Washington University in St. Louis: Forsyth Pilot Mobility Marking Project Specification Manual

WASH U // FORSYTH PILOT MOBILITY MARKING PROJECT SPECIFICATION MANUAL

GUIDELINES

This is a manual of specifications regarding size, spacing and material of bicycle and pedestrian marking on streets, paths and sidewalks in and around Washington University at St. Louis.

NOTE

All markings that are located on public streets should conform to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).

Recommendations are based on the National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) 2012 Urban Bikeway Design Guide which has been approved by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).

The specifications provided in the booklet are for information only. Street markings, including size, orientation, color and symbol compliance need to be verified to conform with Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) standards prior to implementation where appropriate.

CONSULTANT TEAM Louise Grassov Oliver Schulze Mohammed Al-Mahmood Mike Schwindeller Jonathan Froines

Cover image: Creative Commons - Mecki Mac Document Copyright: Schulze + Grassov, November 2013

Schulze + Grassov ApS Niels Ebessens Vej 11, st. th DK 1911 Frderiksberg C Copenhagen, Denmark www.schulzeplusgrassov.com

FRESH PAINT PILOT PROJECT OVERVIEW Pilot project site definition Code compliance at intersections

ONE: INTERSECTION TREATMENTS 1.

2.

3.

4.

Hoyt Drive Houston Way Wallace Drive Skinker Boulevard

TWO: MARKING SPECIFICATIONS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Pedestrian symbol Elephant feet Bicycle with arrow Stop line, path Stop line, road Rumble strip

THREE: CONCLUSIONS

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Zebra crossing Green bike lane Sharrow symbol Bike box Pedestrian / bike shared space

WALLACE DRIVE

N BIG BEND BLVD

OLYMPIAN WAY

PILOT MARKINGS PROJECT OVERVIEW

forsyth boulevard

connector streets

signalised intersection

non-signalized intersection

PILOT PROJECT AREA

pilot extents

The Forsyth Pilot extends from the area just west of Wallace Drive to the area just east of Skinker Blvd. All driveways and intersections along this 2,700 ft stretch of Forsyth are part of the Pilot. The project area is indicated above in yellow.

CODE COMPLIANCE

SKINKER BLVD

HOYT DRIVE

CHAPLIN DRIVE

HOUSTON WAY

TOLMAN WAY

OVERVIEW

Markings to be applied on path surfaces on campus grounds are optimized to sizes, spacing, location and iconography to maximize legibility for pedestrians, bicyclists and motorists in these specific situations. At some intersections where public streets are to receive markings, the markings will have to comply with relevant codes in agreement with local authorities.

Relevant intersections indicated above.

SECTION 1 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS

TREATMENT TYPOLOGIES

LEGIBILITY OF FORSYTH INTERSECTIONS TODAY HOYT DRIVE is an access point to the Danforth Campus where here there is significant movement of crossing buses, cars, bicyclists and pedestrians in and out of campus - without the provision of traffic signals. Today this access point forms one of the critical locations on Forsyth Boulevard where the material language of the intersection and adjacent bicycle and pedestrian path fails to create a safe and legible interface between different modes of transport. Accidents between bicyclists and cars have occurred at this location.

Located at the intersection of Forsyth Boulevard and HOUSTON WAY is a raised table cycle & pedestrian connection to the surface parking lot. The route, composed of high quality materials, is a primary access point for pedestrians and cyclists moving between the core and perimeter of campus.

SKINKER BOULEVARD is an important gateway corner to the Danforth Campus. At this location we can observe today busy vehicular traffic on Skinker forming a barrier to pedestrians and cyclists making their way to Forrest Park or South Skinker. Informal off-campus parking generates additional pedestrian movement in these locations.

At WALLACE DRIVE there are compounding factors that make for poor legibility. There is strong pedestrian movement in the north-south direction between South 40 and Danforth Campus on undersized sidewalks. East-west pedestrian movement and bicycle movement north of Forsyth has to navigate a difficult bike path terminus transition to a narrow sidewalk cluttered by posts for lamps, signals, and fences alongside mature trees.

INTERSECTION TREATMENTS

HOYT DRIVE (NORMAL INTERSECTION)

HOUSTON WAY (PEDESTRIAN/CYCLE ENTRANCE)

WALLACE DRIVE (START/END)

SKINKER BLVD (START/END)

OVERVIEW The following pages will detail the placement of markings to be used along Forsyth Boulevard. These markings include the following types:

pedestrian symbol

“elephant feet”

bike with arrow

stop line, path

15” 15”

stop line, road

15”

rumble strip VARIES BASED ON CROSSING LENGTH

INTERSECTION TREATMENTS

green zebra crossing

green bike crossing

green

sharrow

bike box

15” 15”

pedestrian/bike shared space

15”

VARIES BASED ON CROSSING LENGTH

INTERSECTION TREATMENTS MARKING SPECIFICATIONS

HOUSTON WAY

HOYT DRIVE

N 10 ft

WALLACE DRIVE

scale 1”: 10’

20 ft

SKINKER BLVD

N 10 ft scale 1”: 10’

INTERSECTION TREATMENTS HOUSTON WAY MARKING SPECIFICATIONS 1.

2.

3.

4.

PEDESTRIAN SYMBOL (4) BIKE WITH ARROW (10) STOP LINE, PATH (1) ELEPHANT FEET (3 LINES)

4 1

3

2 For reference only: Not to scale (NTS) N 10 ft

20 ft

HOYT DRIVE MARKING SPECIFICATIONS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

PEDESTRIAN SYMBOL (2) ELEPHANT FEET (3 LINES) STOP LINE, ROAD (1) RUMBLE STRIPS (2 SETS) BIKE WITH ARROW (6)

3 4

For reference only: NTS

1 2

5

INTERSECTION TREATMENTS HOW IT WORKS 1

car from north

car from south

1

Car approaches ramped intersection with caution

Car slows for turn, approaches ramp with caution N

10 ft

2

scale 1”: 10’ N 10 ft

20 ft

scale 1”: 10’

2

Car stops at stop line, looks for bicyclists & pedestrians, proceeds forward when clear

Car stops at elephant feet, looks for bicyclists & pedestrians, proceeds forward when clear N

10 ft

scale 1”: 10’

3

N 10 ft

20 ft

scale 1”: 10’

3

Car pulls over path, stops in caution before pulling into street

Car pulls over path with caution, proceeds onto street N

scale 1”: 10’ N 10 ft

20 ft

10 ft

WALLACE DRIVE MARKING SPECIFICATIONS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

PEDESTRIAN SYMBOL (2) PEDESTRIAN/BIKE SHARED SPACE (2) BIKE WITH ARROW (7) ELEPHANT FEET (7 LINES) STOP LINE, ROAD (1) STOP LINE, PATH (2)

1

2

7. RUMBLE STRIPS (4 SETS) 8. ZEBRA CROSSING (1 SET) 9. SHARROW SYMBOL (12) 10. BIKE BOX (1) 11. GREEN BIKE LANES (1, TWO -WAY)

5 8 6 3 11 4

9

10 For reference only: NTS

7

INTERSECTION TREATMENTS SKINKER BLVD MARKING SPECIFICATIONS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

PED SYMBOL (1) 7. GREEN BIKE LANES* PEDESTRIAN/BIKE SHARED SPACE (1) BIKE WITH ARROW (2) ELEPHANT FEET* RUMBLE STRIPS (1 SET) ZEBRA CROSSING*

*#4,6 & 7 are recommended for future treatment of the Forsyth & Skinker Blvd intersection and therefore are not included in the total symbol count.

3

1 5

6

2 4

For reference only: NTS

7

SECTION 2 MARKING SPECIFICATIONS

MARKING SPECIFICATIONS OVERVIEW // REVIEW The following pages will detail the placement and dimensioning of markings to be used along Forsyth Boulevard. These markings include the following types:

pedestrian symbol

“elephant feet”

bike with arrow

stop line, path

15” 15”

stop line, road

15”

rumble strip VARIES BASED ON CROSSING LENGTH

MARKING SPECIFICATIONS

green zebra crossing

green bike crossing

green

sharrow

bike box

15” 15”

pedestrian/bike shared space

15”

VARIES BASED ON CROSSING LENGTH

MARKINGS: PEDESTRIAN SYMBOL LOCATION

Off-street path intersection

PURPOSE

The main purpose of a pedestrian symbol is to show users how space is allocated. It reduces conflicts between pedestrians and bicycles along the path. It should also be used at intersections as an additional warning sign for vehicles that are crossing the path at an intersection.

SPACE ALLOCATION WARNING SIGN

CL

CL

For reference only: NTS

PEDESTRIAN SYMBOL SPECIFICATIONS • • • •

Material: Thermoplastic Spacing from intersection: C/L vehicle travel lane, C/L pedestrian zone Orientation: facing oncoming traffic Dimensions: 27” x 48”

EXAMPLES

Based on the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approved symbols that are readily available.

48”

27”

Scale: 3/4” = 1’

MARKINGS: ELEPHANT FEET LOCATION

Off-street path and intersection

PURPOSE

Elephant feet delineate the different zones for travel. A solid line separates the bicycles from the pedestrians. In the bicycle zone, a dotted line separates the two directions of travel. At an intersection all lines are dotted to function as a warning sign to vehicles crossing perpendicular to the path.

SPACE DIVIDER WARNING SIGN

CL

For reference only: NTS

ELEPHANT FEET

SPECIFICATIONS INTERSECTION GUIDE LINES • • • •

Material: Hot Tape Dimensions: 15” wide line x 15” long (14-20” square acceptable) Spacing: 15” on center Placement: C/L and edge of bicycle path (avoid expansion joints and stone strip divider)

15” 15” 15”

VARIES BASED ON CROSSING LENGTH

VARIES BASED ON CROSSING LENGTH

Scale: 1/4” = 1’

MARKINGS: BICYCLE WITH ARROW LOCATION

Off-street path intersection

PURPOSE

This symbol is used along the path and at intersections as an indication of path use and direction of bicycles. It also alerts drivers that they are crossing a two-way bicycle path. The markings work in conjunction with elephant feet to guide opposing bicycle traffic as well as pedestrian traffic.

SPACE ALLOCATION WARNING SIGN

CL

CL For reference only: NTS

BICYCLE WITH ARROW SPECIFICATIONS • • • •

Material: Paint Spacing from intersection: C/L vehicle travel lane, C/L bicycle path Orientation: facing bicyclist view entering driveway Dimensions: Arrow: 24” x 72” (FHWA) Arrow: 24” x 24” (preferred) Bicycle: 39” x 48” (FHWA) Bicycle: 48” x 48” (preferred)

EXAMPLES

Based on the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approved symbols that are readily available.

Based on the current bicycle icon being used on Centennial Greenway. It will take longer and cost more to create a custom icon.

24”

72”

24” 72”

CL

24”

192”

24”

CL 48”

48”

48”

39”

Scale: 3/16” = 1’

96”

Scale: 3/16” = 1’

MARKINGS: STOP LINE (PATH) LOCATION

Off-street path at intersection

PURPOSE

The stop line on the two-way bicycle path is necessary at high traffic intersections like Wallace Blvd. While text graphics can be used, it is preferred to create legible markings that can be read by all.

SAFETY WARNING SIGN INSTRUCTION SPEED CONTROL

For reference only: NTS

STOP LINE (PATH) SPECIFICATIONS • • • •

Material: Thermoplastic Length of line: Bicycle path width Width of line: 15” Placement: At curb before existing truncated dome

15” X Based on bicycle lane width and radius of curb

For reference only: NTS

MARKINGS: STOP LINE (ROAD) LOCATION

On road at intersection with off-street path

PURPOSE

The stop lines in the road are clear indications to approaching vehicles that they are crossing a multi-use path. For traffic coming from a side street turning onto a main street (Forsyth Blvd), it is a required stop line.

INSTRUCTION WARNING SIGN

CL

For reference only: NTS

STOP LINE (ROAD)

SPECIFICATIONS • • • •

Material: Hot tape Width: 24” (12-24” allowed under MUTCD) Length: Variable, based on width of roadway Color: White

C L

24” VARIES BASED ON CROSSING LENGTH

For reference only: NTS

X

X

C L

VARIES BASED ON CROSSING LENGTH

MARKINGS: RUMBLE STRIPS LOCATION

Off-street path intersection

PURPOSE

Rumble strips are to be placed on the bicycle path as both a warning sign and for speed control as cyclists approach intersections.

They can vary in number of strips based on the traffic speeds and volumes for each individual street crossing. They must have the right thickness to them in order to produce the desired rumble awareness effect without negative impacts to bicycles. For this reason thermoplastic is preferred and paint is not suitable.

WARNING SIGN SPEED CONTROL

For reference only: NTS

RUMBLE STRIPS SPECIFICATIONS • • • • •

Material: Thermoplastic Width of line: 4” Spacing from intersection: set back from curb 10ft Spacing between lines: 7” Number of lines: 5

108” 4”

7” 48”

Scale: 3/8” = 1’

MARKINGS: ZEBRA CROSSING LOCATION

Street intersection

PURPOSE

Zebra crossings are to be placed at street intersections as both a warning sign and for speed control as drivers approach and pass.

They serve to demarcate the right of way of the pedestrian as well as a reminder of the caution drivers must show while crossing the intersection. Additionally, they serve to guide the pedestrian to the safest crossing point along the street. Thermoplastic is preferred for its durability in heavy traffic intersections.

WARNING SIGN SPEED CONTROL

For reference only: NTS

ZEBRA CROSSING SPECIFICATIONS • • • • •

Material: Thermoplastic Width of line: 20” (6-24” allowed, MUTCD) Spacing between lines: same as width Spacing from intersection: curb to curb Number of lines: dependent on width of street

x” varies based on width of street

x”

For reference only: NTS

20”

20”

varies based on width of sidewalk

MARKINGS: GREEN BIKE CROSSING LOCATION Intersection

PURPOSE

Green bike crossings indicate the desired route for cyclists to cross the intersection, as well as display this route to vehicles.

The visibility and legibility of the bike route creates an environment where both cyclist and driver know what to expect, adding to the safety of the interaction. Additionally, drivers will generally be more cautious when crossing the bike lane.

WARNING SIGN SPEED CONTROL

CL

For reference only: NTS

GREEN BIKE CROSSING SPECIFICATIONS • • • • •

Material: Paint Width of lane: Varies based on bike lane width Spacing from intersection: In line with bike lane Bike & arrow symbol centered on crossing lane Color: Green (specific shade to be decided with client)

x” varies based on width of street elephant feet placed on either side of bike crossing, and on centerline if two-way bike crossing (see specification sheet for dimensions)

CL symbol centered on bike lane

For reference only: NTS

CL

symbol with bike centered on intersecting roadway lane

x”

varies based on width of bike lane

MARKINGS: PED BIKE SHARED SPACE LOCATION

Bike lane/sidewalk interface

PURPOSE

At the intersection of both Skinker and of Wallace, the two-way bike lane shares a section of the pathway with pedestrians. At these points it is necessary to have symbols indicating this change. Thermoplastic symbols as seen in previous specifications, will be coupled to produce the ‘shared’ quality of the path.

SPACE ALLOCATION WARNING SIGN SPEED CONTROL

C L

For reference only: NTS

PED BIKE SHARED SPACE SPECIFICATIONS • • • •

Material: Thermoplastic Spacing From Intersection: set back from curb at least 10ft Dimensions: Ped: 27”x48” Bicycle: 48”x48” Spacing between symbols: 24”

27”

48”

24”

CL

120”

48”

48”

For reference only: NTS

MARKINGS: BIKE BOX LOCATION

Stoplight at intersection

PURPOSE

The bike box serves to allocate space between pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles.

By positioning the box behind the pedestrian crosswalk, cyclists are less likely to block pedestrian movement. Similarly, cars wait behind the bike box, with bicyclists highly visible to the motorists.

SPACE ALLOCATION WARNING SIGN SPEED CONTROL WARNING SIGN C L

For reference only: NTS

BIKE BOX SPECIFICATIONS • Material: Paint & thermoplastic symbol • Width of box: 10-16 foot from pedestrian crossing • Color: Green (Specific shade to be decided with client)

Curb to first lane line (Start of ped crossing)

10-16’

X’

C L ForFor reference reference only: only: NTSNTS

MARKINGS: SHARROW LOCATION

Bike box, intersection

PURPOSE

Sharrow symbols communicate to drivers that the road is shared with cyclists.

Additionally, sharrows display the safest positioning of the bicyclists on the roadway.

WARNING SIGN SPEED CONTROL SPACE ALLOCATION C L

For reference only: NTS

C L

SHARROW SPECIFICATIONS • Material: Thermoplastic • Placement: Centered on lane north/south lanes • 40” x 112” (Dimension according to MUTCD standard)

C L

112

72”

40”

For reference only: NTS

SECTION 3 CONCLUSIONS

PILOT MARKINGS PROJECT SUMMARY PILOT PROJECT BENEFITS AND LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE HOYT DRIVE PERSPECTIVE

Hoyt Drive may transform from unsignaled driveway into a signalled intersection as the East Precinct is developed.

The pilot can be a first step to improve legibility until Hoyt Drive is transformed into a more significant and well used street in the hierarchy of streets on campus. Hoyt Drive forms the primary access to the proposed future underground parking on the East Precinct.

HOUSTON WAY PERSPECTIVE

Despite the raised-level crossing for pedestrians and cyclists there have been reported conflicts in this location. Whilst the raised crossing is a clear signal to cyclists and pedestrians that they have a purposedesigned path of travel, motorists may be less expecting of pedestrians and bicyclists moving in an area where car parking activity visually dominates.

WALLACE DRIVE PERSPECTIVE Further evaluation is required for how the system will continue past Wallace Drive in the future. Decisions have to be made on how to create enough space for cyclists to continue on a similar path alignment or if it is feasible to transfer bicycle traffic from the path to the street. Traffic levels, turning movement, location of signals & lamp posts, mature trees, design of sidewalks all need consideration.

SKINKER BLVD PERSPECTIVE The crossings of Forsyth and Skinker Blvd are important today, and will become more important in the future as the East Precinct is transformed. A gateway ‘reception’ square should be studied in which more generous space is integrated for walking, bicycling and also meeting and greeting places for people to rest as they enter Danforth Campus or Forrest Park.

SUMMARY

HOYT DRIVE PILOT

Hoyt Drive Pilot is the model for secondary, unsignaled, driveways connecting Danforth Campus and Forsyth Blvd in the near future. Street markings in the driveway clearly delineate areas for each mode of transport and placing legible symbols in the path of travel increases the awareness of other modes of transport in conflict areas.

HOUSTON WAY PILOT

N 10 ft scale 1”: 10’

N 10 ft scale 1”: 10’

20 ft

The connector from the perimeter two-directional bike path will be treated with the same family of markings that motorists, cyclists and pedestrians recognize from encounters at the campus perimeter. The visibility of the street markings will improve the demarcation of zones for different users and increase awareness of potential crossing movement at this location.

20 ft

WALLACE DRIVE PILOT The Wallace Pilot improves legibility for cyclists in creating a clear terminus for bicyclists west of the intersection. This facility will increase bicyclist awareness of north-south pedestrian movement and encourage cyclists to dismount as they transfer to on-street facilities.

SKINKER BLVD PILOT The Skinker Blvd Pilot improves legibility for cyclists in creating a clear terminus for bicyclists east of the intersection. This facility will increase bicyclist awareness of north-south pedestrian movement and encourage cyclists to dismount as they transfer to on-street facilities.

mail@schulzeplusgrassov.com

www.schulzeplusgrassov.com