INSIDE OUT
INSIDE OUT Shruti Sabu Ganesan
A NEW CONCEPT New technology is transforming how cars are manufactured, what they run on, and even how we drive them. Renewable sources of energy can possibly become our future source of charge. From touch-screen steering wheels, in-car cooking to WiFi-enabled cars, here’s a look at up-and-coming technologies having an impact on the interior of cars that could change the future of driving, and help conserve energy along the way. Imagine how your car could provide you with the luxuries a home offers. Living in your car will be the future of the automotive industry.
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1 ENERGY
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Wind Energy
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Solar Energy
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Kinetic Energy
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Water Energy
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CONTENTS
COMMUNICATION
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Fingerprints Sensor
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Touch Screen Steering
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Holographic Displays Wifi
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Massage Seats
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Smart Seats
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Smart Fabrics
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Inflatable Seatbelts
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2 Digital Dashboards
SEATS
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LIFESTYLE
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PHOTO CREDITS
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In-Car Cooking
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REFERENCES
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In-Car Washing
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COLOPHON
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Car Living
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Inside Out
Introduction
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Introduction
THE FUTURE OF CARS Cars will become reliant on computer and technology, where it seems like things like the engine or transmission are afterthoughts.
TECHNOLOGY
ENERGY
Cars will become more and more about their electronics than about their mechanics, and this shows in upcoming designs as well.
Cars are already beginning to move away from fossil fuels. We have hybrid fuel vehicles and electric cars are improving all the time. Work continues on hydrogen fuel cells. What’s certain is that cars of the future won’t be powered by gasoline. That will mean a great deal less pollution, vital both to combat climate change and stop us grinding to a halt as petroleum supplies run out. There will be a big move toward renewable fuels that don’t pollute and which cost less than we currently pay.
Car design, especially interior design, has become radically different over the past decade or so and will continue to progress. Interior design will become far more focused on technology, incorporating navigation, smartphones and Wifi; each of which will contribute to an advanced lifestyle. When you buy a new car, your car will be able to connect to your smartphone, check your blind spot, warn you of upcoming traffic and make you pancakes in the morning. Cars will soon nail the perfect balance of technology and driver involvement. The car interior is definitely evolving. As our technology grows and as our standards grow, the automobile must grow as well. Simple can be comforting and charming. But this new world of technology can have its own charms as well.
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Energy
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Renewable sources of energy will soon replace car fuel.
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ALTERNATE FORMS OF ENERGY Scientists are racing to perfect greener sources of energy to improve the environment and reduce dependence on oil and other fossil fuels. Some predict a hydropower economy. Others say solar is the way to go. Wilder schemes involve sky-high wind turbines or kinetic energy through our footseps. They all seem viable and completely achievable for the future.
WIND ENERGY currently accounts for only 0.1% of the world’s electricity demands, but that number is expected to increase as wind is one of the cleanest forms of energy and can generate power as long as the wind blows. Scientists hope that taking windmills to the skies will solve these problems, since winds blow much stronger and more consistently at high altitudes.
SOLAR ENERGY requires no additional fuel to run and is pollution free. Sunlight can be captured as usable heat or converted into electricity using solar, or photoelectric, cells or through synchronized mirrors known as heliostats that track the sun’s movement across the sky. Scientists have also developed methods for using solar power to replace a gas-powered engine by heating hydrogen gas in a tank, which expands to drive pistons and power a generator.
Researchers are developing a new technique to convert mechanical energy into electricity. In the future walking around could produce enough KINETIC ENERGY to charge objects. Our very mobility could charge our mobile devices. Generating electricity in your footsteps could soon be a reality, say scientists who have developed a thin generators that harnesses the mechanical energy of one’s steps.
Whether falling, flowing, or otherwise moving in tides or under-ocean currents, water can be harnessed to produce electric power. HYDROPOWER supplies approximately 20 percent of the world’s electricity. Until recently, it was generally believed that water energy is an abundant natural resource that requires no additional fuel and produces no pollution.
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WIND ENERGY
Wind-powered mechanical vehicles primarily use wind turbines installed at a strategic point of the vehicle. The wind power, which is converted into mechanical energy through gears, belts or chains, causes the vehicle to propel forward.
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WIND POWERED CARS
The Formula AE car will use a solar-powered battery to get it moving but will then use the airflow passing over the vehicle to power a turbine.
It will be able to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in less than four seconds and is expected to cost around £100,000 when it hits the market. Four strategically placed air intakes, which will be built discretely into the car’s bodywork, will channel the airflowover the car’s body towards the turbine. There are two intakes on the front of the car and one on each side towards the rear. The turbine itself is hidden within the car body and will be connected to an alternator which will increase the amount of electricity available to the car by 20 to 25 per cent.
This extra energy will be stored in efficient storage devices called ultra-capacitors, which will aid acceleration and prevent the solar-powered battery from being drained so quickly.
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SOLAR ENERGY
Much like solar-powered homes, solar cars harness energy from the sun, converting it into electricity. That electricity then fuels the battery that runs
the car’s motor. Instead of using a battery, some solar cars direct the power straight to an electric motor.
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SOLAR POWERED CARS Instead of using a battery, some solar cars direct the power straight to an electric motor.
Solar cars can accomplish this through photovoltaic cells (PVC). PVCs are the components in solar paneling that convert the sun’s energy to electricity. They’re made up of semiconductors, usually made of silicon, that absorb the light. The sunlight’s energy then frees electrons in the semiconductors, creating a flow of electrons. That flow generates the electricity that powers the battery or the specialized car motor in solar cars.
Achieving speeds of 60 miles per hour solely from the sun has a lot to do with the weight and aerodynamics of the solar racecars. Their design, combined with the efficiency of the motor allows them to zip down the road with the same oomph that powers a hairdryer. While gasoline engine cars direct around 15 percent of the energy from burning fuel to actually moving the car, solar power achieves beyond 90 percent efficiency.
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KINETIC ENERGY
“Some people walk 40,000 steps a day, so there’s a lot of potential in those wasted footsteps.” —Laurence Kemball-Cook
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Energy
TURNING FOOTSTEPS INTO ELECTRICITY The cities of the future will look at ways of tapping energy from all the mechanical energy we expend going about our daily lives.
When looking at the amount of kinetic energy produced in the average metro station at rush hour, or even on the dance floors of nightclubs, harvesting electricity from human activity makes sense. Pavegen, has developed power-generating systems for pavements, football fields and even school corridors. The company’s footfall harvesting technology—a deflecting pad covered with the type of soft ground surface commonly found in playgrounds can produce up to 7 watts of energy with each step. Collecting this energy is enough to power lights and other small devices for minutes at a time from a mere one hundred or so footfalls. The technology is most effective in areas with high traffic, producing an
efficient solution that matches supply with demand. Much like a mini man-hole cover, the recycled rubber paving slabs harvest kinetic energy from the impact of people stepping on them. According to the company, each slab can then deliver tiny bursts of electricity to nearby lights, signs or appliances. They also are able to store energy for up to three days in an on-board battery. Cars that hover over these slabs can absorb the excessive kinetic energy and use it to power its headlights, hazard lights, brake lights, tail lights and interior lights. After a long run or a vigorous round of exercise, you can charge your own car upon standing over the pavement.
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KINETIC POWERED CARS Any one point on a busy street can receive up to 50,000 steps a day. This foot traffic can be turned into kinetic energy.
A new product designed by Laurence Kemball-Cook, the director of Pavegen Systems Ltd., does just that. With a minuscule flex of 5mm, the energy generating pavement is able to absorb the kinetic energy produced by every footstep, creating 2.1 watts of electricity per hour. Every time a rubber Pavegen stone is stepped on it bends, producing kinetic energy that is either stored within lithium polymer batteries or distributed to nearby lights, information displays, and much more. Applications are not limited to the street. Extended into other public and private
spaces the system has the potential to power lights, computers, automatic doors, ticket machines, refrigerators, shop signs, microwaves. Cars that hover over these pavemets may use the new concept as docking stations. They will be able to get charged within seconds by absorbing enough kinetic energy to help them function. Car lights will shine the brightest and keep the car running for hours.
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WATER ENERGY
Water makes the perfect fuel source. It’s comprised of two hydrogen atoms and one atom of oxygen. When the water molecule is separated into its two component atoms and oxidized as fuel, the result is equivalent to an energy output that is two and one half times more powerful than gasoline.
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WATER POWERED CARS Automobiles will soon derive its energy directly from water, and water alone.
It is not hard to see why it’s not available to the masses. An engine powered by water would wipe out a large chunk of the fossil fuel industry and change the way these companies do business all together. The oil and gas corporations combine to bring in trillions of dollars every year. Inventions like these are a direct threat to the industry. It doesn’t matter if it’s tap, bottled, or lake water, any type of water can make this car run. An energy generator splits the water molecules to produce hydrogen and this is used to power the car. They use a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) to split the Hydrogen from the Oxygen through a chemical reaction. The cell needs only water and air, eliminating the need for a hydrogen reformer and high pressure hydrogen tank.
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OUR PAST
OUR FUTURE
Burning fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil have dramatically increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere and temperatures are rising. As the world’s need for energy will grow, the dependency on non-renewable energy sources must decline.
Clean energy needs to be the main source of energy in the future. If policies that are currently under consideration take effect, we can begin to increase the supply of clean energy by 2030.
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WORLD ENERGY SUPPLY
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SOLAR
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WATER
WIND
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KINETIC
SOURCES OF ENERGY
Energy
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Communication
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Communication
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The car industry is entering into a new phase driven by modern communication technology.
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Communication
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FINGERPRINT SENSOR SECURITY Every individual in this world has a unique finger impression and no two finger impressions are alike thus giving everyone a unique identity.
Biometrics is an advanced technology used for securing devices or applications. The fingerprint security system recognizes this individual identification characteristic. By contacting the feeler with the finger surface, this is recorded, for example, by a capacitive sensor field consisting of 65,000 sensor electrodes. The information obtained is used to create a digitized grey scale image of the fingerprint. In a fraction of a second, a decision is made on whether the quality of the image is adequate, or whether a further impression is required. Following this, an algorithm for feature filtering and recognition searches for between one and two dozen characteristic features, so-called minutiae. These line ends, branches, whirls and loops are memorized as vectors with their position and direction, and prohibit reconstruction of the original fingerprint for purposes of manipulation.
Next, in a few milliseconds, the characterizing data are compared with information stored in a fingerprint database. If the comparison is successful,the vehicle systems can be released for use, in the same way as if a PIN or password had been entered. The fingerprint security system enables secure & person-related activation of vehicle functions without the need for additional operations in the car. Unlock your car doors, start the ignition, apply brakes and operate your car functions at your fingertips!
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“If you have gestures on the steering wheel, you spend more time looking at the street” —Albrecht Schmidt
TOUCH SCREEN STEERING WHEEL
Distance driving can be mind-numbingly boring, but looking away from the road to text or change songs is a life-ordeath gamble. Plus, buttons embedded in the wheel only control a fraction of a car’s functionality. Now German researchers have a wheel prototype that puts everything within reach—no glancing needed. Their prototype is made from 11-millimeter-thick clear acrylic ringed in infrared LEDs. An infrared camera attached to the bottom picks up the reflections made when the surface is touched. A driver can control a radio or navigate a map with simple movements along the surface. Those gestures can be made with the thumbs while still gripping the wheel and looking at the road.
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“Even your future car will sport customization beyond your wildest dreams.”
Communication
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“It’s like the entire windshield is working as a display device,”
—Richard Darell
—Jun Osugi of Pioneer’s OEM car electronics division.
DIGITAL DISPLAY DASHBOARDS
HOLOGRAPHIC DISPLAYS As digital natives, today’s toddlers can often be seen trying to swipe or pinch-to-zoom static content on an average television screen. Building off of these toddlers’ adorable inclinations, it has become critical to build touch-enabled displays into cars’ control systems. The benefits of switching to touch-enabled dashboards are obvious: the same screen contains climate controls, entertainment options and many other things, thanks to a multilayer menu. Additionally, revamping the interface, in this case, requires just a few firmware updates as opposed to any costly mechanical undertakings. By 2020, your dashboard will likely resemble a giant iPad. Ideally, that means your car’s system can be linked to whatever cloud service your smartphones and tablets use, allowing you to keep up with texts, calls, emails, social network updates, and apps from behind the wheel using voice commands.
It will be similar to Microsoft Kinect and Nintendo Wii. While games are the goal, the resulting holographic technology could also be used to display dashboard and control info, as well as GPS and to browse. Such a display would offer the ability to display your speed or distance between other vehicles in real time, superimposing it over the actual road view depicted in the mirror. It will help improve driving safety by overlaying relevant information on top of the actual road view, keeping drivers’ eyes where they need to be. The projectors use liquid crystal on silicon to modulate beams of red, green, and blue laser light to create an image—thus using principles of holography (projected image via light interference) without actually creating a hologram.
An in-car entertainment system that will combine holographic displays with motion sensors to create applications for folks in the backseat will soon be developed.
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Communication
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Communication
WIFI ON THE MOVE
In five years, nearly 25 percent of cars will be connected to the Internet, according to iSuppli telematics analyst Richard Robinson.
In the very near future, your dashboard may soon become as versatile as your laptop. The next iteration of Sync will grow into an integrated media hub while in-car Wi-Fi will let drivers take the Internet along with them. In the future, cars may not only entertain us but could improve driver awareness and reduce distractions, and the advent of electric vehicles will forever change how automobiles connect with infrastructure. Currently, in-car technology is hardwarebased, with upgrades requiring new physical installation. It’s pretty simple: To play satellite radio or use navigation, upgrades will merely require new software. Just as different apps change an iPhone from a music player to a phone
to a restaurant guide, the apps will alter the entertainment system, instrument cluster, voice commands, and steering-wheel switches depending on which software application a driver chooses to run. In the future, most new cars will become rolling Wi-Fi hot spots, either sharing an Internet connection with a “smartphone” (called “tethering”) or with a separate, dedicated data plan. Since a mouse and a keyboard would be difficult to use at highway speeds, the most advanced setups will take advantage of its voice-recognition software to toggle between apps.
If kids want to watch videos streamed from the Internet in the back seat or a passenger wants to search for the best lunch nearby, it’s possible anywhere, anytime.
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Advanced seats will help to control operations in a car.
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Seats
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MASSAGE & WARNING SEATS Soon attention-grabbing seats that offer a massage or deliver a warning vibration on the driver’s left or right side when the vehicle veers strays in its lane, will benefit car drivers.
The seats will vibrate as a warning when drivers stray from their traffic lanes and instead of a beep that might alarm passengers, the vibration offers greater discretion All the massaging seats will use similar systems, in which a series of small air bladders arranged in the backrest alternately inflate and deflate to provide a kneading sensation. It will also improve circulation and prevent fatigue. Eventually the massage seats will be able to detect whether drivers are under stress or too warm or sleepy and automatically adjust for a smooth and safe drive.
Seats
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SMART SEATS
“We’re able to make the seat become a smart device” —Dana Lowell
Car seats will be connected to your smartphone, which will use apps to customize the seat to perfectly suit your body and allows you to download the latest upgrades. It will be a 12-way adjustable seat with nearly infinite configurability. Being bluetooth equipped, it connects with your smartphone so you can control everything through an app. It tackles the issue of getting a proper driving position and comfortable pressure settings. It starts with an app that asks for basic measurement information like height, weight and gender. Then you snap a few photos of yourself to provide specific posture data. Once you’ve done that, you swing your smartphone up and down with your arm extended and the accelerometer detects the length of your reach. Once everything is calculated, the phone transfers the data to the seat, which creates the perfect seating position for you. The fact it’s all Bluetooth-enabled means the seat adjusts itself to your customized setting as you approach the car. The app also includes a “therapy” function that targets everything from lower back pain to numbness and leg discomfort, and then provides a coaching session on how to adjust the seat to eliminate issues. And with the Bluetooth controls, you never have to touch the seat switches.
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SMART FABRICS Soon fabrics with the ability to respond to touch commands will be developed.
NewScientist, via World Car Fans, quotes researcher Maksim Skorobogatiy as saying, “we are trying to reproduce the smartphone experience in textile form.” Such fabric could ultimately replace both push-button and dial controls, making interiors more aesthetically pleasing and controls more intuitive. A polymer-based fiber is woven into the fabric, and it carries an electrical charge. Finger touches change the capacitance of that charge, which can then send a signal to turn a system on or off, or even adjust a setting. If you want to raise the temperature in the
cabin, an upward swipe on a fabric panel may do the trick. Changing the radio station preset on future cars may be as simple as a horizontal finger swipe. Buttons, switches and dials can also become burdensome—and a safety hazard—for drivers who need to make adjustments while they’re on the move. The ability to swipe your finger across the car seat to tailor the settings of your radio, heater or air conditioner, or anything else, might help drivers keep their eyes on the road.
The fibers are made by rolling conducting and insulating polymer films around a copper wire, which are then heated to about 200 degrees C (about 400 degrees F) and stretched out until soft and elastic. The resulting fibers not only have electrical properties that change depending on where they are touched, but they can be woven into fabrics. Best yet, these fabrics can be easily cleaned without harming their function, something most previous smart fiber designs failed to accomplish.
It looks like luxury cars may become the first major application of the technology. In March, BMW rolled out a concept car with a touch-sensitive surface that allows the driver to control the heating and music systems via gestures. Smart fabrics will help accomplish greater, more complex tasks by the swipe of your finger.
“In essence we are trying to reproduce the smartphone in textile form.” —Maksim Skorobogatiy
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Seats
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INFLATABLE & SELF-STRAPPING SEATBELTS Cars equipped with the system will have an airbag embedded between the fabric layers of the seat belt. In a crash, a gas generator will inflate the bag within the belt, causing the belt itself to inflate. The belts use gas instead of the pyrotechnics in normal airbags to keep passengers from getting burned. This is why BeltBag is being called an “inflatable seat belt,� not an
airbag. Inflation will increase the surface area of the seat belt, which should distribute the force of an impact more evenly and decrease the chance of injuries from a body pulling against the belt. The risk of getting injured in accidents are tremendoulsy reduced and protection is greatly enhanced.
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Safety First 56.4%
23.2x
Everyday Problem...
Technological Solution...
of total traffic collision deaths involve passengers or drivers who AREN'T WEARING SEAT BELTS
Automatic inflatalbe seatbelts make it mandatory to wear seatbelts and provide extra protection through the drive
Seats
ROAD CRASHES are the single greatest annual cause of death
2.8x 1.3x
Everyday Problem...
Technological Solution...
DIALING A CELL PHONE increases the risk of a car accident or near car accident
Touch sensitive steering wheels and voice recogniton functions will help in safe driving andthe ability to answer your phone while on the move
TALKING ON A CELL PHONE increases the risk of a car accident or near car accident
4% TEXT MESSAGING increases the risk of a car accident or near car accident
The convenient use of voice commands to speak out text messages should reduce the risk of accidents and give the driver more time to pay attention to the road and send messages across
–approximately eleven million drivers admit they have had an accident or near accident because they DOZED OFF or were too tired to drive
Warning seats will alert the driver by sending low-intensity vibrations along the spine if lanes are being changed abruptly or wonky steering control is sensed
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Lifestyle
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Thanks to technology, you may experience a comfortable lifestyle on the move.
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Lifestyle
IN-CAR WASHING A washing machine that washes, rinses and dries clothes when powered by the rolling of car wheels.
COOKING ON THE MOVE A solar cooker can do almost anything a stove or an oven can do, only it uses a natural non-polluting, free, abundant energy source.
Using stoves and ovens, we can cook foods like meat, vegetables, beans, rice, bread and fruit in just about any way. We can bake, stew, steam, fry and braise. Using a solar cooker, we can do the same things, but by using sunlight instead of gas or electricity. The sunlight-to-heat conversion occurs when photons (particles of light) moving around within light waves interact with molecules moving around in a substance. The electromagnetic rays emitted by the sun have a lot of energy in them. When they strike matter, whether solid or liquid, all of this energy causes the molecules in that matter
to vibrate. This activity generates heat. The body of your car is plated with solar panels which will help absorb and retain this heat. With absolutely no usage of electricity, there is no risk of electric shocks or danger of any sort. With enough exposure to sunlight during the day, you may cook on the go at night time too.
The new washing machine fixed to the bottom of car seats is essentially meant for those who are used to the luxury of washing machines but somehow find themselves placed in areas with limited or no electricity. Doing your laundry becomes convenient during long drives using the energy provided by the turning of your car wheels and cleansing with water at intervals. The dryer also gets activated during this process. It works efficiently for small and frequent loads using small amounts of laudry detergent just as you would use at home.
After loading your clothes, closing the machine cover allows the passenger to normally sit on the car seat whilst the washing takes place.
“Have laundry appliances, will travel” —Carol Achterof
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Your car provides you with security, transport, warmth, electricity and more. You can store your belongings in your car. You can sleep in your car. Your car protects you from weather to a degree. You can thrive when living in cars.
The evolution of technology rarely measures up to our expectations. Yet our cars and trucks are still decidedly earthbound. Our phones and computers are smart—but still entirely reliant on our input. Futuristic flying automobiles and selfaware computers may still be a few years away, but that doesn’t mean there haven’t been some equally amazing advances in technology. One such idea? Turning your car into a road traveling luxury lounge—a living room on four wheels. The car is outgrowing its traditional transport role and will soon become a mobile living area. concept car is equipped with the ability to be a driverless vehicle. Self-driving cars
CAR LIVING have a variety of benefits. They could save lives by reducing the number of auto fatalities. They could also save us money by reducing the number of fender benders. And they would save fuel by using optimal driving strategies. They’d also prevent us from getting hopelessly lost. Not having to drive frees up time we can use to be more productive. Instead of being stuck in a rush-hour commute twice daily, we could read a book, learn a language, or carve out some much-needed time to finish work on a deadline. If passengers tire of relaxing in their ultra-modern mobile living rooms, there’s also an option to let human drivers back behind the wheel.
From the time you open your car door till the second your fast asleep, new concept cars will ease your daily lifestyle and help you live comfortably on the move. Future cars will be equipped with facilities similar to those found at home and prove that cars equals home.
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Photo Credits
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PHOTO CREDITS
REFERENCES
Cover:
Introduction: ecomagination.com
motortrend.com
Introduction: drivenmavens.com
Chapter 2
Chapter 1
bmwblog.com
carsdirect.com
Chapter 1
Chapter 3
livescience.com
caranddriver.com
notbland.com motorauthority.com
fingerchip.pagesperso-orange.fr
eurocarnews.com
kitves.com
wired.com
oto-1.com
upgrademag.com
telegraph.co.uk
wsj.com
galleryhip.com
futurecrimes.com
auto.howstuffworks.com
forbes.com
hochschule-bochum.de
cnn.com
digitaltrends.com
coroflot.com
newsroom.ecocustomhomes.com
drowsydriving.org
collective-evolution.com
asirt.org
ecosalon.com
edgarsnyder.com
onlineschools.com
http://efuturetech.blogspot.com
Chapter 3
imgarcade.com inspirationfeeed.files.wordpress.com connect.xcelenergy.com assets.inhabitat.com greenoptimistic.com http://i.ytimg.com
motortrend.com caranddriver.com http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com 2.bp.blogspot.com
Chapter 2
Chapter 4
http://juliechin.bobhurley.com
ambwallpapers.com
Chapter 4 sfist.com stupiddope.com
automobile-security.com
science.howstuffworks.com
nbcnews.com
blog.kaspersky.com
thedailyreporter
matadornetwork.com
http://carliving.info
caranddriver.com
psipunk.com
References
Inside Out
COLOPHON Shruti Sabu Ganesan Project 3: Future Book GR.601 Type Systems
David Hake Typefaces: Kepler Verlag Paper:
Epson Premium Presentation Matte
Printer: Imagink Spring 2015 Academy of Art University