Vol. 64 No. 2 Thursday, January 11, 2024 by SD Voice & Viewpoint

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Vol. 64 No. 2 | Thursday, January 11, 2024

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Serving San Diego County’s African & African American Communities 64 Years

DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. COMMEMORATIVE ISSUE

Legacy Life

HONORING THE

HONORING THE INSIDE:

REMEMBERING DR. KING PAGE 3

LETTER FROM A BIRMINGHAM JAIL PAGES 8-11

MAJOR EVENTS IN DR. KING’S LIFE PAGES 12-13

PHOTO: Aukid, Adobe Stock

DISCOVERING OUR

LOCAL MLK MURALS By Aryka Randall CONTRIBUTING WRITER

MLK mural at South Bay Health Center located at 330 E. Eighth St. PHOTO: Aryka Randall

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. has been celebrated visually in many ways, but one of the most creative has been with carefully curated murals in San Diego.

With the aid of the city of San Diego and various grants for creative endeavors, a number of local artists have been given the opportunity to immortalize MLK with artwork throughout the city. See MURALS page 20

TOP BLACK

A REVIEW OF THE STRUGGLE TO NAME SOMETHING FOR 2024 AFTER DR. KING

CAUCUS PRIORITIES

By Macy Meinhardt VOICE & VIEWPOINT STAFF WRITER

The naming process of San Diego’s Martin Luther King Jr. Way—the western portion of Interstate 5 beginning in downtown San Diego through Spring Valley—was not one that necessarily had the best interests of the Black community at heart. In fact, the selection of it as San Diego’s tribute to the adorned civil rights leader was a last resort option to come from the 1986-1989 contentious debate surrounding Black community leaders and white business owners in Downtown San Diego. Digging through archives, the LA Times journalist Ralph Frammolino at the time named the overpass “a focal point of an ideological and political battle” with “overtones of racism.” Almost forty years later, to some that sentiment still remains true.

The Debate Begins The story goes back to December 1985 when Coretta Scott King came to visit San Diego at the Educational Cultural Complex upon an invitation from Michel Anderson, who served as the chair of the Martin Luther

See page 2

King State Holiday Commission. According to Anderson, the turnout signified “an outstanding community response to a national icon.” “Anybody who was anybody came out,” said Anderson. Amid the nation celebrating the first Martin Luther King Day as a federal holiday one month later in Jan. 1986, coupled with Coretta’s monumental visit, the two events kicked off the debate on how “America’s Finest City” would individually honor King.

Martin Luther King sign being replaced in San Diego, 1989. PHOTO: Vince Compagnone, San Diego Free Press

First, the then City Manager Slyvester Murray, nominated a five-mile stretch of Euclid Avenue and 54th Street to be named after King, notably because it cut through an area known for diverse income and ethnic groups. Murray attained one of the highest posts of any African American to hold an appointive office in San Diego at the time. However, the proposal was widely rejected, and residents along the route launched an angry protest, including objections to King’s tactics and mission. Under pressure, the council set aside Murray’s recommendation.

to rename Market Street—known as the most diverse roadway in San Diego—to Martin Luther King Jr. Way. Extending from the bay and downtown to Encanto, the thoroughfare traversed through the region’s most disadvantaged areas, and, at the time, a census tract that had one of the highest concentrations of Black residents in the city—41 percent.

Back to the Drawing Board

But once again, business owners and residents along Market Street in downtown vehemently opposed, and also argued that they didn’t receive proper notice of the council decision before it was made.

Having to pivot, the City Council voted in April 1986

See NAME page 15

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Thursday, JANUARY 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

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CHIDA WARREN-DARBY LAUNCHES RACE FOR CITY COUNCIL By Voice & Viewpoint Staff Writer

Bowlegged BBQ was abuzz on Saturday, January 6th, as San Diego City Council District 4 Candidate Chida WarrenDarby officially launched her campaign. The launch came just 60 days shy of the special election to fill the seat vacated by Councilmember Monica Montgomery Steppe on December 5th, 2023, to begin her new role on the County Board of Supervisors. Surrounded by a host of well-wishers and supporters, Chida used her debuting remarks on her “Community Comes First” platform. She reminded some and shared with others her history of growing up in the Fourth District as a product of its schools and a family steeped in giving to this community. She said the struggle continues for all our communities to create a space where we not only thrive but where we are celebrated as well.

During her remarks, Warren-Darby outlined her desire to ensure a more community-informed approach to public safety, a commitment to empowering community organizations, and a commitment to further investing in the district’s business community. “If we want to create a space where more of our restaurants, farmers markets, bookstores, barber shops, coffee shops, and community gyms can start and thrive… well, that means we need better parking solutions. It means we need to create housing to accompany those employees. This will help to keep our communities intact, and grow sustainability,” she remarked. She went on to say that “instead of talking about you or around you, I will do what I have always done. I will talk TO you and with you. And that’s not going to change when I am in that City Council seat. I won’t say one thing in this campaign and do another thing in the office. I am going to listen, and you are going to get results.” The City Council seat really represents a forum to continue working for a community she has deep roots in. She comes from the San Diego Unified School District, attending schools from Oak Park Elementary to graduating from the School for Performing and Creative Arts. She is a graduate of the University of San Diego and a past Executive Director of the original San Diego Black Chamber of Commerce, which her mother, Mrs. Gerri Warren founded and Warren-Darby led after her.

She was intimately involved in the creation of the annual Gold Coast Classic, which started in the District Four community. She served as co-publisher and managing editor of the San Diego Voice & Viewpoint Newspaper after her mother’s death and long before state and local funding was made available she created programs for young girls involved in the legal system who were coming out of sex trafficking. One of her biggest achievements was a town hall meeting held in the community that brought together over 400 persons who were both victims and former perpetrators of sex trafficking. Many of the individuals lining up to support Warren-Darby remember her years of service and help to others, when there was no recognition for doing so. Warren-Darby says she looks forward to the debates and continued conversations with residents of the district. She believes that it’s their votes, and not endorsements based on political connections, that will make the difference in this special election. Her message: “If you are not registered, then please do so. Every vote will count.”

TOP BLACK CAUCUS PRIORITIES FOR 2024 Health, Education, Reparations and Budget Deficit Among Them By Antonio Ray Harvey CALIFORNIA BLACK MEDIA

leverage their positions to meet the group’s goals over the course of the next year.

Closing out their 2023 activities and previewing what they intend to focus on this year, members of the California Legislative Black Caucus (CLBC) met with Black news media outlets from different parts of the state. During the meeting, held late last month, the lawmakers shared some of their top priorities for the 2024 legislative session, which began Jan. 3.

“It is a pleasure to be in this space where we have a record number of members of the Black Caucus being chairs of key leadership committees as well in the area of budget,” said Wilson.

Issues members stated are their primary concerns for the next legislative session fall into several categories, including health, education, public safety, social services, homelessness, affordable housing, and economics. CLBC is planning to bring immediate attention on creating legislation around the 100-plus recommendations the California Reparations Task Force panel presented to the Legislature in June of last year. Assemblymember Lori A. Wilson (D-Suisun City), Chair of the CLBC, said, because so many of the caucus members have been appointed committee chairs by Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas (D-Hollister), she expects they will

Speaker Rivas created the new Budget Subcommittee on Human Services to focus on state funding for programs such as CalWORKs, CalFresh and In-home Supportive Services. Budget Subcommittee No. 1 previously oversaw human services funding, in combination with health. The new subcommittee Jackson is leading will engage in increased activities on social programs, in addition to interacting with residents and advocates on issues such as disability rights, low-income jobs, childcare, and aging, Rivas stated in a Dec. 5, 2023, letter. According to the Stanford Center on Longevity, the number of old people in California, those over 65, will double over the next twenty years from 4.3 million in 2010 to 8.4 million in 2030.

This will take place as the huge Baby Boomer cohort — the population born between 1946 and 1964 — passes age 65. “T hes e res ou rc es are vital lifelines for many families. By separating out human services and public health committee work, the Legislature can do a better job of focusing and also PHOTO: Asm. Lori Wilson, (D-Suisun) chair, CLBC give the committee about reparations, retail theft, public safety, more time to offer feedback,” Speaker Rivas stated, referring to the subcommittee Jackson Medi-Cal reimbursement rates, improving the chairs. shortage of public employees, and divestment in oil are some of the issues CLBC members A recurring concern for members as they hope to address during the next 12 months. discussed the issues important to them is the state’s $68 billion budget deficit that the Other pressing issues for members are early nonpartisan Legislative Accounting Office education, afterschool programs, childcare for (LAO) projected last month. African American parents, criminal justice reform, and finding solutions to end mass Maternity ward closures, educating public incarceration in California’s jails and prisons.

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint welcomes reader essays, photos and story ideas. Submit to news@sdvoice.info.

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PHOTOS: Mike Norris

“It continues to be a hard journey, but the legacy of this district is resiliency,” Warren-Darby said.

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The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.

~ MLK

WHY WE CELEBRATE The Life of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. John E. Warren Publisher

anuary 15, 2024, marks the 95th birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. While we celebrate his birthday, we also remember that he was assassinated 56 years ago this April. The further we move from his life, and for those of us who either knew or personally experienced his struggle, the more important it becomes to provide these factual printed excerpts from “trusted messengers” like the Black Press. In reality, we have an entire generation with social media posts of Dr. King, giving abbreviated glimpses of the man and his contributions. We have streets, buildings, and monuments named after him, but little knowledge of the man himself. Because there was much more to Dr. King than “I Have a Dream”, we are publishing some of his messages here in this special “commemorative” issue providing some insight into the life of Dr. King, the man.

publications this week, is intended to provide more information on Dr. King, particularly for those born 55 years after his death. The pictures, stories, articles, and excerpts from some of his speeches are meant to add an understanding of Martin Luther King, Jr. The man, not the myth. It is our hope that this issue will be retained as a point of reference for years to come. To that end, it will also be available for viewing online, but not for download. We deeply thank those who have placed ads in this issue making it possible for us to reach our children, churches,

schools, and the general community as we celebrate and remember the man. For a compelling view of one of the greatest speeches ever given in receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize, we urge you to go to YouTube and view Dr. Martin Luther King’s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 1964. In conclusion, let us remember that Dr. King is the only private citizen in the history of this country to have both a National Holiday in his honor and a monument on the National Mall. It is still up to us to make the dream and the sacrifice of the man a reality.

Dr. King believed that” the laws of man” never outweighed “the laws of God.” The March on Washington, D.C. on August 28th, 1963 was a march for jobs and freedom. Dr. King and the 250,000 plus who joined him, and I was one of them, intended to redeem what he called a “check” that America had issued to the poor and jobless. That check had been returned, marked “insufficient funds”. The “Dream” was never a substitute for the bounced check. It was to be the product of the check, had it, in fact, been “redeemed”. This issue, like those appearing in a number of African American CORP04637-Voice-and-Viewpoint-MLK-Issue-Ad

Full Color / Newsprint

Trim: 13” wide x 10.5” tall

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Honoring the Memory of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Sharp HealthCare celebrates Dr. King’s legacy of hope and healing. We are dedicated to achieving health equity by addressing the needs, challenges and cultural norms that affect care access, engagement and choices throughout our diverse community. Learn more at sharp.com.

Thursday, JANUARY 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

BIOGRAPHY

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REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Biographical Overview D

uring the less than 13 years of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s leadership of the modern American Civil Rights Movement, from December, 1955 until April 4, 1968, African Americans achieved more genuine progress toward racial equality than the previous 350 years had produced. Dr. King is widely regarded as America’s preeminent advocate of nonviolence and one of the greatest nonviolent leaders in world history. Drawing inspiration from both his Christian faith and the peaceful teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. King led a nonviolent movement in the late 1950’s and ‘60s to achieve legal equality for AfricanAmericans in the United States. While others were advocating for freedom by “any means necessary,” including violence, Martin Luther King, Jr. used the power of words and acts of nonviolent resistance, such as protests and grassroots organizing, to achieve seemingly-impossible goals. He went on to lead similar campaigns against poverty and international conflict, always maintaining fidelity to his principles that men and women everywhere, regardless of color or creed, are equal members of the human family. SOME OF DR. KING’S MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS INCLUDE: In 1955, he was recruited to serve as spokesman for the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which was a campaign by the African-American population of Montgomery, Alabama to force integration of the city’s bus lines. After 381 days of nearly universal p ar-

ticipation by the black community, many of whom had to walk miles to work each day as a result, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in transportation was unconstitutional. In 1957, Dr. King was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), an organization meant to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. He would serve as head of the SCLC until his assassination in 1968, a period during which he would emerge as the most important social leader of the modern American civil rights movement. In 1963, he led a coalition of numerous civil rights groups in a nonviolent campaign aimed at Birmingham, Alabama, which at the time was described as the “most segregated city in America.”

BIRTH & FAMILY Born at noon on Tuesday, January 15, 1929 at the family home in Atlanta, Martin Luther King, Jr. was the first son and second child born to the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. Also born to the Kings were Christine, now Mrs. Isaac Farris, Sr., and the Reverend Alfred Daniel Williams King, now deceased. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s maternal grandparents were the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams, second pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Jenny Parks Williams. His paternal grandparents were James Albert and Delia King, sharecroppers on a farm in Stockbridge, Georgia. He married Coretta Scott, the younger daughter of Obadiah and Bernice McMurry Scott of Marion, Alabama, on June 18, 1953. The marriage ceremony took place on the lawn of the Scott’s home in Marion, Alabama. The Rev. King, Sr. performed the service.

UPBRINGING & STUDIES The son, grandson, and great-grandson of Baptist ministers, Martin Luther King Jr., named Michael King at birth, spent his first twelve years in the

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and his wife, Coretta Scott King, lead off the final lap to the state capitol at Montgomery, Ala., on March 25, 1965. Thousands of civil rights marchers joined in the walk, which began in Selma, Ala., on March 21, demanding voter registration rights for blacks. Rev. D.F. Reese, of Selma, is at right. (AP Photo)

Auburn Avenue home that his parents, the Reverend Michael King and Alberta Williams King, shared with his maternal grandparents, Daniel Williams and Jeannie Celeste Williams. After Rev. Williams’ death in 1931, his son-in-law became Ebenezer Baptist Church’s new pastor and gradually established himself as a major figure in state and national Baptist groups. The elder King began referring to himself (and later to his son) as Martin Luther King. During his undergraduate years at Atlanta’s Morehouse College (1944 to 1948), King gradually overcame his initial reluctance to accept his inherited calling. Morehouse President Benjamin E. Mays influenced King’s spiritual development, encouraging him to view Christianity as a potential force for progressive social change. He was ordained during his final semester at Morehouse, and by this time King had also taken his first steps toward political activism. He had responded to the postwar wave of anti-black violence by proclaiming in a letter to the editor of the Atlanta Constitution that African Americans were “entitled to the basic rights and opportunities of American citizens”. During his senior year King joined the Intercollegiate Council, an interracial student discussion group that met monthly at Atlanta’s Emory University. After leaving Morehouse, King increased his understanding of progressive Christian thought while attending Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania from 1948 to 1951. Initially uncritical of liberal theology, he gradually moved toward Reinhold Niebuhr’s neo-orthodoxy, which emphasized the intractability of social evil. Even as he continued to question and modify his own religious beliefs, he compiled an outstanding academic record and graduated at the top of his class. See BIOGRAPHY page 5

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The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

~ MLK

TRIPLE EVILS The Triple Evils of POVERTY, RACISM and MILITARISM are forms of violence that exist in a vicious cycle. They are interrelated, all-inclusive, and stand as barriers to our living in the Beloved Community. When we work to remedy one evil, we affect all evils. To work against the Triple Evils, you must develop a nonviolent frame of mind as described in the “Six Principles of Nonviolence” and use the Kingian model for social action outlined in the “Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change.”

1. PRINCIPLE ONE: Nonviolence is a way of life for courageous people. It is active nonviolent resistance to evil.It is aggressive spiritually, mentally and emotionally. 2. PRINCIPLE TWO: Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding. The end result of nonviolence is redemption and reconciliation.

prepare yourself to accept suffering, if necessary, in your work for justice. 4. DISCUSSION/NEGOTIATION: Using grace, humor and intelligence, confront the other party with a list of injustices and a plan for addressing and resolving these injustices. Look for what is positive in every action and statement the opposition makes. Do not seek to humiliate the opponent but to call forth the good in the opponent. 5. DIRECT ACTION: These are actions taken when the opponent is unwilling to enter into, or remain in, discussion/negotiation. These actions impose a “creative tension” into the conflict, supplying moral pressure on your opponent to work with you in resolving the injustice. 6. RECONCILIATION: Nonviolence seeks friendship and understanding with the opponent. Nonviolence does not seek to defeat the opponent. Nonviolence is directed against evil systems, forces, oppressive policies, unjust acts, but not against persons. Through reasoned compromise, both sides resolve the injustice with a plan of action. Each act of reconciliation is one step close to the ‘Beloved Community.’ Based on Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” in Why We Can’t Wait, Penguin Books, 1963.

We often view the Six Steps as phases or cycles of a campaign rather than steps because each of them embodies a cluster or series of activities related to each of the other five elements.

THE BELOVED COMMUNITY Some contemporary examples of the Triple Evils are listed next to each item:

The purpose of nonviolence is the creation of the Beloved Community.

POVERTY – unemployment, homelessness, hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy, infant mortality, slums…

3. PRINCIPLE THREE: Nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice not people. Nonviolence recognizes that evildoers are also victims and are not evil people. The nonviolent resister seeks to defeat evil not people.

“There is nothing new about poverty. What is new, however, is that we now have the resources to get rid of it. The time has come for an all-out world war against poverty … The well off and the secure have too often become indifferent and oblivious to the poverty and deprivation in their midst. Ultimately a great nation is a compassionate nation. No individual or nation can be great if it does not have a concern for ‘the least of these.”

RACISM – prejudice, apartheid, ethnic conflict, anti-Semitism, sexism, colonialism, homophobia, ageism, discrimination against disabled groups, stereotypes… “Racism is a philosophy based on a contempt for life. It is the arrogant assertion that one race is the center of value and object of devotion, before which other races must kneel in submission. It is the absurd dogma that one race is responsible for all the progress of history and alone can assure the progress of the future. Racism is total estrangement. It separates not only bodies, but minds and spirits. Inevitably it descends to inflicting spiritual and physical homicide upon the out-group.”

MILITARISM – war, imperialism, domestic violence, rape, terrorism, human trafficking, media violence, drugs, child abuse, violent crime… “A true revolution of values will lay hands on the world order and say of war- ‘This way of settling differences is not just.’ This way of burning human beings with napalm, of filling our nation’s homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of hate into the veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and bloody battlefields physically handicapped psychologically deranged, cannot be reconciled with wisdom, justice and love. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death.” Source: “Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community?” by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; Boston: Beacon Press, 1967.

4. PRINCIPLE FOUR: Nonviolence holds that suffering can educate and transform. Nonviolence accepts suffering without retaliation. Unearned suffering is redemptive and has tremendous educational and transforming possibilities. 5. PRINCIPLE FIVE: Nonviolence chooses love instead of hate. Nonviolence resists violence of the spirit as well as the body.Nonviolent love is spontaneous, unmotivated, unselfish and creative. 6. PRINCIPLE SIX: Nonviolence believes that the universe is on the side of justice. The nonviolent resister has deep faith that justice will eventually win. Nonviolence believes that God is a God of justice.

SIX STEPS OF NONVIOLENT SOCIAL CHANGE The Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change are based on Dr. King’s nonviolent campaigns and teachings that emphasize love in action. Dr. King’s philosophy of nonviolence, as reviewed in the Six Principles of Nonviolence, guide these steps for social and interpersonal change. 1. INFORMATION GATHERING: To understand and articulate an issue, problem or injustice facing a person, community, or institution you must do research. You must investigate and gather all vital information from all sides of the argument or issue so as to increase your understanding of the problem. You must become an expert on your opponent’s position. 2. EDUCATION: It is essential to inform others, including your opposition, about your issue. This minimizes misunderstandings and gains you support and sympathy. 3. PERSONAL COMMITMENT: Daily check and affirm your faith in the philosophy and methods of nonviolence. Eliminate hidden motives and

“The Beloved Community” is a term that was first coined in the early days of the 20th Century by the philosopher-theologian Josiah Royce, who founded the Fellowship of Reconciliation. However, it was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., also a member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, who popularized the term and invested it with a deeper meaning which has captured the imagination of people of goodwill all over the world. For Dr. King, The Beloved Community was not a lofty utopian goal to be confused with the rapturous image of the Peaceable Kingdom, in which lions and lambs coexist in idyllic harmony. Rather, The Beloved Community was for him a realistic, achievable goal that could be attained by a critical mass of people committed to and trained in the philosophy and methods of nonviolence. Dr. King’s Beloved Community is a global vision, in which all people can share in the wealth of the earth. In the Beloved Community, poverty, hunger and homelessness will not be tolerated because international standards of human decency will not allow it. Racism and all forms of discrimination, bigotry and prejudice will be replaced by an all-inclusive spirit of sisterhood and brotherhood. In the Beloved Community, international disputes will be resolved by peaceful conflict-resolution and reconciliation of adversaries, instead of military power. Love and trust will triumph over fear and hatred. Peace with justice will prevail over war and military conflict. SOURCE: The Martin Luther King, Jr. Center, www.thekingcenter.org

MLK PHILOSOPHY

The King Philosophy SIX PRINCIPLES OF NONVIOLENCE Fundamental tenets of Dr. King’s philosophy of nonviolence described in his first book, Stride Toward Freedom. The six principles include:

Returning violence for violence multiplies violence, adding deeper darkness to a night already devoid of stars.

BIOGRAPHY Continued from page 4

In 1951 King began doctoral studies in systematic theology at Boston University’s School of Theology. By the time he completed his doctoral studies in 1955, King had refined his exceptional ability to draw upon a wide range of theological and philosophical texts to express his views with force and precision. His ability to infuse his oratory with borrowed theological insights became evident in his expanding preaching activities in Boston-area-churches and at Ebenezer, where he assisted his father during school vacations.

THE BUS BOYCOTT SPARKS A MOVEMENT Although he considered pursuing an academic career, King decided in 1954 to accept an offer to become the pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In

December 1955, when Montgomery’s black leaders, such as Jo Ann Robinson, E.D. Nixon, and Ralph Abernathy formed the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to protest the arrest of NAACP official Rosa Park for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man, they selected King to head the new group. In his role as the primary spokesman of the year-long Montgomery bus boycott, King utilized the leadership abilities he had gained from his religious background and academic training to forge a distinctive protest strategy that involved the mobilization of black churches and skillful appeals for white support. With the encouragement of Bayard Rustin, Glenn Smiley, William Stuart Nelson and other veteran pacifists, King also became a firm advocate of Mohandas Gandhi’s precepts of nonviolence, which he combined with

Christian social gospel ideas. In his last book, Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?, King dismissed the claim of Black Power advocates “to be the most revolutionary wing of the social revolution taking place in the United States,” but he acknowledged that they responded to a psychological need among African Americans he had not previously addressed. “Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery,” King wrote. “The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.” SOURCE: The Martin Luther King Jr. Center, www.thekingcenter.org

Thursday, JANUARY 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

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REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. D

r. King gave over 2000 speeches advocating for civil and human rights for African Americans. While we encourage all to find and read the full transcripts of Dr. King’s speeches, the excerpted passages here can serve as powerful reminders of Dr. King’s eloquence and brilliance, our progress as a nation, and the work still to be done.

Excerpt of

“I Have a Dream” By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963 In a sense we have come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.” But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism... Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood… This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning…

In this Aug. 28, 1963 photo, The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, waves to the crowd after his “I Have a Dream” speech which he addressed thousands of civil rights supporters gathered in Washington, D.C.

Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual... The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges…

“

America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.” But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt.

In the process… We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline… Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force… Many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone… There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, “When will you be satisfied?” We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro’s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no… we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.

– MLK

”

I have a dream today… SOURCE: http://www.drmartinlutherkingjr.com/ihaveadream.htm

SAN DIEGO CITY COLLEGE PRESENTS

BLACK EDUCATORS N E T W O R K I N G E V E N T Schwartz Square | February 9, 2024 | 6pm – 9pm Join us for our second annual Black Educators Networking Event as part of Black History Month.

Explore the employment fair featuring area community colleges and other agencies.

Build your network and meet educators from area colleges, universities, and K12. Enjoy food, music, networking, prizes, and more!

Don’t wait. Register today. Tickets are limited. Scan the QR Code or visit sdcity.cc/bene2024

Featured Panelists: John Parker, DBA

Shakerra Carter, Ed.D.

Vice President, Administrative Services San Diego City College

Vice President, Student Services San Diego College of Continuing Education

Larry Maxey

Charlie Ng

Vice President, Student Services San Diego Mesa College

Vice President, Human Resources MiraCosta College

Thank you to our sponsors. San Diego & Imperial Counties Community Colleges Association (SDICCCA) Grossmont-Cuyamaca Community College District (Grossmont and Cuyamaca colleges), Imperial Valley College, MiraCosta College, Palomar College, the San Diego Community College District (San Diego City College, San Diego Mesa College, San Diego Miramar College, and San Diego College of Continuing Education), and Southwestern College

A2MEND The County of San Diego Black Chamber of Commerce The Nandi Organization San Diego Workforce Partnership

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The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

The well-off and the secure have too often become indifferent to the poverty and deprivation in their midst. ~ MLK

ay 17, 1957 - Nearly twenty thousand people listened while King and other national civil rights leaders exhorted the president and Congress to fulfill the promise of Brown v. the Board of Education, embodied in the proposed Voting Rights Act.

Excerpt of

“Give Us the Ballot” By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Delivered at the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom gathering at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Mr. Chairman, distinguished platform associates, fellow Americans: Three years ago the Supreme Court of this nation rendered in simple, eloquent, and unequivocal language a decision which will long be stenciled on the mental sheets of succeeding generations. For all men of goodwill, this May seventeenth decision came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of human captivity. It came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of disinherited people throughout the world who had dared only to dream of freedom. Unfortunately, this noble and sublime decision has not gone without opposition. This opposition has often risen to ominous proportions. Many states have risen up in open defiance. The legislative halls of the South ring loud with such words as “interposition” and “nullification.” But even more, all types of conniving methods are still being used to prevent Negroes from becoming registered voters. The denial of this sacred right is a tragic betrayal of the highest mandates of our democratic tradition. And so our most urgent request to the president of the United States and every member of Congress is to give us the right to vote. Give us the ballot, and we will no longer have to worry the federal government about our basic rights. Give us the ballot, and we will no longer plead to the federal government for passage of an anti-lynching law; we will by the power of our vote write the law on the statute books of the South and bring an end to the dastardly acts of the hooded perpetrators of violence. Give us the ballot, and we will transform the salient misdeeds of bloodthirsty mobs into the calculated good deeds of orderly citizens. Give us the ballot, and we will fill our legislative halls with men of goodwill and send to the sacred halls of Congress men who will not sign a “Southern Manifesto” because of their devotion to the manifesto of justice. Give us the ballot, and we will place judges on the benches of the south who will do justly and love mercy, and we will place at the head of the southern states governors who have felt not only the tang of the human, but the glow of the Divine. Give us the ballot, and we will quietly and nonviolently, without rancor or bitterness, implement the Supreme Court’s decision of May seventeenth, 1954. In this juncture of our nation’s history, there is an urgent need for dedicated and courageous leadership. If we are to solve the problems ahead and make racial justice a reality, this leadership must be fourfold. First, there is need for strong, aggressive leadership from the federal government. A second area in which there is need for strong leadership is from the white northern liberals. There is a dire need today for a liberalism which is truly liberal. What we are witnessing today in so many northern communities is a sort of quasi-liberalism which is based on the principle of looking sympathetically at all sides. It is a liberalism so bent on seeing all sides, that it fails

to become committed to either side. It is a liberalism that is so objectively analytical that it is not subjectively committed. It is a liberalism which is neither hot nor cold, but lukewarm. A third source that we must look to for strong leadership is from the moderates of the white South. It is unfortunate that at this time the leadership of the white South stems from the close-minded reactionaries. These persons gain prominence and power by the dissemination of false ideas and by deliberately appealing to the deepest hate responses within the human mind. It is my firm belief that this close-minded, reactionary, recalcitrant group constitutes a numerical minority. We must work passionately and unrelentingly for the goal of freedom, but we must be sure that our hands are clean in the struggle. We must never struggle with falsehood, hate, or malice. We must never become bitter. There is another warning signal. We talk a great deal about our rights, and rightly so. We proudly proclaim that three-fourths of the peoples of the world are colored. We have the privilege of noticing in our generation the great drama of freedom and independence as it unfolds in Asia and Africa. All of these things are in line with the unfolding work of Providence. We must also avoid the temptation of being victimized with a psychology of victors. We have won marvelous victories. We have been able to do some of the most amazing things of this generation. But we must not, however, remain satisfied with a court victory over our white brothers. We must respond to every decision with an understanding of those who have opposed us and with an appreciation of the difficult adjustments that the court orders pose for them. I conclude by saying that each of us must keep faith in the future. Let us not despair. Let us realize that as we struggle for justice and freedom, we have cosmic companionship. There is something in our faith that says to us, “Never despair; never give up; never feel that the cause of righteousness and justice is doomed.” There is something in our Christian faith, at the center of it, which says to us that Good Friday may occupy the throne for a day, but ultimately it must give way to the triumphant beat of the drums of Easter. When the history books are written in the future, the historians will have to look back and say, “There lived a great people. A people with ‘fleecy locks and black complexion,’ but a people who injected new meaning into the veins of civilization; a people which stood up with dignity and honor and saved Western civilization in her darkest hour; a people that gave new integrity and a new dimension of love to our civilization.” When that happens, “the morning stars will sing together, and the sons of God will shout for joy.” SOURCE: www.CivilRightsDigitalLibrary.com

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THE WORDS OF DR. KING

LETTER FROM A

BIRMINGHAM JAIL

On April 12, 1963, Dr. King was arrested for campaigning against entrenched Alabama segregationist policies.While in solitary confinement, he wrote a 7,000-word open letter to a group of white clergy who were critical of his campaign. It serves as a powerful reminder of the progress made as a nation, yet the work still to be done. By Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. SOURCE: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

hile confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities “unwise and untimely.” Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas. If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work. But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms. I think I should indicate why I am here in Birmingham, since you have been influenced by the view which argues against “outsiders coming in.” I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating

in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their “thus saith the Lord” far beyond the boundaries of their hometowns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid. Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are

caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action. We have gone through all these steps in Birmingham. There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community. Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Its ugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case. You may well ask: “Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isn’t negotiation a better path?” You are

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quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored. My citing the creation of tension as part of the work of the nonviolent resister may sound rather shocking. But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word “tension.” I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth. Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal, so must we see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding and brotherhood. The purpose of our direct action program is to create a situation so crisis packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation. My friends, I must say to you that we have not made a single gain in civil rights without determined legal and nonviolent pressure. Lamentably, it is an historical fact that privileged groups seldom give up their privileges voluntarily. Individuals may see the moral light and voluntarily give up their unjust posture; but, as Reinhold Niebuhr has reminded us, groups tend to be more immoral than individuals. We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct action campaign that was “well timed” in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. For years now I have heard the word “Wait!” It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This “Wait” has almost always meant “Never.” We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists, that “justice too long delayed is justice denied.” We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights. The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence, but we still creep at horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter. Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, “Wait.” But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society; when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she can’t go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and when you have to concoct an answer for a five year old son who is asking: “Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?”; when you take a cross county drive and find it necessary to sleep night after night in the uncomfortable corners of your automobile because no motel will accept you; when you are humiliated day in and day out by nagging signs reading “white” and “colored”; when your first name becomes “nigger,” your middle name becomes “boy” (however old you are) and your last name

Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself. ~ MLK

becomes “John,” and your wife and mother are never given the respected title “Mrs.”; when you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to expect next, and are plagued with inner fears and outer resent-ments; when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of “nobodiness”—then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait. There comes a time when the cup of endurance runs over, and men are no longer willing to be plunged into the abyss of despair. I hope, sirs, you can understand our legitimate and unavoidable impatience. You express a great deal of anxiety over our willingness to break laws. This is certainly a legitimate concern. …, at first glance it may seem rather

Above: 1963 March on Washington (NARA). PHOTO: National Archive.

paradoxical for us consciously to break laws. One may well ask: “How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?” The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would Continued on page 10

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THE WORDS OF DR. KING Continued from page 9

agree with St. Augustine that “an unjust law is no law at all.” Now, what is the difference between the two? How does one determine whether a law is just or unjust? A just law is a man made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law. To put it in the terms of St. Thomas Aquinas: An unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal law and natural law. Any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any law that degrades human personality is unjust. All segregation statutes are unjust

am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country’s antireligious laws. I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers. First, I must confess that over the past few years I have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate. I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro’s great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen’s

Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to “order” than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says; who lives by a mythical concept of time and who constantly advises the Negro to wait for a “more convenient season.” Shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating

The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is welcomed with a kiss by his wife Coretta after leaving court in Montgomery, Ala., March 22, 1956. King was found guilty of conspiracy to boycott city buses in a campaign to desegregate the bus system, but a judge suspended his $500 fine pending appeal. (AP Photo/Gene Herrick)

because segregation distorts the soul and damages the personality. It gives the segregator a false sense of superiority and the segregated a false sense of inferiority. Segregation, to use the terminology of the Jewish philosopher Martin Buber, substitutes an “I it” relationship for an “I thou” relationship and ends up relegating persons to the status of things. Hence segregation is not only politically, economically and sociologically unsound. I can urge men to obey the 1954 decision of the Supreme Court, for it is morally right; and I can urge them to disobey segregation ordinances, for they are morally wrong. …Of course, there is nothing new about this kind of civil disobedience. It was evidenced sublimely in the refusal of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego to obey the laws of Nebuchadnezzar, on the ground that a higher moral law was at stake. To a degree, academic freedom is a reality today because Socrates practiced civil disobedience. In our own nation, the Boston Tea Party represented a massive act of civil disobedience. We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was “legal” and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was “illegal.” It was “illegal” to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler’s Germany. Even so, I

In this June 7, 1966 photo, Mississippi Highway Patrolmen shove the Rev. Martin Luther King and members of his marching group off the traffic lane of Highway 51 south of Hernando, Miss. King, Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee leader Stokely Carmichael (head visible at upper right) and other civil rights leaders had taken up the march begun by James Meredith. (AP Photo)

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Legacy continues in the hearts, minds, and souls of the people who embody his values- and most importantly his dream.

than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will. Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection. I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and that when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social

www.sdvoice.info progress. I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that the present tension in the South is a necessary phase of the transition from an obnoxious negative peace, in which the Negro passively accepted his unjust plight, to a substantive and positive peace, in which all men will respect the dignity and worth of human personality. Actually, we who engage in nonviolent direct action are not the creators of tension. We merely bring to the surface the hidden tension that is already alive. We bring it out in the open, where it can be seen and dealt with. In your statement you assert that our actions, even though peaceful, must be condemned because they precipitate violence. But is this a logical assertion? Isn’t this like condemning a robbed man because his possession of money precipitated the evil act of robbery? …We must come to see that, as the federal courts have consistently affirmed, it is wrong to urge an individual to cease his efforts to gain his basic constitutional rights because the quest may precipitate violence. Society must protect the robbed and punish the robber.

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, JANUARY 11, 2024 God? Where were their voices when the lips of Governor Barnett dripped with words of interposition and nullification? Where were they when Governor Wallace gave a clarion call for defiance and hatred? Where were their voices of support when bruised and weary Negro men and women decided to rise from the dark dungeons of complacency to the bright hills of creative protest?”

And now this approach is being termed extremist. But though I was initially disappointed at being categorized as an extremist, as I continued to think about the matter I gradually gained a measure of satisfaction from the label. Was not Jesus an extremist for love…Was not Amos an extremist for justice…Was not Paul an extremist for the Christian gospel…Was not Martin Luther an extremist… And John Bunyan… And Abraham Lincoln… And Thomas Jefferson…

Yes, these questions are still in my mind. In deep disappointment I have wept over the laxity of the church. But be assured that my tears have been tears of love. There can be no deep disappointment where there is not deep love. Yes, I love the church. How could I do otherwise? I am in the rather unique position of being the son, the grandson and the great grandson of preachers. Yes, I see the church as the body of Christ. But, oh! How we have blemished and scarred that body through social neglect and through fear of being nonconformists. But again I am thankful to God that some noble Integration leader Martin Luther King Jr., Atlanta minister, speaking to a church filled to overflowing, in Albany, Georgia on July 22, 1962, about the legal fights ahead. King and other integration leaders and organizations fighting to break down segregation will start court action in a effort to upset a Federal injunction issued on banning protest demonstrations. (AP Photo)

souls from the ranks of organized religion have broken loose from the paralyzing chains of conformity and joined us as active partners in the struggle for freedom. They have left their secure congregations and walked the streets of Albany, Georgia, with us.

I hope this letter finds you strong in the faith. Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear

drenched communities, and in some not too distant tomorrow the radiant stars of love and brotherhood will shine over our great nation with all their scintillating beauty. Yours for the cause of Peace and Brotherhood, MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

…They have carved a tunnel of hope through the dark mountain of disappointment. If the inexpressible cruelties of slavery could not stop us, the opposition we now face will surely fail. We will win our freedom because the sacred heritage of our nation and the eternal will of God are embodied in our echoing demands.

I had hoped that the white moderate would see this need. Perhaps I was too optimistic; perhaps I expected too much. I suppose I should have realized that few members of the oppressor race can understand the deep groans and passionate yearnings of the oppressed race, and still fewer have the vision to see that injustice must be rooted out by strong, persistent and determined action. I am thankful, however, that some of our white brothers in the South have grasped the meaning of this social revolution and committed themselves to it…

Before closing I feel impelled to mention one other point in your statement that has troubled me profoundly. You warmly commended the Birmingham police force for keeping “order” and “preventing violence.” I doubt that you would have so warmly commended the police force if you had seen its dogs sinking their teeth into unarmed, nonviolent Negroes. I doubt that you would so quickly commend the policemen if you were to observe their ugly and inhumane treat-ment of Negroes here in the city jail; if you were to watch them push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls; if you were to see them slap and kick old Negro men and young boys; if you were to observe them, as they did on two occa-sions, refuse to give us food because we wanted to sing our grace together. I cannot join you in your praise of the Birmingham police department.

I have heard numerous southern religious leaders admonish their worshipers to comply with a desegregation decision because it is the law, but I have longed to hear white ministers declare: “Follow this decree because integration is morally right and because the Negro is your brother.” In the midst of blatant injustices inflicted upon the Negro, I have watched white churchmen stand on the sideline and mouth pious irrelevancies and sanctimonious trivialities. In the midst of a mighty struggle to rid our nation of racial and economic injustice, I have heard many ministers say: “Those are social issues, with which the gospel has no real concern.” And I have watched many churches commit themselves to a completely other worldly religion which makes a strange, un-Biblical distinction between body and soul, between the sacred and the secular.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. reacts in St. Augustine, Fla., after learning that the senate passed the civil rights bill, June 19, 1964. King commented," This is the dawn of a new hope." (AP Photo)

U.S. Marshal Cato Ellis serves Dr. Martin Luther King and his aides with a temporary restraining order barring them from leading another march without court approval, outside the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 3, 1968. The order was aimed at stopping a march set for April 8 in support of city sanitation workers. Identified people in the photo are Cato, holding papers, Rev, Ralph Abernathy, Andrew Young, in profile and Kin. Others are unidentified. (AP Photo)

So the question is not whether we will be extremists, but what kind of extremists we will be. Will we be extremists for hate or for love? Will we be extremists for the preservation of injustice or for the extension of justice?

But despite these notable exceptions, I must honestly reiterate that I have been disappointed with the church. I do not say this as one of those negative critics who can always find something wrong with the church. I say this as a minister of the gospel, who loves the church; who was nurtured in its bosom; who has been sustained by its spiritual blessings and who will remain true to it as long as the cord of life shall lengthen.

Nonviolence is a powerful and just weapon, which cuts without wounding and ennobles the man who wields it. ~ MLK

…We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people. Human progress never rolls in on wheels of inevitability; it comes through the tireless efforts of men willing to be coworkers with God, and without this hard work, time itself becomes an ally of the forces of social stagnation. We must use time creatively, in the knowledge that the time is always ripe to do right. …Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself, and that is what has happened to the American Negro. Something within has reminded him of his birthright of freedom, and something without has reminded him that it can be gained. Consciously or unconsciously, he has been caught up by the Zeitgeist, and with his black brothers of Africa and his brown and yellow brothers of Asia, South America and the Caribbean, the United States Negro is moving with a sense of great urgency toward the promised land of racial justice.

It is true that the police have exercised a degree of discipline in handling the demonstrators. In this sense they have conducted themselves rather “nonviolently” in public. But for what purpose? To preserve the evil system of segregation.

I have traveled the length and breadth of Alabama, Mississippi and all the other southern states.

I wish you had commended the Negro sit inners and demonstrators of Birmingham for their sublime courage, their willingness to suffer and their amazing discipline in the midst of great provocation. One day the South will recognize its real heroes. They will be the James Merediths, with the noble sense of purpose that enables them to face jeering and hostile mobs, and with the agonizing loneliness that characterizes the life of the pioneer. They will be old, oppressed, battered Negro women, symbolized in a seventy two year old woman in Montgomery, Alabama, who rose up with a sense of dignity and with her people decided not to ride segregated buses, and who responded with ungrammatical profundity to one who inquired about her weariness: “My feets is tired, but my soul is at rest.”

On sweltering summer days and crisp autumn mornings I have looked at the South’s beautiful churches with their lofty spires pointing heavenward. I have beheld the impressive outlines of her massive religious education buildings. Over and over I have found myself asking: “What kind of people worship here? Who is their

If I have said anything in this letter that overstates the truth and indicates an unreasonable impatience, I beg you to forgive me. If I have said anything that understates the truth and indicates my having a patience that allows me to settle for anything less than brotherhood, I beg God to forgive me.

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1929-1968

MAJOR EVENTS JUNE 5

JANUARY 10-11 The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is formed by Southern black ministers in Atlanta to discuss strategies to fight segregation. King is named SCLC’s first president.

Dr. Martin Luther King civil rights leader testifying before the Senate Government Operations subcommittee, December 15, 1966. (AP Photo)

The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial is seen with the Washington Monument, in Washington, Monday, Jan. 20, 2020. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana)

MARCH 6

JANUARY 15 FEBRUARY 25 King is ordained and appointed assistant pastor at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta.

King is awarded his doctorate in Systematic Theology from Boston University.

JUNE 18

King attends Ghana’s independence celebrations in West Africa and meets with Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah.

MAY 17

DECEMBER 1-5 JUNE 8

King delivers his first national address, “Give Us The Ballot,” at the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.

Martin Luther King Jr. is born at 501 Auburn Ave. in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother, Alberta King was a school teacher and his father, Michael Luther King was a Baptist minister.

1929

1946

The Atlanta Constitution publishes King’s letter to the editor stating that black people “are entitled to the basic rights and opportunities of American citizens.”

King graduates from Morehouse College in Atlanta, GA with a B.A. in Sociology.

1948

1951

King graduates from Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pa. with a bachelor of divinity degree, delivering the commencement valedictory address.

King marries Coretta Scott on the front lawn of the Scott home near Marion, Alabama. They eventually have four children.

1953

1954

King begins his pastorate at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.

Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to vacate her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama city bus to make way for a white passenger. Women’s Political Council members distribute thousands of leaflets calling for a one-day boycott of the city’s buses on Monday, 5 December. The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) is formed. King becomes its president.

1955

1956

While speaking at a mass civil rights meeting, King’s home is bombed. Later King addresses an angry crowd outside the house, pleading for nonviolence.

JANUARY 30

The U.S. Supreme Court affirms Browder v. Gayle and declares Montgomery and Alabama bus segregation laws unconstitutional. King is among the first passengers to ride the city’s newly integrated buses.

MAY 6

AUGUST 6

JUNE 13 King and Ralph D. Abernathy meet with Vice President Richard M. Nixon, the first of several meetings.

1957

1958

King and other civil rights leaders meet with President Dwight D. Eisenhower in Washington.

JUNE 23

King’s first book, Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story, is published.

SEPTEMBER 7 During a book signing in Harlem, King is stabbed with a seven-inch letter opener by Izola Ware Curry. He recovers.

SEPTEMBER 1

NOVEMBER 13

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There is nothing new about poverty. What is new is that we have the resources to get rid of it. ~ MLK

IN DR. KING’S LIFE JANUARY 3 King is named Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year.”

JUNE 11 King is arrested and jailed for demanding service at a white-only restaurant in St. Augustine, Florida.

JANUARY 18

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, addresses marchers during his “I Have a Dream” speech at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. Aug. 28, 1963. (AP Photo)

APRIL 3

President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with King, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young, and James Farmer to seek support for his War on Poverty initiative.

MARCH 6

JANUARY 26 NOVEMBER 18 After King criticizes the FBI’s failure to protect civil rights workers, the agency’s director J. Edgar Hoover denounces King as “the most notorious liar in the country.” A week later he states that SCLC is “spearheaded by Communists and moral degenerates.”

FEBRUARY

King delivers his final speech, “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop.”

APRIL 4

DECEMBER 10 King and his wife Coretta bring attention to urban poverty and poor housing conditions when they move into an apartment on the Southside of Chicago.

King meets Malcolm X in Washington, D.C. for the first and only time. King visits India, the home of his hero, Mohandas Gandhi. King credits his success in civil rights to Gandhi’s passive resistance techniques.

1959

1960

King leaves Montgomery and moves to Atlanta to devote more time to SCLC. He becomes assistant pastor at his father’s church, Ebenezer Baptist Church.

FEBRUARY 23

JUNE King’s book, Why We Can’t Wait, is published

1963 Responding to eight Jewish and Christian clergymen’s advice that African Americans wait patiently for justice, King pens his “Letter from Birmingham Jail.”

King receives the Nobel Peace Prize at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway.

1964

1965

King delivers the eulogy at the funerals of Addie Mae Collins, Carol Denise McNair, and Cynthia Dianne Wesley, three of the four children that were killed during the September 15th bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham.

SEPTEMBER 18

U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy authorizes the FBI to wiretap King’s home phone.

FEBRUARY 1

King meets privately in New York with Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy. King later meets with President Kennedy in 1963, urging him to issue a second Emancipation Proclamation to eliminate racial segregation.

JUNE 23

King is shot and killed in Memphis while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. Nearly 100,000 people attend his funeral.

In Chicago, King meets Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad.

APRIL 9 King is buried in Atlanta.

1966

1967

In an event known as “Bloody Sunday,” voting rights marchers are beaten at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama as they attempt to march to Montgomery.

MARCH 7

1968 At a New York City gathering of Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam, King delivers his speech, “Beyond Vietnam,” demanding the U.S. end the war.

APRIL 4 King, John Lewis and 3200 people march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama after a U.S. District judge upholds their right to conduct an orderly demonstration. King meets with President Lyndon B. Johnson and other leaders about voting rights for blacks.

OCTOBER 10

King’s book, Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?, is published.

JUNE

King announces plans for his Poor People’s Campaign, a mass civil disobedience campaign set for Washington, D.C., to force the government to end poverty.

APRIL 6 King delivers his famous “I Have a Dream” speech at The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in Washington, D.C. After the march, King and other civil rights leaders have a White House meeting with President John F. Kennedy and VicePresident Lyndon B. Johnson.

MARCH 17-25

King publicly opposes the Vietnam War at a mass rally at the Ninth Annual Convention of SCLC in Birmingham.

AUGUST 12

AUGUST 28

DECEMBER 4

14 Thursday, January 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF

www.sdvoice.info

DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

King’s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech December 10, 1964 - University of Oslo in Oslo, Norway. At the age of thirty-five, Dr. King received the Nobel Prize “for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population.” The prestigious award propelled the modern American Civil Rights Movement onto the global stage.

accept the Nobel Prize for Peace at a moment when 22 million Negroes of the United States of America are engaged in a creative battle to end the long night of racial injustice. I am mindful that only yesterday in Birmingham, Alabama, our children were answered with fire hoses, snarling dogs and even death. I am mindful that only yesterday in Philadelphia, Mississippi, young people were brutalized and murdered. And only yesterday more than 40 houses of worship in the State of Mississippi alone were bombed or burned because they offered a sanctuary to those who would not accept segregation. Therefore, I must ask why this prize is awarded to a movement which is beleaguered and committed to unrelenting struggle; to a movement which has not won the very peace and brotherhood which is the essence of the Nobel Prize.

overcome oppression and violence without resorting to violence and oppression. Negroes of the United States have demonstrated that nonviolence is not sterile passivity, but a powerful moral force which makes for social transformation. Sooner or later all the people of the world will have to discover a way to live together in peace. If this is to be achieved, man must evolve for all human conflict a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love. I accept this award today with an abiding faith in America and an audacious faith in the future of mankind. I refuse to accept despair as the final response to the ambiguities of history. I refuse to accept the idea that the “isness” of man’s present nature makes him morally incapable of reaching

ing events which surround him. I refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality. I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. I believe that even amid today’s mortar bursts and whining bullets, there is still hope for a brighter tomorrow. I believe that wounded justice can be lifted from this dust of shame. I have the audacity to believe that people everywhere can have three meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for their minds, and dignity, equality and freedom for their spirits. I believe that what self-centered men have torn down men other-centered can build up. I still believe that We Shall overcome! This faith can give us courage to face the un-

certainties of the future. It will give our tired feet new strength as we continue our forward stride toward the city of freedom. When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds and our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, we will know that we are living in the creative turmoil of a genuine civilization struggling to be born. Today I come to Oslo as a trustee, inspired and with renewed dedication to humanity. I accept this prize on behalf of all men who love peace and brotherhood. I say I come as a trustee, for in the depths of my heart I am aware that this prize is much more than an honor to me personally. SOURCE: U.S. Department of the Interior and Les Prix Nobel en 1964, Editor Göran Liljestrand, [Nobel Foundation], Stockholm, 1965

Dr. King stated, “This Nobel Prize was won by a movement of great people, whose discipline, wise restraint, and majestic courage has led them down a nonviolent course in seeking to establish a reign of justice and a rule of love across this nation of ours: Herbert Lee, Fannie Lou Hamer, Medgar Evers, Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner, and the thousands of children in Birmingham, Albany, St. Augustine, and Savannah who had accepted physical blows and jail and had discovered that the power of the soul is greater than the might of violence. These unknown thousands had given this movement the international acclaim, which we received from the Norwegian Parliament.” After contemplation, I conclude that this award is a profound recognition that nonviolence is the answer to the crucial political and moral question of our time – the need for man to

JANUARY 15

up for the eternal “oughtness” that forever confronts him. I refuse to accept the idea that man is mere flotsom and jetsom in the river of life, unable to influence the unfold-

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. shakes the hand of King Olav of Norway at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway. PHOTO: National Park Service

“Everyone can be great... because anybody can serve.” Martin Luther King, Jr.

The County of San Diego is committed to a just, sustainable, equitable and resilient future for all.

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The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

A Review of the Struggle to Name Something After Dr. King Continuation from Cover: Name

By Macy Meinhardt VOICE & VIEWPOINT STAFF WRITER

ence, the grassroot “Keep Market Street Initiative” was formulated in an effort to overturn the City Council decision, also known as Proposition F.

“They can sugar-coat it any way they want to, but that’s what it is. What they are saying is, ‘Dr. King was a great person who should be honored as long as it’s not in my neighborhood.’ No one on our end of the street is complaining. It’s only the people downtown.” –Willie Morrow

The grounds of the initiative according to leaders such as Tod Firotto was to maintain the “history” and “heritage” of Market Street. The street had existed in San Diego since 1915. Other concerns raised were the costs of changing addresses on checks and invoices, as well as confusion in navigation purposes.

“There’s no secret a lot of people who are behind this are red-necked racists, and you can quote me,” said Rev. Walker Smith in an interview with the LA Times’ Armando Acuna. Other leaders, including the late Willie Morrow, former business owner on the eastern end of Market Street, said that “basically, it comes down to a simple matter of Black and white.” “They can sugar-coat it any way they want to, but that’s what it is. What they are saying is, ‘Dr. King was a great person who should be honored as long as it’s not in my neighborhood.’ No one on our end of the street is complaining. It’s only the people downtown,” Morrow said. Yet, proponents on the other side said that the initiative has nothing to do with King nor the Black community. “The initiative was a reaction to the lack of recognition and the loss of heritage” in changing Market Street, said Tod Firotto. “Don’t kill somebody else’s heritage for the sake of his (King’s),” Firotto said. “He wouldn’t want that.”

Thrusting the city into a racially and politically divisive debate, the issue was set onto the November 1987 ballot to be determined by residential voters on whether or not to keep the name change or reverse it back to Market Street. According to LA Times archives, ProKing forces backed by the San Diego Urban League and the Baptist Ministers Union of San Diego sponsored a downtown march, and advertised their “Say No to Prop. F” initiative in minority newspapers, including The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint, as well as a radio commercial featuring singer Harry Belafonte, who urged a “no” vote to avoid a “slap in the face” to the memory of King.

to Name Something Aft

er Dr. King

However, Black community leaders branded the initiative as racially motivated and a “slap in the face to King”. Vowing to fight against the measure, a counter campaign was formulated—“Keep MLK Jr. Way.” Supporters of “Keep MLK Way”, also known

–MLK

as “Say No to Prop. F”, included the late Reverend George Walker Smith who served as the pastor at Christ United Presbyterian Church. In regards to the initiative, he called it a symbol of the “negative attitude that white folks here have toward King and other things.”

The Legacy of King in the Hands of Voters

A Review of the Struggle

Either we go up together, or we go down together.

Despite ample efforts however, almost 80,000 signatures were garnered in support of removing MLK’s name tribute from Market Street; ultimately nullifying the City Council's decision the year prior. Shamefully, the tribute to Dr. King in downtown San Diego only lasted for thirteen months. “It was very clear that the proposition was going to pass because people disagreed with the process used and they also wanted to protect the tradition of Market Street,” said former Mayor at the time, Maureen O’ Connor.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. walks between seven-year-old Eva Gracelemon, left, and 10-year-old Aritha Willis as he escorts black school children to formerly all-white schools in Grenada, Miss., Tuesday morning, Sept. 20, 1966. Violence erupted at the school last Monday when the schools were integrated. (AP Photo)

Western Portion of California 94, named MLK Jr Freeway in 1989. PHOTO: Aryka Randall/Voice & Viewpoint)

“To repudiate the city council action is to repudiate those principles Dr. King was devoted to.” –Commentary signed in a press release by the San Diego Imperial Counties Labor Council in 1987.

Swift replacement was therefore urged by the City Council and community members to find a “bigger” and “better” tribute to Dr. King somewhere in the city. Afterall, at the time, San Diego was the second city in the nation in which voters revoked a memorial to the Nobel Peace Prize winner— a tarnish on the city's reputation. “To repudiate the city council action is to repudiate those principles Dr. King was devoted to.” Commentary signed in a press release by the San Diego Imperial Counties Labor Council in 1987. “Quite simply, the decision by San Diego voters was shameful. It’s embarrassing to look back on now and frankly the majority of San Diegans should have recognized it was an embarrassment at the time,” wrote Charles T. Clark, in a 2021 UT op-ed.

Same Story, Different Chapter Over the next two years, the city dabbled with finding more suitable options for finding a tribute to honor the legacy of King. From the Black community, the most appropriate and apt alternative to Market Street was to name the convention center, which was being built at the time, after the late civil rights leader. But once again, that was rejected in a 4-3 vote by the Board of Port Commissioners. Ultimately, in what some describe as “damage control” since San Diego couldn't make a decision on a local level, state leaders from Sacramento intervened and proposed a resolution to rename the western portion of California 94 to MLK Jr. Freeway. Even though the freeway alternative wasn't a widely favored option by San Diego's Black community, it received approval in September 1989, and the signage and freeway pass have persisted to this day. The lasting impact of this divisive process serves as a reminder of the challenges faced in honoring the legacy of a civil rights icon. While the freeway option may not have been the favored choice among San Diego's Black community, its approval in 1989 signifies the complex and often difficult path toward commemorating Martin Luther King Jr.'s contributions in a way that resonates with the diverse perspectives within the city.

Faith is quote corner taking the goes first here step even when you don't see the whole staircase. –MLK

Thursday, January 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint www.sdvoice.info

A LOOK BACK:

Past MLK Parades H

ighlights from past parades and community celebrations are included here on pages 16 - 17, along with a history of the Annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Parade written by the late Dr. Robert Matthews, who gave more than 30 years of leadership to the event.

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THE LOCAL

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

MLK DAY PARADE ROUTE

MLK Parade 42ND ANNUAL

History

in San Diego T

By the Late Dr. Robert Matthews Added notes by Dr. John E. Warren

he Martin Luther King, Jr. Parade in San Diego started in 1980 at the Knox Elementary School on 49th Street. It was organized by Dr. Francine Wells. This was before there was a Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday or even a desire in San Diego to name a street after Dr. King, as so many other cities had done. The Knox Elementary School parade, which started on the school playground, was led by Dr. Goodwin, then Superintendent of Schools for San Diego. In 1981, a committee was formed to continue the parade. It was funded by the National Christian Foundation until 1985. It was in 1986 that the Alpha Phi Fraternity took on the responsibility of coordinating the parade. Dr. Carol Reeves and Dr. Robert are the only original Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity brothers who remain on the Parade Committee. Prior to the creation of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National holiday, all parades of significance in San Diego were held on Broadway. As a means of validating Dr. King, the Parade moved from the community route which had grown to include 47th St., Imperial Avenue to Euclid Avenue and Euclid Avenue to Logan to downtown Broadway. After the establishment of the Federal Holiday in honor of Dr. King, all parades downtown were moved to Harbor Drive, with the exception of the King Parade. The initial reason was that the other parades took place during the week and did not interfere with cruise ship schedules as the industry began to grow in San Diego. The King Parade ended up marching around Petco Park’s Parking lot, which was a disgrace to many. After more talks with the San Diego Port Authority, it was agreed that the parade could take place on Harbor Drive on Sunday afternoons until this day.

The poor in America know that they live in the richest nation in the world... –MLK

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Parade Celebrate the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on Harbor Drive for the 42nd Annual Martin Luther King Jr. Parade! This is one of the largest celebrations of its kind in the United States in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The parade is filled with dazzling floats, phenomenal High School Bands, Drill Teams, Colleges/Universities, Fraternities, Sororities, Churches, Peace and Youth organizations. This parade is coordinated by the Zeta Sigma Lambda Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., the oldest African American fraternity in America, founded in 1906. The seven men who founded this organization at Cornell University in Ithaca New York recognized the need for a strong bond of Brotherhood among African descendants in this country. Dr. King was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha. Come and join your community and help continue the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. This event supports scholarship opportunities for the youth of San Diego. For more information, visit https://www.sandiegoalphas.com/ mlk-parade.

MLK DAY PARADE INFORMATION Sunday, January 14th, 2024 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM Harbor Drive - Embarcadero Harbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92101

Thursday, JANUARY 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

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REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. King’s Historic San Diego Speech By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

May 29, 1964 - Delivered in San Diego, CA at Point Loma Nazarene University to a crowd of nearly 3,500. At the time, San Diego was known as the “Mississippi of the West.” The phrase was coined by the Reverend Dr. George Stevens, former CORE chair and NAACP president, and Dr. Carrol W. Waymon, founder of the San Diego State College Black History Department:

The great challenge facing every man and every woman today is to remain awake through this great social revolution... Somewhere we must come to see that human progress never rolls in on the wheels of inevitability. It comes through the tireless efforts and the persistent work of dedicated individuals who are willing to be co-workers with God... It may be true that morality cannot be legislated, but behavior can be regulated. It may be true that the law cannot change the heart but it can restrain the heartless. It may be true that the law can’t make a man love me, but it can restrain him from lynching me.

“

And so, while the law may not change the hearts of men, it does change the habits of men. – MLK

THE ROAD TO A

”

NATIONAL KING HOLIDAY

BLACK

EDUCATORS

N E T W O R K I N G

E V E N T

Schwartz Square | February 9, 2024 | 6pm – 9pm Join us for our second annual Black Educators Networking Event as part of Black History Month.

Event includes a JOB FAIR WITH CAREER OPPORTUNITIES.

Build your network and meet educators from area colleges, universities, and K12. Enjoy food, music, networking, prizes, and more!

Don’t wait. Register today. Tickets are limited.

Featured Guests: John Parker, DBA

Shakerra Carter, Ed.D.

Vice President of Administrative Services San Diego City College

Vice President of Student Services (VPSS) San Diego College of Continuing Education (SDCCE)

Larry Maxey

Charlie Ng

Vice President, Student Services San Diego Mesa College

Vice President Human Resources Mira Costa College

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The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

KING’S VIETNAM SPEECH:

A Controversial Intersection of War and Civil Rights

Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that. –MLK

Revisiting the Reverend's Impact on the Vietnam War and Its Repercussions on Civil Rights ilar concerns.

By Shawn Smith-Hill Contributing Writer

King’s disapproval of the methods used by U.S. forces during the war outlined a growing sense of despair and lack of morals as the media continued to broadcast the war. Dr. King's assertion that the Vietnam War hindered social progress in the United States and obstructed the path to equality for African Americans remains a controversial stance. The speech drew a connection between the futility of the war and the barriers to achieving justice and equality for minority communities in America.

n a landmark speech delivered at Riverside Church in New York City on April 4, 1967, the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. took a bold step, intertwining his personal opposition to the Vietnam War with the ongoing struggle for civil rights in the United States. The fusion of two distinct public issues sparked intense reactions with critics arguing that it risked doing a disservice to both causes. The reactions were swift and varied. Some 168 major publications at the time, including The New York Times, criticized the speech with a harsh verdict. During a time when the U.S. was already under scrutiny for its actions in the war, King’s call to stop aggressions was seen as anti-patriotic by many. The Washington Post went as far as declaring, “He has diminished his usefulness to his cause, to his country and to his people.” The Johnson White House distanced itself from King, leading to a strained relationship. Critics argued that the moral issues in Vietnam were less clear cut than Dr. King suggested, and they questioned the political strategy of uniting the peace movement and the civil rights movement. A 1967 New York Times editorial entitled "Dr. King's Error," expressed sim-

As the world grapples with ongoing wars and conflicts, Dr. King's speech holds contemporary relevance. The intersection of war and social justice remains a pressing concern globally. In today's climate, where conflicts persist and calls for justice reverberate, Dr. King's legacy extends beyond his iconic civil rights activism and "I Have a Dream" message.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speaking to newsmen in Newark, N.J., on March 27, 1968. King is saying that he is "disenchanted" with President Johnson's Vietnam policies and may endorse either Sen. Robert Kennedy or Sen. Eugene McCarthy for the Democratic Presidential nomination. PHOTO: AP

The reactions to Dr. King's Vietnam speech highlight the challenges of addressing both domestic civil rights issues and international conflicts. As we reflect on this pivotal moment in history, the speech prompts us to consider the complexities of activism, the consequences of merging disparate causes, and the enduring impact of Dr. King's legacy on social justice movements worldwide.

Thursday, JANUARY 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

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REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Discovering Our Local MLK Murals Continued from Cover

EUCLID AVENUE OFF I-15 AND MLK JR. HWY The most notable of these murals is the “Power to the People” visual located between Interstate 15 and Euclid Avenue off of Highway 94, also known as “MLK Jr. Hwy”. The mural was created by Phillip Matzigkeit

in 2005 and spans almost 20 feet high and 225 feet long. The mural highlights MLK in three segments, one of them capturing his “I Have A Dream” speech. The significance of the particular location of this mural is large as it comes after a his-

tory of controversy surrounding renaming California Highway 94 to MLK Jr Fwy. In Spring of 1986, the San Diego City Council voted against a name change for Highway 94. Instead they voted to change Market Street to Martin Luther King Way and a little over a year later, local voters pivoted on their decision in a referendum that restored the Market Street name. The city went back and forth deciding whether MLK should be honored with a statue in Balboa Park, by adding his name on the Convention Center, or by pushing to have the name of the Highway changed yet again.

Eventually, Assemblyman Pete Chacon and State Senator Wadie P. Deddeh pushed for the renaming of Highway 94 and the Legislature approved the request with the provision that private donations would be needed to pay for the new signage. It was then that The Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway Committee was formed to raise funds for these efforts.

“Power to the People” mural located between Interstate 15 and Euclid Avenue off of Highway 94

BARRIO LOGAN Two more of the notable murals dedicated to MLK in San Diego are located near Barrio Logan. One of them is on the corner of 32nd Street and Imperial Avenue and features a number of famous activists, including Martin Luther King Jr. The mural was originally created in 1986 and was restored in 2002 by well known artist Mario Torero who has completed a number of well known murals throughout San Diego. Torero took a grassroots approach to restoring the mural with the help of a GoFundMe campaign and a few local supporters and friends.

NATIONAL CITY

OCEAN VIEW BLVD AND 35TH STREET

As previously mentioned, artist Mario Terero is known for several of his murals throughout the city. His second mural of Martin Luther King Jr. can be found on one of four panels mounted on the exterior of the San Ysidro Health-South Bay Health Center located at 330 E. Eighth St. in National City. The vibrant colors and elevated surface of the panel give this particular mural extra flair which is perfect for its prime location. Terero completed the mural with the help of Blue Shield of California Promise Health Plan which provided a $15,000 sponsorship to local nonprofit ‘A Reason To Survive’ to purchase supplies and commission an artist.

The third mural highlighting Martin Luther King Jr. is located between the intersection of Ocean View Boulevard and 35th Street and was created by artist Rik Erickson who has also completed a number of murals in San Diego. His visual dedication to Martin Luther King Jr. was commissioned by the City of San Diego Graffiti Division. Ocean View Boulevard and 35th Street mural

PHOTOS: Aryka Randall

32nd Street and Imperial Avenue activist mural

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MLK mural at South Bay Health Center located at 330 E. Eighth S

OAK PARK The last and arguably most hidden mural of MLK in San Diego is located in Oak Park at Redwood and 54th street behind on the backside of a business. The mural was created by David Mena as a way to honor the late civil rights activist and to restore the building which had been vandalized several times in the past. The mural was completed in 2021 and has not been vandalized since its completion. Remembering the contributions Martin Luther King Jr. made to society and the Civil Rights movement are important. Seeing him immortalized in the form of art in some of the most culture rich areas in San Diego is a nice reminder of how far equality has come with the help of great leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

MLK mural in Oak Park at Redwood and 54th

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The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

California Black Media Political Playback: News You Might Have Missed By Tanu Henry, Magaly Muñoz and Joe W. Bowers Jr. California Black Media

Sec. of State Weber Will Appeal Ruling Allowing Asm. Vince Fong to Run for Two Seats in Same Election

PHOTO: California Black Media

REPORT:

Police Officers Stop Black Californians 132% More Than Expected A California Department of Justice (DOJ) report released last week states that African Americans in California are stopped by law enforcement officers 132% more than expected, based on a comparison of stop data and residential population. The findings were included in the DOJ’s Race and Identity Profiling Advisory (RIPA) Board’s seventh annual report. The report analyzes millions of vehicle and pedestrian stops conducted in 2022 by 560 law enforcement agencies in the state. Established in 2016 as a result of Assembly Bill (AB) 953 written by former Assemblymember Shirley Weber (D-San Diego), RIPA aims to eliminate racial and identity profiling and foster diversity and racial and identity sensitivity within law enforcement. Black individuals made up 12.5% of stopped people analyzed in the report, with Hispanic/

Latinos making up about 43% and Whites making up 32.5% of people. In a statement released Wednesday, Attorney General Rob Bonta commented on the guidance that RIPA has given to the state in the report. “The annual collection of the RIPA stop data is making California communities safer by directing thoughtful and reflective reform,” said Bonta. But not everyone agrees that the data presented by RIPA is accurate or informative. The Peace Officers Research Association of California (PORAC), an organization that represents 80,000 public safety members and over 950 associations, said the report “does not capture enough information for the Board to even satisfy California’s own legal standard for determining racial profiling.”

In a statement, California Secretary of State Shirley Weber said she will appeal a California Superior Court decision that allows Republican Assemblymember Vince Fong (R-Bakersfield) to run for seats in the United States Congress and the California State Legislature at the same time in the March 2024 primary election. “I strongly disagree with the outcome of this case, and I am gravely concerned about the consequences of today’s ruling,” Weber said. “I do agree, however, with the Court’s ex-

pressed concern that this ruling ‘may result in voter confusion and the disenfranchisement of voters if Fong is ultimately elected for both offices but does not retain one.” Fong is running for the seat currently held by his one-time boss, former U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Kevin McCarthy (D-CA-20). He is also in the race to retain his current seat in the Assembly representing the 32nd District, which covers parts of Kern and Tulare counties.

Proposal to Create University of California Online Could Generate Hundreds of Millions of Dollars As of the time this news brief was written, the Secretary of State (SOS) of California had not yet declared it eligible, but a proposal to establish the University of California Online (UCO) as its own semi-autonomous institution may appear on the Nov. 5, 2024, ballot as an “initiated constitutional amendment.” Last week, the state’s nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office (LAO) released its analysis

of the measure that will create the UCO as an institution administered by the University of California (UC). In a letter to Attorney General Rob Bonta, the LAO said creating the virtual university exposes the state to some financial costs and risks initially, but California could generate hundreds of millions of dollars to “low billions of dollars” in revenue every year.

California Concealed-Carry Law Numbers of Infections, Hospitalizations Creep Up Blocked … for the Second Time COVID IN CALIFORNIA:

Almost a year after California officially ended its State of Emergency declared in response to the outbreak of the Coronavirus in the United States in 2020, COVID-related hospitalizations and infections have begun to slightly increase– sometimes in combination with the flu. According to the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) for the week ending

Dec. 23, there were 3279 coronavirus-positive patients, which was 14% higher than the week before. That spike is the highest recorded over the last 10 months.

Senate Bill (SB) 2, California’s controversial conceal-carry permit law that took effect Jan. 1, has been blocked for a second time now.

Despite the increase in numbers in some places in California, officials say the state’s overall infection and hospitalization rates are lower than last year.

SB 2 prohibits gun owners from carrying their concealed firearms at most public places and gatherings, including religious institutions, banks, hospitals, parks and other

venues.

On Jan. 6, a 9th Circuit Court of Appeals lifted a temporary hold on a lower court injunction that blocked the law. This most recent decision upholds a Dec. 20 ruling issued by U.S. District Judge Cormac Carney that blocked the law.

Thursday, JANUARY 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 9 Intriguing Facts about Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born with a different name.

The President of Howard University inspired Dr. King to study nonviolence

Dr. King was born Michael King on January 15, 1929. A few years later, his father, also named King wrote in his first book, Stride Michael King, changed his name to Martin Luther Toward Freedom that, “one Sunday King, Sr., in honor of the German Protestant afternoon” he heard a sermon by reformer, Martin Luther. the president of Howard King’s father changed University, Dr. Mordecai his son’s name to Martin He gave over 2,500 Johnson, delivered at Luther King, Jr. speeches over his lifetime. the Fellowship House of

He led the Civil Rights Movement for nearly 13 years

For approximately 12 years and 4 months, from his election as spokesman for the Montgomery Improvement Association in December of 1955 until his assassination on April 4, 1968.

The “I Have a Dream” Speech was less than 20 minutes long. The speech clocks in at 17 minutes. In 1999 a panel of over 130 scholars rated it as the best political speech of the 20th century, ranking No. 1 and beating out John F. Kennedy’s 1961 inaugural address.

Our Negro National Anthem Something That Everyone Should Know?

Philadelphia. Johnson had just returned from India and that day he spoke about Gandhi’s campaigns of nonviolent resistance to British colonialism. King said, “His message was so profound and electrifying that I left the meeting and bought a half-dozen books on Gandhi’s life and works.” From that point on King integrated Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolent resistance into his Christian beliefs.

He didn’t plan to become a Civil Rights leader.

King wanted to be a pastor of a church, work on his PhD thesis, raise a family, and perhaps teach and write about theological and philosophical issues. In 1955, his destiny was sealed by the social and political events of history, when local Southern African American leaders chose him to serve as their spokesman for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

He was arrested 30 times. Dr. King’s parents were the most influential people in his life.

King credited his mother Alberta Williams King, his father Martin Luther King Sr., and Jesus Christ as the central influences on the development of his faith, character and moral principles. Mahatma Gandhi, his mentor Dr. Benjamin Mays, theologians Walter Rauschenbusch, Reinhold Niebuhr and Howard Thurman He graduated from Morehouse were also major influences.

College in 1948 at the age of 19.

Source: The King Center www.thekingcenter.org

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The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

HEALTHY LIVING

Health Crisis Looms CDC Issues Stark Warning Amidst Rising Tide of COVID and Flu Cases By Stacy M. Brown NNPA National Correspondent

looming healthcare crisis is on the horizon as hospitals and emergency rooms face the potential need to ration care by the month’s end, according to a chilling advisory from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC’s latest briefing underscores the swift escalation in COVID-19 hospitalizations, with a particular focus on the surge in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Simultaneously, influenza is gaining momentum nationwide, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) continues to pose a significant threat in multiple regions. Several reports noted that pediatric hospitals are grappling with a near-maximum patient load, mirroring the levels witnessed this time last year. Emergency room visits for school-age

children have undergone an alarming, nearly twofold increase, driven chiefly by a surge in flu cases. Strikingly, influenza-related emergency room visits have now eclipsed those for COVID-19 across most age groups, with seniors being the sole exception where COVID19 rates remain markedly higher. Nursing homes also are reportedly witnessing a sharp uptick in reported COVID-19 cases. The emergence of the JN.1 COVID variant contributes significantly to the current wave of infections, estimated to comprise up to 29% of cases nationwide—a stark increase from 8.8% at the close of November. According to the CDC’s projections, JN.1, a direct descendant of the highly mutated BA. 2.86 variant, has become the swiftest-growing variant in the United States. While a World Health Organization panel asserts that JN.1’s alterations do not warrant a revision to this season’s vaccines, initial data raises concerns

PHOTO: Pixabay

about reduced vaccine efficacy against this variant. Despite the situation’s urgency, the CDC said vaccination rates are experiencing an unprecedented decline. With only a third of nursing home residents and less than 10% of staff receiving the COVID-19 vaccine this season, Dr. Mandy Cohen, Director of the CDC, expressed deep concern. She emphasizes the

crucial role of vaccinations as the peak of the respiratory virus season looms, especially among high-risk groups. The CDC emphasized the importance of staying updated on vaccinations against respiratory viruses. Beyond COVID-19 and influenza, a global uptick in pneumonia cases in children is also under scrutiny, officials asserted.

EDUCATION

How to Support Early Readers at Home who run programming and events designed to entertain and educate kids of all ages, while developing a lifelong love of reading. In addition to programs such as seasonal reading challenges and story time, some branches also provide free homework help and host events for kids covering everything from STEM topics to music and art. Be sure to check out books with every visit!

Dr. Chau also recommends checking in with your child’s teacher periodically to assess their progress in school and to learn how you can support your child at home. “A lot of what it takes to prepare your child for future reading success can be supplemented outside the classroom, particularly with recommendations from the teacher,” says Chau.

A heartfelt tale of belonging, love and survival

PHOTO: Frepik

By Statepoint Recent data indicate that over 60% of fourth graders in the United States are reading below grade level, with performance particularly low due to the lingering effects of the pandemic. The good news? Learning experts say that the trend is reversible. One key factor is to make sure that young children have a strong foundation in early language skills when they begin kindergarten. Here are a few tools and ideas for supporting the literacy journey at home and on-the-go:

Make Reading Playful Interactive learning tools can go beyond drills and practice and make learning fun while building confidence and independence. “Tapping to hear words sounded out helps children gain independent reading skills and an understanding of how print works,” says Dr. Clement Chau, vice president of learning at LeapFrog. “Getting kids excited about reading through play helps set the stage for reading success before kids even learn how to spell words.” When teaching children to read, one technique that teachers like to use is to slide a finger below each word in a sentence as it is read aloud. This helps young children connect spoken words with words on a page. A strong foundation for reading starts with knowing the letters and letter sounds. “By practicing

stroke order and hearing letter sounds aloud, children will begin to map letters to the sounds they represent,” says Chau.

Story Time One other simple way to build reading fundamentals is by making your child a card-carrying member of the library. Most public library systems have dedicated children’s librarians

SAN DIEGO COUNTY

COVID-19 STATUS

By LYNN NOTTAGE Directed by JASMINE BRACEY Two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning dramatist Lynn Nottage has stitched together a compelling tale with an array of characters whose intertwining relationships are told with humor, heartbreak, and resiliency. A powerful American story!

NOW – FEBRUARY 4

TEST POSITIVITY

13.8%

TOTAL HOSPITALIZED

189

7-day average daily census; 5.8 (per 100k) TOTAL DEATHS

181

fiscal year-to-date; 8.5 (4-week average); 2.6 (per million) SOURCE: County of San Diego, Last updated 1/4/2023

(858) 481-1055 | northcoastrep.org group sales (858) 481-2155, x202

Thursday, January 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info Classified ads can be placed in person, by phone, fax, or email Monday-Thursday 9:30 a.m. - 3:30 p.m. P:619-266-2233 F:619-266-0533 E:ads@sdvoice.info

LEGAL NOTICES

NOTICE TO PROPOSERS January 04, 2029 NOTICE IS HEREBY 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 GIVENthat the City of San ----------------------------------Diego (City) is seeking to NAME STATEMENT receive Electronic Proposals 2024-9000435 for the below named Request Fictitious business name(s): for Proposal (RFP). Collective Impact The solicitation may be Center obtained from the City's Located at: website at: 3295 Meade Avenue https://www.sandiego.gov/cip/ San Diego, CA 92116 bidopps County of San Diego RFP Title: CM for Alvarado This business is 2nd Extension Pipeline conducted by: Contract Number(s): A Corporation H2426367, The first day of business was: Consultant Fee Range: 10/2/2018 Between 8 million and 10 This business is hereby million registered by the following: Pre-Proposal Meeting Date: Christ United Methodist Tuesday, January 23, 2024, Ministry Center at 10:00:00 AM 3295 Meade Avenue Proposal Due Date: San Diego, CA 92116 Wednesday, February 21, This statement was filed with 2024, at 4:00 P.M. the Recorder/County Clerk of It is the policy of the City of San Diego County on San Diego to encourage January 08, 2024 equal opportunity in its This fictitious business name Construction and Consultant will expire on contracts. Bids or proposals January 08, 2029 from local firms, small, 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 minority-owned, disabled, ----------------------------------veteran-owned, and womenNAME STATEMENT owned businesses are 2023-9024772 strongly encouraged. Fictitious business name(s): Consultants are encouraged Sabor Deli to subcontract with and/or Located at: participate in joint ventures 2707 Boston Ave. with these firms. The City is San Diego, CA 92113 committed to equal County of San Diego opportunity and will not --discriminate on the basis of 224 47th St. Apt. C race, gender, gender San Diego, CA 92102 expression, gender identity, County of San Diego religion, national origin, This business is ethnicity, sexual orientation, conducted by: age, or disability; and will not An Individual do business with any firm that Registrant has not yet begun discriminates on any basis. to transact business under the Proposals shall be received name(s) above no later than the date and This business is hereby time noted above at: registered by the following: City of San Diego's Electronic Hugo A. Flores Soto Proposal Site – PlanetBids at: 3047 University Ave. Ste. 201 https://www.planetbids.com/p San Diego, CA 92104 ortal/portal.cfm?companyID=1 This statement was filed with 7950. the Recorder/County Clerk of Claudia Abarca, Director San Diego County on Purchasing & Contracting December 11, 2023 Department This fictitious business name Thursday, January 4, 2024 will expire on 1/11/24 December 11, 2028 CNS-3770260# 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 VOICE & VIEWPOINT NEWS -----------------------------------

NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025174 Fictitious business name(s): Evari Consulting, INC NAME STATEMENT Located at: 2023-9025266 3047 University Ave. Ste. 201 Fictitious business name(s): San Diego, CA 92104 Leihua's Home County of San Diego Located at: This business is 6044 Fulmar Street conducted by: San Diego, CA 92114 A Corporation County of San Diego Registrant has not yet begun --to transact business under the 1640 Republic Street name(s) above San Diego, CA 92114 This business is hereby County of San Diego registered by the following: This business is Evari Gis Consulting INC. conducted by: 3047 University Ave. Ste. 201 A Limited Liability Company San Diego, CA 92104 Registrant has not yet begun This statement was filed with to transact business under the the Recorder/County Clerk of name(s) above San Diego County on This business is hereby December 15, 2023 registered by the following: This fictitious business name Tamarack Enterprises LLC will expire on 640 Republic Street December 15, 2028 San Diego, CA 92114 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 This statement was filed with ----------------------------------the Recorder/County Clerk of NAME STATEMENT San Diego County on 2023-9025472 December 19, 2023 Fictitious business name(s): This fictitious business name Flavour Packaging will expire on Located at: December 19, 2028 1423 N. Cuyamaca St. 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 El Cajon, CA 92020 ----------------------------------County of San Diego NAME STATEMENT --2024-9000259 7918 El Cajon Blvd. Ste N175 Fictitious business name(s): La Mesa, CA 91942 The Hot Suite County of San Diego Located at: This business is 4730 Palm Ave. 206B conducted by: La Mesa, CA 91941 A Corporation County of San Diego Registrant has not yet begun --to transact business under the 4630 Date Ave. name(s) above La Mesa, CA 91941 This business is hereby County of San Diego registered by the following: This business is Bonton Capital Corporation conducted by: 9463 Mesa Vista Ave. A Limited Liability Company La Mesa, CA 91941 Registrant has not yet begun This statement was filed with to transact business under the the Recorder/County Clerk of name(s) above San Diego County on This business is hereby December 21, 2023 registered by the following: This fictitious business name Meet + Play Cafe LLC will expire on 7918 El Cajon Blvd. Ste December 21, 2028 N#196 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 La Mesa, CA 91942 ----------------------------------This statement was filed with NAME STATEMENT the Recorder/County Clerk of 2024-9000069 San Diego County on Fictitious business name(s): January 04, 2024 Ethos Alchemy This fictitious business name Located at: will expire on

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME

• Full Name • Billing address • Date(s) you want the ad to appear • Contact phone number

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CLASSIFIEDS / LEGAL NOTICES NOTICE TO BIDDERS

Include the following information:

Deadline is Tuesdays by NOON to run that week. • Name Change:$85.00 (4 weeks) • Standard Classified: $3.75 a line • Summons: $130.00 (4 weeks) • Fictitious Business Name: $25.00 (4 weeks)

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1470 Sunset Cliffs Blvd Ocean Beach, CA 92107 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Emily Cristina McGee 1470 Sunset Cliffs Blvd Ocean Beach, CA 92107 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 02, 2024 This fictitious business name will expire on January 02, 2029 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2024-9000237 Fictitious business name(s): Pivotal HR Partners Located at: 2095 Bravo Loop Unit 6 Chula Vista, CA 91915 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Stephanie Brogan 2095 Bravo Loop Unit 6 Chula Vista, CA 91915 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 04, 2024 This fictitious business name will expire on January 04, 2029 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2024-9000214 Fictitious business name(s): El Charracas Plumbing Located at: 3757 Menlo Avenue San Diego, CA 92105 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: J A H Enterprises INC. 3757 Menlo Avenue San Diego, CA 92105 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 04, 2024 This fictitious business name will expire on January 04, 2029 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025904 Fictitious business name(s): Serene Noir Travel Agency Located at: 421 Broadway, Suite 421 San Diego, CA 92101 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Hellon Family Ventures LLC 421 Broadway, Suite 421 San Diego, CA 92101 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 29, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 29, 2028 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025743 Fictitious business name(s): Viera Located at: 574 Casselman St. #32 Chula Vista, CA 91910 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 12/27/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following: Vivian M. Guerra 574 Casselman St. #32 Chula Vista, CA 91910 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on

December 27, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 27, 2028 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2024-9000187 Fictitious business name(s): T&T Trans Located at: 12087 Calle De Medio #122 El Cajon, CA 92019 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 01/03/2024 This business is hereby registered by the following: Sam Joseph Younan 12087 Calle De Medio #122 El Cajon, CA 92019 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 04, 2024 This fictitious business name will expire on January 04, 2029 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2024-9000516 Fictitious business name(s): Bubbles Way Car Wash & Detail Located at: 3655 Mission Ave Oceanside, CA 92058 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 01/01/2024 This business is hereby registered by the following: Bubbles Way Inc. 3655 Mission Ave Oceanside, CA 92058 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 09, 2024 This fictitious business name will expire on January 09, 2029 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2024-9000045 Fictitious business name(s): Excel Preferred Realty Located at: 2038 Sequoia Crest Vista, CA 92081 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 4/27/2017 This business is hereby registered by the following: Jim Fishinger Real Estate INC. 2038 Sequoia Crest Vista, CA 92081 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 02, 2024 This fictitious business name will expire on January 02, 2029 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2024-9000131 Fictitious business name(s): Tainos De Puerto Rico Located at: 5952 Potomac Street San Diego, CA 92139 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Raquel Garcia 5952 Potomac Street San Diego, CA 92139 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 03, 2024 This fictitious business name will expire on January 03, 2029 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025785 Fictitious business name(s): Acosta Group Located at: 3987 Broadlawn St. San Diego, CA 92111 County of San Diego --1041 Market Street Suite 165 San Diego, CA 92101 County of San Diego

This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company The first day of business was: 12/27/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following: AO Endeavors LLC. 3987 Broadlawn St. San Diego, CA 92111 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 27, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 27, 2028 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025859 Fictitious business name(s): Compass Military Division Located at: 1920 Fort Stockton Dr. Ste. C San Diego, CA 92103 County of San Diego --1041 Market Street Suite 165 San Diego, CA 92101 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company The first day of business was: 5/8/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following: No Price Tag LLC. 1920 Fort Stockton Dr. Ste. C San Diego, CA 92103 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 28, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 28, 2028 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025300 Fictitious business name(s): Elias Mora Foundation Located at: 1041 Market Street Suite 165 San Diego, CA 92101 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 12/14/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following: Em Foundation INC 1041 Market Street Suite 165 San Diego, CA 92101 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 19, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 19, 2028 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025906 Fictitious business name(s): ZhaneElite Body & Beauty Located at: 7733 Palm Street Lemon Grove, CA 91945 County of San Diego --3909 Mt. Ainsworth Ave. San Diego, CA 92111 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 02/02/2021 This business is hereby registered by the following: Kai Zhane Harris 3909 Mt. Ainsworth Ave. San Diego, CA 92111 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 29, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 29, 2028 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025863 Fictitious business name(s): Annorlunda Enterprises --Annorlunda Books --MRN Consulting Located at: 2484 Cowley Way San Diego, CA 92110 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 11/16/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following:

Melanie Nelson 2484 Cowley Way San Diego, CA 92110 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 28, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 28, 2028 1/04, 1/11, 1/18, 1/25 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025348 Fictitious business name(s): RSL Education Consulting Services Located at: 1431 Mary Lou St. San Diego, CA 92102 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Rashida Lavender 1431 Mary Lou St. San Diego, CA 92102 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 20, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 20, 2028 1/04, 1/11, 1/18, 1/25 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025618 Fictitious business name(s): XLNC Exotic Homes --XLNC --XLNC INC Located at: 9810 Scripps Lake Dr. Suite -F San Diego, CA 92131 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: XLNC Exotic INC 9810 Scripps Lake Dr. Suite -F San Diego, CA 92131 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 22, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 22, 2028 12/28, 1/04, 1/11, 1/18 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025137 Fictitious business name(s): Orderly House Located at: 1510 Grady Place Carlsbad, CA 92008 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Louisa Natalie Evans 1510 Grady Place Carlsbad, CA 92008 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 15, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 15, 2028 12/28, 1/04, 1/11, 1/18 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025387 Fictitious business name(s): MS Solution Service LLC Located at: 7317 El Cajon Blvd Ste 202 La Mesa, CA 91942 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: MS Solution Services LLC 7317 El Cajon Blvd Ste 202 La Mesa, CA 91942 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 20, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 20, 2028 12/28, 1/04, 1/11, 1/18

NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025241 Fictitious business name(s): Webnelshor Located at: 3468 Citrus Street Suite I Lemon Grove, CA 91945 County of San Diego --4150 Bonillo Dr. San Diego, CA 92115 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 12/18/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following: Webnelshor 3468 Citrus Street Suite I Lemon Grove, CA 91945 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 18, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 18, 2028 12/28, 1/04, 1/11, 1/18 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025235 Fictitious business name(s): Twisted Creations Located at: 3468 Citrus Street Lemon Grove, CA 91945 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company The first day of business was: 09/01/2019 This business is hereby registered by the following: Twisted Creations 3468 Citrus Street Lemon Grove, CA 91945 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 18, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 18, 2028 12/28, 1/04, 1/11, 1/18 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025277 Fictitious business name(s): Poseidon Aviation Located at: 11921 Carmel Creek Rd. Apt. 207 San Diego, CA 92130 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 09/25/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following: Gaetano James Basile 11921 Carmel Creek Rd. San Diego, CA 92130 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 19, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 19, 2028 12/28, 1/04, 1/11, 1/18 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025064 Fictitious business name(s): El Elyon Business Solutions Located at: 9051 Mira Mesa Boulevard #262517 San Diego, CA 92126 County of San Diego --P.O. Box 262517 San Diego, CA 92126 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: El Elyon Business Solutions 9051 Mira Mesa Boulevard #262517 San Diego, CA 92126 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 14, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 14, 2028 12/28, 1/04, 1/11, 1/18 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9025000 Fictitious business name(s): Dr.Quassy Al Kaissey DDS INC Located at: 236 Jamacha Rd. Ste. 101 El Cajon, CA 92019

County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 12/01/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following: Dr.Qussay Al Kaissey DDS INC 236 Jamacha Rd. Ste. 101 El Cajon, CA 92019 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 14, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 14, 2028 12/21, 12/28, 1/04, 1/11 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9024598 Fictitious business name(s): Our Infinite Nature Located at: 3441 Arborview Dr. San Marcos, CA 92078 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Rachael Adira Cohen 3441 Arborview Dr. San Marcos, CA 92078 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 07, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 07, 2028 12/21, 12/28, 1/04, 1/11 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9024631 Fictitious business name(s): Stucco Maestro Top of the Line Everytime Located at: 7560 Central Ave. Lemon Grove, CA 91945 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 09/24/2013 This business is hereby registered by the following: Marcus A. Ojeda 7560 Central Ave. Lemon Grove, CA 91945 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 07, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 07, 2028 12/21, 12/28, 1/04, 1/11 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9024852 Fictitious business name(s): Breaking Black Consulting --Breaking Black Merch --Breaking Black Acadeny --Imarketplace --Lily's Custom Designs --Breaking Black Ventures Located at: 2287 Dunlop St #12 San Diego, CA 92111 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability The first day of business was: 12/12/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following: Breaking Black Ventures LLC 2287 Dunlop St #12 San Diego, CA 92111 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 12, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 12, 2028 12/21, 12/28, 1/04, 1/11 ----------------------------------NAME STATEMENT 2023-9024684 Fictitious business name(s): Elite Botanicals Located at: 920 Rangeview St Spring Valley, CA 91922 County of San Diego

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The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

ADVERTISEMENT FOR BIDS

LEGAL NOTICES

Advertisement for Bids Notice is hereby given that the San Diego Unified School District, acting by and through its governing board, will electronically receive bids for the furnishing of all labor, materials, transportation, equipment, and services to: REMOVE AND REPLACE PLAYGROUND MATTING GROUP 1 A mandatory site visit is scheduled for 8:30 a.m. on FRIDAY, JANUARY 19, 2024, outside the main office of Bethune Elementary School, 6835 Benjamin Holt Road, San Diego, CA 92114. Upon completion of the first site, contractors shall proceed to the next site in the listed order: Green Elementary School, 7030 Wandermere Dr., San Diego, CA 92119, Florence Elementary School, 3914 First Ave., San Diego, CA 92103, Angier Elementary School, 8450 Hurlbut St., San Diego, CA 92123, Ross Elementary School, 7470 Bagdad St., San Diego, CA 92111; Sessions Elementary School, 2150 Beryl St., San Diego, CA 92109. Contractors and subcontractors must preregister with the District prior to attending the site walk at sandiegounified.org/sitewalks. The Bid and Contract Documents may be downloaded free of charge at the District’s online Planroom at sandiegousdplans.com. All bids must be received electronically at or before 1:00 p.m. on FEBRUARY 2, 2024. Firms interested in submitting a bid package must go to tinyurl. com/SDUSD-PlanetBids then search under “Bid Opportunities” for “Invitation number” CP24-0728-05-00-00 Playground Matting Group 1. For new vendors, please register under “New Vendor Registration.” The project estimate is between $950,000 and $985,000. This is not a PSA project and does not require prequalification. The District requires that Bidders possess any of the following classification(s) of California State Contractors License(s), valid and in good standing, at the time of bid opening and contract award: A, C-61/D-34 or other appropriate license, subject to District approval. SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, George A. Harris III, Director, Fiscal Controls and Information Systems, Facilities Planning and Construction CP24-0728-05-00-00.

signing parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

(excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date.

the petitioner a written order with further directions.

Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

ADVERTISEMENT FOR BIDS Advertisement for Bids Notice is hereby given that the San Diego Unified School District, acting by and through its governing board, will electronically receive bids for the furnishing of all labor, materials, transportation, equipment, and services for: TIERRASANTA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL RESTROOM UPGRADES A mandatory site visit is scheduled for 1:00 p.m. on THURSDAY, JANUARY 18, 2024, outside the main office of Tierrasanta Elementary School, 5450 La Cuenta Drive, San Diego, CA 92124. Contractors and subcontractors must preregister with the District prior to attending the site walk at sandiegounified.org/sitewalks. The Bid and Contract Documents may be downloaded free of charge at the District’s online Planroom at sandiegousdplans.com. All bids must be received electronically at or before 1:00 p.m. on FEBRUARY 8, 2024. Firms interested in submitting a bid package must go to tinyurl.com/SDUSD-PlanetBids then search under “Bid Opportunities” for “Invitation number” CP24-0768-52-00-00 Tierrasanta Elementary School Restroom Upgrades. For new vendors, please register under “New Vendor Registration.” The project estimate is between $285,000 and $324,000. This is not a PSA project and does not require prequalification. The District requires that Bidders possess any of the following classification(s) of California State Contractors License(s), valid and in good standing, at the time of bid opening and contract award: B, or other appropriate license, subject to District approval. SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, George A. Harris III, Director, Fiscal Controls and Information Systems, Facilities Planning and Construction CP24-0768-52-00-00

ADVERTISEMENT FOR BIDS Advertisement for Bids Notice is hereby given that the San Diego Unified School District, acting by and through its governing board, will electronically receive bids for the furnishing of all labor, materials, transportation, equipment, and services to: SECURITY FENCING AND SINGLE POINT OF ENTRY AT ROLANDO PARK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL A mandatory site visit is scheduled for 9:00 a.m. on THURSDAY, JANUARY 18, 2024, outside the main office of Rolando Park Elementary School, 6620 Marlowe Drive, San Diego, CA 92115. Contractors and subcontractors must preregister with the District prior to attending the site walk at sandiegounified.org/sitewalks. The Bid and Contract Documents may be downloaded free of charge at the District’s online Planroom at sandiegousdplans.com. All bids must be received electronically at or before 1:00 p.m. on February 1, 2024. Firms interested in submitting a bid package must go to tinyurl.com/SDUSD-PlanetBids then search under “Bid Opportunities” for “Invitation number” CC24-0674-50-00-00 Security Fencing and Single Point of Entry at Rolando Park Elementary School. For new vendors, please register under “New Vendor Registration.” The project estimate is between $310,000 and 330,000. This is not a PSA project and does not require prequalification. The District requires that Bidders possess any of the following classification(s) of California State Contractors License(s), valid and in good standing, at the time of bid opening and contract award: A, or other appropriate license, subject to District approval. SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, George A. Harris III, Director, Fiscal Controls and Information Systems, Facilities Planning and Construction CC24-0674-50-00-00.

This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 11/28/2023 This business is hereby registered by the following: Marvin Angelo Vasquez 918 Rangeview St Spring Valley, CA 91922 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 08, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on December 08, 2028 12/21, 12/28, 1/04, 1/11

Abandonment of Fictitious Business Name STATEMENT OF ABANDONMENT OF USE OF FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME 2023-9025286 Fictitious business name(s) to be abandoned: The Chizzle Lounge --Next Level Photography and Videography Located at: 5545 Morro Way F7 La Mesa, CA 91942 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The Fictitious business name referred to above was filed in San Diego County on: 02/09/2022 and assigned File no. 2022-9003393 The fictitious business name is being abandoned by: Dorrion Marquise Torian 5545 Morro Way F7 La Mesa, CA 91942 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County December 19, 2023 1/04, 1/11, 1/18, 1/25

NAME CHANGE SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice 37-2024-00000008CU-PT-CTL Petitioner or Attorney: Gizzele Victoria Del Rosario Valencia To All Interested Persons: Petitioner

Gizzele Victoria Del Rosario Valencia filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows: PRESENT NAME: Gizzele Victoria Del Rosario Valencio PROPOSED NAME: Gizzele Victoria ValenciaDelgado THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING Date: February 21, 2024 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm) NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120). If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the

Petition will be mailed to the petitioner. To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required. A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies. If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions. If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions. A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date. Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other non-

The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Central Division Hall Of Justice 37-2024-00000018CU-PT-CTL Petitioner or Attorney: Joe Eatnet Lewis AKA Joe E. Lewis AKA Joe Lewis To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Joe Eatnet Lewis filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows: PRESENT NAME: Joe Eatnet Lewis AKA Joe E. Lewis AKA Joe Lewis PROPOSED NAME: Joseph Ernest Lewis THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING Date: February 14, 2024 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm) NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120). If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner. To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required. A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies. If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions. If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions. A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court. The address of the court is: 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 1/11, 1/18, 1/25, 2/01 ----------------------------------SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Central Division Hall Of Justice 37-2023-00050676CU-PT-CTL Petitioner or Attorney: Alyssa Colleen Cozzo To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Alyssa Colleen Cozzo filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows: PRESENT NAME: Alyssa Colleen Cozzo PROPOSED NAME: Alyssa Colleen Cerda THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING Date: February 07, 2024 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm) NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120). If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner. To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions. A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date. Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court. The address of the court is: 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 1/04, 1/11, 1/18, 1/25 ----------------------------------SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice Courthouse 37-2023-00054424CU-PT-CTL Petitioner or Attorney: Kathleen Marie Sax AKA Kathleen Marie Barbera To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Kathleen Marie Sax AKA Kathleen Marie Barbera filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows: PRESENT NAME: Kathleen Marie Sax AKA Kathleen Marie Barbera PROPOSED NAME: Caterina Marie Barbera THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING Date: January 30, 2024 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm) NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120). If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail

A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions. If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions. A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date. Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court. The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 12/21, 12/28, 1/04, 1/11 ----------------------------------SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice 37-2023-00053804CU-PT-CTL Petitioner or Attorney: Abby L. Ertz 256803 The Ertz Law Group To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Taylor Gothard and Timothy Humphrey filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows: PRESENT NAME: Isaiah Amir GothardHumphrey

A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies. If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions. If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions. A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date. Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court. The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 12/21, 12/28, 1/04, 1/11

Coming Soon... The Future is Now:

PROPOSED NAME: Isaiah Amir Humphrey

Documenting Change

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

Join Us

NOTICE OF HEARING Date: January 25, 2024 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm) NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

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February 02, 2024 6:00-8:00 pm Jacobs Center Tickets Available Now Phone: (619) 266- 2233 Email: ads@sdvoice.info

Honoring

Martin Luther King Jr. 01/15/1929 - 04/04/1968

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120). If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner. To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

“Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.”

Thursday, January 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

Calvary Baptist Church

CHURCH DIRECTORY

Bethel Baptist Church

Calvary Baptist Church

3085 K Street San Diego, CA 92102

1962 Euclid Ave. San Diego, CA 92105

719 Cesar E. Chavez Pkwy San Diego, CA 92113

619.232.0510 • www.bethelamesd.com

619.266.2411 • www.bethelbc.com bethel@bethelbc.com

619.233.6487 • www.calvarybcsd.org calvarybaptist1889@gmail.com

10:00 A.M. Sunday Service In Person, Live Stream on Facebook, Youtube and on bethelamesd.com

Dr. John W. Ringgold, Sr. Pastor

Church of Christ 580 69th Street, San Diego, CA 92114

Pastor Melvin A. Watts

Pastor Milton Chambers, Sr. & First Lady Alice Chambers

1728 S. 39th Street San Diego, CA 92113

605 S. 45th Street San Diego, CA 92113-1905

619.262.6004 • Fax 619.262.6014 www.embcsd.com

619.263.3097 • t.obie95@yahoo.com

Sunday School 9 :30 a.m. Sunday Worship 11:00 a.m. Wednesday Prayer & Bible Study 12 p.m. & 6:00 p.m.

Sunday School 9 :00 a.m. Sunday Morning Worship 10:30 a.m. Wednesday Prayer 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon Wednesday Bible Study 7:00 p.m.

Rev. Dr. Obie Tentman, Jr.

“A Life Changing Ministry” Romans 12:2

Macedonia Missionary Baptist Church

Mesa View Baptist Church

New Assurance Baptist Church

625 Quail Street San Diego, CA 92102

13230 Pomerado Road Poway, CA 92064

7024 Amherst Street San Diego, CA 92115

619.263.4544

858.485.6110 • www.mesaview.org Email: mvbcadmin@mesaview.org

619.469.4916 Email: newassurancebaptistchurch@yahoo.com

Sunday School 9 :30 a.m. Sunday Morning Service 11:00 a.m. Tuesday Bible Study & Prayer Meeting 12:00 noon & 6:00 p.m.

Pastor Dr. Darrow Perkins Jr.

We are using YouTube under our website of www.mesaview.org or www.YouTube.com 8:45 A.M. Sunday School Class - Via Zoom Call Contact Office for details 10 A.M. Sunday Service • 7 P.M. Wednesday Bible Study Visit our site for previous sermons: www.mesaview.org

Rev. Jared B. Moten, Senior Pastor

Sunday School: 9:30 a.m.- In person & Live Stream Sunday Morning Worship: 11:00 a.m.- In person & Live Stream Wednesday Night Bible Study & Prayer: 6:30 p.m.- In person & Live Stream

“A new Hope, A new Life, A new Way through Jesus Christ 2 Corinthians 5:17 A change is coming”

New Hope Friendship Missionary Baptist Church

Phillips Temple CME Church

Pilgrim Progressive Baptist Church

2205 Harrison Avenue San Diego, CA 92113

5333 Geneva Ave. San Diego, CA 92114

4995 A Street San Diego, CA 92102

619-234-5506 • Fax 619 234-8732 Email: newhopeadm@gmail.com

619.262.2505

619.264.3369

Sunday Breakfast @ 8:00 AM Church Service 9:00 AM In-Person and on, Live Stream Facebook.com/PTCSanDiego & YouTube - Zoom Go to ptcmesd@gmail.com Sunday School @ 10:30 Wednesday Bible Study @ 6:00 PM In-Person and On Zoom ID: 81144203904 P: 867104

Sunday School 9 :00 a.m. Morning Service 10:45 a.m. New Membership Orientation BTU 6:00 p.m. Wednesday Eve Prayer Service 6:00 p.m.

10 A.M. Sunday Service Live Stream on Facebook, Youtube, Sunday School Lesson Immediately following service. 12 P.M. Wednesday Bible Study Live Stream on Facebook, 2 P.M. on Youtube

Pastor Keith Eric Ellison

I was glad when they said to me, “Let us go to the house of the LORD!” Psalms 122:1

Rev. Jeffery L. Grant, Sr. Pastor

“A Church Where Family, Faith & Fellowship Matters”

Lively Stones Missionary Baptist Church

619.264.1454 • warnerdt1@aol.com

Minister Donald R. Warner Sr.

Sr. Pastor Dr. Kevin E. Stafford First Lady Margina Stafford

Sundays Bible Discovery Hour 9 :30 a.m. Mid Morning Worship 11:00 a.m. Wednesday Noon Day Bible Study 12:00 noon Wednesday Discipleship Training 7:00 p.m.

Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church Interim Pastor Rev. William Jones

Sunday Bible Study 8:45 a.m. Sunday Morning Service 10:00 a.m. Sunday Bible Class 5:00 p.m. Sunday Evening Worship 6:00 p.m. Wednesday Bible Class 7:00 p.m. Friday Video Bible Class 7:00 p.m

Sunday Morning Prayer 6:00 & Worship 7:30 a.m. Sunday School 9 :30 a.m. Morning Worship Youth & Children’s Church 11:00 a.m. Community Prayer (Hemera) Mon., Tues., Thurs., Fri., Sat. 7:30 a.m. Mon., Tues., Thurs., Fri. 7:30 p.m. Mid Week Prayer Wednesday 12:00 noon and 7:00 p.m.

Pastor Donnell and First Lady Sheila Townsend

“To Serve this present age” Matt: 28:19-20

St. Paul United Methodist Church of San Diego

Total Deliverance Worship Center

True Light Apostolic Church

3094 L Street San Diego, CA 92102

138 28th Street San Diego, CA 92102

5400 Division Street San Diego, CA 92114

619.232.5683

www.totaldeliverance.org Fax: 619.303.2008 Mail: 7373 University Ave. Suite 217, La Mesa, CA 91942

619.262.6924

9:30 A.M. Sunday Service In Person, Live Stream on Facebook - www.facebook.com/stpaulsumcsd Suffragan Bishop Dr. William A. Benson, Pastor & Dr. Rachelle Y. Benson, First Lady

Food Distribution Thursday Noon – 3:00 PM Diaper Program Thursday Noon – 2:00 PM

“Come Worship With Us”

Sunday Early Morning Worship Service 9:00 a.m. and 11:30 a.m.

“It Takes Team Work to Make the Dream Work”

Eagles Nest Christian Center 3619 College Ave. San Diego, CA 92115 619.266.2293 • jwarren@sdvoice.info www.facebook.com/EaglesNestChristianCenter

Sunday Services: Bible Study: 9 :00 a.m. • Worship: 11:00 a.m. Pastor Dr. John E. Warren

YOU CAN NOW EXPERIENCE EAGLE’S NEST TEACHINGS ON YOUTUBE! Search: Pastor John E. Warren San Diego

Join Us via Zoom Meeting: Online or Dial: 1(669) 900-6833 Meeting ID: 747 601 3471 • Passcode: 626024

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We are a non-denominational full fellowship of believers dedicated to reach our community with the gospel and providing a place for believers to workship, learn, fellowship, serve and grow into the fullness of Christ Jesus. This ministry is to build people of Purpose, Prayer, Power, Praise and Prosperity. This mandate is being fulfilled by reaching the reality of the gospel in a simplistic fashion, and a result, learning how to apply it in everyday life.

“We are waiting for You”

Voice &Viewpoint

Pastor Asa A. McClendon

12:00 P.M. Sunday Service In Person, Live Stream on Facebook Follow us on Facebook @ True Light Apostolic Church Saints every Wednesday & Friday at 7:30 P.M.

Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. Acts 2:38

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Rev. Harvey L. Vaughn, III

Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church of San Diego

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The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 11, 2024

OBITUARIES Eva Lee Wilson

James Hall

SUNRISE

04/21/1931

03/22/1946

SUNSET

12/09/2023

12/01/2023

Eva Lee Wilson was born on April 21, 1931, in Gadsden, Alabama, to Alfred and Ola Sims and she grew up as the second of nine children. The Sims family were devoted followers of Jesus Christ and attended Sweet Home Methodist church in Gadsden. In high school, she was voted May Queen, Prom Queen, and Football Queen, which earned her admiration and the nickname, "The Queen" for her accomplishments. Eva pursued a career in Nursing and graduated with honors from Grady Memorial Hospital. In her senior year, she was voted the nurse with the Best Bedside Manner. Eva graduated from nursing school in 1956 with a certificate, and she worked at Holy Names hospital in Gadsden, until marrying James E. Wilson on December 22, 1957. Eva and James relocated to San Diego, California, where they established their home and raised their cherished four children. The 38th Street Church of Christ provided a strong Christian community where they would make many friends and rear their children as Christ followers. As a Registered Nurse, Eva touched countless lives, offering healing and comfort in places like Paradise Valley Hospital, Sharp Hospital, and the Visiting Nurses Association. She devoted herself to community service as a longtime member of the Black Nurses Association and the San Diego Hypertension Council. Eva was honored with the Woman of Distinction award by the San Diego Chapter of Women Inc. in 1997, a testament to her outstanding service and dedication. Eva went home to be with Christ on December 9, 2023. Eva Lee Wilson lived a life filled with love, service, and unwavering faith in Christ. Eva's legacy lives on through her devotion to her family, selfless service to the community, delicious southern cooking, nurturing guidance, and her melodic voice singing hymns will forever remain in the hearts of those she touched. Though she has left this world, her spirit and the impact of her kindness will continue to resonate among everyone who had the privilege of knowing her.

James Hall was born on March 22, 1946, in Norfolk, Virginia, to Leonard and Evelyn Hall. James led a peaceful and content life. He resided in California for the past eight years with Delevain, Melanie, and their two children, Savannah and Delevain Jr. James attended weekly church services and bible study. He was also a member of the Spring Valley Senior Center, where he attended classes twice a week. James passed away on December 1, 2023, at the age of seventy seven. He was preceded in death by his parents; Leonard and Evelyn Hall, his five brothers; Melvin, Roland, Leonard, Johnny, and Alfonso, and his three sisters; Clara, Rosetta, and Joan Hall. Left to treasure his legacy and memory is his brother Clayton Hall, his sister Floretta Hall, his nephews and nieces; Lil’ Johnny, Man, Lita, Evelyn, Lil’ Clayton, Jamal, Terry, Robert, Bobby, Fatcheek, and Lady, his caretakers and nephew; Delevain and Melanie, along with a host of extended family and friends.

Marion Earl Cottingham (32) was called home to rest in God’s loving arms on December 8, 2023. Marion was born in San Diego, California on February 11, 1992, to his proud mother Marcella Nottingham. He attended Summit High School and graduated in 2009. As a youth, Marion played America’s pastime sport, baseball, for Southcrest Little League Major Division. He enjoyed participating in a sport that built camaraderie. Marion’s mother, auntie, and family adoringly called him “Nuke”, and friends called him “Mari B”. He was known as a loving, caring, funny young man, who loved spending time with his family. Marion was a motorcycle enthusiast. He loved riding his motorcycle throughout the streets and highways of San Diego, sometimes engaging in racing and performing risky tricks. You couldn’t keep him away from traveling to other cities to attend car/motorcycle shows while blasting his rap music. The greatest joy for Marion was the birth of his baby girl, Alyion Sy’Rai, born on March 20, 2012. He affectionately called her “Fat Women”. She did not quite understand the nickname but accepted this term of endearment. Aly wants everyone to know her daddy made the best loaded potatoes, carne asada fries, spaghetti, and seafood. She enjoyed their quality time together; talking, watching movies, baking brownies and cookies, and he would take her shopping at the mall when he would get paid. She loved him unconditionally and will miss him very much! He has been welcomed into the arms of his grandparents; William and Bessie Nottingham, uncle Marvin Cottingham, and his soulmate Ke’Andra Standard. He leaves behind his mother Marcella Cottingham, step- father Glenn Moore, daughter Alyion Cottingham, aunt Melody Nottingham-King, uncle Ronald King, brother/cousin Chaz Johnson and cousin-in-law, ShaLiea Johnson, brother/cousin Marko Johnson, sister Paris Mone’ Fuller, brother Winfred Bernard Fuller, cousins; Marvin Cottingham and Dionta Hayes, nieces/cousins; Anya Johnson, Makaiyah Harrison, and Nalaijah Johnson, nephew/cousin Malachi Johnson, and a host of relatives and friends who will forever cherish his presence.

T he Lord is close

to the brokenhearted and saves those who are crushed in spirit. Psalm 34:18

Our memories build a special bridge when loved ones have to part to help us feel we’re with them still and sooth a grieving heart. Our memories span the years we shared, preserving ties that bind, They build a special bridge of love and bring us peace of mind.

Emily Matthews

To Honour You Connie F. Kiefer Byrd

To honour you... I take the time to appreciate everyone I love, I know now there is no guarantee of days or hours spent in their presence. To honour you... I listen to music you would

SUNSET

12/08/2023

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

Memories Build a Special Bridge

secret knowledge.

SUNRISE

02/11/1992

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

HOMEGOING CELEBRATION Friday, January 12th | 10AM 38th Street Church of Christ 567 S. 38th Street San Diego, CA 92113 | 619.262.1037

To honour you... I get up every day and take a breath. And start another day without you in it. To honour you... I laugh and love with those who knew your smile And the way your eyes twinkled with mischief and

Marion Earl Cottingham

have liked, And sing at the top of my lungs, with the windows rolled down To honour you... I take chances, say what I feel, hold nothing back, Risk making a fool of myself, dance every dance.

You were my light, my heart, my gift of love, from the very highest source. So every day, I vow to make a difference, share a smile, live, laugh and love. Now I live for us both, so all I do, I do to honour you.

Thursday, JANUARY 11, 2024 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

CONGRATULATIONS TO OUR HONOREES

Peggy Cooper

Unsung Hero Award

Jennie Hamilton Unsung Hero Award

JIREH Providers

Samantha Williams Organizational Excellence Award

Detlef Williams

Unsung Hero Award

Tinicia Smith

Mark Jenkins

Gerri Warren Humanitarian Award

Sheri Jones

Black San Dieg0

Changemakers Award Honorees

Friday, February 2, 2024 • 6-8PM JOE & VI JACOBS CENTER

404 Euclid Avenue • San Diego, CA 92114

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