Studio Florian Schätz | Skyhive

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

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STUDIO FLORIAN SCHÄTZ | STRUCTURE-TONICS

SKY

HIVE

National University of Singapore Studio Report Studio Florian Schätz Research x Design Year 4 Semester 1 AY2017/2018

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

STUDIO FLORIAN SCHÄTZ | STRUCTURE-TONICS

SKY

HIVE

COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Department of Architecture School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore 4 Architecture Drive Singapore 117 566 SKYHIVE © 2018 Department of Architecture, NUS © 2018 Assistant Prof Florian Schätz © 2018 Individual Contributors All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission from the publisher.

The publisher does not warrant or assume any legal responsibilities for the publication’s content.

All opinions expressed in the book are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National University of Singapore.

EDITOR Florian Schätz STUDENT EDITORS Adrian Au Sean Poon Shao An Yang Weichuan

STUDIO INSTRUCTOR

Florian Schätz STUDENT PARTICIPANTS

Adrian Au + Jacelyn Pau Ayaka Sato + May Ponsury Saksin-Udom Beata Karlsson + Joseph Tang Ezra Aik + Yang Weichuan Sean Poon + Seth Pantalony MID REVIEW CRITICS

Florian Schätz Cheah Kok Ming Dr. Lai Chee Kien Ronald Lim FINAL REVIEW CRITICS

Florian Schätz Cheah Kok Ming Erik L’Heureux Michael Bundig Ronald Lim Dr. Paolo Di Leo Philipp Abresch

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I INTRODUCTION II BRIEF

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RESEARCH

Cost Analysis Programmatic Studies

Case Study I Case Study II

Case Study III 30

PROJECT I

Adrian Au + Jacelyn Pau

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PROJECT II

Ayaka Sato + May Ponsury Saksin-Udom

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PROJECT III

Beata Karlsson + Joseph Tang

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PROJECT IV

Ezra Aik + Yang Weichuan

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PROJECT V

Sean Poon + Seth Pantalony

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INTRODUCTION FLORIAN SCHÄTZ

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SKYHIVE “Is there any society that does not run on greed?”

Milton Friedman Macroeconomic free-market strategies set the foundation for today’s globalisation, and with that a shift of climate, power, urbanisation and innovation. By 2025, PwC expects a global construction output of US$15 trillion with rising markets in India, China and the USA, mainly in areas of fast-growing urban density.

Ten years after the subprime mortgage crisis we are experiencing central banks running a zero interest rate policy that could lead to another tipping point of the monetary systems: globalisation flattens culture and the Art of Building. Cheap money invades real estate markets through easy loans and replicates sad building typologies derived from 20th Century Modernism “Betongold” is replacing real gold, and developers are mining for new heights with the same familiar strategy of single usage. The Trojan horse of economic stimulus is about to invade the global financial system once more and with that comes a monotonous built environment for our cities.

Emerging Asian cities are today’s equivalent to the American cities of the last century. The massive demand for new housing, fast-growing cities, and higher, greener typologies of density requires new construction methods. Mired in the use of concrete, the construction industry is, compared to automobile industries, IT systems or mechanical engineering, lagging behind in innovation and the application of advanced construction methods. Massive urbanisation requires a change in material, construction, design thinking, prefabrication and automation.

“Skyhive” is the result of research and design by Studio Florian Schätz that emphasises with the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution the application of 3D printing and automation in architecture and construction.

Several ideas for mixed-use high-rise typologies are testing possibilities of using additive manufacturing in the design process, structure and construction methods of tropical verticality.

With 85’000m2 GFA, “Skyhive” combines a

variety of residential units, work-lofts and retail spaces, facilitating a compact solution for tropical real estate within Singapore’s landscape.

The Studio provides the vision of future construction methods for the emerging Asian cities. The innovation is in printing complex formwork to cast concrete. With this in mind, the Studio is exploring challenging new territories of a structure that, besides program and function, becomes the primary framework for a New Tropical Architecture. Repetitive modular prefab elements define new forms of tectonic, ornament and pattern and become applied in different scales to form the internal division walls.

Like sociological micro power plants, buildings are growing as 24/7 instruments for culture, employment and living. Sustainability, regional analogies and environmental solutions are core principles throughout the Studio’s projects, which respect the vernacular of the context: vertical greenery, sky gardens and sky bridges surround community living in multi-storey buildings, offering mixed-use opportunities for living and working as investments.

13 3D printed load-bearing structure follows form, function and technology and makes the tropical envelope, rich in ornament and pattern.

Reminiscent of the Arts and Crafts movement, using 3D printing generates new possibilities in a compact form that responds to the climate, reactivates traditions and redefines the modern art of making. “Skyhive” achieves a distinct quality of space through distilling structural principles and probing tropical living.

The design research for “Skyhive” chronologically builds on modular building elements and 3D printing of tropical facades from the earlier Florian Schätz Studios’ Urban Frameworks, Structure-tonics and Skydwellers.

Singapore, January 2018

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BRIEF

PROGRAMME PROPOSAL

Integrated mixed-use tower, comprising of 10% commercial/ retail units, work lofts and 60% residential.

METHODOLOGY

Program stacking, preliminary design development, 3D printing case studies and research on structure, typology, future working and living units. preliminary design of SKYHIVE architectural expression and form through structural design develop modular systems of the structural tropical envelope under climatic,urban and functional aspects, model-making scale 1:100 - 1:1 in cardboard and 3D-Print prototypes of a modular structural envelope

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3D A0 rendering of exterior and interior spaces and written report

The objective of the semesters studio is to design a tropical mixed use low-rise—high-rise tower with residential units, work-lofts and retail facilities in Stirling Road, Queenstown, Singapore.

In particular, the studio seeks to design structural systems for the Tower using 3D printing. An emphasis will be give on 15 model making, additive manufacturing and Casting a Structural Element in scale 1:5 to 1:1.

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Site Area Floor Area Gross Floor Area Number of Units

21,109 m2 88,660 GFA 4.2 1,110

RESEARCH

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103 Financial Analysis 125 Programmatic Studies 155 Case Study I - Far East Plaza 155 Case Study II - US Embassy New Delhi 155 Case Study III - Tochigi Prefectural Building

Beginning with the realestate market conditions, that consider housing as investments, to how that shapes spatial configurations of living spaces, the following investigations look into the economic, sociospatial and historical conditions that shape high-density living in tropical-Asia, as well as the broader tropical 19 sphere, to mine for ideas for a vertical architecture that houses a stunninglycompact mix of programmes, users and technologies.

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Research / Financial Analysis

Studio Florian Schätz | Reseach

1 - Room Proposed Layout Scale 1:500

Standard Single Room Layout

Single Room + Balcony Layout

Single Room + Retail Layout

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Bedroom Toilet Kitchenette/pantry Living area

Bedroom Toilet Kitchenette/pantry Living area Balcony

Bedroom Toilet Kitchenette/pantry Living area Miniature Retail Space

340sqft

320sqft

340sqft

$612,000-

$632,000-

$999,000-

2 - Room Proposed Layout Scale 1:500

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400sqft

430sqft

460sqft

$720,000

$780,000

$1,199,00 0

Standard Double Room

Double Room + Balcony

Double Room + Double Blacony

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2 x Bedroom Toilet Kitchenette/pantry Living area

Bedroom Toilet Kitchenette/pantry Living area Balcony

2 x Bedroom Toilet Kitchenette/pantry Living area 2 x Balcony Pool View

4 - Room Proposed Layout

Standard 4-Room Layout

4-Room + Balcony Layout

4-Room + Balcony + Pool View

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4 x Bedroom 3 x Toilet Kitchenette/pantry Living area

4 x Bedroom 3 x Toilet Kitchenette/pantry Living area 2 x Balcony

4 x Bedroom 3 x Toilet Kitchenette/pantry Living area 2 x Blacony Poolside View

972sqft

1032sqft

1032sqft

$1,749,000-

$1,897,000-

$1,999,000-

Research / Programmatic Studies 22

Demographics Potential Investors / Buyers

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Future Work Spaces Felxibility

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Workspaces / Co-working Typologies

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typical lifestyle patterns demographics on weekdays

Case Study I — Retail 26

Far East Plaza Retail Incubator

Case Study II — Tropical Modernism

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US Embassy New Delhi Edward Durell Stone

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Case Study III — Structural Brutalism

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Tochigi prefectural Building Utsunomiya

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This building is the construct of a set of concrete members and cross beams arranged as a lattice strcutre. The columns are arranged in the center of cross shaped beams to take the vertical load.

ADRIAN AU + JACELYN PAU

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Massing Studies Interim Proposal + Developments Final Proposal

Transience Our scheme anticipates a future work-live trend that moves away from the collective towards the individual and minority. In which the use of space becomes transient, constantly restructuring based on the user’s needs and requirements. The user enjoys an autonomy of space that is capable of integrating and disengaging effectively without obstructions. There is a reversal in terms of constructing space. The user rather than the architect defines the function and use of space, conformed only by its perimeter.

Dissolution The interior reorganises to prioritise flexibility and change, adapting to the current condition. The concept of privacy becomes ephemeral. Abolishing the permanence of walls and celebrating openness in its place. The complete free plan within a structural shell that supports and sustains its users. Disposition of spaces 31 are fluid, only restricted by the boundaries of the shell and core services. This allows for the ebb and flow of shifting needs of its inhabitants. Privacy is reduced to a minimal, blurring the boundaries between private and public.

Enclosure The architecture exists only as a shell that encloses the interior space. A homogenous structure defines the facade and core systems, leaving the resultant spaces unhindered and free to occupy. The structural framework maintains order within the tower framework, while at the same time, it is permeable and engaging with the external elements. Forming a breathing skin that shields the interior while allowing light and wind through, a response to the tropical condition.

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Adrian + Jacelyn / Massing Studies

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Massing Study

Adrian + Jacelyn / Interim Proposal + Developemts

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METABOLISM 新陳代謝

“A unit as an organism, replacing the old with the new, an organic growth of program and requirements.”

ADAPTIVE SPACE

Driven by programmatic needs a single unit evolves three dimensionally within a tower typology.

Balancing the ‘private’ and the ‘public’ domain The result is a form that is an assemblage of its internal program, with the potential to adapt and transform within its structural framework.

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Previous - Adaptive Tower Above - Breathing Sking Opposite - Connected Volumes on Site

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Opposite - Integration with Podium Above - Evolution of Unit Types

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Previous - Courtyard House, Tropical Living Above - Unit Stack

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Above - 3D print of Facade Skin Opposite- Facade Study

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Above - Volumetric Study Opposite- Plan Configurations

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Adrian + Jacelyn / Final Proposal 48

TRANSIENCE

Our scheme anticipates a future work-live trend that moves away from the collective towards the individual and minority.

In which the use of space becomes transient, constantly restructuring based on the user’s needs and requirements. The user enjoys an autonomy of space that is capable of integrating and disengaging effectively without obstructions. There is a reversal in terms of constructing space. The user rather than the architect defines the function and use of space, conformed only by its perimeter.

DISSOLUTION

The interior reorganises to prioritise flexibility and change, adapting to the current condition. The concept of privacy becomes ephemeral. Abolishing the permanence of walls and celebrating openness in its place.

The complete free plan within a structural shell that supports and sustains its users. Disposition of spaces are fluid, only restricted by the boundaries of the shell and core services. This allows for the ebb and flow of shifting needs of its inhabitants. Privacy

is reduced to a minimal, blurring the boundaries between private and public.

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ENCLOSURE

The architecture exists only as a shell that encloses the interior space. A homogenous structure defines the facade and core systems, leaving the resultant spaces unhindered and free to occupy. The structural framework maintains order within the tower framework, while at the same time, it is permeable and engaging with the external elements. Forming a breathing skin that shields the interior while allowing light and wind through, a response to the tropical condition.

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Transience

autonomy of spaces, capable of integrating and disengaging effectively

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Open Plan - Work Loft

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Open Plan - Sky Deck

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Dissolution

abolishing the permanence of walls and celebrating openness in its place

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Enclosure

the structure exists as a shell that encloses the interior

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external structural facade

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core + internal frame

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core + internal frame

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Structural Frame Model

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Structural Model close up

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1 : 5 concrete cast

MAY SAX + AYAKA SATO

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Massing Studies Interim Proposal + Developments Final Proposal

Architecture is an art of reconciliation—between posts and lintels, between what is and what ought to be, between what is needed and what is afforded. The language of architecture can only be truly resolved once peace is made within itself.

Reconciliation must be achieved, completely and thoroughly, to settle any discrepancies that may be depicted formally or conceptually—lest they clamour for attention and halt the semiotics set, which gives the reason an effective architecture is a conclusive one. Good designs are found in holistic subtlety—where forms fulfill all their purposes, yet appear effortless doing so on a design deliberation.

The rhythm in architecture is borne out of the continuation of the language, be it through the repetition of motif, the flow of an entity morphing into another, or the abrupt juxtaposition of one semiotics against another--for nothing identifies an idea better than the challenge posed by its antonym. In this, an architect must ask—if and when it happens—what decision must be made when that physical rhythm stops, or—more interestingly—changes. Driven by this question, the Project seeks to create a well-defined pattern and resolve every moment there occurs a shift 75 in the rhythm. A repertoire of physical motifs must be designed to effectively connect and carry through the language in every instance of an architecture.

A holistic harmony that serves its criteria and bridges the opposing entities in the rhythm, architecture must strive to reconcile, to perfect points of connections, to be—ever present and strong—a mediator, unto itself.

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MAYAKA / Massing Studies 78

Iterations of massings

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Final massing

MAYAKA / Interim Proposal + Developemts

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Ours is an approach shaped by a manifestation of a series of reactions — towards the temple, the terrain, and the trees. The task was to design a tropical highrise that consciously responds to the landscape.

THE 3 AXES Through a formal investigation, it became apparent that the site was governed by three axes: the wind direction, the parallel terracing of the site, and the strip of road and the low-rise neighbourhood.

STEPPED FORM The stepped-form became the key motif. Oriented such that the units become perpendicular to the incoming breeze, the shape facilitates cross ventilation without obstructions. This also happens in section as the building assumes a ziggurat-like shape, thinning as it ascends, creating moments for communal spaces and gardens. The building shape, as a result, is an attempt at emulating the landscape of the site—albeit in a bit of an exaggerated manner.

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Previous - View from main courtyard Above - Urban massing axonometric Opposite - Master plan

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Masterplan Scale 1:500

A 7th Storey

6th Storey

5th Storey 18 units

B 4th Storey

3rd Storey

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2nd Storey

1st Storey

2

A

CO HOUSING SINGLE 2X SINGLE UNIT( 56 m )

B

CO HOUSING SINGLE 4X SINGLE UNIT( 56 m )

2

CO-HOUSING LAYOUT Scale 1:300

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Opposite - Exploded floor axonometric of co-housing building units Above - cardboard model of the stepped-form co-housing building

4.0

8.0

52.4 SQ. M. 8.0

3.0

4.0

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67.6 SQ. M. WITH GARDEN

4.40

8.40

2.71

52.4 SQ. M. WITH BALCONY

4.0

4.0

106.73 SQ. M. GARDEN & MAISONETTE

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Previous - Exploded floor axonometric with residential unit types Above - Unit model with stepped form

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Above - Unit model with stepped form

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Above - Internal atmosphere Opposite - External view of facade at night

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MAYAKA / Final Proposal 92

It has been clear since very early on in the project that there was a strong potential in the development of the stepped form. The jagged sword of a building. Ventilation. Light. The idea of being extended beyond the confines of the body of a box-like building. What it could mean towards the development of shapes and the structural system necessary to support it. The possibility of a rhythm and its nodes and variations as it carries across the building without the need to become a parametric design. The simplicity of a repeated motif that is both functional and expressive, that can carry on a language of its own and introduce it to the objectivities of architecture.

An issue found quite immediately with the alternating stepped form was that in order for the façade to support the building, there must exist a vertical relationship between every two floors—and that entails the floor in the middle being blocked off from sunlight and wind, and due to the fact that every floor is alternating, every floor will be somewhat enclosed. And there also remains that probing question posed by

tropical architecture regarding an open building on how an architect handles enclosure. It was clear that the structural system in question is one that acts both as a load-bearing column and a fence of sort— while avoiding fencing the floors off from light and ventilation.

Something that can bleed across the floor and grow upwards into a support. Something that is thinner in the middle such that wind and light can still come through.

The braided-arch modular system designed is borne out of the said set of constraints, and our own fascination with Gothic architecture; we were excited to see how such a dated architectural element would behave and contribute in this modern phenomenon of highrise buildings. And what we have as a result is a juxtaposition of not only the conceptual differences between a capitalistic residential arrangement and a Gothic semiology—but also the formal contrast between a jagged, strict zigzag pattern, and an undulating, almost organic, rolling form.

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Above - Structural system and connections Opposite - Module materiality

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Above - Internal atmosphere of typical unit

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Above - Internal atmosphere of unit with maisonette

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Above - Floor plan Opposite - Main unit types

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3-bedroom corner unit with balcony and maisonette

co-sharing corner unit with large balcony

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2-bedroom unit A

2-bedroom unit B

2-bedroom unit with side balcony

2-bedroom corner unit with large balcony

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Perspective section with terrain and landscape

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Previous - Void as a pause in the rhythm Above - Communal space in the Void Opposite - Communal floor at night time

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Opposite - Axonometric volume Above - Final massing model

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TANG YAT SHUN + BEATA KARLSSON

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124 Massing Studies 126 Interim Proposal + Developments 155 Final Proposal

High-density living along the city-fringe is an inevitability, and increasingly commodified, as urban space becomes both increasingly valuable and constrained. This is the underlying condition behind this scheme, and necessitates the scheme’s formal manifestation of an arrangement of slender skyscrapers, where an economy of living conditions is optimised.

The proliferation of co-living models globally is not one to be taken lightly; integral to this scheme’s approach is to deconstruct this model to its logical extreme, as an exploration of privacies and personal space within the residential highrise typology. Reassembled, this scheme seeks to mediate the notions of minimal privacies with the almost-antithetical expectations of luxury living.

This same concerns are that which drive the scheme’s structural and tectonic strategies; building envelope and structure is considered for its facade (with the implication of decorative) qualities, and elevational (implication: structurally performative). It cannot afford to be wasteful or skin-deep - it is not a means unto itself, perhaps at its height it partakes in the spirit of placemaking.

123 As Hegel notes, architecture is the initial point where ‘spirit’ and form take account of each other; architecture inaugurates the framework, while the spirit that imbues it is that of social rituals - in this case, that of co-living arrangements. Each informs the other, and thus both structure and zones of privacies become intertwined - these are not spaces designed with universality in mind. Arches and secondary skins, all repetitions of the same motif, meet to create a series of differentiated atmospheres, as part of an orchestrated step reinforcing the narrative of luxuriously-appointed co-living.

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Iterations of massings

Yat Shun + Beata / Massing Studies

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Iterations of massings

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The development of the project starts with manipulating massing with the aim of responsing to the site context. Since the site was originally a green area, one would want to keep the green condition by elevating the green spaces.

We also adopted square plans as the begining point since it is the most efficient way to connect the unit by minimizing circulation space. The other programs comes in with the elevated volumes which connect four towers.

The intersection of the towers and L-shape retangular blocks create specific moments allowing various programs.

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Previous - Approach from Stirling Road Above - A floating poduim structure Opposite - Master plan proposal

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Retail and Commercial

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Offices and Work Loft

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Family Units

Single and Double Studios

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Luxurious Apartments

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Parking

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Retail and Commercial Section 1:300 Parking

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Offices and Work Loft

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Single and Double Studios

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Luxurious Apartments

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0m 3m 6m 21-09-17 | SKYHIVE | Beata 15m + Joseph

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Typical Unit plan

Outrigger and Truss System

Sharing Balcony

Inverted Typical Units

Super Columns

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Intersect Unit Plan

Structural Facade

Opposite - Section and Plans for typical floors Above - Exploded axonometric

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Previous - Interior renderings with facade Above - Inter-floor connections by public space

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Above - 3D print of walls and column

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Above - Concrete cast of 3D print mold

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Above - Variation of communal spaces Opposite - Prominent shear wall sructure diagram

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Shear Wall + Floor Slab

Intergration

Mirror

Enclose

Intersect

Floor Slab

Column

Floor Slab

Wall

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Wall

Ventilation

Window

Door

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Above - Experimental structural diagram

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Above - Experimental structural diagram

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The project focuses on creating a densify and efficient tower in the tropics, therefore, square footprint and is maintained so that units could be access by the central core with eauqlly short distance.

In order to solve the compromise of tropical environment in a high denisty tower, units are then splitted in all dirctions to increase the amount of cross ventilation and openness of the courtyard. Co-sharing spaces for example living room and kitchen are introduced with natural ventilated condition while bedrooms contained with walls. Walls are flexible to adjust according to the preference of the users. Privacy is maintained by the interchangeable walls.

Double volume spaces and vertical connections between floors are the important elements contributing to the tropicality of the building.

The structure of the building is divided into two systems.

Cores and slaps are the primary structure which hold the whole building together. The secondary structural systems integrates wall and floors slabs and facade.

Which is a continious gesture of walls curving into the slabs.

The structure not only serves the function of support each floors but also defining the spaces of the units. It is then contour in order to create flexibility between units and in and outdoor.

The exterior facade design follows the language of the interior structure, shear walls. With curves and cuts of openings, it forms positive and negative spaces which allows the extrusion of furnitures.

Shear wall punchs through the facade and scales down to the intergration of furntiture.

The form of furnitures are the extruded from the facade, it generates connections between the inside and the outside .

The strong rigid planar curve language then is interpret on plan that stairs would spiral upwards to connect common spaces.

The units are full of openings which allows residents has the flexibility in choosing the facade or curtains according to thier preferences in privacy and climate.

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Previous - Collage of public space under podium

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Above - Axonometric site drawing

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Above - Collage of external atmosphere

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Above - Collage of external atmosphere

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Above - Section

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of the full scheme

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Above - Collage of office space

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Above - Collage of internal communal space

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Above - Plan of level 22

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Next - Collages of interior unit atmosphere

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Below - Structural elemetns of shear wall

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Below - Integration of shear walls, facade and furniture

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Previous - Collage of overall scheme atmosphere Above - A section of 1:50 Unitts and communal space

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Above - A section of 1:50 Unitts and communal space

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Above - 1:50 3D print and 1:20 column model

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Above - 1:50 3D print of column

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Above - 1:50 3D print of double floors unit

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Above - 1:50 3D print of lift core and shear walls

YANG WEICHUAN + EZRA AIK

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172 Massing Studies 174 Interim Proposal + Developments 177 Final Proposal

“TREEHIVE” The Treehive is a high density mixed-use project located along Stirling Rd. The site fetched higher than normal sale prices due to its proximity to the city centre and the rarity of similar city-fringe plots.

The project’s design premise is based on increasing value within the building’s habitable spaces. It aims to match the site’s predicted valuation through novel methods of examining residential typology and lifestyles within a co-sharing society. New structural and facade systems also encourage experimental approaches to the way users reside within the high-density dwelling.

Residents move through forest-like arrays of structural columns as they navigate a nearly wall-less living area. Instead, the columns offer varying levels of privacy and public living spaces become even more fluid 171 through these porous boundaries.

The estate’s structural systems double as facade and shading devices, serving as multi-function elements that further increase aesthetic appeal and sale-able residential footprints. The buildings are also situated with consideration for buffer areas that provide a degree of sensitivity to the surrounding changes in elevation (private houses) and programme (adjacent temple).

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Iterations of massings

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Final massing

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Early in the design stage, the site’s high sales price and unique demographic meant a residential project on the plot could not follow conventional spatial distribution patterns. Units required another source of value in order to reach the targeted sales price set during the bidding process.

The building positions and form were designed aroung the notion of generating value - either through maximising floor area with the highest sales potential (i.e. upper level units) or increasing unit numbers within affordable price ranges (as the sale of more individual units translated to higher price per sq ft.).

Central to the concept of value-driven design was finding means to translate potential sales value into tangible changes to building design and layout.

A double volume space with shared communal areas was initially proposed as a unique selling point that could increase prices. A tiered arrangement also allowed more units to be placed within a lower price bracket, providing a proportionate distribution of available units and a larger public spaces at the lower levels.

The exact distribution of unit types and distribution is based on overall nationwide demographics, which allowed an extrapolation of potential buyers and markets the residential project could cater to.

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Previous - Approach from Stirling Road Above - Terraced residential spaces Opposite - Connected buildings with green space between private estate

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5 Bedroom Stack

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4 Bedroom Stack

1/2 Bedroom Stack FACADE RENDER | UNIT STACKINGS PROJECT SKYHIVE W+E

Opposite - Residential layout iterations Above - Room arrangement with central lift core

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Opposite - Green private lobby space Above - Spatial layout testing model

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Above - 3D print of structure-facade Opposite - Differing facade designs for different orientations

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The project’s structural facade had to be scalable for different purposes and spaces. Without walls, the facade served as a porous boundary between spaces and demarcated circulation areas on the residential floors. The initial removal of interior walls was done to allow both programmatic sharing among residents and provide suggest alternative forms of tropical design for the building. However, that also meant the structural facade was tasked with much of the climatic control and weather protection.

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Without a conventional plan of shear walls and column supports, a multi-layered facade was initially conceptualised to better address the issues associated with wall-less plans. The secondary layer could serve to further control sunlighting and provide more diffused illumination during daylight hours.

A double-layered facade also had the added benefit of more clearly defined pattern with increased depth, generating more nuanced forms compared to single-layered building skins.

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Above - Mapping of solar radiation to facade size

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The repetitive facade elements were designed with tropicality in mind. portions of the facade structure could be changed according to solar radiation conditions on site, resulting in a building facade that was unique to each unit.

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Above - Office block

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Above - Retail block

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Above - Sectional cut across ridge space

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Above - Scalable facade structures

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The fabrication process involved testing different facade treatment methods in order to arrive at a reproducible structure that could be used both as 215 a structure element and a facade.

Certain iterations worked well digitally, however, their inherent complexities made them impractical and cost-prohibitive with the tools available. Other examples worked well as structural members, but met with difficulties during the prototyping phase as the design was not well suited to 3D printing. A balance was required between aesthetics and function as we hoped the columns and facade could contribute to the building as climatic devices, instead of merely structural supports.

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Queensway Public Library

800m

Queensway Stadium

385 m

0m 55

Mei Chin Road Market + Foodcourt

30

First Tier Attractors

Vistas, Transportation Nodes, CBD, Well-known Instituitions

0m

Second Tier Attractors

nd el La arc P

Shopping Malls, Commercial Buildings, Amenities

450 m

430 m

70 0m

0m 70

400m

300m

Rumah Tinggi Eco Park

580m

Ikea

Queensway Shopping Centre Neighbourhood Park Alexandra Hospital Alexandra Village Foodcourt

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Instutuitional Commercial Public Housing Private Housing Private Housing (Multi)

Cost analysis of different plots along the queensway site yielded a 219 general trend of increasing value around certain markers such as the train station. The impact of these markers were varied, with public housing prices being pushed as high as private condominiums for residences adjacent to the MRT station. Land value hovered around S$1,200 for condominiums and S$500 for public housing (per sq. ft).

The site, however, was sold at a bid price that translated to S$1,400 psf, factoring in construction costs and profit margin according to typical development figures. Demographic studies also revealed condominium residences limited in affordability, largely to mid-career, doubleincome families.

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224 Massing Studies 226 Interim Proposal + Developments 155 Final Proposal

High-density living along the city-fringe is an inevitability, and increasingly commodified, as urban space becomes both increasingly valuable and constrained. This is the underlying condition behind this scheme, and necessitates the scheme’s formal manifestation of an arrangement of slender skyscrapers, where an economy of living conditions is optimised.

The proliferation of co-living models globally is not one to be taken lightly; integral to this scheme’s approach is to deconstruct this model to its logical extreme, as an exploration of privacies and personal space within the residential highrise typology. Reassembled, this scheme seeks to mediate the notions of minimal privacies with the almost-antithetical expectations of luxury living.

This same concerns are that which drive the scheme’s structural and tectonic strategies; building envelope and structure is considered for its facade (with the implication of decorative) qualities, and elevational (implication: structurally performative). It cannot afford to be wasteful or skin-deep - it is not a means unto itself, perhaps at its height it partakes in the spirit of placemaking.

221 As Hegel notes, architecture is the initial point where ‘spirit’ and form take account of each other; architecture inaugurates the framework, while the spirit that imbues it is that of social rituals - in this case, that of co-living arrangements. Each informs the other, and thus both structure and zones of privacies become intertwined - these are not spaces designed with universality in mind. Arches and secondary skins, all repetitions of the same motif, meet to create a series of differentiated atmospheres, as part of an orchestrated step reinforcing the narrative of luxuriously-appointed co-living.

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Iterations of massings

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Final massing - towers atop a village

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High-density living along the city-fringe is an inevitability, as urban space becomes both increasingly valuable and constrained. This is the underlying condition behind this scheme, and necessitates the scheme’s formal manifestation of an arrangement of slender skyscrapers, where an economy of living conditions is optimised.

The proliferation of co-living models globally is not one to be taken lightly; integral to this scheme’s approach is to deconstruct this model to its logical extreme, as an exploration of privacies and personal space within the residential highrise typology. Reassembled, this scheme seeks to mediate the notions of minimal privacies with the almost-antithetical expectations of luxury living.

This same concerns are that which drive the scheme’s structural and tectonic strategies; building envelope and structure is considered for its facade (with the implication of decorative) qualities, and elevational (implication: structurally performative). It cannot afford to be wasteful or skin-deep - it is not a means unto itself, perhaps at its height it partakes in the spirit of placemaking.

As Hegel notes, architecture is the initial point where ‘spirit’ and form take account of each other; architecture inaugurates the framework, while the spirit that imbues it is that of social rituals - in this case, that of co-living arrangements. Each informs the other, and thus both structure and zones of privacies become intertwined - these are not spaces designed with universality in mind. Arches and secondary skins, all repetitions of the same motif, meet to create a series of differentiated atmospheres, as part of an orchestrated step reinforcing the narrative of luxuriously-appointed co-living.

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Previous - Approach from Stirling Road Above - A floating communal core Opposite - Triangular forms in a orthogonal landscape

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Previous - Section of communal core Above - Unit-types anchored by communal core

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Previous - Generous double-height living spaces Above - Structure-facade variations

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Above, opposite - 3D print of structure-facade

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Above - Collage of internal atmosphere Opposite, top - A skeletal-gothic communal core Opposite, bottom - A continuous stack of shared spaces

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Sean + Seth / Final Proposal 238

This proposal, from the beginning, has sought to articulate an arrangement of shared space through a breathable/tropical articulation of column structures. In doing such, it seeks to blur the boundary between private and public space, creating an entirely new and thoroughly modern incarnation of the apartment block in the process.

Although derived from an extremely refined planning process, the way the units fit together allows for a kind of co-shared space befitting of the 21st centuries sharing culture. Instead of maximized private space within the unit, walls are broken down and an enhanced shared space both in the primary floor plates as well as in the tertiary internal space emerge. The program diversifies as the towers rise, providing a list of shared amenities such as co-working and shared dining facilities that only augment the traditional experience of apartment block living.

To articulate these shared spaces, the column grid and structure provide a barrier, in several

different forms, from public to private. The exterior shell provides a primary structural cage in which the program of the building is inserted. The undulation of the primary facade columns allows for rich shared spaces and corridors adjacent to the units themselves, and helps to define the rhythm of various programs as they abut one another. A secondary column structure is used within the building itself to define barriers between units, and a mesh screen defined by the language of these columns is inserted where necessary (such as near bedrooms or bathrooms) to provide even more privacy, all the while preserving the openness and shared aspects so apparent in the plan.

The columns themselves were designed to give these shared spaces an atmospheric quality not seen in high density apartment blocks, evoking the vaulted ceilings and spatial qualities of a gothic cathedral. The language of the columns is repeated to form the linguistic glue tying the building together.

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Previous -View from Queens Condominium Above - Towers atop a village

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Towers atop a village

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A new ground

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Above - Section through site Opposite - Structurally-expressive communal core

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Plan of duplex arrangements

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Above - Plan of co-living arrangement Opposite - Lush, verdant verandas and living spaces

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Previous - Sectionally-rich co-living spaces Above, opposite - Communal core - anchoring tower-clusters

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Communal core

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Structure, space and circulation around a veranda

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Structural Frame Model

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Structural Model close up

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A series of moulds and casts

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STUDIO FLORIAN SCHĂ„TZ is a design and research studio at the Department of Architecture at the National University of Singapore, that emphasises the design of architectural projects through additive manufacturing as construction method.

SKYHIVE documents a design strategy through model-making, rapid prototyping, 3D printing and visual communication, where new architecture emerges in the intersection between engineering, real-estate and new construction techniques.

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Department of Architecture Studio Florian Schätz