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โ€ซืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืขื ื” ืืžืคืชื™ ื”ื“ื“ื™ ( โ€ชโ€“ )RERโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื ืกื•ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื“"ืจ ืฉืจื” ืื™ื•ื ื™ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซ(ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜โ€ช 8.9.05 ,โ€ฌืžื˜ืขื "ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉืคื—ืชื™")โ€ฌ โ€ซืชืงืฆื™ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืืžืจ ืžืชืืจ ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš "ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™" ืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืคื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืฅ ืงื•ื”ื•ื˜โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื”ืœื™ืšโ€ช" ,โ€ฌืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืขื ื” ืืžืคืชื™ ื”ื“ื“ื™" โ€ชReciprocal Empathic -โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช (RER)- Responsivenessโ€ฌืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ( โ€ช ,)change eventโ€ฌื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืชื•ื›ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ( โ€ช ) self disclosureโ€ฌื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื•ื’โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื”โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืื—ืจโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื›"ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™" ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ( โ€ช )attachmentโ€ฌื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืจืงืข ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”"ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™"โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื” ื”ื™ื™ื ืฅ ืงื•ื”ื•ื˜โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื” โ€“ โ€ช,60โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›"ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื™ื”ื• ืงื•ื”ื•ื˜ ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืืžืคืชื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืื“ื ืื—ื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืฆื•ืคื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื›ื•ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื˜ืคื— ืขืžื“ืช ืงืจื‘ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืœืื“ื ื”ื ืฆืคื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ( โ€ช .)Kohut 1959, 1971, 1977, 1979, 1984โ€ฌืงื•ื”ื•ื˜ ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืืคื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืืžืคืชื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืงืฉื” ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืžืจื—ืง ืืคืกโ€ช ,โ€ฌืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื™ืฉื’ ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืชื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื ืฉืงืคืช ืืœื™ื• ืžืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ ( โ€ช mirroringโ€ฌื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™)โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœื•ืžื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืคืชื— ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืงืคืช ืืœื™ื• ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืงื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ืจืื” ืื•ืฉืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืชืคืขืžื•ืช ื•ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืืžื• โ€“ ื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืคืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื•ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ืจืื” ืžื™ืื•ืกโ€ช ,โ€ฌื˜ืจื—ื” ื•ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคื’ื•ื ื”ื•ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืš ืงื•ืจื” ื’ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืžืฆืื™ื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื—ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื‘ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจื™ื• ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืžื ื‘ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื•ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื‘ื•ื– ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ"ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™"โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• "ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™" (โ€ช )self-objectโ€ฌื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื•ืžืชืคืชื— ื“ืจื›ื•โ€ช .โ€ฌืจืขื ืŸ ืงื•ืœืงื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืฉืื“ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื ืคืฉื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืฉืžืฉ ื›"ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™"โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืžื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”โ€ช( .โ€ฌืงื•ืœืงื” โ€ช .)lended self( )1995โ€ฌืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืฉืื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’โ€ฌ โ€ซืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื›ืื‘โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ ืขืฆืžืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื“ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืจืคืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ืžืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ืงื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸโ€ช/โ€ฌื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™" ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™โ€ฌ โ€ซ)โ€ช Fisch,(1994) ,Kohut (1979,84โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซ"ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช .โ€ฌืงื•ื”ื•ื˜ ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื–ื•ืœืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื™" ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื›ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืจืงื™ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื•ืืœื™โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื”ื•ื‘ ืื• ืฉื ื•ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ืžื•ืคืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื”โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช1โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช "ื–ื•ืœืชโ€ช-โ€ฌืขืฆืžื™" ื‘ืจื™ืื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืืœื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ โ€ช 3โ€ฌืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“โ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช โ€ช :โ€ฌืœื™ืœื“ ื”ืžืชืคืชื— ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืขืจืฆื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช โ€“ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื—ื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืงื•ื”ื•ื˜ ื›ื™ื ื” ื–ืืช "ื”ืขืฆืžื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ืจื ื“ื™ื•ื–ื™"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ ( โ€ช (mirroringโ€ฌื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื–ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื›ืœืœ ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืงื™ืคื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืืคืชื ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžื”ืฆืœื—ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืขื•ื ื’ ืžื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืขืœืชื ื•ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉ"ืงื•ืœื• ื ืงืœื˜" ( โ€ช ,(echoedโ€ฌืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ืชืงืคื•ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ(โ€ช )validationโ€ฌืข"ื™ ื”ืžืขื ื” ( โ€ช (responseโ€ฌืฉืœ "ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฆืžื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ ืžืชืื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืชืชืคืชื— ืœื›ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืกืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืืคืชื ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืฉืจืื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื ืื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื•ืขื•ื ื’ ืžื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื’ืœื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื™ืœื“ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืงืฉืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืงื‘ืœื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืงืจื™ืŸ ืจื•ื’ืข ื•ืขืฆืžื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืงื•ื”ื•ื˜ ืงืจื ืœื›ืšโ€ช " :โ€ฌื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™" (โ€ช .)idealizingโ€ฌื›ืืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื™ืœื“ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื•ืจื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื•ืขืจื›ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืื—ืจื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื ืžื” ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืจื’ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื™ื˜ื•ืฃ ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ )โ€ชregulationโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช,(selfโ€ฌื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื•ื“ืื’ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ืœื“ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืžืชื—โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืฉื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืœื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืื•ืžื•ืช" (โ€ช .)twinship or alter-egoโ€ฌื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงืจื‘ืช ื“ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืื•ื (ืื• ื”"ืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™")โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืคื™ืงโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื•ืขืœืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืžื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืงืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซ"ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขืฆืžื™"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชืขื•ืจืจื ื” ื•ืชืฉืžืจื ื” ืืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช" .โ€ฌื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™"โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ืข"ื™ ืื—ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™" ื”ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืชื•ืš ื ืคืฉื™ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขืฆืžื™"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ "ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™" ื”ื•ื ืœืกืคืง " ืฉื™ืงื•ืฃโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืชืื•ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌืฆื•ืจืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืœืœื• ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื”ืขืฆืžื™" ื•"ื–ื•ืœืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™" ืžื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืงื•ื”ื•ื˜ (โ€ช 1984โ€ฌืขืž' โ€ช )47โ€ฌืกื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ โ€ช -โ€ฌื–ื•ืœืชโ€ช-โ€ฌืขืฆืžื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื ืžืฉื›ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืขื“ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืชืœื•ืช (ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ื•ื–ื”) ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช (ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”) ื‘ืกืคืจื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืžืฉ ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ืžืฆืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืžืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคื™ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื–ื•ืœืชื• (ืžื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืจื›ืื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื)โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืจืคื” ื•ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื–ื•ืœืชโ€ช-โ€ฌืขืฆืžื™โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื‘ื ื” ืืžืคื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื‘ื ื” ืืžืคื˜ื™ืช ืชื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืœืชื•โ€ช .โ€ฌืกื™ืคื•ืง ื”ื‘ื ื” ืืžืคื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื›"ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™" ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืจืขื•ืชื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื”ื ื›ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื•ื’ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื“ื“ื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื’ืจืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฉืคืขื” ื•ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช (โ€ช)co-creationโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช )1985โ€ฌืกื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ื•ืกืชื™ื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ โ€ช,attachmentโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื ื™ืืœ ืฉื˜ืจืŸ (โ€ฌ โ€ซืงืจื‘ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ( โ€ช:)mutually created experienceโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช2โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซืœื—ื‘ืง ืื• ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืื—ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืืœื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืืœื ืื ื”ื ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืคืขื•ืœื” ืื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ ื•ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื“ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืฉืื“ื ื ืžืฆืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ (ื ื™ื”ื•ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจื›ืš ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ืจื’ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช)โ€ช .โ€ฌื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ (ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™) โ€ช -โ€ฌื”ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื“ื™ืื“ื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืชื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืชืจื•ืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื (ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื–ื”ื” ืื• ืฉื•ื•ื”) ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื โ€ช -โ€ฌืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื“ื•โ€ช-โ€ฌืกื˜ืจื™ืช ื›ืœื•ืžืจโ€ช :โ€ฌื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื”ื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืข"ืค ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ ื•ื’ื ืข"ืค ื–ื• ืฉืœื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขืช ื•ื”ืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื•ื“ืขืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื• ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื‘ ื”ืœื ืžืกื•ืคืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื™ืฉืœ ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืœื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืžื™ื—ืกื™ื• ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืง ืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืืฆืœ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืืœื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืจืžืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ืžื‘ืŸโ€ช-โ€ฌื”ื–ื•ื’ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื•ื•ืกืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืโ€ฌ โ€ซ)โ€ช (self- regulationโ€ฌื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ื—ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื“ืœื” ื•ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ืกืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื— ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืœืจื•ื‘ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชืคื™ืกื” ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืœื ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื• ืืš ืจืฆื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื›ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืกืคืง ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžืžื ื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืจืืฉโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื•ืœืื›ื–ื‘ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืฆืœ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืขืก ื•ืขื•ื™ื ื•ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืžื ืื• ื–ื•ืœืชืโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“"ื›โ€ช :โ€ฌืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ ืœืงื•ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃโ€ช ,โ€ฌื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืกื’ื ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื™ื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืœ ืืœื” ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื•ืชืฃโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช3โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซื”ืกื‘ืจโ€ช :โ€ฌื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœืโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืœื—ืฅโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืคื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืื• ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ โ€“ ืžืชืขืจืขืจ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซ(โ€ช .)attachmentโ€ฌืœืคื™ื›ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ื ื”ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืžืคืชื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื—ืžืœื” ื–ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื–ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืชื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌืงืจื‘ื”โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืœืฆื“ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื‘ื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื” ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ื ื“ื‘ืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ืชืชื ื”ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืืฉืžื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช attachmentโ€ฌืฉืœื™ืœื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืชื•ืคื ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืื• ื”ืชืžื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื“ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืคืขื ื— ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืกื•ื“ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื—ื•ืกื ืืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื•ื’ ืจื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื‘ื—ื“ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ "ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืกืขืจื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืฉืคื ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื–ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืžืงื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืงื•ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืœื›ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™ ืœื ืžืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืœื ื ื•ื›ื—ืช ืฉืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉืงื˜โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืื”ื‘ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืงืจื•ืœ ืงืจืฉื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืกืคืจื”โ€ช )Kershaw, 1992: p 13 ( The hypnotic dance :โ€ฌืžืชืืจืช ืืช ืžืขื’ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื›ืšโ€ช" :โ€ฌื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื™ืคื ื•ื˜ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฆืจ ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื–ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื"โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื”ื™ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฆืจื” ื•ืกืคื™ื’ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืจืฆืฃโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ืœื“ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื“ื“ื™โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืคืชื— ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื“ืžื•ื™ "ื˜ืจื ืก"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื—ื•ื•ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืฆื“ ืจืขื”ื•โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ืืฆืœื• ื›ืื•ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื•ืฆืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืœืโ€ช-โ€ฌืžื•ื“ืขโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ืจื•ืื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืŸโ€ช/โ€ฌื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืœื ืชื•ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื•โ€ช/โ€ฌื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืื•ืชื• ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ื’ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื”"ืื ื™" ื ืชืคืกโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืื•ืชื• ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื—ืกืจ ื”ื™ืฉืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืš ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื“ื“ื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืœื•ืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืจืคืช ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืฉืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื•ืช ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ืื–ืขืงื” ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืœืชื•ืš ืžืขืจืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃโ€ช/โ€ฌื ืคืฉโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืื“ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื•ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื™ืจื•ืข ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ ืื• ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ( โ€ชKershawโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช 1992โ€ฌืขืž'โ€ช .)196/7โ€ฌื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืจื’ื™ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ืช ืคืœืฉื‘ืงื™ื ืžืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื™ื—ื•ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื ื—ื•ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืคืœืฉื‘ืงื™ื ืžื’ืจื™ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื’ื•ืฃโ€ช .โ€ฌืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืœืขืชื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ืื• ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื ืžื™ื—ืกื™ื”ื ื”ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ืขื ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื ืฉืœืคืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืกื›ื ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืื• ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืžืกืœื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸโ€ช-โ€ฌืื™ืฉื™ื™ืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ โ€ช RERโ€ฌืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืข"ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืคื˜ ืœื•ื‘ (โ€ช( Neuro-Affective Therapy (NAT)TM Pat loveโ€ฌืจืื” ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜)โ€ชExplicit :โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช โ€“ memoryโ€ฌื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข ืฉืื“ื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื• โ€ช โ€“ Implicit memory -โ€ฌื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื’ื•ืฃโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืœืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช4โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžื•ื“ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืฉืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื” ื•ืฆืฃ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืชื ืกื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืฉื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืžืขโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืฉืชื—ืจืจืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืขืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืคื›ื• ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงื“ื™ืžื”โ€ช" .โ€ฌืฆืจื™ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืคื" ( โ€ช .)you cannot heal what you cannot feelโ€ฌื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆืคืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื’ื•ืฃโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื’ื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืœื”ืคื›ื• ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืขโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืžืชืงื ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื”ืกื‘ืจโ€ช :โ€ฌื”ืžืขื’ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืœื—ืฅ ( โ€ช ,)stressโ€ฌื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืชื— ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื ืคืจื“โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื—ืฅ ืชื•ืšโ€ช -โ€ฌืื™ืฉื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืข ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืชื•ืš โ€ช -โ€ฌืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืื• ืจื™ื‘โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืžื—ื“ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืชื•ืš ืื™ืฉื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืš ืžืื™ื“ืš ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืขืจืขืจืช ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื™ืื•ืกื˜ืื–ื™ืก ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื›ืขืก ื”ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช .โ€ฌืœืžืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆืขื•ืง ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ื‘ื”ืœ ื•ืžืกืชื’ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฆืขื•ืงโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืจื’ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื’ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ืขืฆืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช โ€ช 3โ€ฌืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืชโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .1โ€ฌืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ื™ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .2โ€ฌื”ืคืจื“ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ืžื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ื“"ื›โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืืช ื–ืืช ื•ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ื™ืกื ื™ื•ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .3โ€ฌื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืืžืคืชื™ื”โ€ช -โ€ฌื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืœื‘ ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืžื” ื’ืจื ืœื”ืฆืคื”โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืชื™ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืจื’ื™ืขื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืœืœื ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื”ืชื•ืšโ€ช-โ€ฌืื™ืฉื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืฃโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื“ื•ืžื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื’ืจื” ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืื‘โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ "ื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ืŸ"โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

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โ€ซื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืœืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืฆืคื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ืจื•ืขโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžื•ืฉื™ืง ื•ืจื ื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื™ื™ื) ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื˜ืœืคื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืžื•ืฉื™ืง ืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ืจื™ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื™ืง ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ืโ€ช ".โ€ฌืžื•ืฉื™ืง ื”ืžื•ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื ืžืœื ื–ืขื ื•ืฆื•ืขืงโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžืœื•ื ื’ืจื•ื ื•โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื™ืš ืืช ืžืขื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืจื™ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืš ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื•ืกืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ืฉืœื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืืฃ ืื—ื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืช ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืชโ€ช "...โ€ฌืจื™ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืœื ืืžืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื” ืืชื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืฆื•ืจื— ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื•ื’ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืชื” ื—ื•ืœื”โ€ช ,"...โ€ฌืžื•ืฉื™ืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืคื ื™ื ืกืžื•ืงื•ืช ืžื–ืขื ืฆื•ืจื—โ€ช" :โ€ฌืืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื™ ืœื™ ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื™ ืืช ื‘ื›ืœืœโ€ช ...โ€ฌืœืžื” ืืช ืžืืจื’ื ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ืขืชื™?" ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืจื™ื ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื• ื‘ืฆืจื—ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืขืœื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืจื’ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืื•ื˜ืžืช ืืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื“ื™ื” ื•ืฆื•ืขืงืชโ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชืš ื™ื•ืชืจ"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื“ื—ื•ืง ืœืคื™ื ื”โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืกืชื’ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื ืžืฉื—ื–ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ืงืฉืชื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืช ื”ืคื ื•ืžื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืœืคืจื˜ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืขื“โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ืขื ื•ื”ืื™ืžื”โ€ช" .โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืืœ ืกืžืจื˜ื•ื˜"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืื•ืžืจโ€ช" ,โ€ฌื›ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื ืœืชืช ืืช ื–ื”โ€ช ..โ€ฌืื– ืืžืจืชื™โ€ช ,...โ€ฌืœืžื™ ืื™ื›ืคืชโ€ช ...โ€ฌืืฆืœื” ื”ื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื“ืจโ€ช ".โ€ฌืื ื™ ื—ืฉื” ื‘ื–ืขื ืฉืœื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืื™ ื ื—ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืจื•ืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื•ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื”ืงืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื ื™ื ื•ื— ื‘ื“"ื› ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื—ื ืงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืคื•ื ื” ืืœื™ื• ื•ืื•ืžืจืชโ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉืชืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืชื” ืžืคืจืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซื–ืืช ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ื–ืœื–ื•ืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ืกืžืจื˜ื•ื˜โ€ช ".โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืžื”ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื’ื•ืคื• ืžืชื•ื— ื•ืžืชื ื•ืขืข ื‘ืื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืงื˜โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจโ€ช" :โ€ฌื›ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™ ืื– ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืคืœื™ืฉื” ื•ืžืžืฉ ื ื—ื ืงโ€ช ".โ€ฌืฉืืœืชื™ ืื™ืคื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื ื™ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื’ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื ื•ืงโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื—ื ืงโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืชโ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื›ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืšโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืžืกื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื ืง ื•ืœื—ืฅ ื—ื–ืง ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”โ€ช".โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื”ื•ื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืขืœื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืชโ€ช" :โ€ฌื”ืื ื”ื™ื›ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืื•ืชืš ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชืš? (ืœื) ื”ืื ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ื? (ืœื)โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชืง ืจื’ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื‘ื˜ื• ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืกืคืจโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ"ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ โ€ช ,9โ€ฌืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌืคืชืื•ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืฉืขืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžื•ื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ืฉื™ื ืจืžืกื• ืื•ืชื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™ ื ืคืœืชื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื“ืจื›ื• ืขืœื™โ€ช .โ€ฌืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื ืฉื•ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื ื—ื ืงืชื™ (ืขื•ืฉื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชื ืงื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”)"โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืžื”ืจื”ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจโ€ช" :โ€ฌืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื’ื ืจื™ื ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืžืขื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืคืชืื•ื ื–ื” ืฆืฃโ€ช(...โ€ฌื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš)โ€ช".โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืืžืจืชื™โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืขืก ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืจื™ื ื” ืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื—ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจืžื•ืก ื›ืžื• ืกืžืจื˜ื•ื˜โ€ช .โ€ฌืœื›ืš ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื ืง ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื“ ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืจื™ื ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืš ื•ื˜ื•ืจื—ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžืขื ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืœื ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื ื•ืง ื•ื”ืฆืขืงื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืื•ืชืš ืžืื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื ืงโ€ช ... .โ€ฌื”ืื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื”ืฆืขืงื” ื‘ืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”?โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื ืจืื” ืžื”ื•ืจื”ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจโ€ช" :โ€ฌื›ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™โ€ช".โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจ ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืคืœืฉื• ืœืชื•ื›ื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืจื™ื ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื "ืžื•ืคืขืœืช" (ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื ืื˜ืžืช) ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ืงื•ืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื›ืื‘ื™ื• ืื• ืชืœื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• (ื”ืฆื•ื“ืงื•ืช ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื ืฆื•ื“ืงื•ืช) ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื•ืžืชืื‘ื ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืืชื” ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžื™ืขืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื” ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืจื™ื ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ืื• ืžื‘ื™ืข ื›ืขืกโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

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โ€ซื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™โ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืขื ื” ืืžืคืชื™ ื”ื“ื“ื™ โ€“ ( โ€ชRERโ€“(Reciprocal Empathic Responsivenessโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืขื™ืŸ "ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืชื•ืจื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื• ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื• ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช .โ€ฌืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื”ื™ื” "ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ "ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ"โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซ"ื”ืžืืžืŸ"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืชืฃ "ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ" ื•ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืขืฆืžื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžืฉืžืฉ "ืขื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื•ืชื•ืžืš"โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ"ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ" ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจโ€ช( ,โ€ฌื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื‘ืžื•ืงื“)โ€ช,โ€ฌื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื• "ื”ืชืงืœืคื•ืช" ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ืฉื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืจืืฉโ€ช .โ€ฌืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื—ืœืง ืžืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™โ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .1โ€ฌืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ โ€“ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืœื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื ื™ื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืžืืชื’ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .2โ€ฌื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .3โ€ฌื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ืืžืคืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ โ€ช/โ€ฌื—ืจื“ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืฃโ€ฌ โ€ซืื•ืชื”โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .4โ€ฌื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .5โ€ฌื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ "ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ" (ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™)โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœ"ืขืฆืžื™" ื”ื—ื•ืงืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ืขืฆืžื•โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .6โ€ฌื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ โ€ชco-creationโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .7โ€ฌืžืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืคื™ืจื•ื˜โ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .1โ€ฌืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ โ€“ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืœื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื ื™ื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืžืืชื’ืจ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืคื’ืฉโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื• โ€ช self owningโ€ฌืฉืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื ื•ืช (โ€ช,)attunementโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช (โ€ช,)observationโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื“ื”ื•ื“ (โ€ช)getting resonanceโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .2โ€ฌื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ โ€ช -โ€ฌื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ (ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™) ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• ืฉืœืขืชื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ โ€ช enactmentโ€ฌื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืคื’ืฉโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืฉืื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .3โ€ฌื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ืืžืคืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ โ€ช/โ€ฌื—ืจื“ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื”ืฆื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื” โ€ช -โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžื—ื›ื” ืขื“ ืฉืืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืขื“ ืฉืื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ ืืช ื›ืื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ื ืคืจื“โ€ช .โ€ฌืขื“ ืฉืœื ืืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืช ื”ืฆืขืงื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœโ€ช .โ€ฌืžื’ื™ืขโ€ฌ โ€ซืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื’ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื•ืœืœโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช ๏‚ทโ€ฌื”ืฆืคืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืœื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช ๏‚ทโ€ฌื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื‘ื• ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช ๏‚ทโ€ฌืืžื™ืจื” ืืžืคืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ืžื–ื”ื” ืืชโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ

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โ€ซื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืชโ€ช /โ€ฌื’ื•ืคื ื™ืชโ€ช /โ€ฌืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืฆืคื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช ๏‚ทโ€ฌืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .4โ€ฌื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืชืคืกืช ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืข"ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”โ€ช :โ€ฌืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื”ืืฉืžืช ื”ืฉื ื™โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ( โ€ช.)self owningโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื–ื• ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื•ืกืคืงืฆื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื•ืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ (ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืงื™ืจื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืคื ื™ืžื™ืช)โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืžืงื“ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืžื ืงื” ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžื›ืขืกื™ื ื•ื”ืืฉืžื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ื•ื”โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืฉื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืืฉื ื•ื”ืฆื•ื“ืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืฆื•ื“ืง ืื• ืืฉื ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื”ืื—ืจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืขืฆืžื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืคื•ืกื˜โ€ช-โ€ฌืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืœื•ืžืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื”ื ืืžืคืชื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืŸ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืฉืชื ืืช ื”ืื—ืจ ื›ืชืงืฃโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืฉืชื ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžืโ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืขื ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืคื’ื•ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœืื—ื•ืชื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ืชืคืชื™ ืื•ืชื”"โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ืขืฆืžื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืืœื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื’ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืื›ืŸ ื ืจื’ืขื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืฉืชื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœืชืคื™ืฉืชื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื›ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœ ื•ื’ื ื›ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื”โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืžืฉืœโ€ช :โ€ฌื‘ื ืื•ื ืฉืžืฉืžื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืœืคื ื™ ื˜ืงืก ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจโ€ช" :โ€ฌื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื™ื›ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืžืื—ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืชื ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื” ืฉืฆื•ื“ืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืžื• ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืคื˜โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื›ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืื“ ืงืฉื” ืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื™ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื ื“ืžื” ืœื›ื ืฉืืชื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืชืงืคื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ืโ€ช"...โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .5โ€ฌื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ "ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ" (ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™)โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœ"ืขืฆืžื™"โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• โ€ช -โ€ฌืฉืœื‘ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืฉื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ "ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ" ื•"ื”ืขืฆืžื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื‘ืžื•ืงื“"โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ื ืฉืืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืŸโ€ช/โ€ฌื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื ืฉืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื•ืชื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื›ืื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืขื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื• ืœืฉื ื›ืšโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืฉื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ืจืฉื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช ,โ€ฌื ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืคื™ื• ื”ืื—ื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืงืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ื”ืื—ืจ ืื• ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื—ืจ ืžืชื ื’ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืื• ืชื™ืงื•ืŸโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸโ€ช-โ€ฌื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื ืคืจื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืชืคื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื•โ€ช/โ€ฌืื• ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžืฉืื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžืคืชื™ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .6โ€ฌื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืžืคืชื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืช ื›ืื‘ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื•ืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื‘ืžื•ืงื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืงื‘ืœ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃโ€ช ,โ€ฌืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื”โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื• ื ื•ืฉืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืžื˜ืคืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืืžืคืชื™ืช (ืจืื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื”ืœืŸ)โ€ช .โ€ฌืžืฆื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื•ืกืคืงืฆื™ื” ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™โ€ช-โ€ฌืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืืžืคืชื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช8โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื ื“ื‘ืš ื‘"ืขืฆืžื™" ืฉืœ ื›ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช .7โ€ฌืžืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื–ื•โ€ช :โ€ฌืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืชโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซ"ืืžืจื™ ืœื‘ืขืœืš ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”โ€ช".โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉโ€ช :โ€ฌืืžื•ืจ ืœืืฉืชืš ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ื˜ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืงืจื” ืžืงื•ืฆืจโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื™ืฉื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืช โ€ช ,56โ€ฌื”ื‘ืขืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืŸ โ€ช ,60โ€ฌื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื–ื” โ€ช 34โ€ฌืฉื ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ืโ€ช :โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืขื‘ื•ื“ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืขื•"ื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌื ื•ืกืขืช ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืžืขื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื’โ€ช :โ€ฌื”ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื ื˜ื•ืฉื” ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืœื—ื•ืฅโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืกืชื™ืจ ืžืžื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืกืชืจื” ื•ืœื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžืชืืจื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืคืขืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจืšโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืงืจื‘ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืžื ืขโ€ช .โ€ฌืืš ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ืžืชื‘ืจืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืฉืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื˜ื‘ืขื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืื“ื ื”ื ื”ื ื” ืžืื“ ืžืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื• ืœืฉื ืฉืขืฉื•ืขโ€ฌ โ€ซืื• ื—ื‘ืจื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื›ืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื ื—ื•ืชื” ื•ื ื˜ื•ืฉื” ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ืžืื“ ืœื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืชื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืœืื”ื‘ืชื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœืกืคืง ืื•ืชื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฉืคืœื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืžืขืฉื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืจื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฉืจโ€ช .โ€ฌืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื ื›ื ืกโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ืœื—ื“ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืœื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืšโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืืฉโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืจื™ืกื™ื ื•ื ืื˜ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ืืช ื”ื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœื™ื•ื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืชื•ืš ืชืžื™ื›ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื—ื“ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืฆื™ืœื•ื ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช (ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”) ื•ืคืขื•ืœืชื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื ืกื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืื• ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื”ื• ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื ื•ืงืฉื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื”ืงืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ ืกืžื•ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืื™ืš ืžืชืืจื’ื ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื–ื• ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœืื”ื‘ืชื ืœื–ืจื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”โ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ โ€ช -โ€ฌื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื—ื“ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืจื” ืžืื“ ืžืชื•ื—ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉืคื•ืฃ ื•ื–ื•ืขืโ€ช" .โ€ฌืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ืžืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืชโ€ช ",โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจโ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื˜โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื•ืืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื—ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจืข ืžืื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืฅ ื‘ื—ื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืขืฆืžื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื™ื’ืžืจ ื›ื‘ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื™ ืœื ืื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื›ื•ืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืจื™ ืžื—ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ืืžืคืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ โ€ช/โ€ฌื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื•โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ื—ืฉ ืžื•ืชืงืฃ ื•ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืืชื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืžืชืงื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชืš"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉโ€ช" :โ€ฌื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืš"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” โ€“ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืจื” ืžืชืคืจืฆืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืฉืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืขืโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช9โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซืื—ืจืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื ืจื’ืข ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืืฉืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• ืฉืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืœื ืฉื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ "ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ" (ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™)โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœ"ืขืฆืžื™" ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌื”ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืฉืจื” ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ื•ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ื—ืฉ ืžื•ืชืงืฃโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืกื‘ื•ืœ ื›"ื›?"โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื ื”ืŸโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืคื•ื ื” ืœืฉืจื” ื•ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื•ืชื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌื”ืื ืืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”? ื”ืื ืืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœืจืฉื•ืชื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•?" ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ื‘ื›ืš"โ€ช .โ€ฌื“ื‘ืจื™ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืจื’ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื ื”โ€ช" ,โ€ฌื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ โ€ชco-creationโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืคื•ื ื” ืืœื™ื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื™ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืขื–ืจื™ ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื™ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืืœืชโ€ช" :โ€ฌืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืชืงืคื”?"โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจโ€ช" :โ€ฌื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸโ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ื’ื ืคื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืคืงื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืืœื™ืžื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืœื–ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื• ืžื’ื™ืขโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื™ ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื ื›ื–ื”"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื” ืžืชื ืฉืžืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ืงื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืšโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื?"โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื— ื›ื–ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืืจืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื” ื ื•ืงื˜ืช ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืจื’ืฉื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืขืžื“ื” ืื›ืคืชื™ืชโ€ช" .โ€ฌื•ืื– ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘โ€ช"...โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชื’ืขืช ื•ื›ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆืจื” ืœื ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื”โ€ช( :โ€ฌืฉืงื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื•ืช) "ื•ืžื” ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”?"โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกื•ื”ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?"โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืฉืจื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชื•ื—ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืืžืคื˜ื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงื˜ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื•ืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืขื–ืจื™ ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืขื–ืจื™ ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืงืฃ"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื” ื ืจื’ืขืช ื•ืžืชืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ืกืโ€ช" .โ€ฌื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš?"โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื•ืœื™ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื•โ€ช ".โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื”ื•ืจื”ืจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช?"โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ช..." :โ€ฌืœืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืจื‘ื™ืฅโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ (ื‘ืงื•ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืจื•ื“ื ื™)โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื ืชืฆื ืขื“ ืฉืชืขืฉื” ืฉืขื•ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื—ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื” (ืงื•ืœื• ื ื—ื ืง ืžื“ืžืขื•ืช)โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืืช ืื‘ื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื›"ื› ืœื”ืชืคืจืฅโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื—ื–ืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืœื ืœื ืชืง ืžื’ืข"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื” (ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™)โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืืžืคืชื™ืช ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื“ื‘ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื ืชื—โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืชโ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžืš"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืขืก ืœื”ืขืจื” ืฉืœื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื–ื•"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฆืช ื•ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืšโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื•ืชื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉืื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืฉื™ื‘โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืžืืฉืจ ื•ืžืชืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืกืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื•ืชื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืžื” ืืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืขื“ ื›ื”"?โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจืš ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืืžืคืชื™โ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืื‘ื ืžืื•ื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื—ืžื™ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืžื• ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื’ืจืžื ื™ ืžื”ืฉื•ืื”โ€ช "...โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ืฉืจื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื” ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื™ื–ื” ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื‘ืœ ืœืคืชืข ื ื–ื›ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจโ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื‘ ืขื ืื™ืžืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืคืชืื•ื ื”ื•ื ืชืคืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื•ื ื ื–ื•ื– ืžืคื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื•ื ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื“ ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœโ€ฌ

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โ€ซื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืโ€ช ".โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืžื”ืจื”ืจ ืžืขื˜ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃโ€ช" ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•โ€ช ".โ€ฌืื—ืจื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืชื™ืงื” ืงืœื” ืฉืจื” ืฉื•ืืœืชโ€ช" :โ€ฌื™ืฉ ืœืš ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื?"โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืกืคืจโ€ช" :โ€ฌื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคื’ื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืื™ืฉโ€ช .โ€ฌืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื•ืื– ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื™ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื–ื” ืจื–ื” ื•ืœื ืื‘ื“ืื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืœื” ื‘ื™โ€ช .โ€ฌืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฆื—ืงื• ืขืœื™ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืจื™ืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืœื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืชื”" (ืžืกืคืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื“ืžืขื•ืช)โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื• ื›ืจื’ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืืžืจ ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ืจื” ืœื• ืฉืจื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจโ€ช" :โ€ฌืืช ืฉืืœืช ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืขื•ืจืจื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื™ืช ืืžืคืชื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืื™ื›ืคืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื—โ€ช".โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืจื” ืฉืชื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ ืขื ืขืฆืžื•โ€ช .โ€ฌืฉืจื” ืืžืจื”โ€ช" :โ€ฌืžืื•ื“ ืจื™ื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื“ื‘ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ื•ื’ื ืœืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ืฉื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืขื•ืœืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืžืฉืš โ€ช 30โ€ฌื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ื›ืšโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืคืชื—ื” ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื™ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชืšโ€ช .โ€ฌืœื ืจื—ืžื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืœื ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžื—ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ืฉืœืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉืฉโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌื–ื• ืžืชื ื”" (ื‘ื•ื›ื”)โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืžื•ืงื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืขโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืข"ื™ ื‘ืŸโ€ช/โ€ฌื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ โ€ช ,โ€ฌืชื•ืš ืฉื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžืืคืฉืจ ื•ืžื•ื•ืกืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžืคืชื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืกื™ื›ื•ืโ€ช :โ€ฌื”ื”ืœื™ืš "ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืขื ื” ืืžืคื˜ื™ ื”ื“ื“ื™" (โ€ช )RERโ€ฌืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื• ืขื ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ( โ€ช ,)care-takersโ€ฌืœืฉื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื™โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉืงืžืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ช .โ€ฌืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ "ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ"โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืžืงื“ืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืฉืจ (ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืชืœื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืœื“ื™ืช ืœืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช)โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืš ื”"ืžืืคืฉืจ" ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืฉื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืื—ืจ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืžื“ืช "ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ"โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื‘ืžื•ืงื“โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืคื’ืฉโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ื•ื” ืืžืคืชื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื‘ื ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืœื™ื“ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ืœื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช โ€ช attachmentโ€ฌื‘ืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื‘ื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื ื™ื”ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื“ื™ ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืื• ืžื“ื™ ืคืขืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’โ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ "ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ" ื•"ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื‘ืžื•ืงื“" ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸโ€ช .โ€ฌืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœืืžืฅโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื›ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซืžืงื•ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืคืจืงื™ ืืžื”ื•ืช โ€“โ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื•ื ื™ืจ ืฉืจื” ( โ€ช )2002โ€ฌื”ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœ"ืžืงื•ืžื•" ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืคืจืง ื‘ืกืคืจโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœ"ืคืจืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืช"โ€ช( ,โ€ฌื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืขืœ ืžืฉืืœื™)โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื ื•ื™ ืคื ื—ืก (ืžืจืฅ โ€ช )1995โ€ฌืžื”ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™? ืกืงื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช (โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช9:2โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื ื•ื™ ืคื ื—ืก (ื™ื•ื ื™ โ€ช )1995โ€ฌืžื”ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™? ( โ€ช )2โ€ฌืฉื™ื—ื•ืชโ€ช9:2 ,โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช11โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช )1โ€ฌืฉื™ื—ื•ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซ ื”ืื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืื ืœื™ื–ื”โ€ฌ:โ€ซ) ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ โ€“ ืžื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืคื˜ืฆื™ื”โ€ฌ1995( โ€ซืงื•ืœืงื” ืจืขื ืŸโ€ฌ )9:3 โ€ซืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช? ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช (ื™ื•ื ื™โ€ฌ Fisch, J. M. (1994). The self in psychotherapy. Israel Journal of Psychiatry. 31(2): 71-77. Iwanir S. & Ayal H., (1991) Mid-life divorce initiation: From crisis to developmental transition. Contemporary Family Therapy 13(6) December Kershaw, C. J. (Ed.) (1992). The coupleโ€™s hypnotic dance - Creating Ericksonian strategies in marital therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Kohut, H. (1984). How does analysis cure? Goldberg, A. & Stepansky, P. (Eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kohut, H. (1959) Introspection, empathy and psychoanalysis. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association, 7:459-483. Kohut, H. (1977) The restoration of the self. New York: International Universities Press. Kohut, H. (1979)Four basic concepts in self-psychology. In: Ornstein, P. H. (Ed.) (1991) The search for the self, Vol. 4. International Universities Press. Kohut, H. (1982) Introspection, empathy and the semi-circle of mental health. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 63:395-408 Kohut, H. (1984). How does analysis cure? Goldberg, A. & Stepansky, P. (Eds.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kulka, R., (1997) Quantum Selfhood: Commentaries on paper by Beebe, Lachman and Jaffe, Psychoanalytic Dialogue 7(2). 183-188 Rubinstein Nabbaro, N. & Ivanir, S. (2006) Using Maps and Visions in Family Therapy with Remarriage (ch. 16) in: When Marriage Fail: Systemic Family Therapy Interventions and Issues. Edโ€™s: C.A. Everett & R.E. Lee. Haworth Press: New York Stern, D. (1985) The interpersonal world of the infant. New York: Basic Books.

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