Decoding Response (part 3/4)

“..what the future held for the city that Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh had planned with such meticulous care almost 250 years ago and which every ruler who succeeded him had enhanced- the last of them being Jai.

From my vanta e- point I could see how the city was expandin day by day, and I wondered whether it would one day become one of those anonymous characterless metropolises that could be anywhere in the world. No, that could not be possible; the hills crowned with forts that cradle Jaipur would always be there, and so would the clear blue sky. The air would always be pure-or would it?

Jaipur had a westerly wind, and with a typical lack of foresight the town planning authorities had allotted land to the west of the city for industrial development. Factories are growing like mushrooms and soon the westerly wind will carry the smoke from their chimneys across the city and pollute the air.”

Maharani Gayatri Devi

Ramusack BN, Devi G, Rau SR. A Princess Remembers: The Memoirs of the Maharani of Jaipur.

Part III: A search for a responsive city

CRITERIA FOR SITE

In order to understand the various stimuli and responses in the city, the area under study must be able to exhibit a multitude of stimuli: both through users on site and the kinds of activities.

A truly responsive space is one that is able to react in any given circumstance. To determine the forces of response that exist in the neighborhoods, an array of stimuli has been studied. A dynamic, fast paced and indispensable ensures maximum stimuli and hence, response.

A civilization is complicated, in the frst place, because it is dynamic; that is, it is constantly changing in the passage of time, until it has perished.

- Carroll Quigley 28

WHO WHEN WHAT

The area should have a variety of users; some permanent but a majority passing/ temporary.

To study response, it is imperative that the users that frequent the area are dynamic in number, type and activity.

The activities on site should be a function of time; changing throughout the day, month or year

To study response, which itself is a function of time, the site needs to be driven by the calendar.

The site should have multiple simultaneous functions or activities

To study response, which is a result of a change in activity, the site should possess incessant dynamic processes.

The study of response at different sites will uncover whether the given site is:

1) Already highly responsive but can be enhanced through addition of paraphernalia or might be damaged due to it. OR

2) A less responsive site which has the potential to increase its responsiveness through change/ addition of program.

Choti Chaupad

Previously used as a public gathering and resting space, the baori lies in the midst of a traffic island which makes it completely inaccessible. The site has a wide number of changing functions and remains an integral part of many lives.

Sanganeri Gate

The gate marks an important entry point into the city but today exists as more of a symbol. It witnesses a variety of functions both within the gate complex and around it. The gate harbours different programmes throughout the month.

Badi Chaupad

The site borders the heritage precincts of the city and harbours a novel metro station; it is brimming with people and their activities and changes throughout the day. Similar to the Choti Chaupad, the baori exists as a traffic island.

Fig. 3.1.4 Drone view of Sanganeri Gate Complex; Source: Internet

Fig. 3.1.3 Badi Chaupad; Source: Author

Fig. 3.1.2 Choti Chaupad; Source: Author

DEFINING PUBLIC SPACES 02

2.1

Chaupad

A chaupad is the intersection of four routes. In the walled city of Jaipur, the chaupad is marked by a baori (a traditional water system) which acted as a public square at its inception. The E-W axis connecting Chandpole to the west and Surajpole on the east is marked by three such chaupads. The ‘Choti Chaupad’, which is the westernmost chaupad is bustling with activities all throughout the day. Next, the ‘Badi Chaupad’ lies adjacent to major heritage

The chaupad is a place of intersection of not just four routes but also the various cultures, diversity and ideas that encompass the neighbourhoods around. It acts as a commencement point for various activities, as a marker in many processional events of the city and an important foci. A chaupad, thus, is the point of harmony and collision of ideas, of the amalgamation of a multitude of actors present in the walled city of Jaipur. A chaupad promotes chance encounters , places of conflict and a very high variety of stimuli. While it acts as a space of inclusion, the myriad of stimuli present in the area makes it a highly responsive space. This was a place where travelers could find solitude, informal vendors set shop and a majority of public gatherings took place. Today, these exist as islands in the midst of a tumultuous vehicle oriented road. Although the chaupads continue to be responsive to the dynamic forces of growth, the kind of response can be made more intuitive and productive.

Fig. 3.2.3 Choti Chaupad in

Fig. 3.2.2 Choti Chaupad in 2020; Source: Author

Fig. 3.2.1 Chaupads in the city; Source: Google maps, Author

GATE

(Merriam Webster)

1. an opening in a wall or fence;

2. a city or castle entrance often with defensive structures (such as towers)

Gates 2.2

The gates of the walled city of Jaipur were built into the six metre high, three metre wide walls of the city. The walled city “.. is pierced by a total of seven gates, a shastric model number. All of the gates were closed at night, a practice continued until 1942.”16 To alarm all citizens in the evening about the impending closure of gates, a small cannon would be fired in a similar fashion to the sounding of bells.

These gates acted as points of access to and from the walled city. The gate separated the city interiors from the exteriors; visibly separating the urban morphology of each. Inside was the bustling, vibrant city and outside lay the wilderness, gardens and retreats. The gate was, thus, an anchor for transitioning into the city; almost as a point of release. The gate complex acted as a place for pause and ultimately a launching point into the commotion of the city.

The gate as point of transition and permeability

Fig. 3.2.4 Gate; Retrieved from Columbia University Archives

The gate acts as a counter point to the chaupad; while the chaupad is a space of inclusion, the gate is a space for selective permeability. Avenues lead into the chaupad as a centre space for gathering while the gate acted as a point of departure or arrival. Today, these gates stand in the midst of turbid neighbourhood blocks consumed by an overburdened marketplace, merely as reminders of the inception of the city and its ways.

The gate complex does not hold its original functions, and as a result does not hold onto its importance as a point of transition. In today’s vehicle oriented roads, these gates stand as mere obstacles in one’s path.

The gates, however, have great potential to be relevant in today’s context; they can act as points of recharge for anyone transitioning from the more suburban exterior city towards the walled city of Jaipur.

Fig. 3.2.6 Drone view of Sanganeri Gate Complex; Source: Internet

SITES

Choti Chaupad 3.1

THE INTENDED CITY

Fig. 3.3.1 Land Use Plan for Choti Chaupad; Source: Author commercial mixed use residential

school mandir masjid

park heritage police station

library hotels

RETAIL shopper shopkeeper supplier

TRANSPORT traffic police pedestrians cyclists vehicle users

public transport users travelers animal operated carts

TOURISM tourists hotel users hotel staff photographers

HERITAGE artisans workshop workers royals

RELIGION procession participants temple/ mosque goers

EDUCATION children teaching staff

Choti Chaupad lies at the junction of the Kishanpol bazaar and Tripolia bazaar. A recent metro construction project led to the discovery of a buried ‘baori’(water storage space) that was then revived and conserved. The site celebrates the coming together of various cultures and users. A multitude of vendors occupy the streets and major junctions and the site constantly witnesses changing scenarios. The site also has:

1. heritage structures

2. chaupad

3. smart city proposal

4. transport infrastrcture (cars, bicycle, metro)

5. cultural processions

6. markets

Fig. 3.3.2 Nolli’s Plan for Choti Chaupad; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.3 Sanganeri Gate; Retrieved

THE LIVED CITY

OUTLIERS

All those who find their place within the city when the city fails to provide them space (the city’s failure to accept)

fruit seller

flower vendor

seasonal vendors

food stall/vendor

vehicle users rickshaw drivers tourism drivers

cultural performers ragpickers animals (monkey, cow, dog, cat, camel, elephant)

Fig. 3.3.4 ‘The Lived’ Land Use Plan for Choti Chaupad; Source: Author

commercial mixed use residential

school mandir masjid

park heritage police station

library hotels parking

taxi stop new offices street vendors

Former horse stables were converted into offices and warehouses to encourage traders

Informal vendors emerge wherever they can negotiate space Informal flower vendors have marked their territory

Informal parking spaces emerge near tourist spots

Informal parking spaces emerge near metro stations

the introduction of a new metro line results in new metro stations without proper infrastructure to cater to the change

Adding to the chaos at the chaupad island, traffic police frequently stops rule breakers

Art College was converted to the ‘Museum of Legacies’

Garbage is segregated at the stadium wall

The city is being filled with Smart City paraphernalia

Hotels near masjids feed the underpriveleged

Fig. 3.3.5 Ragpickers at Chaugan Stadium wall; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.6 Flower vendors at the Choti Chaupad; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.7 Police cabin at Choti Chaupad; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.8 The lived at Choti Chaupad; Source: Author

SPACE STIMULI

CHAUPAD

traffic police

CHANGE IN FIXED ELEMENT

GROUND PLANE

stopping of vehicles in the middle of the road

BUILT ELEMENTS

occupying of the baori on the periphery used point

STADIUM WALL

increase in number of cars; more parking needed

cars and other vehicles occupy most of the space at the corner of the junction

the as but quick accessible markets

flower vendors occupy the entire south east corner

cars are even parked over smart city paraphernalia

use of temporary built structures

need for waste segregation segregation of garbage on footpath

the stadium wall is a backdrop

CITY PALACE COMPOUND

change in governance occupying of spaces for commercial use

new office and warehouse spaces conversion

STREETS

METRO UNDERGROUND

need for instant shops vendors on the street use colonnade and other built spaces as a backdrop vendors the

connection to the rest of the city via metro

construction of new metro route and station underground occupying of junctions to access the underground metro discovery

CHANGE IN USE PATTERN ACTORS INVOLVED POINTS OF RUPTURE OVER TIME EVERYDAY ON EVENT DAYS

used to be a pause point and now is a check pointtraffic congestion on event days police, vehicles

the junction served as a point of pause but now exists as a parking space parking procession space vehicle owners

from vending to vending cyclic process of selling flowers

used to segregate waste

conversion of horse stables to offices

storage of goods, office space

festival days see a larger footfall in the area

cart vendors, shoppers, seasonal vendors

amount of garbage coming in after festivals is a huge amount ragpickers

excessive inlay of cars disrupts life

shift from a place of pause to parking

the city fails to respond to the vendors

the city fails to normalize the processes and accommodate waste

businessmen, employees adaptive reuse vendors pushed to the side of the street different kind of vendors occupy the street

seasonal vendors occupy the street

cart vendors, shoppers, seasonal vendors

vehicles parked on the peripherymetro users, vehicle owners

no proper infrastructure for cars construction of metro route led to discovery of buried baoris

Additional metro route has added onto the pressure at site

Fig. 3.3.9 Responsiveness at Choti Chaupad; Source: Author

Badi Chaupad 3.2

Fig. 3.3.10 Land Use Plan for Badi Chaupad; Source: Author

RETAIL shopper shopkeeper supplier

TRANSPORT

riot control police pedestrians cyclists vehicle users

public transport users travelers animal operated carts

TOURISM tourists hotel users hotel staff photographers

HERITAGE artisans workshop workers royals

RELIGION

procession participants temple/ mosque goers

EDUCATION children teaching staff

The Badi Chaupad is the second junction as one moves from west to east on the main junction road. It is highly pedestrianized because of the tourist spots around it and sees an influx of many vehicles. It acts as a flash point where different neighborhoods and their ideologies clash. It has a myriad of functions that can be bolstered/ enhanced.

Fig. 3.3.11 Nolli’s Plan for Badi Chaupad; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.12 Manak Chowk; Retrieved from Columbia University Archives

THE LIVED CITY

OUTLIERS

All those who find their place within the city when the city fails to provide them space (the city’s failure to accept)

fruit seller

flower vendor

seasonal vendors

food stall/vendor

vehicle users rickshaw drivers tourism drivers

cultural performers ragpickers animals (monkey, cow, dog, cat, camel, elephant)

Fig. 3.3.13 ‘The Lived’ Land Use Plan for Badi Chaupad; Source: Author

commercial mixed use residential

school mandir masjid

park heritage police station

library hotels parking

taxi stop new offices street vendors

city palace

jantar mantar

hawa mahal

wind view palace

Purohit ji ka Katla is the busiest market in the area

The Town hall is an unused, derelict space.

Informal parking spaces emerge near tourist spots

The jaleb chowk is now used as parking space

shops around tourist monuments cater to tourism

Informal flower vendors have marked their territory

increased pedestrian activity at the junction because of tourist

Adding to the chaos at the chaupad island, traffic police frequently stops rule breakers

Additional metro route has added onto the pressure at site

The city is being filled with Smart City paraphernalia

Fig. 3.3.14 E-rcikshaw hotspot near the metro station; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.15 Riot control police at Badi Chaupad; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.16 Policewomen starting the women protection campaign at Badi Chaupad; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.17 ‘The lived’ at Badi Chaupad; Source: Author

SPACE STIMULI

CHANGE IN FIXED ELEMENT

GROUND PLANE BUILT ELEMENTS

tourism near the chaupad increased footfall at the junction creation of new infrastructure to cater to tourists

CHAUPAD

TOWN HALL

JALEB CHOWK

traffic police stopping of vehicles in the middle of the road occupying of the baori on the periphery increase in number of cars; more parking needed

cars and other vehicles occupy most of the space at the corner of the junction

cars are even parked over smart city paraphernalia quick accessible markets

flower vendors occupy the entire south east corner

use of temporary built structures

shift of office to another part of the city remains the same unused, abandoned, derelict

increased tourist activity is now used for parking offices in the vicinity are shut down

STREETS

METRO UNDERGROUND

need for instant shops vendors on the street use colonnade and other built spaces as a backdrop

connection to the rest of the city via metro

construction of new metro route and station underground occupying of junctions to access the underground

CHANGE IN USE PATTERN ACTORS INVOLVED POINTS OF RUPTURE OVER TIME EVERYDAY ON EVENT DAYS

used to be a resting place for travellers and now stands as an island

Increased pedestrian activity at the junction because of tourist

heavy flow of traffic; much more commotion

bus, car and other vehicles’ owners

no significance of the baori itself

used to be a pause point and now is a check pointtraffic congestion on event days police, vehicles

the junction served as a point of pause but now exists as a parking space parking procession space vehicle owners

excessive inlay of cars disrupts life

shift from a place of pause to parking from vending to vending cyclic process of selling flowers

festival days see a larger footfall in the area

administration office to office space to derelict - -

cart vendors, shoppers, seasonal vendors

businessmen, government personnels

the city fails to respond to the vendors

potential to be of use in the dense fabric of the city from administrative space to parking tourist vehicle parking -

tourists, vehicle owners, tourism vehicles

much of the vehicle load interferes/ takes over infrastructure vendors pushed to the side of the street

different kind of vendors occupy the street

construction of metro route led to discovery of buried baoris

seasonal vendors occupy the street

cart vendors, shoppers, seasonal vendors

vehicles parked on the peripherymetro users, vehicle owners

no proper infrastructure for cars

Additional metro route has added onto the pressure at site

Fig. 3.3.18 Responsiveness at Badi Chaupad; Source: Author

Sanganeri Gate 3.3

Fig. 3.3.19 Land Use Plan for Sanganeri Gate; Source: Author

RETAIL shopper shopkeeper supplier

TRANSPORT tra fic police pedestrians cyclists vehicle users

public transport users travelers animal operated carts

TOURISM tourists hotel users hotel staff photographers

HERITAGE artisans workshop workers royals

EDUCATION children teachin sta

The Sanganeri gate, on the south side of the city, is a part of a network of seven gates across the walled city and leads to the Johari Bazaar. The gate opened to the road that led to the textile town of Sanganer towards the south. Currently, it functions as a mere symbol but it marks the stark difference between the inside of walled city and outside. It holds 5 city blocks around and acts as a threshold. It currently holds parking and some occasional vendors but has the potential to act as a launch pad/ a transition point.

Fig. 3.3.20 Nolli’s Plan for Sanganeri Gate; Source: Author

THE LIVED CITY

OUTLIERS

All those who find their place within the city when the city ails to provide them space (the city’s ailure to accept)

fruit seller

flower vendor

seasonal vendors

food stall/vendor

vehicle users rickshaw drivers tourism drivers

cultural performers animals (monkey, cow, do , cat, camel, elephant)

Fig. 3.3.22 ‘The Lived’ Land Use Plan for Sanganeri Gate; Source: Author

commercial mixed use residential

school mandir masjid

park informal market derelict market

road hotels parking

theatre hospital zoo

gate ground malls

An informal fruit market has emerged at the junction o the Jahauri bazaar

An in ormal cloth market emerges within the ate on Sundays

The Sanjay Bazaar, even after multiple tries from the authorities does not unction and remains relatively unused.

In ormal parkin spaces emerge within the gate complex

The gate exists as merely a symbol now

the Ramniwas Ba h underground Parking lot is relatively unused

The Jaipur Zoo was shifted to Nahargarh

Fig. 3.3.23 Ramniwas Bagh Parking lot; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.24 Sanjay bazaar; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.25 Informal fruit market; Source: Author

Fig. 3.3.26 The lived: carts on a sunday at Sanganeri Gate; Source: Author

SYSTEM STIMULI

GATE COMPLEX

extension of the city outside the walls

CHANGE IN FIXED ELEMENT

GROUND PLANE

BUILT ELEMENTS

opening up of ways/ walls as thoroughfares

need for parking in the city roads and footpaths occupied in parkingempty unused space within the gate complex mobile carts occupy the ground plane on Sundays wall edges used as vending spaces

SANJAY BAZAAR forces of the market

vendors occupy the roads and scrapdealers occupy pavement unused shops/ warehousing

JAIPUR ZOO shift of zoo remains a park infrastructure is in place

INTERNAL STREETS Market forces

RAMNIWAS BAGH PARKING need for additional parking space

the entire stretch is occupied by vendors

`previously used as playing ground, the space now has an underground parking complex

occupying of edges, walls and other built elements to set up fruit market

parking space for citydwellers

CHANGE IN USE PATTERN ACTORS INVOLVED POINTS OF RUPTURE OVER TIME EVERYDAY ON EVENT DAYS

gradual shift in occupation of gate complex; no longer a security checkpoint

shift from point of transition to point of halt

varying flow of traffic

heavy flow of traffic; much more commotion

tourist vehicles are parked at the gate complex less parking of vehicles

car and other vehicles’ owners

the gate has lost its meaning and now acts as a release of traffic

tourist vehicle drivers. two wheeler owners, car owners

gate complex as ‘another;’ traffic place shop-less vendors occupy the walls and footpath

shift from bazaar to warehouses a thriving scrap market

seasonal vendors on event days and cloth vendors on Sundays

sundays witness congested informal cloth market

mobile vendors

shop-less vendors policemen

mobile vendors

scrapdealers

seasonal vendors

the city fails to provide its vendors with appropriate spaces

even though the market sits at a prime location, it just solves the purpose of warehousing

acts as a park now that the animals have been shifted park

residents tourists potential to be more inclusivea busy and occupied market

excess number of shoppers on event days and Sundays

mobile vendors, shopless vendors, suppliers and shoppers

not used to its full capacity - vehicle users, staff relatively unused upper ground space

people have created their own market while the city fails to provide for it previously was a part of the ramniwas bagh, now serves as a parking lot

Fig. 3.3.27 Responsiveness at Sanganeri Gate; Source: Author

HOW WILL THE CITY COPE?

“Great care was taken in the expansion and modernisation of Jaipur to harmonise with the walled city. Nothing was allowed to spoil the beauty of Jaipur, which is today a noisy, dirty, overcrowded metropolis.

...there are no rules or strictures within the walled city. Every open space is built upon. There are no restrictions on the style or height of buildings and Jaipur is fast losing its unique character. Even the gracious and grand courtyards of the City Palace have been allowed to become bazaars. No one seems to care. One cannot blame the politicians, who have no interest in the future but are just concerned about how they can profit during their tenure. And the ofcials who serve them seem to know no better. These time-servers have no thought for posterity. I think about Rajaji’s warning to Jai to look after his heritage. “These people do not understand”, he said, “that these monuments should be preserved for posterity. They will turn them shops and ofces”. How right he was! “ 31

Fig. 3.3.28 Diwali market at Sanganeri gate; Source: Author

31. Ramusack BN, Devi G, Rau SR. A Princess Remembers: The Memoirs of the Maharani of Jaipur. Pac Aff. Published online 1987. doi:10.2307/2758857

PEOPLE CALLED JAIPUR 04

The users 4.1

TRANSPORT

tra fic police

pedestrians

cyclists

vehicle users

public transport users travelers

animal operated carts

rickshaw drivers

tourism drivers

TOURISM tourists

hotel users

hotel staff photographers

HERITAGE artisans

workshop workers

royals

RELIGION

procession participants

temple/ mosque goers

EDUCATION children

teachin sta

RETAIL

shopper

shopkeeper businessman

seasonal vendor supplier fruit seller

flower vendor

food stall/vendor

ra pickers

waste collectors

swachh bharat operators

ARTS

cultural per ormers

street artists

literature related museum workers

NON HUMAN animals (monkey, cow, do , cat, camel, elephant)

CART VENDOR

SPILLOUT

Fig. 3.4.4 Cedric Price, Manuscript draft of Fun Palace promotional literature, c. 1964. Cedric Price Archives, Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal.

4.2

Organizations

4.2.1

Jawahar Kala Kendra

In the last few of the years, JKK has become the popular cultural destination. It is giving voice to the new and upcomingarising art and cultural centres.

Artist’s database: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused tremendous losses to almost every community in the world. It had a pronounced effect on the artist community in Rajasthan.

To help such people, Jawahar Kala Kendra, along with the government of Rajasthan has set up ‘Mukhyamantri Lok Kalakar Protsahan Yojana’ (Chief Minister’s Folk Artist Encouragement Scheme) where artists can enroll. The list then will be provided to all employers looking for artisans to employ. An elaborate list of categories of artists is provided in the appendix.

Cup of Joy: An initiative where one can buy a cup of coffee for any artist or student when at the Indian Coffee House at the Jawahar Kala Kendra.

Summer workshops and children’s summer festival: Every year, children enrolled participate in workshops related to painting tribal art forms, like Bhil, Warli, Gond.

Women’s Week: To celebrate the occasion of women’s day, a week of activities. These programmes include art camp, art & photo exhibitions, talk, phulon ki holi, tilak holi, cultural performances, among others.

Travelling Exhibitions: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused tremendous losses to almost every community in the world. It had a pronounced effect on the artist community in Rajasthan.

Fig.

Fig. 3.4.6 http://jkk.artandculture.rajasthan.gov.in/content/ArtandCulture/en/jawahar-kala-kendra.html

4.2.2 Jaipur Virasat Foundation

Promotes, preserves and repositions Rajasthan’s creative traditions, arts, crafts and traditional wisdom to build an inclusive, diverse and sustainable contemporary economy. 29

Rajasthan Rural Arts Program (RRAP): “Promotes sustainable heritagebased social and economic development to increase livelihood opportunities in Rajasthan. The RRAP Museum and Hub aims to disseminate, promote, enliven and conserve these musical traditions and shed light on the unique knowledge they express.” 29

It has also helped organize the following:

Regional Arts Programme

Jaipur Literature Festival

Future sounds of Rajasthan

Jodhpur International Folk Festival

29. https://www.jaipurvirasatfoundation.org

Fig.

4.2.3 Jaipur Literature Festival

The festival aims “..to serve as a democratic, non-aligned platform ofering free and fair access.”30 Every year, the Festival puts together an electic mix of the greatest humanitarians writers, thinkers, business leaders, entertainers and politicians on one stage to express and engage in thoughtful debate and dialogue.

30. https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org

Fig. 3.4.10 https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org

Fig. 3.4.9 https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org

Government and UNESCO 4.3

4.3.1

The walled city of Jaipur known as ‘The Pink City’ has become the second city in India to become a UNESCO World Heritage site. After an elaborate study of the architecture and morphology of Jaipur, UNESCO proposed the following functions:

Fig. 3.4.11

https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/ pf0000192113/PDF/192113eng.pdf.multi

Heritage awareness programme

Adaptive reuse

Mainstreaming local crafts into the modern market

Improved physical access to the heritage resources

Interpretation of heritage resources of the city

Legislative and regulatory framework for heritage conservation

Incentive mechanisms for heritage management

Infrastructure improvement through community participation and public private partnership

4.3.2

Government: Smart City Proposal

According to the Jaipur Smart City report,

Fig. 3.4.12

‘Jaipur Smart City aspires to leverage its Heritage and Tourism, and through Innovative and Inclusive solutions, enhance the Quality of Life for its Citizens.’

Heritage and tourism: Develop a world class smart heritage zone by conserving and developing old heritage buildings along with provision of smart and sustainable infrastructure solutions improving overall tourist experience.

Innovative and inclusive: Innovative use of ICT for enabling better delivery of infrastructure and services; The proposal is also social inclusive with benefits targeted to citizens and visitors / tourist as well as lowest strata of society (waste recyclers and rag pickers)

Enhance quality of life: Jaipur city proposes solutions to improve public hygiene and cleanliness; promoting multi modal mobility to improve road congestion levels, increase tourists’ activity to grow the economy of the city

http://smartcities.gov.in/upload/

CITY BUILDING/ BUILDING CITY 05

Fig. 3.5.1 -3.5.3 Cedric Price, Manuscript draft of Fun Palace promotional literature, c. 1964. Cedric Price Archives, Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal.

Fig. 3.5.1

Fig. 3.5.2

Fig. 3.5.3

“It was an exuberant and joyful sight. There were swings, merry-go-rounds, a big wheel, and endless rows of stall selling trinkets, sweets and little clay dolls, and mixed with the good-humoured jostling of an Indian crowd, everyone dressed in their best finery for their visit to the palace, children tearing about, yelling with excitement on this holiday. All of us gasped with admiration as on one side of the arena, the Jaipur cavalry gave a meticulous display of jumping and tent pegging, while on the other side a desert tribe of military ascetics performed a whirling sword dance of incredible dexterity. The elephants were lined up, their howdahs draped with sumptuous satins and velvets; the soldiers stood in perfect ranks, their silver trappings and uniforms brilliant in the sun; and all around them was bustling mass with their bright turbans and multicolored dresses.”31

Cedric Price, with his ideas of a truly responsive place, imagined the immense possibilities of programs and activities that would occur in the Fun Palace. In his description, anything was allowed and imagined to happen. The imagination is juxtaposed with the description presented by the then Maharani of Jaipur, Gayatri Devi. She vividly describes the festivities of Teej and how the city completely transformed and responded to the vibrant fair-like setting.

A city will be truly responsive when it can cater to each and every individual ( inclusive), when it gives the authority of will to all of its users ( freedom ) and when the users contribute to the process of city building ( participation). An ideal city is not one in which either the lived ( anarchy ) or the intended ( authoritarian) triumph over the other; it is the harmony between the two. Jaipur walled city already proves to be responsive to the changing winds through mechanisms of its own throughout its history but some of its parts have been overburdened; some of its citizens find no place in the city and thus the city is not as responsive as it should be. In order for

Jaipur to maintain its relevance, it needs to start being much more interactive, inclusive and spontaneous. This chapter looks into the needs and desires of the various users present on site and how their processes and functioning will be bettered by the introduction of new processes. First, various scenarios are looked at to imagine futures to understand the impact of the present on the imaginations of the times ahead. Alternative collages are used as a medium to assess how the site would respond when a revolutionary alien program is place on site. Finally, thorough mind mapping, a possible list of programs is determined.

Fig. 3.5.4 Festivities in 1890; Retrieved from Columbia University Archives

Experiments 5.1

Juxtaposition of famous cultural buildings onto the Ram Niwas Bagh parking lot

POMPIDOU CENTRE

Renzo Piano, Richard Ro ers and Gian ranco Franchini

Fig. 3.5.5 Juxtaposition of Pompidou Centre onto Parking Lot; Source: Author

THE WALKING CITY Archigram

Fig. 3.5.8 Juxtaposition of The Walking City onto Parking Lot; Source: Author

Users and aspirations 5.2

SUPPLIER

docking

SHOPPER

RETAIL

SHOPKEEPER

RETAIL

permanence shop space

resting spaces comfort, misting, heating

SHOPLESS VENDOR

extended out shop expandable shop parking space for customers toilets parking space

CART VENDOR

TRAFFIC POLICE CYCLIST

night tourism

GOVT

WORKSHOP WORKERS

CRAFTS/ ARTISANS

UNESCO

HERITAGE ROYALS

recognition continuation of craft maintenance

FOOD cafe

more cultural activities

change of transport

MASJID GOERS

PROCESSIONS streetspace protest

RELIGIOUS

TEMPLE GOERS

WASTE COLLECTORS

RAGPICKERS

SWACHH BHARAT OPERATORS

TRANSPORTATION

PUBLIC VEHICLE OPERATOR TOURIST DRIVERS

TOURISM TOURIST

PHOTOGRAPHERS observe activities comfort

EDUCATION

COLLEGE STUDENTS

parking potluck of parts

SCHOOL STUDENTS

PUBLIC VEHICLE OPERATOR

resting spaces misting

PEDESTRIANS

TRANSPORTATION

ELECTRIC CARS

ERICKSHAW DRIVER charging station

TECHNOLOGY

COMFORT

handicap accessibility dustbin

PHOTOGRAPHERS

HOTEL STAFF TRAVELLERS

TOURISM

HOTEL USERS

observe all activities

TEACHERS + STAFF

SCHOOL STUDENTS

acts of play

less traffc

LITERATURE RELATED

CAT DOGS MONKEY

NON-HUMAN

CAMEL COWS

MUSEUM WORKERS

ARTS

PERFORMERS

STREET PERFORMERS

transformable street scapes

ELEPHANTS

festivals

impromptu street performance

Program Excavation 5.3

Traffc Police

E- Rickshaw Drivers

Tourism Drivers

Pedestrians

Vehicle Users

Public Transport

Tourist

Hotel Users

Travellers

Photographers

Artisans

Workshop Workers

Royals

Shopkeepers

Cart Vendors

Shopless Vendors

Dancers

Singers

Nomadic Nautankis

Ragpickers

Swachh Bharat Operators

metro bus stations

tourism network heritage city

concerts

lit fest

travelling theatre

smart city

Children

Teachers

Staff Dogs

Cows

Monkeys

NEIGHBORHOOD BUILDING/STREET OBJECT/ PERSONAL

transport interchange

e-rickshaw charging

parking

better operated roads

info centre

artisans

night market

loading/ unloading

shop integration

redesign market

performers (procession)

art gallery at choti chaupar

cinema halls

ragpicking

data processing building

toilets

handicap accessibility

teej processions

temples

mosques

better metro

transition point

hotels

museums

revival of town hall/library

warehouses

cart design

exhibition

book fairs gallery

segregation of waste

resting spaces

murals

Redesign carts

composting

misting/ relief

resting dustbins

chal pathshala

soup kitchen

Fig. 3.5.10 Program excavation; Source: Author

Strategies for intervention 5.4

5.4.1

In order to make better, certain aspects of the city need care and attention to continue to be relevant in today’s times and the future. By conserving processes of the city, the project makes sure of the continuation of a lived city, which is actually occupied by its users.

5.4.2

The city and a lot of its parts are struggling to respond to its everchanging users and carry out proper functioning. The project will aim to repair some of such areas of the city like the Town Hall at the Badi chaupad and the Sanjay Market at the Sanganeri Gate.

Conserve Repair Enhance

The advent of technology is making functioning just a little bit more convenient for all; the introduction of simple technological processes will aid the city become much more relevant to the incessant changes and help enhance a lot of the processes of the city.

Fig

5.4.4 Technology based systems

SOLAR PANEL SENSOR:

Changes direction of photovoltaic panels according to direction of the sun

Temperature sensor

PARKING SENSOR: Signals out empty parking spots to data analytics platform. It is connected to:

1. The roof motor that extracts out a shading device when a car is parked

2. bollard that extends upwards

SOLAR ENERGY > CHARGER

MISTING ARCH

v

ROOF EXTRACTS

eRICKSHAW CHARGER

CYCLE LANE

SOLAR POWERED TRASH COMPACTOR (CleanCUBE):

It communicates information it collects in real time through wireless transmission to a cloudbased monitoring and data analytics platform.

SMART LIGHT SENSOR: Detects motion and lights up hence saving on the amount of energy consumed.

emptyspots

chargeleft+emptyspotsappinputoftemperature

TEMPERATUREMOTOR-MISTING MECHANISM

The temperature sensor feeds into the motor that sprays mist through the misting arch whenever the temperature outside is high.

ROAD ZIPPER:

Sensor at the block before this one detects amount of traffc fow and changes the lane capacity in a particular direction by moving dividers towards a particular direction.

Fig. 3.5.12 Sensor city; Source: Author

It charge public spaces with the paraphernalia to be responsive to every situation, user and change in activity. By truly being responsive to any possible internal or external stimuli, the city can constantly renew itself to be more relevant to the context.

Sites for intervention 5.5

THE CITY AS A POTLUCK OF PARTS

DEPLOYABLE PARAPHERNALIA

The built provides parts for the whole city which can be plugged back into the building on event days

THE MUSEUM redesign the underground metro museum

STREET ECOSYSTEM:

Chaiwala

Resting Taxi Pickup

CHAUPAD

Area: 4,000m2

THE EDGE as a point of pause/ exchange

shift from a parking spot to spaces of interaction, fun and frolic

THE CHAUPAD as a point of clash shift from a traffc island back to a place of rest

IMPROMPTU STREET: Infrastructure laid out such that anything can happen on site

RESILIENT STREET: street such that it is resilient against fash foods, storms, riots

THE GATE the gate as a launching pad into the chaos of the city

VENDOR SPACE

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

1. TAKE BACK THE CITY FROM CARS

2. INCREASE RESILIENCE OF BUILT INFRASTRUCTURE

3. MAKE THE CITY A CULTURAL HUB AGAIN

4. PROVIDE THE CITY WITH PARAPHERNALIA TO RESPOND

5. TAKE HELP FROM CRAFTSMEN AND ARTISANS TO MAKE CITY BETTER

Processions planning made more

SMART CITY OBJECTS:

The existing smart city objects be redesigned/ re-looked make for more responsive

USERS cart vendor shopless vendor pedestrians cyclists vehicle users tourists animals

Shift of JLF

PARKING LOT

Area: 20,000m2

and can be effective

OBJECTS: objects can re-looked at to responsive streets

SPACE

TRANSITION

STREET

CHAUPAD

Area: 4,000m2

REJUVENATION OF JALEB CHOWK AS A PLACE OF ‘FUN’

ADAPTIVE REUSE OF TOWN HALL

THE STREET

City Level Neighborhood Street scale

in order to facilitate the chaos at the street level, CARTS FOR VENDORS

E-RICKSHAW CHARGING

COMFORT: MISTING RESTING SPACE

PARKING

DUSTBINS

PUBLIC TOILETS

WATER STATIONS

STAKEHOLDER JDA residents traders

USERS

cart vendor shopless vendor pedestrians cyclists vehicle users tourists processions ragpickers

Event days on the street can be made much more inclusive and responsive

THE LOST in order to rejuvenate the market,

STREET FAIRS

CART DESIGN

SUNDAY MARKETS

USERS

cart vendor shopless vendor pedestrians ragpickers scrapdealers

STAKEHOLDER JDA residents traders scrapdealers

THE BUILT a cyclic building with few permanent functions

EXHIBITIONS

BOOK FAIRS

GALLERY/ MUSEUM

CHAL PATHSHALA

WASTE SEGREGATION

GATE

Area: 4,000m2

ORGANIZATIONS

JLF JKK JVF

USERS

cart vendor shopless vendor pedestrians

cyclists vehicle users tourists ragpickers nomads

STAKEHOLDER

JDA residents vehicle users traders

The JDA parking lot sits a the mouth of the walled city, waiting to be ehanced with cultural programs

It marks the entry of Ravindra Manch which is a performance space

THE CITY AS A POTLUCK OF PARTS

DEPLOYABLE PARAPHERNALIA

The built provides parts for the whole city which can be plugged back into the building on event days

PARKING LOT Area: 20,000m2

STREET

GATE Area: 4,000m2