THE HEALTH VILLAGE
Remodeling Gujarat’s Helthcare System
Health City Proposal: Architectural Overview
02
03
India represents one of the world’s most rapidly growing economies.
Foremost, Gujarat has built a modern healthcare approach by harnessing its power as an industrial and technological force in India. While there are over 1,300 primary and community health centers providing care for the general population, Gujarat also counts on premiere world class hospital and education facilities that is paving the way in advanced tertiary sectors, opening new opportunities, notably in medical tourism.
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Introduction from the Health Ministry Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity, providing basic health well being to all men, women and children in the state is therefore, the ultimate objective of health services. Efforts have been made continuously to achieve this goal and to provide primary, secondary and tertiary health care to the people of Gujarat.
Gujarat is known by the enterprising nature of its people and their ability to learn, adopt and adapt. Gujarat is also known for its spirit of partnership and co-operation as well as its grit and resilience. It is these fundamentals that make Gujarat so unique. Today, we proudly stand as a replicable model of development with highest GDP growth rate in India, highest announcements of investments, highest rate of completion of projects and at the same time very high agricultural growth of 9.6%, again the highest among Indian states.
Shri Narendra Modi Chief Minister of Gujarat
Shri Parbathbai Patel, Hon. State Minister of Health and Family Welfare
The approach to healthcare in Gujarat engages an urgent universal message: no one must be left behind. Furthermore, to emphasize that health is not merely the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being is to engender the most salient elements of universal human development. Gujarat has significant advantages to push this universal perspective within India and beyond.
It is time to reinforce Gujarat’s standing within India and spread its ingenuity beyond its borders. As a Knowledge City, Gujarat will fuse the vast diversity of talent within various sectors including the industrial, telecomm, financial, education and healthcare sectors to provide meaningful impact for the universal population. Human capital is already growing at a fast pace and foreign investment is steadily pouring in. Healthcare is vital for the upcoming future. The moment is now to break ground and transform Gujarat as a leading capital of knowledge.
CHAPTER
1
CHAPTER
2
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
The Knowledge economy
10
India and Gujarat at a Glance
28
12
Healthcare in India
14
Healthcare in Gujarat
30
The Health City Concept
16
Gujarat’s Healthcare Ecosystem
32
Health Cities Around the World
20
CHAPTER
3
CHAPTER
4
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
Health City Proposal: Architectural Overview
Knowledge Economies and Cities:
36
Land location
72 Master Plan: defining the density criteria
Concept Definition
40
Contextual Study:
76 Design Parameters
The land and its surroundings
80 Sustainable Design Parameters
42
Urban Fabric
82 Transportation
Gujarat: Main Causes of Death and Most
44
Street Blocks
86 Sustainability: Solid Waste
Common Diseases
46
Distribution of Programs
22
Gujarat: Medical Tourism
48
Mixed-use Programs
24
Health Care Market: brief conclusions
50
Distribution of Components
and business opportunities
52
Healthcare Facilities
56
Education and Residential Facilities
58
Commerce and Office Facilities
60
Light Industry and Basic Service Facilities
INDEX
62
Public Spaces and Amenities
64
Green Area and Nature Reserve
and Water Treatmen
88 Smart Grids: Intelligent Energy System
INDIA AND GUJARAT AT A GLANCE
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
India
Gujarat
India represents one of the world’s most rapidly growing economies. The country covers 2.4% of the world’s land area and supports over 17.5% of the world’s population. It has the 2nd highest population in the world and economic growth rates are projected at 7% for 2012.
Gujarat, a Western Indian state, was ranked as the best state for local investment by Stock Marketing India, receiving 13.2% of investments coming from within India. The state has become increasingly well positioned over the last decade due to its rapid industrial and service sector growth. The state is home to the world’s largest oil refinery as well as strong textile, petrochemical, precious stone and processed food industries.
The sectors of highest growth in 2011 were as follows:
real estate market
petroleum derived exports
DELHI
basic services (water, gas and electricity)
472 miles
1hr. 10 mins.
India’s Economy 2011 1 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
total $ 1.8 trillion USD
2
62.34% of GDP
Public Debt
3 Population size
1.2 billion
4 Labor force
487.6 million
5 %BPL (Below Poverty Line)
37%
6 Urban/Rural population
27.8 / 72.2
per capita $ 3,703 USD
AHMEDABAD
8 Exports
$ 300 billion USD
9 Main Export goods
Petro products, precious stones, machinery, iron, steel, chemicals, vehicles, apparel
US 12.6% UAE 12.2% China 8.1% Hong Kong 4.1%
11 Imports
$485 billion USD
12 Import goods
Crude oil, precious stones, machinery, fertilizer, iron, steel, chemicals
Services • IT • Software • Business Process Outsourcing • Pharmaceuticals • Machinery
10
• Cement • Telecommunications • Transportation • Machinery • Software • Pharmaceuticals
CHENNAI 859 miles
1hr. 55 mins.
India’s main states economic figures
Industry • Mining • Textiles • Chemicals • Food processing • Steel • Petroleum
1hr. 35 mins.
46 mins.
10 Main exports partners
• Potatoes • Cattle • Water Buffalo • Sheep • Goats • Poultry • Fish
750 miles
309 miles
$ 19.42 billion USD
• Rice • Wheat • Oilseed • Cotton • Jute • Tea • Sugarcane
HYDERABAD
MUMBAI
7 FDI Inflow (Foreign Direct Investment)
Agriculture
India is quickly becoming a global symbol of prosperity
26.3%
18.1%
56.6%
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Uttar Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
$ 90.650 billion USD
$ 190.310 billion USD
$ 109.770 billion USD
$ 100.350 billion USD
$ 97.970 billion USD
1
GDP total
2
GDP per capita
$ 1350 USD
$ 1568 USD
$ 488 USD
$ 1,077 USD
$ 1,350 USD
3
Population size
60.3 million
112.4 million
199.6 million
84.7 million
72.1 million
4
Urban/Rural population
31% / 69%
36% / 64%
22% / 78%
42% / 58%
38% / 62%
5
FDI Inflow
$ 2.43 billion
$ 1.85 billion
6
Main sectors
7
Main city
$ 230 million Oil, textile, petrochemical, precious stones,processed foods
Ahmedabad
Agriculture, machinery, textiles, petroleum
Mumbai
Agriculture, manufacturing, IT
Delhi
$ 316 million Agriculture, services, minerals
Hyderabad
Agriculture, textiles, automobiles, heavy industry
Chennai
11
HEALTHCARE IN INDIA
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
The Indian healthcare market has seen a significant grow in the last years, due mainly to an increase on the investments by private and public sectors, and to the rising income levels within India.
Hospital bed density and numbers of medical professionals continue to rise, but with such a rapidly growing consumer market, medical infrastructure and education will need to be heavily invested in and strongly bolstered to be able to meet such quickly growing demand.
It accounted for 5.1% of the national GDP in 2008 and is expected to generate 9 million new employments by the end of 2012. National
World Average
1995
2009
% change
1995
2009
% change
Per capita expenditure on health
$ 16.48
$ 44.80 USD
+ 71%
$ 456.95
$ 863.58 USD
+ 47%
Under 5- Mortality Rate (Per 1,000 live births)
99.5
64.7
- 35%
83.47
59.23
- 29%
Life Expectancy
59.83
64.78
+ 8%
66.18
69.41
+ 5%
USD
PRIMARY General healthcare, usually preventative, within primary and community health centers.
USD
SECONDARY Involves hospital and acute care, which involves more specialized technicians and professional attention.
Indian Market Share
TERTIARY Most specialized form of care, usually for inpatients that require advanced techniques, surgery, and care from a specialized physician.
$38 billion USD in 2008 • Rising income levels and health insurance coverage (currently 30% insurance patients have created a growing demand for tertiary care, which currently has 11% of the market share). • 100% FDI allow in hospital sector, US$379 millions in 2007 • Private sector investments in India increased 227% between 2002 and 2008.
Hospital and bed density (Hospital beds per 1000 people)
Indian Pharmaceutical Sector
largest globally in terms of value
Medical Physicians per 1,000 people
12
2005
Total Growth
1990
2002
INDIA
.44
.56
.6
+ 36%
BRAZIL
1.08
1.42
1.67
+ 55%
CHINA
1.55
1.64
1.43
- 8%
WORLD
1.21
n/a
1.4
+ 16%
(1990 - 2005)
largest in terms of volume due to production capacity and low labor costs
pharmaceutical companies in India continue to be foreign
went from $6.23 billion USD in 2006 to $8.7 billion USD in 2008
pharmaceutical product is generic drugs, producing over 2% of the world’s generics
The Indian healthcare market is poised to become the world’s first mass market for healthcare consumption 13
HEALTHCARE IN GUJARAT
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
Health and infrastructure indicators The Gujarat Government will be injecting upwards $3 billion USD into the public healthcare sector by 2020. Currently, 81% of the state’s Allopathic (conventional medicine) clinics are located in rural areas with 19% in urban areas but Gujarat’s rapid rates of urbanization will place increasing demand on urban hospitals. Rising income levels and health insurance coverage are creating a growing demand for the state’s tertiary care sector, which currently has 4% of the market share (Currently almost 70% of otimary healthcare is invested by the private sector).
Per Capita Healthcare Expenditure 2001
11%
$18.29
17%
$22.00
+26.7%
Primary
$30.00
% 79
India Avg.
Market Share
2005 +14.4%
Gujarat
2009
48
50
2016-2020
72.2
69.6
Primary Health Centers (per 100,000 population)
2009
1.82
1.94
Community Health Centers (per 100,000 pop)
2009
0.47
0.37
Sub-Centers (per 100,000 population)
2009
12.23
12.08
Avg. number of villages served by Primary Health Centers
2009
17
25
Number of physicians (per 100,000 population)
2007
71.2
57.7
Life expectancy
11% $15.66
Year
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 population)
4%
Gujarat
Item
India
Secondary Tertiary
$29.38
-12.6%
$26.09
nd ia
I
Punjab
Gu
In
Uttar Pradesh
$29.38
-15.4%
$26.09
Rajasthan
$11.46
+21.5%
$14.59
dia
jara t
Comparative Bed and Hospital Density - 2008 (public only) Hospital density
(number of beds per hospital)
Bed density
(number of beds per 1000 inhabitansts)
78 %
Gujarat
77.6
.5
National Avg.
43.8
.43
Punjab
46
.4
Uttar Pradesh
35
.22
67.5
.51
Public spending Private spending Private/Public unavailable
Gujarat’s prosperous population is placing a growing demand on the state’s healthcare infrastructure 14
Rajasthan
15
GUJARAT’S HEALTHCARE ECOSYSTEM
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
Prices Comparison Gujarat, with nearly 9,000 health clinics all around the state, a specialized network of hospitals, universities and a multitude of skilled knowledge workers make possible the development of a health city and solidify it’s position of innovative leadership in India.
Drug prices of most medications are consistently lower in India than in developed countries. This represents a huge opportunity for increasing exports.
Price comparative in USD Nominal GDP (Per capita)
Modern vs. Traditional Medicine Modern Indian medical practices mix fluidly with traditional medicine depending on religion, education, socio-economic background and region.
Preferred by urban populations (1/3 of rural population uses primary healthcare)
Preferred by rural populations (2/3 of rural population uses for primary healthcare)
Preferred by 79% in emergencies or to treat life-threaening diseases
Preferred by 65% for treatment of common aliments and non-life threatening situations
Almost four times the cost of traditional medicine
Less costly for both provider as well as patient
Newer and more popular in wealthier, urban population
Deeply engrained in the collective psyche due to thousands of years of effective use
Pharmaceutical sector
• Employment in Gujarat’s pharmaceutical industry almost doubled between 1980 and 1990.
• 3,500 drug manufacturing units.
$48,387 USD
$50,436 USD
Medication
Use
India
USA
Canada
Ciprofloxacin
Antibiotic
.45
32.31
10.12
Ibuprofen
Pain killer
.12
.17
.52
Insulin
Hormone
15.88
9.48
27.78
Omeoprazole
Gastro disease
.31
8.51
15.42
Main Pharmaceutical companies During the last decade, Gujarat’s pharmaceutical companies have been expanding their global footprint, working towards getting their facilities approved by international regulatory bodies. Gujarat’s main pharmaceutical companies include:
Sun Pharma Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) (mainly in India and the U.S)
Pharmaceutical Sector
Gujarati CAGR (compound annual growth rate)
Indian CAGR (compound annual growth rate)
Total Value
$.7 billion USD
$4.4 billion USD
88%
18%
Exports Value
$.2 billion USD
$1.1 billion USD
78%
28%
Gujarat’s healthcare ecosystem is rich and diverse in history as well as pharmaceutical output 16
$1,389 USD
Zydus Cadila 5th largest pharmaceutical company in the world; generic drugs.
Torrent formulations, APIs and drug discovery.
Dishman one of the world’s largest API and chemical manufacturers; research and manufacturing of bulk drugs and chemicals
17
GUJARAT’S HEALTHCARE ECOSYSTEM
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
Some of the state’s most important medical colleges are: Health education in Gujarat is strong on a national scale but will continue to grow rapidly as more medical professionals are absorbed into the labor market. Medical research continues to grow as Indian pharmaceutical companies grow and international players outsource their R&D departments to India.
B.J Medical College, Ahmedabad •One of the largest sources of medically qualified manpower in India • 250 students per year; master degree courses in 15 branches of medicine • Recognized by the World Health Organization for innovation in integrated teaching and training programs in child health services and universal immunization • Medical graduates span the world, practicing mainly in the U.S. and UK
Healthcare Education and Research The surge in technology in the healthcare sector has brought highly specialized training and advanced programs for schools in Gujarat. Research clinics are abundant and concentrated in urban areas. With almost 83% of total education infrastructure in Gujart, Private Healthcare Institutions in research and education have an important influence over the region. Public-Private Partnerships are also playing an extraordinary role in healthcare. Several disciplines of medicine are prevalent within the region:
Government Medical College, Surat • 150 students for Bachelor of Medicine degree per year • Works in conjunction with the New Civil Hospital, which admits 75-80 patients daily
No. of Government Institutions
No. of Private Institutions
Total
Total Students Admitted
6
8
14
1,357
n/a
12
16
1,300
Ayurvedic
4
n/a
6
375
Dental
2
9
11
280
Physiotherapy
3
19
22
220
2.4
42
66
n/a
Pharmacy
3
97
109
825
Total
42
187
244
4,375
Discipline Allopathic Homeopatic
Nursing
M.P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar • 200 students a year • Specializes in general medicine, radiology, TB and respiratory diseases, obstetrics, ophthalmology, general surgery and orthopedics
Key Research Institutes Institute of Kidney Disease and Research Centre (IKDRC)
Research initiatives Because of the high rates of coronary and lung disease as well as diabetes, mental illness and infant mortality, the main focus of healthcare provision as well as research initiatives are focused on the following topics:
Cardiology 18
Stem cell research
Nephrology
Oncology
• Largest tertiary care center of its kind in the world • 400 indoor beds for nephrology, urology and transplantation • Pioneered stem cell therapy to treat nephritis in 2009 • Research has led to education of immunosuppressant medications for kidney transplant patients
Gujarat Cancer Research Institute (GCRI) • 650 indoor beds, making it the largest cancer hospital in the country • Over 11 million laboratory tests • Research in cell biology division, molecular endocrinology, biochemistry, receptor and growth factors, immunohistochemistry and pharmacogenomics
Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research • 150 students admitted every year • Self-financied by the Surat Municipal Corporation • All faculty and post-graduate students participate in research activities. Published research ranges from malaria to muscular fitness to hypothyroidism
Embryology 19
GUJARAT: MAIN CAUSES OF DEATH AND MOST COMMON DISEASES Although Gujarat has gone through major improvements in nutritional and health infrastructure, social development and the eradication of major diseases over the last decades, general healthcare, prevention and lifestyle ailments need to be strengthened.
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
Gujarat’s leading causes of death are becoming increasingly healthcare related
Causes of Death Gujarat needs to improve basic health and nutritional programs for the general population that respond to most common ailments and causes of death.
Leading Causes of Death in India
100,000 deaths
Coronary Heart Disease Diarrheal Disease Lung Disease Stroke Inflluenza & Pneumonia Tuberculosis Low Birth Weight Suicide Liver Disease Road traffic Accidents
Nutritional and Digestive System Diseases • Liver disease 70.39% of digestive disease, pancreatic disease (6.73%), peritonitis (5.69%) and intestinal disease (5.52%). • India is poised to become the diabetes capital of the world by 2025. (62 million Indian adults currently) • 22% of the 70,000 patients tested were diabetic (Ahmedabad).
38.16% Ischemic Heart Disease
20.66%
Causes of death in Gujarat Account for over 16% of deaths in Gujarat including:
39.42% Bacterial septicemia 30.93% TB 8.12% Malaria Gujarat has one of the highest risks of malaria in India
Circulatory Disease
16.41%
die yearly of heart attack
4.95%
Nutritional and Digestive System Disease 23%
18.58%
Other causes
of men
6.3%
10.31%
Injury, poisoning orother external cause
14.28% 20
Vascular 25% Cerebro Disease and 4% Hypertension Hypertensive Heart Disease
2% Rheumatic Fever
Infection and Parasitic Disease
56,000 people
29.76% Other
Unclassified
Respiratory Disease
52%
72%
of women of infants
are anemic
National Family and Health Survey
8.5%
Conditions originating in perinatal period 21
GUJARAT: MEDICAL TOURISM
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
Most common procedures and cost comparison More than 450,000 patients visit India annually from abroad to take advantage of reduced medical costs as procedures can cost up to 1/10 compared to the U.S. The medical tourism Industry in India currently generates $2.2 billion USD growing at an annual rate of 30%.
Medical tourism
Growth of medical tourism in Gujarat • Important motor of Gujarat’s recent surge within the healthcare industry. • Over 30% of Indians living abroad are Gujarati. The influx of Non Resident Gujaratu (NRG) medical tourism has made Gujarat better known as a medical tourism destination • Estimates place Gujarat capturing 10% of India’s medical tourism.
grew by 33% in 2009
Tendencies • India’s booming economy is attracting NRG and skilled-doctor Indians to return from abroad. (100,000 Indians returned during 2010) • Indias medical tourism share globally could reach around 3% by 2013 (RNCOS) • Ahmedabad is closing the gap as one of the preferred medical tourism destinations in India, now matching services available to those in Delhi and Mumbai. • Apollo Hospitals, is the main Indian chain with 53 hospitals and over 8,500 beds.
The most popular medical tourism procedures in Gujarat are:
1
Hip and joint replacement
2
Cardiac operations
3
Plastic surgery
4
Breast augmentation
5
In-vitro fertilization
6
Kidney disease treatment
Cost in the US
Cost in Gujarat
300,000
69,350
230,650
Heart Surgery
30,000
8,700
21,300
Orthopedic Surgery
20,000
6,300
13,700
Metal Free Bridge
5,500
600
4,900
Dental Implants
3,500
900
2,600
Porcelain Metal Crown
1,000
100
900
Tooth Impactions
2,000
125
1,875
Root Canal Treatment
1,000
110
890
Tooth Whitening
800
125
675
Tooth Colored Composite
500
30
470
Tooth Filling
300
90
210
Liver Transplant
Tourist Countries of Origin • Mainly non-residents or foreigners from the U.S., UK, former Soviet Union, Uganda, Nigeria Africa and the Middle East . • Advantages for medical tourists: – No wait times (VS 6-18 months waiting times in their home countries) – World-class health facilities – Reduced costs – Availability of latest medical technologies – Growing compliance on international quality standards, – No language barrier for English-speaking patients.
Medical tourism is a burgeoning industry in Gujarat’s economy 22
Difference
Medical tourism growth
2002
150,000 patients 2007
450,000 patients
23
HEALTH CARE MARKET: PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
Opportunities Gujarat is strategically located to give easy access to both national and international markets. Excellent road, rail, maritime and air networks have allowed for rapid development and created one of India’s leading investment destinations.
INDIA
GUJARAT
Health Care industry estimated to reach $77 billion USD by 2013
Quickly evolving healthcare intrastructure in terms of hostipals, healthcare centers and beds and is expected keep growing
Expected to generate 9 million new employments by 2012
Requirement for more tertiary care and basic healthcare provision
3rd largest pharmaceutical sector in the world in terms of volume
13 medical college, 1,072 Primary Health Care (PHC); 7,274 sub centres, 273 Community Health Centres (CHC) and 85 mobile healthcare units
Hospital Investment 100% Income Tax Exemption for new hospital over 100 bed (Finance Act, 2008)
131 MOUS worth $5.04 billion USD were signed in 2011 by national and international health-care companies during Vibrant Gujarat (60% healthcare sector and 40% in pharmaceutical)
HEALTHCARE
IT
INTEGRATED
MEDICITY MEDICAL
TOURISM
Concentration of Healthcare Assets The western region of Gujarat shows heavy concentration of medical R&D institutions, hospitals and educational institutions. Developing areas where these three components can easily and efficiently work together through multi-disciplinary healthcare clusters could leverage Gujarat’s position as a leading healthcare provider in India.
Market has grown over
200%
in the last decade
HEALTH CLUSTERS
THAT BRING
TOGETHER:
Management of health information across computerized systems Increasingly viewed as the most promising tool for healthcare delivery and quality
• Health education • Hospitals • Clinics • Research institutions • Pharmaceutical companies to leverage their collective expertise createprofitable synergies
2.2
billion USD in revenues
GROWING GENERIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT ANNUAL RATE
+7.8%
R & D Institutions
30% estimated
growing rates
state to become a key tourism destination
Drugs coming off patent globally by 2014 represent
136
billion USD
Medical Colleges MBBS and dental
With $3 billion USD in public funding in healthcare by 2020 and a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 58.34% in Gujarat’s pharmaceutical sector alone, Gujarat is well-positioned to become a global healthcare powerhouse.
Hospitals HEALTH CARE CLUSTERS PROPOSED POLYGONS SEZ
Airport
Funcional
International Domestic
Notified and Operational
SIR
Railway
Operating Proposed
Ports Major Port
24
25 60km
Health Cities one are where a knowledge economy can be focused to leverage human capital and sectorial collaboration to bolster a strong health sector
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMIES AND CITIES: CONCEPT DEFINITION Knowledge Economy
Understanding the Health Market in Gujarat
Natural Elements
Mixed Use
Various Residencial Spaces
Vehicle-free Zones
Knowledge is the new basis for development in our era; it is the tool that allows to generate wealth and prosperity. It facilitates technological, social and economic development with the aim to substantially improve quality of life. Investing in research, education, and innovation is crucial to succeed in this new era.
Ecological Facilities Transportation Architecture and Urban Icons
Parking Lots and Meters
Amenities
Knowledge City Green Areas
Public Spaces
Knowledge Cities are highly valuable urban developments that offer an optimal quality of life thanks to its efficient and sustainable policies that promote mixed-use residential, office, research and commercial space. The mixed-use approach improves overall efficiency and generates a dynamic social cohesion and improves socioeconomic distribution of wealth and capital. High quality human resources, specialized R&D activities, private venture, local government and civil society come together to participate in communal development.
28
29
THE HEALTH CITY CONCEPT Health cities are mixed-use spaces that facilitate collaboration between diverse agents in the health care sector, helping create more impact and development, focusing its human capital and resources towards specialized health care. Main objetives of a health city
1 Attract talented professionals, pharmaceutical laboratories,
hospitals, and educational institutions to promote innovation.
The Knowledge Economy
Collaboration with Government Entities Health cities function in a form of multiple decentralized entities such as clinics, research centers, hospital, and laboratories working alongside private and public sector initiatives to significantly improve health within the region. The aim is to synergize these crucial elements, address local health care concerns and involve the community at large in local activities.
2 Create patents and promote innovation for the purpose of public health improvement.
3 Increase awareness of health and environmental issues in urban development efforts.
4 Provide high quality healthcare services within the region they are developed.
5 Generate interaction areas, creating community in the city. Health cities gather a mix of different players within several spaces like the one that follows:
Social
Civil society
Residential
Businesman
Workspaces
Entrepreneurs
Hospitals
Profesors
Cultural areas
Reserches
Relational areas
Scientists
Clinical laboratories
1 Based on a commitment to scientific and technical
th ow gr
The Health City’s approach towards development consist of the following characteristics:
treatment and spe edical ciali m f zati o s a on elopment of new v e e d r d n A a p r h o c duc ear l techniques, m a ts a s c i d e e edic r m nd f w ine s o of ne se n o o f i t s r p a a e e r cializ c o n rv r t s d o f r ed a s p e e t a j c ob te s mo Spa ers of medical touri t o sm m Pro a d d r n i v a i n t g fo len rce f ta o r for to An att ra c
Medical specialist
Inc ub Pr o
AREAS
s ice s nt
PLAYERS
innovation to address public and private health issues.
2 Stimulate political decision-making to support health related issues.
30
3 Generate intersectoral action between the various entities in the city.
Health cities serve as: 31
HEALTH CITIES IN THE WORLD
The Knowledge Economy
Dubai Healthcare City (DHCC)
Cleveland Clinic, Sowwah Island Abu Dhabi OPENING: LOT AREA: NUMBER OF BEDS: SERVICES: INITIAL INVESTMENT: DEPARTMENTS: INSTITUTES:
2013 9.4 Ha 360 (expandible to 490) tertiary/quaternary in neurological, respiratory, digestive and heart. 1.4 billion dollars 2 departments (Medical Subspecialties and Surgical Subspecialties) 5 institutes (Digestive Disease, Heart & Vascular, Eye, Neurological and Respiratory)
OPENING: LOT AREA: NUMBER OF BEDS: SERVICES:
INITIAL INVESTMENT: EMPLOYEES: PATIENTS ATTENDED:
2002 38.1 Ha 1,000. Over 90 medical facilities specialized in pediatrics, gynecology, oncology, cardiology, diabetes, cosmetic surgeries, ophthalmology and orthopedics. AED 11 billion earmarked for investment in Phase I and II. 2,500 healthcare professionals. (year) 2000 patient.
Texas medical center OPENING: LOT AREA: NUMBER OF BEDS: SERVICES: ECONOMIC IMPACT IN THE ZONE PATIENTS ATTENDED:
EMPLOYMENT: STUDENTS: RESIDENTS AND FELLOWS: VISITS:
32
1936 M.D. Anderson Foundation 526.1 Ha 6,900 From primary to quaternary care. 32 billion (year) 7.1 million (International patients 16,000) One of the worlds largest medical agglomerations in the world. (50 non profit and public institutions ) 92,500 34,000 4,000 Scientists, researchers and students: 7,000
Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital -Singapore OPENING: LOT AREA: NUMBER OF BEDS: SERVICES: INITIAL INVESTMENT:
2012 73 Ha 333 (More than 250 physician suites) Heart and vascular, neurosciences, orthopedics, oncology,and general surgery. 2 billion dollars
33
The site’s strategic location near Ahmedabad creates a wealth of possibilities for the sustained, long-term success of the Health City
LAND LOCATION
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
The site is well-connected to important cities globally as well as regionally
The site is conveniently located six hours by plane from several important urban areas throughout Asia, and twelve hours from major urban capitals such as Tokyo and London.
LONDON 4,588 miles
11 h 55 mins.
DOHA 1,334 miles
3 h 15 mins.
KUWAIT 1,685 miles
5h 50 mins.
TOKYO 4,139 miles
11 h 35 mins.
DUBAI
AHMEDABAD
1,097 miles
2 h 45 mins.
Ahmedabad is a 12-hour ight from London or Tokyo and under 6 hours from important regional cities such as Singapore. 36
SINGAPORE 2,581 miles
5 h 30 mins.
37
LAND LOCATION
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
DELHI
469 miles
1h 20 mins. 578.5 miles
12h 41 mins. 15h 40 mins.
Thanks to its centric location in Gujarat, the Health City will provide state-of the art facilities on specilaized treatments for the region, and other important cities within India.
GUJARAT AHMEDABAD
GANDHINAGAR 16.78 miles 0 h 43 mins. 0 h 38 mins.
RAJKOT
142.29 miles 4 h 12 mins. 3 h 46 mins.
The site is conveniently located at 53 miles from Ahmedabad Airport
VODADORA 70.84 miles 1 h 40 mins. 2 h 05 mins.
BHAVNAGAR 107.5 miles 5 h 45 mins. 3 h 12 mins.
Health City
SURAT
164.66 miles 3 h 45 mins. 4 h 09 mins.
SURENDRANAGAR 27.2 miles
AHMEDABAD 49.5 miles 53.31 miles
to train station to airport
to train station
MUMBAI 275 miles
1h
327.46 miles
8h 7 mins. 7h 55 mins.
38
Plot to northern highway number 7: 2.77 miles Plot to southern highwaynumber 17: 3.75 miles
39
CONTEXTUAL STUDY: THE LAND AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
Sections
+5m
channel
high vegetation
sand
+2m
+1m
A
It is of vital importance to consider the natural context in which the new city is situated when designing a project proposal. In identifying basic data regarding temperatures, rainfall or wind, we can underline certain characteristics that will make the city easier to live in. Aside from the natural setting, by situating the connections and boundaries of the future city, we will be able to establish a strategy to improve the efficiency of the functionality and future growth of the urban development. The site in question is located approximately 75km to the west of Ahemedabad. It is accessible through highway 7 after about 2 hours of commuting. The location of the site, so close to Ahmedabad and Ghandinagar puts it in a strategic position for its future development.
low vegetation
high vegetation +2m
-1m
flooding zone
B 0m
agriculture area
water -3m
C 45 40
N
Low Vegetation
1
2
High Vegetation
35
350
30
300
25
250
20
200
15
150
10
100
5
50
0
ºC
Flooding zone
J an
350 300 250
3
SW
150
Town
B
4
C
Area 790 ha 0
Water channel
Low Vegetation
1
40
High Vegetation
Flooding zone
Water
2
Mean minimum (C°)
100 50
0 Feb Jan MarFeb Apr Mar
Rainfall (mm)
0 May May J un Jun J ulJul Aug Apr Aug
Rainfall Amount (mm) Mean Temperature
S ep Oct Oct NovNov Sep Dec Dec Mean Minimum
mm Jan
Feb
Rainfall and Temperature Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Hong Kong Observatory
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Rainfall Amount (mm)
The surrounding region has a semi-arid climate with three identified seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. The overall climate is extremely hot and dry with the exception of monsoon season. From october to may, the climate remains arid with high temperatures, while from june to september, the winds of the southeast bring little humidity to the environment—including some rainfall and light flooding.
SECTION
A
Mean (C°)
200
Mean Maximum
Water
Mean maximum (C°)
Town
Water Channel
100
Area 790ha
1000m
500
Prevailing winds
3
4
The dominant winds come from the southwest and are much more intense in the monsoon season. It is important to consider the wind’s role—given that the climate is very dry and hot—and use it efficiently with other elements to try and keep the environment cool. The proposed site is located 25km from Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary. This natural reserve is the largest sanctuary for avian species in Gujarat, and one the most well protected habitats throughout India. The sanctuary consists of marshland that fluctuate water levels throughout the year. It is after monsoon season when various migratory species of birds arrive, spending the winter there. The sanctuary is home to pelicans, flamingos, storks, herons, duck, antelope and wild ass— and endangered species. 41
URBAN FABRIC
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
The urban fabric is designed taking into consideration two important aspects. Identifying and adopting elements of the Indian urban fabric is essential to preserve integrity of local communities and the design of their spaces and buildings. The Health city aims to preserve such organic aspects of Indian urban concentrations. Second, urban planning is important to imagine improvements in quality of life for future generations of inhabitants. The mix of the organic Indian city and the planned scheme will be part of the design for the Health City.
The health City urban fabric design preserves essential Indian elements combined with strategic urban planning to guarantee life quality of its inhabitants
Pedestrian circuit
Central Pedestrian corridor
Avenues
Access Point
Water body
Outline
42
Exterior Circuit
Interior Circuit
Access Point
Final scheme
43
STREET BLOCKS The city is divided into blocks, which will contain ceters that are free space designated for green public areas. The city blocks will be multifunctional spaces, becoming commercial, residential, office, and laboratory spaces with amenities. The design of the urban space will consist of the following elements of movement:
Unbuilt area per number of levels
3 - 5 levels 35% unbuilt area
6 - 8 levels 45% unbuilt area
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
Open city block centers
lateral
central connected
street connector
corner
central
central connected
Up to 35 levels 50% unbuilt area special blocks 10m sidewalk
The city blocks are built in such a way as to optimize both green areas and built space
Avenues: 4 lanes that cross between the interior and exterior circuit becoming connecting axes from the east to the west Exterior Circuit: 6 lanes (3 in each direction) and traffic island, it is a rapid highway
Sidewalks: 7 meters and some special ones. City Block Centers: Each block has a section of free space that connects with green space or with another city block.
Green Buffer Zone: In the perimeter of the city, there is a green space that runs the alongside the exterior circuit and functions as an acoustic and visual barrier.
Project Area: It is the area of the city block that does not include sidewalks, cityblock centers or the pedestrain circuit. This becomes the construction site.
Pedestrian Circuit: In the same design of the interior circuit road, the pedestrian circuit runs throughout the city crossing city blocks and building lots. This design ensures a space free from motor vehicles, mixed-use function, amenities and public spaces that generate vibrant urban life.
Public Transportation stops Public Parking Locations
Bicycle Lanes: Laid out throughout the city, 2m wide going in both directions. Interior Circuit: 4 lanes (2 in each direction) and traffic island, it is a medium speed boulevard that connects the entire city.
44
Public bicycles parking
City Block Centers
45
DISTRIBUTION OF PROGRAMS The principle behind mixed-use urban models involves a shift in the way we conceive cities today. Cities are capable of offering significant advantages to its inhabitants, public spaces, and the natural environment. The proposed zoning designs are not limited to any normative model, order or precedence, but instead are highly adaptable to the necessities of each geographic location. Bringing together a mix of uses in one location allows greater public access to specific spaces while ensuring property rights of private space. The population will integrate successfully according to how well connected residential, work, health, and public space become. The master plan consists of 379 hectares divided into 8 sectors. A green belt will surround the master plan with public space oriented towards outdoor activities. The green space will be a layer separating the city from the uninhabited and unexploited green space beyond the city’s perimeter. Each one of the 8 sectors is connected through two axial highways that run throughout the city in the form of two rings: one exterior and one interior ring. Each city block will become more accessible through this model relying on the two main transportation rings.
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
16 1
17 21
20 18
14 10
7
9
11
8
2 3
4 6
25
24
23
5
56 57
28
27
53
58
54
26 31
30 29
52 48 49
37
44 45
36
35
Residential
46 40
42
39
38
51
47
35
32
55
50
34
43
Office
41
Health 59
62
64 65 67
Commerce
60
61
A multiple use development spread out in 379 hectares will create a world-class city
13
15
22
19
12
68
95
96
71
76
77
Basic Services
84
72
83
81 80
75
74
Ammenities
87 86
82 73
Light Industry
90
89
88
69
93
92
91
66
85 70
Education
94
63
79
78 119
118
116
99
120 117
115
98 102
97 101 100
105
114 Habitacional
104 103
113
112
110
111
Oficinas Salud
107 109
106 108
Comercio Educación Industria Ligera Amenidades Servicios Área verde Centros de manzana
46
47
MIXED–USE PROGRAMS
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview Residential Office Health Commerce
Residential
Office
Commerce
Health
Light Industry
Ammenities
Basic Services
Education
Education Light Industry Ammenities Basic Services
The Health City will have mixed-use programs to foment interaction between inhabitants. Each of the city blocks included in the Master plan will be mixed-use. One block may contain residential, office, commercial, health, education or many other types of spaces. This mixed-use is carried out through many single-use buildings located on the same block or various mixeduse buildings. The buildings are expected to be used constantly, giving inhabitants the opportunity to carry out any number of activities within walking distance inside the development. Commerce
Health
Depending on the location within the master plan, everywhere can
The health component is the most important within the master plan,
be mixed-use with street-level commerce.
located in the best area and with access to green areas and many amenities.
Residential Real estate located around the plazas and lining green areas, this
Amenities
helps to create life during the weekends and non-work hours.
The amenities are located on city blocks and in some parts of green
Office
and best accessibility.
spaces. They’re strategically placed in areas with the most traffic Offices will be mainly located in the densest areas of the master plan. They may be linked with education and residential programs.
Light Industry Areas designated for light industry will be slightly less accessible
Education
than other areas of the master plan, giving priority to the other pro-
Educational areas can mix with laboratories, offices, commerce,
grams.
residence and amenities, creating a much more dynamic educational environment.
Basic Services External areas with difficult access will house service facilities with the exception of those used most often by the community
48
49
COMPONENTS DISTRIBUTION
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
The Health City Master Plan is configured as a high-density and mixed-use development that will allow a dynamic pedestrian life and a strong sense of community, as inhabitants will experience the sensation of a town within a city with the ability to meet their daily needs in very short distances.
Light Industry Ammenities Basic Services
23% 15% 88 ha 58 ha
35% 132 ha
5%
Residential
39%
Commerce
12%
Construction Footprint
Construction Footprint
Green Areas Footprint
13% 51 ha
6%
6%
2%
City Block Centers Footprint
Infraestructure
Education
Health
13% 51 ha
17% Office
12%
Green Ring Footprint Health Care Offices
The medical components of the health city will serve to meet Gujarat’s help growing demand for a more robust health infrastructure in specefic specialties where the region can be benefited such as Cardiology, Nutrition, and others. As well they will foster innovation and new product creation within the healthcare sector and help bolster the region’s economy.
Research center
6%
11%
Hospitals
Health
The master plan is designed to maximize the potential of the healthcare components of the development 50
Pharmaceutical
26%
49%
Nearly 40% of the construction footprint will be allotted to residential areas. This will allow people working in the health city to live there as well, cutting out long commute times and creating an integral sense of community rather than a transitory one. The Health city mix-use design will create a solid internal market, creating quality jobs for people at the Health, Education and Office areas, while creating synergies and an economic diversity and providing the necessary elements to become a destination itself.
Wellness Center
8%
51
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
Specialized Clinics A vast offering of medical services and research will address the most afflicting diseases in the region through the form of specialized clinics
Cardiovascular Clinic 14% of deaths in Gujarat are directly attributed to heart and circulatory problems (the most significant cause of death in Gujarat), and over 56,000 people die of heart attacks alone every year. A cardiovascular clinic aims to have a large impact to reduce the propensity of heart disease and respond to the health needs of the region through research in education and treatment of cardiac, thoracic and vascular health.
Pulmonary Disease Clinic Pulmonary circulation and respiratory diseases in Gujarat account for the second highest rate of disease related deaths at 39.2%. Tuberculosis in itself accounts for 3.4% of medically certified deaths in Gujarat (India has the largest total number of incidence with an estimated 2 million cases). 2.3% of all deaths are caused by inadequate care for pneumonia and about 1% due to acute conditions of pharyngitis and tonsillitis. A pulmo-
OB/GYN Clinic Gujarat is rife with ailments and diseases affecting both pregnant mothers as well as newborns. Gujarat’s Maternal Mortality Rate and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) remain high –the latter at 48 remains high among other Indian states (India’s overall IMR is 50). An OB/GYN Clinic would aid in the prevention and treatment of complications related to gestation or the woman’s reproductive system.
52
The site is strategically located 75km from Ahmedabad, a city conveniently located.
Endocrinal, Nutritional, and Metabolic Disorder Clinic As 14% of Gujaratis are diabetic, the state has the second highest number of diabetics in India. This number is expected to double by 2025 according to a report by the WHO. While nutrition and lifestyle changes are essential, the main goal of the clinic focused on endocrinal, nutritional, and metabolic disorders is to provide screening services and promote awareness among the overall population.
Neurological Disorder Clinic According to the Dementia India Report, between 2006 and 2026, dementia rates in Gujarat are expected to rise by 100%. The neurological clinic would include a dementia research component as well as a dementia management component, where patients would receive treatment and caregivers would receive illness management education and training. In addition, neurosurgery and neurological research and services would be provided as tertiary continues to advance in these areas within Gujarat.
53
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
The Health Village will consist of world-class facilities including hospitals, offices, residential, research centers, educational, to attract both domestic and international health users and entities to Gujarat.
Research centers and laboratory
The ideal Lab A light industry R&D lab dedicated to making healthcare smarter through related IT initiatives and the development of innovative services, tools and products that create different methods for healthcare provision. Research on tele-medicine, smart hospital management and treatment tracking systems, ‘big-data’ collection and implementation systems, rural medicine tools would be carried out in the lab.
Individual lab suites equipped with state-of-the-art medical tools and technology. They will support scientific and health oriented researchers, companies and organizations and foster the exchange of research and technology skills among the city.
Pharmaceutical labs
Wellness center
India has become the world’s leading manufacturer of generic drugs possessing about 80% of the global market share. Pharmaceutical companies globally have been shipping their R&D departments overseas due to the advantageous low costs in manufacturing.
The Wellness Center will adopt traditional Indian practices in order to provide pro-active and preventative medical treatment options to patients. Aspects of ayurvedic, unani and homeopathic treatments will be made available, also aiding in therapeutic and rehabilitative treatments.
World-class space for pharmaceutical companies will be available, to leverage its proximity to other research and medical entities, and continue producing cutting-edge medicinal drugs at low cost.
54
55
EDUCATION AND RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES The Health City will attract medical educational institutions from around the world where doctors and nurses will be educated and trained in general medicine, nursing, and other specialized areas within the different village’s clinics. Health city will leverage the shortage of doctors, nurses, and qualified medical staff in Gujarat; there are only 1.3 medical colleges per 5 million inhabitants, whereas India as a whole is expected to have 1 school per 250 thousand inhabitants.
University and Nursery School The city plans to incorporate one university with a strong focus on medicine and diverse health studies and a nursery school. Students finishing collegiate and graduate studies will provide a highly skilled labor force for the city and its surroundings.
Training Centers
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
Residential Facilities  Housing Residential Areas within the city will provide worldclass living spaces and provide easy access to all activities occurring nearby. The living spaces within will adapt to a variety of needs, from those of visiting students or researchers to permanent accommodations for entire families from different social strata.
Hotel Accommodations The Hotel Suites will offer non-permanent accommodation for researchers and other visitors staying within the city for short periods, providing work or study space for its guests. Access to services will be wholly integrated to the rest of the site, providing access to all of its public facilities.
Aimed at closing the gap between education and industry, industry-specific training centers will be allocated for members of surrounding communities so they may form part of the Health City’s labor force.
Elementary Education To ensure a cohesive and comprehensive environment for permanent workers, students and researchers, the city will contain primary and secondary education facilities across the area. This will motivate its inhabitants to live and work within the city, guaranteeing access to strong education for their children.
56
World-class educational and residential facilities will establish the cornerstone for all social, innovative, and entrepreneurial ventures within the Health City 57
COMMERCE AND OFFICE FACILITIES Commerce
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
Office Space Street Level Commercial Areas
Office Space Class A
Concentrated commercial zones located on the street level that contribute to the highdensity and mixed-use planning scheme for the Health City, and providing a diverse set of foot traffic.
Class ‘A’ office space are outfitted to ensure top quality services, complete with sleek design, state-of-the-art facilities, modern furniture and excellent accessibility.
Commercial Corridor Located in central area of the master plan from north to south allowing a pedestrian corridor and connecting the central buildings of the development. This space seeks to create a link between population and public space.
Wholesale Food Market
These offices can be customized to the needs of physicians, pharmaceutical entities, financial services entities, entrepreneurial offices, and government institution. Offices throughout the city will encourage commerce to grow in various zones within the Health City.
Collaborative Spaces Offices in the Health City emphasize the development of collaborative spaces to encourage interaction between office employees, neighbors, opposing ventures, etc. The aim is to create new relationships and harness the power of innovation among a diverse set of skilled professionals to promote entrepreneurship. Furthermore this space enables innovation and business growth.
The wholesale food market would serve as a major distribution point for markets, restaurants, hospitals, and other institutions that depend on easy access to food supply for business activity and daily life for the habitants.
Professional activity areas that maximize the potentail for collaboration 58
59
LIGHT INDUSTRY AND BASIC SERVICE FACILITIES Light industry consists of crucial sectors of the economy such as light manufacture, production, and processing. The following sectors are essential components of the Gujarati economy that will play a significant role within the commerce and industry of the Health City.
Gems and Precious Stones
IT Services and E-engineering
Gujarat is the leading producer of Gems and precious stones by contributing 72% of India’s total exports. The national industry is currently valued US$43.1 billion, which is a 40% increase than the previous year. Increased investment and supportive policy promises to allow Indian SMEs involved in the sector to reach larger distributions and more diverse markets. Within the Health City, gems and precious stones will contribute to small and medium sized stores targeting upscale to mid-range professionals permanently or temporarily residing in the Health City.
Gujarat is attracting several large multinationals and local companies to setup IT operations within the state. The latest information has estimated that the IT sector is worth over US$300 million in Gujarat, and has had double digit increase in growth rates in the past five years. The Health city will be a hub for IT services and eengineering companies. Setting up a solid cluster for SMEs and multinational companies, will help participants tap into global markets, and create new solutions for clients worldwide. Companies will have a local market to provide their services and access to transnational clients.
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
BASIC SERVICES The collection system is divided into zones. The treatment system differentiates between organic and inorganic residuals, as well as bio-hazardous and industrial waste. On the periphery of the city is a Center for Energy Saving programs and a Recycling Center for of solid waste will handle sustainable waste treatment. Methane will be generated through the treatment of solid waste.
RECOLLECTION AND WASTE TREATMENT FOR SOLID RESIDUALS
The Health City will have an electricity generating plant and a solar energy park which will jointly produce 62.9 GW h (Giga watts per hour) of energy. Furthermore, all of the buildings in the health sector will have a generator that guarantees100% of their energy supply.
ENERGY SUPPLY & STREET LIGHTING
The Health City’s water supply will come from water sources within close proximity to the development and will distribute to the entire area.
WATER SUPPLY
There will be a water treatment plant to be used for water recycling implemented in different spaces throughout the city. Furthermore there will be a water storage facility that will permit the recycling of this water.
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
A fire station will be in charge of the local response to fires and other health concerns throughout the Health City.
FIRE DEPARTMENT
Automated drainage system that minimizes flooding throughout the city and surrounding sites.
A central police unit that will minimize the spread of delinquency and protect the entire community within the Health City.
SEWAGE & DRAINAGE POLICE STATION
Commerce and industry will be supported by basic services included in the development’s general infrastructure 60
61
PUBLIC SPACES AND AMMENITIES
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
Convention Center
Pedestrian Corridor
A world class building in the city designed to stimulate economic growth and tourism. It will enable holding conventions, conferences, trade shows, meetings and special events.
Pedestrian zones across the development, concentrated in the interior of the city with easy access to main buildings, public spaces and green space. It will stimulate economic growth, while creating a great area for people to gather and get along.
Libraries Libraries will be located in major green spaces, yet still easily accessible from main urban concentrations.
Amphitheater Outdoor space designed to encourage social participation and promotion of culture, where it will be possible to stage plays, musical events and other public activities to delight the audience.
Museum Multi-level building that cares for the local collection of art and offers cultural activities, makes them available for public viewing through exhibits, and promote tourism.
Quality amenities and public spaces will enhance the quality of life within the Health City and make it a highly desirable place of residence 62
63
GREEN AREA AND NATURE RESERVE
Athletic Facilities A mix of cricket grounds, soccer fields and sports clubs are dispersed throughout the city providing athletic facilities, space and encouraging healthy social development.
Health City Proposal: Conceptual Overview
Plazas & Manmade Lakes
Sanctuary / Religious Center
Plazas form open areas welcoming local trade and small markets improving the local economy. These areas are located throughout the city and provide open space for leisure as well.
An extended space provides a tranquil and spiritual oasis to surround a Hindu temple that is removed from the urban center, where citizens can assist in performing religious rituals.
Manmade lakes have been designed throughout the city’s green space as another striking element improving the city’s aesthetic as well as encouraging citizens to visit the outdoors in this tranquil location.
Green Areas Green Areas are multipurpose areas that improve the quality of the urban environment in terms of better air quality, increased social interaction, and more spaces for recreation, creativity, and leisure. Green spaces represent 26% of the master plan.
Nature Reserve The Nature reserve consists of land protected from the human development and pollution. Preserving landscapes, The main goal is to preserve landscapes that are home to various forms of important flora and fauna of the region.
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Public spaces will promote interaction and social dynamics within the Health City
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Sense of Community and Responsibility By creating spaces that nurture interaction with amenities for public use by all inhabitants, a strong sense of community will be created and inhabitant’s will show more responsible commitment to conserving and improving these spaces.
Public Spaces There will be public spaces where green areas, recreational zones and places for interaction converge to give around-the-clock life to the development.
The Health City will be an exemplary model of modern urban design and planning, combined with centuries-old tradition, creating an elegant symbiosis of both worlds
Public Ammenities Throughout the development there are different spaces designated for public amenities, categorized by size or use. There are pedestrian walkways that link commercial areas and activity with green spaces.
Parking Public parking lots will be located on secondary streets where the flow of traffic is less heavy.
Transportation Path Crossings Throughout the development there will be vehicular intersections and pedestrian crossings resolved through the use of multi-level construction to limit transportation interruptions.
MASTER PLAN: DEFINING THE DENSITY CRITERIA
Health City Proposal: Architectural Overview
The height of buildings within the Health City will vary from 3 to 25 floors depending on the location of the lot, and on the main use of each building. Residential and office buildings will have the highest degrees of density throughout the city. The densification of the lots follows two parameters that define the relationship between the number of floors, the percentage of open space saved in each lot, and the area (m2) to be built on each lot, as shown in the following table:
Construction Site Coverage* Plot Radio** Levels
53%
People expected to live in the Health City
61,597
Fluctuant Population
50,644
Ha built
Percentage
Residential
231
37%
Offices
145
23%
3 floors
105
17%
7 floors
3
65%
2.6
7
65%
4.55
10
55%
5.5
Health
15
50%
7.5
Commerce
50
50%
10
76
12%
25
50%
12.5
Education
34
5%
Light industry
18
3%
Ammenities
18
3%
6
1%
* Site coverage. Percentage of the lot to be built in. ** Plot Radio. Number of times that the site coverage is built.
Basic services Total Ha built
The most dense areas within the Health City will be located in the interior circuit. This will allow for: • Reduction of urban expansion and increased mobility within the city. • Close proximity to the most important public plazas and areas. • Increase in mixed-use areas and activities • Direct access to the most extensive area of the nature reserve. • Easy access to nearby transportation
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44% 115,263 Total People
In accordance to the previous criteria, the different uses will have the following hectares built
632
(Fluctuant + Residents)
3%
Commerce Suppliers
3,022
15 - 20 floors
304
21 - 25 floors
Inhabitants per Ha
This level of density will foment the proliferation of knowledge and new ideas within the Health City. This density will allow the implementation of more efficient public transportation systems such as the BRT and will provide a greater internal demand which will contribute to the sustainability of the city.
Density
(Habitants per Ha)
Health City
304
Rio de Janeiro
189.9
Sao Paulo
222
Nueva York
226.6
Hong Kong
320
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High-Density Zones The development’s tallest buildings are concentrated in the central part of the development. Bodies of Water Reflection pools or bodies of water in constant movement and located to maximize the cooling effects of crossing winds help generate a better climate in public spaces and buildings within the development. They also provide recreational spaces.
Pedestrian Pathways Pedestrian pathways with no motorized vehicles allowed connect different areas of the development and cross through green areas.
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Health City Proposal: Architectural Overview
In the following diagrams, we explain some of the types of streets that exist within the Health City. The streets illustrate the dimensions of roads, benches, buffer zones, green space, etc. which allow a better vision of the functionality of the city. Furthermore, a city block is analyzed in order to explain the connec tions that it has with the pedestrian corridor and green space. The analysis also focuses on the interaction between streets and buildings.
Sections
sidewalk
7
2 car lanes
2
sidewalk
sidewalk
8
2
sidewalk
7
B. Pedestrian circuit
A. Local Street
sidewalk
2 car lanes
Amenities
sidewalk
sidewalk
90 (variable)
2 car lanes sidewalk
A. Amenities
B. 7
C.
2
8
2
2 car sidewalk lanes
D.
E. F.
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7
7
90 (variable)
2
8
2
7
C. Central Pedestrian Corridor
The city’s transportation grid is designed to maximize the ease of moving around the development
7
2
7
traffic island
2
2 car lanes sidewalk
7
2
sidewalk
7
7
D. Interior Circuit
2
3 car lanes
10.5
traffic island
2
3 car lanes
10.5
sidewalk
2
Green buffer
7
F. Exterior Circuit
Pedestrian circuit connection
Street connection Pedestrian circuit
E. City Block Center
City Block Center
City Block Center
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DESIGN PARAMETERS
Health City Proposal: Architectural Overview
Modern Indian architecture is a mixture of clean aesthetics and traditional, functional elements that have been used for centuries.
Elements of Indian Architecture In order to contextualize the future Health City and to respect the region and its idiosyncracies of future inhabitants in terms of architecture and urban spaces, certain traditional elements must be maintained and implemented. The architectural resources and characteristics of Indian culture will be interpreted and adopted within a modern design scheme in order to design the city.
Traditional
Traditional
Arches
Stone
Arches have a constructive function, emulating local architecture. The arch functions as a door and protico that shields spaces as well.
Use of stone material to build walls, floors, structures and other architectural elements.
Masonry
“Talking streets�
The use of brick or piled blocks for walls similar to those used in traditional buildings throughout the region.
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Contemporary
Contemporary
Indian cities are known for their vibrant streets that transform into spaces of energy, creativity and coexistence. Each entrance consists of a portico with benches and chairs that provide a welcoming extension to each building. The porticos, adapted to contemporary design, engage the public and local community to feel a sense of ownership for public spaces ensuring their preservation, security, and overall integrity.
Interior Patios
Roof Eaves
Used in traditional Indian architecture as religious spaces or meditative space, they are extremely important in the conception of the space in India.
In order to protect the pedestrian, these eaves are places over benches generating shade on the streets. They also provide refuge from the rain during the monsoon season.
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SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PARAMETERS
Health City Proposal: Architectural Overview
The Health City will use a combination of energy optimization strategies, avoiding the dependence on obsolete systems that are highly dependent on energy. It will also use passive design which will decrease energy use through form and orientation of spaces and ceiling heights in buildings. These aspects will optimize heating, cooling and lighting within the development’s buildings.
Health City will enhance the use of technologies, materials and systems for use of renewable energy systems such as hydro, solar and wind throughout the development. The optimal use of these types of energy saves up to 25% in energy usage, contributes to the environment and obtains international certifications of energy savings.
Solar Panels They are designed to significantly reduce the amount of energy consumption within the building they are placed.
Green Roofs This area will consist of different plants; the vegetation on roofs prevents significant heat.
Orientation of the Facade According to the orientation of the site, the facade will be installed according to the program
Latticework and Louvers These are elements that protect against the sun, and are excelent elements of ventilation aside from giving texture to the facades.
Step-backs in the Facade They reduce solar penetration and they add texture to the facades.
Dual Facade These will be built with two or more layers or with translucent material such as glass. They reduce solar penetration and retain substantial heat for the interior to maintain climate control.
Ventilation and Natural Light Ventiliation and light flow into buildings through balconies, windows, step-backs, facade openings, latticework and tall bases with openings (see chimney effect.) Reflecting Pools These pools are sources of humidity and cooling for the surroundings.
Pedestrian Connections The base of buildings are narrower and elevated over pylons/columns to give pedestrians access to the street with the center of the city block or with a green space.
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Landscape The landscape will consist of design using natural elements such as bushes, trees, grass, stones, leaves, and other natural elements found in the zone aside from outdoor forniture and pergolas that will create friendly and ideal landscapes with the surroundings.
Block Centers Block centers are open spaces that are left free of motor vehicles and attract foot traffic.
Chimney Effect The Chimney Effect allows cool air to circulate within an opening in the slabs of the elevated concrete base and travel to the upper floors of the building. Its functionality improves when a reflecting pool that provides humidity is place adjacent to the building.
Base Step-backs Fluctuations in the surface of the base walls produce shade where pedestrians circulate, aside from essentially providing pleasing walk ing spaces that encourage social and commercial activity.
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TRANSPORTATION
Health City Proposal: Architectural Overview
Transportation in the Health City is of vital importance; the close attention to sustainable urban design in the city emphasizes the need for efficient and clean public transportation as well as supporting alternative modes such as biking and walking.
1
Public Transportation Two bus lines running on cutting edge technology providing transportation to the exterior and interior circuits of the city, stopping every 400m and 250m respectively.
The program will consist of several bike stations located throughout the city that will allow individuals to borrow bikes for individual transportation.
The station will connect the Health City with major transportation systems in Ahmedabad and Surendranagar.
Transportation system
Efficient
Sustainable
Fast
• Harmony and coexistence between bikes, public transportation and cars
• Euro V buses are low emission vehicles
• Short distances
• Allows for increased productivity
2
Shared bicycle program
Central Inter-regional Bus Station
• Easy and accessible nodes for transportation
• Reduction in contamination Improves air quality
• Distinctly designated roads for specific transportation
3
External Corridor Road Distance 10.77 km Time in BRT 43.5 min Bycicle n/a Walking n/a
Long Horizontal Path Distance 1.4 km Time in BRT n/a Bycicle 30 min Walking 90 min Interior Corridor Road Distance 6.20 km Time in BRT 32 min Bycicle 25 min Walking n/a
4
Pedestrian Circuit Distance 7.21 km Time in BRT n/a Bycicle 30 min Walking 90 min
5
Short Horizonal Path Distance .7 km Time in BRT n/a Bycicle 3 min Walking 8 min
6
Central Pedestrian Corridor Distance 3.6 km Time in BRT n/a Bycicle 15 min Walking 45 min
1312 ft (400 mt) Radio
820 ft (250 mt) Radio
Reduction in contaminating emissions
Transportation
Co2 Emmissions (g/km)
Euro V Bus
Bicycle 82
27 0
% of reduction in comparison to a car’s inner combustion
50% 100%
World-class transportation systems will make the city very easy to move around in
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Link with Bodies of Water Vegetation Coverings
There will be a pier and topographical treatments that will minimize the impact of rising levels of water in specific areas during monsoon season.
Vegetation will be used to cover building faรงades throughout the entire development giving added thermic comfort to inhabitants.
Peripheral Rings The streets with the highest capacity for traffic are located on the periphery of the development so as not to affect internal movement and transportation.
SUSTAINABILITY: SOLID WASTE AND WATER TREATMENT In order to incentivize the efficient use of natural resources and to guarantee sustainable development in the Health City, the City’s plan will focus on the latest waste management practices and efficient water use.
• Water gardening, sanitation services water consumption, street cleaning • The use of efficient sanitary furniture in order to reduce water consumption (expected to reduce up to 5%) • Toilets, light consumption, shower • Water collection system within the city
$ to third parties for carrying separate waste Master Plan Blueprint
Water Management Initiatives to be introduced include the following:
Solid Waste Management
Entering Resources
Health City Proposal: Architectural Overview
Outgoing Waste
Waste Collection Plant
Organic and residual Paper and cardboard
Goes through simple separation process
Metal, plastic and glass
Function
Water Withdrawal (liters per day per person)
Water recycling programs for secondary uses in each lot
expected to reduce up to 33%
With recycling programs With Sanitary Furniture (33% reduction) (5% reduction)
Domestic
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86
121.6
Industrial
80.3
53.8
76.2
Hospitals
1250/ per bed*
837.5/per bed
1187.5
Hazardous waste / Medical residuals
Organic
Usable non-organics
Recycling organic water
Transformation and compacting
Land Fill Composte for green areas
Creation of energy/gas for carbon credits
Non-organic Disposables Assurance and control Generates Money
Destruction and incineration
Exit from the developmentspecial area designated by relevant authorities
Other initiatives will include The reduction of resources, emphasize on reuse and recycle waste. Central recycling centers will be accessible for all inhabitants. Incentivation for inhabitants to participate in processes of sustainability. Storage facilities as well as individual storage options for residential, commercial, hospitals and labs will be offered.
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*400 bed hospital daily water consumption figure includes patient, relative, hospital activity, residential area
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SMART GRIDS: INTELLIGENT ENERGY SYSTEMS
Health City Proposal: Architectural Overview
Through digital platforms and close monitoring, the authorities within the Health City will be connected in real time to communication systems. Through sensors, monitoring, and civilian participation, the authorities will be able to concentrate their efforts and information through one single platform, analyzing the function of the entire city in real time.
LEED
GRIHA
The Green SEZ (Special Economic Zone) Rating Systems recommended for commercial, residential, and industrial buildings developed by Indian Green Building Council along with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Indian certification from The Energy & Resources Institute. Jointly developed it with Ministry of New & Renewable Energy.
This allows the authorities to:
• Accomplish daily tasks • Prepare for adverse situations • Provide emergency attention The Health City’s information system will enable the application of technological solutions for the following functions:
Water Supply and Energy Efficiency
Drainage System
E-governance
Objectives:
Benefits:
Share information Anticipate problems Coordinate resources
Maintain the productivity of the city Efficiency and more balanced budget of public spending Improved quality of life
Response to problems within the city
1 Problem
2 Anticipation of problem
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3
Identification of problem
Response Decision Making
Resource Coordination
4
Resolution of problem
The aim is to Green SEZ certify 50% of all projects throughout the Health City. Furthermore, the goal is to certify at least 20% of the remaining buildings according to the two previously established green building norms.
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Buffer Zone A separation between the development’s limits and it’s immediate surroundings is creating through the use of a green belt that could include public programs.
Green Rooftops These spaces provide access for residents of the block where the rooftop is located. They can be used as recreational areas. They can also be used for energy-saving systems such as solar panels, rainwater collection, etc.
Transportation Nodes Different locations where bus stops, public transportation and non-motorized transportation, amenities and commerce are located.
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Mexico City 2012