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CANCER CANCER 2015 HOPE. COURAGE. FAITH. LIFE. STRENGTH. FIGHT.
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
October 21, 2015
Support Groups Can Provide Extra Strength To Fight.
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Support from family, friends and doctors may not be enough when dealing with cancer. Individuals may find the additional emotional support they need by connecting with support groups in their communities.
ancer is a prolific disease that continues to affect millions of people around the world each year. The World Health Organization says that each year 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer and 7.6 million people die from the disease. Despite the prevalence of cancer, many cancer patients experience feelings of isolation when diagnosed with the disease. A cancer diagnosis can lead to anxiety and depression, which can impact cancer patients’ ability to fight their disease. Ongoing research into a cure and new treatment options
can give individuals hope, but finding a support group can provide the extra boost cancer patients need to make it through a difficult time in their lives. There are many different paths to take to find a cancer support group. One of the first places to find information is with your own doctor. He or she may have a list of nearby support groups that can help you make it through your treatment. You also may be put in touch with other patients who are going through the same struggles. Another avenue is through a cancer organization. For example, the American Cancer Society
has programs and services to help people find the emotional support they need, and that help is usually free. The National Cancer Information Center has 24-hour support. According to the center, trained cancer information specialists are available via phone, email or live chat to provide accurate, up-todate information to patients, family members, and caregivers. These specialists also can help connect callers with valuable services and resources in their communities. Check with a church or community center to see which programs are available in your community. Many community
support groups meet in hospitals, churches, schools and other centers. These can be another great resource for information and support. Another resource is online support groups. Thanks to social media, it’s now possible to connect with people from all around the world in a matter of seconds. Use the search function of Facebook to search for a group that suits your needs. Support groups can help cancer patients connect with people in similar situations and find the resources and emotional support they need. ■
October 21, 2015
The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
October 21, 2015
How To
Speak
To Your Doctor After
A Cancer Diagnosis
R
eceiving a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming. Upon receiving such a diagnosis, men and women typically want to learn as much as possible about their disease and what they can do to fight it. The Internet can be a valuable resource for cancer patients, but the sheer volume of information available online can be difficult to sift through. The best way for cancer patients to learn about their disease is to speak directly to their physicians, who can share their own expertise while also directing patients to places they can find reliable information, both online and in other areas. Some people find it easy to speak with their physicians, while others may find it more difficult to communicate, especially after a cancer diagnosis. The following tips can help open the channels of communication with your physician so
you can learn more about your disease and how to fight it.
won’t teach you anything about your disease or address your concerns.
Don’t be embarrassed to bring up your concerns Don’t be afraid to ask questions about your disease and its side effects, no matter how inconsequential your concerns may seem. Many cancer patients want to know about the potential side effects of their treatments, and some might be sheepish to ask about side effects that are more personal in nature. But no concern is too small or insignificant to bring up with your doctor, and cancer patients should never feel embarrassed to ask about their disease.
Ask for specific information about your disease Cancer is a broad term that does not indicate the type or stage of the cancer. When speaking to your physician about your disease, ask the doctor to be as specific as possible, writing down the type and stage of cancer in your body. If doctors determine the cancer has metastasized, ask for detailed information about where the cancer has spread and the treatments being considered. You can then use this information to learn more about your disease.
Be direct When asking your do c tor ab out your disease, be as direct as possible. Beating around the bush or masking your concerns may only lead to misinformation that
Ask the doctor to recommend resources to help you learn about your disease A simple search for the words “prostate cancer” on Google turns up more than 21 million results.
The Internet is awash in information about cancer and other diseases, and finding up-to-date information you can trust can be akin to finding a needle in a haystack. So ask your doctor to recommend specific resources, be it a website, magazine or even a forum or support group where patients discuss their disease, so you can learn about your disease without getting lost in the jungle of information online. Bring a loved one Learning about your d i s e a s e , t re at m e nt options and prognosis can be overwhelming and emotional, so bring a loved one along for support when speaking to your physician. Physicians are great resources for cancer patients, who can take several steps to make discussions with their doctors as informative as possible. ■
October 21, 2015
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
October 21, 2015
TREA TING PAIN ASSOC I AT E D WITH CANCE R P
ain is not always a side effect of cancer, but many people do experience pain while battling this potentially deadly disease. People who have been diagnosed with cancer should know that they don’t have to accept pain as a normal part of their disease, and there are plenty of options at their disposal to alleviate their pain. According to the American Cancer Society, all pain can be treated, and most of it can be controlled or relieved. How physicians treat pain will depend on the type of pain and its cause, but the following are some options doctors may discuss with their patients who are experiencing pain. • Medication: The type of medication doctors prescribe will
depend on a host of factors, including the level of pain their patients are dealing with. Nonopioids like acetaminophen, aspiring or ibuprofen may be used to treat mild to moderate pain, though patients who are having surgery or receiving chemotherapy may need to steer clear of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen because they can slow blood clotting. Opioids, which include oxycodone and morphine, may be prescribed for moderate to severe pain. Pain caused by swelling or pressure may be treated by prescription steroids, such as prednisone and dexamethasone. • Surgery: The ACS notes that surgery may be an option to reduce pain associated with cancer.
Nerve pathways carry pain impulses to the brain, but when these impulses are interrupted, they never make it to the brain and the feelings of pain and pressure cannot be felt. To block these pathways, neurosurgeons may cut nerves, but such surgery is irreversible, so cancer patients should expect their physicians and surgeons to explore other avenues before recommending surgery. • Epidural: An epidural is a method of pain relief in which medicine is injected into the space around the layers of the spine. Doctors may implant a pump so they can get pain medicines right around the nerves, and the treated area may experience numbness or weakness as a result.
• Ne r v e b l o c k : Another way to treat pain associated with cancer is via a nerve block, a procedure in which a local anesthetic is injected into or around a nerve. If doctors do not choose that option, the anesthetic, which is often combined with a steroid, may be injected into the space around the spinal cord to block pain. While the injection makes it impossible for the nerve to relay pain to the brain, the nerve block may cause muscle paralysis or a loss of all feeling in the affected area. Managing pain associated with cancer can be difficult, but patients dealing with such pain can discuss the many pain treatment options at their disposal with their physicians. ■
October 21, 2015
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
Cancer Screenings Men Should Consider
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ancer screenings play an important role in cancer prevention. Screenings may not prevent people from getting cancer, but they can detect the presence of cancer before a person begins to experience any signs or symptoms. Screenings also can help doctors catch cancer before it metastasizes, or spreads, to areas of the body outside the area where it originated. Many women get routine mammograms to detect for breast cancer, but women are not the only ones who should include cancer screenings in their healthcare routines. Men also can benefit from screenings, discussing the pros and cons of each with their physicians during routine health examinations. • Colon cancer: Men should begin getting screened for colon cancer at age 50, though those with family histories of colon cancer or other colon issues should begin even earlier, as family history increases a man’s risk of developing colon cancer. Colon cancer screenings may discover a type of growth known as a polyp, which is typically benign and can be removed before it develops into cancer. The
American Cancer Society notes that men have various options to choose from with regard to screening for colon cancer. Such options include a colonoscopy, a stool DNA test and a camera pill. Speak to your physician about these options and discuss your family history, which will influence how frequently you need to be screened for colon cancer. • Lung cancer: Screening for lung cancer is most important for men who currently
or recently smoked. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for men between the ages of 55 and 80 who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a man has not smoked for 15 years or has developed a health problem that substantially limits a man’s life
October 21, 2015
expectancy or his ability or willingness to undergo curative lung surgery. (Note: Pack-year history is calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years the person has smoked.) The ACS notes that the risks associated with lung cancer screenings typically outweigh the benefits for men who have never smoked or quit long ago. • Prostate cancer: The National Cancer Institute notes that prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer among men in the United States. Being 50 years of age, black and/or having a brother, son or father who had prostate cancer increase a man’s risk of developing the disease. The NCI notes that screening tests for prostate cancer, which include a digital rectal exam and a prostate-specific antigen test, come with risks, and men should discuss these risks and the potential benefits of prostate cancer screenings before deciding to be screened. Cancer screenings can detect cancer in its earliest stages, and as men get older, they should discuss their screening options with their physicians. ■
October 21, 2015
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
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Chemotherapy is often part of cancer patients’ treatment plans. The use of medicine or drugs to treat cancer, chemotherapy can work throughout the body to kill cancer cells that have spread to parts of the body far away from the original tumor. Chemotherapy drugs are often used in combination to kill cancer cells. While it’s possible that doctors will use only a single chemo drug to treat cancer, using multiple drugs can reduce the risk that the cancer will become resistant to a specific drug. In addition, chemotherapy is often used along with surgery or radiation therapy, as the American Cancer Society notes that chemotherapy can be used to shrink a tumor prior to surgery or radiation therapy or used after such treatments to kill any cancer cells that might remain. Because they can be
so potent, chemotherapy drugs can produce side effects, the severity of which varies from person to person. Doctors can help cancer patients prepare for potential side effects, which can disappear quickly after treatment or last longer as healthy cells take time to recover. Some side effects of chemotherapy treatments, such as long-term damage to the heart, lungs, kidneys or reproductive organs, can last a lifetime, and men and women will need to work with their physicians to manage these side effects even after treatments have ended. Long-term side effects do not affect everyone who undergoes chemotherapy treatments, but the following are some of the more common side effects that men and women undergoing chemotherapy may experience during and after their treatments. (Continued on next page)
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Fatigue Some people experiencing chemotherapyrelated fatigue will be only mildly tired, while others may feel exhausted. The ACS notes that such fatigue tends to be worst at the end of a treatment cycle but typically goes away once treatment ends. Rest, including rest during the day, can help combat fatigue from chemotherapy. It’s also good to eat a well-balanced diet, drink plenty of liquids and limit your activities if fatigue is extreme. Hair loss Certain chemotherapy drugs will contribute to hair loss, which can range from mild thinning of the hair to more complete hair loss. Hair lost during chemotherapy treatment typically grows
The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
back once treatments are over, but the hair that grows back may be a different color or texture. Hair loss typically occurs after a handful of treatments, and hair may fall out slowly or in clumps.
Nausea and vomiting The frequency and severity of chemotherapy patients’ bouts of nausea and vomiting depends on the drugs they are taking to treat their cancer. Nausea and vomiting
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may begin during treatment and last a few hours, but severe nausea and vomiting can last several days. Patients experiencing difficulty keeping liquids down should notify their physicians, as should those experiencing nausea or vomiting for more than a day. The ACS notes that antiemetics are drugs that can help relieve chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting, and patients may need to try various anti-emetics before finding one that’s effective for them. Chemotherapy is an effective tool in the fight against cancer, and men and women about to begin treatments should expect some side effects as those treatments progress. ■
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
October 21, 2015
About Colonoscopy
N
early one in every 20 adult Americans will develop colon cancer in his or her lifetime. Research has confirmed that the single best prevention for colon cancer is the early detection and removal of all colon polyps. And the best method for detection and removal is a colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases of the large intes-
tine. As a result of the progress made in the field of fiber optics, colonoscopies are now considered a
Frequently Asked Questions About Colonoscopy Q. What is a colonoscopy? A. The colon, which is shaped like a very large question mark with many twists and turns, begins in the right lower abdomen and ends in the rectum. A colonoscopy is a safe, effective method of visually examining the colon using a very narrow lighted, flexible fiber optic tube called a colonoscope. At the end of the tube is a miniature camera with a wide-angle lens that helps your doctor examine the lining of your digestive tract on a video monitor. More accurate than a barium enema X-ray and much simpler than exploratory abdominal surgery, colonoscopy
is safe and generally welltolerated by patients. Q. How do I know if I need a colonoscopy? A. Your physician may recommend a colonoscopy if you have changes in bowel habits, blood in your stool, an unusual abdominal pain, a history of colon polyps or a history of colon cancer in your family, or if you suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (colitis) or Crohn’s disease. Colonoscopies also can verify findings of polyps or tumors located with a barium enema exam, as well as evaluate intestinal inflammation, ulcerations and diverticulitis.
safe, relatively simple and highly effective diagnostic technique. Increased awareness of the value of Q. What should I do before the procedure? A. Always tell your doctor if you are taking any medications – particularly those that may affect blood clotting — or if you have any special medical conditions, including diabetes, pregnancy, lung or heart conditions. Also let your doctor know if you are allergic to any medications. If you have ever been told to take antibiotics before a dental or surgical procedure, you may need to take antibiotics before a colonoscopy. Your physician can answer all your questions. Q. Is any preparation necessary before the procedure? A. Yes. Your colon must be completely empty for the colonoscopy to be thorough and safe. There are a variety of preparations your doctor can
early diagnosis has made the procedure part of many people’s comprehensive physical examination. Through the use of colonoscopy, a physician can detect and remove polyps without abdominal surgery, and perform biopsies, which may reveal early signs of cancer. In addition, periodic colonoscopy is critical in monitoring patients who have had polyps, colitis or colon cancer, or who have a family history of colon cancer. choose from to flush the colon, including tablets or a liquid solution that you drink. In addition, you will be asked to drink only clear liquids for one or two days before the procedure and you will be given advice on taking regular medications during that time. A list of detailed instructions will be provided by your physician. Q. What happens during the procedure? A. On the day of the procedure you will be given a mild sedative to help you relax. During the procedure, you will lie on your left side on an examining table and the physician will insert the colonoscope into the rectum and gently move it through your colon. There are several tiny instruments in the scope that help the physician during the procedure: one to blow air into your
October 21, 2015
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
colon, which inflates it to help the physician see better; one to remove polyps or take biopsies; and one to stop any bleeding. After the procedure, you may experience a little discomfort, like the feeling of having gas, but that soon subsides. The entire procedure usually takes less than 30 minutes and most people can resume their regular diet later that day. Q. What happens after the examination? A. Your physician will explain the findings to you. If a biopsy was performed or a polyp removed, you should get the results in about a week. Your physician may give you other special instructions as
well. Even though you should feel fine, you must have someone else drive you home after the procedure because of the sedatives. You should not drive, operate heavy machinery or make important decisions for up to six hours after your procedure. If you’ve had prolonged effects from the sedative, you may need to make a follow-up appointment. If you have excessive or prolonged rectal bleeding or severe abdominal pain, fever or chills, call your doctor right away. Q. Are there any risks associated with having a colonoscopy? A. Serious complications from this procedure
are very rare. Of course, as with any medical procedure, they can occur. Complications might include excessive bleeding, especially if a large polyp was removed, or, in rare cases, a tear in the lining of the colon, which might require hospitalization or surgery. Again, these complications are rare. Q. What is Fuse®? A. Fuse®, or ‘Full Spectrum Endoscopy™,’ is the latest advancement in colonoscopy. It provides your physician with a panoramic 330 degree field of view (as compared to the 170 degree view common with standard, forwardviewing scopes). This
increased field of view provides your physician with the ability to see and detect more abnormalities. Q. Will the procedure be any different if my physician uses Fuse® technology? A. No. Your experience is exactly the same. The difference with Fuse is the enhanced field of view experienced by your physician. Q. Does Fuse® colonoscopy cost more than standard colonoscopy? A. No. Fuse® colonoscopy is covered by your insurance in the same way as standard colonoscopy. ■
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
October 21, 2015
CANCER THERAPY AND COPING WITH
HAIR LOSS
A cancer diagnosis can catch a person off-guard and drum up all types of feelings. Many people diagnosed with cancer become anxious about treatment and any potential side effects it may produce. Hair loss is one side effect widely associated with cancer treatment, though not all cancer patients will lose their hair. For example, Breastcancer. org notes that patients undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer will not lose the hair on their heads because radiation is a localized treatment. Hair loss in the area of treatment, such as under the
arms or on the breast itself, may occur. But hair loss on other areas of the body is more likely to occur as a result of chemotherapy treatment, as chemotherapy affects the entire body. Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells. Hair follicles are some of the fastest-growing cells in the body and chemotherapy targets fast-growing cancer cells. Various studies show that many women fear losing their hair more than losing a breast, as breast loss can be concealed more easily than hair loss. However, there are ways to cope with hair loss, par-
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ticularly through the use of wigs and head coverings. • Ask your doctor to write a prescription for a wig, which may be covered by your health insurance. If you are covered, that can help to offset the cost of the wig. • Start shopping for a wig early on — even before hair loss occurs. As you get further along into treatment, you may feel fatigued and not up to shopping for wigs. • Choose a color that is similar to your natural hair color. This will help the wig look more natural. • If possible, purchase more than one wig so you have a backup or another style choice. • Visit a wig store at least once for a proper fitting so you will know what to look for. Wigs come in
different cap sizes. Once you know your size, you can consider shopping for wigs online. • Human hair wigs are more expensive, but they can be more durable than synthetic wigs and offer more styling choices. However, synthetic wigs can usually be worn out of the box and require less daily styling. • Head wraps and hats are an alternative when you need a break from wearing a wig. Choose a variety of options so you can coordinate with your clothing. Losing hair due to cancer treatment is seldom easy. Being prepared for the transition by having a quality wig and comfortable head wraps at the ready can make dealing with hair loss easier. ■
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October 21, 2015
The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
October 21, 2015
The Differences Between Chemotherapy And Radiation Cancer can take on many forms and spread throughout the body, infiltrating healthy cells and causing an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells that often turn into tumors. Various cancer-treatment options are available to treat men and women diagnosed with this potentially deadly disease, but the ones most familiar to many people are radiation and chemotherapy. Working with their doctors, patients can explore their treatment options to determine which therapies may be most effective. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment in which a patient is administered drugs that are designed to kill cancer cells. These drugs work by attacking the components that allow cells to divide, grow and spread. Many chemotherapy drugs are given intravenously, in cycles, over a couple of weeks, but some chemotherapy medications may be
taken orally. Chemotherapy primarily targets cells that divide rapidly, like cancer cells. But because other healthy cells also divide rapidly, such as cells in the hair and digestive tract, patients may experience side effects in these areas when undergoing chemotherapy treatment, according to the Southeast Radiation Oncology Group. Radiation Radiation surrounds us in various forms. Many people are familiar with ultraviolet radiation from the sun, and radiation can be present in certain minerals and substances as well. The high-energy particles and waves contained in radiation can be used in cancer therapy, according to the American Cancer Society. Radiation therapy can be delivered in various forms. External radiation uses a machine that precisely directs high-energy rays from outside of the body into a tumor and nearby tissue. Internal radiation relies on a radioac-
Jones
tive implant placed inside the body near the tumor. Systemic radiation is the delivery of radioactive materials to a patient orally or through an injection. Hormone Therapy Doctors may suggest hormone therapy to treat breast cancer. The American Cancer Society says estrogen promotes the growth of cancers that are hormone receptor-positive (roughly 67 percent of breast cancers are). Hormone therapy will lower estrogen levels or prevent estrogen from acting on breast cancer cells. However, it will not work on tumors that are hormone receptor-negative. Doctors use a combination of therapies to treat breast cancer and other forms of cancer. Learn more about various cancer therapies at The National Institutes of Health’s MedLine Plus website www.nlm.nih. gov/medlineplus/druginformation. html or speak with an oncologist. ■
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
October Is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, but
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Because your Health & Wellness are Important to Us! The Felician Wellness Center Brings Together The Best Practices of the Centralia Recreation Complex, St. Mary’s Good Samaritan and Felician Services, Inc. Our Shared Mission: The Felician Wellness Center will provide quality, cost-effective, community-based care to the people of Southern Illinois who need assistance with a chronic disease, transitional rehabilitation, or those who are at risk of poor health. Working cooperatively, St. Mary’s Good Samaritan, Centralia Recreation Complex, and Felician Service, Inc. will achieve their common goals through responsible leadership and a shared vision of improving the mind, body, spirit and environment of the communities. Call for more information.
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AQUA-ARTHRITIS MORNING FITNESS CLASSES w/ DICK CARPENTER Coach Dick Carpenter brings years of fitness experience. This class is geared to: Cardiovascular Weight Training, Agility Training and Flexibility. Coach Carpenter and the Complex do ask that any person wishing to take this class that is under a physician’s care, bring a release from their doctor. Monday / Wednesday / Thursday 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. 3 Days per Week Classes: $20/ Mo. Passholder; $40/Mo. Non-Passholder. 5 Days per Week Classes Available : $30/Mo. Passholder; $50/Mo. Non Passholder
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The Recreation Complex is proud to offer this program. Program participants are led by trained personnel through a series of specially designed exercises. It is not necessary to know how to swim or even get your hair wet to attend this class. Program Dates / Fees: Tuesday & Thursday 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 Noon. May be paid daily for $4.00 Adults or $3.00 Senior Citizens. You may also purchase a monthly pass and have complete use of the facility, as well as attend the Aqua Arthritis class for the cost of the pass.
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115 East Second Street • Downtown Centralia 532-3214 • www.centraliarecreationcomplex.com
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
Handling Cancer-Related
C
FATIGUE
ancer can take both a physical and emotional toll on a person. Treatments designed to combat cancer cells are often effective, but they also may compromise the body in certain ways, including causing extreme fatigue in patients. Causes of fatigue The Mayo Clinic advises that fatigue can result from the treatment
or the cancer itself. The exact causes of cancerrelated exhaustion aren’t always clear, and the coping mechanisms may differ from person to person. Some doctors believe that cancers release proteins called cytokines that contribute to fatigue. Other cancers may tax the body’s immune system, causing it to expend more energy to fight the disease. Chemotherapy and radiation may damage
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healthy cells in addition to targeted cancer cells, which may result in fatigue. If treatment destroys too many red blood cells, patients may develop anemia and related fatigue. Another potential cause of fatigue is the emotional toll cancer can take on a person. Concerns or depression may lead to lack of sleep, and interrupted or inconsistent sleep can add to fatigue. Additionally, poor nutrition, medications, lack of exercise, and hormonal changes may contribute to feelings of fatigue. Fighting fatigue Men and women undergoing cancer treatments can take steps to alleviate any fatigue they might be feeling. First, prioritize your daily to-do list, doing only those things
October 21, 2015 that are most important to you. This way you will have enough energy to tackle those tasks that can’t go undone. Then you can employ these guidelines for conserving energy. • Don’t be shy about asking for help. Ask relatives and friends to run errands or handle tasks that take up too much of your limited energy. Your friends and family will no doubt be happy to lend a helping hand. • Do one thing at a time, and don’t worry about multitasking. • Try to maintain a daily routine that keeps your energy levels up. Balance activity with rest so you can recharge. • Get outdoors to enjoy fresh air and sunshine. Simply spending time outside can improve your mood and replenish your energy levels. • Reorganize your home to put important items within your reach. • Limit work that requires reaching over your head. • Follow a healthy meal plan that is loaded with vitamins and minerals. • Avoid extremes in temperature, including long, hot baths or showers. Steer clear of smoke or harmful fumes. • Talk to your doctor about which exercises you can continue to do or incorporate into your treatment regimen. Fatigue is a common side effect of cancer treatments, but cancer patients can employ several strategies to restore their energy levels. ■
October 21, 2015
The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
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HOW TO AVOID RISK FACTORS AND REDUCE YOUR CANCER RISK No one is immune to cancer, a disease so prevalent the World Health Organization estimates it will claim more than eight million lives across the globe in 2015 alone. While even the healthiest man, woman or child can get cancer, there are steps everyone can take to lower their risk of developing the disease. According to the National Cancer Institute, reducing your exposure to avoidable risk factors may lower your risk for certain cancers. Some risk factors for cancer, such as age, cannot be avoided. However, the following are some risk factors that you have control over, and avoiding these might help you lower your risk for developing certain cancers.
ALCOHOL The NCI notes that drinking alcohol can increase your risk of developing cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, larynx, liver, and breast. The more alcohol a person consumes, the greater that person’s risk of developing cancer becomes. And that risk only increases when alcohol consumption is combined with tobacco use. When consuming alcohol, follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans established by the federal government.
These guidelines define moderate alcohol consumption as one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.
OBESITY Maintaining a healthy weight and taking steps to avoid obesity can help people reduce their risk for several cancers. According to the NCI, people who are obese have an increased risk for cancers of the breast (among women who have been through menopause), colon, rectum, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder. An added benefit to avoiding obesity is that the steps you take to do so, such as eating healthy and being physically active, can reduce your risk for illnesses like heart disease, type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
SUNLIGHT Limiting time spent in the sun, particularly between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., can reduce your risk of developing skin cancer. Exposure to UV radiation, whether its source is the sun or tanning beds, can cause early aging of the skin and skin damage that can lead to skin cancer. When spending time in the sun, the NCI advis-
es that adults and children wear long sleeves, pants, hats with wide brims, and sunglasses that absorb UV radiation. Sunscreen, especially products with a minimum sun protection factor of 15, can reduce one’s skin cancer risk. But applying such products is still not as effective as staying out of the sun and wearing protective clothing.
TOBACCO Tobacco is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Tobacco products and secondhand smoke contain chemicals that damage DNA, increasing a person’s risk for cancers of the lung, larynx, mouth, esophagus, throat, bladder, kidney, liver, stomach, pancreas, colon and rectum, and cervix. Unlike alcohol, which can be consumed in moderation, tobacco use is unhealthy no matter the level of a person’s use. Upon quitting smoking, a smoker’s life expectancy increases considerably compared to those who continue smoking. In addition, quitting smoking at the time of a cancer diagnosis reduces a cancer patient’s risk of death. Anyone can get cancer, but men and women can take proactive approaches to reducing their risk by avoiding several cancer risk factors. ■
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A Connection Between COPD And Lung Cancer? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer can have a substantial impact on a person’s health, affecting how well the body is able to process oxygen. Both can be a serious side effect of smoking, but is there a relationship between cancer and COPD? Various experts, including the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with the Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute, have weighed in on the link between COPD and lung cancer. COPD appears to be a strong risk factor for lung cancer, even among people who have never smoked. “Recent studies suggest that the genetic risk factors that predispose smokers to COPD may overlap
with those that predispose smokers to lung cancer,” said Brian Carlin, M.D., a pulmonologist and chairman of the COPD Alliance. “A majority of patients with lung cancer have underlying, but often undiagnosed, COPD.” The Cancer Prevention and Treatment Fund organization notes that more than half of all people with lung cancer also have COPD. Very often the symptoms of both conditions mesh. A person may discover he or she has COPD and then lung cancer, or vice-versa. Patients with either lung cancer or COPD often experience coughing and shortness of breath. They also may experience repeated episodes of pneumonia or bronchitis. But cancer may have its own distinct symptoms, such as
October 21, 2015
hoarseness, blood in sputum, weight loss, and lack of appetite. Lung cancer and COPD both can be fatal conditions when detected too late. Although COPD cannot be reversed, there are lifestyle changes and medications that can make breathing easier. Quitting smoking can prevent more serious consequences down the line, and many people with early stage cancers can be cured. As with many types of cancers, the stage of the cancer at diagnosis heavily influences prognosis. People can take steps to stay on top of their pulmonary health. Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke is one of the most important things people can do. Recurring symptoms of coughing, shortness of breath or fatigue should be brought to the attention of your doctor. If COPD is diagnosed, recognize that lung cancer may not be far behind. ■
CANCER.
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October 21, 2015
any people have detected lumps or swelling in their neck, only to visit their physicians and learn they have thyroid cancer. Though thyroid cancer is uncommon, the American Cancer Society estimates that more than 62,000 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2015. And while the death rate from thyroid cancer is low compared with most other cancers, it is the most rapidly increasing cancer in United States. Such a reality only emphasizes the importance of learning about thyroid cancer and if there is anything you can do to lower your risk.
What is the thyroid?
UNDERSTANDING
THYROID
CANCER
The thyroid is a butterflyshaped gland in the front part of the neck that is made up of two main types of cells. Follicular cells use iodine from the blood to make the thyroid hormones that help regulate metabolism. Excessive thyroid hormones is described as “hyperthyroidism,” which can cause irregular heartbeat, difficulty sleeping, nervousness, hunger, weight loss, and feelings of being too warm. Hypothyroidism occurs when a person has too little of the thyroid hormone, which can cause fatigue and weight gain and may lead to a person slowing down. The thyroid gland also is made up of C cells that produce the hormone calcitonin, which helps control how the body uses calcium.
What is thyroid cancer?
Thyroid cancer occurs when cells in the thyroid gland grow
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
abnormally and out of control. Papillary carcinoma is the most common form of thyroid cancer, accounting for roughly 8 out of 10 instances, according to the ACS. Papillary carcinomas typically grow very slowly, but they often spread to the lymph nodes in the neck. As common as papillary carcinomas are with regard to instances of thyroid cancer, they are rarely fatal. Follicular carcinoma is another form of thyroid cancer. Follicular carcinoma does not usually spread to the lymph nodes and is more common in countries where people do not get enough iodine in their diets. The prognosis for follicular carcinoma is very good, though slightly less so than papillary carcinoma. Hürthle cell carcinoma accounts for about 3 percent of thyroid cancers and is a variant
follicular carcinoma. Hürthle cell carcinoma is harder to find and treat than other forms of thyroid cancer. Additional types of thyroid cancer include medullary thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, thyroid lymphoma, and thyroid sarcoma.
Risk factors for thyroid cancer
The following are a handful of risk factors that increase a person’s risk of developing thyroid cancer. • Gender: The ACS notes that women are at greater risk of developing thyroid cancer than men. Thyroid cancer occurs about three times more often in women than in men. • Age: Thyroid cancer does not discriminate based on age, but women are most often diagnosed
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2015
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WEEKLY PAPERS MT. VERNON / BENTON AREA
October 21, 2015
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The Shopper’s Weekly, Inc. Located at 301 E. Broadway, P.O. Box 1223, Centralia Illinois 62801 Telephone (618)533-7283 • Fax (618)533-7284 info@theshoppersweekly.com • www.THEshoppersweekly.com Copyright ©2015 • All Rights Reserved.
Publisher / Editor: Cathy Stuehmeier General Manager: John Stuehmeier Advertising: John Stuehmeier, Cathy Stuehmeier, Rhonda Hatcher, Peggy Johnson, Rachel Pahnke Production Manager: T. Scott Pinkowski Production / Web Staff: Cindy Goodnight, DeLorean Coleman Bookkeeping: Janice Hurn
in their 40s and 50s while men tend to be diagnosed in their 60s and 70s. • Diet: Areas of the world where diets are low in iodine have more cases of follicular carcinoma than areas, such as the United States, where iodine, which is typically added to table salt and other foods, is more likely to be a regular part of a person’s diet. • Radiation: According to the ACS, exposure to radiation is a proven risk factor for thyroid cancer. Head or neck radiation treatments during childhood increase a person’s risk, though imaging tests such as X-rays and CT scans use low doses of radiation, making their connection to thyroid cancer risk unclear. More information on thyroid cancer is available at www.cancer. org/cancer/thyroidcancer. ■
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“Where our only business is your good health.” CORNER OF LINCOLN & NOLEMAN
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October 21, 2015
The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
Relay for Life’s theme this year is Paint your World Purple. Our team raised $7,015.00 for Relay for Life last year to help fight cancer. Call us to join our Relay Family at American Family this year and help save lives with us and paint your world purple.
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Cancer Terms To Know Receiving a cancer diagnosis can be a lifechanging event, and the impacts are both immediate and long-term. Upon being diagnosed with cancer, men and women may find themselves perusing their dictionaries to learn the meanings of certain terms related to their disease and treatments. The following are a handful of terms that men and women may encounter when they or someone they love is diagnosed with cancer. • Acute: When cancer symptoms are acute, they begin and worsen quickly but do not last over an extended period of time.
• Benign: Describes tumors that are not cancerous.
started. Such cancer may grow into other tissues or parts of the body.
• Carcinoma: A cancer that starts in the epithelial tissue of the skin or a cancer of the lining of the internal organs.
• Malignant: A term that describes tumors that are cancerous and capable of invading nearby tissue or spreading to other parts of the body.
• Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs are often used in combination to fight cancer. • In situ: Also called “noninvasive cancer,” “in situ” refers to cancer that has not spread to nearby tissue. • Invasive cancer: Cancer that has spread outside the layer of tissue in which it
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• Metastasis: The development of secondary malignant growths away from the primary site of the cancer. When cancer has metastasized, that means it has begun to spread to others part of the body. • Oncologist: Doctors who specialize in treating patients with cancer.
• Pathologist: Doctors who specialize in interpreting lab tests and evaluating cells, tissues and organs to diagnose disease. • Sarcoma: A type of cancer that develops in the tissues that support and connect the body, including fat and muscle. • Stage: A term used to describe how advanced a cancer is. Stages differ for each type of cancer, and the stage may shed light on where in the body the cancer is, whether or not is has spread and its effects on the body at the time of diagnosis. • Tumor: Masses that form when cells start to change and grow uncontrollably. ■
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October 21, 2015
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Foods That Help Fight Cancer
While no single food or ingredient can prevent people from getting cancer, research has shown a link between excess body fat and various cancers. A poor diet that’s high in fat can contribute to excess body fat, which the American Institute for Cancer Research has linked to higher risks for developing cancers of the esophagus, pancreas, colon and rectum, and gallbladder, among others. The AICR notes that research on foods that fight cancer is ongoing, but the following are some of the foods that can play a role in cancer prevention. Apples Apples are a good source of fiber, which can help men and women lower their cancer risk. Dietary fiber can increase feelings of fullness, which reduces the likelihood that people will overeat. Men and women who do not overeat are less likely to accumulate the excess body fat that increases their risk for various cancers. In addition, apples’ dietary fiber contains pectin, a polysaccharide that bacteria in the stomach can use to produce compounds that protect colon cells. Broccoli Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable, and nearly all cruciferous vegetables, which get their name because their four-petal flowers resemble a cross, or crucifer, are great sources of vitamin C. Broccoli also is a great source of the B vitamin folate as well as potassium. The AICR notes that studies have shown folate helps to maintain healthy DNA and keep cancer-promoting genes inactive. But men and women should speak with
Did You Know?
According to the National Cancer Institute, research has indicated strong and consistent associations between wood dust and cancers of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. These associations were observed in studies of people whose occupations were associated with wood dust exposure and in studies that estimated wood dust exposure. Wood dust forms when machines or tools are used to cut or shape wood, so men and women who
their physicians regarding how much folate to include in their diets, as animal studies have suggested that high amounts of folate may promote development of certain types of cancer, including colon cancer. Cranberries Like apples, cranberries are high in dietary fiber and vitamin C. Diets high in foods containing vitamin C have been linked to a reduced risk for cancer of the esophagus. In addition, studies have shown that vitamin C protects cells’ DNA by trapping free radicals, which can damage the body, and inhibiting the formation of substances called carcinogens, which are capable of causing cancer in living tissue. Legumes Legumes include kidney and black beans, yellow split peas and red lentils. Dry beans and peas are great sources of fiber and good sources of protein, and each also make excellent sources of folate. In addition to their ability to contribute to the protection of colon cells, legumes also contain various phytochemicals, which researchers feel may decrease chronic inflammation, a risk factor for many cancers. In addition, these phytochemicals may increase the self-destruction of cancer cells. While there are no magic foods that can guarantee men and women won’t one day develop cancer, there are many foods that research has shown are capable of reducing a person’s risk of developing this potentially deadly disease. More information on cancer-fighting foods is available at www.aicr.org. ■
work in the furniture-manufacturing industry as well cabinet makers and carpenters figure to be at a higher risk of cancers associated with wood dust than those who do not work in such industries. One way to reduce exposure to wood dust is to install exhaust ventilation systems that collect wood dust at points where it is produced. Workers also can wear respirators to reduce their exposure to wood dust. ■
October 21, 2015
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The Shoppers Weekly Papers • Surviving Cancer
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