Foundation Studio by swetadelwadia

INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATION STUDIO Objective:

Scope: Exploring different urban components/dynamics relevant to planning by understanding the area of the city.

• To understand planning principles which lays for planning as a ‘Public Function’. • To make understand city components and importance of planning as a function that balances the needs of people, conflicting interests, and efficient public systems, with the broad goals of enhanced liveability, sustainability and social equity. • Through understanding the evolution of the city levels in elements of planning through different aspects on spatial city network and its implementation with help of governance

• Concentric Zone Model – Structure of the city • Multiple Nuclei Model – Structure of the city • Alonso’s Theory – Land Values

Background Studies

Understanding Urban Components of the city

Literature Studies

• Development Pattern of the city through Evolution • Demographics • Environmental Features • Administration • Governance • Economic Profile

Block Selection

• Street Network • Landuse and Zoning • Infrastructure Primary Survey (Perception, Built-use, Activities)

Block Comparison

Secondary Data Collection (Ward Boundary, TPS Boundary)

•

Perceiving character of Blocks through site visits

•

Understanding different activities inside the block and external connectivity of the blocks

•

Understanding issues and problems of different urban component at local scale

PLANNING THEORY & URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE ALONSO’S THEORY OF BID RENT William Alonso 1933 -1999 Born

January 29, 1933 Buenos Aires, Argentina

Died

February 11, 1999 (aged 66) Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Nationality

Argentine American

Field

Urban Economics

Alma Mater

Harvard University University of Pennsylvania

Contribution

Alonso Model

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICE IN AHMEDABAD ULB “Infrastructure is needed for better functioning of the city and provide a better quality of life to its people.”

Under Section 63 and 66 of Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act, Obligatory Services:• • • • •

Water supply Services Sewage Services Drainage services Solid Waste Management Fire services

Hence, AMC has formed different departments to look after fulfilling this obligatory services

• Also known as Location Theory • A geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the Central Business District (CBD) increases • As per the theory as distance from CBD increases land price and rent decreases, because all the land users will compete to get the land near to the CBD • As per Demand Supply law of Economics as demand rises and supply is limited prices will inflate • Either you pay for land by living near the CBD or you pay for transport by living at some distance from the CBD SEWERAGE SERVICES

Headed by Drainage Project Department – Responsible for Construction, Operation and Maintenance of water distribution stations & bore wells Takes care of– (1) Sewage Drainage, Treatment and Disposal (2) Storm Water Drainage

WATER SUPPLY SERVICES Headed by Water Operation Department – Responsible for Construction , Operation and Maintenance of water distribution stations & bore wells

 Responsibilities of Department: Setting up and maintaining new Sewerage Treatment Plants and Sewage Pumping Stations • Setting up Storm water Pumping Stations • Laying networks for Sewage and storm water drainage in existing as well as newly merged area. • Cleaning of main storm water and drainage trunk lines with the help of advance machineries and the work of old sewage main line rehabilitation • To prepare a contractor bill as per the work execution after certification from Third Party Inspection Agency, where ever applicable. • To prepare Daily/Weekly/Monthly work progress report. • To execute the project work as per the tender terms and condition under constant supervision of drainage project staff. Consumption of Water at Water Distribution Station HH level •

Two Sub Departments – (1) Electrical and Mechanical

(2) Water Project and Water Production  Objectives of Department: • Augmentation in the infrastructure like Sources of raw water • Construction of New water distribution stations and Pipelines • Provide Wholesome, Adequate, Regular Daily Water Supply To All Citizens. • To Stop The Use Of Ground Water Source Completely By Coming Years for supply Of Safe Drinking Water (As Per Drinking Water Standards) to citizens • 100% area & population coverage by surface water supply Source of Raw Water

Treatment of Raw Water

EXISTING SITUATION

Narmada Canal = 895 MLD Dholka Branch Canal = 275 MLD Shedhi Branch Canal = 200 MLD Frenchwells = 170 MLD Borewells = 300 MLD Total = 1840 MLD

Kotarpur WTP = 650 MLD Jaspur WTP =275 MLD Raska WTP = 200 MLD Dudheshwar WTP = 70 MLD Total = 1200 MLD

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation operates and maintains 9 Sewage Treatment Plants, 45 Sewage Pumping Stations and approximately 2500 kms. long Sewage Network throughout the city area.

Total 155 underground tanks, Capacity = 995 MLD

FUTURE DIRECTION • • • • •

Augmentation of Water treatment plant is as under  Expansion of Jaspur WTP and Kotarpur WTP Storage of water  Construction of Barrage at down stream of Kotarpur WTP on Sabarmati River Transfer from intermittent water supply to continues water supply (24 x 7 water supply) Water meter policy  Equal and Fair distribution to all users Implementation of SCADA  To avoid such human error and for effective & economical monitoring of water supply from single point

Nearly 99 % Supply to the user group

INITIATIVE TAKEN BY THE DEPARTMENT

Tertiary Treatment • All the 9 existing STPs (Sewerage treatment plant) are up to Secondary treatment. Tertiary treated water can be recycled and reuse in Industries, Plantation and Lakes/River. • 60 MLD TTP for Narol Industries is under process at the cost of INR 80.15 Crores.

Compiled By: Sweta Delwadia

INITIATIVE TAKEN BY THE DEPARTMENT • Selling of S.T.P Sludge as manure at INR 285 per cubic mtr. • Selling of Gas at INR 9.18 per cubic mtr. from bottling plant.

Source: Ahmedabad City Statistics Portal, AMC

UNDERSTANDING OF CITY AND ITS URBAN COMPONENTS 1. “Cities do not happen overnight, they evolve over a period of time” Post 1920: Establishment of VS Hospital, Gujarat Vidhya pith and other social infrastructure for health & Education

2017: Heritage City

1990: An Industrial base for sectors such as chemicals, textiles, drugs and pharmaceuticals and food processing industries

Post 1960: Formation of Gujarat, Expansion of Municipal Corporation area towards UAs and villages on the periphery, Formation of Educational Institutes

6063047

4663533

47.57

1888: Establishment of Calico Mills & other Textile Mills

29.37

27.20

20.89

16.40

13.65

34.60

31.60

21.42

2570490

14.25

2000: 29.86 Denim City

3271085

11.61

6.32

1758270 1149918 837163

591267 125706

134187

155405

185889

216777

274007

1871

1881

1891

1901

1911

1921

310000 1931

1941

1961

1971

1931-1950

1901-1930

1411-1911

1951

1981

1991

2001

2011

1951-1960

Governanc Transport TPS

• • •

Ruled by Mughals, Marathas, Britishers

1858: Regular Municipal Administration introduced 1915: TPS were introduced

1950: Establishment of Municipal Corporation

Expansion of Municipal Corporation area towards UAs and villages on the periphery

1870:Opening of Ellis Bridge 1872: Opening of first urban road - Gandhi Road Construction of Relief Road

1962: Opening of Nehru Bridge

1939: Opening of Sardar Bridge 1947: AMTS service through all over city

Connectivity to eastern areas were strengthen

Not Introduced

1915: TPS introduced and Jamalpur TPS was prepared

1915-1954: 13 TPS of area 27.03 sq. km.

City started sprawling

AMC DP 1965 Green Belt Multiple Road Widening Projects Under BTPA 1954 1915

First TP Act

1949 BPMC Act

1950 AMC Formation

AUDA DP 1987 Framework for new development beyond the city Zoning was rationalised Under GTPUDA 1976

• • • 1965

33 TPSs implemented & arrival of Development Plan by AMC

• • • •

AUDA DP 2002 New development beyond the city Identification of Growth Centres Heritage Regulations introduced Under GTPUDA 1976

• • •

AUDA DP 2014 Redevelopment within the city limits Transit Oriented Zone Under GTPUDA 1976

1976

1978

1987

2002

2012

2014

2015

2017

ULC&R Act GTPUDA Act

Formation of AUDA

1st Development Plan by AUDA

DP revised by AUDA

Second DP (AMC+AUDA)

AUDA DP 2014

Local Area Plan

Ahmedabad: Heritage City

UNDERSTANDING OF CITY AND ITS URBAN COMPONENTS 2.“Cities do not work in ISOLATION” REGIONAL & URBAN NETWORK OF AHMEDABAD Street Network

Radial Form

Ring Form

Ring -Radial Form 

REGIONAL NETWORK To carry through traffic

 

    

TYPOLOGY  Express Ways  National Highways  State Highways Major District Roads  Other District Roads 

URBAN NETWORK To provide local property access to collect local traffic Arterial Streets Sub – Arterial Streets Collector Streets Distributor Streets Local Streets

LEVEL OF URBAN STREET NETWORK AHMEDABAD Spatial level of planning

Levels of street network

Spatial level of planning

Level 1 Connectivity: City level Trunk Infrastructure Riverfront (Recreational), GIDC (Industrial) Average Block Size: 2-2.5 sq.km. promotes Mobility

Level 4 Connectivity: Retail Shops, Community Plazas, Accessibility: Internal Streets Promotes walking

Level 2 Connectivity: Major Activity Nodes like Vastrapur (Recreational), Kalupur (Commercial) Average Block Size: 1-1.5 sq.km. promotes Mobility

Level 3 Connectivity: Major neighborhood markets and AUDA gardens Average Block Size: 300-400 sq.m. provides Mobility & Accessibility both

FUNCTION OF URBAN STREET NETWORK Category

Arterial (Level 1)

Name

132 Ft. Ring Road

Sub Arterial (Level 2)

120 Ft. Ring Road

Collector (Level 3)

H.L.Col lege Road

Local (Level 4)

Dada Saheb Resed ential

ROW

30 M

12 M

Acc. To Acc. To Actual Guideline Guideline Speed (Design (ROW) Speed)

50-60 M.

30-40 M.

20-30 M.

10-20 M

45 kph

30 kph

20 kph

Levels of street network, parks, markets (Schematic)

Functions

Remarks

Consisting of major rings and radials, designed for mass transit, high speed and heavy traffic flow or even regional traffic at times.

CBD as a market serving 50 lakh population District level multi purpose space serving 10 lakh

60 kph

Sub-arterial roads connect arterial roads and lead to formation of ‘blocks’, classified as sub-arterial roads of level 2 hierarchy.

Wholesale Markets serving population 10 Lakh City Parks for entire town at one or more sites, depends upon design and space availability

50 kph

All roads that provide connection between blocks/ neighborhoods are classified as level 3 collector roads.

Community centers serving 1 Lakh Neighborhood Parks serving 10000

30 kph

Level 4 local streets are internal roads within neighborhoods. They are the last link to residential destinations and join level 3 collector roads only.

80 kph

Local shopping serving 15000 population Housing area Park for 5000 population

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Storm Water

Sewerage Network

Water Supply

Coverage of Storm Water System

 

  

Issues:In spite of chlorination done at the water treatment plants, there is need for purifying the water at household level. The overall water quality is hard with iron and magnesium contents

Road Width

Sewer Pipe Diameter

Storm Water Pipe Diameter

36 m

1.8 m

24 m

1.6 m

18 m

1.2 m

12 m

0.9 m

0.6 m

0.7 m

0.45 m

0.5 m

0.3 m

 • • •

249 sq km area within AMC is served by the storm water network. all the main roads have underground 2m ducts with a height of 3 to 4 m laid on both the sides along with smaller lines connected to them.

Issues:Water Logging Encroachments along Side Drains Storm Water Adulteration

BLOCK COMPARISON Category

Vadaj

Thaltej

Ghatlodia

Sabarmati

Bhadaj

350 x 750 m

100x 150 m

Vasantnagar

Isanpur

KEY MAP: Block Builtuse (Average Block size) 100 x 200 m

100 x 350 m

250 x 500 m

200x 250 m

200x 150 m

ROADS • Functions • Public Transport Open Vs. Built

6.00% 10.00% 84.00%

DP : Zoning

R1 Zone |TOZ |SPD

Average FSI -Permissible -Utilized

R1:2.7 3.44

TOZ:4

Gamtal ExtensionTOZ GAMTAL: 2

TOZ:4

1.6

R1 Zone | TOZ

R1:2.7 2.25

R1 |TOZ| Industrial TOZ:4

R1:2.7 2.5

TOZ:4

R2|R3

Gamtal Extension | Agriculture Agri Gamtal E: 2.0 2.31

Gamtal E: 2.0

R1|TOZ

R3: 0.3

0.5

R1, C. & Log:2.7

1.5

Built-up Vs. Plot Ratio

Building Photos

Land Prices

35,000 T0 70,000 (30%)

50,000 To 1.5 lakh (10%)

35,000 TO 50,000 (30%)

30,000 To 80,000 (45%)

20,000 To 30,000 (10%)

20,000 To 30,000 (30%)

1800 To 5000 ( 45%)

70%

100%

85%

80%

70%

50%

60%

Identity -Strength -Weakness

Building redevelopment, Low Line Area

Development Potential, Gamtal

Area within proximity, less of PT

New Hotspot development, Far from city

City within city, No TP Scheme

GHB housing, No connectivity to amenities

-Heritage, Unhygienic environment

Identity -Opportunity -Threat

TOZ, Slums

Metro, Illegal development

Green Belt Land, Slums

Logistics Zone, Slums

Industries, Private Township

Institution, No Maintenance

TOZ & logistic zone Unregulated development

(Per Sq. m.) (Decrease on inner road

Physical (Relative) Infrastructure Water

Sewer

Storm

SWM

Social Infrastructure

(Proximity)

THE DP & TPS MECHANISM DP (Macro level planning tool)

Residential Zone 3 FSI-0.3

Agricultural Zone 1

TP (Micro level planning & Management tool)

Agricultural Zone 2

Managing Urban Expansion at the periphery of city

Road Network: Arterial, Sub Arterial – Mainly which shapes city & provides mobility and connectivity and supports trunk infrastructure Zoning: Defines built density through FSI and regulates the land use

Town Planning Schemes:Hierarchies of Amenities, Markets & Roads • DP & TP mechanisms are the one which follows hierarchies of amenities, roads and market places

General purpose techno-legal mechanism for land appropriation & land development

Commercial & Logistics Zone FSI-1.8

Residential Affordable Zone FSI-1.8

CBD FSI-1.8

Road Network: Collector to local – Mainly for accessibility & Block size Zoning: Defines the amenity distribution & reservation of land for public purpose

Residential Zone 1 FSI-1.8

Transit Oriented Zone FSI-As per base zone

General Industrial Zone FSI-1

Residential Zone 2 FSI-1.2

Gamtal FSI-2 Gamtal Extension-1.2

DP regulates density and the land use by using FSI and development control regulations

OUTCOME

Compiled By: Sweta Delwadia l Zinkal Mistry

BLOCK LEVEL STUDY : BHADAJ Evolution

2000

2005

2010

2017

• Close Proximity to S.P.Ring Road & Santej Industrial Area • Highly Influenced by Industrial Growth around the village

• • • •

250

Population (2011)– 6783 Area (Developed) – 1 Ha Ward Name - Gota Population involved in Secondary & Tertiary Activities

500

750

1 KM

• Statutory Town • Served by – AMC since 2008 • No TPS

• Most of the area is covered by Agricultural Fields • No Open space is available for social use • No community green space for social use available

ROAD ANALYSIS: BHADAJ Noon: 1:30 PM

Morning: 9:00 AM

Science City Circle Peak Time: 8:00-8:30 PM Designed Junction

Night: 9:00 PM

AMTS

Hierarchical conflicts Hierarchical conflicts (Causing Congestions)

1 INFRASTRUCTURE Physical & Social Infrastructure

Housing Type and Condition

Supplied By AMC, For: 2 hour/day, Source – Jaspur WTP, No Borewell Serviced by AMC Newly Laid Sewerage Network No Storm Water Lines has been laid yet

Mixed: Residential+ Commercial

Gamtal

Bungalows

Dilapidated & Semi Dilapidated

SWM facility provided by Poor Solid Waste Management No Govt. Primary Health Centres Privately Opened Clinics Govt. Primary Schools available Nearest centre for high school is Built by village community Green Spaces are limited but typical character of village ‘Choro” remains.

Good Condition

Housing Type

Age

Gamtal

40 Years

Apartments

10-12 Years

Bungalows

8-10 Years

Compiled By: Sweta Delwadia

Managing Peripheral Urban Growth- Through TP Scheme EXISTING LANDUSE AND OWNERSHIP

INTRODUCTION •

No. of Lakes: 3

•

Built- up: 1 Township

•

Nearby Settlements:

SOURCE 7-12 FORM

Ognaj Village

Sentossa Greenland

Bhadaj , Rakanpur & Ognaj

Total Area Existing Roads Lakes Other

Area (Sq. km) 3.087 0.046 0.039 3.159

Rakanpur Village

Percentage 100 1.52 1.27 97.21

Bhadaj Village

Landuse

Ownership

2.08% 5.62% 1.51%

35.04%

5.10% 2.08%

55.76%

92.82%

Reconstitution Process

Agriculture Industrial Residential

Barren Lake

Government Private

Revenue Plot to OP: 51

Total No. of Revenue Plots: 458 Revenue Plots to OP: 52 Total OP: 406 STEP - 1

STEP - 2

Estimated Population: 1.5 Lakhs STEP - 3

STEP - 4

Base Value: 475 per sq. m (Jantri) Total infrastructure cost distributed: 50:50 Per capital Infrastructure cost: 1200 Rs per sq.m. STEP - 5

STEP - 6

F-Form

Lake

TOWN PLANNING SCHEME - BHADAJ Infrastructure cost: as per GTPUD Act under costing section SoR

TABULATING INFRASTURCTURE COST Plot deduction: Plot to be buildable SIZE AREA (SQ.M.)

DEDUCTION

Upto 750

751-1500

20%

1501 & above

40%

Component Road Length Road Network Street Lighting Water supply Storm Water Drainage Sewerage Line Total

Parameters Consider as per type considering road length: •

Road – No.of lanes according to width min to 2 lanes

•

Street Light – As per width required lanes on middle or sideby at every 25 m

Total cost includes:

•

Electric sub-station – No need present already

•

Drainage – Road length

•

Strom – Total Area along other lines

1. 2. 3. 4.

•

Water supply- Estimating population individual demand

Green field Cost 25,901 rmt 75.97 Cr. 10.85 Cr. 68.24Cr. 33.66Cr. 34.27 Cr. 222.98 Cr.

Brown field Cost 27,480 rmt 78.01 Cr. 11.06 Cr. 68.24 Cr. 33.66 Cr. 36.83 Cr. 227.8 Cr.

1. Compensation of the 40% confiscated land 2. Infrastructure laid by them

Material required Add for section 77(1) (g) 20% of cost of infrastructure cost for adjoining schemes Add 30% escalation for 3 years AUTHORITY Add 7% mics. Cost

Option 1: With Township (Browfield)

50% of increment rate to be given to the authority 2. Plots for sale generates money for the development of infrastructure

Self Financing Mechanism

Option 2: Without Township (Greenfield)

LAND OWNER Category Study Area Lakes Regional Green Parks Amenity Reserve Roads Sale SEWS Private Plots

Existing % 100 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 99.9

Green Field % 100 1.2 6.5 2.7 4.3 13.2 5.1 4.1 62.9

Brown Field % 100 1.22 2.64 6.35 1.71 12.54 7.43 5.02 63.10

Existing Condition

Revenu OP in FP in e Numbe Survey Numb ers rs No.

Option 1 (With Township)

459

408

435

Option 2 (Without Township)

55945 9

408

438