GYAN GRAM Knowledge City Architectural Overview
General Director & Project Coordinator Javier Jileta Edition Javier Jileta Jorge Cabrera Román Meyer Eduardo Castro Research & Content Development José Carlos Barranco Alejandro Cabrales Abraham García Kenneth Lazo Luisa Mancera Jorge Luis Salas David Sánchez Translation Kenneth Lazo Luisa Mancera Art Direction Eduardo Castro Design Eduardo Castro Danira Espinosa Romina Rivera Photography Shutterstock Ilustration Emilio Cantón Renders Alejandro Cabrales Román Meyer Daniel Ceceña Alberto Lara Reproduction of all or part of this work by any means, including electronic, is prohibited without the express permission from the copyright owner. Copyrights of the published texts are the property of Cientika, AC, unless otherwise specified. The US Dollar amounts published were calculated on the Exchange rate in effect as of May, 2012. Most amounts may be rounded in order to facilitate Reading comprehension.
GYAN GRAM
Architectural Overview
GYAN GRAM Knowledge City Architectural overview Cities are complex systems that encompass enormous abilities to foster high value added creation. Understanding the components that make up a city mesh is crucial for the development of any knowledge city. In this case, Gyan Gram is composed of a carefully chosen mix of elements that foster innovation and knowledge. Carefully examining the local surrounding and millennia-old architecture give guidelines as to how to optimize the city. Thus allowing for a modern conception of a knowledge city while maintaining essential Gujarati components. Knowledge cities require a considerable amount of resources to be spent in focusing on creating attractive interaction spaces. Knowledge as we understand is built through the exchange of highly specialized ideas. Attracting talent is one of the priorities that this document has in mind. It is only through attractive, open and public spaces that talent thrives for without the proper scene interaction does not take place. Talent is public space thirsty, and such space must comply to the highest world standards. This brief provides the vision and key elements that are to be developed in detail throughout. These ingredients are what give the development the knowledge city status. Carefully maintaining the balance and synchrony is of the utmost importance.
Scientika
CHAPTER
1
Land context & Urban design
CHAPTER
2
CHAPTER
3
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
Master plan guideline overview
10
Land Location
20
Distrubution of Programs
50
Design Parameters
12
Contextual Study:
22
Components Distribution
54
Sustainable Design Parameters
The Land and its Sourroundings
24
Mixed-Use Programs
56
Transportation
14
Urban Fabric
26
Defining the Density Criteria
60
Sustainability:
16
Street Blocks
28
Health Facilities
32
Education and Residential Facilities
34
Commerce and Office Facilities
36
Light Industry and Basic Service Facilities
INDEX
38
Public Spaces and Ammenities
40
Green Area and Nature Reserve
Solid waste and water treatment 62
Smart Grids: Intelligent Energy Systems
The site’s strategic location near Ahmedabad creates a wealth of possibilities for the sustained, long-term success of the Health City
LAND LOCATION
Land context & Urban design
DELHI
469 miles
1h 20 mins. 578.5 miles
12h 41 mins. 15h 40 mins.
Thanks to its centric location in Gujarat, the Health City will provide state-of the art facilities on specilaized treatments for the region, and other important cities within India
GUJARAT AHMEDABAD
GANDHINAGAR 16.78 miles 0 h 43 mins. 0 h 38 mins.
RAJKOT
142.29 miles 4 h 12 mins. 3 h 46 mins.
The site is conveniently located at 53 miles from Ahmedabad Airport
VODADORA 70.84 miles 1 h 40 mins. 2 h 05 mins.
BHAVNAGAR 107.5 miles 5 h 45 mins. 3 h 12 mins.
Health City
SURAT
164.66 miles 3 h 45 mins. 4 h 09 mins.
SURENDRANAGAR 27.2 miles
AHMEDABAD 49.5 miles 53.31 miles
to train station to airport
to train station
MUMBAI 275 miles
1h
327.46 miles
8h 7 mins. 7h 55 mins.
10
Plot to northern highway number 7: 2.77 miles Plot to southern highwaynumber 17: 3.75 miles
11
CONTEXTUAL STUDY: THE LAND AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
Land context & Urban design
Sections
+5m
channel
high vegetation
sand
+2m
+1m
A
It is of vital importance to consider the natural context in which the new city is situated when designing a project proposal. In identifying basic data regarding temperatures, rainfall or wind, we can underline certain characteristics that will make the city easier to live in. Aside from the natural setting, by situating the connections and boundaries of the future city, we will be able to establish a strategy to improve the efficiency of the functionality and future growth of the urban development. The site in question is located approximately 75km to the west of Ahemedabad. It is accessible through highway 7 after about 2 hours of commuting. The location of the site, so close to Ahmedabad and Ghandinagar puts it in a strategic position for its future development.
low vegetation
high vegetation +2m
-1m
flooding zone
B 0m
agriculture area
water -3m
C 45 40
N
Low Vegetation
1
2
High Vegetation
35
350
30
300
25
250
20
200
15
150
10
100
5
50
0
ºC
Flooding zone
J an
350 300 250
3
SW
150
Town
B
4
C
Area 790 ha 0
Water channel
Low Vegetation
1
High Vegetation
Flooding zone
Water
2
Mean minimum (C°)
100 50
0 Feb Jan MarFeb Apr Mar
Rainfall (mm)
0 May May J un Jun J ulJul Aug Apr Aug
Rainfall Amount (mm) Mean Temperature
S ep Oct Oct NovNov Sep Dec Dec Mean Minimum
mm Jan
Feb
Rainfall and Temperature1 Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Hong Kong Observatory
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Rainfall Amount (mm)
The surrounding region has a semi-arid climate with three identified seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. The overall climate is extremely hot and dry with the exception of monsoon season. From october to may, the climate remains arid with high temperatures, while from june to september, the winds of the southeast bring little humidity to the environment—including some rainfall and light flooding.
SECTION
A
Mean (C°)
200
Mean Maximum
Water
Mean maximum (C°)
Town
Water Channel
100
Area 790ha
1000m
500
Prevailing winds
3
4
The dominant winds come from the southwest and are much more intense in the monsoon season. It is important to consider the wind’s role—given that the climate is very dry and hot—and use it efficiently with other elements to try and keep the environment cool. The proposed site is located 25km from Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary. This natural reserve is the largest sanctuary for avian species in Gujarat, and one the most well protected habitats throughout India. The sanctuary consists of marshland that fluctuate water levels throughout the year. It is after monsoon season when various migratory species of birds arrive, spending the winter there. The sanctuary is home to pelicans, flamingos, storks, herons, duck, antelope and wild ass—and endangered species.
12
1
Hong Kong Obervatory Climatological Information for Ahmedabad (2011), 2012.
13
URBAN FABRIC
Land context & Urban design
The urban fabric is designed taking into consideration two important aspects. Identifying and adopting elements of the Indian urban fabric is essential to preserve integrity of local communities and the design of their spaces and buildings. The Health city aims to preserve such organic aspects of Indian urban concentrations. Second, urban planning is important to imagine improvements in quality of life for future generations of inhabitants. The mix of the organic Indian city and the planned scheme will be part of the design for the Health City.
The health City urban fabric design preserves essential Indian elements combined with strategic urban planning to guarantee life quality of its inhabitants
Pedestrian circuit
Central Pedestrian corridor
Avenues
Access Point
Water body
Outline
14
Exterior Circuit
Interior Circuit
Access Point
Final scheme
15
STREET BLOCKS The city is divided into blocks, which will contain ceters that are free space designated for green public areas. The city blocks will be multifunctional spaces, becoming commercial, residential, office, and laboratory spaces with amenities. The design of the urban space will consist of the following elements of movement:
Unbuilt area per number of levels
3 - 5 levels 35% unbuilt area
6 - 8 levels 45% unbuilt area
Land context & Urban design
Open city block centers
lateral
central connected
street connector
corner
central
central connected
Up to 35 levels 50% unbuilt area special blocks 10m sidewalk
The city blocks are built in such a way as to optimize both green areas and built space
Avenues: 4 lanes that cross between the interior and exterior circuit becoming connecting axes from the east to the west Exterior Circuit: 6 lanes (3 in each direction) and traffic island, it is a rapid highway
Sidewalks: 7 meters and some special ones. City Block Centers: Each block has a section of free space that connects with green space or with another city block.
Green Buffer Zone: In the perimeter of the city, there is a green space that runs the alongside the exterior circuit and functions as an acoustic and visual barrier.
Project Area: It is the area of the city block that does not include sidewalks, cityblock centers or the pedestrain circuit. This becomes the construction site.
Pedestrian Circuit: In the same design of the interior circuit road, the pedestrian circuit runs throughout the city crossing city blocks and building lots. This design ensures a space free from motor vehicles, mixed-use function, amenities and public spaces that generate vibrant urban life.
Public Transportation stops Public Parking Locations
Bicycle Lanes: Laid out throughout the city, 2m wide going in both directions. Interior Circuit: 4 lanes (2 in each direction) and traffic island, it is a medium speed boulevard that connects the entire city.
16
Public bicycles parking
City Block Centers
17
The site’s strategic location near Ahmedabad creates a wealth of possibilities for the sustained, long-term success of the Health City 18
19
DISTRIBUTION OF PROGRAMS The principle behind mixed-use urban models involves a shift in the way we conceive cities today. Cities are capable of offering significant advantages to its inhabitants, public spaces, and the natural environment. The proposed zoning designs are not limited to any normative model, order or precedence, but instead are highly adaptable to the necessities of each geographic location. Bringing together a mix of uses in one location allows greater public access to specific spaces while ensuring property rights of private space. The population will integrate successfully according to how well connected residential, work, health, and public space become. The master plan consists of 379 hectares divided into 8 sectors. A green belt will surround the master plan with public space oriented towards outdoor activities. The green space will be a layer separating the city from the uninhabited and unexploited green space beyond the city’s perimeter. Each one of the 8 sectors is connected through two axial highways that run throughout the city in the form of two rings: one exterior and one interior ring. Each city block will become more accessible through this model relying on the two main transportation rings.
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
16 1
17 21
20 18
14 10
7
9
11
8
2 3
4 6
25
24
23
5
56 57
28
27
53
58
54
26 31
30 29
52 48 49
37
44 45
36
35
Residential
46 40
42
39
38
51
47
35
32
55
50
34
43
Office
41
Health 59
Commerce 60
61
A multiple use development spread out in 379 hectares will create a world-class city
13
15
22
19
12
62
64 65 67
68
95
71
76
77
Basic Services
84
72
83
81 80
75
74
Ammenities
87 86
82 73
Light Industry
90
89
88
69
93
92
91
66
85 70
Education
96
94
63
79
78 119
118
116
99
120 117
115
98 102
97 101 100
105
114 Habitacional
104 103
113
112
110
111
Oficinas Salud
107 109
106 108
Comercio Educación Industria Ligera Amenidades Servicios Área verde Centros de manzana
20
21
COMPONENTS DISTRIBUTION
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
The Health City Master Plan is configured as a high-density and mixed-use development that will allow a dynamic pedestrian life and a strong sense of community, as inhabitants will experience the sensation of a town within a city with the ability to meet their daily needs in very short distances.
Light Industry Ammenities Basic Services
Construction Footprint
Education
6%
6%
Residential
39%
5%
2%
24% 88 ha
Commerce City Block Centers Footprint
15% 58 ha
Green Areas Footprint
13% 51 ha
Green Ring Footprint
Infraestructure
12%
Construction Footprint
The master plan is designed to maximize the potential of 13% the healthcare components 51 ha of the development
Health
17% Office
12%
35% 132 ha
Health Care Offices Research centers
Nearly 40% of the construction footprint will be allotted to residential areas. This will allow people working in the health city to live there as well, cutting out long commute times and creating an integral sense of community rather than a transitory one. The Health city mix-use design will create a solid internal market, creating quality jobs for people at the Health, Education and Office areas, while creating synergies and an economic diversity and providing the necessary elements to become a destination itself.
6%
11%
Hospitals
Health
Pharmaceutical
26%
49%
The medical components of the health city will serve to meet Gujarat’s growing demand for a more robust health infrastructure in specefic specialties where the region can be benefited such as Cardiology, Nutrition, and others. As well they will foster innovation and new product creation within the healthcare sector and help bolster the region’s economy.
Wellness Center 22
8%
23
MIXED–USE PROGRAMS
The smart mix for a Knowledge City Residential Office Health Commerce
Residential
Office
Commerce
Health
Light Industry
Ammenities
Basic Services
Education
Education
Residential
Light Industry Ammenities Basic Services
Office
The Health City will have mixed-use programs to foment interaction between inhabitants. Each of the city blocks included in the Master plan will be mixed-use. One block may contain residential, office, commercial, health, education or many other types of spaces. This mixed-use is carried out through many single-use buildings located on the same block or various mixeduse buildings.
Commerce
Health
Light Industry
The buildings are expected to be used constantly, giving inhabitants the opportunity to carry out any number of activities within walking distance inside the development.
Ammenities
Commerce
Health
Depending on the location within the master plan, everywhere can
The health component is the most important within the master plan,
be mixed-use with street-level commerce.
located in the best area and with access to green areas and many
Basic Services
amenities.
Education
Residential Real estate located around the plazas and lining green areas, this
Amenities
helps to create life during the weekends and non-work hours.
The amenities are located on city blocks and in some parts of green
Office
and best accessibility.
spaces. They’re strategically placed in areas with the most traffic Offices will be mainly located in the densest areas of the master plan. They may be linked with education and residential programs.
Light Industry Areas designated for light industry will be slightly less accessible
Education
than other areas of the master plan, giving priority to the other pro-
Educational areas can mix with laboratories, offices, commerce,
grams.
residence and amenities, creating a much more dynamic educational environment.
Basic Services External areas with difficult access will house service facilities with the exception of those used most often by the community
24
25
DEFINING THE DENSITY CRITERIA
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
The height of buildings within the Health City will vary from 3 to 25 floors depending on the location of the lot, and on the main use of each building. Residential and office buildings will have the highest degrees of density throughout the city. The densification of the lots follows two parameters that define the relationship between the number of floors, the percentage of open space saved in each lot, and the area (m2) to be built on each lot, as shown in the following table:
Construction Site Coverage* Plot Radio** Levels
53%
People expected to live in the Health City
61,597
In accordance to the previous criteria, the different uses will have the following hectares built
Fluctuant Population
50,644
(Fluctuant + Residents)
3%
Ha built
Percentage
Residential
231
37%
Offices
145
23%
7 floors
105
17%
15 - 20 floors
Commerce Suppliers
3
65%
2.6
7
65%
4.55
10
55%
5.5
Health
15
50%
7.5
Commerce
50
50%
10
76
12%
25
50%
12.5
Education
34
5%
Light industry
18
3%
Ammenities
18
3%
6
1%
* Site coverage. Percentage of the lot to be built in. ** Plot Radio. Number of times that the site coverage is built.
Basic services Total Ha built
The most dense areas within the Health City will be located in the interior circuit. This will allow for: • Reduction of urban expansion and increased mobility within the city. • Close proximity to the most important public plazas and areas. • Increase in mixed-use areas and activities. • Direct access to the most extensive area of the nature reserve. • Easy access to nearby transportation.
26
44% 115,263 Total People 3 floors
3,022
304
21 - 25 floors
632
Inhabitants per Ha
This level of density will foment the proliferation of knowledge and new ideas within the Health City. This density will allow the implementation of more efficient public transportation systems such as the BRT and will provide a greater internal demand which will contribute to the sustainability of the city.
Density
(Habitants per Ha)
Health City
304
Rio de Janeiro
189.9
Sao Paulo
222
Nueva York
226.6
Hong Kong
320
27
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
Specialized Clinics2 A vast offering of medical services and research will address the most afflicting diseases in the region through the form of specialized clinics.
1
Cardiovascular Clinic
As 14% of Gujaratis are diabetic, the state has the second highest number of diabetics in India. This number is expected to double by 2025 according to a report by the WHO. While nutrition and lifestyle changes are essential, the main goal of the clinic focused on endocrinal, nutritional, and metabolic disorders is to provide screening services and promote awareness among the overall population.
2
5
3
Pulmonary Disease Clinic
Neurological Disorder Clinic
According to the Dementia India Report, between 2006 and 2026, dementia rates in Gujarat are expected to rise by 100%. The neurological clinic would include a dementia research component as well as a dementia management component, where patients would receive treatment and caregivers would receive illness management education and training. In addition, neurosurgery and neurological research and services would be provided as tertiary continues to advance in these areas within Gujarat.
OB/GYN Clinic
Gujarat is rife with ailments and diseases affecting both pregnant mothers as well as newborns. Gujarat’s Maternal Mortality Rate and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) remain high –the latter at 48 remains high among other Indian states (India’s overall IMR is 50). An OB/GYN Clinic would aid in the prevention and treatment of complications related to gestation or the woman’s reproductive system.
2
Endocrinal, Nutritional, and Metabolic Disorder Clinic
14% of deaths in Gujarat are directly attributed to heart and circulatory problems (the most significant cause of death in Gujarat), and over 56,000 people die of heart attacks alone every year. A cardiovascular clinic aims to have a large impact to reduce the propensity of heart disease and respond to the health needs of the region through research in education and treatment of cardiac, thoracic and vascular health.
Pulmonary circulation and respiratory diseases in Gujarat account for the second highest rate of disease related deaths at 39.2%. Tuberculosis in itself accounts for 3.4% of medically certified deaths in Gujarat (India has the largest total number of incidence with an estimated 2 million cases). 2.3% of all deaths are caused by inadequate care for pneumonia and about 1% due to acute conditions of pharyngitis and tonsillitis. A pulmonary clinic will address these highly treatable diseases that afflict the entire population.
28
4
Specialty hospitals to treat Gujarat’s main diseases and causes of death
Health and Family wealthfare department, Medical Cerfication of Cause of Death, 2010 / Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), 2010.
Health Facilities
29
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
The Health Village will consist of world-class facilities including hospitals, offices, residential, research centers, educational, to attract both domestic and international health users and entities to Gujarat.
1
Research Centers and Laboratory
Individual lab suites equipped with state-of-theart medical tools and technology. They will support scientific and health oriented researchers, companies and organizations and foster the exchange of research and technology skills among the city.
2
Pharmaceutical Labs
India has become the world’s leading manufacturer of generic drugs possessing about 80% of the global market share. Pharmaceutical companies globally have been shipping their R&D departments overseas due to the advantageous low costs in manufacturing. World-class space for pharmaceutical companies will be available, to leverage its proximity to other research and medical entities, and continue producing cutting-edge medicinal drugs at low cost.
3
Wellness Center
The Wellness Center will adopt traditional Indian practices in order to provide pro-active and preventative medical treatment options to patients. Aspects of ayurvedic, unani and homeopathic treatments will be made available, also aiding in therapeutic and rehabilitative treatments.
4
Idea Lab
A light industry R&D lab dedicated to making healthcare smarter through related IT initiatives and the development of innovative services, tools and products that create different methods for healthcare provision. Research on tele-medicine, smart hospital management and treatment tracking systems, ‘big-data’ collection and implementation systems, rural medicine tools would be carried out in the lab.
Strategically designed facilities to propel research and development for the healthcare industry 30
Health Facilities
31
EDUCATION AND RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES The Health City will attract medical educational institutions from around the world where doctors and nurses will be educated and trained in general medicine, nursing, and other specialized areas within the different village’s clinics. Health city will leverage the shortage of doctors, nurses, and qualified medical staff in Gujarat; there are only 1.3 medical colleges per 5 million inhabitants, whereas India as a whole is expected to have 1 school per 250 thousand inhabitants.
Education FacilitiesÂ
1
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
Residential Facilities
1
Housing
Residential Areas within the city will provide world-class living spaces and provide easy access to all activities occurring nearby. The living spaces within will adapt to a variety of needs, from those of visiting students or researchers to permanent accommodations for entire families from different social strata.
2
Hotel Accommodations
The Hotel Suites will offer non-permanent accommodation for researchers and other visitors staying within the city for short periods, providing work or study space for its guests. Access to services will be wholly integrated to the rest of the site, providing access to all of its public facilities.
University and Nursing School
The city plans to incorporate one university with a strong focus on medicine and diverse health studies and a nursing school. Students finishing collegiate and graduate studies will provide a highly skilled labor force for the city and its surroundings.
2
Training Centers
Aimed at closing the gap between education and industry, industry-specific training centers will be allocated for members of surrounding communities so they may form part of the Health City’s labor force.
3
World-class educational and residential facilities will establish the cornerstone for all social, innovative, and entrepreneurial ventures within the Health City
Elementary Education
To ensure a cohesive and comprehensive environment for permanent workers, students and researchers, the city will contain primary and secondary education facilities across the area. This will motivate its inhabitants to live and work within the city, guaranteeing access to strong education for their children. 32
Education Facilities
Residential Facilities
33
COMMERCE AND OFFICE FACILITIES
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
Commerce Facilities
Office Space Street Level Commercial Areas
1
The city plans to incorporate one university with a strong focus on medicine and diverse health studies and a nursery school. Students finishing collegiate and graduate studies will provide a highly skilled labor force for the city and its surroundings.
Commercial Corridor
2
Located in central area of the master plan from north to south allowing a pedestrian corridor and connecting the central buildings of the development. This space seeks to create a link between population and public space.
Wholesale Food Market
1
Office Space Class A
Class ‘A’ office space are outfitted to ensure top quality services, complete with sleek design, state-of-the-art facilities, modern furniture and excellent accessibility. These offices can be customized to the needs of physicians, pharmaceutical entities, financial services entities, entrepreneurial offices, and government institution. Offices throughout the city will encourage commerce to grow in various zones within the Health City.
2
Collaborative Spaces
Offices in the Health City emphasize the development of collaborative spaces to encourage interaction between office employees, neighbors, opposing ventures, etc. The aim is to create new relationships and harness the power of innovation among a diverse set of skilled professionals to promote entrepreneurship. Furthermore this space enables innovation and business growth.
3
The wholesale food market would serve as a major distribution point for markets, restaurants, hospitals, and other institutions that depend on easy access to food supply for business activity and daily life for the habitants.
34
Commerce Facilities
Office Spaces
35
LIGHT INDUSTRY AND BASIC SERVICE FACILITIES
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
Basic SERVICES Services BASIC Light industry consists of crucial sectors of the economy such as light manufacture, production, and processing. The following sectors are essential components of the Gujarati economy that will play a significant role within the commerce and industry of the Health City.3
1
Gems and Precious Stones
Gujarat is the leading producer of Gems and precious stones by contributing 72% of India’s total exports. The national industry is currently valued US$43.1 billion, which is a 40% increase than the previous year. Increased investment and supportive policy promises to allow Indian SMEs involved in the sector to reach larger distributions and more diverse markets. Within the Health City, gems and precious stones will contribute to small and medium sized stores targeting upscale to mid-range professionals permanently or temporarily residing in the Health City.
2
IT Services and E-engineering
Gujarat is attracting several large multinationals and local companies to setup IT operations within the state. The latest information has estimated that the IT sector is worth over US$300 million in Gujarat, and has had double digit increase in growth rates in the past five years. The Health city will be a hub for IT services and e-engineering companies. Setting up a solid cluster for SMEs and multinational companies, will help participants tap into global markets, and create new solutions for clients worldwide.
The collection system is divided into zones. The treatment system differentiates between organic and inorganic residuals, as well as bio-hazardous and industrial waste. On the periphery of the city is a Center for Energy Saving programs and a Recycling Center for of solid waste will handle sustainable waste treatment. Methane will be generated through the treatment of solid waste.
RECOLLECTION AND WASTE TREATMENT FOR SOLID RESIDUALS
The Health City will have an electricity generating plant and a solar energy park which will jointly produce 62.9 GW h (Giga watts per hour) of energy. Furthermore, all of the buildings in the health sector will have a generator that guarantees100% of their energy supply.
ENERGY SUPPLY & STREET LIGHTING
The Health City’s water supply will come from water sources within close proximity to the development and will distribute to the entire area.
WATER SUPPLY
There will be a water treatment plant to be used for water recycling implemented in different spaces throughout the city. Furthermore there will be a water storage facility that will permit the recycling of this water.
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
A fire station will be in charge of the local response to fires and other health concerns throughout the Health City.
FIRE DEPARTMENT
Automated drainage system that minimizes flooding throughout the city and surrounding sites.
A central police unit that will minimize the spread of delinquency and protect the entire community within the Health City.
SEWAGE & DRAINAGE POLICE STATION
3
36
Indian Brand Equity Foundation. (2012). Gems and Jewellery / Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation. (2009). Review of Blueprint for Infrastructure in Gujarat (BIG 2020).
Light Industry Facilities
Basic Service Facilities
37
PUBLIC SPACES AND AMMENITIES
Libraries
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
1
Libraries will be located in major green spaces, yet still easily accessible from main urban concentrations.
Museum
2
Multi-level building that cares for the local collection of art and offers cultural activities, makes them available for public viewing through exhibits, and promote tourism.
Convention Center
3
A world class building in the city designed to stimulate economic growth and tourism. It will enable holding conventions, conferences, trade shows, meetings and special events.
38
4
Amphitheater
Outdoor space designed to encourage social participation and promotion of culture, where it will be possible to stage plays, musical events and other public activities to delight the audience.
5
Pedestrian Corridor
Pedestrian zones across the development, concentrated in the interior of the city with easy access to main buildings, public spaces and green space. It will stimulate economic growth, while creating a great area for people to gather and get along.
Quality amenities and public spaces will enhance the quality of life within the Health City and make it a highly desirable place of residence Green Area
39
GREEN AREA AND NATURE RESERVE
1
Green Areas
Green Areas are multipurpose areas that improve the quality of the urban environment in terms of better air quality, increased social interaction, and more spaces for recreation, creativity, and leisure. Green spaces represent 26% of the master plan.
2
The smart mix for a Knowledge City
4
Sanctuary / Religious Center
An extended space provides a tranquil and spiritual oasis to surround a Hindu temple that is removed from the urban center, where citizens can assist in performing religious rituals.
5
Athletic Facilities
A mix of cricket grounds, soccer fields and sports clubs are dispersed throughout the city providing athletic facilities, space and encouraging healthy social development.
Nature Reserve
The Nature reserve consists of land protected from the human development and pollution. Preserving landscapes, The main goal is to preserve landscapes that are home to various forms of important flora and fauna of the region.
3
Plazas & Manmade Lakes
An extended space provides a tranquil and spiritual oasis to surround a Hindu temple that is removed from the urban center, where citizens can assist in performing religious rituals.
Public spaces will promote interaction and social dynamics within the Health City Green Area
40
41
Master plan guideline overview
Sense of Community and Responsibility
By creating spaces that nurture interaction with amenities for public use by all inhabitants, a strong sense of community will be created and inhabitant’s will show more responsible commitment to conserving and improving these spaces.
Public Spaces There will be public spaces where green areas, recreational zones and places for interaction converge to give around-the-clock life to the development.
42
43
44
The Health City will be an exemplary model of modern urban design and planning, combined with centuries-old tradition, creating an elegant symbiosis of both worlds
45
Master plan guideline overview
Public Ammenities Throughout the development there are different spaces designated for public amenities, categorized by size or use. There are pedestrian walkways that link commercial areas and activity with green spaces.
Parking Public parking lots will be located on secondary streets where the flow of traffic is less heavy.
Transportation Path Crossings Throughout the development there will be vehicular intersections and pedestrian crossings resolved through the use of multi-level construction to limit transportation interruptions.
46
47
Master plan guideline overview
High-Density Zones The development’s tallest buildings are concentrated in the central part of the development. Bodies of Water Reflection pools or bodies of water in constant movement and located to maximize the cooling effects of crossing winds help generate a better climate in public spaces and buildings within the development. They also provide recreational spaces.
Pedestrian Pathways Pedestrian pathways with no motorized vehicles allowed connect different areas of the development and cross through green areas.
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DESIGN PARAMETERS In the following diagrams, we explain some of the types of streets that exist within the Health City. The streets illustrate the dimensions of roads, benches, buffer zones, green space, etc. which allow a better vision of the functionality of the city. Furthermore, a city block is analyzed in order to explain the connec tions that it has with the pedestrian corridor and green space. The analysis also focuses on the interaction between streets and buildings.
Master plan guideline overview
Sections
sidewalk
7
2 car lanes
2
sidewalk
sidewalk
8
2
sidewalk
7
B. Pedestrian circuit
A. Local Street
sidewalk
2 car lanes
Amenities
sidewalk
sidewalk
90 (variable)
2 car lanes sidewalk
A. Amenities
B. 7
C.
2
8
2
2 car sidewalk lanes
D.
E. F.
The city’s grid is designed to maximize connectivity and the ease of moving around the development
7
90 (variable)
7
2
7
traffic island
2
2 car lanes sidewalk
7
2
sidewalk
7
7
D. Interior Circuit
2
8
2
7
2
3 car lanes
10.5
traffic island
2
3 car lanes
10.5
sidewalk
2
Green buffer
7
F. Exterior Circuit
Pedestrian circuit connection
Street connection Pedestrian circuit
E. City Block Center
50
7
C. Central Pedestrian Corridor
City Block Center
City Block Center
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DESIGN PARAMETERS
Master plan guideline overview
Modern Indian architecture is a mixture of clean aesthetics and traditional, functional elements that have been used for centuries.
Elements of Indian Architecture In order to contextualize the future Health City and to respect the region and its idiosyncracies of future inhabitants in terms of architecture and urban spaces, certain traditional elements must be maintained and implemented. The architectural resources and characteristics of Indian culture will be interpreted and adopted within a modern design scheme in order to design the city.
Traditional
Traditional
Arches
Stone
Arches have a constructive function, emulating local architecture. The arch functions as a door and protico that shields spaces as well.
Use of stone material to build walls, floors, structures and other architectural elements.
Masonry
“Talking streets�
The use of brick or piled blocks for walls similar to those used in traditional buildings throughout the region.
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Contemporary
Contemporary
Indian cities are known for their vibrant streets that transform into spaces of energy, creativity and coexistence. Each entrance consists of a portico with benches and chairs that provide a welcoming extension to each building. The porticos, adapted to contemporary design, engage the public and local community to feel a sense of ownership for public spaces ensuring their preservation, security, and overall integrity.
Interior Patios
Roof Eaves
Used in traditional Indian architecture as religious spaces or meditative space, they are extremely important in the conception of the space in India.
In order to protect the pedestrian, these eaves are places over benches generating shade on the streets. They also provide refuge from the rain during the monsoon season.
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SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PARAMETERS
Master plan guideline overview
The Health City will use a combination of energy optimization strategies, avoiding the dependence on obsolete systems that are highly dependent on energy. It will also use passive design which will decrease energy use through form and orientation of spaces and ceiling heights in buildings. These aspects will optimize heating, cooling and lighting within the development’s buildings.
Health City will enhance the use of technologies, materials and systems for use of renewable energy systems such as hydro, solar and wind throughout the development. The optimal use of these types of energy saves up to 25% in energy usage, contributes to the environment and obtains international certifications of energy savings.
Solar Panels They are designed to significantly reduce the amount of energy consumption within the building they are placed.
Green Roofs This area will consist of different plants; the vegetation on roofs prevents significant heat.
Orientation of the Facade According to the orientation of the site, the facade will be installed according to the program
Latticework and Louvers These are elements that protect against the sun, and are excelent elements of ventilation aside from giving texture to the facades.
Step-backs in the Facade They reduce solar penetration and they add texture to the facades.
Dual Facade These will be built with two or more layers or with translucent material such as glass. They reduce solar penetration and retain substantial heat for the interior to maintain climate control.
Ventilation and Natural Light Ventiliation and light flow into buildings through balconies, windows, step-backs, facade openings, latticework and tall bases with openings (see chimney effect.) Reflecting Pools These pools are sources of humidity and cooling for the surroundings.
Pedestrian Connections The base of buildings are narrower and elevated over pylons/columns to give pedestrians access to the street with the center of the city block or with a green space.
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Landscape The landscape will consist of design using natural elements such as bushes, trees, grass, stones, leaves, and other natural elements found in the zone aside from outdoor forniture and pergolas that will create friendly and ideal landscapes with the surroundings.
Block Centers Block centers are open spaces that are left free of motor vehicles and attract foot traffic.
Chimney Effect The Chimney Effect allows cool air to circulate within an opening in the slabs of the elevated concrete base and travel to the upper floors of the building. Its functionality improves when a reflecting pool that provides humidity is place adjacent to the building.
Base Step-backs Fluctuations in the surface of the base walls produce shade where pedestrians circulate, aside from essentially providing pleasing walk ing spaces that encourage social and commercial activity.
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TRANSPORTATION
Master plan guideline overview
Transportation in the Health City is of vital importance; the close attention to sustainable urban design in the city emphasizes the need for efficient and clean public transportation as well as supporting alternative modes such as biking and walking.
1
Public Transportation Two bus lines running on cutting edge technology providing transportation to the exterior and interior circuits of the city, stopping every 400m and 250m respectively.
The program will consist of several bike stations located throughout the city that will allow individuals to borrow bikes for individual transportation.
The station will connect the Health City with major transportation systems in Ahmedabad and Surendranagar.
Transportation system
Efficient
Sustainable
Fast
• Harmony and coexistence between bikes, public transportation and cars
• Euro V buses are low emission vehicles
• Short distances
• Allows for increased productivity
2
Shared bicycle program
Central Inter-regional Bus Station
• Easy and accessible nodes for transportation
• Reduction in contamination Improves air quality
• Distinctly designated roads for specific transportation
3
External Corridor Road Distance 10.77 km Time in BRT 43.5 min Bycicle n/a Walking n/a
Long Horizontal Path Distance 1.4 km Time in BRT n/a Bycicle 30 min Walking 90 min Interior Corridor Road Distance 6.20 km Time in BRT 32 min Bycicle 25 min Walking n/a
4
Pedestrian Circuit Distance 7.21 km Time in BRT n/a Bycicle 30 min Walking 90 min
5
Short Horizonal Path Distance .7 km Time in BRT n/a Bycicle 3 min Walking 8 min
6
Central Pedestrian Corridor Distance 3.6 km Time in BRT n/a Bycicle 15 min Walking 45 min
Bus/Bycicle Station 1312 ft (400 mt) Radio
Bus/Bycicle Station 820 ft (250 mt) Radio
Reduction in contaminating emissions
Transportation
Co2 Emmissions (g/km)
Euro V Bus
Bicycle 56
27 0
% of reduction in comparison to a car’s inner combustion
50% 100%
World-class transportation systems will make the city very easy to move around in
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Master plan guideline overview
Link with Bodies of Water Vegetation Coverings
There will be a pier and topographical treatments that will minimize the impact of rising levels of water in specific areas during monsoon season.
Vegetation will be used to cover building faรงades throughout the entire development giving added thermic comfort to inhabitants.
Peripheral Rings The streets with the highest capacity for traffic are located on the periphery of the development so as not to affect internal movement and transportation.
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SUSTAINABILITY: SOLID WASTE AND WATER TREATMENT In order to incentivize the efficient use of natural resources and to guarantee sustainable development in the Health City, the City’s plan will focus on the latest waste management practices and efficient water use.
• Water gardening, sanitation services water consumption, street cleaning • The use of efficient sanitary furniture in order to reduce water consumption (expected to reduce up to 5%) • Toilets, light consumption, shower • Water collection system within the city
$ to third parties for carrying separate waste Master Plan Blueprint
Water Management Initiatives to be introduced include the following:
Solid Waste Management
Entering Resources
Master plan guideline overview
Outgoing Waste
Waste Collection Plant
Organic and residual Paper and cardboard
Goes through simple separation process
Metal, plastic and glass
Function
Water Withdrawal (liters per day per person)
Water recycling programs for secondary uses in each lot
expected to reduce up to 33%
With recycling programs With Sanitary Furniture (33% reduction) (5% reduction)
Domestic
128
86
121.6
Industrial
80.3
53.8
76.2
Hospitals
1250/ per bed*
837.5/per bed
1187.5
Hazardous waste / Medical residuals
Organic
Usable non-organics
Recycling organic water
Transformation and compacting
Land Fill Composte for green areas
Creation of energy/gas for carbon credits
Non-organic Disposables Assurance and control Generates Money
Destruction and incineration
Exit from the developmentspecial area designated by relevant authorities
Other initiatives will include The reduction of resources, emphasize on reuse and recycle waste. Central recycling centers will be accessible for all inhabitants. Incentivation for inhabitants to participate in processes of sustainability. Storage facilities as well as individual storage options for residential, commercial, hospitals and labs will be offered.
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*400 bed hospital daily water consumption figure includes patient, relative, hospital activity, residential area
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SMART GRIDS: INTELLIGENT ENERGY SYSTEMS
Master plan guideline overview
The aim is to Green SEZ certify 50% of the Health City, and at least 20% of the two previously established green building norms
Through digital platforms and close monitoring, the authorities within the Health City will be connected in real time to communication systems.
LEED
Through sensors, monitoring, and civilian participation, the authorities will be able to concentrate their efforts and information through one single platform, analyzing the function of the entire city in real time. This allows the authorities to:
GRIHA
The Green SEZ (Special Economic Zone) Rating Systems recommended for commercial, residential, and industrial buildings developed by Indian Green Building Council along with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.4
• Accomplish daily tasks • Prepare for adverse situations • Provide emergency attention
Indian certification from The Energy & Resources Institute. Jointly developed it with Ministry of New & Renewable Energy.6
The Health City’s information system will enable the application of technological solutions for the following functions: Water Supply and Energy Efficiency
Drainage System
Public security
Transit
E-governance
7
5
Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Biomedical Sciences Building at University of Florida
Objectives:
Benefits:
Share information Anticipate problems Coordinate resources
Maintain the productivity of the city Efficiency and more balanced budget of public spending Improved quality of life
Health Research Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Gold Certification (more than 60 of 100 points) 163,000 sq ft (15,143 sq m)
Engineering Research 5 stars TERI GRIHA (more than 91 of 100 points) 196,010 sq ft (18,210 sq m)
Response to problems within the city
1 Problem
2 Anticipation of problem
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3
Identification of problem
Response Decision Making
Resource Coordination
4
Resolution of problem 4
Whiting Turner- University of Florida Biomedical Science Building, 2012.
5
Indian Green Building Council - IGBC Green SEZ Raiting Syste, 2010.
6
Green Raiting for Integrated Habitat Assesment -GRIHA
7
Indian Green Building Council - IGBC Green SEZ Raiting System, 2010.
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Master plan guideline overview
Buffer Zone A separation between the development’s limits and it’s immediate surroundings is creating through the use of a green belt that could include public programs.
Green Rooftops These spaces provide access for residents of the block where the rooftop is located. They can be used as recreational areas. They can also be used for energy-saving systems such as solar panels, rainwater collection, etc.
Transportation Nodes Different locations where bus stops, public transportation and non-motorized transportation, amenities and commerce are located.
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Master plan guideline overview
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CHAPTER
1
Hong Kong Obervatory Climatological Information for Ahmedabad (2011), 2012. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/ asia/india/ahmedabad_e.htm
1
National Knowledge Commission. Government of India. http://www.knowledgecommission.gov.in/
1
National Knowledge Commission. Government of India. http://www.knowledgecommission.gov.in/about/ members.asp
2
Cleveland Clinic, 2012. http://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae
3
Texas Medical Center, 2012. http://www.texasmedicalcenter.org
4
Dubai Healthcare City, 2012. http://www.dhcc.ae
5
ParkwayHealth Hospital, 2012 http://mountelizabethnovena.com
6
CHAPTER
2
Health and Family wealthfare department, Medical Cerfication of Cause of Death, 2010. http://www.gujhealth.gov.in/images/pdf/mccd_ Report_2010.pdf
2
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), 2010. http://www.gidb.org/downloads/vol_1B_ summary_2020.pdf http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/India’s+no.1+kille r:+Heart+disease/1/92422.html http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/India’s+no.1+kille r:+Heart+disease/1/92422.html Respiratory Disease Burden In Rural India: A Review From Multiple Data Sources. Internet Scientific Publications. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb 2012. http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journalof-epidemiology/volume-2-number-2/respiratorydisease-burden-in-rural-india-a-review-frommultiple-data-sources.html Alzheimer’s and Related Disorders Society of India. Dimentia India Report 2010: Prevalence, Impact, Costs and Services for Dementia. London: Institute of Psychiatry, 2010. http://www.alz.co.uk/sites/default/files/plans/ Dementia-India-Report-2010.pdf Shastri, Parth. Heart attack kills 150 a day in Gujarat. Times of India 26 September 2010, n. pag. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/201009-26/ahmedabad/28247660_1_heart-disease-worldheart-day-cardiac-emergencies>.
Sources and references
Shah, Rajiv. Analysis of the morbidity data. Times of Indian.d., n. pag. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-0826/ahmedabad/27164167_1_tb-malaria-rural-areas Gujarat has second highest number of diabetics in India. Express India. 14 May 2008: n. page. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/gujarathas-second-highest-number-of-diabetics-inindia/309330/
Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation, 2009. Review of Blueprint for Infrastructure in Gujarat (BIG 2020). http://www.gidb.org/downloads/vol_1B_ summary_2020.pdf Whiting Turner-University of Florida Biomedical Science Building, 2012. http://www.whiting-turner.com/projects/ufbiomedical.html
4
Indian Green Building Council-IGBC Green SEZ Raiting Syste, 2010. http://www.igbc.in/site/igbc/testigbc. jsp?desc=233674&event=233670
5
India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare . National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) India. Gujarat: , 2007. Web. http://www.nfhsindia.org/NFHS-3 Data/gujarat_ state_report_for_website.pdf Goitre endemic areas of India. PG Blazer. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb 2012. http://pgblazer.com/2009/02/goitre-endemic-areasof-india.html Malnutrition in India. n.pag. International Food Policy Research Insitute. Web. 24 Feb 2012. http://www. ifpri.org/sites/default/files/pubs/cp/ishi08.pdf Gandotra, MM. Determinants and Causes of Infant Mortality in Gujarat and Maharashtra. n.d., n. pag. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. http://prcs-mohfw.nic.in/writereaddata/ research/421.htm Indian Brand Equity Foundation. (2012). Gems and Jewellery. http://www.ibef.org/industry/gemsjewellery.aspx
3
Green Raiting for Integrated Habitat AssesmentGRIHA. http://www.grihaindia.org/index.php?option=com_ content&task=view&id=13
6
Indian Green Building Council-IGBC Green SEZ Raiting System, 2010. http://www.iitk.ac.in/cese/
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GYAN GRAM Creating India’s Health Knowledge Cluster was printed in May 2012. CONTACT: + 52 (55) 5264 6235 www.scientika.mx contacto@scientika.mx
CONTACT: +525552646235 contacto@scientika.mx www.scientika.mx
Mexico City 2012