charetkhmer by khmer chamnan

critExµr rbs'

bußNöcnæ-mu"l

¨bFanBuTiìksmaKmmCÎmNëlsaFarNrd½Exµr tMNagra¨s¶ mNëldUneBj ¨bFanKN:kmµkarvbºFmá nigFmµkar «nsPaCati p§ayecjBI eKhd½anelx 75 v^fé Ehm ecov -P~MeBj-

Bùsù 2517

eVHBumõelIkTI 1

rk§asiTiì

Kùsù 1973

Garm¸kfa enHCas~a«dTI 2 rbs'xÆ¬Mbnæab'BIerOg KukneyaVy(R) . KMnit«nkarniBnìerOgKukneya-

Vy y"agNaenaH Gs'elakG~kswgVn¨CabsBÃ¨Kb'ehIy enAk~¬gesovePAenaH.

ÇcritExµrÈ s~a«dfµéenH k*manKMnitBuMxusq©aybu"nµan GMBIKukneyaVyEdr. xÆ¬MmanbMNgFM

cg'[exmrCn

mansµartIPÆak'rlwkPÂWfÂa[kan'Etcºas'eLIg

¨beyaCn_rYm, yl'cMeNaTksagCati Tan'eBlevla.

yl'bJúasgðmCati,

yl'pl

ÇcritExµrÈ s¶ab'eTAdUcCaG~kniBnìmanKMnitriHKn' bn¶¬Hbgíab'EtExµrK~aäg bu"En¶tamkarBit

KWniyay[eXIjnUvTid½^manH

erIseGIgrbs'ExµrmYyEp~k

EdlbN¶al[ekItplGa¨kk'dl'

sgðmnigbk§. eyIg¨tèvEt¨by&t~nigGb'rMkuM[manTid^½rebobenaHeTot. eJlmYyEbbeTot KWfa eqûIHykKnÂgGa¨kk'mklat¨tdagedémºI[eyIgsíb'exõIm ehIyecosvagBIKnÂgenaH rYc¨bkan' yknUvKnÂgNaEdllí¨besIrmkv^j. niyay[xÂIeTAKWfa ÇcritExµrÈ CarUbmn¶ s¨mab'bgúaj

KuNv^bti¶EdlbN¶aleLIgedaymnus§mYyC÷BUk EdlKµanlkÅN:cit‘Camnus§esaH. KWBYk

TSgenaHägehIy exÂacp§aenaH.

EdlnS[bk§BYknigsgðmCatiGs'famBl

ehIydl'nUvPaBhinehac

xÆ¬MKµanbMNgesaH k~¬gkarriHKn' Gs'elakvérCnbuBÃbursCatiExµr EdlelakVnbMeBj

ehIynUvBlikmµedémºICati

xÂHdl'eTAhßanlHbg'Cév^tenaH.

cMeJHGs'elakTSgenaH

xÆ¬MVn

eKarBnamnigskmµPaBrbs'elakCa¨b¨ktI ehIyEtgykCabTerons¨mab'Cév^teTotpg. xÆ¬MsuMriHKn'

cMeJHEtBYkmnus§NaEdlmanxÂçndUcCastÃ

KµanÓt¶mKti

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d·g e¨JHxÂçnxÆ¬MVnsegûtpæal' ¨BmTSgVneFÃIskmµPaBCamYypg dUcCaGMeBIrbs'BYk²s§r:Ca

edém EdleFÃI[xÆ¬MxUccit¶Gs'mYyCév^t bnæab'BIVnemIleXIjskmµPaB«¨B«p§«nBYkenaHk~¬g¨Ka

EdlxÆ¬Mrs'enACamYy.

dUec~HehIy xÆ¬MVTsUmGP&yeTasCamunGMBIsMNak'Gs'mit¶G~kGan E¨kgelamanJk´

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BiBNánaenAk~¬genH manPaBTUeTAeBk. bMNgrbs'xÆ¬M

KWcg'Et[manKMnitriHKn'sÄabnaekIteLIg

lkÅN_Gk§redémºICYyrMlwkK~a[yl'

nUvmaKáalíGa¨kk'¨Kb'y"ag

p§ayCaesovePACalay

mincUlcit¶niyayEcb"E¨b

lblak'bUjmat'bt'du÷«d G~kenHGuIecH G~kenaHGIucuHesaHeLIy. xÆ¬MVnKiteXIjdl'cas'@brm

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (R) elakG~kcg'GanerOg KukneyaVy

enH sUmemt¶acUleTA

amekhmer.free.fr

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Khmerbooks

3 buraNrbs'eyIg

EdlelakmanKMnit¨bEd¨bedAkUnecA[Vnsðal'esck¶IsuxcMerInk~¬gCév^t

m~ak'@ rhUtdl'sgðmCati edayelakB´ayamcg¨kgJk´TUnµanCae¨cIn ekIteTACabTsik§a

Gk§rsaås¶ExµrsBÃ«f©enH dUcCacºab'ekrkal, Jk´cas', Caedém. eyIgcas'sm&yenH yl' ehtuply"agNak~¬gd÷eNIrCév^t EdleyIgVnluyqÂgkat'mkehIy KYrEtnSd÷eNIrenaHmkd÷-

Nalpg

[ekµg¨skre¨kayK~ad·g

K~a¨bugsµartIecosvagGMeBIGa¨kk'Camun

kuM[tamKnÂg

cas'. enATIbJÍb' xÆ¬MsUm¨bkaseb¶CÆaCaÓLarikfa: KMnitxÆ¬M suMekItCaExµr rs'CaExµr sÂab'CaExµr xÆ¬MsUmbUCaCév^tcMeJHEtbuKðlNaEdlesµaHnwgCatiExµr,

xÆ¬MsMueb¶CÆacit¶faBuM¨BmbMerIbuKðlNa

EdlKµancit¶esµaH¨tg'nwgCati, ¨bkan'Gatµaniym bk§BYkniym p¶ac'karniym nigmanKMnitj¬H jg'bMEbkbMVk'samKðICati edémºIBYk¨kum¨tçt¨taenaHesaHeLIy.

¨bkarmYyeTot tamC÷enO¨BHBuTìsasna zansYKá zan¨BHniJÃn manEmnsMrab'buKðl

G~ksagkuslVrmIGs'GEgÃgkbºklº man¨BHBuTìCaedém CaTIEdlKYr¨CHfÂa ¨Vf~aeTAekIt

Nas' bu"En¶xÆ¬MBuMmansMNUmsm¨Vf~afanwgeTAekItTIenaHesaH eTaHbIÓbmafa xÆ¬Mmankuslfanwg

VneTAekItTIenaHdUc¨Vf~ak¶I.

drabNa

¨beTsExµrenAEtmanlMVkevTnaEhlk~¬gfÂ¬kQam

EdlekItmkGMBIkarkab'cak'K~adUcsBÃ«f© xÆ¬MsÂab'eTA sUmkuslplbuN´bJØènxÆ¬M[mkekItCa

ExµrenHeTotelITwkdéenH Gs'kbºklºGEgÃgCati kuM[xÆ¬MXÂatxÍat'¨Jt'vegÃgeTAekItTINaep§g eLIy edémºICYyCatiExµr CYy¨beTsExµr CalMdab'CatierograbdrabeTA! enHCascÍvaTrbs'xÆ¬M! - sUm[¨beTsExµr sÄitenAEtCarbs'ExµrCanicÍ!

- sUmBiPBelak manyuti¶FmácMeJHmnus§CatiTUeTA!

- sUm¨bCaBlelak VncMerInk~¬gpÂèvsn¶iPaB!

eFÃIenAP~MeBj«f©TI 28 emsa 2517/1973

bußNöcnæ-mu"l

esck¶Iep¶ém eyIgTSgGs'K~a

EdlmaneQµaHfaCaG~ktsUß

ehIyEdleTIbEtrYcecjmkGMBIKuk

¨cvak' k*VnmkenACYbCu÷K~aenAnwgP~MeBjenH. Cb"unEdlCaG~kÓbtÄm¸nUvneyaVy eyIgk*enAEt

CYuyp¶l'nUvKMnitdl'¨kumbd^vt¶n_eyIgdEdl. Cbu"nBuMTan'caj'kmÂSg¨kumsmõnìmit¶enAeLIyeT fÃé

tºitEt¨kugP~MeBj¨tèvrg¨Kab'Ebkrbs'kgT&Bsmõnìmit¶ (kalBI«f©TI 5 kum¸: 1945) k*eday.

minEtbu"eNöaH enA«f©TI 9 mIna 1945 Cbu"n EfmTSgVneLamB&Tìcab'VrSgenAP~MeBjTSgGs'

eTotpg.

elak sWg g"ukfaj' Edlrt'eTAkan'¨beTsCbu"n tSgBIVrSgcab'elakGacar´ Ehm

ecov enaH k*Vn¨tèvCbu"nCYy[mkv^j enAExÓsPa1945. BIra¨tITI 8 eTATI 9 ExsIha 1945 yuvCnExµr nigTahan k*eFÃIbd^vt¶n_rMlMrd½aPiVlelak Gwug GIu EdlenAe¨kamGaNaB´aVl

VrSg rYcenA«f©TI 14 ExsIha q~SdEdl elak sWg gu"kfaj' k*¨tèvVncat'tSgCanaykrd½aPi VleLIg.

k~¬gsÄanPaBenH eyIgral'K~aCaG~kneyaVy ehIyEdlmanCbu"nCYyÓbtÄm¸enaH KYr

Nas'EtVnsbºayePÂItePÂInk~¬gcit¶ bu"En¶pæ¬uyeTAv^j eyIgBuMVnnwkKitdUec~aHeLIy eyIgral'

K~anwkeXIjfa kmÂSgBYksmõnìmit¶¨bEhlCanwgbEnÄmeLIg edémºIp¶çllMnwgeyIgenHeTAv^jVn

enA«f©NamYy e¨JHeKkMBugerobcMsMebImNas' edémºIbnæc'GanuPaBCbu"n ÉfaeK¨tèvkar¨tçt¨ta ²Nëècindac'mux.

kalebIKiteXIjdUec~aH

eyIgral'K~ak*KitrkpÂèvCae¨scfa

nwgeKc[putBIkN¶ab'«d

VrSg ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"nv^jenaH eyIg¨tèvecj[puteTAe¨kA edémºIriHrkmeF´aVyrMedaH¨suk

teTAeTot.

«f©mYyCYbCuMK~a k*Bie¨KaH¨Bme¨BogK~afa ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"n eyIg¨tèvecjeTA¨sukesom

nig¨sukyYn.

dUcEdleyIgVnpðg¨BçyenaHEmn «f©TI 16 tula 1945 BYkVrSgk*lºçgcab'elak

nayk sWg gu"kfaj' eTA ehIy¨BmTSgrkcab'CnCa«deCégeTot (manBYkeyIgG~ktsUßenHäg).

dUcEdlVn¨JgTuk BYkG~ktsUßEckbMEbkK~aecjCaBIr¨kum. mYy¨kummanelak V"c

QWn, elak ecA EsnkuslQuM (kaleNaHCaecAhÃayext¶kMBg'cam), elak¨sI sWg gu"k faj' namedém LS FIGßuk nigCnCae¨cIneTot VneTAenAVsak' (kmõ¬Cae¨kam). äcMENkxÆ¬M

5 bußNöcnæ-mu"l xÆ¬Mmanmam~ak'eQµaH bu"k KuN ehA ¨tLac enAext¶Vt'd÷bg EdlkaleNaH esom¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom. ¨BM¨bTl'Exµr-esomkaleNaHenA¨tg'sÃaydUnEkv.

teTAmux Gs'elakG~knwgVn¨CabGMBId÷eNIrrbs'xÆ¬Mpæal'eTAkan'ext¶Vt'd÷bg nigGMBI

kMeNItExµr²s§r:¨BmTSgskmµPaBGÃIxÂH«n¨kumenaH. skmµPaBBYkenaH eXIjfapæ¬yBIeKal

bMNgrbs'eyIgG~kneyaVyrMedaHCati,

pæ¬yBIKMnitrbs'eyIgEdlCaG~kbegûétBYkenaH.

skmµPaBBYkenaH KWCaKuNv^bti¶m´a"gEdlp¶l'[xÆ¬MkMhkcit¶y"agFMdrabsBÃ«f©. äg.

ehtuenaHehIy eTIbxÆ¬MniyayriHKn'GÃI@ xÆ¬McUlcit¶fa ÇenHehIycritExµrÈ ral'dgdUec~H v&ycas'bu"eNöHehIy xÆ¬MsUmcg«dGnuCnC÷nan'e¨kaynUvs~a«denH edémºICabTBicarNa

riHrkpl¨beyaCn_CUnbgbíènrYmCatik~¬gsaFarNrd½ExµrteTAeTotpg

eXareXA kab'smÂab'K~aägeday«¨B«p§enaHteTAeTot.

edayecosvagnUvGMeBI

sUm[manyuti¶Fmák~¬gsgðm edémºIvDónPaBnigsuPmgðlrbs'saFarNrd½Exµr. P~MeBj«f©TI 20 kum¸: 1973

bußNöcnæ-mu"l

karePosxÂçnrbs'xÆ¬M enA«f©TI 16 tula 1945 evlaem"ag 11 knÂH«f© BYksmõnìmit¶Vnmk¨beLamcab'

elaknayk sWg gu"kfaj' enAv^manrd½aPiVlykeTA. Vnd÷NwgenHPÂam xÆ¬MCaG~kmanxÂçn¨sab' k*¨tèvEtePoscenÂ¿sxÂçnecjeTAe¨kAdUcVn¨JgTuk. xÆ¬MC÷nuMnwg¨KçsareXIjfa¨tèvePoseTAenA

nwgma¨tLacrbs'xÆ¬MäVt'd÷bg EdlkaleNaH ext¶Vt'd÷bgesomenA¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom.

äkarEdleFÃId÷eNIr KW¨tèvBgÃagpÂèvkuM[eKtamcab'Vn. KWfamin¨tèvecjeTAtampÂèvxageCégP~M-

eBj¨tg'eTAEtm¶geT e¨JHBYkb"UlIsnigKijVrSge¨tob¨taenApÂèvenH cScab'BYkG~kePosxÂçn

ecjeTAesom. xÆ¬M¨tèvbEgÃgpÂèv eTAxagTenÂFMkMBg'cam rYcswmbkmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j vagBYkKij

enAm¶¬MKILèelx 6 P~MeBjpg nigbMVt'danpg. m´a"geTot karecjd÷eNIrtamdgTenÂFMenH xÆ¬Mk* nwgGacVnCYbnwgmit¶Pki¶G~kbd^vt¶n_e¨cInK~aeTot enAtamdgTenÂFM xÆ¬MnwgVnC¨mabmit¶TSgenaH

[¨CabBI¨Bwt¶ikarN_fµé@ rYcnwglaeKeTAe¨kA¨sukpg. ¨KçsarxÆ¬MVn¨Bme¨BogtamenH eday

Nat'K~aeTotfa xÆ¬MeTAdl'TenÂbiT[sMNak'enAnwgpæHbg¨busxÆ¬MeQµaH bußNöcnæ-fat' eFÃIkarenA

hagsSgEsúlTenÂbiT äeKenAäP~MeBjäeNH nwgykLanmYyecjeTAkMBg'cam cSTTYlxÆ¬M EdlmkBITenÂbiT nSykmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j rYcswmbn¶d÷eNIreTAVt'd÷bg.

VnNat'K~ae¨scVc'dUec~aHehIy l©acenaHxÆ¬MykmasBIrdu÷Carbs'pæal'xÂçn mUrnwgcegûH

exaTuksMrab'dUrcayenA¨sukeKeBlNaKµan¨Vk' rYcykkSePÂIgxÂItUcmYyesotcegûH rYceLIg

7 kg'¨bNSg (course)

(1)

rbs'xÆ¬M¨bjab'¨bjal'eTAkan'cMkarcºarGMeBA xÆ¬MBYnenATIenaHeTA. sUm

C÷rabfa m¶ayÒBukxÆ¬MmancMkarFMmYyenAcºarGMeBAenH. xÆ¬MsMrakenATIenaHmYyyb' ¨BwkeLIgm~Im~a

Fak'kg'tampÂèvP~MeBj«¨BnKr kat'valsºèvE¨BkägeTAdl'¨sukKKIr eTIbcuHBIpÂèvCati kat'eTA

eCég rYcqÂgTUkeTAeLIge¨tIylÃaäm. mkdl'e¨tIyenH xÆ¬MeLIgkg'eFÃId÷eNIrtammat'TenÂ eqõaH eTAkan'E¨BkhÂçg. dl'E¨BkhÂçgem"ag 13 Cag xÆ¬Mk*Qb'sMrakrkGaharTTYlTan. bnæab'mkxÆ¬M k*eTArkpæHmit¶m~ak'eQµaHxan'

mit¶xan'¨bjab'¨bjal'sYrxÆ¬MGMBI¨Bwti¶karN_enAP~MeBj

Edlfa

VrSgcab'elak sWg-gu"kfaj'. KiteTAmit¶xan' Camnus§tamdanerOg¨sukeTsxÂSgNas'Edr

KYrsresIr. xÆ¬MeqÂIy¨Vb'hUrEheTAv^jfa: BitEmnehIy, elak sWg-g"ukfaj' ¨tèvVrSgcab'

ehIy, ehIyG~käeTotCabk§BYkk*¨tèvVrSgrkcab'Edr, äxÆ¬MenHk*¨tèvePosxÂçn edémºIrkpÂèvtsUß

eTAmuxeTot xÆ¬M¨tèveTAkan'Vt'd÷bg Et¨tèvbEgÃgmktampÂèvenH rYceTAsMNak'enAnwgTenÂbiT eTIb bkmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j. mit¶xan'yl'erOgKat'gk'kºal rYcXat'xÆ¬Mfa: ²LèvbíènägeTAtamkV"l'

vijeTA¨sYlCag e¨JHC^Hkg'tampÂèveKakBiVkNas', yb'enHsMrakenApæHxÆ¬MehIy, ¨BwkEsík

em"ag 6 knÂHswmcuHkV"l'! xÆ¬Mk*yl'¨Bm. yb'enaHxÆ¬MsMNak'enAnwgpæHmit¶xan'edaysux¨sçl. (2)

¨BlwmeLIgmit¶xan'CUnxÆ¬Mmkkan'EpkV"l' rg'cSkV"l'eLIg

. kV"l'mkdl' mit¶xan'Vn[Br

xÆ¬My"age¨cInsuM[eTAenA¨sukeKVnsuxsbºay edémºIeFÃIkarrMedaH¨beTsCatiteTAeTot. xÆ¬MelIk

«dTTYlBrmit¶xan'edayesµaH kV"l'ecjBIEp eXIj.

rYck*elIkkg'dak'elIsµa

XÂatq©aymkeTIbxÆ¬MGgð¬ycuH

lamit¶xan'cuHkV"l'TSgGal&y.

EtxÆ¬MenAEtsmÂwgmit¶xan'Tal'Etq©ayemIlElg

kV"l'dutÓsEm"¨t rlak'xÂçntic@ dUceKG¨gçn emIleTAe¨kayEKmrlkxÍayrt'eTA

e¨kay, yUr@ m¶g va[sIuepÂcUlEp¨BH¨bsb' rkaekag E¨BkeJFi_, JmCékg .l. rYcem"ag

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bßuNöcnæ-fat'

rbs'xÆ¬M.

xÆ¬Mniyayrayrab'¨Vb'bgxÆ¬Mtamd÷eNIrerOg.

bußNöcnæ-fat' k*TTYl[xÆ¬Ms~ak'enAeday¨bug¨by&t~. xÆ¬Ms~ak'enAnwgpæHbgxÆ¬MVnmYyyb' ¨Bwk

eLIg

k*¨tèvbgenHCUnd÷eNIrqÂgmk¨kugkMBg'cam

edémºICYbnwgbgbíènEdlNat'K~aBIP~MeBj.

eBlmkdl'¨kugkMBg'cam xÆ¬Mk*VnCYbnwgbgbíèn¨BmTSgkµçy@ xÆ¬MCae¨cInnak'EdlmkBIP~MeBj

KWbíèn b"ugga" (¨sI), bíèn lU (¨bus) kµçy CYn-eCOn, CYn-mu"m, CYn-¨bsiTì Edlykrfyn¶sIu¨tè

eGn 15 esHrbs'bg¨sIxÆ¬MenAP~MeBjmkTTYlxÆ¬MtamNat'. xÆ¬Mykkg'eTATuknwgk¶itLan. xÆ¬Mnig G~kTSgGs'K~alabg bßuNöcnæ-fat' eLIgLanbt'kºalmkTisxaglicv^j. enAk~¬gLan TSg

Gs'K~aniyay¨Vb'xÆ¬Mfa: l©acmijBYk¨ksYgsm©at' 3-4 nak' VneTArkxÆ¬MenAäpæHmuxvt¶ ÓNöa ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1)-

kg'EdlxÆ¬Me¨bI¨Vs'k~¬geBlenaH

xÆ¬Mrk§aTukrhUtsBÃ«f©CaGnus§avrIy_[kUnxÆ¬MVneXIjekr¶i_dMENlÒBuktsUßk~¬g

sm&yenaH. (2)- Jk´e¨bIsMrab'd÷eNIrtamTenÂemKgð kV"l'eLIg KWkV"l'EdlebIkeLIgBIP~MeBjeTAkMBg'cam ¨kecH, kV"l'cuH KW kV"l'EdlebIkcuHBIenaHeTAP~MeBjv^j. niyaytamd÷eNIrTwkhUr EdlhUrBI¨kecHeTAkMBg'camcuHeTAP~MeBj.

8 elam EtbgbíènxÆ¬MeqÂIyfa minVneXIjxÆ¬MmkpæHeT enaHBYkenaHk*¨tLb'eTAv^jeTA. xÆ¬MnwkeXIj

faEmn BYkVrSgtamrUbxÆ¬MEmn ebIminVneKcmkeT ¨bEhlCaxÆ¬Mmane¨KaHFM

Cab'eTaseTAekaH

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Q~HCbu"nnwgGal¨Vb'VrSg[cab'BYkxÆ¬M BYkGacar´ Ehm ecov dak'KukCafµéeTot. Jk´enHeK

VneJleBlEdlxÆ¬Mrt'rYcBIekaH¨tLacmkenAP~MeBjv^jenaH. {! ExµreGIy ebIrvl'EtykKab'

KYrnwgCatieK ehIysuxcit¶smÂab'ExµrK~aägy"agh~wg etInwg[¨sukeTsedéreTAmuxem"cnwgrYc?

enAeBlEdlrfyn¶C^tnwgdl'E¨Bkk¶am xÆ¬M[rfyn¶Qb'dak'xÆ¬McuH [G~kTSgGs'K~aqÂg

saLageTAcuH ehIy[ebIkeTAcSenAPUmimYyC^tkMBg'hÂçg xÆ¬MnwgqÂgeTACYb¨tg'TIenaH. eyIg¨tèv

vag¨tg'kMBg'cmÂgE¨Bkk¶amenH tºitxÂacmanKijb"UlIsEqkeqreTot. Nat'K~adUec~aHe¨sc bg bíènxÆ¬Mk*ebIkLaneTAqÂgsaLag

äxÆ¬Mk*C^Hkg'xÆ¬MtampÂèvmat'TenÂ¨tg'eTAeCég.

luHTnæwmnwgPUmimYy

EdlVnNat'enaH xÆ¬Mk*Qb' rYck*rkTUkeKqÂg. Cakusllí manTUkmYyeKTTYlcmÂgeTA xÆ¬MVn

dl'e¨tIydUc¨Vf~a ehIyQrcSrfyn¶bgbíènxÆ¬M. e¨kaymkrfyn¶mkdl'xÆ¬Mk*VneLIgC^HteTA eTot. KiteTAdMeNIrePosxÂçnenH kkickkucNas'.

rfyn¶VneFÃId÷eNIreTAmuxq©ayKµanQb'Qr

eTAdl'ext¶eJFisat'.

sUmC¨mabfa

kaleNaHext¶Vt'd÷bg, ¨tèvesom¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom ehIyman¨BM¨bTl'nwgExµr ¨tg'sÃay

dUnEkv. rfyn¶VnnSxÆ¬Mdl'sala¨suk¨tJMgCg, hYsBIsala¨suk¨tJMgCg¨bEhl 7

KILèEm"¨t dl'kEnÂgs©at'k*Qb'. TSgGs'K~acuHBIrfyn¶ xÆ¬Mk*ebIkKMrbk¶itLanykeTac¨kyanxÆ¬M ecjmk. Ca{kasEdlxÆ¬M¨tèvEbkBIbgbíènkµçyCaTI¨sLaj'ehIy. xÆ¬M¨tèveFÃIdMeNIreTAEtm~ak' ägk~¬geBlenHehIy. xÆ¬Mk*niyaylabíèn¨busbíèn¨sInigkµçyxÆ¬Mfa sUmbíèn@ nigkµçy@ emIlEfTS

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xÆ¬Msbºaycit¶

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fan say

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VyTwkrhUtmk.

cit¶nigsm¸ar:.

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mYyExe¨kaymk

karTak'TgenaH[pleLIg

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[mkhat'eronVn¨bEhl 100 nak'. Vn¨bEhl 2-3 Exe¨kaymk Vnbegûét[man¨kum

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kalebIVnGavuFxÂH

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xagesomeXIjägeTAegac@ eBk k*[kSePÂIghasibedémmkeTot.

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16 Etm¶geTA?

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d·gGIeT! -

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17 eJlminTan'cb'pg

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Vbva?

18 -

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GaeBCÎXatniyaykat'xÆ¬MeLIg: -

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xÆ¬MtbeTAv^j edaysemÂg¨sal: -

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emm~ak'sYrkat'eLIg: -

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dl'kEnÂgeTAeTot! -

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26 karvay¨kugesomrabenH minsnµtfaeCaKC&yÉbraC&yGÃIeT bu"En¶Ca¨semaltsUßmYy

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rbYsF©n'ykmkBuMrYc k*nSK~a¨Kah_ykeTAdak'enAnwgmuxKiland½an¨kug. edayKiteXIjfa:

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tamBitBuMmanesaH bu"En¶VrSgEdlvarkEt{kaseFÃIVb

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kaleNaHelakCakUnsis§salaext¶

esomrab . (2)

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28 Cas¨tèvrbs'CatieTAv^jqû¬y! etIxÆ¬Mminsbºaycit¶nwgext¶Vt'd÷bg¨tèvVnmkExµrÉ? ebIminEmn eT etIxÆ¬MenAEtsíb'VrSgEdlK~axMTamTarVt'd÷bg[Exµrv^jÉ? ¨tg'eNH xÆ¬MsUmC¨mab[cºas'las'dUcteTA:

TI 1- Exµr²s§r: VnciJÍwmcit¶KiteXIjfa ¨beTsExµrTSgmUlBuMTan'VnäkraC´enA

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cMeJH«fÂC^H xÆ¬MVnykBIG~kC^Hm~ak'@ 5 kak'.

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enHBuMVnplbu"nµaneT edayLanmanEt 3 bN¶ak'K~aq©ay@ eBk minCab'@ K~adUcenAVgkk, G~kC^HeKxØilcS eKEtgC^HsIukÂè C^Hkg'GÃI@ eTA minsUvmanG~kC^He¨cIn. yUr@ eTAkan'Etex§ay@

eTA CaehtunS[xatbg'esahußyCalMdab'. rbr ÇLan5kak'È k*¨tèvcb'eTAe¨kayeBlEdl

lk'LanTSgbIenaHeTAv^j.

35 bnæab'BIrbrsßysßavenH

xÆ¬MEbkKMnitKitrksuICaG~kedérftrUbv^jm¶g

e¨JHkaleNaH

raCkarbegûét[manGt¶sJïaNb&NömanbiTrUbftCasMKal' cMeJH¨bCaCnTUeTA. xÆ¬MxÍIrfyn¶

h§IbmYyrbs'bgbußNöcnæ-fat'enATenÂbiT ebIkbrftrUb[eKenA¨Kb'¨cklúk tSgBIext¶kMBg' cam-kN¶al- Vt'd÷bg nigesomrab. ext¶TSgBIrxage¨kay (KWVt'd÷bgnigesomrab) enHxÆuM¬

¨tèvekItmanerOgFM@ EdlxÆ¬MKYrykmkC÷rabEdr.

ext¶Vt'd÷bg xÆ¬McUleTA¨bkbrbrftrUbenHCamYybíèn¨buseBAxÆ¬MeQµaH bußNöcnæ-faNa

rit minVnyUrbu"nµan ¨sab'Etmanem²s§r:EdleTIbekItfµém~ak'eQµaH hußlvg§GanuPaB Vn

¨Vb'kUnecA«deCégeKfa

ebIeXIjeQµaHxÆ¬MÉk*bíèn¨busxÆ¬McUleTAk~¬gtMbn'eK

¨tèv[kab'smÂab'

ecalkuM¨bNI. bíènxÆ¬MVnd·gd÷NwgenH rt'mk¨Vb'xÆ¬M. xÆ¬Mnwkq©l'e¨JHmind·gCaeQµaH hußlvg§

GanuPaB enaHsíb'xÆ¬MBIerOgGI. Kit@ eTAyl'fa¨bEhlCaelakenaHsíb'xÆ¬Me¨JHxÆ¬MFÂab'eFÃICaem

²s§r: ehIyBYk²s§r:knxÆ¬MenaHlºIeQµaHsemºIm kaleTAvay¨kugesomrabenaHk*mind·g. BI

e¨JH sUm¨Cabfa sm&yenaH¨kumxÆ¬MekItmuneKbgís'k~¬g¨sukExµr. kMeNItenaHehIyEdlGac

sayPay nS[ekItExµr²s§r:t@ mkeTote¨Jg¨Jt. TSgBYkFÂab'eFÃIecar k*mantSgxÂçnCa

²s§r:Edr Edlsm&yenaHG~k¨suk[eQµaHKnÂas'fa ÇGuiser"acak', ²s§r:ecarÈ KWBYkenH

ehIyEdlbÂn'Lan bÂn'kV"l' cab'mnus§bgðab'yk¨Vk' .l. kkUr¨suk[ekItclacl G~k

¨sukPitP&y¨Cçl¨cbl'¨Kb'kEnÂg. G~kxÂHBIedémeKehAGacar´ luHeLIgeCarsíb'FmáesovePA k*

eqÂ¿tcUl²s§r:ecar KitEtBIedérdutbMpÂajKmõérdékak~¬gvt¶Gs' manem²s§r:eQµaHGacar´ yI Ca

edém G~kTenÂFMsðal'ehIy. ²s§r:duHdUcp§it Etmind·gCamanÓt¶mKti¨tg'NaeT Edlbgúaj

[eXIjfaes~haCatienaH ebImansuTìEtBYkbÂn' BYkdutKmõérdékaecal edaysíb'FmáesovePA

ecaTBYkFmáesovePAfaFmáfµéy"agenH. BYkenaHKµanKitBIrMedaH¨sukeTsGÃIeT. Gs'elakekµg@ ¨skre¨kayEdlekItminTan'erOgclacl bgûeLIgedayBYkGiuser"acak'enHeT, emIldl'¨tg'

eNHsUm¨bjab'gakeTAsYrbJØak'cas'@ EdlenAEkºr@ xÂçnenHemIlebImineC¯. G~kenAP~MeBj

enH xÂHk*VnmkenAedaysarBYkenaHGukL¬kxÂSgnasm&yenaHEdr sUmesIubemIlcuHebImineC¯.

cMENkem²s§r:eQµaH hußlvg§GanuPaB EdlcSbMVt'rUbxÆ¬MenaH ¨bEhlCamkBIE¨kg

xÂçnxÆ¬McUleTAtMbn'Kat' xÂçnKat'mankarGab'muxGab'mat'k*mind·g e¨JHxÆ¬MCaem²s§r:tSgBId÷bUgTI

ehIyFÂab'lºIk~¬gerOgvayVrSgenA¨kugesomrabenaH.

Ety"agNak*eday xÆ¬MFÂab'sðal'critExµrxÂHEdr ehIyxØilcg'Q~Hcg'caj' suxcit¶Qb'

cUleTAk~¬gtMbn'enaHeTA.

bnæab'BIenaH xÆ¬McUleTAkan'esomrab. KWTIenHehIy EdlnS[xÆ¬MeXIj dab-QYn sg

KuNxÆ¬MrebobNaenaH.

¨tg'eNHehIyEdlxÆ¬MsresrBIxagedémenaHfa:

dab-QYny"agNaCamYyxÆ¬MenaH.

[Gs'elakcSemIl

sUmrMlwkeLIgv^jfa dab-QYnVncuHcUlnwgsem¶csIhnu enA«f©TI 1 tula 1949

ehIysem¶csIhnuVntemûIg dab-QYn CaemT&B¨tçt¨taext¶esomrab nigkMBg'FM.

36 xÆ¬McUleTArksIuenAext¶esomrab VncUleTAC÷rabsuMelakdab-QYntampÂèvkar tºiteK

Ca¨bFanenAext¶enaH. dab-QYn VnTTYledayrIkray niyayfaminGIeT GeJØIjrksIutam

s¨mçlcuH xÆ¬Mnwg[eKCYyemIlpg kuM¨BYy.

xÆ¬MnwkGrKuNdab-QYnsnìwk. bu"En¶xÆ¬MkMBug¨bkbrbrenHminTan'Vnbu"nµanpg ¨sab'Et

es¶c¨taj'enH rkerOgedaypÂèvsm©at' [eKcab'xÆ¬MykeTAsmÂab'Etm¶g. xÆ¬Md·gBtámanenHeday

sarsk¶ibIm~ak'enAk~¬gkgT&Bdab-QYnEdl¨sLaj'xÆ¬MesµaH

e¨JHeKBIedémeKCakUnecArbs'xÆ¬M

Edr eKVn¨Vb'xÆ¬Mfa [¨bjab'fyeTA tºitdab-QYnkMBugcat'kar[eKlbcab'xÆ¬MehIy. xÆ¬Mnwk

hYscit¶Etm¶g

erOgenHminxusBIerOge¨BgExµrEdlniyayBIerOg²sICbqµa[eTACaxÂaenaHeT.

erOgenaHEcgfa: ta²sIciJÍwmqµamYy eday¨sLaj'qµaenaH k*Cbva[kÂayeTACaxÂa. xÂaenHKit

eXIjfa GtItkalrbs'GjCaqµa elakta²sICbGj teTAebIeKd·gfaGjmanedémkMeNItCa qµa Gjmin¨besIreT. edémºIkuM[eKd·gfaGjBIedémCaqµa Gj¨tèvEtsmÂab'²sIenaHecal e¨JH

ebITukKat'[enA smKat'niyayerOgedémkMeNItGj nS[GjefakTab. KitehIyk*¨bug¨b

har²sI Et²sId·gTan'k*eFÃI[xÂaenaHkÂayeTACaqµav^jeTA. dab-QYn¨bEhlCacg'bMVt'GtIt

kalrbs'Kat'CamYyxÆ¬M eTIb¨tèvEtkMcat'xÆ¬MenaHäg. Ék*mkBI¨KaenaHxÆ¬MBuMVn[k«¨mGÃIesaHdl'

rUbKat'k*mind·g VnCaKat'cgGaXatB´aVTdl'f~ak'enH e¨JHsm&yenaHKat'¨tèvkarsYysar Gakrsnìwksnìab'Nas' efAEkcin¨Bin¨Kb'@ K~a¨tèvEtEsne¨BnKat'Kµansl'kºalmYy. xÆ¬MminGacenAVnk*nSK~IK~acakecjBIext¶esomrab¨bjab'¨bjal'.

enHehIyerOgxÆ¬MCa

mYyelakdab-QYn Edle¨kaymkeKsðal'eQµaHfa dab-QYnmØ¬leB¨C enaH.

xÆ¬MmkenAP~MeBjv^j ehIyKitfarkrbrNa[Vn¨sçl kuM[c¨mègc¨masdUcenHeTot.

ehIyerOg ÇneyaVyÈ xÆ¬MBuMePÂceT dUceKej¿nnwgGaePondUec~aHEdr. xÆ¬MVncUlbe¨mIKNbk§

neyaVyenAedémq~S

1950

rhUt

1951

EdlxÆ¬MnwgsresrC¨mabteTAeTotenAC÷BUkxag

e¨kay. xÆ¬MsUmbJØak'enATIenH[ehIyfa tSgBIenA«¨BrhUtcUl¨sukv^j xÆ¬MVnsMKal'eXIjfa

BYkenA¨sukKMnitemniym p¶ac'karniym kab'smÂab'K~a mandUcK~a dUcCaBYkenAk~¬g«¨BEdr dEdl

CadEdl. enHehIycritExµr!

R R

xÆ¬McUlKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k~¬geBlEdlxÆ¬MVncUlmk¨sukv^jenH ExµreyIgmanKNbk§neyaVy tamlkÅN:

¨bCaFibety´EdrehIy tamrd½FmµnuJïEdl¨Tg'sIusuvtiÄ yuti¶vg§ nig elak eGov-ekIs Vn

ksageLIg. q~SEdlxÆ¬McUlmkenaH KNbk§EdlxÆ¬MGacrMlwkVnenAeBlenaHKW: -

KNbk§¨bCaFibety´

elak eGov-ekIs

KNbk§esrIPaB

nrinæedt -

rUb¨VsaTkMBUlbICasJïalkÅN_,

KNbk§exmrbu"n~kar

ln'-nl' -

KNbk§tMekIg¨bCaCati elakEy"m-sMbUr

rUbkºald÷rIkan'pûaQUkbICasJïalkÅN_,

d·knSeday

d·knSeday¨Tg'

rUbnagKgúég¨BHFrNICasJïalkÅN_

nerat¶m

d·knSedayelak

rUbhnuman¨TEpnTI¨sukExµrCasJïalkÅN_d·knSeday

KNbk§cMerInCati rUb¨BçjTmÂ¬HkgbYn rbs'elak Ca C^nkuk

KNbk§øsanmanC&y rUbTg'CatiBIrExÃgK~a¨Tmû¬d CasJïalkÅN_rbs'elak em"A

cy -

KNbk§rYbrYmCati

KNbk§¨bCaCn rUbngð&lCasJïalkÅN_

KNbk§ rUbsMbukXµ¬Mrbs'elak m"m suTì (minEmn m"m suTì Tutiymºi²LèvenHeT)

KNbk§ rUbkeNë¿v

KNbk§rUbkN¶ab'¨sèv- sM ej¿n Caem .

38 FmµtaG~kneyaVy Etgej¿nnwgerOgneyaVy y"agNamij rUbxÆ¬MEdlFÂab'Cab'Kuk

e¨JHerOgneyaVyk*enAEtcg'¨bLèkk~¬gElºgenHEdr.

xagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ manK~IK~axÆ¬MCae¨cInVncUlbMerI manelak V"c-QWn, Cu÷-

mYg CaedémEdlFÂab'EtrYmskmµPaBneyaVytSgBIq~S 1936 mkenaH. xÆ¬Mmkdl'PÂam elak

miuj-Na¨KI nigelak Cu÷-mYg VnmkCYbxÆ¬M ehAxÆ¬M[cUlKNbk§¨bCaFiety´. manxagKN

bk§äeTotEdr EdlmkTak'Tg EtxÆ¬MBuMVncUl xÆ¬MTTYlcUlxagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edl manK~axÆ¬Me¨cIn¨sab'. xÆ¬Mk*VnCYbpæal'nigelak eGov-ekIs bMerIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´tmk.

sUmrMlwkfa nItikalTI 1 «nsPaCatiEdlebIksm&yBI«f© 21 Ex mkra 1948 sma

C^kPaKe¨cInCaKNbk§¨bCaFiety´ (kºald÷rI). sPaCatiEdlmankrNIykicÍkarJrrd½Fmµ-

nuJï karJrlTiì¨bCaFiety´ EtgEt¨tèvrgGMeBIC^HCan'rbs'hÂçgsIhnuCanicÍ. rd½FmµnuJïEdl

Vn¨bkase¨bIBIq~S 1947 rhUtmkEtgrGak'rGYlCanicÍ bN¶almkBIes¶csIhnuEdlKµan

TsBiFraCFmáesaH ecHEtEkrd½FmµnuJï¨tLb'¨tLinkarJrEt¨beyaCn_nigzan:k§¨t.

ehIyd·gy"agNaeT? edayminsbºaycit¶nwgKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edlman¨bCa

¨biyPaBCagxÂçn ¨BmTSgeFÃIkarminsUv¨sbnwgbMNgxÂçnenaH, enA«f©TI 17 kJïa 1949 es¶c

sIhnuVn¨bkasrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 1 enaHeTA.

karenaHeFÃI[¨bCaCnExµr Vt'mat'Vt'kElghßankík¨KEhm¨twmeNaH xÂacsÂab'eday

sar¨BHkruNaCaGmÍas'Cév^telItºèg.

ehIyeKd·gfa

emIleTA¨Bwti¶karN_¨sukeTsmuxCamin

sUvE¨b¨bçl¨cbUk¨cbl'GÃIteTAeToteT. bu"En¶mans©b'äNa enA«f©esAr_ 14 mkra 1950

¨sab'Et¨Bwti¶karN_mYyekIteLIgdUcrnæH eFÃI[G~kP~MeBjPÆak'epíél rhUtdl'¨sukE¨scMkarniKm

CnbT KWd÷NwgmrNPaB«nelak eGov-ekIs GtIt¨bFansPaCati bcÍ¬bºn~GKðelxaFikar

KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edl¨tèvCnm~ak'eVH¨Kab'EbkeFÃIXatelak enATIs~ak'karKNbk§¨b

CaFibety´ elx 67 pÂèvÓkj"apÂ¬g C^tkac'¨C¬gv^fé 9 tulasBÃ«f©enH.

sUmC¨mabfa q~SEdlelak eGov-ekIs TTYlmrNPaBenaH elak Ey"m-sMbUr

Canaykrd½mån¶I, elak ecA-Esnkusl Card½mån¶I¨ksYgyuti¶Fmá, nigmanelak tan'-Kimtwk

CaemKij, elak esg-TiB Caemb"UlIsenAtMbn'p§arfµé EdlmannaTIemIleTAdl'pÂèvÓkj"apÂ¬g enaHpg.

eKG~k¨kugP~MeBjTSgmUl kaleNaHswgEtyl'faelak eGov-ekIs sÂab'enHKWeday

Ke¨magÓbXatrbs'es¶csIhnuEtm¶g.

e¨JH¨BHGgðnigBYkbrivarelak

BuMEmncg'eXIjCév^t

elak eGov-ekIs rs'enAkarJrrd½FmµnuJï karJrlTiì¨bCaFiety´enaHkalNa.

¨KaEdlsmÂab'elak eGov-ekIs sÂab'ehIy eKEbrCaeTAcab'smaC^kKNbk§esrI-

PaBm~ak' eQµaH nUy"a enAbwg¨byabykmkvaysYrcemÂIy vaybgÅ÷[eqÂIyfaxÂçnBitCaXatkr

eFÃIXatelak eGov-ekIs. kaleNaHG~kP~MeBjx§wbex§¿vK~afa: ÇneyaVyenaHeqItNas'

Tat'mYyVnBIrEtm¶gÈ

Vnesck¶IfaeKsmÂab'em¨bCaFiety´ehIy

eKdEdlh~wgeFÃI[xag

KNbk§esrIPaBenaH Cab'erOgra"veTAEdr. G~kP~MeBjyl'fa erOgh~wgf·õnEP~ksuTìsaF e¨JH

39 xagKNbk§rge¨KaHKµannwkeXIjfaKNbk§esrIPaBCaKU¨bqSgmksgswkEbbenHpgeT. xÆ¬M

mkCYbehtukarN_d*semºImenH k*PÆak'xÂçndUceKkån¶ak' nwkfa {! neyaVyBYkk~¬g¨suk minxus

BIneyaVyBYkk~¬g«¨BEdlxÆ¬MFÂab'rs'enACamYyenaHbu"nµaneT.

kab'smÂab'K~a²tGaNit

dUcxÆ¬M

VnniyayTukmkehIy enHehIycritExµr! ebIrvl'Et¨bkab'¨bcak' bMVt'Cév^tK~ay"agenH man

eBläNanwgksag¨sukeTs? ksag¨beyaCn_rYmekIt? hWu Gkusl!

xÆ¬MEdleTIbEtVncUlk~¬gKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k*dUcCaVnmkTTYlmrNsJïa nig

CYyEhsBelakGtIt¨bFan eGov-ekIs Etm¶g. sBelak eGov-ekIs ¨tèvVndEgúykeTA

tMkl'enAeKhd½anelak enApÂèvPatrPaB (GtItsIusuvtiÄ) mat'TenÂ pæHelx 233 xagtºègvt¶Ekv ¨BHePÂIg eFÃIbuN´TkÅiNanubºTanGs' 7 yb' 7 «f©. ehIyenA«f©TI 22 mkra 1950 sBrbs'

elak¨tèvdEgúCakºçny"agmehaLarik

eqõaHeTAbUCaenAvt¶bTumvt¶I .

kºçndEgúenaHK¨KwkKe¨Kg

(rUbft 1 : mQUssBäkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs Vn¨buge¨bobdEgúecj) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

semºImNas' xÆ¬M¨tèvKN:kmµkarbuN´ cat'[nSmuxkºçnEdldEgúbt'EbntampÂèvCae¨cInna¨kug

P~MeBj KWecjBIeKhd½ansBpÂèvPatrPaB (GtItpÂèvsuIsuvtiÄ) ¨tg'eTAxagtºèg bt'eTAlic dl' (rUbft 2 : kºçndEgúsB äkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs «f©TI 22 mkra q~S1950) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

(rUbft 3 : BiFIbg§¬kUl enAmuxmnæIrsPaCatism&yenaH) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

pÂèv 9 tulasBÃ«f© k*edértampÂèvenHmkxageCég mkdl'pÂèvsWnKuysBÃ«f© k*edértamenHrhUtdl'

mat'TenÂ pÂèvPatrPaBv^j. rYckºçnk*td÷eNIrsn§wm@tampÂèvenH rhUtdl'pÂèvÓkj"aQun eTIb bt'cUlmklicv^j mkdl'muxmnæIrsPaCati kºçnVnQb' ehIynimn¶¨BHsgôbg§¬kUlCUnsB

enATIenaHeday¨sgUt¨sgat'. bnæab'mkeTIbkºçntd÷eNIrtampÂèvÓkj"aQunmkliceTot eTIb cUleTAtºègtampÂèvvt¶buTmvtIeTAQb'enAQabnd½anvt¶buTmvtIenaH edémºIbUCa. G~kenAP~MeBj

cUlrYbrYmk~¬gkºçnenHCae¨cIn¨kumCae¨cInBYk ¨bkbedayTwkmuxe¨kom¨kMCaTIbMput. karmYyeTot

EdlTukdUcCaGsÍar´bn¶icEdr KWeBldEgúsBenaH tMkl'elIV"qaVnbn¶ic ¨BHPiruNbgí¬rcuHmk

rYcemX¨sTuM¨sTn'dUcCaecHkan'TukÅ cMeJHmrNPaBrd½bursExµrenHEdr. Gs'elakenAP~MeBj

cas'@ GacnwgniyayerOgenHeLIgv^jVn sUmbíèn@ ¨skrenHsaksYrelakpgcuH.

sm&yenaH, elak eGov-ekIs Vt'bg'Cév^teTA, etIsµartI¨sLaj'lTiì¨bCaFiety´

rbs'raås¶ExµrcuHfyÉ? etIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ (kºald÷rI) cuHfykmÂSgÉ? minEmneT! pæ¬y BIvtÄ¬bMNgrbs'BBYkraCniym p¶ac'karniym GaNaniKmniym Edlcg'bMVt'lTiì¨bCaFib-

(rUbft 4 : BiFIbUCasB äkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

ety´ nigKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ raås¶ExµrrwtEtmansµartIPÂWfÂaeLIgmYykMriteTot ¨sLaj'

lTiìenHxÂSgeLIg e¨JHeKyl'fa {! lTiìenHmant«mÂNas'etI s¨mab'GjCaraås¶enaH! dUec~H

eTIbeKsmÂab'elak

eGov-ekIs

ecalkuM[elakCYykarJrGjekIt

gg·t K fÂg'eTArab'stvt§eTot kuM[egébPÂWsÃagekIt. kalebIraås¶Exµryl'y"agh~wgehIy

Edlraås¶¨sLaj'y"agelIslub.

KNbk§¨bCaFibety´

R R

eKcg'TukGjCaraås¶

k*kÂayeTACaKNbk§

xÆ¬MnigKukneyaVym¶geTot cUlmkk~¬gq~S 1951 KNbk§neyaVyVnmanskmµPaBCafµé eday¨bCaCatiExµr¨tèv

kar[manGgðkarnItibJïti¶eLIgv^j. KNbk§¨bCaFibety´

CaKNbk§EdlQrCYrmuxKNbk§äeTot

edayraås¶FÂab'

sðal'nig¨sLaj'. cMeJHrUbxÆ¬MBuMmanBenÂIseT kareXasnaeVHeq~at dUcCakarkMsan¶buN´Tan (rUbft 5 : kareXasnarbs'KNbk§¨bCaFibety´sm&yenaH) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

suTìsaF tºitxÆ¬MniyayeXasnam¶g@ kEnÂgNak*edayeKTH«dGbGrsaTrBuMEdlxan. m´a"g

eTot eKFÂab'lºIfa xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l FÂab'Cab'KukekaH¨tLac FÂab'ksagkMeNIt²s§r:. emÂ"aH

ehIyeKrab'GanxÂSgNas'cMeJHraås¶.

sPaCatinItikalTI 2 k*¨tèvVnekAGImkxagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´y"age¨cIn Edl

manrUbxÆ¬Mk~¬genaHm~ak'Edr. nItikalsPaCatiTI2 enHVnebIksm&y¨bCu÷enA«f©TI 4 tula 1951 . ehIyenA«f©TI 12 tula 1951 KN:rd½mån¶Ifµé EdlPaKe¨cInxag¨bCaFibety´ ehIy

Edld·knSedayelak hußy Knì¬l CanaykenaH VnnSsmaC^kmkbgúajxÂçncMeJHsPapg.

(rUbft 6 : ebIksm&y¨bCu÷sPaCatiTI 2 sm&yenaH. rUbBIeqÃgeTAs¶S : CYrxagmux elak sWn-san, ¨Tg' ²ånæavg§ . CYrxage¨kay : elak Cu÷-mYg, xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l .) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

sPaCatieFÃIkarbe¨mIEtÓt¶mKtiCatidEdl karJrEtlTiì¨bCaFibety´dEdl k*minVn

sux¨sYlesaH

ecHEtTTYlkarsgût'sgû^nrbs'es¶csIhnudrab.

ehIyVnEtCagmYyq~S

42 bu"eNöaH edayeyIgecHEtcecsrwgTTwgnwg¨BHGgðxÂSgeBk enA«f©TI 13 mkra 1953 ¨BHGgð

e¨bIGMNacp¶ac'karrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 2 enaHeTA. xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l nigG~k¨bqSgecj

muxe¨cInK~a ¨tèv«deCég¨BHGgðcab'GUskºalbJÍèlKukk~¬geBlenaHeTA. Cév^txÆ¬M, Cab'KukelIkTI2

nwgelIkenHehIy!. {! GnicÍakmµKuk, GIk*G~k¨sLaj'xÆ¬MemÂ"H? Vt'muxxÆ¬MyUrminVnÉ? kalBIq~S

1942 xÆ¬MVnmkCYbnwgG~km¶gehIy ehIyhYsrhUteTAekaH¨tLac, ²Lèvq~S 1953 xÆ¬MmkenH

m¶geTot ehIymind·gCanwgeTANaeToteT?

xÆ¬McUlKukelIkTI 2 enH Vnsegûtk~¬gKukFMrbs'ExµrKµanxusBIC÷nan'q~S 1942 eT rebob

EbbbTeFÃITaruNkmµmnus§enAdEdl. ehIyxÆ¬MsegûteXIjeKpÍalmnus§edayv^FIEbÂk@ dUcCa

eKykG~keTaseTAcgepíabnwgKl'sÃay[GågûgecamxS E¨skrkBueTìa!

enHCacritG~kd·knSrd½Exµr KµanEkE¨brebobesaH enAEtcas'K¨mwl«¨B«p§dEdl. xÆ¬M¨TS

rs'enAk~¬gKukGkuslGs'eBl 8Ex 20«f© eTIbmanvasnarMedaHrYcmkv^j.

xÆ¬MsUmrMlwkerOgmYy. muneBlrYcBIkarXuMXSg xÆ¬M¨BmTSgmit¶Cae¨cIn VnTTYlesck¶I

ek¶A¨khaytUccit¶

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xÂçnk~¬geBlqab'@ enHehIy!

En! vaeTACaGIcwg, KYrNas'EtmklYgelamelIkTwkcit¶K~a mindUec~aHEbrCamkbenæas

dUceKykePÂIgmkcak'elI¨Tèg! enHcritExµrvaGIcwg!

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ehIyEbrCamkxitxM¨bkbrbrTTYlTanciJÍwmCév^tnwg¨Kçsarv^j

m¶g eday¨bkbrbrJNiCØkmµy"agsÃitsÃaj¨bLèkbU"kV"kCamYycineBjTMhwg drabVnman

CévPaBsmrm´Camnus§nwgeKluHsBÃ«f©. bu"En¶eTaHbIlak'xÂçnElgeFÃIneyaVy KitEtrksIuk* eday k*xÆ¬MecHEttamkt'sMKal'sÄankarN_¨sukExµrCadEdlEdr e¨JHdUcVn¨CabehIy G~k

cUlvg'neyaVy eTaHbIXÂatBIvg'eTAehIyk*eday EtgEtlbemIleKG~kfµé EdlkMBugEtkan'

karrd½enaHCadrab. karsMxan'@ EdlxÆ¬Mkt'sMKal' ehIyEdlxÆ¬MecHEt¨s«mfarbbrbs'es¶c sIhnu muxCanwgmanehtuGa¨kk'enA«f©NamYy edayeyIgCaraås¶¨TSenAElgVn ¨tèvEtruHerI enaHKWÐ

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q~S 1953 . -

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Nak*Vn.

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43 -

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Lèkk~¬gneyaVy[Vnkb'«d; Gs' edayGanuPaBelak.

KNbk§EdleFÃI¨sbtamrd½FmµnuJï¨tèvrlay@

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cit¶min¨tg'bg'scÍ:eFÃIVbBYkKNbk§¨bCa

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KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ cUleTAk~¬g¨BHbrmraCvSgC÷nMuenA¨BHTInSgePaCnIy edémºecaTeqÂIyGMBI vtÄ¬bMNgrbs'KNbk§¨bCaFibety´.

pæal'

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elak sÃay-sUr Ca¨bFan, elak tan'-KImhYn, ¨Tg'nerat¶m-PUris§ra, elak Ekv-mu"g¨KI,

elak KS-er"t CasmaCik. k~¬g{kasebIksm&y¨bCu÷rYc sem¶csIhnu¨bkasy"agmWugm"at'fa

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TSgGs'faKµannrNab"HJl'elakeT elakniyayGÃIniyay[¨tg'@ eTAcuH kuM¨BYy!

eBl¨bCu÷enaH cab'BIem"ag 9 rhUtdl'em"ag 13:40 eTIbcb' KNbk§¨bCaFibety´

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ecjtamTÃarxageCégk*¨tèvBYkenaH E¨skeCrm¶aytay{BukdUcCaBYkVtp§arGavaEs ¨BmTSg B&TìKb'du÷fµe¨Jg¨Jt eTAelIelak sÃay-sUr d÷NMCageK tSgBIk~¬gvSgrhUte¨kAvSgEbkmux

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1962

ehIykat'TUtBIGaemrik,

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cUlmkkab'

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44 edaysÄankarN_¨sukkan'Etliclg's¨swmenH ehIyEdlmanyYneyokkugecar¨keBI¨bvti¶-

saås¶¨bcSCati kMBugEthamat'¨bug¨tVk'elbykeTApgenH sIhnucM¨bb'EmnETn cg'edaH«d

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rd½aPiVlelak ln'-nl' fa rd½aPiVle¨sac¨sg'Cati (Gouvernement de Sauvetage) ehIy [TTYlxus¨tèvcMeJHmux¨bvti¶saås¶ (ExsIha 1969).

kt'sMKal'CalMdab'mkbu"eNöH xÆ¬MecHEtnwkm«mfa minyUreT ¨sukExµrmuxCanwgPan'E¨b

minxaneT. kMBugKit ¨sab'Etkëèg! «f©TI 18 mIna 1970 ¨Bwti¶karN_¨bvti¶saås¶pæ¬HeLIg sPa

CatiEdlCatMNag¨bCaCatiExµrTSgmUl

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eyIg EdlrYmK~akMcat'sIhnu emp¶ac'kartMNagrbbraCniymcuge¨kayenH[xÍat'eTAVn. Et

bu"eNöH sIhnuGs'lkÅN_ehIy ehIyebIGac¨tLb'cUlmk¨sukv^jVn sIhnuGs'manPaB

CaxÂa CaraCsIh_eTotehIy EtKWCaqµamYybu"eNöaH. xÆ¬Myl'Cae¨sc.

edayxwgeXarnwgeKTmÂak'xÂçn es¶cken¶¯enHEdlsÄitenAäeb"kSg¨sab'pg manlTìPaB

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k*Bn´¬HyYneyokkugeyokNamxageCégEdlman¨sab'

enAelIdéExµr [vayExµrK¨KwkKe¨KgEtm¶g nacugExmIna 1970 nigt@ mk.

Tl'nwgsÄankarN_¨bfucj¬"cenH elakesna¨bmux ln'-nl' VnEfÂgsarhaehAExµr

[CYy¨byuTì ehIyelak¨bmUlG~kneyaVy¨Kb'nin~akarTSgGs' [cUlCYysÄabnaCatiCa mYynwgelak. ¨KaenaHTwkcit¶Exµr QamExµrG~kcmºSg mankareBjcit¶cMeJHelakesna¨bmux

ln'-nl' y"agxÂSg Tahan 24 em"agekIteLIge¨Jg¨JtCYy¨suk. erOgenHGs'elakPaK e¨cInNas'Vnd·gVncSTukEdr.

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BlexmrCati haehAeTAbMJk'sk¶izan:Cavresniy¨tI bMerIkgT&BteTA. KWxÆ¬MeBjcit¶Nas'eTAehIy

e¨sac¨sg'Catiy"ageBjTMhwg.

enaH eBlenH¨tèvEtpuseLIgv^j. -

edayxÆ¬MVnman{kasnwgbMerIneyaVyfµérbs'rd½aPiVl

xÆ¬MEdllak'xÂçnBYnGatµaGs'kalC^t«m¸q~Sk~¬grbbraCniym

ExÓsPa 1971 xÆ¬MVn¨tèvEtgtSgCaGnurd½elxaFikar¨ksYgFmµkar

«f© 28 mIna 1972 xÆ¬MVn¨tèvEtgtSgCaÓbkarI«nelakesna¨bmux ln'-nl' ¨bFanaFibtI

ehIyExkJïa 1972 xÆ¬MVncUlrYmk~¬gKNbk§sgðmsaFarNrd½ drabCab'eq~atCa

smaC^ksPaCatinItikalTImYysBÃ«f©enH.

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[rYbrYmCamYyekItenHm´a"g m´a"geTot cg'cUleTACYytE¨mt¨mg'ExµrK~aeyIg[eqõaHeTATisEt

mYypg. xÆ¬Mminyl'esaH cMeJHG~kxÂHEdlecHEtmanH minCYyK~aesaH edayKitEtBICYyKN

bk§eTAv^j cg'Catiliclg'dl'Nadl'NIk*eday. G~kkan'karrd½enaHCaK~aeK Gjminrvl'eTA

eboteT cSKNbk§Gj K~aGjeLIgkan'karswmGjrvl'CamYy. xÆ¬MminEdlKitdUec~HeT

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Edr minEdlsíb'eT enAEttamrab'Gan enAEt¨sLaj' ÓTahrN_cºas'sBelak V"c-QWn

(«f©16tula1971) sBelak Cu÷-mYg (BI«f©11mIna1973) KWmanrUbxÆ¬MCaG~kcat'EcgelIkdak' erobcMedaypæal'@

Edr.

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manG~kxÂHecjBIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ eTAcUlKNbk§saFarNrd½ GIcwgEdr. xÆ¬Myl'fa vadUcCaTuTid^½niymeBk ebIeyIg¨bkan'EtKNbk§mYy@.

²LèvxÆ¬MsUmv^lEbrmkeJlGMBIcritExµr e¨kay 18 mIna 1970 tmkeTotenH etIman

xusEbÂkbu"nµanBIrbbraCniymeT? pÂas'Etrbb bu"En¶mnus§manpÂas'TSgGs'K~aäNa? xYrkºal Exµr critExµr manpÂas'äNa? KMnitcg'FMdac'Etäg, KMnitriHKn'Q~anIsK~a, KMnitkab'smÂab'bMVt'

Cév^tK~a, KMnit¨bTUsr"ayK~aKµanQb'Qr, KMnitbk§BYkniym Gjniym, emIlgayeK GaenaH minekIt GaenHminepH GaenHGIecH GaenaHGIcuHùùù mindl'BYkeyIgeT, .l. nig .l. enAman

dEdlk~¬gsgðmExµr.

R R

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nUvehtukarN_TSgLayEdls[eXIjfa

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eyIgecHEtmancrit

k~¬gq~S 1970 mund÷bUgvrCneyIg ¨bCaBlrd½eyIgrYbrYmK~alíNas'. TSgelak sWg-

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K~aeFÃIGÃIeFÃICamYyK~a Kµanr{szanesaHeLIy drabdl'¨bkas¨beTsExµrCasaFarNrd½ kalBI

«f© 9 tula 1970 eTot. äs¨tèvecamvayeyIge¨Jg¨Jt bu"En¶sµartIeyIgKµanejacj&r cMeJHxµSgbu"nµaneT

eyIgsgô·mfa

Nas' TSgvrCn TSg¨bCaBlrd½.

GacnwgkMcat's¨tèèveTAv^jVn.

eyIgmansamKðImutmS

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xUc«deqÃgeCégeqÃg ehIy¨tèvecjeTAB´aVlenAbreTs rhUtdl'«f©TI 12 emsa eTIb¨tLb'

mkv^j. sÄankarN_k~¬g¨sukdUcCalík'xÃl'e¨JHenA«f©TI 20 emsa 1971 elak ln'-nl' dak'Jk´suMlaElgBId÷ENgnaykrd½mån¶I cMeJHelak ecg-ehg ¨bmuxrd½. «f© 21 emsa

47 elak ecg-ehg GnuJïattamJk´suMrbs'elak ln'-nl' EtelaksuM[elak ln'-nl'

erobcMKN:rd½mån¶I. -

«f© 23 emsa enAv^manrd½cMkarmn elak¨bmuxrd½ edaymansPaTSgBIr nigrd½mån¶I eXasnakarcUlrYmpg

bl'erOgv^bti¶KN:rd½mån¶I.

VnCYbsnænaCamYyGgðkarsarBtámanCatiedémºIb¶èreya

«f© 28 emsa elak ln'-nl' CUnd÷NwgeTAelak ecg-ehg v^jfa elakBuMGac

erobcMKN:rd½mån¶IVneT. -

«f© 29 emsa edayelak nl'-nl' BuMGacEtgtSgKN:rd½mån¶IVn elak¨bmuxrd½

e¨kayBIVnBie¨KaHCamYy¨bFanrd½sPa nig¨bFan¨kum¨bwk§asaFarNrd½ (kal

eNaHehAdUec~aH) k*Vnes~Ielak suIsuvtÄi sirimt: [erobcMKN:rd½mån¶I. elak sirimt: fa cSKitemIlsin.

«f©TI 30 emsa elak sirimt:tbeTAelak ecg-ehg v^jfa elaks¶ayNas'

edayBMuGacEtgtSgKN:rd½mån¶IfµéVn BIe¨JH Ð TI 1 elakCard½mån¶Icas'cg'[

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Gs'pÂèvk*es~IeTAelak CYb-Ehßl GtIt¨bFanrd½sPa [EtgtSgKN:rd½mån¶I.

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«f© 3 ÓsPa elak Giun-tS VneqÂIytbfaelakBuMGace¨CéstSgKNrd½mån¶IVn eT.

eTAäeNHBuMGaceTAäeNaHBuMGac

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KWelak

ecg-ehg,

elak ln'-nl', elak suIsuvtiÄ sirimt:, elak Giun-tS, elak Gußg-swum. TSgGs'K~at¨mèv [elak ln'-nl' e¨CéstSgKN:rd½mån¶I. TMrSEtniyay¨tèvK~a

elgTeT. -

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mån¶I. smaC^ksMxan' KWelak ln'-nl' Canaykrd½mån¶I, elak sirimt: Canayk

¨btiPU, elak Giun-tS CaÓbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 1, elak sux-qug CaÓbnayk rd½mån¶ITI 2, elak hg§-Funhak' Óbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 3.

Gs'elakG~kenAkt'sMKal'eXIjfa Gs'elakvrCnTSgGs'enH enArYbrYmK~aKYrsresIr.

k~¬gExmifuna-kkûda bJúaxÃHGgûrVnecaTeLIgKYr[¨BWkºalrhUtdl'FÂak'elak Xwg-

«flI BId÷ENgrd½mån¶I¨ksYgÓs§ahkmµ nig p¶l'Ps¶¬Par.

48 ¨kwt´ 468/71bùrù cuH«f© 29-5-71

tSgKN:kmµkarcMruHTUlMTUlay TTYlbnæ¬kerob

cMesck¶I¨Jgedémrd½FmµnuJï«nsaFarNrd½ExµrmansmaC^k 3 nak' tMNagGgðkarrd½nimYy@ nig

smaKmnimYy@. ry:eBleFÃIrd½FmµnuJï : 3 Ex.

«f© 16 mifuna 1971 em"ag 9 ¨Bwk elak sirimt: VnebIkBiFI (¨bkasnaykelx

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karcMruHedaymanelak mas-saäm Ca¨BwTì¨bFanbeN¶aHGasn~ VneVHeq~ate¨CéserIs¨b

Fan Gnu¨bFanTSgBIrnigKN:kmµkarEtgesck¶I 15 nak'. lTìpl«nkareVHeq~at KW ¨bFan

elak sU-ENm, Gnu¨bFanTI1 elak Duk-r"asuI, Gnu¨bFanTI 2 elak ¨Tij-va"j. KN:kmµkarcMruHenHVneFÃIkary"agskmµmk.

«f© 6 sIha 1971 elak sirimt: eTAshrd½Gaemrik rhUtdl'«f© 30 sIha eTIb

¨tLb'mkv^j VneCaKC&y¨tcH¨tcg'. -

«f©esAr_ TI 4 kJïa elak sirimt: VneFÃIsn~isITmYyraykarN_GMBIlTìplEdl

elakVneTATak'Tgnwgshrd½Gaemrik ehIyelakfa [EteyIgrYbrYmK~ay"aglí

teTAeTot eKnwgkan'EtCYyeyIgeTÃreLIgeTot. s¶ab'elak sirimt: nS[sbºay

cit¶Nas'. KW¨tèvEtsamKðI bu"En¶TnæwmnwgeBlenaH mind·gehtudUcem¶c ¨sab'EtenA

rd½sPaäeNaH tMNagraås¶ 36 nak' eFÃIjti¶suMdkelak Ey"m-sMbUr ecjBI

tMENg¨bFan. -

«f© 16 ExkJïa 1971, e¨kayBIeBlCECkK~aEbkEp§gmk k~¬gerOgTmÂak'elak

Ey"m-sMbUr rd½sPaeVHeq~atsm©at'man 24 semÂg[TmÂak'tamjti¶ man 31

semÂg[Tuk. dUec~Helak Ey"m-sMbUr enAteTAeTot. CECkK~aenaHnS[mnus§Ebk

samKðImintic. bnæab'enaH enAes©¿m@ ¨sab'Et«f© 24 kJïa elak Giun-tS EdlCa

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¨kwt´elx 570/71bùrù cuH«f© 4-10-71 KN:kmµkarc¨muHEtgrd½FmµnuJï ¨tèvVn

Bn´aeBl 2 Ex teTAeTot bu"En¶mind·gehtudUcem¶c ¨sab'Etman¨kwt´elx 609/

71bùrù cuH«f© 16-10-71 begûétsPaFmµnuJï edaybJÍèlsPaTSgBIr cab'tSgBI «f© 18 tula 1971 teTA.

KN:rd½mån¶Ie¨CéserIsEfmfµé KWelak Twm-gYn Óbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 1 TTYlbnæ¬kTIs¶I

karnaykrd½mån¶I

nigkars¨mbs¨mçlxagmha«pæ

saFarNkar nigeTBekasl´CnbT. -

sn¶isuxCati

elak qn-suxum eTsrd½mån¶I¨ksYgÓs§ahkmµnigsbºiykmµ.

Fmµkaryut¶iFmá

elakÓt¶mesniy¨tI zabºNag^n~ rd½mån¶I¨ksYgmha«pæ sn¶isuxCati nigkmµkar.

49 -

elak m"aLay-exm rd½mån¶I¨ksYgJNiCØkmµ nigp¶l'Ps¶¬Par.

«f©TI 20 tula ¨BHsgôenAP~MeBjVneFÃIVtukmµs©b's©at'enAmuxvt¶Garam TamTar[

elak ln'-nl' eFÃI¨bmuxrd½ ¨BmTSgbiTJk´esÂak suM[t¨mwmt¨mg'nUvkicÍkarrd½TSgLay

Edlelí¿geXÂ¿gXÂat. -

«f©TI 8 v^cÏika 1971 elak ecg-ehg ebIkBiFI¨bkasCapÂèvkarnUvsPaFmµnuJï.

eBlenaHsPaFmµnuJïeVHeq~ate¨CéstSg¨bFannigGnu¨bFan VnlTìpl elak

Giun-tS Ca¨bFan, elak Bin-yWn CaGnu¨bFanTI 1, elak ekIt-KIhßag Gnu ¨bFanTI 2.

eyIgeXIjfa elak Guin-tS EdleKhUtgarenaH ¨tèvmanmuxecjmkeTottamry:sPa

FmµnuJïenH.

sUmC¨mabfa

sÄankarN_swkeBlenaH

eyIgvayeTAkan'ext¶kMBg'FM

VneTAdl'P~M

snæ¬k ¨sab'Etfymkv^j¨kak@ Gs'rlIg ehIysÄankarN_xaglicP~MeBj (TYlelob) k* ke¨mIky"agF©n'F©r¨BYyVrm¸ EtVnFUreTAv^jenAcugExF~è 1971 enaH.

sgô·mfa q~S 1972 EbbVn¨sçl bu"En¶mindUec~aH EbrCamanerOgt@ eTot :

- «f©TI 8 mina 1972 ¨sab'Etmanjti¶rbs'nis§itmhav^T´al&ynItisaås¶ nig

v^T´asaås¶esd½kicÍ CUnsPaFmµnuJï sUmes~ImuWgma"t' min[dak'k~¬gkal:eTs:NaEdl

kareVHeq~atBuMGac¨b¨Bwt¶eTAVnenaH

buKðlNamanQamC&rCaes¶c[kan'tMENgFM@

rbs'saFarNrd½Exµr dUcmanEcgxage¨kamenH 1- ¨bFanaFibtI

2- Gnu¨bFanaFibtI

3- naykrd½mån¶I É rd½mån¶I

4- nayGKðesnaFikarkgeyaFBlexmrCati

«f© 9 miIna nis§it¨bCu÷y"agFMenAsalsn~isITctumux ehAfasmaCyuvCn manbiT

bdae¨Jg¨JtsuTìEtJk´esÂakfa : kuMPryuvCn, GF´a¨s&ymnus§BukrlYyKW

kºt'Cati, kuMEckGMNacdUcEcknMK~asIu .l.

enATIbJÍb' smaCse¨mcfa :

ÇeyIgCayuvCnElgTukcit¶rd½aPiVlelakÓt¶mesniy sirimt: ehIyÈ

EsíkeLIg«f© 10 mIna 1972 enAkMEBgvt¶ekaH vt¶lgûa manbdaKS¨Tesck¶IsMerccit¶

rbs'smaCyuvCn. k~¬gl©acenaH elak ecg-ehg EfÂgtamv^T´¬fa elakGs'lTìPaBnwgbMerI

¨beTsk~¬gzan:Ca¨bmuxrd½teTAeTotehIy elaksuMepærzan:enHeTAelak ln'-nl' v^j.

minEtbu"eNöaH em"ag 21 yb' elak ln'-nl' k~¬gsarrbs'elak EdlTTYlzan:

¨bmuxrd½BIelak ecg-ehg elakk*Vn[sPaFmµnuJïQb'cb'skmµPaBeTAEdr.

50 En±! vaeTACaGIcwg nis§itminTukcit¶elak sirimt: vaeTACaGs'manelak ecg-ehg

ehIymkrlIgäsPaFmµnuJï! sµ¬KsµajsemºIm! -

«f© 12 mIna elak¨bmuxrd½ ln'-nl' VnEfÂgsarEkE¨bzan:¨bmuxrd½ [eTACaman

¨bFanaFibtI edayEcgfa :

1- ¨bmuxrd½Exµr

nwgmaneQµaHCa¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½BI¨twmeNHeTA.

2- ¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½Exµr

CaGKðembJØakar«nkgeyaFBlexmr Cati.

3- ¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½Exµr

TTYlxÂçnägnUvmuxgarCanaykrd½mån¶I.

¨bFanaFibtImanrd½mån¶ITI

m~ak'CaC÷nYy

skmµPaBnigkicÍkar«nsmaC^kTSgLay manTI¨bwk§anig

ÓbkarIGmpg.

k~¬g

kicÍkarenH

edémºIs¨mbs¨mçl «nKN:rd½mån¶I.

manxuTækal&ynIti¨btibti¶mYy

nig¨kum¨bwk§aCatixagsn¶i suxCaC÷nYypg.

elak ln'-nl' eFÃIbuN´sem¸aFzan:rbs'elakenA«f©TI 14 mIna 1972 edayman

¨BHsgô 108 Ggð Ót¶mesniy vresniy nig[¨bCaBlrd½¨sI¨buscUlrYm.

karenHExµrsgô·mfaVnsux¨sçlehIy mind·gCay"agem"c ¨sab'Etmanv^bti¶KN:rd½

mån¶IeTot vévrrvl'nwgrkvrCnm~ak'[mke¨CéserIsKN:rd½mån¶Ifµé. rkäeNHBuMVn äeNaHBuMekIt k*eTAehAelak sWg-gu"kfaj' BI«¨BnKr[mkerobcMKN:rd½mån¶I.

eyIgrvl'nwgerOgenH k*¨sab'EtxµSge¨sac¨Kab'ru"EkûtcUl¨kugBIra¨tITI 20 eTA 21 mIna

y"agsemºIm sÂab'Gs'mnus§ 112 nak' KYr[QWcab'Nas'. exæcv^T´¬sæwgmanC&y. elak¨bFanaFibtI ln'-nl' EfÂgsarerOgenHfa¨VkdCamanG~kk~¬g[«d.

äcMENkelak sWg-g"ukfaj' k*VnerobcMKN:rd½mån¶Itam{vaTrbs'elak ln'-nl'

eTAtamrebob Régime Présidentiel .

¨sab'Et«f© 24 mIna eKeXIjxitb&Nö¨bqSgnwgelak¨Kè exov-Cu÷ EdlecHEtc¨cb'

Gar"beTAC÷nuMCamYysis§ nS[manbriyakasminlí.

ehIysem¶c¨BHsgôraCKN:mhanikayk*¨tèvbgÅ÷¨BHT&y[EfÂgsarmYy

elak¨Kè exov-Cu÷ Edr.

«f© 28 mIna manbdae¨Jg¨JtenAtammhav^T´al&ynanafa:

kuMekNëraås¶[E¨sk Ceya!

kuMecaTyuvCnfabegûétGanaFibety´ ! kMeTcecal[Gs'kMEGlsk¶iPUmi ! eTAehIy mkv^jEqû !

benæas

51 ehIyenA«f© 29 mIna enAsaklv^T´al&yP~MeBj mansmaCyuvCnmYy karJrelak

ta V"g-xat' nig exov-Cu÷ EdlecHEtÓs§ah_mkcUlrYm¨bCu÷CamYysis§ tamesck¶Inimn¶rbs'

sis§.

sÄankarN_v^lvl'rbs'sis§enH VnlatEvgGnÂayrhUtdl'«f© 23 emsa 1972

mhav^T´al&ycºab'¨tèvGaCÆaFrGavuFhtÄB&TìCu÷v^j. enAk~¬genaH manelak Ekv-Gn nignisi§t

kuy-biuc.

äelak sWg-gu"kfaj' ¨bkask~¬g«f©enaH[sis§enA[es©¿m kuMrMeCébrMCYl.

«f© 26 emsa sÄankarN_Gab'GYVnekIteLIg ¨kumVtukrrab'Jn'nak' EdlVnTmÂay

rnSghamXat'kalBI¨BwkenaH VnsÄitenAmuxmhav^T´al&ycºab' manmI¨kèE¨skedomdam[ rd½aPiVl. ehIyem"ag 17 k*nSK~aecaldu÷fµmkelIGavuFhtÄ GavuFhtÄk*ecal¨Kab'EbkEp§g

¨BmTSgs~èrkSePÂIgGs' 5 naTI Vtukrrt'Can'K~a. VtukrE¨skeCrBYkGavuFhtÄy"agxÂSg. Esík

eLIgeTotGFikrN_manteTAeTot Vj'K~a¨cgab'¨cg^lenATIenaH.

enHCaelIkTI 1 ehIy EdlGFikrN_ekIteLIgrvagsis§ nigGaCÆaFr.

elak fac'-Ca rd½mån¶I¨ksYgGb'rMCati sU¨ttamv^T´¬GMJvnav[sis§dak'GavuFcuHenA

em"ag 14 «f©TI 27 emsa.

«f© 28 emsa Vtukmµy"agFMenAv^manäkraC´ sis§Jk'kMNat'exµAenAGav nigCYtkºal

kMNat's

manTmÂak'CaybIdUckan'TukÅexµaccin-yYn

EteKkan'TukÅexµacK~aeKEdlfaGavuFhtÄ

Vj'smÂab'enaH. manbdaeCrrd½aPiVly"agsemºIm : Vj'yuvCnKWCaTmiL ! braC&yrd½aPiVlp¶ac'kar sWg-gu"kfaj' smÂab'yuvCn manEtrd½aPiVlExµreT EdlsmÂab'yuvCn !

ehIyeKeXasnaK¨KwkKe¨Kg Vn¨Vk'kassnìwk. eBlenaHnisi§t kuy-buic Edl

Caem«nerOg EbrCamk¨bkastamv^T´¬suMeTasrd½aPiVlqû¬y. -

elak ln'-nl' EfÂgsarsuM[sis§EdleFÃIbuNénAv^manäkraCénaH Qb'eFÃI buNÉdlKµanexµacenaHteTAeTot

edémºI[manreboberobryk~¬gsgðm.

xµSgkMBugrarSgeyIgkuM[eVHeq~atVnenA«f©

emsa

elakfa

elaksuM[sis§s©b'cS

eVHeq~atGnumtielIKe¨magrd½FmµnuJïsin. Etsis§Elgs¶ab' eKenAEteTA enAedk

Cu÷v^jv^manäkraC´bn¶buN´dEdl.

suMrMlwkfa eBlenaHcM«f©BisaxbUCapg buN´BisaxbUCa eKeFÃI¨Kvés¨Kvas[rYcEtBI

«d e¨JHrvl'nwgerOgclaclsis§enAv^manäkraC´enaH.

«f© 30 emsa 1973 Ca«f©eVHeq~atbeJÍjmtielIKe¨magrd½FmµnuJïfµé. TahannigsIu

v^lk*VneTAeVHeq~at

eTaHbIxµSgekobsgût'nigK¨mamkMEhgy"agNak*eday.

rd½FmµnuJïenH

G~kxÂHfaminlí minekIt G~kxÂHfadUec~H xÂHfadUec~aH KWfaeyIgKµanäkPaBGÃIeT. bu"En¶eday¨beTs

nimYy@ ¨tèvEtmanrd½FmµnuJïenaH rd½aPiVl¨tèvEtbgÅ÷[ecjcºab'enaHxanBuMVn líGa¨kk'cSEk

kun«f©e¨kay.

52 -

rd½FmµnuJïsaFarNrd½Exµr ¨tèvelak¨bFanaFitI ln'-nl' ¨bkas[e¨bIenA«f©TI

12 ÓsPa 1972 tmk.

cb'erOgenH k*elcerOgrbs'buKðliksik§aeFÃIkUdkmµcMeJHerOgEdlrd½aPiVlbJÍ¬H¨kb

x&NëbuKðliksik§a BI¨bePT ÇxÈ mkenA¨bePT ÇKÈ v^j. -

kUdkmµbuKðlikenA¨ksYgmha«pæTSgBIr¨bePT KWelxaFikar-elxharI TamTar¨kb

x&Në[esµénig¨kbx&Në¨Kèbzmsik§a nig¨kbx&NëP~ak'garnKrVlCati.

kUdkmµbuKðlikBnìnaKarGnurk§ cMnYn¨bEhl 200 nak' TSg¨sITSg¨busTamTar ¨kbx&Nërbs'xÂçn[esµInwg¨kbx&NëbU"lIsEdr (¨kbx&Në K). rd½aPiVllÃIgmuxral'«f©.

eBlenaHdUcCaKµanemKµanekaymind·gCas¶ab'nr-

Na. bu"En¶y"agNak*eday ¨beTsExµr¨tèvEteVHeq~ate¨CéserIs¨bFanaFibtI. -

«f©TI 21 ÓsPa ¨ksYgmha«pæVn¨bkasnamebkÅCn¨bFanaFibtI KWman : elak Ekv-Gn Gayu 41 q~S

elak ln'-nl' Gayu 59 q~S elak Giun-tS Gayu 50 q~S

elak Giun-tS nig ln'-nl' man«deCégeXasnaK¨KwkKe¨KgsemºImNas'

cugcb'elak ln'-nl' k*VnCab'eq~ateTA.

«f© 21 mifuna elak ln'-nl' EfÂgsar[¨bCaBlrd½rYbrYmK~aTSgGs' edémºIsMerc

eKalkar KW : -

rd½aPiVlCYy

¨bCaBlrd½EdlmanesrIPaB CaG~kksagCévPaBxÂçnäg

G~kbecÍkeTsCYyÓbtÄm¸ CYybgúat'be¨g¿nnigCYyd·knS.

GgðkarrYbrYmK~aenaHelak[eQµaHfa: ÇGgðkarCatib¨gçbb¨gçmExµrG~kCatiniymÈ VrSg

ehAfa: ÇRassemblement National de l'Union Nationaliste.È bu"En¶hak'KµannrNaeGIeBInwgelakesaH.

bu"En¶y"agNak*eday «f©TI 3 nigTI 4 kkûda 1972, elak ln'-nl' k*¨tèvEtVnEtg

tSgCa¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½Exµry"aghwukhßak'Edr. BIenaHmkenH

Gs'elakG~kGackt'sMKal'Vnfa

vrCneyIgcab'ep¶émEbkVk'K~aEmn

ETnehIy. cUlmkk~¬gExsIha 1972 KNbk§bI¨kumk*ekIteLIg ehIymankmÂSgsemºIm@ KW KNbk§sgðmsaFarNrd½

e¨kamkarÓbtÄm¸rbs'elak

ln'-nl',

KNbk§saFarNrd½

rbs'elak sirimt:, KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ rbs'elak Giun-tS. KNbk§nimYy@ suTìEt

mansarBtámanp§ayerog@ xÂçn. ehIyeKd·gfa kaEstd÷NwgeBl¨Bwk nigkaEstexmraFibtI

Edlsresr¨T¨Tg'KNbk§saFarNrd½ nigriHKn'rd½aPiVl¨tg'@ enaH KWCakaEstbk§BYk rbs'saFarNrd½Edr. ¨bCaraås¶ExµrLb'sµartI mind·gCas¶ab'xagNa eC¯xagNaeT.

53 erOgeVHeq~aterIstMNagraås¶ sPaCati ¨tèv¨b¨Bwt¶eTAenA«f©TI 3 kJïa 1972; eVH

eq~ate¨CéserIs¨BwTìsPaCati ¨tèv¨b¨Bwt¶eTA enA«f©TI 17 kJïa 1972.

bu"En¶eGIyep¶émeLIg ¨sab'KNbk§saFarNrd½rbs'elak sirimt: VnepÆélixiteTACUn

elak ln'-nl' mancMNuc 5 x suMtva"GMBIbJïti¶eVHeq~at elx 45-72 bsx cuH«f©TI 127-72 ehIy¨ksYgmha«pæEbrCaeqÂéyCYsVnEt 1 x bu"eNöaH KNbk§enHk*se¨mcfa: 1- mincUlrYmk~¬gkareVHeq~atenaHeT,

2- sUmdkesck¶ITukcit¶TSg¨sugBIrd½aPiVlbcÍ¬bºn~,

3- KNbk§enAEtrk§asiTiìCaKNbk§neyaVyskmµ .

ehIykaEstrbs'KNbk§enH Vnsresry"agxÂSg@semºIm dUcCasresrelIkºal

kaEstk~¬g«f©TI 11 sIha 1972 fa: mnus§«¨BFÂab'e¨bIcºab'«¨B luHdl'cUlmkk~¬g¨suk k*enA

Ete¨bIcºab'«¨BdEdl, karecHfyedémºIedaH¨saybJúaCati BuMEmnCakarkMsakeT KWCaesck¶IkÂa hank~¬gkicÍCatirs' !

bnæab'BIKNbk§saFarNrd½dkfymincUl¨bkYteVHeq~atenaH KNbk§¨bCaFiety´

kºald÷rIrbs'elak Giun-tS rYm¨bCu÷l©ac«f©TI 5 sIha k*tSgse¨mcEdrfa : 1- dkxÂçnmincUl¨bLèkk~¬gkareVHeq~ateT,

2- efûalkMhuscMeJHkarrMelaPCaGci«ån¶y_ BIsMNak'rd½aPiVleTAelIeKalsMxan'@ «nlTiì¨bCaFibety´ nigrd½FmµnuJï,

3- se¨mcminTTYlsðal'lTìpl«nkareVHeq~atxagmux ehIyTuklTìplenaHfaKµan PaBtMNagCatiTal'EtesaH.

Gs'elakG~keXIjehIy

vas'TMhMenaHVneT?

nUvG~kd·knSbd^vt¶n_eyIgEbkVk'K~abu"Nöa?

eyIgGacnwg

äBYkKNbk§sgðmsaFarNrd½ EdlVnmkelak hg§-Funhak' kan'garCaGKðel-

xaFikarenaH k*ecHEtT¨Twb@ eTA muxEqûE¨sCe¨mA (mux¨kas') edérGgÃrraås¶[yl'erOgsÄab&n

Cati¨Kb'kEnÂg e¨JHKNbk§enHyl'fa Cati¨tèvmanGgðkarCasÄab&n¨Kb'sBÃs¨mab'niyay kark~¬gGgðkarsh¨bCaCati.

¨KaenH vrCneromcºgTSgGs' emIlmuxK~aElgcMEmnETnehIy rIäkUnecA«deCégm~ak'@

enaH k*kan'eCégecAhÃaynay E¨skekakkak@ efûaleTasK~aeTAv^jeTAmkKµan¨bNI.

xÆ¬MnwkeXIjdl'kaleXasnaKNbk§ kalBI«m¸VÂyq~SknÂgeTAehIy sm&yenaHeK

eCrK~aCaElºg dUcCafa kuMeC¯¨bCaFibety´BIe¨JH Ç«t-k-vak'È KWTak'k«v" BYkenHsahav Nas'; kuMeC¯esrIPaB BIe¨JHBYkenH ÇPabrUtÈ KWPUtrab PrrhUt; kuMeTAykd÷rIkMbutk man

kºal²txÂçnc«¨gNas'; kuMeTAkan'rUb¨VsaTdak'Gacm_¨beC¿v; kuMeTAeC¯hnumanEdlkMBuglI

EpndéeTAlk' .l. xÂH¨btis½erOgGasGaPasep§g@ dUcCafa hnumanshaynwgnagKgúég

.l. KWeKecaTK~aesIcelg KµanKitdl'eKalKMnit «nKNbk§esaHeLIy. eKKµanykeKal neyaVyd·knS¨sukeTs

Edlfa¨tèveFÃIy"agNa@

eTIbVncMerInenaHmkeJlesaHeLIy.

54 ¨bCaraås¶Exµrv^lvl'vegÃg l©g'enAEtl©g'Kµansðal'maKáacºas'erOgneyaVy¨suk drabsBÃ «f©. sm&yenaHvadUec~aH dl'mksm&yenHehIy k*vaenAEtdUec~aHeTot KYrs¶ay !

karTas'ETgExÃgKMnitK~aenH KµannrNaGacrMgab'VneT. xÆ¬Mk*ecHEtnwkfa {! eBlenH

¨bsinebIman¨BH²næ ¨BH¨Bhµ ymyk§Namke¨Vs h~± , ¨bEhlCaVn¨tèvr"UvK~axÂH. ehIy

Gs'elakG~kk*¨bEhlCaVnKitdUcxÆ¬MEdr minGIucwgÉ? eyIgBiVkcit¶dUc@ K~a. bu"En¶manrsµI

mYyEdlnS[PÂWk~¬gerOgenH.

k~¬geBlEdlxÆ¬MkMBugnwkp§genaH

¨sab'Etsem¶c¨BHsgôraC

hYt-tat elakVnehAxÆ¬MeTABie¨KaHniwgelak. elakman¨BHbnæèlsYrfa sÄankarN_sBÃ«f©

clacleBjTMhwg ävrCneyIgTas'K~aeBjlº¬g etIelak m"ul ägyl'y"agNaEdr? xÆ¬Mnwk eXIjfamanEtsem¶ceT eTIbBYkenaHs¶ab'xÂH eTIbxÆ¬MTUleTA¨BHGgðfa : -

sUm¨Tg'emt¶ae¨Vs,

TUlbgð÷yl'fa manEtsem¶ceT Edl¨bEhlCaBYkvrCn

eyIgenAeKarBs¶ab'xÂH sUmsem¶csresrlixiteTAes~IBYkenaH [rYmK~aeLIgv^jeTA ¨bEhlCa

manlTìpl¨besIr. elaksYrmkxÆ¬Mv^jfa : GatµaKitfanwgsresreTAehIy bu"En¶vaKµanG~kkan'

sMbu¨tenaH ykeTACUnGs'elakTSgenaHedaypæal'@ «d. xÆ¬Mk*TUlelakv^j¨bjab'fa : TUl

bgð÷FanaykeTACUnvrCnTSgenaHedaypæal'«d suMsem¶ceFÃIsMbu¨tenaHmkcuH. sem¶c¨BHsgô

raCk*eFÃIsMbu¨tTSgbICasm©at' [xÆ¬MnSeTACUnelakTSgGs'[rYbrYmK~a xÆ¬Mk*VnnSsMbu¨tenaHeTA

CUnelak ln'-nl', elak sirimt:, elak ecg-ehg dl'TIlMenA. äelak Guin-tS sem¶c

elake¨bIesµ¿nelak[ykeTACUn. «f©e¨kaymkk*eXIjelak sirimt:, elak ecg-ehg nig

elak Giun-tS eFÃIlixitrYmK~aepÆéfÃaysem¶cv^jfa Gs'elakGr¨BHKuNsem¶cNas' ehIyfa ¨bugnwgrYbrYmK~aEdr BuMcg'EbkVk'eT.

sem¶c¨BHsgôraCk*elakmanGMNr.

xÆ¬MEdlCaG~knSkarN_k*VnsbºayEdr

bu"En¶

eBlEdlKNbk§sgðmsaFarNrd½kMBugcat'ebkÅCneXasna¨Twb@ Etäg munnwgdl'«f©eVH

eq~atcMnYn 13 «f© KW«f© 21 sIha 1972 eBl¨Bwk ¨sab'EtùùkëSg ! ¨Kab'EbkVÂsæikmYypæ¬H eLIg sMedAeTA¨bugp¶ac'Cév^telak sWg-gu"kfaj' rd½mån¶ITI 1 nigCard½mån¶IkarbreTsExµr! bHsk'! Gs'G~k¨kugP~MeBj nigG~k¨bvti¶saås¶ebIkEP~kFM@ .

En! G~kneyaVyExµr elgeLIgsuTìEtGIcwg. elak sWg-g"ukfaj' ¨Vb'BYkkaEstfa

G~kEdl¨Vf~aCév^telak CaG~kFÂab'eFÃITahan minEmns¨tève¨kAeT KWs¨tèvk~¬gEtm¶g elakfa

elak²txÂacsÂab'eT

e¨JHCév^telak

elakykmk[Exµre¨bIehIy

ebImaneKBuMeBjcit¶nwg

elak eKcg'bMVt'elak k*mind·gCanwgKiteFÃIem¶c. p§g@ eTAcuH sÂab'k*sÂab'eTA !

Emn, elak sWg-gu"kfaj' Camnus§neyaVytSgBIq~S 1930 FÂab'ecal¨suk ecal

E¨s ecalEm" ecalÒ FÂab'Cab'Kuk¨cvak' FÂab'enA«¨BsIuGt'sIuXÂan, FÂab'¨tèveKeCrtamv^T´¬ya"g cas'«dkalBIq~S 1963 fakºt'Cati elakeTIbEtVneGItkºalmkCan'¨sukExµr e¨kay¨Bwti¶-

karN_ 18 mIna k*¨sab'Etrge¨KaHGa¨kk'eTot mkrgfµVk' ¨tèvkUnsis§eCreBjemX kalBI

Exemsa ehIyminTan'Vns©b'pg k*¨sab'Etmkbß^HsÂab'EbbFUrlú¬yy"agenHeTAeTot. KiteTA dUcCaGasUrelakEdr. enHsMdéG~k¨tiHriHeKeJl.

55 cMENkxÆ¬M xÆ¬MPÆak'FÂak'Twkcit¶fa {! G~kneyaVyExµr! ebIelgeLIg suTìEt¨Vf~abMVt'

¨semalK~aGIcwg etI«f©NaeLIynwgVnfû¬÷efûég! {! ebIminVnfû¬÷efûégeTk*hIeTAcuH GaNitEtkuM[

rwtEt{nfyeTAeTotenaH. karkab'smÂab'K~aenH muxKYr[s¶ayNas'. rab'eQµaHemIl G~kecH

d·gExµreyIgmanbu"nµannak'? ebIrvl'Etlbkab'smÂab'K~aGIcwg cugcb'vaenAsl'GÃI? mannrNa d·knSnrNa? ebIeyIgmineBjcit¶nwgelak sWg-gu"kfaj'eT elak sWg-g"ukfaj'ecHExµrEdretI em"cminniyay¨Vb'[¨tg'eTA? m´a"geTotelak sWg-gu"kfaj'enH Kat'mkedémºIbågðb'kicÍEdl

fa¨tèvbegûét[mansÄab&nCati¨Kb'sBÃeTetI cb'ehIyKat'Qb' Kat'man¨kajcg'd·knSäNa? em"ck*mincSemIlKat'sin?

bu"En¶! critExµreyIg!!! eGIeFÃIem"cebIvaGIcwgBIkMeNItmkehIyenaH!!! EkBuMVn! xÆ¬Mmind·gCa

eQµaHNaenAk~¬g¨kumNaeT Edl¨bugsmÂab'elak sWg-g"ukfaj'enaH bu"En¶xÆ¬MeC¯fa G~kenaHk*KW CaExµrEdr. -

«f©TI 3 kJïa 1972 eVHeq~ate¨CéserIssPaCati

«f©TI 17 kJïa 1972 eVHeq~ate¨CéserIs¨BWTìsPa : eBlTSgenaHVn¨b¨Bwti¶eTAeday¨sçl .

luHdl'cUlmkExtula 1972 mankarkt'sMKal'mYyeTot KW«f©TI 14 tula 1972

KN:mån¶Irbs'elak sWg-gu"kfaj' tSgeLIgeday¨kwt´elx 187/72 PRK «f©21mIna1972 Vndak'Jk´suMlaElg cMeJHelakesna¨bmux ln'-nl' .

elakesna¨bmux¨bFanaFibtIVncat'[elak hg§-Funhak' GKðelxaFikarKNbk§

sgðmsaFarNrd½[erobcMKN:rd½mån¶Ifµé. KN:rd½mån¶IfµéekIteLIgeday¨kwt´elx 785/72 PRK cuH«f© 15 tula 1972 maneTsrd½mån¶I 4 rUb, rd½mån¶Ifµé 11 rUb nigrd½elxaFikar 5 rUb . -

«f© 17 tula KN:rd½mån¶Ifµé VnbgúajxÂçncMeJHshsPa.

ehIyTSgGs'K~a cab'eFÃIkarteTA edaymansgô·mfaVnce¨mIn¨sukeTs.

srubk~¬gq~S 1972 eyIgEbkVk'K~ay"agxÂSg ehIypèÂvCatielx 1 BIG~kelOgeTAsÃay

erog eyIgeTAElgrYc TIext¶ TI¨kugrYjcUlk~¬gbn¶icm¶g . eyIgcUlmkk~¬gq~S 1973.

eyIgral'K~aeC¯fa ¨bEhlCaeyIgEqítqín'nwgerOg¨bTUsr"ay eCrK~a Vtukmµ kUdkmµ síI

eTotehIy. bu"En¶cSemIl? tºèg.

«f©TI 27 mkra 1973 GaemrikSgnigyYnxageCégcuHhtÄelxaQb'cºSgenAyYnxag elakesna¨bmuxExµr

¨sçl@ ecjeTAv^j.

bJØa[TahanenAk~¬gbnæayTuk{kas[yYnxageCégdkT&BeTA

eyIgmanBnÂWsgô·m! bu"En¶¨sab'Et¨Bwb@ BYk«¨BkånæwbT&Brd½aPiVlesæIr¨Kb'kEnÂg eFÃI[

sÂab'Exµrekµgcas'eTÃelIsedém! xageNH¨Kab'Ebk xageNaHp¶k'cUl ! bUkK~aeTAm"d½@ TSgPUmi !

nrNacaj'? nrNaQ~H? eqÂIyfa Exµrcaj'TSgGs'K~a ! enHerOgcºSg. äerOgkicÍkarrd½v^j

elakkug§Iy_kicÍkaresd½kicÍnighirJïvtÄ¬ t¨mèv[eLIg«fÂe¨bg²nìn: k*dUcCadas'GaKmcintemÂIg

56 «fÂGIva"n'¨Kb'C÷BUk¨Bwb@ dUcTwkcal'TMnb'. buKðliksik§aExµrGt'¨TSBuMVn k*ep¶émeFÃIkUdkmµ («f©

10-2-73) K¨KwkeLIg ¨Kèbe¨g¿nQb'be¨g¿nsis§ e¨JHbJúa¨bkYtnwgTMnijeLIg«fÂ. k~¬g«f©

TI 23 kum¸: em"ag 8 knÂH¨Bwk enAmhav^T´al&yKruekasl´, KN:kmµkarc¨muHtMNag¨Kb'¨kb

x&NëbuKðliksik§aExµrEdlmanelak esg-bßunfn Ca¨bFan nigman¨Kèbe¨g¿n¨bmaN 400

nak'rYmpg

sik§aExµr.

VneFÃIsn~isITsarBtámans¶IGMBIeKalbMNgd*Bit¨Vkd

«nkUdkmµrbs'buKðlik

elak esg-bußnfn buKðliksik§aeFÃIkUdkmµenH edaysar¨kBHEdl¨bTSg¨beTIsnwg

erOgeLIg«fÂTMnij¨Kb'sareBI. ebIrd½aPiVlminedaH¨sayeT kUdkmµnwgbn¶eTAeTot!

erOgkUdkmµVnlatEvgteTA G~kxÂHkan'eCégfa¨KèeFÃIenH¨tèv e¨JHfa¨beyaCn_rYm ¨tèvEt

TamTar. G~kxÂHfa BYkelak¨Kè G~k¨KèeFÃIenHminsm e¨JHebITamTarpg be¨g¿nsis§pgeTAva

em"c? elgTmÂak'karecal Tuk[kUnExµrKµanv^CØae¨JHerOgTamTarenaH vaminsÂab'ehIy? kUnExµr

eP¿sBI«¨B, kUnG~k¨krehmrham kUneKkUnägEdlKµan¨Vk'kasnwgCYlsalaeronenaH vamin

enAEtxÃak'BeBImeTAehIy? CamYyK~anwgkUneyIgral'K~aenApæH, enA Lycée Descartes eKbe¨g¿n

K¨Kwk rYckUnecAefAEkcinFM@ G~kFM@ eKman¨Kèbe¨g¿ndl'pæH xÂHsuMeTAeronrhUtbreTs. BYk

Gs'enaHecHd·g¨tLb'mkv^j ecAhÃayeyIgeTot ! eTANavaElºg!

enA«f©GaTit´ TI4 mIna 1973, enAsalmeha¨sbTenÂVsak' manebIksm&y¨bCu÷mYy

BiPak§as¶IBIbJúaTMnijeLIg«fÂenaH

eqÂIytbnwgkUdkmµbuKðliksik§a.

Gs'elakG~kFM

man

elak ln'-Nun, Giut-Fuy, sapun-sar"asIu, fac'-Ca, Ekv-mu"g¨KI, L¬g-but¶a, sußm-QMu. niyayeTAniyaymkKµand÷eNaH¨sayGÃInS[kk'ek¶AesaHeLIy. ehIyEdlnS[elak ln'-

Nun ek¶A¨khmmuxenaH KWman¨Kèbe¨g¿nm~ak'ecaTelakfa elakman 92 landulÂar U.S. epÆéenA

VMgsÃIs Banque Suisse !

huW s¶ab'eTAQWkºal .

erOgenHminTan'cb'pg elcerOgelakpûay1 Gußg-j"c ecAhÃayext¶kMBt THkMepÂ¿g

elak¨Kè Kg'-lIm, mkeTot ¨Kè@ k*rMCUleLIgeTot. elakGPiVl¨kugeyIgyl'faEbbmin ¨sçl k*eFÃIdéka¨kug«f© 14 mIna 1973 ham¨Vmmin[eFÃIVtukmµep¶sp¶as !

bu"En¶man¨bsiTìPaBäNa? «f©TI 17 mIna 1973 manmITIg¨Kèbe¨g¿nK¨KwkKe¨Kg enA

mhav^T´al&yKruekasl´, manbdaCae¨cIn¨bqSgnwgrd½aPiVl dUcCafa : G~kd·knSelµaPGM Nac + xÃHsmtÄPaB = kb'xÂçnäg, Caedém .

em"ag 11 C^tQb'¨bCu÷eTAehIy k*¨sab'Et këSg! sÂab' 2 nak' rbYse¨cInnak' ! pæ¬H

¨Kab'Ebk !

- ehIy¨Bwti¶karN_FMbMput esæIr¨kLab'Epndék~¬g«f©dEdlenaH KWevlaem"ag 1 knÂH «f©

¨tg' ¨sab'Et këSg! këSg! BIr¨Kab'Ekºrrbgv^mansaFarNrd½cMkarmn! yn¶ehaH T 28 ebIkbr edayeQµaH s-Pu¨ta Edlfa¨tèvCaGtItsÃamInagbTumbuV¹ VnTMlak'¨Kab'EbkenH sMedA

elak¨bFanaFibtI ln'-nl' EdlevlaenaHk*man¨bCu÷KN:rd½mån¶Ipg.

57 k~¬g«f©enaHmankarbnæan'@ Cab'@ K~a. bnæab'BITMlak'¨Kab'EbkenHPÂam elak¨bFanaFibtI

ln'-nl' EfÂgsar¨Vb'raås¶[rYbrYmK~a rYcelakEfÂg¨bkasPaBGasn~ ¨beTsCatisÄitenA k~¬gPyn¶ray, elak KS-er"t rd½mån¶IeXasnakar EfÂgGMBIv^FankarkarJr ehIy[raås¶enA[ es©¿mkuMPÆak'epíél,

21 dl'em"ag 5 PÂW.

elak efag-lwmhYg eFÃIsn~isITkaEst, ehIybMrameKacr¨bkasBIem"ag

¨Bwti¶karN_e¨cInesíksûH rkkt'minTan'. bnæab'mkmankarcab'BBYkes¶cXMumYykEnÂg.

bnæab'mk ExµreyIgk*ehAkV"l'ehaHGaemrikSg [cUlmkCYyTmÂak'¨Kab'EbkenACu÷v^jrd½FanIP~M

eBjEtm¶g

e¨JHeBlenaHyYnnigExµrxagmÅageTotenaH

Nas'eTAehIy dUcenAGriyk§¨tenHCaedém.

cUlmkkan'Etekoknwg¨kugP~MeBj

bu"En¶EbbFUrbn¶icmkv^j.

«f©TI 17 emsa 1973 elak nl'-nl' EfÂgsarC÷rabraås¶GMBIcMNg'nigbMNgrbs'

elakk~¬gkarbegûét¨kum¨bwk§aCan'xõs'xagneyaVymYy ( Un Haut Conseil Politique ) s¨mab'kan'

kab'kard·knSrYmK~a cMeJHbJúaFM@ rbs'Cati.

s¶ab'Jk´enH shsPaeBl¨bCu÷eBjGgðCasmaCsPak~¬gsm&y¨bCu÷v^samJïenA«f©

cnæ TI 23 emsa 1973 sMerccit¶KS¨TmuWgma"t'nUvKMnitB¨gékmUld½anneyaVyenH ehIyedémºI Gnuvt¶nUvkmµv^FIenH rd½aPiVlBiess ¨tèvVnGnuJïat[cat'v^FankartambJïti¶k~¬gry: 3 Ex.

«f© 24 emsa 1973 elak ln'-nl' EfÂgsarC÷rabExµrGMBIsmasPaBÓt¶m¨kum¨bwk§a

neyaVy.

1- píaksm&y¨bCu÷«nsPaCatinig¨BwTìsPas¨mab'ry:eBl 6 Ex.

2- begûétKN:kmµaFikarmYymaneQµaHfa

Ót¶m¨kum¨bwk§aneyaVy

CYyelak¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½ k~¬gkicÍkard·knS¨beTsCati. R

EdlmanPar:

k~¬gry:eBlC^t 6 ExenH Ót¶m¨kum¨bwk§aneyaVy Ga¨s&yedaysemÂg«nelak¨b

FanaFibtIsaFarNrd½Exµr nwgeFÃIesck¶Ise¨mcep§g@ Edlnwg¨tèv[rd½aPiVlBiessGnuvt¶. karcat'tSgnigkar¨b¨Bwt¶eTA

«nelak¨bFanaFibtIsaFarNrd½.

«nÓt¶m¨kum¨bwk§aneyaVy

nwg¨tèvkMNt'edaybJïti¶

mkdl'¨tg'enH eyIgdUcCaVnsbºay tºitVneXIjGs'elakvrCnTSgGs' VnrYb

rYmK~aeLIgv^jdUc¨Vf~a.

bu"En¶mknwkq©l'¨tg'eNHbn¶ic KW«f©TI 2 ÓsPa 1973 KN:rd½mån¶Ielak hg§-Fun

hak' VnlaElg ehIy«f©TI 16 ÓsPa 1973 elak Giun-tS EdlCasmaC^kÓt¶m¨kum¨bwk§a

neyaVyenaH ¨sab'Ets¨mutxÂçncuHmkerobcMKN:rd½mån¶Ibn¶BIelak hg§-Funhak' ehIy

58 cMeJHerOgenH

xÆ¬MsUmrMlwkeLIgv^jbn¶icfa

KN:rd½mån¶I¨sukExµreyIgdUcCapÂas'b¶èrjwkjab'

eBk rkEtnwgTTYlxus¨tèvcMeJH¨bvti¶saås¶[VnCak'cºas'¨Vkd¨bCaBuMTan'. KitemIlcuH

tamEdlxÆ¬Mkt'¨ta : BIExkum¸: 1958 dl'ExmIna 1970 eyIgmanKN:rd½mån¶I 45 elIk Edl

k~¬genH manKN:rd½mån¶IKNbk§ 20 elIk KN:rd½mån¶Isgðmraås¶niym 25 elIk. ehIy naykrd½mån¶IeXIjEtmnus§dEdl@ e¨cInelIkdUcCaj"amej¿nEtzan:enHy"agem"cmind·g Et

kar mineXIjce¨mIneTAmuxesaH pÂas'cuHpÂas'eLIg mnus§dEdl@ edér¨C÷ueCégelIdancas' dEdl@ mineXIjQaneTAmuxesaH. tSgBIq~S 1948 dl'q~S 1970 maneQµaHmnus§Edl

manvasnaeFÃInaykenaH 17 nak' dUcCasIhnu 15 elIkm~ak'äg sem¶c Eb"n-nut 6 elIkm~ak' äg. Gußm-eQogsußn nig nerat¶m-kn¶¬l 3 elIkm~ak'. ehIykalnItikalTI 1 «nsPaCati

enaH naykrd½mån¶Imanelak Qan-v"m, Eb"n-nut, Ey"m-sMbUr, eGov-ekIs. nItikalTI 2 manelak hußy-knì¬l.

eXIjfa vrCnExµrTSgenaH layc¨muHK~aTSgG~kelµaPGMNac Gjniym ekAGIniym

p¶ac'karniym ¨BmTSgG~kCatiniymxÂHpg.

karpÂas'b¶èrehIyv^leTAv^lmk FÂak'eTAelIEtbuKðlm~ak'@ nigBYk¨kumm~ak'@ enHehIy

EdlTukdUcCaTmÂab'm´"agrbs'G~kkan'GMNac¨sukExµr

rbs'eKeTot.

ehIymkdl'¨tg'enH

ehIyEdleK¨bkan'faCaTmÂab'

xÆ¬MsUmbJÍab'kMNt'rbs'xÆ¬MeBlenHcuH

ÇlíÈ

EtsUm[Gs'elakG~k

GanBicarNaeLIgv^j tSgBIe¨kay¨Bwti¶karN_ 18 mIna 1970 rhUtmkdl'enH etIeyIgbMpÂaj

eBl[xUcTeT@ eTAbu"Nöa? eyIg¨beQÂaHK~a¨bxSK~a Kµanem Kµanekay Gs'eBlbu"nµan? etI

eyIgGacnwgriHKn'karEbkVk'd*Ga¨sèvenHVnEdreT?

sUmGs'elakG~kemt¶aKit ehIyeqÂIycMeJHerOgenHpgcuH. etI critExµr eyIgGacpÂas'

xÂHVneT? edémºIksagsaFarNrd½teTAeTotenaH?

R R

Gnusasn_

KMnit ÇmanEtGjÈ manvrCnxÂH EdleFÃICa¨bFanGgð¨bCu÷NamYy sbºayNas'nwgniyayEbkCaGUrhUr

Casæwg rhUtdl'eTA¨C¬lerOgxusrebobvar:eTAk*man. beJÍjeyabl'mksuTìEtbJØak'fa Kit

enaH¨twm¨tèvehIy eyabl'enaHlíehIy [smaC^kGgð¨bCu÷Gnum&ttamcuH. kalebImansma

C^kNaC÷Tas' ÉsuMCUneyabl'xÂHenaH rEmgEtgminsbºaycit¶esaHeLIy e¨JHTMlab'Gatµa

ägenaHecHEtemIlgayeK faeKminekIteT eKmindl'xÂçneT eKl©g', äxÂçnv^jKWCaG~kecHe¨CA¨CH CabJïv&n¶ Camnus§kMBUl KMnitrbs'xÂçnCaKMniteB¨C KMnitrbs'G~kd«TCaKMnitkak minVnkar min¨tèvmkbeJÍjGÃIeT.

KMnitÇGjniymÈenH CaKMnitp¶ashYsehtu BIe¨JHeKäeTotk*Camnus§manv^carN-

JïaNEdr FÂab'¨tiHriHrkehtuplk~¬gerOgNamYyEdr eKecHd·gmYyEbb eyIgecHd·gmYyEbb

¨tèvbeJÍjeyabl'pg edémºIrklTìpllí[Ggð¨bCu÷ ÉsmaKm. BIe¨JHtamFmµta sUmºIG~k

silº:dUcK~a k*minGacTTYlPar:eFÃIkar[VnsBÃ¨Kb'Etm~ak'ägVneT va¨tèvEtG~krVMBUEkxag

rS G~kKUrBUEkxagKUr G~kePÂgBUEkxagePÂg mYymux@ Biess@ edayxÂçn vaminEmnG~krVMecHrS

ehIyecHKUr ecHelgePÂgsBÃ¨Kb'enaHeT Ék*G~kePÂgecHTSgKUrTSgrSErkenaHeT. m~ak'@ man

v^CØaCév:Bit¨Vkdeday@ xÂçn. y"agNamij eyIg¨bFan eyIgecHd·gtamsmtÄPaBeyIg äeK

äeTot eKk*mancMeNHGÃIep§g s¨mab'niyay[eyIgs¶ab'Edr KYrEteyIg[eKniyaypg s¶ab' eKpg e¨JHtamsegûtmk Fmµta¨bFanGgð¨bCu÷e¨cInEtyl'elIkarTUeTA äkarkMbuikkMbu"k kMeTc

kMTIrayrgenaH eKsmaC^keKyl'eKd·g.

enA¨beTsExµreyIg e¨cInEtG~kmant¨miHecHd·g mansJïab&¨tFM@ ecjmkBIbreTs

mknS[xUcreboberobryk~¬gsgðmExµr BIe¨JHEtelakniyayenAk~¬geBl¨bCu÷m¶g@ e¨cInEtGYt

fa enAGWru"bÉenAGasIuTÃIb eKe¨cInEte¨bIrebobdUcelakBn´l'CUnenHäg ¨tg'BitÉminBit e¨sc Etelakd*mhimaenaH GFibºayerobrab'eTAtamkaryl'rbs'buKðlenaHeT minEmnCav^CØaEdl

VneronenaHykmkBn´l'enaHeT KWCaeyabl'm~ak'@ eTetI. bu"En¶K~aEdlmant¨miHtictYcs¶çc

es¶Ig minhßanCUneyabl' edayxÂacG~kmant¨miHenaHemIlgayxÂçn ! enHehIycritExµrsm&y

stvt§r_TI 20 enH sMKal'emIlcuH G~kEdlVnd·knSmun@ knÂgmkenH e¨cInEtGatµaniym

manEtGjeTIbd·knS¨beTsCatieTAVn KµanbN¶¬Hcit¶rYbrYmCYyBn´l'CUneyabl' eXIj¨tèv

ehIynSK~aeFÃItamenaHeT manticNas' e¨cInEt¨bCu÷rYccb'Etm¶g ¨tg'Gnuvt¶eTAtamenaH sUn´

Etm¶g. enHehIy¨bCu÷e¨cInVnkartic ¨beTscMerInlUtlas' eK¨bCu÷ticeFÃIkarVne¨cIn eTIb

eTAmuxVn xÆ¬MsMKal'emIlmkeXIjEbbenHe¨cIn.

61 ehtuenH

GjniymeBk.

eyIgKYrGnuelams¶ab'semÂg

s¶ab'eyabl'rbs'smaC^käeTotxÂHpg.

kuM

KMnitlYcykeyabl'eK manCnCatieyIgxÂH cUlcit¶ykeyabl'G~kd«TmkeFÃICaeyabl'ägpæal' CaehtunS[

G~kbeJÍjeyabl'Elgcg'beJÍjeyabl'xÂçnteTAeTot. beJÍjeFÃIGÃI ebI¨bFan ebImit¶enaH

ykeyabl'xÂçneTAeFÃICaeyabl'eKeTAehIy. dUcy"ageQµaH muI VnCUneyabl'enAeBl¨bCu÷ FM ehIyGgð¨bCu÷Vnyl'¨sbTSg¨sug. dl'eBlse¨mc ¨sab'EtVt'eQµaH muI eTAecj

eQµaH su¨k-esAr_ äNaäeNaHeTAv^j. kalBIC÷nan'cas'

sem¶csIhnuEtgsæg'eyabl'enAGgð¨bCu÷ral'eBl

ehIyc¨maj'

ykeyabl'Na 4-5 Edllí@ mk E¨skfa : ebItameyabl'xÆ¬M KYrEteFÃIy"agenHy"agenaH.

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KMnitäg eyabl'äg. ebIrvl'dUec~H etInrNanwgCYy[eyabl'lí@ eTot?

fasuTìEtCa

KMnitlYceyabl'eKenH lµmGs'elakxÂHpÂas'ecjehIy.

KYrEtBie¨KaHsaksYr manvrCnxÂHVneFÃIFMehIy enAminTan'ecHrebobedkedérQrGgð¬y tamEbbbTCaExµrenA

eLIyeT e¨cInEte¨bIGakbºkiriya ²riyabfqðg@ minsm. TSg¨bBnìTSgb¶I enAEbbCaCn samJïFmµtatyg"yeTA.

edémºIsmrm´nwgzan:eyIg EdlCaG~kCYyd·knS¨beTsCati KbºIeyIgBie¨KaHsaksYr

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eyIgG~kFM KWCatMNagCatimYyEp~k kuMeyIg¨cegg¨cgagqðg@ enaH etagEtKitmunnwgeFÃIGÃI@ fa

GatµaGjCatMNagCatiExµrTSgmUl TSgmUlEtm¶g.

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FMehIyKbºIykcas'TuMCaTI¨bwk§axÂHeTIblí.

eyIgVneFÃIFMedayt¨miHv^CØa

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KMnitxÂacneyaVy manvrCneyIgxÂH xÂacneyaVyTSgxÂçnägkMBugsÄitenAk~¬ugrgÃg'neyaVy. rd½karcat'

[eTAkan'karneyaVyedémºICYy¨beTsCatixÂçn EtEbrCaeTAniyaynwgCnbreTsenaHfa : xÆ¬M síb'neyaVyNas' xÆ¬MsuMEtrs'eT xÆ¬MminecHeFÃIneyaVyeT ! .

s¶ab'cuH ! ebImanmnus§rebobh~wge¨cInnak' ¨beTsCatimuxCanwgBiVkBuMxan. KYrq©l' !

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78 (1)

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