started out in 2004 with a small shop in Vienna. Today, we have six shops all over Austria; three of those are in Vienna, and then there’s one in Upper Austria, one in

Lower Austria, and one in Carinthia. So we have grown quite a bit over the years. At the moment we employ about 45 people and produce around 25,000 clones a week.

we simply can’t afford to have spreading among our plants. Whenever we bring in new clones from other producers or friends, we place them in a special room

six months, we regularly come to decision that the plant simply isn’t good enough. While the plants are in quarantine we also have enough time to develop an ideal growing medium for their tissue culturing. You see, each strain is different and requires different composition of the agar medium. During these six months we can create an optimal substance. Do you use feminized seeds to grow mother plants? Personally, my experience with this method isn’t great and I prefer

And how many mother plants do you have? I can’t quite recall the exact number. I can tell you it’s in the thousands, though. We plant around 9 mother plants on a square metre, and we have roughly 300 square metres at our disposal.

How many strains do you have in your selection? Around one hundred. The number changes regularly. Each year we add new strains to our selection, while removing some old ones. Another our advantage is that some of our strains only exist as clones and you can’t buy their seeds to grow them yourself.

And I assume you grow your mother plants from seeds? Yes. Well, most of them; mother plants for strains that exist exclusively as clones must naturally be grown from clones as well. But we prefer growing mothers from seeds. The issue here is the quality of the clones we are given or buy. The differences in quality between individual clones are huge. Some clones are infested with pests, others carry various viruses or suffer from other inadequacies which

This is the size of plants after about six weeks of growth.

A new plant sprouts from the meristem. where they’re kept for six months at least. During that time we’re able to get rid of all potential pests or diseases. After these

growing mothers from regular seeds. What’s your take? We only use regular seeds. Feminized seeds aren’t used to grow mother plants here. To be honest, this attitude puts us in a difficult situation. It’s not easy to obtain certain top quality strainsy. Then there are other issues. For example, we had this supplier from the US who produced fantastic seeds. But he found himself in the DEA’s crosshair and had to quit. Or, sometimes the seeds we buy give us really weird plants. Like recently – we had this plant kind of growing out of another plant’s stem. Leaf shapes can also be incredibly strange. Or, one batch of seeds can give us several completely different types of plants… I could go on. Simply put, we have to get high quality seeds to grow mother plants and that can be quite a challenge. Recently, though, we managed to grow an exquisite mother of Cookies and Cream with some 25 % THC and only 0.1 % CBD. It has a greater number of smaller buds and bigger internodal spaces. It’s a great plant. We also try to keep older, stable strains. We have, among others, classic seeds from Shantibaba and other skilled cultivators.

37 really our thing. CBD strains are problematic now, too. Some Austrian growshops and headshops started selling flowers of CBD strains with less than 0.2% THC content. Still, there is some THC, and authorities do not like that. Once this product appeared in the shops, authorities became suspicious, and we had police calling at the door three times a week. The thing is, after ingesting CBD strains, the THC content in one’s urine may go over 25 nanograms per millilitre. If you were to drive with this THC level, it would be considered an offence in this country, since Austria practices zero tolerance. The police would take your driver’s licence away and you would have to pay a fine € 1,000. If they fine 20–30 people a day, it’s good money for the state. The Austrian cannabis industry is developing too fast. The state decided it’s out of control and they want to prohibit it.

You mean regulate, right? Wrong. If they wanted to regulate it, that would be good. But they basically want to destroy it. It’s possible that, in a few months, clone and seed sales will be prohibited. Replanting the seedlings from an agar medium to rockwool

I know it can actually be quite challenging to get classic regular seeds. I only know a handful of seed banks that offer them... Yes, it is a big problem. In most cases, you need to know people in the seedbanks personally to get your hands on classic regular seeds.

Do you also grow clones or seedlings of autoflowering strains? I know they are available on the market. We do not grow them or sell them. Selling seedlings grown from seeds is very popular.

Let’s go back to growing. How do you keep mother plants vital? How long does it take, in your opinion, before a mother must be replaced? There are several factors affecting plant’s vitality. If you cut clones off a mother each two weeks, the plant won’t last more than a year. Its productivity declines substantially with time. If you replant it on regular basis, though, each time into a bigger flowerpot, you can prevent decline in productivity. Root vitality is the key here. You can enhance that through the replanting. But here’s the problem – the bigger the plant, the more difficult it becomes to cut clones off it. The plant needs more space, you need a ladder to cut the clones, etc. The way we did it before was we took the nicest

THERE ARE SEVERAL FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT’S VITALITY. IF YOU CUT CLONES OFF A MOTHER EACH TWO WEEKS, THE PLANT WON’T LAST MORE THAN A YEAR However, it’s only legal to grow cannabis in Austria up until the point when it starts producing flowers. With the classic strains I can guarantee that, as long as the customer keeps the light cycle prescribed for the phase of growth, the plant will never flower. With autoflowering strains, there is no such guarantee, so we do not have them on offer.

What about CBD strains? We do sell a few CBD strains, but it’s not

clones from one mother plant and grew a new one from them. Today we multiply mothers in our tissue culturing lab, where we grow truly healthy and strong mother plants from meristems with no pathogens whatsoever. This renewal process takes six to eight months to complete.

What are the biggest advantages of tissue culturing for you as a producer? And what is the advantage for me as a grower, when I

A tissue-cultured clone ready for sale.

buy your lab clones instead of the regular ones? For a producer, the advantage lies in the fact that we need less room for the clones. For example, we can have 50,000 plants on mere 30 square metres. In regular cloning, you need much more room. This further means that we can save energy as well as money on both rent and manpower. It is fair to say that tissue culturing is at the core of every big plant production today – and I mean in all branches of growing. The necessary equipment is very expensive, of course. I spent a fortune on the lab and creating sterile environment in the cultivation chamber.

We use plasma lamps for their enhanced UV-A and UV-B rays, which pretty much eradicates the risk of fungal diseases. The best thing to do is to combine plasma and ceramic halogen lamps. It’s really expensive, though. Plus, there is a problem with plasma lights that the body with the discharge inside does not last very long. This makes the production process much more expensive than it should be.

For growers, there are many advantages, too. The growth is quicker, the plants are more vital, have denser structure, and therefore provide better harvests. It’s just like growing plants from seeds, only it doesn’t take so long. Another advantage is that the plants are completely healthy and clean, with no pathogens or viruses, and they are more vital and grow faster. As long as you grow them in clean environment, you don’t need pesticides. Tissue culturing is also widely used for growing medical cannabis. And the demand increases among everyday growers, too. Thanks to the energy and space savings, tissue culturing enables producers to lower the prices of clones. We are currently setting up a production facility in Italy, where our total savings should ensure notably lower prices. I imagine the final price for the end customer could be as low as € 1 per clone. I think this is great news for growers.

What we talked about next was not really about growing, so I will end the transcript here. But before I say goodbye, I want to briefly describe tissue culturing, which I think could be of interest not only to home growers. It all comes down to utilizing the removal of meristem from a plant. Meristem can be found in the stems of side branches, plant tops, etc. This part of the plant is then disinfected and cut into bits in sterile environment. The cuts range from one to couple millimetres in size. They are then transplanted into a special growing medium, also sterile, which looks like gel. A brand new plant is then grown from the meristem. The freshly grown plant is completely free of any pathogens and has identical characteristics as the meristem source plant. To put it bluntly: a small branch is removed from the mother plant, pre-selected sections of it are cut into small bits, and, finally, these cuttings are planted into the aforementioned growing medium. Unfortunately for home growers, it is very difficult to achieve the necessary sterility at home. If any pathogens were to make into the medium, e.g. a mould spore, it would quickly start spreading through the medium and probably attack or devour the plant.

What lights do you use when growing mother plants?

And that’s all. See you next time right here on the pages of Soft Secrets.

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For producers, distributors, and dispensaries the problem is further exacerbated, as processing payments, depositing money, and proving transparency are monumental tasks. So, if someone turned around and said they had a purpose-built solution to the problems that have plagued and hindered the growth of the cannabis industry, understandably many would be interested.

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For retailers, it means they can receive payment and cash out without having to rely on banks or deal with fees that go hand-in-hand with the industry. The best part for them is that it is all transparent, legal, and accountable, meaning they can work with regulators to build trust, moving the market out of its grey area of law. Also, the BitCanna blockchain allows everyone in the supply chain to record the details of their products, such as certificates of quality, when products were produced, where, and who by. For the legal market, it allows complete transparency and assurance for end users that they can trust in the product they are buying—again helping facilitate regulation. Lastly, the inbuilt trust system allows end users to review and verify retailers and producers, helping create an informed community of customers and reputable sellers. When you consider they intend to allow this all to happen from your phone, it sounds like a lot of work, and it is. Yet, this explanation is only scratching the surface of what they are trying to achieve. One thing is for sure: with such backing, innovation, and passion, the cannabis market is in for a significant change. If you want to read more, head over to www.bitcanna.io and take a look for yourself.

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GROW WITH STONEY TARK

By Stoney Tark / Photos cpurtesy of vlad@THISCANNABIS

ALL ABOUT BREEDING IN HUMBOLDT AN INTERVIEW WITH DIGGS TERRA

Soft Secrets sat down with Diggs Terra, head breeder from the Humboldt Seed Organization, to catch up with them about their methods of breeding. With organics deeply rooted in Californian culture, and as one of the largest seed producers on the planet, we find out how different life is in Humboldt, California. SS: Can you tell the readers about your role at the Humboldt Seed Organization?

Well, I am one of two of the founders (Ras and Diggs) of Humboldt Seed Organization and one of the lead breeders for the organization as well. My role at Humboldt Seeds is to oversee the breeding and flower production, throughout our many locations statewide in California as well as four other states in the US. I also manage our global breeding and selection process with the assistance of our Spanish and Basque partners. As things have expanded over the years, we’ve directed the majority of our attention at maintaining the quality of care, excellent customer service and creating new and exciting varieties for the public.

of living, that most people had done through two world wars and senseless third war. Organic cultivation really is natural farming. People just wanted to get back to the roots. Our dependencies on society for the most basic amenities became something different for a small group of people looking for a new way of life. Organic cultivation in Humboldt County represents a consciousness towards health and well-being. From the food we eat to the water we drink, many people in Humboldt are conscious of these things and want to reflect them in their gardens.

How deeply rooted is organic growing in Humboldt, California? Organic growing in Humboldt county is a way of life instead of just practice. Organic cultivation has become buried into the psyche of the community after the last 40 to 50 years. This was all spawned from a rebellious generation breaking away from the conformed way

Can you tell us about the famous California strains that you work with?

We work with a lot of the classic and popular varieties that California has become known for. OG Kush and Bubba Kush were original classics, and still seem to have a timeless presence in the market. Classic, as well as some of the new designer varieties coming out, have

WE HAVE BEEN THE BASTARD CHILD OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY, BUT THIS IS ALL ABOUT TO CHANGE

Are you growing mostly indoors or outdoors?

We grow both indoors and outdoors. To maintain isolated sanitary and secure environment free from cross pollination, we preferred to do all this inside. All flower production and testing are done both indoors and outdoors to judge performance. We use a wide range of techniques to stress plants to activate potential susceptibilities and also allows us to see strengths. We work with a large number of farms, as well as our internal farms to test and select as well as isolate new varieties. From large plants for the long-term season, as well as light deprivation in greenhouses, varieties are put to the test in all climates and cultivation scenarios.

Can you tell us more about your breeding facilities? A male plant used for breeding.

We do have two locations where we do winter runs, and pollinating and greenhouses in the off-season, are less of a threat and liability to potentially harming someone else’s grow. Since pollen is a sensitive subject, especially for people who don’t deal with it we try to respect that space is much is possible, so indoor cultivation is the majority of our breeding footprint.

Breeding for the last ten years has been all about compartmentalization. Isolating varieties in the small grows allowed us to prevent cross-contamination, enabling each individual that we’re working with to become familiar with the varieties that we are breeding. Now we have facilities to move to a larger scale, where we now have the capability of producing more numbers to select from. Standard selection can range from 100 up to about 300 plants. Most of these facilities are indoors.

A bed of clones that are fully rooted and ready for a seed run.

How many seeds are you producing within a year?

Depending on the variety and the demand, we produce a few million seeds in a year, yet as things become more legal production continues to increase.

What is done to avoid cross-contamination of pollen during breeding projects? Compartmentalization is key to maintaining a clean space free from crosscontamination. We prefer to only work on one variety in a location at one time unless were exploring the creation of new varieties using one pollinator. Cross-contamination is a major issue, so we have found simplicity is the best path. This makes the process go slower but much more effective.

found their way into our lineup. Some of the OG lines have been worked for many generations to exercise out specific susceptibilities while maintaining strong terpene profiles.

How do you think feminised seed revolutionized the seed game?

I feel there’s a lot of misconception about them, and I believe that it has played a significant role in the immediate and past acceleration of the industry. As consumers become more educated, it’s good that we draw a line in a clear understanding of the difference between the two. I believe that feminize seed will play a major role in the largescale mass production and that genetics in the next five years will evolve rapidly. We have been the bastard child of the

41 agricultural industry, but this is all about to change. When making selections, they all are made from regular genetics with regular and natural pollen practices. Once things are stabilized, they are put into production for feminised seeds.

Get organized. I believe this to be the most difficult part. Recording data which I haven’t been really good at and saving things correctly. I know so many breeders over the years that have just lost track or poor storage of seeds resulting

What is done to test the Humboldt strains that are made as far as cannabinoids and terpenes are concerned? We are fortunate enough to have inhouse testing for most of our European

For years we were strictly dependent on her instinct, yet now with the two together we can make precise selections and better yet eliminate certain plants from the room, that don’t match the profiles that we’re looking for.

Where would you recommend anyone visiting California for a 420 friendly holiday, to go and see or visit? Come to Northern California and especially Humboldt County. Remember, Humboldt is a compilation of people from all over the world concentrated in one area, where you have some of the best organic cultivation occurring on the planet. The natural beauty reinforces every cannabis lover’s dream, with a combination of really good herb and beautiful scenery, the way nature intended it to be, please visit us.

Finally, do you have a social media that our readers can follow you on? Yes, you can check out our Instagrams for the Humboldt Seed Organization which are: @humboldtseeds, @Teamhso @Diggs_terra, @Geistv2, @Biovortex, and @californiakind. We also have a facebook page which is Humboldt Seed Organization We have VIMEO as Humboldt Seed Organization, so there are plenty of platforms to see our breeding work first hand. We are excited to announce our new T.V programme The Best Of The West, so keep an out eye for that.

A state of the art greenhouse where high levels of seed production occur.

Do you see regular seeds making a strong come back?

Fortunately, there is a growing demand for regular genetics because most people realize, the only way you’re going to get something new that you can keep and work with, comes in regular form. We see a growing trend in Europe for the demand for regular seeds. This is good. We would like to see more of the world participate in the realms of regular genetics. Helping to ensure that the scene stays in the hands of many and not just a few. With all these changes in the marketplace, we would like to see open source genetic concepts that are for everyone to share.

in a loss in someone’s genetic library. And like any artist follow what inspires you. We are all attracted and inspired by different things, and I believe this to be very subconscious. Our connection with the plant is unique to each one of us.

varieties, especially the CBD varieties that were four generations to achieve. With the new technology, we can combine our instincts with technology and science to get a closer look at both terpene profiles and cannabinoid profiles.

Thanks very much for this interview and good luck with your projects!

What do you define as a proper breeder?

Being a breeder is like being any other artist. We have specific things were attracted to certain things that inspire us, as well as individual things that drive us to create. My love of the plant and cultivation has helped define me as a person. The plant has taught me patience, how to listen and observe as well as the persistence through slow, meticulous movement. This plant has been my botanical ambassador back to nature. So the relationship for me runs deep. I owe most of my prosperity in my adult life from working with this amazing plant.

What are your top tips for any aspiring breeders out there?

Outdoors the growers here can cover stock levels with ease and grow organically at the same time.

GROW QUIZ

7. Which one of these strains won the HighLife Cup 2018? A. B. C. D.

1. Which of these requires a ballast to run off? A. B. C. D.

HID CFL LED None of these require a ballast

2. Which of these is a cross of White Widow and Afghani? A. B. C. D.

Jack The Ripper White Rhino BC Purple Bud White Walker Kush

3. What is a jiffy plug? A. B. C. D.

It is compressed hemp It is compressed rockwool It is compressed peat moss It is compressed coco

4. What are the first set of leaves from a seedling called? A. B. C. D.

True leaves Fan leaves Cotyledons Pistils

5. When placing a seed into soil, how deep should it be? A. B. C. D.

2cm deep with the root tail facing down 2 inches down with root tail facing upwards 1cm deep with the root tail facing up You can place the seed on the surface

6. Making isolator is the technique which does what? A. B. C. D.

Removes the oil from the trichomes Makes cannabis butter from old trim Using ice to isolate the full trichomes Removing the oil and keeping the left over wax

Gorilla Glue Moby Dick Candy Kush Lemon Zkitlle

14. Which of these EC values is the same as 700 ppm? A. B. C. D.

1.5 1.0 2.0 0.7

8. Which of these best describes the effect of being stoned?

15. Which of these strains is known for a sharp citrus taste and aroma?

A. B. C. D.

Very talkative and energetic Heavy body and couch lock Anxious and panicking Being stoned and high are the same thing

9. What is meant by a dual spectrum grow light? A. B. C. D.

Can be used only for vegging Can be used only for flowering Can be used outdoors Can be used for both stages

10. What type of damage will spider mites leave behind? A. B. C. D.

They will leave tiny yellow bite marks on the leaf There will be large chunks of leaf tissue missing They will leave behind a layer of slime They do not show any signs of damage

11. Does CBD also work for cats and dogs? A. B. C. D.

Yes it does No it doesn’t It works but only at night Cats yes, dogs no

Chocolope Kosher Kush Skunk # 1 Power Plant

16. Which of these Hazes is a real strain? A. B. C. D.

G13 Haze G99 Haze G6 Haze GG Haze

17. Trichoderma is a type of what? A. B. C. D.

Aerobic bacteria Poisonous fungi Beneficial fungi Never heard of it

18. Which of these grow lights is best used for veg? A. B. C. D.

HPS CFL Metal Halide T5 strip light

19. What environment do plants prefer during the growing stage? 12. If after a watering, your plant is wilting, this usually means? A. B. C. D.

It needs even more water You need to flush the medium immediately You may have overwatered the medium This is normal and do not worry

A. B. C. D.

Hot and dry Cold and wet Warm and wet It does not make a difference

20. Drip to waste is a method which best describes what? 13. What is the job of a dehumidifier? A. B. C. D.

To add humidity to the grow room To add cold air to the grow room To remove any bad smells in the grow room To remove excess humidity in the grow room

A. B. C. D.

Hand feeding Bottom feeding Deep water culture Dripper systems

For answers see page 46!

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GROW WITH STONEY TARK

By Stoney Tark

UNDERSTANDING INDICA CANNABIS There are so many strains available on the market, that the choice between indica, sativa and hybrid varieties of cannabis than ever before. As a newcomer to the cannabis scene, there can be some confusion about the heritage, characteristics, and effects associated with indica cannabis. Below is better explained the history of the indica and all things associated.

WHERE DO INDICA VARIETIES COME FROM? Initially found in the Himalayas and surrounding areas, indica varieties of cannabis can be found growing wild. In the Hindu Kush Mountains and Pakistan, full-blooded indicas which have stood the test of time, have adapted to the

Typically an indica will grow will a short and stocky structure, with very little internodal spacing during the growing stages and pre-flowering stage. The fan leaf of an indica will be thick-fingered, wide in appearance and with minimal spacing between the blades of each leaf. When growing out indica dominant strains, growers can sometimes remove stubborn fan leaves that block any extra

Indica cannabis will grow short and uniform with big tops.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND BREEDING BLOCKS Medical patients who are looking for a physical sense of relief will look to indica cannabis. Known for anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the ability to reduce swelling, aches, and pains, reduce tremors, pain, and discomfort associated with arthritis, relieve symptoms of glaucoma, ease anxiety, insomnia and dramatically increase appetite. Many patients will find that indica dominant strains will help with therapeutic effects, over sativa or hybrids.

Sativa cannabis is excellent for increasing energy levels, focus, motivation, combatting nausea and sickness and depression. For pain relief, indica cannabis is better suited, and as more research and development is done into cannabinoids, we are learning more about CBD and how that plays a significant role with THC, as well as other cannabinoids and terpenes that are present in the plant. The two sides of the scale when it comes to cannabis is indica and sativa. In between is what is known as a hybrid, which is a blend of indica and sativa genetics. Dependant on

A Master Kush growing outside with wide fingered leaves.

climate and ability to grow in the terrain. Purveyors of seeds were responsible for bringing back seeds found inside original landraces, from the East. Sensi Seeds were one of the first seed banks to offer Afghani #1 on their books, as well as some of the first Hindu Kush genetics. Since that time, indica varieties such as Pakistan Citral and Aghani, have been used in creating some of the modern day flagship strains. In these regions, the weather at night can be cold, so naturally, indica cannabis plants will have a typically higher resistance to more challenging climate. They also seem to be well suited to mould, mildew and insect attacks, due to their natural environment.

light from the lowest parts of the plant. When flowering an indica, they will not stretch a great deal making them an excellent choice for beginning growers, or anyone with limited height. Flowering times can range from 45-55 days for a 100% indica, which is why they are perfect for growers with short summers, or for those who desire as many indoor cycles as possible, with the fastest turnaround time logistically possible. The bud structure of an indica will be smaller sized, dense buds, which fill each internode. Indicas will grow multiple side branches so you can expect quality lower and top buds. Breeding with stable indica varieties can produce excellent stock.

45 hybrid, or sativa. When growing out naturally in the wild, Aghani strains will grow uniform with minimal variation in height, aroma, flavour, and potency.

Pakistan landraces became known as Pakistan Citral; however, the flavour of a Pakistani Citral is more pleasant than the original Afghani.

THE FLAVOUR AND AROMA

The sweetest tasting and more floral of the indica varieties is the Hindu Kush strain. These plants will have a musky, fruit, cherry background with a soft, fruity aftertaste. Many breeders have taken the time to backcross these indica strains to produce a new mix of flavours, aroma, terpenes, and effects.

The very first landrace strains that were taken back from Afghanistan became known for a pungent, musky, gassy aroma, which has a similar taste, perhaps not so appealing as far as terpenes and fragrances go.

Indica seedlings can be easily identified. which the father plant was, hybrids will usually be more dominant in one or the other. As far as breeding is concerned, using a full-blooded indica from Afghanistan or Pakistan is the best route to go. Creating a first generation cross of your best Afghani father with your best sativa will result in hybrid vigour and excellent stability, as far as how far gone the lineage is. Many breeders now days will cross with the latest hype strain, only to discover the offspring that they produce is terrible for breeding. Almost all of the best strains that we grew up smoking and reading about came from extensive breeding programmes in Holland and California. At that point, the genetic tree was not watered down as much as it is now, so that is proof in itself, that 100% indica strains make excellent building blocks.

WHO ARE INDICAS BETTER SUITED FOR? There are many advantages to growing indica varieties of cannabis. Some of these are the easy-to-grow factor, quick flowering times, short stature, high resilience to cold weather and medicinal properties. Growers in Northern Europe

will find that plant an indica strain in Spring will allow for a good, healthy harvest by mid-September. Growing out anything that is sativa dominant will only be a disappointment, as the flowers will not swell up and ripen correctly. If you experience wet winters, with cold nighttime temperatures, then indica strains will have the best chance of withstanding attacks from mould and mildew. You can achieve incredible results quality-wise growing indica varieties in the Mediterranean, however, as a worst case scenario with the right nurturing, you can also expect great results living in Northern Europe As far as plant training goes, indica strains are quite limited due to their characteristics. A Sea of Green is most often the best choice for indica

Afghani strains growing in fabric pots.

AS FAR AS BREEDING IS CONCERNED, USING A FULLBLOODED INDICA FROM AFGHANISTAN OR PAKISTAN IS THE BEST ROUTE TO GO. strains, Attempting to SCROG an indica dominant strain will not be as effective as working with a sativa dominant

The Pakistan landraces became known for their pungent fragrance also, with a background of citrus. This is how the

Lemon Zkittle Highlife Cup overall winner of 2018! The popularity of new strains emerging from California is overwhelming, and with a trend of boutique cannabis ranging from Cookies, Chem, Gorilla Glue, and purple hybrids, it seems terpene rich, high potency strains are in much demand in the hyper-competitive cannabis market. Dutch Passion has worked behind the scenes to create Lemon Zkittle. A THC powerhouse that is so terpene rich, you will instantly be a fan of this hybrid. Lemon Zkittle won 1st prize at the High Life Cup 2018 in the Sativa category and also won overall winner, making this strain the champion of champions!

By Stoney Tark

with the Zkittle cut. The Las Vegas Lemon is a remarkably uniform and consistent plant, which derives from the Skunk family dating back as far as the 1980’s. The result is a 60% sativa which is an easy to grow, enormous yielding hybrid which will take 63-70 days to fully mature. This feminised hybrid has a high tolerance for stress and is a light hungry plant. When grown outside, growers can expect extra large harvests. Zkittles is known for having a rich body of terpenes that smells like an open bag of lemon skittles, sat inside a car on a warm day. Until you get your nose into a bag of well-grown Zkittles that can be verified as the real deal, then you cannot begin to understand what all of the hype is about. The taste of Lemon Zkittle is much more profound and with more a sour, citrus edge thanks to the parental lineage both being dominant in the terpene Limonene. Tests have shown that the THC levels are >20%, while Dutch Passion is proud to present this as one of their most potent creations ever. Lemon Zkittles is a wellbalanced hybrid, and with a 60% sativa influence, the effects can be a soaring head high, that profoundly stimulates the mind, improving creativity and motivation. Thanks to her indica side, the blend makes for an extremely relaxing and invigorating physical effect. After a while, Lemon Zkittle has the power to send you into orbit with her high THC levels.

Dutch Passion started this project using the original Zkittlez from America. In dispensaries, the cost of Zkittle flowers were around $35 a gram, and with THC levels soaring over 20% and a reputation as a versatile, heavy producer, it was the perfect blend to mix the Las Vegas Lemon

Between the mouth-watering aroma and oozing resin production, another great thing about Lemon Zkittles is her ability to yield. Her blend of indica and sativa allow this strain to grow copious amounts of flowers within ten weeks. Lemon Zkittle will grow large, elongated buds that are full with large, bright green flowers, covered in trichomes. Extractors and hash makers will fall in love with Lemon Zkittle and will find her to be an excellent addition to their library of flavours.

INDEX OF ADS Name

Page

00 Seeds Bank

Jorge Cervantes

Amsterdam Seed Center

Juicy Joint

Atami

Kannabia Seeds

Barney's Farm

Kosmic Kitchen

Coffeeshop Magic

Mycologics

DeBudder Bucket Lid

Paradise Seeds

Dinafem Seeds

Paradise Seeds

Dinafem Seeds

Procare

Dutch Passion

Pyramid Seeds

Ed Rosenthal

Royal Queen Seeds

Gea Seeds

Stanford Hydroponics

Genofarm

Sweet Seeds

Humboldt Seed Organization 15

Sweet Seeds

Hunter's Coffeeshop

Wilma's Lawn & Garden

Hydrogarden

COLOFON Soft Secrets is published by Discover Publisher BV P.O.Box 362, 5460 AJ, Veghel, Netherlands Telephone: +31-(0)73-5498112 E-mail: info@softsecrets.nl Web: www.softsecrets.com Editor: Cliff Cremer Contributors: Ed Rosenthal, Jorge Cervantes, Dr. John Dee, Stoney Tark, Rich Hamilton, Mr. Jose, Robert B., cccp and others. Comics: Jim Stewart

ANSWERS TO THE QUIZ: PAGE 42:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

A B D C A C D B D A

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

A C D B C A C C C D

Photography: iStock Editorial adress: readers@softsecrets.nl Advertisements: E-mail: info@softsecrets.nl A word from the publisher: Soft Secrets is a bi-monthly free magazine which is published in The Netherlands (called Highlife), Germany, France, Italy, Spain, UK, Poland, Czech Republic, Chile and Argentina. World wide there is a process going on of relative liberalisation towards the use of cannabis, be it for medicinal or recreational purposes. Several countries legalised cannabis as a way of separating soft and hard drugs, as it has proven to do in Holland. Other countries legalised

the use of medicinal cannabis, including the right to grow cannabis plants for one’s own use. The publisher wants to highlight the process of normalisation of cannabis use. This assumes that the publisher does not necessarily agree with everything that appears in articles and advertisements. The publisher therefore distances himself explicitly from published statements or images that might give the impression that an endorsement is being made for the use and/or production of cannabis. Nothing from this publication may be copied or reproduced in any format without prior permission from the publisher and other copyright holders. The publisher is not responsible for the content and/or point of view of advertisements. The editor takes no responsibility for unsollicited submissions. The publisher has endeavored to reach all copyright holders of photos and/or images. Those who still believe they are entitled to these rights may contact the publisher.

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November 30, 2018

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