Tosca Program

2015–2016 SEASON SEASON SPONSOR: GLORIA A. RASMUSSEN

TOSCA Welcome to this performance of Puccini’s masterpiece, Tosca, which opens San Diego Opera’s 2015-2016 season, and my first as General Director. This production marks the ninth time San Diego Opera audiences have thrilled to this wonderful work, one of the most favored by opera lovers throughout the world. With soaring arias and stirring ensembles, Tosca is guaranteed to move you.

This production opens a season that combines the familiar with the new: conductor Massimo Zanetti and stage director Lesley Koenig have both been strong artistic voices in San Diego and return to lead a remarkable cast that includes the company debuts of soprano Alexia Voulgaridou as Tosca and tenor Gwyn Hughes Jones as Cavaradossi, as well as the return of San Diego Opera veteran Greer Grimsley as the villain Scarpia.

Our season continues in March with the American concert debut of one of San Diego’s favorite artists, the wonderful Ferruccio Furlanetto, accompanied by musicians of the San Diego Symphony at the Jacobs Music Center. We return to the Civic Theatre in April with a new production of another favorite of Puccini’s operas, Madama Butterfly, featuring the return of soprano Latonia Moore as Cio-Cio San. We close our season in May with the west coast premiere of Great Scott, a wonderful new opera by composer Jake Heggie and librettist Terrance McNally, and directed by another of San Diego’s favorite artistic voices, Jack O’Brien. Great Scott will feature the San Diego Opera debuts of a number of important artists, including the renowned mezzo-soprano Frederica von Stade, and baritone Nathan Gunn.

Next year, we will continue to combine the familiar and new, with an exciting season of traditional operas at the Civic Theatre that opens in October, combined with smaller-scale works in other venues throughout San Diego. We will announce our 2016-2017 season soon, so stay tuned for more information.

I’m very grateful for all of you that are part of San Diego Opera’s family, and that you have shown your support by buying tickets and making donations to keep opera alive and well in San Diego. I’m thrilled to work with you to build on the artistic legacy of this amazing company and continue to engage audiences long into the future.

Sincerely,

David Bennett General Director, San Diego Opera PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P1

2015-2016 BOARD OF DIRECTORS OFFICERS

Carol Lazier President

MISSION STATEMENT

Courtney Ann Coyle Robert H. Kaplan, Ph.D. Executive Vice President Vice President, Finance

Candace Carroll Secretary/ Parliamentarian

DIRECTORS

The mission of San Diego Opera is to deliver exceptional vocal performances and exciting, accessible programs to diverse audiences, focusing on community engagement and the transformative power of live performance.

VISION STATEMENT

David Brenner, M.D.

Teresa Fischlowitz

Nathan Fletcher

Kathryn Hattox

Harry F. Hixson, Jr., Ph.D.

San Diego Opera will be recognized internationally as a leading example of adaptability, innovation and sustainability in the operatic arts, promoting diversified programming and unique performance venues with world-class and emerging talent.

CORE VALUES STATEMENT

Karl Hostetler, M.D.

James A. Merritt

Ann Irwin

Gloria Rasmussen

Sandra Joy Lawhon

Zandra Rhodes

Matthew Leivo

Stacy Kellner Rosenberg

Sarah B. Marsh-Rebelo

Thomas Shiftan, M.D.

Through excellence in innovative programming and education, SDO provides a lasting cultural service to the community.

• Our tradition of excellence in fully staged opera is augmented with new models of opera and venues. Our unique and deep commitment to the community propels us to explore ways of increasing affordability and accessibility.

• Through fiscal responsibility and nimble adaptation to the changing marketplace, we protect the future of San Diego Opera.

Linda Spuck

Tony Thornley

P2 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE

Danitza Villanueva

• Our educational and community involvement coupled with relevant programming will build the audience of the future.

LEADERSHIP 2015-2016 ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS

SAN DIEGO OPERA

Dr. James Forbes Phyllis K. Harris Mr. Daniel J. Reed Lester Stiel Karen Valentino Lori M. Walton

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2015-2016 ADVISORY DIRECTORS Richard R. Abello Dr. Robin L. Allgren, MD Bobbie Ball-Bradley Ms. Debbie Barkley Mrs. Ann Block Ms. Margaret L. Boyce Dr. Dick Bridy Ms. Sarah Blakely Brown Mr. Jim Carter Scott Crispell Billie Jean Culwell Dr. Martha Dennis, Ph.D. Mrs. Sharon Dennison Dr. LeRoy M. Dorman Mrs. Edie Drcar Dr. Jane Dyson Mr. John R. Engel, Esq Mrs. Mary Ellen Fleischli John Patrick Ford Mr. Peter C. Gernold Dr. Joan Heller Brown, Ph.D. Joan Henkelmann Hon. Herbert B. Hoffman Ms. Joanne C. Hutchinson Valentin Isacescu, MD Dr. David S. Johnson

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SAN DIEGO OPERA LEADERSHIP HISTORY PRESIDENTS 1964-66 1966 1966-68 1967-70 1968-69 1969-70 1970-72 1970-73 1972-74 1973-74 1974-76 1976-78 1978-81 1981-83 1983-85 1985-87 1987-90

Mrs. Lionel U. Ridout+ Mrs. Glenn C. Erickson+ Mr. W. Allen Perry+ Robert B. Bottomley* Mrs. Robert G. Thompson+ Mrs. Robert S. Fadem+ Miss Esther M. Benter+ John Patrick Ford* Dr. Dwight E. Twist+ Mrs. Lionel U. Ridout*+ Mrs. Lionel U. Ridout+ Mr. Josiah L. Neeper+ Mr. Harold B. Williams Mrs. Frank T. Weston Mrs. Douglas K. Pay Mr. William E. Nelson Esther J. Burnham+

HONORARY & LIFE DIRECTORS 1990-92 1992-94 1994-96 1996-98 1998-00 2000-02 2002-05 2005-07 2007-09 2009-11 2011-13 2013 2013-14 2014-

Mr. Steven S. Wall Lee Goldberg Mitchell L. Lathrop M. Faye Wilson Harry F. Hixson, Jr. William R. Stensrud Iris Lynn Strauss Drew Senyei, MD Robert Horsman David E. Kleinfeld Karen S. Cohn Stacy Kellner Rosenberg Karen S. Cohn Carol Lazier

*San Diego Opera, Inc. Presidents (merged with SDO Guild in 1974)

Esther J. Burnham+ Margaret Ridout Conrad+ Mr. J. Ralph Corbett+ Mrs. Morley H. Golden+ Joseph W. Hibben+ Harry F. Hixson, Jr.

Maurice C. Kaplan+ Miss Dorothy Kirsten+ Mrs. Edgar A. Luce+ Dr. Jan Popper+ Iris Lynn Strauss

GENERAL DIRECTORS 1965-75 Walter Herbert 1975-77 Kenneth K. Caswell (General Manager)

Tito Capobianco (Artistic Director) 1977-83 Tito Capobianco 1983-2014 Ian D. Campbell (General & Artistic Director, CEO) 2015- David Bennett +

In memoriam

PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P3

ABOUT THE OPERA

TOSCA'S JOURNEY AND THE STREETS OF ROME JUNE 1800 by

S u s a n V a n d i v e r N i c a ss i o

F

loria Tosca; Mario Cavaradossi; Vitellio, Baron Scarpia: these are fictions, and they live forever in a single day – from noon on Tuesday, 17 June 1800 until sunrise on Wednesday the 18th.

But if they are fictions, the world they live in was a very real one, and the opera (along with the Sardou play it was based on) gives us a very specific time-table and set of venues. From them, we can reconstruct the city, the events, the streets and buildings, even the weather. We can follow our unlucky heroine through the last 16 or 17 hours of her life.

Tosca will spend the day and night hurrying, with increasing urgency, from home to the theater, from the theater to the church of Sant’Andrea, from Sant’Andrea to a villa on the outskirts of the city and back, to arrive at the Farnese palace after nightfall; then from the Farnese to the fortress of Sant’Angelo in a hired coach, ready for a 60-mile flight to freedom, a journey she will never take.

The weather that June (we have a very detailed record of it) was hot, but not unseasonably so: daytime temperatures were in the mid-80s. Most days were clear and the nights calm, but in the middle of the month there was heavy rain towards nightfall.

When Floria Tosca sets out on that hot Tuesday morning (close to noon, but that’s morning for theater people), it would seem like just another busy day during the short Roman opera season: love, rehearsal, love, performance, love.

Puccini and Sardou don’t tell us where she lives, but there are two good possibilities, both of them a little over half a mile from Sant’Andrea della Valle.

Mario Cavaradossi has a town house on the Piazza di Spagna – but for her to live there with him would be a little daring for Rome. (That’s why they spend time at a secret villa, just inside the city walls.) She would have P4 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE

her own apartments in the Venetian Palace – Sardou suggests that she is Venetian, in Rome for the opera season, and famous Venetians were often given quarters in the splendid palace that housed their embassy.

Built during the Renaissance (and still a major Roman tourist site), the palace is faced by stone from the Colosseum. As a diplomatic seat for the Republic of Venice, it features splendid marble staircases and a balcony for addressing the crowds (Mussolini used it to great effect). The sculptor Canova had apartments and a studio there. Like Tosca, Canova was a citizen of the Venetian Republic and, after Napoleon gave Venice to Austria, of the Austrian Empire.

Follow her as she leaves the garden at the back of the Venetian Palace on the via San Marco and walks towards the river on the shady via delle Botteghe Oscure, past the Piazza dei Calcari to the Largo Argentina, where the theater stands. It has no façade in 1800, but inside it is the grandest and most modern theater in Rome. The composer Paisiello is waiting, but she’s not ready for rehearsal yet. She passes the theater, walking with quickening steps along the narrow via Sudario to Sant’Andrea. Then she pauses. Rather than entering the church, she goes on a few hundred yards to the Campo dei Fiori, the flower market, near the Farnese Palace. Does she feel a shiver of apprehension if she glances at that center of power, site of the royal apartments and, directly above them, the apartments of the Baron Scarpia, head of the Roman police? Or is she thinking only of flowers for the Madonna, and of the man she is hurrying to meet?

With her bouquet, she retraces her steps to the side entrance to Sant’Andrea and, surprised to find the door locked, calls out his name.

One of the great churches of the city, Sant’Andrea della Valle is (for Rome) relatively new, finished only

ABOUT THE OPERA about 150 years earlier, in the middle of the 17th century. Its dome is second only to St Peter’s. It was designed by the great Baroque architect, Carlo Maderno, and its chapels and ceiling were decorated by the finest painters of the day. Mario Cavaradossi, student of the radical French master Jacques-Louis David, is in grand company.

The meeting is vaguely disappointing. Something indefinable, something threatening, is wrong. A woman? But he eagerly agrees to a rendezvous at the villa that evening, and rehearsal presses. Leaving by the side door – he locks it behind her – she hurries to the theater. The Argentina, too, is new (for Rome), having opened its doors in 1732. Fifteen years after Tosca’s interrupted rehearsal the Argentina will see the premiere of Rossini’s immortal The Barber of Seville.

Is the glamorous Tosca starring in the popular older version of that same opera, composed by her friend, Paisiello? A charming and masterful Rosina on stage; a tragic victim off stage?

But no sooner does she arrive at the Argentina, already in a bad mood, than she receives some flattering, if frustrating, news: she is summoned to a royal command performance at the Farnese Palace that evening, to perform a cantata that Paisiello is even now busy composing. Queen Maria Carolina, sister of the martyred Marie Antoinette and the steel behind the King of Naples, is passing through the city. The unexpected news of a great royal victory at Marengo has inspired her to hold a gala fête, with music by Paisiello sung by the darling of the Roman stage, La Tosca. The delicious prospect of reconciliation after a spat will have to be postponed. Rehearsal can wait, too: she hurries back to the church, where the side door is now mysteriously open.

The Chief of Police is there, smooth and convincing, with stories of an interrupted tryst between Mario and the model for his Magdalene. It’s easy for him to convince her that the lovers have run away to a secret refuge: now, where on earth could that secret refuge be?

Mario and Tosca’s villa hideaway is located just inside the walls of the city, near the beginning of the most famous of the ancient Roman roads, the Appian

Way. From Sant’Andrea, it is about two miles distant, an easy walk of an hour, or a short cab ride – past the theater, past the Circus Maximus and the Baths of Caracalla, out into the lightly populated districts of gardens and ruins, vineyards and orange groves, towards the Saint Sebastian gate. The villa does not exist, but near where it would be is the house of Cardinal Bessarione, a rustic retreat set back from the road, an unpretentious place with cool, bright, roughly plastered rooms, and a dark cellar. The back of the house opens onto an informal garden with trees heavy with oranges – and a large, deep, echoing well.

We know – though she does not – that the police are following her to the villa. But they carefully wait until she leaves, sent on her way with kisses and reassurances. Mario locks the front door behind her, but

Sylvie Valayre as Tosca and Greer Grimsley as Scarpia in San Diego Opera's 2009 production of Tosca. Photo by Ken Howard.

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ABOUT THE OPERA the police scale the garden walls and will storm the house from the rear. Floria Tosca, unaware of the danger, hurries back to the city as the sky darkens with an afternoon thunderstorm. Even if she has walked, and returns to the city on foot, no more than three hours will have passed since she left Sant’Andrea. It is only a few days away from the longest day of the year, and there are hours of light ahead.

She has two things that she must do, and do quickly: she must meet with Paisiello to run through his hastily-composed cantata for the Queen’s reception; and she must return to her apartments for the long and arduous task of dressing in the embroidered and bejeweled silk demanded by the protocol of the royal court.

As evening falls and the rain stops – tropical rain rarely lasts past sunset – she travels by carriage from the Venetian Palace to the Farnese Palace. This is a formal occasion, and Floria Tosca is a favorite of Queen Maria Carolina (as Sardou tells us). Her Majesty will have sent a coach and driver to honor her famous guest. The distance is just over half a mile, but it will be a slow trip: the streets are clogged with people excited over the reported defeat of Napoleon at Marengo, a defeat that they hope has saved Rome from yet another military conquest. The carriages of all the notables of the city are, like hers, bound for the Farnese and the royal celebrations. Surely there are fireworks exploding everywhere as evening falls – gorgeous spectacles in light and color for the Queen, and smaller exhibitions sponsored by every parish and civic organization in Rome, with plenty of free wine to go around.

No sooner has she reached the door to the royal apartments, breathless and late, when she is stopped by a servant with a chilling message from the Baron Scarpia: the Cavaliere Cavaradossi is in danger; if she wishes to help him, perhaps she could come to Scarpia’s apartments after the concert?

After the nightmare in Scarpia’s apartments, she hurries to her home to collect anything that can be quickly turned into money – jewels, gold, small objets d’art, whatever she can lay her hands on. Then, tearing off her cumbersome court costume she dresses simply – maybe even borrowing her maid’s dress. Half P6 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE

a mile away, near the Spanish Steps, she pounds on the door of a vetturino (driver of a hired travel coach).

She pays the first, exorbitant, price that he asks (much to his astonishment and suspicion), and hurries, breathless, from there to the Castel Sant’Angelo where her safe-conduct secures entry. Already the sky is beginning to lighten, as church bells ring out over the silent, sleeping city. It is only minutes before the fatal hour of four bells. The travel coach waits below, prepared for the 60 mile trip to the seaport of Civitavecchia, and safety – with luck, by midday they will be aboard a fishing boat headed north towards the French lines and freedom.

But Floria Tosca’s luck has run out.

Susan Vandiver Nicassio is a professor of History and the author of Tosca’s Rome: The Play and the Opera in Historical Perspective, and Imperial City: Rome, Romans and Napoleon, and of the soon-to-be-published Tosca: The Whole Story, a Novel. She is a Fellow of the American Academy in Rome who has walked the route many times.

TOSCA’S JOURNEY, JUNE 17, 1800* Home (Venetian Palace) to Sant’Andrea ½ mile Sant’Andrea to the Campo dei Fiori (flowers) ¼ mile Sant’Andrea to the Argentina Theater ¼ mile Sant’Andrea to the villa 2 miles Villa to the Venetian Palace 2 miles Venetian Palace to Farnese Palace ¾ mile Venetian Palace to Spanish Steps ½ mile Farnese Palace to Castel Sant’Angelo ¾ mile Total distance covered during the day, on foot and by carriage *Distances are approximate

9 ½ miles

SYNOPSIS

TOSCA Rome, June 14, 1800

ACT II - The Farnese Palace

The Battle of Marengo was fought this day in Piedmont, Italy, between 28,000 French forces led by Napoleon Bonaparte and 30,000 Austrian forces led by General Melas. Although Napoleon appeared defeated in the morning, the French overcame the Austrians in a surprise attack at night, driving them out of Italy.

Scarpia anticipates his evening’s victories. Sciarrone, an agent of Scarpia, is sent to fetch Tosca following her performance. Spoletta arrives with news that although Angelotti has not been found, he has arrested Cavaradossi, whom Scarpia interrogates. Tosca arrives just as Cavaradossi is taken off to an adjoining room to be tortured. Although she disavows any knowledge of where Angelotti might be, she is finally so overcome

by Cavaradossi’s screams that she reveals the hiding place. When he realizes what Tosca has revealed, Cavaradossi is outraged. Sciarrone rushes in to announce that Napoleon has in fact won the Battle of Marengo, a defeat for Scarpia but joyful news for Cavaradossi. He is taken off to the Castel Sant’Angelo to be hanged at sunrise. Scarpia suggests Tosca yield herself to him in exchange for her lover's life. Fighting off his advances, she protests her fate to God, having dedicated her life to art and love. Spoletta enters to announce that Angelotti has been found and committed suicide, and reiterates that the the gallows are ready for Cavaradossi, forcing Tosca to give in to Scarpia or see her lover killed. Scarpia feigns changing his orders from death by hanging to a mock execution by firing squad, after which Cavaradossi will be freed. Scarpia writes a safe-conduct out of Rome for the lovers. As he rushes victoriously toward Tosca, she kills him. Wrenching the safe conduct document from his fingers, she slips from the room.

ACT I - Sant’Andrea della Valle Cesare Angelotti, an escaping political prisoner, searches for a key to open a chapel and hides there as the church’s Sacristan enters, grumbling about his work. The artist Mario Cavaradossi arrives to continue work on his portrait of Mary Magdalene, inspired by a young woman he has seen the day before in prayer. He compares the raven beauty of his love, the singer Floria Tosca, with that of the blonde Magdalene. Angelotti comes out of hiding, and as he explains his escape from the Castel Sant’Angelo, Tosca calls to Cavaradossi, who gives Angelotti food and hurries him back into the chapel. Tosca is certain she has heard Cavaradossi with another woman and jealously questions him. They set a rendezvous at his villa that evening. As the artist returns to work, Tosca suddenly recognizes the Magdalene as the Marchesa Attavanti, whom she deems must be Cavaradossi’s lover. He assures Tosca that he loves only her, and she departs. Cavaradossi realizes that Angelotti is Attavanti’s brother, and she has hidden a disguise of women’s clothing in the chapel. Cavaradossi sends Angelotti off to hide deep in the well of his garden, but upon hearing a cannon signaling a prisoner has escaped from the Castel Sant’Angelo, the two flee together to the villa, inadvertently dropping a fan, part of the disguise. The Sacristan announces a celebration around the defeat of Napoleon, and in the throes of jubilation, the Baron Scarpia, Chief of Police, arrives in search of Angelotti. The Sacristan mumbles that the empty food basket in the chapel must mean that Angelotti had indeed hidden there. When Tosca returns to tell Cavaradossi that she can’t meet that evening due to her part in the evening’s celebration around Napoleon’s defeat, Scarpia shows her the fan decorated with the Attavanti crest, and muses that surely Attavanti and Cavaradossi are lovers. Tosca tearfully vows vengeance and leaves for the villa where she is sure to find the two lovers. Scarpia sends his men to follow her and ruminates on the joy of two possible conquests that evening – capturing his political enemy and taking Tosca for himself.

ACT III - The Castel Sant'Angelo Awaiting execution, Cavaradossi bribes the jailer to take a farewell note to Tosca. Writing it, he is overcome with memories of an evening of love, and gives way to despair. Tosca rushes in to tell him of Scarpia’s death by her hands. She explains the mock execution and exhorts him to fake his death well. The lovers revel in their upcoming triumph. The firing squad carries out its orders and fires upon Cavaradossi, who falls convincingly. Tosca begs him to remain silent and still until the squad has departed, then urges him to rise and escape. When he fails to move, she discovers that Scarpia's treachery has reached from beyond the grave: the bullets were real. Calling out that she and Scarpia will meet before God, Tosca leaps to her death.

Synopsis by Lesley Koenig

PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P7

SINOPSIS

TOSCA Roma, 14 de junio de 1800

ACTO II - El Palacio Farnesio

La Batalla de Marengo fue librada en esta fecha en Piamonte, Italia, entre 28.000 tropas francesas lideradas por Napoleón Bonaparte y 30.000 tropas austríacas lideradas por el general Melas. Aunque Napoleón parecía derrotado en la mañana, los franceses superaron a los austríacos en un ataque sorpresa nocturno, expulsándolos fuera de Italia.

Scarpia anticipa sus victorias de esa noche. Se envía a Sciarrone, un agente de Scarpia, a buscar a Tosca después de su presentación. Spoletta llega con la noticia de que, si bien no han encontrado a Angelotti, ha arrestado a Cavaradossi, a quien Scarpia somete a interrogatorio.

Tosca llega justo cuando llevan a Cavaradossi a un cuarto contiguo para ser torturado. Aunque ella niega tener conocimiento alguno acerca del paradero de Angelotti, finalmente la vencen los gritos de Cavaradossi y ella revela el escondite. Cavaradossi se encoleriza cuando se da cuenta de lo que ha revelado Tosca. Sciarrone entra repentinamente y anuncia que, de hecho, Napoleón ha ganado la Batalla de Marengo, una derrota para Scarpia pero buenas noticias para Cavaradossi. Lo llevan al Castillo de Sant’Angelo para ser ahorcado al amanecer. Scarpia le sugiere a Tosca que se entregue a él a cambio de salvarle la vida a su amante. Luchando contra sus avances, ella protesta su destino a Dios, habiendo dedicado su vida al arte y al amor. Spoletta le comunica a Scarpia que el patíbulo ya ha sido erigido, lo cual obliga a Tosca a rendirse a Scarpia o ver muerto a su amante. Scarpia cambia sus órdenes de muerte por la horca a un simulacro de ejecución por pelotón de fusilamiento, después del cual liberarían a Cavaradossi. Scarpia redacta un salvoconducto para que los amantes puedan huir de Roma.

Cuando él se apresura victoriosamente hacia Tosca, ella lo mata. Arrancándole de las manos el documento de salvoconducto, Tosca se escabulle del cuarto.

ACTO I - Sant’Andrea della Valle Cesare Angelotti, un prisionero político evadido, busca una llave para abrir una capilla y se esconde allí en el momento en que entra el sacristán de la iglesia, refunfuñando acerca de su trabajo. El artista Mario Cavaradossi llega para continuar la labor en su retrato de María Magdalena, inspirado por una joven mujer que él ha visto el día anterior rezando. Él compara la belleza de su amor, la cantante Floria Tosca de renegrida cabellera, con la rubia Magdalena. Angelotti sale de su escondite, y mientras explica su escape del Castillo de Sant’Angelo, Tosca llama a Cavaradossi, quien le da comida a Angelotti y lo hace esconder de nuevo con premura en la capilla.

Tosca está convencida de haber oído a Cavaradossi con otra mujer y celosa lo acosa a preguntas. Arreglan un encuentro en la casa de campo de Cavaradossi para esa noche. Al retomar el artista su trabajo, Tosca de repente reconoce que la Magdalena es la marquesa Attavanti, quien ella asume debe ser la amante de Cavaradossi. Él le asegura a Tosca que ella es la única mujer que él ama, y ella parte. Cavaradossi se da cuenta de que Angelotti es el hermano de Attavanti, y que ella ha escondido un disfraz de ropas de mujer en la capilla. Cavaradossi envía a Angelotti a esconderse en lo profundo del pozo de su jardín, pero al escuchar un cañonazo anunciando que un prisionero ha escapado del Castillo de Sant'Angelo, los dos escapan juntos hacia la casa de campo de Cavaradossi, cayéndoseles por error un abanico que era parte del disfraz. El sacristán anuncia una celebración por la derrota de Napoleón, y sumidos en gran algarabía, el Barón Scarpia, Jefe de Policía, llega en busca de Angelotti. El sacristán balbucea que la cesta de comida vacía debe indicar que Angelotti en verdad estuvo escondido ahí.

Cuando Tosca regresa a decirle a Cavaradossi que no se podrán encontrar porque ella debe actuar en la celebración de la derrota de Napoleón esa noche, Scarpia le muestra el abanico decorado con el escudo de armas de Attavanti, y reflexiona que Attavanti y Cavaradossi seguramente son amantes. Tosca, en lágrimas, jura venganza y parte hacia la casa de campo de Cavaradossi donde está segura de encontrar a los amantes. Scarpia hace que sus hombres la sigan, rumiando en el deleite de dos posibles conquistas esa noche: capturar a su enemigo político y conquistar a Tosca para sí mismo.

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ACTO III - El Castillo de Sant’Angelo Mientras espera ser ejecutado, Cavaradossi soborna al carcelero para que éste lleve a Tosca una nota de despedida. Al escribirla, lo sobrepasan los recuerdos de una noche de amor, y se abandona a la desesperación.

Tosca entra apresuradamente para decirle que ella ha matado a Scarpia con sus propias manos. Ella le explica acerca de la ejecución simulada y exhorta a fingir creíblemente su muerte. Los amantes se deleitan en su inminente triunfo. El pelotón cumple con sus órdenes y abre fuego contra Cavaradossi, quien colapsa de manera convincente. Tosca le implora que se mantenga callado y quieto hasta que se haya retirado el escuadrón, y luego lo insta a levantarse y escaparse. Cuando él no se mueve, ella descubre que la traición de Scarpia ha llegado desde más allá de su tumba: las balas eran de verdad. Gritando que ella y Scarpia se volverán a ver ante Dios, Tosca salta a su muerte.

Translated to Spanish by Ana C. Martinez and Claudio Luchina

Giacomo Puccini

TOSCA San Diego Civic Theatre February 13, 16, 19, 21, 2016

SETTING:

CAST:

(in order of vocal appearance)

Rome, Italy in the Napoleonic Era

Angelotti Sacristan Cavaradossi Tosca Scarpia Spoletta Sciarrone Shepherd Boy Jailer

Kristopher Irmiter Scott Sikon Gwyn Hughes Jones* Alexia Voulgaridou* Greer Grimsley Joel Sorensen Kristopher Irmiter Bridget Hogan* Johnnie Bankens*

Conductor Director Scenic Designer Costume Designer Lighting Designer Wig and Makeup Designer Chorus Master Principal Pianist Supertitles

Supertitles Coordinator Associate Supertitles Coordinator Diction Coach

Massimo Zanetti Lesley Koenig Andrew Horn* Andrew Marley* Gary Marder Steven W. Bryant Charles Prestinari Dorothy S. Randall Charles Arthur Ian Campbell Charles Arthur Marian Porter

ACT I The Church of Sant’ Andrea della Valle – 25 Minute Intermission – ACT II The Farnese Palace – 20 Minute Intermission – Act III The Roof of the Castel Sant’ Angelo

The running time is approximately two hours and 40 minutes, including two intermissions.

Libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa.

Based on the play by Victorien Sardou.

Costumes originally created for New York City Opera and refurbished by Seattle Opera Costume Shop.

Original Costume Design by Andrew Marley with additional designs by Heidi Zamora.

Scenery owned by San Diego Opera.

First performance at Teatro Costanzi, Rome, Italy on January 14, 1900.

Emmanuela Patroncini

* San Diego Opera Debut

San Diego Opera is pleased to recognize UC San Diego Health and Cymer as our Corporate Producing Partners for Tosca.

Sincere thanks also goes to Sycuan Casino, Phone Etiquette Sponsor.

Cast subject to change. By arrangement with Hendon Music, Inc., a Boosey & Hawkes company, Sole Agent in the U.S., Canada and Mexico for Casa Ricordi/Universal Music Publishing Ricordi S.R.L., publisher and copyright owner.

Microphones are used for a radio broadcast on Saturday, February 20, 2016 at 8:00pm on KPBS 89.5FM, 89.1FM La Jolla, 97.7FM Imperial Valley or at www.kpbs.org.

PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P9

ARTISTS JOHNNIE BANKENS (Bass-baritone) Jailer Company debut. Notable appearances: Colline, La bohème (Nevada Opera); Don Giovanni, Don Giovanni; Falstaff, Falstaff (La Musica Lirica, San Marino); Don Basilio, The Barber of Seville (Opéra Louisiane), Figaro, The Marriage of Figaro (LSU Opera), soloist, Mozart's Requiem, Handel's Messiah, Bach's B minor Mass, Saint-Saëns’ The Christmas Oratorio, Brahms' Requiem.

GREER GRIMSLEY (Bass-baritone) Scarpia Company appearances: Telramund, Lohengrin; Pizarro, Fidelio; The High Priest of Dagon, Samson and Delilah; Scarpia, Tosca; Méphistophélès, Faust; Jochanaan, Salome. Recent: Wotan, Ring Cycle (Seattle Opera); Pizarro (Opera Company of Philadelphia, Portland Opera, Portuguese National Opera); Kurwenal, Tristan und Isolde (Lyric Opera of Chicago); Jochanaan (Santa Fe Opera, Vancouver Opera, San Francisco Opera); Scarpia (L’Opéra de Montréal, Opera Colorado, Lyric Opera of Kansas City); Captain Balstrode, Peter Grimes; Amfortas, Parsifal; Escamillo, Carmen; Jochanaan; Scarpia; Telramund (Metropolitan Opera); The Dutchman, The Flying Dutchman (Lithuania, Seattle Opera); Macbeth, Macbeth (Vancouver Opera); Amonasro, Aida (Portland Opera); Méphistophélès, Faust (New Orleans Opera); Sweeney Todd, Sweeney Todd (Vancouver Opera). greergrimsley.com

BRIDGET HOGAN (Soprano) Shepherd Boy Company debut. Recent appearances: United Solo Theater Festival, New York City Opera, VOX New Music Festival, Opera New Jersey, Light Opera New Jersey, New York City Ballet, Windsor Symphony, Summit Music Festival NJ, Toronto Sinfonia, Elmer Iseler Singers of Canada, Quebec’s Festival de la Musique Sacrée, Ontario’s Festival of the Sound. bridget-hogan.com

GWYN HUGHES JONES (Tenor) Cavaradossi Company debut. Recent appearances: Don Jose, Carmen (Welsh National Opera), Chevalier des Grieux, Manon Lescaut (Welsh National Opera, Savonlinna Festival), Pinkerton, Madama Butterfly; Manrico, Il trovatore; Fenton, Falstaff, Ismaele, Nabucco (Metropolitan Opera), Walther, Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg; Pinkerton; Rodolfo, La bohème; Lensky, Eugene Onegin; Rinuccio, Gianni Schicchi; The Italian Tenor, Der Rosenkavalier, Don Alvaro, La Forza del Destino (English National Opera), Cavaradossi, Tosca (Los Angeles Opera, Washington National Opera), Rodolfo (Santa Fe Opera, Lyric Opera of Chicago, San Francisco Opera), Ernesto, Don Pasquale (Florida Grand Opera), Ismaele (San Francisco Opera), Pinkerton; Macduff, Macbeth (Royal Opera, Covent Garden).

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KRISTOPHER IRMITER (Bass-baritone) Angelotti/Sciarrone Company appearances: Ned Keene, Peter Grimes; Dr. Grenvil, La traviata; the Fifth Jew, Salome; The Second Priest, Murder in the Cathedral; Masetto, Don Giovanni.

Notable: Scarpia, Tosca (Lyric Opera of Chicago, Arizona Opera); Daland, The Flying Dutchman (Opera Carolina); The Dutchman, The Flying Dutchman (Michigan Opera Theatre, Utah Festival Opera); Méphistophélès, Faust (Lyric Opera Baltimore); The Immigration Officer, Flight (Austin Lyric Opera); Escamillo, Carmen; Don Alfonso, Così fan tutte (Opera Carolina); Raimondo, Lucia di Lammermoor (Opera Cleveland, Opera Carolina, Toledo Opera); Rucker Lattimore, Cold Sassy Tree (Utah Opera, Atlanta Opera); Don Giovanni, Don Giovanni (Opera Carolina), Escamillo (San Francisco Opera; Capulet, Romeo and Juliet (Atlanta Opera); T.J. Rigg, Elmer Gantry (Nashville Opera); Mr. Redburn, Billy Budd (Pittsburgh Opera). www.kristopherirmiter.com

SCOTT SIKON (Bass-baritone) Sacristan Notable Company appearances: Superintendent Budd, Albert Herring, Antonio, The Marriage of Figaro, Alcindro/ Benoit, La bohème, Christian, A Masked Ball, Steve Hubble, A Streetcar Named Desire, Count Monterone, Rigoletto, Montano, Otello, The Bonze, Madama Butterfly, Dikoi, Katya Kabanova, Schaunard, La bohème, Curio, Julius Caesar in Egypt, Morales, Carmen, Fiorello, The Barber of Seville, the Second Philistine, Samson and Delilah, Reinmar von Zweter, Tannhäuser, Sacristan, Tosca, Mandarin, Turandot, Wagner, Faust, Nazarene, Salome, Corporal, The Daughter of the Regiment, soloist, 50th Anniversary Celebration Concert.

JOEL SORENSEN (Tenor) Spoletta Company appearances: Curley, Of Mice and Men; Camp Williams, Cold Sassy Tree; Andres, Wozzeck; Rodriguez, Don Quixote; Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet; Pang, Turandot; Valzacchi, Der Rosenkavalier; the First Tempter/First Knight, Murder in the Cathedral; Beppe, Pagliacci. Notable: Elder Hayes, Susannah; Mr. Pease, Dolores Claiborne; Dr. Caius, Falstaff; Spoletta (San Francisco Opera); Wilhelm, Ghosts of Versailles; Don Curzio, The Marriage of Figaro; Guidobald, Die Gezeichneten; Spoletta (Los Angeles Opera); Spoletta (Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra); Goro, Madama Butterfly; Spoletta; Monostatos, The Magic Flute; Monsieur de Beausset, War and Peace; Valzacchi; Loge, Das Rheingold (Metropolitan Opera); Zorn, Die Meistersinger (Lyric Opera of Chicago, San Francisco Opera); Andres (Salzburg Landestheater); Goro, (Atlanta Opera); Herod, Salome (Florentine Opera); Pedrillo, Die Entführung aus dem Serail (Atlanta Opera, Portland Opera). www.uzanartists.com/portfolio/joel-sorensen

ARTISTS ALEXIA VOULGARIDOU (Soprano) Tosca Company debut. Recent: Mimì, La bohème; Marguerite Faust; Cio-Cio-San, Madama Butterfly (Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Royal Opera, Covent Garden). Marguerite; CioCio-San; Blanche, Dialogues des Carmélites; Nedda, Pagliacci; Desdemona, Otello (Hamburg State Opera). Tosca, Tosca; Magda, La rondine (Opera Australia), Mimì, La bohème; Manon, Manon; Micaëla, Carmen (La Scala), Luisa Miller, Luisa Miller (Stuttgart State Opera), Maria, Mazepa (De Vlaamse Opera), Amelia Grimaldi, Simon Boccanegra (Toulouse), Anna Bolena, Anna Bolena (Turin,Palermo). www.voulgaridou.com ************

STEVEN W. BRYANT Wig & Makeup Designer San Diego Opera: 1985 Peter Grimes, debut; 2006 – current, Wig and Makeup Designer. Recent: Santa Fe Opera, Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, New York City Opera, The Dallas Opera, Teatro Colon, Royal Opera (Oman). World Premieres: Leonard Bernstein’s A Quiet Place, Tobias Picker’s Emmeline, Tom Pasatieri’s Frau Margot (costume design). Broadway: Julie Taymor’s Green Bird and Styne’s Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.

ANDREW HORN Set Design Company debut. Notable designs: (Opera) Baltimore, Detroit, Minneapolis, Atlanta, Philadelphia, New York, Miami, Houston, Los Angeles; (Ballet) American Repertory Ballet; (Theatre) Berkshire Theatre Fesitval, La Jolla Playhouse. andrewhorndesign.com

LESLEY KOENIG Stage Director San Diego Opera: La bohème (1995), The Marriage of Figaro (1998), Samson and Delilah (2013), A Masked Ball (2014).

Notable: Così fan tutte, The Tales of Hoffmann, Director of Production (Metropolitan Opera); numerous productions for Lyric Opera of Chicago, Opera Company of Philadelphia, Lake George Opera Festival, Wolf Trap Opera, The Salzburg Festival, Vereingte Bühnen, Stadttheater Aachen, Orchestre de Paris, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Stadttheater St. Gallen; General Director, Opera Boston; General Manager, San Francisco Ballet; Current Managing Director, Weston Playhouse Theatre Company.

GARY MARDER Lighting Designer San Diego Opera: Norma, Peter Grimes, Carmen, The Barber of Seville, Samson and Delilah, A Masked Ball. Notable appearances: The Makropulos Case, Samson and Delilah (Houston Grand Opera); Dialogues of the Carmelites (Palm Beach Opera); Big River, The Tempest, Pinocchio, Death of a Salesman (The New York State Theatre Institute); A Terrible Beauty (Off-Broadway); Tru, Grand Hotel, Gypsy, Annie II (Broadway, assistant lighting designer); assistant resident lighting designer (Metropolitan Opera); associate resident lighting designer (New York City Opera); resident lighting designer (San Francisco Opera). garymarder.com

ANDREW MARLAY Costume Designer Company debut. Notable costume designs include: Tosca, Cavalleria rusticana, Pagliacci, and The Music Man (New York City Opera), Die Fledermaus (Santa Fe Opera), Strider and Truly Blessed on Broadway, Heartbreak House, Fallen Angels, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, and Man and Superman off Broadway, among many others.

CHARLES F. PRESTINARI Chorus Master San Diego Opera: 2012 – current, Chorus Master; The Pearl Fishers (Acting Chorus Master, 2008); Turandot (Acting Chorus Master, 2011).

Other work: 2007-2012, Chorus Master (New York City Opera); 2004-2007, Assistant Chorus Master (New York City Opera); 2014, Carmen, Aspen Summer Music Festival (Chorus Master); 2013, Carmina Burana, The National Chorale (Guest Conductor); 2011, Romeo and Juliette, Opera San Antonio (Principal Pianist); 2006, Carmel Bach Festival (Accompanist); 2004-2005, Brevard Music Center (Assistant Conductor/Coach); 2001-2004, Indiana University Opera Theatre (Chorus Master/Coach).

MASSIMO ZANETTI Conductor Company appearances: A Masked Ball; Verdi Requiem (2014). Notable appearances: Don Giovanni (Staatsoper Unter den Linden), Carmen, The Barber of Seville (Teatro alla Scala); I due Foscari (Gran Teatre del Liceu); A Masked Ball (Teatro Regio di Parma, Teatro las Palmas); Don Giovanni, Don Carlo, La traviata (Berlin Staatsoper); Turandot (Royal Stockholm Opera); Macbeth, Luisa Miller (Bayerische Staatsoper); Simon Boccanegra (Vienna Symphoniker); Verdi’s Requiem (Linz); Otello (Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires); Otello, Carmen, The Marriage of Figaro, Norma, Don Carlo, Madama Butterfly, La bohème (Semperoper Dresden); Luisa Miller, La Fanciulla del West, Anna Bolena, Turandot, Otello, La bohème (Opernhaus Zürich); Don Carlo (ABAO Bilbao). imgartists.com/artist/massimo_zanetti PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P11

ARTISTS Tosca CHORUS SOPRANOS Erica Austin Renée Calvo Rose Chu-Quealy Lisa Austin Frisque* Tasha Koontz Cherylyn Larson+ Anishka E. Lee-Skorepa* Patricia McAfee+ Rebecca Steinke Malesha Taylor

ALTOS Mary Boles Allen Rebecca Basilio Laura Bueno Sandra Camarena+ Tiffany Carmel* Ava Baker Liss+ Lois Myers+ Lynsey Swiderska Elena Vizuet+ Tara Waldschmidt

TENORS Ernest Alvarez Jim Boydston+ Chad Frisque* Adar Garcia-Reina Steve Hoagland Young Jin Hwang Nicholas Munson* Mario Alberto Rios Timothy Simpson Enrique Toral

BASSES Michael Aiello Anthony Ballard+ Bernardo Bermudez Michael Blinco Joseph Grienenberger# William Nolan* Vincent Martin+ Jeffrey Shipman# Michael Sokol Harold Skelly+ Christopher James Stephens+ Artists and Production Staff are members of the American Guild of Musical Artists, AFL-CIO, the labor union that represents musical artists in opera, concert, and dance in the United States.

* Has appeared in 25 or more productions with San Diego Opera Chorus + Has appeared in 50 or more productions with San Diego Opera Chorus # Has appeared in 100 or more productions with San Diego Opera Chorus

Tosca CHILDREN'S CHORUS Martin Green

Children’s Chorus Preparation

Marcello Ametrano Audrey Brewster Ellie Brewster

Caterina Elizabeth Brown Robin Brown Francesca d’Amico Elodie Frisque Maxwell Frisque

Garon Green Michael Kozma Zoe Merrick Henry Nelson Fiona Sayles

James Sheddy Sarah Sheddy John Yokoyama

Tosca SUPERNUMERARIES Martin Astl Jessica Betancourt Joe Bourqui Dick Bridy Ginny Bridy Norman Cullen

J’eannette Davis Daniel Denison Chris Getsla Sarah Gonzales Alena Herranen Stephen Hon

Michael Kaye Lane Lee Haw-minn Lu Larry McKee Tim Morioka George A. Pecoraro

Louis Perez Hubert Pilloud Neil Podvin Anthony Quirk Ignacio Ramos Manuel Reade

Sharon Russakoff Doug Shattuck Patrick J. Swies Karen Valentino Peggy Yamamoto

2015-2016 SEASON ARTISTS SOPRANOS Bridget Hogan Joyce El-Khoury Latonia Moore Patricia Racette Alexia Voulgaridou MEZZO-SOPRANOS J'nai Bridges Katarzyna Sadej Frederica von Stade COUNTERTENORS Anthony Roth Costanzo TENORS René Barbera Joseph Hu Teodor Ilincăi Gwyn Hughes Jones P12 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE

Garrett Sorenson Joel Sorensen

Joseph Mechavich Massimo Zanetti

BARITONES Bernardo Bermudez Anthony Clark Evans Nathan Gunn Michael Mayes Michael Sokol

DIRECTORS Garnett Bruce Lesley Koenig Jack O'Brien

BASSES Johnnie Bankens Ferruccio Furlanetto Greer Grimsley Kristopher Irmiter Scott Sikon CONDUCTORS Yves Abel Emanuele Andrizzi

SCENERY DESIGNERS Bob Crowley Andrew Horn Roberto Oswald COSTUME DESIGNERS Bob Crowley Anibal Lapiz Andrew Marlay Heidi Zamora

LIGHTING DESIGNERS Brian MacDevitt Gary Marder Chris Rynne CHOREOGRAPHER John de los Santos PIANISTS Sharon Bjorndal Lavery, Principal Dorothy S. Randall, Principal Cheryl Cellon Lindquist Craig Terry Janie Prim, Ballet pianist

SEASON SPONSOR

SEASON SPONSOR:

GLORIA A. RASMUSSEN

Gloria Rasmussen and her son Bob McLaughlin

GLORIA RASMUSSEN’S LOVE OF OPERA PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE My love for opera began as a very young girl, as I fondly remember listening to American tenor Mario Lanza records with my father, and the many special outings with my dad to the Metropolitan Opera. As opera was such an important part of life with my husband, we made sure to expose our son, Bob, to its beauty. My son Bob’s first opera experience was La bohème at The Met with a new young tenor, after which Bob shared, “Jeesh, Mom – that guy was pretty good. He might have a good chance at a singing career.” That tenor was Luciano Pavarotti.

I love San Diego Opera and have attended every opera here since 1983. Opera brings me so much joy, but it gives me even greater joy to see the faces of my friends and family light up when I introduce them to this amazing art form. That is why I take every opportunity to share my love and passion of opera.

I am very proud to support San Diego Opera and all that the Company brings to our community. This year, I formed the new San Diego Opera Guilders to support and promote San Diego Opera through outreach, education, fundraising and service, and we’ve already had some wonderful experiences together. I hope you will consider joining us for our upcoming outings and I hope you will consider joining me in supporting this wonderful company as we move forward toward an exciting future.

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LEADERSHIP CIRCLE We are grateful for the generous support and dedication of our donors who have provided leadership gifts to the 2015-2016 San Diego Opera Season. As members of the Leadership Circle, their support has been instrumental in presenting a musically diverse and artistically exciting program. San Diego Opera celebrates you for the important role that you play in keeping the Company strong and vibrant in our community. Thank you!

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LEADERSHIP CIRCLE & GENERAL DIRECTOR'S CIRCLE The Leadership Circle is comprised of passionate supporters contributing $25,000 or more annually who help ensure a bold future for opera in our city. Leadership Circle members provide vital support to underwrite season productions, featured and emerging artists, and exciting community engagement and education programs. The Opera’s Board and staff would like to recognize the wonderful support of contributors to the Leadership Circle.

Leadership Circle Members $1,000,000+

Carol Anne Lazier Leadership Circle Members $250,000-$500,000

Gloria Rasmussen, in honor of the San Diego Opera Guilders Darlene Marcos Shiley Leadership Circle Members $100,000-$249,999

Kathryn Crippen Hattox Dr. William & Evelyn Lamden & Randolph and Dr. Carol Lamden Corby Price Philanthropies Foundation Leadership Circle Members $50,000-$99,999

Olivia & Peter Farrell, Farrell Family Foundation Joan and Irwin Jacobs

Sopranos Investment Club Tony & Gillian Thornley

Leadership Circle Members $25,000-$49,999

Anonymous Candace Carroll & Len Simon Foster Family Foundation of the Jewish Community Foundation Harry and Teresa Hixson Karl and Greet Hostetler Ann and Andy Irwin Russell and Mary Johnson Robert H. Kaplan, Ph. D. & Marina Baroff

Ms. Sandra Joy Lawhon Jacqueline B. Mars James A. Merritt Mr. Dev Purkayastha and Ms. Wendy A. McGuire Mrs. Pauline Puterbaugh* Sarah B. Marsh-Rebelo and John G. Rebelo Stacy and Don Rosenberg Maureen and Thomas Shiftan Elizabeth and Lester Stiel

General Director’s Circle Members $15,000 to $24,999

Anonymous (2) Lee and Frank Goldberg Joan Henkelmann, in memory of Dr. Charles Henkelmann Mr. Leonard Hirsch Dr. & Mrs. Ronald G. Leonardi

Drs. Roger and Linda Mills Haydee and Carlos A. Mollura Peter and Jane Polgar Mr. and Mrs. John Shumaker Sylvia M. Smith Ms. Cynthia Walk

General Director’s Circle Members $10,000 to $14,999

Anonymous (2) Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Bottomley Margaret L. Boyce Judith V. Brucker Elisabeth Crouch Mr. and Mrs. M. Carr Ferguson Francois Ferre Ph.D. and Magda Marquet Ph.D. Mrs. Gertrude Fletcher Mr. John P. Ford Dr. Steve and Nancy Howard Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Hunte Mrs. Rebecca P. Ivans-Downer and Mr. Russell Downer Mrs. Barbara Kjos Leon Lachman, Ph.D. Julianne Larsen and James Forbes Ruth I. Ledermann

Elizabeth Wohlford MacLeod Mr. and Mrs. Steven Maloney Peter Manes and Yoko Sakaguchi Mr. and Mrs. Paul M. Montrone Mr. Jerome J. Morrow, in memory of Ethel Morrow Peter and Peggy Preuss Dr. Benjamin Ramirez and Ross Russell Mr. Daniel J. Reed III Haddon and Sue Salt Ms. Gay Sinclair, in memory of Bob Sinclair Karen L. Valentino Jack and Anne Wadlington Mrs. B.J. Williams Mr. and Mrs. Leo Zuckerman BOLD indicates a Patron Duet member *deceased PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P15

EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS SHARE OPERA WITH THE COUNTY The two-year-old community engagement program, Opera Exposed, comprising voice majors at universities throughout the San Diego area, has been performing for diverse neighborhoods, spreading the ‘good news’ of opera to new audiences. Since this past summer they’ve performed at the Malcolm X Library in Southeast San Diego, the Carlsbad Music Festival, the City Heights Performance Annex, the Central Library downtown and the El Cajon Public Library. Some of the Opera Exposed members were also featured at San Diego Opera’s annual meeting in June and at the Hillcrest Wind Ensemble’s concert in October. We are especially pleased that Opera Exposed baritone Nicholas Newton won the Metropolitan Opera San Diego District Auditions and went on to compete in the regionals in Los Angeles where he received a special encouragement award; and mezzo-soprano Kiana Bell won the encouragement award in the district auditions. These are very talented young singers who are doing a great service for our company, as well as for the art form of opera.

Watch the webpage www.sdopera.org/engage/opera-exposed for future engagements.

Baritone Nicholas Newton accompanied

by Dr. Nicolas Reveles.

Baritone Nicholas Newton and soprano Kiana Bell.

WORDS AND MUSIC AND MORE...

Students from Hoover High School explored the San Diego Opera Scenic Studio with carpenters and scenic artists to learn about opera production. Over 200 Hoover students are participating in San Diego Opera’s year-long Words and Music artist-residency program, implemented at Hoover in partnership with Teatro Izcalli and SDUSD Learning Through the Arts.

Student-composed operas produced during this program will premier in City Heights near the end of the school year.

Memorial Preparatory and Harborside Elementary are also benefiting from year-long Words and Music artist-residencies.

Hoover students experience the power of telling your own story during a spoken-word performance

by Gill Sotu at the San Diego Opera Scenic Studio.

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Chorus member Anishka Lee-Skorepa and piano accompanist Mario Ramirez performed opera arias at the Dia de los Muertos celebration at the Jacobs Center for Neighborhood Innovation. Wigs and makeup were created by San Diego Opera’s own Alberto “Albee” Alvarado.

MADAMA BUTTERFLY APRIL 16, 19, 22, 24 San Diego Civic Theatre

Tickets start at $45

SDOPERA.ORG 619-533-7000 Photo: Kingmond Young

2015-2016 Season Sponsor: Gloria A. Rasmussen

CORPORATE PRODUCING PARTNER

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CORPORATE PRODUCING PARTNER

PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P19

CORPORATE PRODUCING PARTNER

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CORPORATE COUNCIL San Diego Opera is proud to recognize our corporate partners through our Corporate Council. Corporate sponsorship of San Diego Opera is a great way to make a lasting impression, while supporting the San Diego community and quality of education.

For more information, please contact the Development Department at (619) 232-7636. $100,000 +

$25,000 to $49,999

$7,500 to $24,999

A lifestyle blog

Evans Foundation

The

BdaKiNE.com

for Molecular Medicine

$2,500 to $4,999

CBR International Corporation

Select Mailing

Zed Consulting

IN-KIND $50,000+

IN-KIND $25,000-$49,000

ADDITIONAL IN-KIND DONORS

Amir’s Catering

Goldfield Stage Company

Neiman Marcus

Epic Catering

Hyatt Regency, La Jolla at Aventine

Fiesta De Reyes

La Jolla Cosmetic Laser Clinic

The University Club Atop Symphony Towers

MEDIA PARTNERS

PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P21

ABOUT THE OPERA

DR. NIC'S NOTES

By Dr. Nicolas Reveles S an D iego O pera ’ s D irector

of

E ducation

and

C ommunity E ngage ment

I first discovered Tosca through the Maria Callas recording…but not the stellar 1953 effort with Giuseppe di Stefano and Tito Gobbi under Victor de Sabata. Instead it was the 1965 recording with Carlo Bergonzi and Gobbi (again) under the direction of Georges Pretre. The former is considered one of the finest recordings in the catalogue; the latter is often dismissed because by this point Callas was not at her best. ‘Squally’ and ‘wobbly’ are words typically used to describe her performance in this recording. I didn’t care. Nor do I care much now. Her utter commitment to the role, to the character and to the text (a Callas trademark) made this a revelatory moment in my discovery of opera.

But let’s face it: for a kid still in his teenage years, Tosca was the perfect introduction to opera. The passions elicited in (indeed demanded of) the singers by Puccini make it tremendously exciting, even just to listen to. There are great tunes that tug at the ear, making us marvel at the composer’s inventive ability. The orchestration is heavy and colorful. And there’s a torture scene, something really exciting to someone reared on the Universal horror films of the ‘30s and ‘40s. (I remember dragging friends into my room and finding the exact spot on the black vinyl disc where I’d find the orchestra describing in vivid terms the tightening of the bloody metal band around Cavaradossi’s forehead as he screams in pain from just offstage…“Listen to this! It’s so cool!”)

Let’s face it: Tosca’s rewards to the audience are very much on the surface but that’s not at all a bad thing. You don’t approach this opera expecting subtlety. You’re looking for a visceral thrill.

You’re looking to experience characters pushed to their emotional limits and then giving voice to those feelings through the music. In this sense, Tosca is more of an operatic ‘thriller’. How different it is from the original play by Victorien Sardou as a property for the great actress, Sarah Bernhardt.

La Tosca is a very ‘chatty’ play with pages upon pages of exposition, explaining in great detail the political situation in Rome, 1800. It never gets off the ground. Puccini drove his librettists (some say to the breaking point) to streamline, to dump pages of rhetoric and dialogue in order to get to the real action of the drama, provided by Tosca and Cavaradossi’s passion for each other, Baron Scarpia’s lust, and Tosca’s mercurial personality. In the opera, Sardou’s entire historical set-up is dealt through no more than a handful of sentences.

Because at one time or another all three principal characters find themselves in extremis, this opera moves inexorably from one exciting moment to another, driving insistently to the tragic finale, an ending worthy of Alfred Hitchcock. I never tire of Tosca. I can always get excited about it and I’m endlessly fascinated with how the next trio of principals is going to deal with this dark tale both vocally and dramatically. I hope you will too.

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ORCHESTRA Musicians for this production are members of the San Diego Symphony Orchestra

SAN DIEGO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA Jahja Ling, Music Director VIOLIN Jeff Thayer Concertmaster DEBORAH PATE AND JOHN FORREST CHAIR Wesley Precourt Associate Concertmaster Jisun Yang Assistant Concertmaster Alexander Palamidis Principal II TBA Associate Principal II Nick Grant Principal Associate Concertmaster Emeritus Randall Brinton Yumi Cho Hernan Constantino Alicia Engley Pat Francis Kathryn Hatmaker Angela Homnick Ai Nihira* Igor Pandurski Julia Pautz Susan Robboy Shigeko Sasaki Yeh Shen Anna Skálová Edmund Stein John Stubbs Pei-Chun Tsai Jing Yan Joan Zelickman

VIOLA Chi-Yuan Chen Principal KAREN AND WARREN KESSLER CHAIR Nancy Lochner Associate Principal Rebekah Campbell Wanda Law Qing Liang Caterina Longhi Thomas Morgan Ethan Pernela Dorothy Zeavin CELLO Yao Zhao Principal Chia-Ling Chien Associate Principal Marcia Bookstein Glen Campbell Andrew Hayhurst Richard Levine Ronald Robboy Mary Oda Szanto Xian Zhuo BASS Jeremy Kurtz-Harris^ Principal SOPHIE AND ARTHUR BRODY FOUNDATION CHAIR Susan Wulff Acting Principal Samuel Hager Acting Associate Principal W. Gregory Berton^ P.J. Cinque

Margaret Johnston+ Daniel Smith* Michael Wais Sayuri Yamamoto* FLUTE Rose Lombardo Principal Sarah Tuck Erica Peel PICCOLO Erica Peel OBOE Sarah Skuster Principal Harrison Linsey Andrea Overturf ENGLISH HORN Andrea Overturf DR. WILLIAM AND EVELYN LAMDEN ENGLISH HORN CHAIR CLARINET Sheryl Renk Principal Theresa Tunnicliff Frank Renk BASS CLARINET Frank Renk BASSOON Valentin Martchev Principal Ryan Simmons Leyla Zamora

CONTRABASSOON Leyla Zamora HORN Benjamin Jaber Principal Darby Hinshaw Assistant Principal & Utility Danielle Kuhlmann Tricia Skye Douglas Hall TRUMPET Micah Wilkinson Principal John MacFerran Wilds Ray Nowak TROMBONE Kyle R. Covington Principal Logan Chopyk Richard Gordon+ Michael Priddy BASS TROMBONE Michael Priddy TUBA Matthew Garbutt Principal HARP Julie Smith Phillips Principal

PERCUSSION Gregory Cohen Principal Erin Douglas Dowrey Andrew Watkins PIANO/CELESTE Mary Barranger ORCHESTRA PERSONNEL MANAGER Magdalena O'Neill ASSISTANT ORCHESTRA PERSONNEL MANAGER TBA PRINCIPAL LIBRARIAN Courtney Secoy Cohen LIBRARIAN Rachel Fields ^ On Leave * Long Term Substitute Musician + Staff Opera Musician The musicians employed by the San Diego Symphony are members of the Musicians’ Association of San Diego County, Local 325, American Federation of Musicians, AFL-CIO.

TIMPANI Ryan J. DiLisi Principal Andrew Watkins Assistant Principal

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GOVERNMENT & FOUNDATION SUPPORT

THANK YOU! San Diego Opera Extends Its Heartfelt Appreciation to These Sponsors:

2015-16 GOVERNMENT SPONSORS City of San Diego Commission for Arts & Culture The County of San Diego The California Arts Council The National Endowment for the Arts

2015-16 FOUNDATION SPONSORS Price Philanthropies Foundation The Parker Foundation Mandell Weiss Foundation Georges & Germaine Fusenot Charity Foundation Samuel I. and John Henry Fox Foundation Arthur P. & Jeanette G. Pratt Memorial Fund The Hervey Family Fund Ronus Foundation

Ryde Family Memorial Foundation San Diego Foundation Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation David C. Copley Foundation Ellen Browning Scripps Foundation Kinder Morgan Walter J. and Betty G. Zable Foundation ResMed Foundation

VIBRANT CITY OF SAN DIEGO! We applaud the San Diego City Council for approving the City of San Diego Commission for Arts and Culture’s funding recommendation for San Diego Opera for the FY2016 Organizational Support Program. Their support advances San Diego Opera's artistic contribution to our region's cultural assets and integrates opera in the education and life of our community and for the visitors to our fine city.

Because of the extraordinary leadership and vision of our City Council and Commission, over 100,000 San Diegans and visitors will enjoy our mainstage operas and take part in our various education programs and community engagement programs. Thank you for your generosity in inspiring a vibrant city with vibrant culture!

Kevin Faulconer Mayor, San Diego

Mark Kersey Councilmember Fifth District

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Sherri Lightner

Lorie Zapf

Todd Gloria

Council President First District

Councilmember Second District

Councilmember Third District

Chris Cate

Scott Sherman

David Alvarez

Councilmember Sixth District

Councilmember Seventh District

Councilmember Eighth District

Myrtle Cole

Councilmember Fourth District

Marti Emerald

Council President Pro Tem Ninth District

THE COMPANY

SAN DIEGO OPERA STAFF DAVID BENNETT General Director KEITH A. FISHER Chief Operating Officer ADMINISTRATION Cindy Bartelli

Director of Administration

Connie E. Taluban

Front Office Manager

Eric French

Systems Administrator

Michelle Wohlers

Tessitura and Data Services Manager

DEVELOPMENT Chris LaZich

Senior Director of Development

Sonette Lias

Director, Individual Gifts

Jan Kaplan

Director, Special Events

Anita Norton

Director, Corporate Development

Christina Todosow

Director, Individual Gifts

Ashley Toolan

Development Associate

Radames Gil

Marian Porter

Douglas Resenbeck

Angel Mannion

Bob Borntrager

Greg Adams

Greg Watkins

Jessica Betancourt

Tim Wallace

Edward K. Wilensky

Jonathan Moore

Director, Media Relations

Production Intern

Darin Hibi Jessica Baxter

Marketing and Volunteer Associate

Social Media Coordinator

Director of Operations

PATRON SERVICES Cliff Thrasher

Director of Patron Services

Erin Oleno

Group Sales Associate

Matt Kissel

Patron Services Associate

Rose Russell Patron Services Associate

PRODUCTION & ARTISTIC Ronald G. Allen

Director of Production

Joan T. Foster

Associate Director of Production

EDUCATION & COUMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

ARTISTIC

Nicolas M. Reveles

Mary Yankee Peters

Director of Education and Community Engagement

John Gabriel

Priti Gandhi

Artistic Administrator

Production Stage Manager

Charles Prestinari

Director of Education, School Programs

Chorus Master and Music Administrator

FINANCE

Kerry Masek

Michael E. Lowry

Chief Financial Officer

Luz G. Toscano

Accounting Manager

Bart Oliphant Controller

MARKETING Risë Walter

Chief Marketing Officer

Lee A. Wilczek

Associate Director of Marketing

Stage Manager

Kyle Lang

Assistant Director

Nikki Hyde

Assistant Stage Manager

Sandra Zamora

Assistant Stage Manager

Jason Bieber

Associate Operatext Coordinator

Supernumeraries Captain

Supernumeraries Captain

COSTUME Missy West

Costume Department Supervisor

Construction Carpenter

Charge Scenic Artist

Scenic Artists

TECHNICAL John David Peters

Production/Construction Carpenter

Lisa Greshko

Costume Assistant

Sharon Granieri Margaret Hagar Dana Linskill Ginny McClure Nunzia Pecoraro Susan Sachs Judy Watson

Costume Shop Crew

Michael Regna

Wardrobe Master

Suzanne Notarangelo-Arnson Assistant to Wardrobe Master

Debbie Allen Mary Jill Anderson Anne Armatis Ashley Bruce Donna Couchman Timo Elliot William Gonzalez Peggy Harrison Marian Hollingsworth Armen Khachiyan K-Joy Lehman Robin Lemon Dennis Manuel Pam Medhurst Anna Noll Sue Noll Bob Rathmell Michael Rosensteel Margo Selensky Mary Vaughan Wardrobe

Assistant Lighting Designer

SCENIC STUDIO

Charles Arthur

Caren Heintzelman

Operatext Coordinator

Master Carpenter

David Easterling Master Carpenter

Mike Moglia

Assistant Carpenter

Mike Galvin

Master Flyman

Kevin Liddell

Master Electrician

Evan Page

Assistant Electrician

Suzanne McDonnell Property Master

Andrew Recker

Assistant Property Master

Bill Scott

Audio/Visual Technician

WIG/MAKEUP Steven W. Bryant

Wig and Makeup Designer

Alberto Alvarado

Wigs/Makeup Head of Department

Kathleen Kenna Ali Reyes Chris Sheposh Pam Stompoly

Principal Wigs/Make-up

Peter Herman Gabe Nunez Katie Knox Keriann Reyes Wigs/Make-up

Office Manager

PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P25

GUILDERS

SAN DIEGO OPERA GUILDERS Since last season, the San Diego Opera Guilders have become a group over 70 strong and are growing! They love opera, good company and enjoying all of the wonderful operatic talent that Southern California has to offer. This past season, the Guilders enjoyed a holiday luncheon and musical program with the Opera’s new General Director, David Bennett, as well as a bus trip to LA Opera where they experienced the Woody Allen production of Gianni Schicchi and Zeffirelli’s production of Pagliacci followed by dinner.

Similar and new events, including another trip to LA Opera, are already planned for this season!

If you enjoy opera, meeting new people, and experiencing this art form in exciting ways, then the San Diego Opera Ron and Ruth Leonardi and David Bennett at the Guilders are for you! Membership is open to everyone, and SDO Guilders Holiday Luncheon we strive to keep our fees low – we would love for you to join us!

The mission of the San Diego Opera Guilders is to support and promote San Diego Opera through outreach, education, fundraising and service. Your support of the Guilders will go directly to San Diego Opera Guilders (our official non-profit corporation and “umbrella” organization) to directly benefit the Community Engagement and Education Programs of San Diego Opera.

Gloria Rasmussen (SDO Guilders Co-chair), Joyce Biebers and Marilyn Neumann at the SDO Guilders Holiday Luncheon

The SDO Guilders Holiday Luncheon at Fairbanks Ranch Country Club

P26 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE

If you are interested in finding out more about the Guilders, information on joining, as well as upcoming events and details, can be found on www.sdopera.org/support/guilders. For more information, call Jan Kaplan at (619)-232-7636 or email Jan.Kaplan@sdopera.org.

SDO Guilders after a delicious meal in front of Kendall’s Brasserie at the end of LA Opera bus trip

Bobbie Ball Bradley (SDO Guilders Co-chair) and Ann Zahner on the bus ride up to LA Opera

STUDENT TICKET INITIATIVE

San Diego Opera’s Student Ticket Initiative is an effective and engaging program for undergraduate and graduate students throughout San Diego County.

We have found that college and university students are tremendously eager to attend live Opera performances. Unfortunately, the cost of attending a performance is rarely in their struggling student budgets. SD Opera’s Student Ticket Initiative allows these students to attend Opera performances for the subsidized student price of just $25 per ticket. This is an exciting way to introduce many students to opera and is one way we can build future audiences and positively affect our community’s future leaders.

Since the Student Ticket Initiative began in 2002, over 10,000 students have attended performances at San Diego Opera. Yet, each year hundreds of students are turned away due to lack of funding.

We hope to meet this ever-growing demand by raising $150,000 for the 2016 Season.

We hope you will join us and encourage you to consider making a contribution to help us reach students at universities and colleges throughout San Diego.

This generation of up-and-coming community leaders is forever grateful for your support.

PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P27

ESTHER J. BURNHAM OPERA STARS Esther J. Burnham was a champion for San Diego Opera and for the future artistic vitality and stability of this Company. Thanks to her efforts encouraging others to follow her example by making a planned gift, we have the Esther J. Burnham Opera Stars. We are tremendously grateful to these forward-thinking friends who have the future of this Company in their hearts and have remembered San Diego Opera in their estate plans. If you would like more information, or if you have already provided for San Diego Opera in your estate plan and would like to be recognized as an Esther J. Burnham Opera Star, please call Chris LaZich or Christina Todosow at (619) 232-7636.

Mildred Abbott* Irene Albrecht* Robert & Meredith Alcock Irene Ruth Allis Estate of Otto J. Alvarez Dr.* & Mrs.* Lazlo Ambrus Estate of Virginia Anderson Alfred* & Sara Antonicelli Lois L. Bailey Trust Mr. & Mrs. Doug Bekkedahl Maurice & Olga Bernard Mr. & Mrs. Robert Bottomley Joan E. Bowes in memory of Evelyn Raff Roth Margaret L. Boyce Estate of Edna E. Brennan Alma Brosio* Mr.* & Mrs. Marlin Brossart Sarah Blakely Brown Esther J. Burnham* Robert O. Burton in Memory of Dorene M. Burton Robert & Linda Cain Mrs. Ruth Heinz Carpenter In memory of Kent Chapin Mr. & Mrs.* Nathaniel L. Cohen Richard & Stephanie Coutts Roselle Coviello* Estate of Louise Deane Mary Yee DeBrunner Estate of George Demetre Dr.* & Mrs. Thomas H. Denman Estate of Catherine Dorgan Shirley Ehrlich* Peggy* & Gladden* Elliott Sandra Erbetta Estate of Richard Stern Ian Martin Farquhar* Estate of Bernice Fenn Daryl E. Ferguson* Estate of H.P. Field Dr. Merle and Teresa Fischlowitz Polly Wann Flanagan* Mr.* & Mrs. David C. Fletcher Milan Floribus Trust Mr. & Mrs.* John Patrick Ford Kay O'Cullane & Steven B. Frank Dr. William and Judith Friedel Litzie H. Friedman Sally & Einar Gall David Garrity Audrey Geisel Dr. Michael & Barbara Gerber Clifford Geweke Lee & Frank Goldberg P28 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE

Connie Golden in memory of Robert M. Golden Bruce* & Barbara Goldreyer Dr. & Mrs.* Melvin G. Goldzband Estate of Dr. & Mrs. Fred E. Goodell Estate of Reba Graney Mrs. Waldo K. Greiner* Dr. Howard F. Guidry in memory of Dr. William F. Piles Estate of Margaret Hager M. Antoinette Harris Kathryn Hattox Dr. & Mrs. Jerome Heard Eugene V. Helsel, MD Dr.* & Mrs. P. Kahler Hench Mr.* & Mrs. Joseph W. Hibben In memory of Edward Hinkle Teresa & Harry Hixson Dr. and Mrs. Thomas G. Hoffman Shirley & Gene* Hoggatt Mr.* & Mrs.* Robert W. Holley Dr.* & Mrs.* Samuel Hon Drs. Steve & Nancy Howard Dorothy F. Hunt* Frances Hunter* Beverly J. Hymes George & Marlene Imbsen Bill* and Becky Ivans Mr. & Mrs. Norman W. Jaffe Judge & Mrs. Charles E. Jones Charmaine* & Maurice* Kaplan Mark Karwoski Trust Ilse Katz* Philip* M. & Detty June* Klauber Marilyn & Bill Kneeland Miriam & Peter* Krippl Dr. Seth Krosner Mr. & Mrs. Jack Landale Carol Lazier Belina* L. & Paul* L. Lazzar Ruth I. Ledermann Mrs. George Lord* Marion G. Luke Trust Michael O. Lynch & Cheri B. Briccio C. Stanley Mahan Sara & Dennis Manyak Mr. & Mrs.* William H. Marten The Sam Matsumoto & Gordon Geever Trust Muriel Gluck* Dr. Marjorie Ann McBride Kenneth C. McMillen Edward McNally*

Merikay & Ron McQuoid Elinor & Charles Merideth Elizabeth B. Meyer Estate of Virginia S. & Morris B. Meyers Diane M. Miller Mr.* & Mrs.* Ralph Thomas Moan Judith A. Moore Mr.* & Mrs.* John H. Morava Sam and Mona Morebello Barbara & Maury Mortensen William H. Murphy* & Robert H. Heath* Joyce & Martin Nash Rik Nelson & Joe Gorst Jerome Niederman Trust Maria Gladys Nockin Mary Elizabeth North & Mary Gaylord North Family Trust Barbara Taylor Ockenfels Estate of Helena O'Neill Elizabeth A. Otten Gayle Tejada Pate Mr. Bernard Paul Dr. & Mrs. Douglas K. Pay Gwendolyn Peacher* John & Ernie Peak Mr. & Mrs.* John M. Pendleton Margaret Penninger* Barbara Pennington* Mr.* & Mrs.* Robert A. Plachta William Purves Mrs. Paul A. Quaintance Anne Ratner* Sarah B. Marsh-Rebelo & John G. Rebelo Daniel & Feliza Reed William Reily* Roma Philbrook Rentz* Nancy Riley William Ralls* & Duane Roberts* Mary B. Rose Mr. & Mrs.* Robert J. Rose M. Elaine Ross Ryde Family Charitable Trust Estate of Dr. Robert B. Sampliner Jukka Saukkonen and Velva Wood Lillian C. Schaefer Schleder/Heineman Trust Joan Schooley Charitable Unitrust Mr. & Mrs. Christof E. Schwab Freda (Chub) Shapiro* Estate of Stella & Fred Sharp

Mr. Mrs. John Shumaker Donald Evans Smith* Sherman & Lady Smith Estate of Barbara G. Spaulding, Ph.D. Carol Jean Spicer Marian* & Ralph* Staver Bill Stensrud Marlene Roedde Swall C. Everly* & Madeline* E. Terry Estate of Martha Vanderburg Dr.* & Mrs. George H. Walker Estate of Robert & Demaris Wallace Estate of Ginger Wallace Estate of Eleanor Ward In Memory of William L. Waterous & Nanette L. Waterous Arlene & Peter Way John & Cathy Weil Kathy Wellbrock Jean Winslow Estate of Marga F. Winston Estate of Harold Wolff Estate of Paul Wolff Robert C. Womack* Raymond & Erika Wright Wanda B. Wrotnowski* Anonymous (12) * Deceased Donors listed have made one or more of the following gifts: Bequest, Cash Gift to Endowment, Charitable Gift Annuity, Charitable Remainder Trust, Gift of Life Insurance, Life Insurance Trust, Pooled Income Fund, Gift of Retirement Fund Assets

DONOR RECOGNITION With deepest gratitude, San Diego Opera gratefully acknowledges the following donors for their exemplary support of the 2015-2016 Season. Thanks to you, opera flourishes in San Diego. Listing as of January 18, 2016. $1,000,000+

Carol Anne Lazier $500,000 to $999,999

Gloria Rasmussen, in honor of the San Diego Opera Guilders $250,000 to $499,999

Darlene Marcos Shiley

City of San Diego Commission for Arts & Culture $100,000 to $249,999

Kathryn Crippen Hattox Dr. William & Evelyn Lamden and Randolph & Dr. Carol Lamden Corby Price Philanthropies Foundation $50,000 to $99,999 Tony & Gillian Thornley Olivia & Peter Farrell, Farrell Family Foundation Sopranos Investment Club

The Parker Foundation David C. Copley Foundation

$25,000 to $49,999 Anonymous Candace Carroll & Len Simon Foster Family Foundation of the Jewish Community Foundation Harry and Teresa Hixson Karl and Greet Hostetler Ann and Andy Irwin Russell and Mary Johnson

Robert H. Kaplan, Ph. D. & Marina Baroff Ms. Sandra Joy Lawhon Jacqueline B. Mars James A. Merritt Mr. Dev Purkayastha and Ms. Wendy A. McGuire Mrs. Pauline Puterbaugh*

Sarah B. Marsh-Rebelo and John G. Rebelo Stacy and Don Rosenberg Maureen and Thomas Shiftan Elizabeth and Lester Stiel The National Endowment for the Arts Mandell Weiss Foundation The Hervey Family Fund

$15,000 to $24,999 Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation Anonymous (2) The County of San Diego Lee and Frank Goldberg Joan Henkelmann, in memory of Dr. Charles Henkelmann Mr. Leonard Hirsch Dr. & Mrs. Ronald G. Leonardi

Drs. Roger and Linda Mills Haydee and Carlos A. Mollura Peter and Jane Polgar Mr. and Mrs. John Shumaker Sylvia M. Smith Ms. Cynthia Walk Walter J. and Betty G. Zable Foundation

$10,000 to $14,999 Anonymous (2) Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Bottomley Margaret L. Boyce Judith V. Brucker The California Arts Council Elisabeth Crouch Ellen Browning Scripps Foundation Mr. and Mrs. M. Carr Ferguson Francois Ferre Ph.D. and Magda Marquet Ph.D. Mrs. Gertrude Fletcher Mr. John P. Ford Georges & Germaine Fusenot Charity Foundation Dr. Steve and Nancy Howard

Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Hunte Mrs. Rebecca P. Ivans-Downer and Mr. Russell Downer Mrs. Barbara Kjos Leon Lachman, Ph.D. Julianne Larsen and James Forbes Ruth I. Ledermann Elizabeth Wohlford MacLeod Mr. and Mrs. Steven Maloney Peter Manes and Yoko Sakaguchi Mr. and Mrs. Paul M. Montrone Mr. Jerome J. Morrow, in memory of Ethel Morrow Peter and Peggy Preuss

Qualcomm Foundation Dr. Benjamin Ramirez and Ross Russell Mr. Daniel J. Reed III ResMed Foundation Haddon and Sue Salt Ms. Gay Sinclair, in memory of Bob Sinclair Karen L. Valentino Jack and Anne Wadlington Mrs. B.J. Williams Mr. and Mrs. Leo Zuckerman BOLD indicates a Patron Duet member *deceased

PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P29

DONOR RECOGNITION Bronze Patrons, $7,500 to $9,999 Anonymous

Betty Anne Arenz & Money/Arenz Foundation

Lou Alpinieri, in loving memory of Brenda Alpinieri

Alberta Feurzeig Dr. & Mrs. Richard Wagner

Principal Patrons, $5,000 to $7,499 Anonymous (2) Maurice and Gisela Alfaro Robin L. Allgren, MD Mr. and Mrs. Craig S. Andrews Mrs. Bobbie Ball-Bradley Ann S. Block Ms. Mary-Kay Butler R. Nelson Byrne Jim Carter Mrs. Becky Chamberlain Ms. Susan H. Childs Joann Clark

John Cochran and Sue Lasbury Nathaniel L. Cohen Christoper and Jane Crane Edward & Martha Dennis Wally and Linda Dieckmann In memory of Joseph and Vivian Doering Teresa and Dr. Merle Fischlowitz Dr. & Mrs. Michael L. Gerber Mrs. Jeannie Harris Mr. and Mrs. Jim Hughes Larry and Becky Hunt

James Idell and Deborah Streett-Idell Dr. Burton* & Susan Jay Matthew and Angela Kilman Jay and Lael Kovtun Gale Jensen Krause Linda Levy and Edward McGrath Jeannette & Warren Martin Anne McCammon John and Diane Parks Mr. Mike Rabin Robert G. Radovich

James Robbins Dr. Ross and Nancy T. Rudolph William D. Smith and Carol A. Harter Jack and Pat Thomas John M. Tiso Catherine Van Dyke Robert Wallace Mary Lindenstein Walshok, Ph.D. Armi and Al Williams Dr. Peter E. Wright and Dr. Jane Dyson Dr. Sara Zaknoen MD

Sustaining Patrons, $3,000 to $4,999 Anonymous (2) Dr. and Mrs. Wayne Akeson Mr. and Mrs. David A. Baer Ms. Joy H. Bellville Mr. E. Kenneth Bennett and Mr. Richard P. Wagner Mrs. Marlin W. Brossart Dr. Paul L. Black and Ms. Evelyn Truitt Sarah Blakely Brown R. Patrick and Sharon Connell Richard & Stephanie Coutts

Jim and Sharon Dennison Mr. John C. Dunbar Ms. Berit Durler Sally and Einar Gall Lee & Linda Gillard Mrs. Shirley F. Hoggatt Mrs. Phyllis Ingram Dr. Adrian Jaffer and Ann Laddon Dr. David S. Johnson Louise D. Kasch Donor Advised Fund at Rancho Santa Fe Foundation

Mr. Lynn Kirkhofer Mrs. Aline Koppel Paula Landale Grace E. Larsen Mr. and Mrs. Russell Loftman Edward & Nancy Lyon Mr. Luis Maizel Mrs. Elaine B. Marteeny Toni Jean Monise William H. Murphy* James and Melanie Nickel Mr. and Mrs. Philip Palisoul

Sigrid Pate Mr. Bernard Paul Audrey S. Ratner Samuel I. and John Henry Fox Foundation Susan and Dr. Gary Spoto Robert and Tamara Thibodeau Dr. Fred and Erika Torri Mr. and Mrs. Robert Will Ann L. Zahner

Patrons, $1,500 to $2,999 Anonymous (2) Arthur P. & Jeanette G. Pratt Memorial Fund Richard R. Abello Kevin Ahern Jim Algert Mr. Patrick Anderson and Lester Olson Emily J. Awkerman Jane and Michael Benton Dr. Fred and Mrs. Donna Berger Ms. Linda S. Bernstein Bob and Denise Borntrager Mr. Robert Bouchard Dr. and Mrs. Dick Bridy Steven Bryant and Darren K. Woods Robert and Linda Cain Bill Carrick Richard & Nancy Carroll Mr. Shugar Chan Gordon and Judy Churchill Irene Counts Billie Jean Culwell

Ms. Karen DeLaurier Dr. Leroy M. Dorman Mr. and Mrs. Edward W. Drcar Drs. Brent & Sarita Eastman Stephen and Roberta Edelstein Dr. Barbara Favorito and Ms. Judith Hairston Mrs. Socorro Fimbres Mrs. Donald Fleischli Peter C. Gernold & Brian J. McGoldrick Mr. and Mrs. John Gilchrist Jr. Mr. and Mrs. George L. Gildred Joyce A. Glazer Mr. and Mrs. James E. Halbert Mr. and Ms. Bo Hedfors Drs. Craig & Joan Heller Brown Hon. Herbert B. Hoffman (Ret.) Jean C. Hughes Ms. Joanne C. Hutchinson and Mr. David Cooper Valentin Isacescu MD Mr. Gary Jacobson Dr. James M. Jaranson

Mr. Charles Kakos Ms. Beverly A. Kelly Mr. & Mrs. John Kesser Ms. Nancy E. Kossan and Debbie Macdonald Dr. and Mrs. Juan Lasheras Ph.D. Dennis and Kathleen Lees Mr. and Mrs. Larry Liebermensch Godiva Liu and Thomas Jroski Mr. Neil Malmquist and Scott Crispell P.A. Maxwell Ted & Carol McLaughlin Jim & Patty McNeill Mr. Mark Mead Craig and Debbie Netwig Mrs. Julie Nydam Elizabeth A. Otten Dr. R. Papendick Mr. and Mrs. Michael Pearlman John Pendleton Mr. Keith I. Polakoff Lois J. Richmond Ms. Mary B. Rose and

Len Pellettiri Ronus Foundation Gina and Reed Royalty Ryde Family Memorial Foundation Mrs. and Mr. Margaret R. Schmale Mim Sellgren Debra J. Shannon William Snyder Carol Jean Spicer Christopher and Debby Stephens David Strickland and Andrew Zakarian Dr. Mary Strobbe Margaret C. Tessier The Timmstrom Family Fund Linda P. Spuck Capt. and Mrs. A. Wacaser, USN (ret) Capt. and Ms. Donald E. Watkins Mrs. Dorothy Wetzler Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Witztum Helene and Allan Ziman Mr. and Mrs. Paul Zimmer

Partner, $1,000 to $1,499 Anonymous (1) Mrs. Anna M. Abbott Irene Abraham & Gabriel Vogeli Ms. Elizabeth Andersen Mr. Alexander S. Ardwin and Ms. Sherry Santa Cruz Robert Balboa and Beverly Green Ms. Carolyn Balkwell P30 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE

Mr. Anthony Ballard Susie Barbey-Booth Mr. & Mrs. Michael Bardin Mr. and Mrs. Amnon Ben-Yehuda Joan and Jeremy Berg Carolyn Bertussi Mr. David Bevilaqua and Craig P. Caldwell

Madge M. Blakey Rocky & Alicia Booth Anne & Charles Bubb Michael and Jane Burke Mrs. Joyce A. Butler Constance M. Carroll, Ph.D. Jui-Yuan Chang Ms. Heather Chisholm-Chait

Dr. and Mrs. Richard Claytor Ms. L. Renee Comeau Sally Cuff Mr. and Mrs. Edward Davis Arvonne & John Degenfelder John and Barbara Edgington Becki and Ed Etess Ms. Elsa Feher

Ms. Inge Feinswog Elissa and Richard Finerman Mr. & Mrs. Willis H. Fletcher Ms. Jean Fort Bold indicates a Patron Duet * deceased

DONOR RECOGNITION Mr. Chad Frisque and Ms. Lisa Austin-Frisque Dr. Richard Ghalie Mr. Eric Gnand and Mr. Royce Darby Michael & Brenda Goldbaum Edward S. Hand & Stanley C. Harazim Mr. John Hermann Suzanne Hess Don and Celeste Hillman Ms. Sharon Lee Hudson Dr. Michael Jaffe Mrs. Nancy Janus

Jewel and Leon Kelley Kinder Morgan Foundation Thomas & Nancy Knipstein Edward J. Koczak Sachiko Kohatsu and Tom Held Rosalie Kostanzer and Michael Keefe Dan & Kathryn Kremer Perry and Diane Langford Mr. Willis J. Larkin Ms. Deirdre Lee Dr. Anthony W. Leonard and Dr. Jin-Soo Kim

K. Andrew Achterkirchen John Randolf Backman Dr. Lev Berger Bernardo J. Bermudez Gaylyn N. Boone and James R. Dorcy Katie M. Boyer Donna Bullock Ms. Stephanie M. Campbell and Mr. Richard R. Gillock Steve and Cathy Constable Mr. David Erikson

Ms. Rosemary Geelan Beth Goodman Douglas Alan Hall Maggi Hall Cherie Tirschwell Halladay Mr. and Mrs. Bonifacio G. Hernandez Jr Mrs. Catherine Herring Marsha Hildebrand Drs. Dee-Hua Huang and Swu-Jane Lin Dr. & Mrs. Clyde W. Jones Mr. Gary Jones

Anonymous (5) Dean and Nancy Abelon Mrs. Kathleen Ables Mr. and Ms. Carlos Aguilar Dr. Dianne Aker Ms. Sibille Alexander Ofelia and John Alksne June and Daniel Allen Mr. Ronald G. Allen and Mr. Lindsay R. Fong Mr. Steve Barbone and Mr. Stephen Russell Ms. Eileen Barron Richard Barry Dr. Leland Beck and Marla J. English Mr. & Mrs. Doug Bekkedahl Miriam V. Bennett Dr. and Ms. Jackson Benson Ph.D. Lois Berning Ms. Karen Bidgood Harald G. Biedermann Verna Bliss-Wismer and James Wismer Mr. Giancarlo Borgonovi Mr. Corey J. Braun Edwin Breitenbach, M.D. Sally and Andrew Buffington Ms. Barbara Campbell Ms. Barbara Carlton Ms. Louise Carmon Monique Caron and Luis Jarquin James and Lynn Caughey Kathy J. Chambery and Marilyn Haring Drs. Lynne Champagne and Wilfred S. Kearse Kay Chandler Ms. Leslie Chase Keith Chen Lucile Cheng Ms. Shirley M. Chervin David Chierichetti Andrew Chisholm Mr. and Mrs. Karl Cikste Dr. James W. Cobble Ms. Karen Coffey Christine Marie Cole Mr. Ronald Cole and Mr. Brian Marsh Tracy Cooke Prof. and Mrs. Angelo J. Corpora Raymond Coughlan Dr. Sheryl Cramer MD

Dr. Robert Croke Patricia A. Crowley Diane and Norman Cullen James L. Cunning Dr. Peter V. Czipott Dr. Frank D'Accone Donald and Alice Davis Mr. Steven Davis Dr. Linda Dawson Ms. Peggy Deegan Mr. Michael Dessert Richard G. Dooley Douglas P. Doucette Ms. Penelope Drawbridge Sister RayMonda Duvall Nina B. Eaton Mrs. Ofelia Elf Ms. Alicia I. Elliott Mrs. Roswitha Enright Mrs. Phyllis Epstein Dr. and Mrs. Alfred F. Esser Gerald Faris Drs. Susan & George Fee Steven Fischer Carol A. Flanagan Jorgina Franzheim Friends of the Escondido Library Paul and Gayle Ganster Dr. Charles Geiberger Mr. Richard P. Geiler Colette O. Gerard-Kitnovski Robert & Denise Gerdes John & Christel Gerstenberg Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Goepfert Fran Golden Dr. Deborah Goldsmith Anita Goldstein Inga and Hector Gonzalez James R. Goodwin Mr. and Mrs. Frank L. Greco Mr. Jean-F Grollemund Maxine L. and James M. Hall Mrs. William F. Halsey Ms. Judith Hamilton Mr. Philip E. Hansen Jack and Monika Hardy Mary Hazzard James P. Healy Dr. and Mrs. Jerome L. Heard Mr. Friedreich* & Dr. Brigitte Heimers

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Levinson Mr. and Mrs. Carl B. Lind Beverly and Harold Martyn Mr. William Mason Mr. Anthony Melia Robert Merryman Dr. Sandra Miner Dr. & Mrs. Charles Mittman Chuck and Ann Nickel Dr. Sandra Petersen & Tuba Jim Barbara and Nolan Penn Michael Perkins & Anne Turhollow

Mr. William R. Pond Mr. William Purves and Mr. Donald Schmidt Dr. and Mrs. Charles J. Rabiner Donald A. Rau and Sally Heilpern Michael J. Rensink MD Dr. Nicolas Reveles Dr. William C. Ritz Cecilia Russell John Saurwein Carol Schrauzer Anne and Ronald Simon

Susan and Fred Smith Drs. Eleanor Smith & John Malone Cindy Sparks Ms. Lisa Stearns Mr. Nore F. Thiesfeld Dr. Jack Wasserman Mr. and Mrs. James B. Wiesler, in memory of Della Ballard Wiesler Judith and Harold Wilensky Virginia Wofford

Enthusiast, $600 to $999 David K. Jordan Gilbert & Mary Lou Kammerer Mr. and Mrs. Jay Kaufman Ms. Kathy Lazzaro Stuart C. Marshall, MD Michael Mattingly Irene Kuster McCann Ms. Tina L. McArthur Gloria McMillan Ms. Tanya Mestechkina Dr. and Mrs. Robert Metzger

Steven Moreen Mr. Gregory L. Nesbitt Rev. Raymond G. O'Donnell Cele and Justin Renaudin Ms. Lynn Rockwell Dr. and Mrs. Norman M. Rozansky Jukka Saukkonen and Velva Wood Dr. Stanley Sollie Robert J. Stall, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. W. Eli Strich Mrs. Deborah Szekely

Harry Tennebaum Dr. and Mrs. Richard Ulevitch Mr. Robert Underhill Janet and Jonathan White Ms. Suhaila White Dr. and Mrs. Philip Ziring Capt. & Mrs. Herb Zoehrer

Mrs. Helga McFarland Douglas M. Mcgraime Mr. and Mrs. Edward McIntyre Christa McReynolds Mr. and Mrs. Michael McSherry Ms. Sara Megling Ms. Marion Mettler James M. Meznek Dr. and Mrs. Paul E. Michelson Prof. Grant J. Miller Rena Minisi and Rich Paul Drs. Joseph and Karen Morse Leslie and Robin Mukau Dr. Chandra Mukerji Ph.D. Linda Mulcahy Laurie D. Munday and Marcia H. Green Mr. and Mrs. Martin Nash Mr. James W. Neel Ms. Elizabeth Nesseler and Mr. Jeff Tutak Ms. Diane H. Nobis Gladys and George Novinger Ms. Katherine Nowak Atalanta C. Olito Ms. Jeanette A. Ollivier Bob Palmer Jim & Cynthia Park Edward and Carolyn Parrish Alexandra C. E. Pearson & Paul A. Meschler Mr. William Perkins Dr. and Mrs. Richard Perlman Linda Piatt Ruth M. Pierson Dr. Lee Polk Ph.D. and Mr. Robert Betzer Ms. Eve Pritchard Martha Quinn Mr. Bruce Ramet Susan A. Ranft Jeffrey B. Remmel Ms. Nancy Richins and Mr. William Arwine Ms. Ruth Rollins Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Rollinson Dr. and Ms. Ivor Royston MD Mrs. Valerie C. Running Ms. Patricia A. Rutledge Ms. Cynthia M. Savidge Alan Schuyler Ms. Gisela Seidensticker Mr. Albert J. Sepe

Dr. Ashraf Sewailam Francoise Shah Dr. Ronald T. Shaheen Patricia C. Shank Mrs. Geri Sherman Linda and Bruce Shirer Mr. Dick Singer Mr. Marvin Sippel and Ms. Mary Scherr Sandra Jamie Smith and Erin R. Smith-Soeten Robert Smothers Dr. Maida Soghikian Dr. and Mrs. Roger G. Spragg Mr. and Mrs. George Stassinopoulos John Stover Peggy Sullivan Ms. Peg Sweesy Ms. Karrie Tenenbaum Mr. Andrew C. Thweatt Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Tiefenbrun Ms. Mary Jane Tiernan Steve and Patricia Tomlin Christian & Enrique Tordahl Craig Tyndall and Polly Jones E. S. Urueta-Ruiz Joseph A. Valent Susan Van Lenten Ms. J. M. Van Norman Mr. Al Van Slyke Dr. Gretchen N. Vik and Larry Clapper Ms. Rava Villon and David Duke Kenneth E. Wade Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Ward Barbara B. Weeks Mr. Nathan Weiss Shirli, Damien & Justin Weiss Dennis C. Williams Dr. Ian A. Wilson Ms. Sheila E. Wilson Dr. & Mrs. Robert Wood Ms. Peggy Yamamoto Robert T. Yeager and Caroline Moores Nancy H. Younger Mrs. Sandra Zarcades Ms. Bien Zhang Ms. Bonnie Zimmerman

Contributor, $300 to $599 Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth Herbst Dr. F. M. Highly, Jr. and Gladys Highly Mrs. Theresa Hill Mandel E. and Judith C. Himelstein Kaye Hobson & Wayne Raffesberger Ms. Anne Hoiberg Stephen & Katherine Hon Ms. Jordanna Rose, Ms. Nancy Hurwitz & Mr. Ken Rose, Esq. Maria Vattuone Iraci and Catherine Vattuone de los Rios Ms. Linda P. Ivor and Mr. Chris Steinhardt Ken Jackson Bruni Jacobi Nancy and David James Dr. and Ms. Najmi Jarwala Elaine and Dimitri Jeon Ms. Marcia Jewett Dr. Jeannette S. Johnson and Mr. R. Douglas Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Mark A. Johnson Nancy Johnson Sheila K. Johnson Ms. Pamela Kaires Dr. Miriam Kastner Ms. Jo Ann Kilty Hyunchul and Wanhea Kim Dr. Ronald M. Kobayashi Kreizinger Family Mr. and Mrs. Roberto Kucinski Ms. Anne Kuszynski Marilyn A. Lamb Mrs. Ruth Landaal and Charles Simmons Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell L. Lathrop Alan and Jane Lehman Ms. Maria-Cristina Leon Scott and Rosemary Leonard Ms. Judy Leshefka Sonette and Juan Lias Mr. Charles Lockhart Ms. Kathy Lockridge Eli & Diana Lombrozo Mr. David Lucero Ms. Mary MacKenzie and Mr. Kedar Pyatt Mrs. Nahid Mahdavi Deborah Mandabach Susan Marberry Miss Patricia S. McAfee Kathleen A. McClellan Mrs. Brian P. McDonald

PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P31

EVENTS

JOIN SAN DIEGO OPERA

FOR THESE EXCITING, FANTASTIC AND FREE EVENTS! POST-OPERA TALK BACK – AFTER EVERY PERFORMANCE Want the inside scoop on the performance you just saw? After every opera, we invite the stars, cast, crew and chorus for a Talk–Back to find out what really happens onstage and backstage! Make your way to the Dress Circle for this enlightening and entertaining chat.

OPERA ON THE CONCOURSE

During each production, artists from the current opera present a free, lunchtime recital of songs and opera favorites to the delight of their fans! Good weather: on the concourse in front of the San Diego Civic Theatre. Inclement weather: inside the Civic Theatre.

2016 SCHEDULE: Artists from Tosca: Thursday, February 18, Noon Artists from Madama Butterfly: Thursday, April 21, Noon Artists from Great Scott: Thursday, May 12, Noon

STARS IN THE SALON A delightful and provocative look at the music, characters and behind-the-scenes of each opera. Audience members have a chance to meet the stars and ask questions of the leading singers, conductors and directors first hand! Held in the Beverly Sills Salon in the Civic Theatre.

2016 SCHEDULE: Artists from Madama Butterfly: April 7, at 5:30pm Artists from Great Scott: April 28, at 5:30pm

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