Parallel and Cloud Computing Research (PCCR) Volume 2, 2014
www.seipub.org/pccr
The Evolution of Environment for Collaborative Mobile Cloud Proposals Advanced Mobile Cloud Service Model Sumi Song*1, Svetlana Kim2, YongIk Yoon3 Multimedia Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100 (Cheongpa-dong 2(i)-ga), Youngsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Korea songsm0328@naver.com; 2xatyna@sm.ac.kr; 3yiyoon@sm.ac.kr
*1
Abstract Cloud Computing technology has been applied to mobile devices. A variety of tasks is made possible despite the technical limitations. Also, the Cloud can be treated as a virtual space between devices. So, each of the mobile devices can share their own superfluous resources in the Cloud. It is expected to be a good solution for preventing the waste of IT resources and increasing working efficiency. So, in this journal, models of collaboration with mobile cloud are proposed to equip environment with cooperative work and group service. We expect that this proposition will be a help in understanding the mobile cloud collaboration. Keywords New Mobile Cloud; Collaboration; Collaborative Mobile Cloud; Smart Service Model
Introduction Nowadays people similarly work for their desired actions with mobile devices like using personal computer(PC) [2][7]. But it is a fact that mobile devices still do not have enough computing power and applied abilities because they still have many limitations such as small size, heavy weight, insufficient energy supply and etc. For solving this dissatisfaction, through collaboration, mobile devices are allowed to share IT resources. For the cooperation with mobile devices, the cloud computing can be more a systematic and reliable tool. The mobile devices connect to service cloud individually for getting service data or saving own device information. This means that different mobile devices can be managed in cloud. Then, devices can be is stuffed needful abilities by collaborative action with near devices. Through collaboration, we expect to increase of performance and capability of a single device. Also if you have group work, this work can be performed easier and more efficiently because users are able to share their progress in mobile cloud.
For this reason, in this journal, we try to settle environments for collaborative service model for sharing the resources between mobile devices. It is not simply about making connections with mobile devices. The collaborative mobile cloud services can reduce the burden within a productive working relationship and rationality. At this point, we should make high-level service model based on mobile cloud and continue to renovate service to actively take advantage of the mobile cloud. So, we recognize the overall trend of mobile cloud. Based on this, for a high level of mobile cloud service, we propose essentially necessary technical requirements and recommended service environment. To this end, we settle category of IT resources and 4 members for collaboration system with working flow. Main Issues For Collaborative Mobile Service Mobile Cloud Service Interworking The mobile cloud service interworking can be defined as services that can allow sharing various contents across multiple mobile devices in real time [3]. In other words, you can take advantage of the resources and the variety of content with your owned devices through a connection with cloud server. The same content can be enjoyed on multiple devices. Thus, many services are being provided on the interworking such as (1) synchronization service (Apple Mobile Me, Google Google Sync, Microsoft My Phone, LG U +, etc.), (2) streaming service (SK Hoppin in Korea) and (3) web storage service. A wider variety of service interworking studies have been performed. Also, the service interworking between mobile cloud and devices, between content and content as well as service and service in the cloud have attracted interest. And the approach from interworking to collaboration
19
www.seipub.org/pccr
Parallel and Cloud Computing Research (PCCR) Volume 2, 2014
is to be expected.
template and simply type your text into it.
Data Conversion
Mobile Cloud Ecosystem
You can be provided a variety of data and content, because you can overcome the limitations of mobile devices through mobile access to cloud. In addition to this, several actions that were previously only possible only on a stationary PC through a network connection became available in mobile devices. The searching with Google, Bing and Yahoo, NAVER, etc. and of course Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, and a variety of social networking services are also available in the mobile devices. Also, office infrastructure access is available through cloud with mobile devices and working within cloud may be performed. Moreover, application services such as navigation, LBS-based services are possible without large crowd.
For mobile cloud service environment (in particular, collaboration in mobile cloud), several major ecological components are needed. There are Mobile Device which is side of user, Mobile Cloud Services to oversee the entire service, Mobile Cloud Applications which can connects the user to the and services, Mobile Cloud where actual service is in progress. The descriptions of the major components are as follows:
The Cloud has nearly infinite amount of services and nearly an infinite amount of space to store a lot of resources in. But the definition of a way to connect to the cloud, receive data and share the data is not clear. We cannot ignore the problem with the heavy traffic which is due to a lot of people accessing the cloud simultaneously. In addition, security problems which might occur in this process cannot be overlooked. Thus, various kinds of services as well as stable and efficient access methods and way of sharing data in cloud should be presented. In all of this process, the security technologies should be considered as essential. Mobile Cloud Device Resource Searching Mobile cloud has a big advantage in the collaboration between the mobile devices unlike existing clouds. You have a large number of mobile devices instead of just one. This trend is expected to be increasing. In addition, communication mobile devices as well as the consumer serviced devices also have function of network. So, collaboration between several devices becomes much more expected using cloud. This is a technique for using mobile cloud and generating a small mobile cloud. It will be necessary that the clear definition and research for system about generating and maintaining of personal cloud via various devices. Also, studies for domain navigation of mobile cloud are worth exploring to represent N-screen and the fusion media. Likewise, resource discovery for cloud/device and device/device are issued. An easy way to comply with the journal paper formatting requirements is to use this document as a
20
Mobile Device The Mobile Device is defined that device has mobility, portability and can use internet. The Mobile Device has limited hardware conditions. This is principal agent which uses mobile cloud. Mobile Cloud Service User can use a lot of contents and operation software on their mobile devices through entering to cloud server by internet. Like this, the Mobile Cloud Service means supporting manner and mode of service through cloud server. The Mobile Cloud Service assures functionality, mobility, usability (eg, mobile office) of application software. Mobile Cloud Application The Mobile Cloud Application means software which is built or installed in mobile device for connection to cloud server. Through this software, user can enter into the cloud and utilize the resources. In shorts, the Mobile Cloud Application is a door for using mobile cloud. There are two type of application. First, the software should maintain connection to the cloud server (eg, mobile documents writer). This type is called State Connection-Oriented Software. Seconds, the software should connect with the cloud when service is needed (eg, backup software). This type is called Stateless Connectionless Software. Mobile Cloud We propose a new concept of mobile cloud which called ‘UMC’. Then, we should check difference between prior mobile cloud and the UMC. So, in the section definitions for prior and new mobile cloud are introduced simply. 1) Separate Mobile Cloud (SMC) SMC is a system that allows user to use IT resources such as server, storage and software with
Parallel and Cloud Computing Research (PCCR) Volume 2, 2014
mobile devices. In short, it means that target of cloud service is changed from fixed device to portable device. In cloud, mobile devices can solve mechanical defects and work a variety of tasks during moving by using the mobile cloud API or a virtual device. Also, if several devices want to collaborative works such as data sharing, storage sharing, devices should get help from server cloud during all operations (see Fig.1).
www.seipub.org/pccr
technologies are expected to be added by progress of research and development services. Storage Space & Management (T1) Users can save their data and resources in the cloud server which can be accessed and re-used by mobile devices. In addition, the cloud server has to manage users’ storage to maintain safety. This function (T1) is main feature of cloud service. T1 supports limited storage of mobile devices. Synchronization (T2)
FIG. 1 SEPARATE MOBILE CLOUD(SMC)
2) United Mobile Cloud (UMC) UMC(United Mobile Cloud) means independent networks between multiple devices. That is, devices can use mainly the newly generated cloud for their purposes, not already existing cloud based on server. In the UMC, devices can share their own resources with requiring/offering and exchanging application services. Therefore, the UMC is possible to be generated by various domains and members. In some cases, overlap devices exist between various in the UMC. When multiple devices make their cloud and start to collaborative work, devices connect each other directly and the server cloud just should support them. In short, the server cloud should do monitoring such as managing to access of devices, scheduling, synchronizing (see Fig.2).
Users can save their data and resources in the cloud server which can be accessed and re-used by mobile devices. In addition, the cloud server has to manage users’ storage to maintain safety. This function (T1) is main feature of cloud service. T1 supports limited storage of mobile devices. Mobile Office Infrastructure (T3) Users can work freely in any environment using different tools, such as document creation and editing without installing software on mobile devices because of connection to cloud. Also, limitations of software installation relying on different platforms can be overcome in cloud. If user connects to the cloud in outdoors, user can use the same office infrastructure. Hardware Solution (T4) User can overcome limitation of the hardware side of mobile devices through the cloud. This function (T4) is little similar T1 but T4 include bigger part of hardware side. Most of content processing and fusion are handled in cloud. So, mobile devices just receive the contents without processing it. T4 should have details about available resource and how to use resources. Web-Based Application (T5)
FIG. 2 UNITED MOBILE CLOUD(UMC)
Currently, there are many mobile devices and mobile platforms. This may be distracting point in the spread of mobile cloud service and cooperation between mobile devices. So, this function is essential for mobile cloud service. In the cloud, same platform are supplied to several kind of mobile devices. Also, different cloud platform should be uniform to spread cloud service.
Mobile Cloud Technology Research
Integration Platform (T6)
Preferentially, we propose required technologies of mobile cloud are classified into 9 kinds. These technologies cannot be ignored in order to improve mobile cloud service actively. In addition, some
User can use cloud service by running application based on web. The web is very good tool for using service regardless of kind of devices. Furthermore, integration between cloud service and mobile cloud
21
www.seipub.org/pccr
Parallel and Cloud Computing Research (PCCR) Volume 2, 2014
service can be possible using web.
R22 T4 (HW_SOL)
Security (T7) When some data is shared between server and device between device and device, bad data can be exchanged with each other. So, a harmful data is blocked and important data of users is prevented from getting damaged and outflow. Connection-Holding (T8) The cloud services are performed by connecting the cloud. On the other hand, mobile device mobile devices have mobility. The stable connection technology is essential to provide continuous cloud services to users.
R24 R25 T5 (WEB_SOL)
T6 (PLAT_SYNC)
T7 (SEC_SOL)
Devices Collaboration (T9) This function supports that mobile devices can exchange or share hardware, software and contents each other. To do this, awareness between devices and different forms of cooperation are considered.
T1 (STORE/MNG)
T2 (SYNC)
T3 (OFFICE_INF)
22
Requirement (Rx)
Contents
R1
Data Upload
R2
Data Download
R3
Integration of Data Storage
R4
Data Sharing
R5
Real-time Backup
R6
Real-time Data Updates
R7
Expansion & Maintenance
R8
Media Playback
R9
Maintain Continuous Playback
R10
Mobile Data Synchronization
R11
Content Synchronization
R12
Open Media Sharing
R13
Synchronizing Mobile Devices in the Cloud
R14
Synchronization Server-side Media
R15
Synchronize Content between Devices (N-Screen)
R16
Synchronization between Server and Devices
R17
Mobile Office Application Service
R18
Mobile Intranet
R19
Cloud-based Service Platform
R20
Application SW Development Environment
R21
Application SW Sharing Environment
R26
T8 (CON_HOLD)
Web Connections Compatibility between Web and Apps Access the Same Cloud
R28 R29
Standard Platform Cross-Platform Compatibility
R30
Interoperability platform between Server and Device
R31 R32
Security of Loss Server-side Security of Loss Device-side
R33
Security of Data Communications
R34
Effective Data Analysis & Filtering
R36
Internet Network Search API Maintain of an Internet Connection
R37
Maintain of Sync Connections
R38
Maintain of Sync Connections between devices
R39 T9 (COWK_DEV)
Server-side Data Storage & Maintenance
R27
R35
TABLE 1 THE ESSENTIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR MOBILE CLOUD SERVICE
Technology(Tx)
R23
Virtual Computing Environment Hardware Added-API
R40
Program Cooperation with devices Platform Virtual Identification
R41
Working Devices memory
R42
Coupled Device Cloud Service API
Kinds Of Mobile Collaboration Mobile cloud is mainly categorized as 3 types(see Fig.3). First type of collaboration is resource collaboration for resource share. This share collaboration work means that the members of mobile cloud evenly distribute service and resource. The second collaboration type is to fill the resources where it need or supply & rent the resources for the short term use. The third type is extending resources and work to create new content as a result of the group work between smart devices. Sharing Collaboration In case of using the same data or proceeding work, many other mobile devices’ access to data and workload should be available. As if the many team members work together working on their own part, single process and data should be shared and handled. In this process, mobile devices are able to share the resources within the collaboration. Supplying Collaboration Mobile devices produced with various sizes. They
Parallel and Cloud Computing Research (PCCR) Volume 2, 2014
both exists Hardware and Software resource differences at the same time. In that situation mobile devices experience lack of resources this mobile cloud collaboration will supply the vacancy then it will promote efficiency of work. For example, when the storage of mobile device A is not enough, through the mobile cloud collaboration A can receive storage temporarily from mobile device B.
www.seipub.org/pccr
According to the evolution of function for mobile devices, you can use and share big-sized data and contents with other devices. This resource includes text file, image file, video file, contact, schedule, application, sound file and so on. In addition, we have categories about this resource based on the preference of data.
Producing Collaboration It is able to build collective mobile cloud with more than 2 devices to do group work or work in orders. With functions and applications in the each mobile device, the work can be changed or reproduced. In this collaboration process, mobile devices use certain resource to create new contents and data through group work.
FIG. 4 CASE OF DATA AND CONTENTS
There are 4 types of data for collaboration: One-Time data, Continuity data, Fusion data and Circulation Data. 1) One-Time data The primary data transfer request (eg, contacts, calendar, photos, notes). 2) Continuity data a data request which is sent at regular intervals or which is to be guaranteed a certain period of time the connection data (eg location notification, etc.). 3) Fusion data
FIG. 3 KINDS OF MOBILE COLLABORATION
The Types of Resources in Collaboration Various kinds of devices have different resources. This point can be a big purpose of the mobile cloud collaboration. So, what kinds of resources are needed for collaboration? In this section, we present IT resources that can be requested in mobile cloud collaboration. The resources are divided into a total of seven. Depending on resources, the collaboration may exist in the form of a multitude of services . Data And Contents This type is a simply data and contents resource which are running or shown on the mobile devices. The data sharing is the most basic and underlying field.
a data and content which is formed by a variety of media format. The fusion data can be distributed and played to multiple devices. This collaborative environment can be considered as N-screen services system (eg. multi-media & format contents). 4) Circulation Data a moving data between several devices in the process of collaborative works. This data is sequentially updated and finally, the new data is generated as the result of the collaboration Data Storage The most typical weakness of mobile devices is that hardware-ability is lower than normal computer. One of the weaknesses is small storage space. Currently, even though the development of manufacturing technology for mobile devices, storage space has been expanding, there are limits for portable conditions such as small-size, lightness. So, mobile devices are dependent on cloud storage. Like this, in the small
23
www.seipub.org/pccr
network created several mobile devices, some devices which have lack of storage can be rent extra storage space from other devices by collaboration.
Parallel and Cloud Computing Research (PCCR) Volume 2, 2014
be provided with communication service, if network sensor is attached, it could be provided the authority of internet accessibility from the devices which are in mobile cloud range.
FIG. 5 CASE OF DATA STORATGE
Special Serviced-Functions Several devices have different application and serviced function on their machine. As simply example, there are various sensors (GPS, motion, light detector, temperature sensing, etc), camera specifications, recording voice, video connection and so on. If there are programs or platforms for sharing these features, the low-end devices can use various function from other high-end devices in collaborative mobile cloud.
FIG. 7 CASE OF GROUP WORKING APPLICATIONS
FIG. 8 CASE OF INTERNET ACCESS ABILITY
Computing Energy
FIG. 6 CASE OF SPECIAL SEVICED FUNCTIONS
Group Working Applications Still a lot of application that support teamwork exists. But it has a premise that specific applications are installed on devices according to mobile platforms. In case of the previous group-work, the results that you have done on the devices by application are integrated in a single server. If so, some device which failed to install application can’t work together. On the other hand, if there are collaborative systems for group, you can make something with teamwork application in cloud through the formation and access to the mobile cloud.
When battery (computing energy) of device is insufficient, charging can be possible form other devices within short distance. Through touch and short-aware sensor, energy resource can be supported supplement by wireless charging in collaborative mobile cloud.
FIG. 9 CASE OF COMPUTING ENERGY
Environment for Collaboration(Recommended)
Internet Access Ability
Members Of Mobile Cloud Collaboration
One of the most significant reason of mobile device could take a stage was the internet useable function. However, not all the mobile has the function of using internet. Even the mobile device which is not able to
For mobile cloud collaboration, 4 members are needed. Those 4 members minimize hard work during mobile cloud is in progress as they work their own parts and exchange information. There are 4 members below.
24
Parallel and Cloud Computing Research (PCCR) Volume 2, 2014
1) ServiceServer The role of mobile cloud in collaboration is final management and supplying resources. Collaboration service server manages and supervises smart device which is the major of the collaboration and the UMC which collaborates with mobile device. Also, mobile service cloud receives resource, contents and services from other service to provide them to the UMC(United Mobile Cloud). Collaboration service server supports different work environments of various smart devices and when collaboration is in progress, it also supplies security system. 2) Coordinator When the collaboration is conducted, the UMC will be the major management system. The Coordinator is under the ServiceServer that differentiate works and the UMC organization in order to decide the beginning and end of the collaboration. Through the Coordinator, smart devices under the UMC attain resource information. During collaboration, the Coordinator is checking on status information and conducting status of smart devices. 3) User In the UMC, it requires and consumes the resources in the process of share, supplement and produce. Thus, through the collaboration it is offered shared resource, fill the resource where is lack and produce.
www.seipub.org/pccr
produce of collaboration. Thus, through collaboration, distributes shared resources, supplies left over resources and produce. Conclusions In this journal, we check major technologies for mobile cloud services and summarize several conditions such as types of resources for collaboration. But, until now, definitions of mobile cloud and collaboration of mobile cloud have not been defined. So, we try to define mobile cloud which is not dependent on server cloud fully, 4 components of the mobile cloud for collaborative work. In the mobile cloud we proposed, devices do not only use server cloud service but also share their own cloud and IT resources. User can make a self-reliant mobile cloud (UMC) without internet connection with server cloud and do various cooperative works with each other. We also present concepts of environment for collaborative mobile cloud, but we plan that generating of main technical function and requirements for mobile cloud collaboration is needed. We should more check related researches. Then, for more stable collaboration system, we find and make new model with detailed modules. Furthermore, we want to standardize the work in progress. So, we expect that our study will be help to establish the foundation of mobile cloud collaboration and be good assistant for service model ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning(2012008790) REFERENCES
Ali-Hassan, Hossam, Dorit Nevo, and Saggi Nevo. "Mobile collaboration: Exploring the role of social capital." ACM SIGMIS Database 41.2 (2010): 9-24. Baclawski, Kenneth, et al. "ICOM: A Framework for Integrated Collaborative Work Environments." Web Information Systems Engineering–WISE 2011 and 2012 FIG. 10 RELATIONSHIP OF 4 MEMBERS FOR COLLABOARTION
4) Provider In the process of the UMC, it supply and distributes resources to share, supplement and
Workshops. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. Gadea, Cristian, et al. "A Collaborative Cloud-Based Multimedia Sharing Platform for Social Networking Environments."
Computer
Communications
and
25
www.seipub.org/pccr
Networks
Parallel and Cloud Computing Research (PCCR) Volume 2, 2014
(ICCCN),
2011
Proceedings
of
20th
Nicole, R. "Title of paper with only first word capitalized." J.
International Conference on. IEEE, 2011. Gaochao Xu, Yan Ding, Liang Hu, Xiaodong Fu, Jia Zhao, Hao Yan, Jianfeng Chu, "Research on Mobile Cloud Huang, Dijiang. "Mobile cloud computing." IEEE COMSOC Communications
Technical
Committee
Huerta-Canepa, Gonzalo, and Dongman Lee. "A virtual computing
provider
for
Sarah Perez, "Why Cloud Computing is the Future of http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/why_cloud_co mputing_is_the_future_of_mobile.php/ Sumi Song, Svetlana Kim, YongIk Yoon, Minkyo In,
(MMTC) E-Letter 6.10 (2011): 27-31. cloud
Name Stand. Abbrev (1987): 740-741. Mobile”,
Computing", JCIT, Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 341 ~ 348, 2013 Multimedia
and Use. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. 248-265.
mobile
devices."
Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing & Services: Social Networks and Beyond.
Kangchan
Lee,
Seungyun Lee,
"Requirements
for
Collaboration Service in Mobile Cloud Environment", JNIT, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 74 ~ 86, 2013. Sun
MicroSystems,
Inc.,
Introduction
to
CLOUD
COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE,
ACM, 2010. J. S. Lee and other one person, “Traveling abroad and the
Truong H-L, Dustdar S, Baggio D, Dorn C, et al (2008) In-
prospects Cloud Computing”, Proc. of Information
Context:
a
pervasive
and
collaborative
working
Processing Society In Korea, Part 2 of 16, pp. 17~30. 2009
environment for emerging team forms, IEEE SAINT.
Jiang, Tao, Jing Ying, and Minghui Wu. "CASDE: an
WORKPAD (2008) An adaptive Peer-to-Peer software
environment for collaborative software development."
infrastructure for supporting collaborative work of
Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design III.
human
Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. 367-376.
Specific Targeted Research Project (STREP), European
Lee, Hong-Chang, Jong-Eun Park, and Myung-Joon Lee. "C3ware:
A
Middleware
Supporting
Collaborative
Services over Cloud Storage." The Computer Journal Mojtaba Alizadeh, Wan Haslina Hassan, Mazdak Zamani, Khodadadi,
Saman
Shojae
Chaeikar,
"A
Prospective Study of Mobile Cloud Computing", IJACT, Vol. 5, No. 11, pp. 198 ~ 210, 2013 Mojtaba Alizadeh, Wan Haslina Hassan, Navid Behboodian, Sasan Karamizadeh, "A Brief Review of Mobile Cloud Computing Opportunities", RNIS, Volume 12, pp. 155 ~ 160, 2013 Neyem, Andrés, Sergio F. Ochoa, and José A. Pino. "Coordination
Patterns
to
Support
Mobile
Collaboration." Groupware: Design, Implementation,
26
in
emergency/disaster
scenarios.
Commission’s 6th Framework. http://www.workpadproject.eu. Accessed 05 Aug 2009 Yoon, Changwoo, et al. "Dynamic collaborative cloud service platform: opportunities and challenges." ETRI journal
(2013). Touraj
operators
32.4 (2010): 634-637. Sumi Song has obtained her master degree in MultimediaScience from Sookmyung Women’s University in Korea. Her areas of interests include Cloud Computing, BigData, and Sementic Web with Ontology. YongIk Yoon is currently working as an professor in MultimediaScience in Sookmyung Women’s University. His areas of interests include Mobile Computing, Middleware, Cloud Computing and ContextAware System.