1. Introduction To The Winter School – 2014 2. Policy And Profile Analysis 3. Governance And Infrastructure 4. Tourism Activities 5. Port Activities 6. Fishing And Fish Processing
1.1
The winter school-2014 focused on studying Veraval – Somnath
1.2
Objective
1.3
Research Methodology
Winter School – 2014
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE WINTER SCHOOL-2014 1.1 The winter school-2014 focussed on studying Veraval – Somnath. Coastal towns due to their inherent locational advantage have always attracted tourists. The twin town of Veraval-Patan located about 400 kms to south-west of Ahmedabad is a significant destination for Hindu pilgrims due to the famous Somnath temple and other temples located in its vicinity. The town of Veraval has also developed as an important location for fisheries. A large number of fish processing factories in G.I.D.C area which export prime quality sea food to USA, Japan, SE Asian countries, Gulf countries and EU countries have come up. Such fish industries have transformed the town and its surroundings. The town also enjoys a long coastline lined with seasonal beaches. So Veraval and Somnath together form an interesting form where conflicting activation go on simultaneously. The Somnath temple trust, Veraval – Patan Joint Municipality, State Government and Central Government are the bodies who intervene this area.
1.2 Objective The objective of the course is to understand how to study a town. The focus is on the various activities that take place in Veraval-Patan like Port, Fisheries and Tourism and the opportunities and challenges that the location generates. The focus is also on how these activities are governed and managed and the impact on local population.
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1.3 Research Methodology The first week of the course started with a detailed introduction to the city of Veraval-Patan through collection of information like location, demography, history, climate and economy from secondary sources. After that in order to study the various prominent activities taking place in Veraval-Patan, the students were divided into five groups of five students each. The five different sectors studied by each group are: 1.
Profile and Policy Analysis
2.
Governance and Infrastructure
3.
Tourism Activities
4.
Port Activities
5.
Fishing and Fish Processing including the G.I.D.C
Each group worked on respected sectors trying to understand how they function and affect the town. Before going for the field work, each group prepared their objectives and identified a structure of questions and observations for the field study. The second week was spent on the field i.e. Veraval-Patan city. Out of the five days of field work, two and half day’s field visit was carried out together by all the 25 students. And individual group carried out their own field work after these two and half days. The first day of field work was a brief introduction to different places of the town. We started from Somnath Temple followed by Somnath Sarovar, fish processing industries in the G.I.D.C area, port area and light house. The trip was planned for understanding the physical environment and the related activities of the town.
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The second day of field visit started from Gita Mandir followed by Triveni Sangam. Then we met the Ex-Director of Veraval Industries Association who briefed us about all the port, tourism and governance activities of the town. After that we had a meeting with the Chief Officer of Veraval-Patan Joint Municipality who shared with us the different facts related to administration of the town. Lastly for that day, we met the Port Officer from whom we came to know more about the port activities. These meetings with various important people of the town helped in getting the primary and actual information of the
Fig 1: Participants at Triveni Sangam.
town.
Fig 2: Participants at a meeting at Shishu Mandir School
Fig 3: Participants a meeting with the Ex-Director of VIA at a meeting
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Winter School – 2014
The third day of field work started with a meeting with the Deputy General Manager of Somnath Trust who shared with us the various tourist data and then a meeting with the Additional Collector of Gir-Somnath district at Collector and District Magistrate Office (Veraval) helped in understanding the structure, functions and power of the governance in the district and town. After the meeting with the Collector, various groups carried out their respective field study for the remaining days of field work and it is described in detail in the respective chapters of the various sectors. The last week after returning from the field was spent in final compilation and representation of data collected in the whole week. A final report and posters per group was the final representation of the study carried out.
Fig 4: Participants in the studio’s group discussion.
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2.1
Profile: Veraval - Patan
2.2
Policy Analysis
2. PROFILE AND POLICY ANALYSIS 2.1 Profile: Veraval-Patan Veraval, a fortified port town built by Rao Veravalji Vadher is the district headquarters of Gir-Somnath district of Gujarat state. Veraval-Patan has a joint municipality which forms the administrative body for the twin towns. It is a fishing port housing fishing, boat building, fish processing and many other economies related to fishing. Veraval is famous for its traditional wooden boat and trawler building. Fish processing industries, chemical industries and cement industries. Veraval is the nearest town to the pilgrim site Somnath, which is known as Aadi Jyotirling. Veraval thus is a cluster of different activities viz tourism, fish processing industries, boat building and fishing activities. The behavior of these activities and administration makes the study more interesting.
2.1.1 Geography and Location Veraval is located at 20.9°N 70.37°E and has an average elevation of zero meters. Veraval-Patan is twin town having joint municipality, situated in Veraval-Patan taluka and is the district headquarters of newly formed Gir-Somnath district of Gujarat state. Veraval-Somnath has approximately 8 km of coastline, of which 1.5 km coastline is under Gujarat Maritime board and Gujarat fisheries. Somnath an important pilgrim site is situated 6 km from Veraval town. Below shown are the maps highlighting Veraval-Patan taluka in Gir-Somnath district of Gujarat state, India.
Profile And Policy Analysis
Fig 1: Map of India
Fig 2: Map of Gujarat highlighting Gir-Somnath district.
Fig 3: Map of Gir-Somnath district highlighting Veraval-Patan taluka
(Source: Google)
(Source: Google)
(Source: Settlement commissionerate and Land Record)
The map of India shows Gujarat state in Fig 5, followed by the location of Gir-Somnath district in Gujarat state in Fig 6 and the position of VeravalPatan taluka in the district in Fig 7. Veraval-Patan taluka map is shown in Fig 8. Veraval town is surrounded by Devika river on the northern side of the town and Hiran, Sarswati and Kapila rivers on the southern part of the town. The eastern side of Veraval is covered with stretch of forest range, Sasan-Gir Fig 4: Map of Veraval-Patan taluka. (Source: Settlement commissionerate and Land Record)
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around 30 kms away from the city and the western side is the coast of Arabian Sea. These rivers, coastline and the forest range form the physical boundaries of Veraval-Patan. Somnath Talav a natural lake, is one
of
landscapes
the
eco-sensitive
houses
migratory
birds. Efforts have been made to clean and restore the lake. The lake has ruins of Ghats which shows the lake was a fresh water source. Presently the intrusion of sea water has made it a salt water lake.
Fig 5: Map showing the location of Port area, GIDC area, Patan gamtal Veraval gamtal and Somnath temple. (Source: Google Earth Image)
The Triveni Sangam where the three rivers Hiran, Kapila and Saraswati meet and enter the sea is a major geographical and tourist spot. These rivers are the major fresh water source for Veraval-Patan which meets drinking water and irrigation demand. The Hiran dam-2 is the major drinking water source for the municipality and Somnath trust.
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2.1.2 Accessibility Veraval-Patan is well connected by road with Junagadh by Junagadh-Somnath highway or NH 8D. Veraval-Patan also has a network of state highways which connects other towns and cities mainly SH 26 which connects to Talala and Sasan-Gir. Western railways connect Veraval-Patan with daily trains running to Ahmedabad, Junagadh, Rajkot and Surat. The nearest airports being Diu and Rajkot which has flights flying daily to Ahmedabad and Mumbai.
2.1.3 Agriculture Availability of fertile lands and fresh water sources has encouraged agricultural practices. Veraval-Patan grows crops like wheat, bajra, Jowar, Sugarcane, cotton and castor. Coconut and Teak plantations add to additional income of farmers
2.1.4 History Veraval city was built by Rao Veravalji Vadher a Rajput. Later on Veraval city was under Nawabi rule who built the fort and Nawabi palace/ summer palace. Veraval port was a major commercial port before the rise of Surat. Veraval was the major port for pilgrims to Mecca.
Influence of Mughal and British The muslims used veraval port mainly for trading till 1298 when they finally settled here. Zafar shah who was a viceroy of delhi sultanate took advantage of the contemporary conditions of delhi and created an independent sultanate in Gujarat. The weakening of Gujarat sultanate and rise British India gave rise to Nawab rule of Junagadh was established in 1748 and ruled Junagarh and Veraval till the integration of Junagarh princely state into India in 1948. Page |8
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The nawab of Junagadh were positioned in Veraval for a short span of time and built a fort and palaces for the royal family. The fort is in bad condition which requires restoration works. The Nawabi palace/summer palace is currently used as SomnathSanskrit University. The Junagadh gate and the Patan gate still looks impressive though needs proper maintenance.
Somnath- The Adi Jyotirling The temple town has a long and chequered History. Even though it is referred to by several other names, names it acquired in the various phases of History, the name Somnath is unrivalled as far as popularity is concerned. And understandably so because this small town would have faded to oblivion but for the presence of the magnificent Somnath Temple from which it receives its best known name. In the Shivapurana and the Nandi Upapurana, Lord Shiva is quoted as saying, 'I am omnipresent, but I am especially in twelve forms and places.' These places are known as jyotirlingas, and Somnath is the first to be found in the world. Around the linga the moon god Soma built a mythical temple of gold as
Fig 6: Photograph of Somnath Temple.
an ode to Lord Shiva's glory and compassion. Like the
(Source: Somnath Trust Website)
waxing and waning moon, and fittingly for a place associated with Lord Shiva's cosmic dance of creative destruction, the Somnath temple has risen unfailingly from repeated acts of devastation. On Kartik Sud 14 in the Hindu calendar, the day of
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Shiva's son Kartikeya's birth, a fair is held for four days at the shrine of Somnath. Millions of devotees converge here for these ebullient celebrations on the shores of the Arabian Sea. According to Puranic legend, Soma, the moon, married 27 sisters, but stubbornly favoured one to the neglect of the others. Their father, Daksha Prajapati, therefore cursed him to have his brilliance consumed by the darkness of night. Stricken with grief, the moon went to holy places, trying to alleviate his pain, but to no avail. At last he came here and worshipped Shiva with great devotion for 4000 years. Shiva took pity on him and bade that he should wane in brilliancy for only 15 days in a month, recovering his lost splendor in the following fortnight. Overcome with gratitude, the moon erected a golden temple to Shiva over the previously existing jyotirlinga. As the moon regained his brilliancy, bhas, at this site, it was named Prabhas, which means "the exceedingly
Fig 7: Photograph of the entrance to the Temple.
brilliant." The temple came to be known as exceptionally auspicious--people suffering from incurable diseases were reported cured after simply touching the linga. In the Mahabharata, Krishna advised the Yadavas that a pilgrimage to Somnath would absolve them of Durvasa's curse. Another legend tells that not far from Somnath is a place where Krishna, reclining under a pipal tree, was shot in the foot by a Bhil huntsman named Jara who had mistaken him for a deer. Limping a long way eastward, Krishna was P a g e | 10
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able to reach the bank of the river Hiranya just above the triveni sangam (meeting place of three rivers), and breathed his last in a small cave. His body was taken to the triveni sangam and cremated there. The site where he was shot is known as Bhalka Tirtha, and the site of his cremation, near a temple to Mahakali, is called Dehotsarg. The first historical temple at Somnath is believed to have been built between 320 and 500 AD. As it grew in importance due to the stories above, pilgrims converged at the temple to offer whatever they could, kings bestowed riches upon it, and the town and temple flourished with great wealth. The temple was destroyed a few times during its first several centuries, but little details are available about the successive destructions and reconstructions. In the 11th century AD, the Sunni Muslim iconoclast Mahmud of Ghazni (998-1030), sacked the temple and returned to Ghazna in eastern Afghanistan with the temple treasures, including the famed silver gate. Then, after a rebuilding, in 1297 AD Allaudin Khilji's commander-inchief Afzal Khan destroyed the structure. Over the next 500 years, the temple was successively reconstructed and ransacked, by Muzzafar Shah I in 1390, by Muhammad Begda in 1490, Muzzafar II in 1530 and Aurangzeb in 1706. In 1783 Maharani Ahalyabai Holkar of Indore built another Somnath temple next to the original site, which was in serious disrepair. After Independence, Sardar Patel visited Somnath, was deeply moved by the poor condition of the original temple site, and resolved to renovate it as soon as possible. In 1951, the new temple was constructed on the original grounds, next to the 18th-century construction of Holkar's. The remains of the old temple are now preserved in a museum for public view. The jyotirlinga was installed by then-President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, in 1950 AD. The overall look reminds one of a Solanki temple in the manner of Modhera, due to the efforts of Sardar Patel, whose statue stands outside.
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2.1.5 Climatology The climate of Veraval-Patan is mainly warm to very hot (Koppen climate classification Bsh) with a record high of 42 degree Celsius in summer and a minimum of 7 degree Celsius in winter. It has a semi-dry-hot type of climate throughout the year with an average humidity level of 74 percent. The place gets rainfall from south west monsoon during the months of July, August and September. The months of July and August receive the most amount of rainfall. The months of October and November receive some rainfall and are the beginning of the tourist season. In 2010, Veraval-Patan faced a major floods where the town was flooded with around 5 feet of water. Veraval is frequent with floods and cyclone very little efforts are made in improving infrastructure has been made. The port and fishing activities depend on the climatic conditions especially the monsoon season, when all the fishing activities are stopped. Eastern breakwaters and Western break waters are constructed mainly to check the water level in the port.
2.1.6 Demography As of the Census 2011(M), Veraval - Patan has total population of 1,54,636 having 78,528 males (50.78%) and 76,108 (49.21%) females. Veraval is having 55.92% literates and 44.07% illiterates. 11.75% of the total population is under six year of age. Veraval is having 4.40% SC and 1.5% ST population. Industrial population of Veraval is 46,625. 98.57% of the industrial population is main worker, 0.624% is cultivator, and 0.8% is agricultural labours. Veraval has a predominant Gujarati population. Amongst Gujaratis, the Kharwas and the Kolis form a sizable part of the local population. In addition there are also significant populations of Turks, Rajwadi bhoi's, Lohanas, Maleks, Memons, Patnis and Raykas. There is also a sizable
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population of Malayalees and Sindhis. Gujarati and Hindi are the most common languages in the town. The main languages that are spoken in this region are Hindi and Gujarati.
2.1.7 Economy Veraval-Patan one of the major fishing port of Gujarat, fishing and industries related to fishing are the major economy. The traditional boat building and repair works, net weaving works are the backbone for fishing activities. Fishing is carried by the local fishermen are also known as Kharwars. Fish processing industries established in the GIDC are the major consumers of the fish catch. These industries process fish and fish products export to different countries. The local population consumes very less quantity of fish catch. Veraval-Patan is also home to Aditya-Birla Nuvo Ltd formerly Indian-Rayon industries Ltd which is one of India’s leading rayon manufacturer. There are various chemical, thread, and cement companies around veraval which provide employment to the local youth. The major ones being Indian Rayon NUVO Ltd, Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd, Gujarat Siddhee cement Ltd and Gujarat Heavy Chemicals Ltd. Tourism industry is also major economy in Veraval-Patan due to presence of Somnath. Hotel industry and many transportation related industries survive on tourists. Some other ancillary industries like automobile industries who produce boat engines and other parts are also established. Apart from processing and manufacturing industries agriculture is also prominent in the district. Availability of fertile land and fresh water encourages agriculture. Mainly wheat, Jowar, Bajra, cotton and sugarcane are the major crops cultivated and also exported.
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2.2 Policy Analysis Objective The objective was to study various policies and its implications on various sectors like Port activity, Fisheries, Tourism and Governance. Our objective was also to learn how these different sectors of Veraval-Patan function and relate with each other.
Research methodology In order to study the various prominent activities taking place in Veraval-Patan, the students were divided into five groups of five students each. The five different sectors studied by each group were Profile and Policies, Governance and Infrastructure, Tourism Activities, Port Activities and Fishing and Fish Processing. We as group studied Policies. The first task we completed was to identify different policies related to the four sectors. There are many different policies and a few identified are: 1.
Gujarat Municipality Act
2.
Gujarat Urban Development and Town Planning Act
3.
Gujarat Tourism Policy
4.
Gujarat Port Policy
5.
Import-Export Policy
6.
Labour Policy
7.
Gujarat Industrial Policy
8.
Marine Fishing Policy
9.
Environment Pollution Control Act
10. Coastal Zone Regulation Notification-1991
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The field work carried out in the second week was related to only four policies Gujarat Port Policy, Labour Policy, Environment Pollution Control Act and Coastal Zone Regulation Notification-1991, because of short time period. The first three days of field visit were carried out together by all the 25 students. The first day of field work was a brief introduction to different places of the town. We started from Somnath temple and visited Somnath Sarovar, G.I.D.C area, port area and light house. The second day of field visit started from Gita Mandir followed by Triveni Sangam. Then we met the ExDirector of Veraval Industries Association who briefed us about all the port, tourism and governance activities of the town. Then we had a meeting with the Chief Officer of Municipality who shared with us the different facts related to administration of the town. Lastly for that day we met the Port Officer from whom we came to know more facts about the port activities. The third day of field work started with a meeting with the Deputy General Manager of Somnath Trust followed by a meeting with the Additional Collector of Gir-Somnath district at Collector and District Magistrate Office. The last two days of field visit were done in groups according to different sectors. For studying the town profile we visited the major places of Veraval-Patan. We started from Devka river followed by different bazaars like vegetable market, Matki Bazaar, Mochi Bazaar, Mirchi Mandi, fish market, Gandhi road, market area, old Jain temple, Jain hospital, Satta Bazaar, Swaminarayan Mandir, Chandramauleshwar Mahadev Mini Bazaar, Telephone Exchange, GEB Office, Rambharosa Chowk, Railway Station, Patan Darwaja, BanGanaga, By-Pass road, Hiran Weir and ended the travel at Patan-Gam. We then visited fish processing factories for studying the implication of labour laws and CETP (Common Effluent Treatment Plant) for implication of Environment Pollution Control Act.
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2.2.1 PORT POLICY The port policy is an integrated approach covering port development, industrial development, power generation and infrastructure development. Gujarat Maritime Board, acts as coordinating Agency in procuring land, water, power, infrastructure facilities like rail and road and any other clearances to be obtained from the Government of Gujarat or Government of India. A High Level Committee headed by the Chief Secretary monitors the implementation of the integrated approach and reports to the Infrastructure Development Board and Cabinet on the progress of the implementation of the policy, periodically. To encourage ship-building, repairing and manufacturing facilities, GMB co-ordinates procuring of land, water, power and infrastructure at Veraval Port. They report to the Infrastructure Development Board and cabinet ETD’s fisheries Terminal Divisions constituted to take care of management and improvement of Veraval. The objectives of the Port Policy are: 1.
To increase Gujarat’s share in the Export and Import sector, in national and international Trade & Commerce, in pursuance of liberalization and globalization policy.
2.
To decongest the overburden on existing major ports on Western India to cater to the needs of increasing traffic of western and northern States, by providing efficient facilities and services and to support the country’s domestic and international trade.
3.
To handle 100 million tons of cargo in Gujarat Maritime waters accounting approximately for 25% of India’s total cargo by 2000 AD.
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Profile And Policy Analysis
4.
It is estimated that 50% of total industrial investment coming to Gujarat will be port-based. To provide port facilities to promote export- oriented industries and port-based industries.
5.
Taking fullest advantage of the strategic location of Gujarat coast, in the World Maritime Scenario in order to encourage ship building, ship repairing and establish manufacturing facilities for Cranes, Dredgers and other Floating Crafts and to provide facilities for coastal shipping of passenger and cargo traffic between Kutch, Saurashtra and South Gujarat and further extension of these services to important places like Bombay, Goa etc.
6.
To fulfil future power requirements of Gujarat by establishing barge mounted power plants and by providing exclusive port facilities for importing different kinds of power fuels.
7.
To attract private sector investment in the existing minor and intermediate ports and in the new port locations.
Gujarat envisages an integrated port development strategy, consisting of creation of port facilities, industrialisation and development of infrastructure facilities like roads and railways in the hinterland. It is estimated that around 3 billion Dollars (Rs.10,000 crores) would be required to create new port facilities along with necessary infrastructure. In view of the fact that ships of large sizes are used in the transportation, for economies of scale in international trade, ports would be developed with direct berthing facilities and speedy mechanical handling facilities, so as to reduce waiting period of the ships and saving in the cargo expenses. It is proposed to have the participation of private enterprise in the development of port infrastructure. Gujarat Maritime Board has made a Master Plan and to co-ordinate the integrated approach and achieve a balanced regional development, it will evolve a master - plan for each of the new port locations. The privatisation of building Jetties/wharf/quay and installing modern equipments on the jetty. With liberalization of Parallel Marketing of Petroleum products by Govt. of India, the demand for port facilities for handling LPG, Kerosene, HSD, other petroleum products and liquid chemicals have increased tremendously. Looking to the specialized facilities and high safety P a g e | 17
Profile And Policy Analysis
standards required for handling these commodities, the existing minor and intermediate ports are not found suitable to handle such cargoes. In the new port policy, specific new port locations have been identified to handle petroleum cargoes. Also identification of new 10 green field sites for development of deep water ports is done. The huge investments in the port sector would demand an equal investments in the infrastructure facilities like roads and railways for faster and efficient handling of the cargo movement and the existing port locations have been identified where broad gauge railway link and good road network exist. The traditional boat building activities at Mandvi and Veraval are planned to be expanded. Gujarat Maritime waterfront would be leased to such manufacturing units a subsidised rates. Other concessions extended by the Government of Gujarat as an industrial unit will also be available for such manufacturing units as per the industrial incentive policy in existence.
On field experience Veraval Port is a fishing port and from a meeting with the port officer we transpired that the capacity of the port is 2 million metric tons. According to the policy, Gujarat Maritime Board should act as a coordinating agency to government of Gujarat. There are many stakeholders who are involved in the functioning of the port such as Gujarat Maritime Board, Gujarat Fisheries Central Cooperative Association Limited (GFCCAL), Custom Department, Indian Coast Guard and Marine Police. The problem at the port is that the GMB is responsible for the development of different infrastructure facilities on the port but it is mainly used by the Fisheries Department and it is not paying for these facilities. So the Port Authority does not want to develop new facilities on port as they are not utilizing it for their own and the Authority utilizing it is not paying for the services. So there is a conflict seen between the Port Authority and Fisheries Department.
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Being an intermediate port there are no large shipping facilities due to which heavy cargo is not exported directly. The highest produced fish cargo for which Veraval is well-known, is not exported directly from the port, it is sent to major ports through roads and rail. There are no jetties constructed after 1984 which again shows the failure of implementation of the port policy. Privatization of services like Lighterage, Dredging, Piloting, Tug towing Service and other essential utility service is not done. The following photos show the ship-building and ship repairing on the port which supports the port policy.
Fig 8: Ship-building on the port area.
Fig 9: Ship repairing on the port.
Fig 10: Loading and unloading of fish and cargo on the port.
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2.2.2 LABOUR POLICY Labour law is the “Body of Laws, Administrative Rulings, & Precedents” which address the Relationship between & among “Employers, Employees & Labour Organizations”, often dealing with issues of Public Law. Goal of Labour Laws is to bring both “Employer & Employee” on the same Level, thereby mitigating the differences between the two ever-warring groups. “Labour Policy in India” has been evolving in response to specific needs of the situation to suit requirements of planned “Economic Development & Social Justice” has two-fold Objectives, viz.; Labour Policies are devised to maintain Economic Development, Social Justice, and Industrial Harmony & Welfare of Labour in the country. Few out of the many important acts of labour law are: i.
The Apprentices Act – 1961 Objectives of the Act In India the “Apprentices Act” came into force in 1961 and was amended by the Act 41 of 1986. The Main Objectives of Apprentices Act, 1961 is “Promotion of New Manpower at skills”. Improvement / Refinement of Old Skills through Theoretical & Practical Training in number of “Trades & Occupation”. Applicability of the Act The “Apprentices Act” applies to all Areas & Industries as notified by Central Government. The Act extends to “Across all over the India”. It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint; and different dates may be appointed for different States. The Act shall also “Not Apply” to any Area or Industry as per the notification by the Govt.
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Guidelines “Apprentice” means a Person who is undergoing “Apprenticeship Training” in pursuance of a Contract of Apprenticeship. “Apprenticeship Training” means a Course of Training in any Industry or Establishment undergone in pursuance of a Contract of Apprenticeship & under prescribed Terms & Conditions which may be different for different categories of Apprentices. Duties of Employer under the Act
Contract with Apprentice: The Apprentice appointed has to execute a Contract of Apprenticeship with the Employer. The Contract has to be registered with Apprenticeship Adviser. If Apprentice is Minor, Agreement should be signed by his Guardian.
Leaves for Apprentice: An Apprentice is entitled to Casual Leave of 12 days, Medical Leave of 15 days & Extraordinary Leave of 10 days in a year.
The “Employer” has to provide Apprentice the Training in his Trade, & ensure that the Person duly Qualified is placed as In-charge. To carry out all Legal Contractual Obligations.
Payment to Apprentice: The Minimum Rates of Stipend prescribed under the Rules as follows. (Revised Rate w.e.f. 23rd Mar 2011).
ii.
The Payment of Wages Act -1936 Objective of the Act The “Payment of Wages Act 1936” regulates payment of wages to Employees (Direct & Indirect). The Act is intended to be a remedy against unauthorized deductions made by the “Employer” or unjustified delay in payment of wages. All Employees are covered under the Act, those are drawing Average wages Rs 10000/- per month. P a g e | 21
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Applicability of the Act The “Payment of Wages Act 1936” is Applicable to All Factories, Industrial Establishment, Tramway Service, or Motor Transport Service engaged in carrying Passengers or Goods both by road for hire or reward: Air Transport Service, Dock, Wharf or Jetty, Inland Vessel, Mechanically propelled, Mines, Quarry or Oil-Field, Plantation, Workshop or other Establishments, etc. Guidelines - Time of Wages Payment
If the Employee strength is less than “1000” in any Organization, then Wages shall be paid before the expiry of the 07th Day of the following month.
If the Employee strength is more than “1000” in any Organization, then Wages shall be paid before the expiry of the 10th Day of the following month.
In case of “Termination” of Employee by the Employer the wages shall be paid before the expiry of the Second working day from the Date of Termination “DOT”.
Guidelines - Deduction from Wages The Maximum Deduction can be 50% of Monthly wages; however, maximum deduction up to 75% is permissible if deduction is partly made for payment to Co-operative Society. Deduction on Account of Absence of Duty, Fines, House Accommodation if provided by Organization, Recovery of Advance, Loans given, Income Tax, PF, ESI contribution, LIC premium, amenities provided, deduction by order of Court etc. is permitted. Guidelines - Deduction of Fines The Maximum deduction as Fines from Wages should not exceed 03% during the same wage period. It should be recovered within 90 days from the date it was imposed. Record of Fines should be maintained in Fine Register. P a g e | 22
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Guidelines - Mode of Wages Payment
All wages shall be paid in Current Coins or Currency Notes or in both.
Employer can also pay the Wages either by cheque or by crediting the Wages in Employee’s Bank Account with Employee’s Authorization in written.
Wages can be paid on Daily, Weekly, Fortnightly or Monthly basis, but wage period cannot be more than a month. Most Organization preferred Monthly Payment basis.
iii.
The Workmens’ Compensation Act -1923 Objective of the Act This is an Act to provide for the payment by certain classes of Employers to their workmen (Employee) of compensation for injury by accident during the course of Employment which is applicable all over the India & came into force on 01st July 1924. Employer’s Liability for Compensation In case of Death or Personal injury resulting into Total or Partial Disablement or Occupational Disease caused to a workman / Employee by accident arising out of and during the course of his employment, his Employer shall be liable to pay compensation under the Act. Guidelines - Employer shall not be so liable
In Respect of Any Injury which does not Result in the Total or Partial Disablement of the Workman for a Period Exceeding Three (03) days.
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In Respect of Any injury, not resulting in Death or Permanent Total Disablement (PTD), caused by an Accident which is directly attributable to; a. The Workman having been at the time thereof under the Influence of Drink or Drugs. b. The Willful Disobedience of Workman to an order expressly given, or avoiding safety guidelines. c. The Willful Removal or Disregard by the workman of any safety guard during On-Duty
Guidelines - Payment of Compensation Amount
In Case of Death of a Workman Results from the Injury during the Employment. Minimum Compensation for Death under the Act is Rs: 120000/- or an amount equal to 50% (Fifty per cent) of the Monthly wages of the Workman’s multiplied by the relevant factor, whichever is higher. (Subject to Max. Rs: 8000/- per month w.e.f. 31st May 2010 or as per the Minimum Rates of wages of the State.).
In Case of Permanent Total Disablement (PTD) of a Workman Results from the Injury. Minimum Compensation for PTD under the Act is Rs: 140000/- or an amount equal to 60% (Sixty per cent) of the Monthly wages of the Injured workman’s multiplied by the relevant factor, whichever is higher.
Compensation Amount: Completely Depends on the Age: Higher the Age – Lower the Compensation Amount. Find out the relevant factor specified in Schedule IV giving slabs depending upon the age of the concerned workman.
iv.
The Factories Act -1948 Objective of the Act This Act has been come into force to consolidate and amend the Law Regulating the Workers working in the factories. To ensure the Safeguard the interest of workers and protect them from exploitation, the Act prescribes certain standards with regard to Safety, Welfare and Working Hours of workers, apart from other provisions. P a g e | 24
Profile And Policy Analysis
Applicability of the Act Any premises whereon Ten (10) or more persons with the Aid of Power or Twenty (20) or more Workers were working without Aid of Power on any day preceding 12 months, wherein Manufacturing process is being carried on. It extends to whole of India and Covers all Manufacturing processes & Establishments falling within the definition of “Factory”. Duties of employer under the act There are certain facilities and safety measures that an employer needs to provide his employee while giving him employment. They are mentioned in Table 1. Table 1: Table showing necessary facilities and safety measures that need to be provided by the employer to the employee.
Facilities for Large Factories
Ambulance Room if 500 or More Workers are employed in the Factory.
Canteen if 250 or more workers are employed.
Rest Rooms / Shelters with Drinking Water when 150 or more workmen are employed.
Full time “Welfare Officer” if factory Employs 500 or more workers.
Working Hours under the Act
The Maximum Working hours can’t be more than 48 Hours in a week.
(The Factories Act, 1948)
P a g e | 25
Profile And Policy Analysis
The Maximum Daily Working Hours can’t be more than 09 Hours.
One Weekly Holiday is Compulsory which is Sunday. If Employee works on Sunday, then he should compensate with any other day of the Week.
At least half an hour Rest should be provided after 5 hours of work. Total period of work inclusive of rest interval cannot be more than 10.5 hours.
Notice of Period of Work should be displayed.
Guidelines - Overtime Wages under the Act
If a Worker works beyond 09 hours a day or 48 hours a week, Overtime Wages are Double the Rate of Wages are payable.
A Workman cannot work in two factories. There is Restriction on Double Employment. However, Overtime Wages are not payable when the Worker is on Tour.
Total Working Hours including Overtime should not exceed 60 Hours in a week and Total Overtime Hours in a quarter should not exceed 50 Hours. Register of overtime should be maintained.
Employment of Young Persons Any Child below age of 14 Yrs. can’t be employed. Child above 14 but below 15 years of age can be employed only for 4.5 hours per day. He should be certified fit by a certifying surgeon. He cannot be employed during night between 10 pm to 6 am. Annual Leave A Worker having worked for 240 days needs to be given One Day Leave for every 20 days & for a Child One Day Leave for working of 15 days. Accumulation of leave can be done up to 30 days. P a g e | 26
Profile And Policy Analysis
Notice of Accidents Notice of Any Accident causing Disablement of more than 48 hours, Dangerous Occurrences & any worker contacting Occupational Disease should be informed to Factories Inspector. Notice of Dangerous Occurrences & Specified Diseases should be given. Penalties to the Employer If there is Any Contravention of any of the Provisions of this Act or any Rules, “Employer & Manager” will be Punishable with Imprisonment up to 2 years or fine up to Rs: 1, 00,000 or both. Please check the Penalties Chart for various contraventions under the Act.
Highlights of Labour Policy
Creative Measures to attract Public & Private Investment.
Creating New Jobs with New Social Security Schemes for workers.
Model Employee – Employer Relationships with Long Term Settlements.
Vital Industries & Establishments declared as “Public Utilities”.
Special conciliation mechanism for projects with investments of Rs. 150 cr or more.
Labour Law Reforms with Times. Empowered body of experts to suggest required changes.
Statutory amendments for expediting & streamlining the mechanism of Labour Judiciary.
Efficient functioning of Labour Department. More labour sectors under Min. Wages Act.
Modern Medical Facilities for workers. Rehabilitation packages for displaced workers.
Restructuring in functioning of Employment Exchanges with mordent Technology.
Joint Cell of Labour & Industries Department to study changes in Laws & Rules. P a g e | 27
Profile And Policy Analysis
On field experience The capacity of a fish processing plant is about 6-8 T/day, with a labour capacity of around 30-50 people. The local people forms about 20-25% of the total labour force. They are provided with the following basic facilities:
Accommodation within the factory along with food
Medical treatment for minor accidents
Equipment provided, such as boots, gloves, caps, aprons, masks etc.
With a Monthly salary of Rs 6000-8000.
Fig 15 shows how the labour are provided with gloves, boots etc. Fig 16 shows a labour wearing apron and boots. The Fig 12: Equipments provided to the labour.
equipment vary according to the different types of work done
Fig 11: Different equipments for different types of work.
by the labour. The labours are recruited, mainly through a labour contractor & he/she is responsible for the labours. The labours usually work only for 1 shift per day, which is about 8-9 hours a day. There is no provision of compensation, in case of a death at site. The working hours, penalties, leave, overtime, safety measures and the facilities defined in the above acts are given to the labours in Veraval. The information regarding deduction of wages, modes of payment and overtime of the labour was not obtained as it was not shared by the labours nor the contractor. P a g e | 28
Profile And Policy Analysis
2.2.3 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT, 1986 The first legislation which specifically addressed the Environmental problem was the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and another act followed this act which is the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. After both these acts came in, the Environment Protection Act, 1986 came into existence. Environmental pollution is the imbalance in environment caused by mixing of unwanted substances in air, water or land that alters their properties in such manner, that the very use of all or any by man and any other living organism becomes lethal and dangerous for health. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 envisages the setting up of central and state boards for the prevention and control of water pollution. The task of these bodies is the prevention and control of the discharge of water into streams or wells and also to lay down effluent standards to be compiled with by industries. The two important functions of the State Board are 1.
To lay down the standards of pollution and to make consent order for polluting trade and sewage effluent into streams.
2.
The boards have also granted ample powers of investigation, inspection, sample collection, testing and also the power to prosecute violators of the act.
The board also has the power to take samples of effluents, prohibit the use of stream or well for disposal of polluting matter and lay restrictions on New Outlets and New Discharges.
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Profile And Policy Analysis
The Air Pollution Control Act, 1981 deals with the control of emission of noxious substances from industries and automobiles. Basically, air act is applied only to specified industrial processes in notified areas called the air pollution control areas (APCA). The functions under the act are entrusted to the central and state boards created under the water act. The state government declares an area as air pollution control area only after consulting with state board. The specified industries in the APCA have to seek the permission of the board to emit noxious substances. There are a list of industries which involve in the hazardous process are Coal industries, Cement industries, Petroleum industries, Drugs and Pharmaceutical industries, Rubber industries, leather tanning industries and Chemical industries. As the natural resources are getting polluted day by day it will be very difficult for life to exist on earth in near future. Thus to save life on earth Environment Protection Act (EPA) was formed. It was formed as a combination of The Air Pollution Act and The Water Pollution Act. The EPA is a general legislation for environmental protection, more accurately, for the control of pollution and handling of hazardous substances. The major functions of Environment Protection Act are 1.
To provide the protection and improvement of environment.
2.
To safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
EPA is applicable to whole India, including J&K. With all these objectives the basic objective for the formation of EPA was “Sustainable Development�. According to this act the central government has the powers to make rules to regulate environmental pollution, to notify standards and maximum limits of pollutants, prohibit and restrict handling of hazardous substances, to appoint a person for inspection and to make rules to achieve the objective of the Act.
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Profile And Policy Analysis
On field experience The major mode of transport in Veraval-Patan is mostly shared auto rickshaw (chakda) which has a very high carbon emission and that causes air pollution. It is a banned vehicle in all other states except the Saurashtra region of Gujarat State. Fig 18 and 19 show the use of Chkada. Fig 14:Chakda used for transportation.
Indian
Rayon
has
a
Fig 13: Chakda used for transportation of goods also.
large
industrial unit on the banks of river Devka, which not only causes air pollution but also causes land and water pollution by dumping its waste on the river banks. Fig 19 and 20 support the above stated fact. Fig 15: Indian Rayon on the banks of river Devka.
Fig 16: Solid waste thrown on the banks of river Devka.
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Profile And Policy Analysis
Being prominent for the fish-processing field, Veraval houses a lot of industrial units which again are responsible for land and water pollution. The whole city lacks underground sewage system due to which there are open drains running all across the city including industries also. These open drains are very harmful as far as health and hygiene is concerned. Fig 17: Solid waste dumped by the industries outside their gates
Fig 18: Open drains full of solid waste from industries
There is also no proper disposal of solid waste in the city and heaps of waste can be seen all around the city on roadsides. Swachchh Bharat Abhiyan and Mahatma Gandhi Swachchhta Mission are under implementation in Veraval-Patan and the results can be seen in the below shown photographs.
Fig 19: Solid waste thrown on the roadsides.
Fig 20: Construction waste at the gates of the industries.
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Profile And Policy Analysis
The river Hiran is the main source of water for Veraval-Patan. On visiting the Weir built across Hiran River we found a lot of waste dumped into the water and some women were seen washing clothes also.
Fig 21: Waste thrown in Hiran river and women washing clothes.
Fig 22: Solid waste thrown on Hiran Weir
For the GIDC area, it is mandatory for all the industries to be a registered member of the CETP (Common Effluent Treatment Plant) Veraval which is managed by the Veraval Industries Association. CETP treats the effluents released by the fish industries and then it is released into the sea. The industries can release an effluent with maximum of 1100-1200 COD content and if found more than that, than the industry has to treat that and reduce it to the relative limits. At CETP the COD of effluent is reduced to 250 and then it is released into the sea through an open canal. The CETP is inspected monthly by the Pollution Control Boards of Junagadh and Rajkot. Since the Gir-Somnath is a newly formed district, it does not have a Pollution Control Board but it is said to be formed soon. The chart shown shows the process of effluent treatment.
Fig 24: CETP at Veraval.
Fig 23: CETP managed by THE VERAVAL INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION.
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Profile And Policy Analysis
WATER INLET
• Sump1: Waste water from GIDC • Sump2: Waste water from Harbor area • Sump3: Waste water from public open nalla
• Sludge removal process
EQUILISER TANK • Oxidation process • Most important process of whole CETP AERATION • Done with the help of 40 hp motor
CLARIFIER
• Settlement of the fine particles left in the effluent from aeration takes place here
• After the completion of whole treatment process the effluent is again filtered for removal of fine sludge. FINAL • After filtration of sludge, it is soaked with the help of sunlight and sold to FILTERING the local farmers as the fertilizer. • Effluent releases to open canal with the help of closed pipes which takes EFFLUENT the water to sea. RELEASE P a g e | 34
Profile And Policy Analysis
2.2.4 COASTAL ZONE REGULATION The coastal zone management is a dynamic process in which a coordinated strategy is developed and implemented for the allocation of environmental, social, cultural and institutional resources to achieve the conservation and sustainable multiple use of the coastal zone. The coastal area in Gujarat mainly cover coastal land (Mudflats, Sand dunes and others) and the coastal waters, which are regulated by a major National legislation “Environmental Protection Act,1986”. In addition to this, three
major
laws
are
also
applicable
namely
The
Water
(Prevention
and
Control
of
Pollution)
Act, 1974, Coastal Regulation Zone-1991 and Biodiversity Act-2002. The CRZ Notification declared areas 500 m landward of the HTL as CRZ and restrictions were imposed on setting up and expansion of industries in these areas. CRZ-I: Areas that are ecologically sensitive and important, such as national parks/marine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests, wildlife habitats, mangroves, coral reefs, areas close to breeding and spawning grounds of fish and other marine life, areas of outstanding natural beauty/historically/heritage areas, areas rich in genetic diversity, areas likely to be inundated due to rise in sea level consequent upon global warming and such other areas, and area between low tide line and the high tide line. CRZ-II: The areas that have already been developed up to or close to the shoreline. For this purpose, “developed area” is referred to as that area within the municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are already substantially built up and which have been provided with drainage and approach roads and other infrastructural facilities, such as water supply and sewerage mains. CRZ-III: Areas that are relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to either CRZ-I or CRZ-II. These will include coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within Municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are not substantially built up. P a g e | 35
Profile And Policy Analysis
CRZ-IV: Coastal stretches in the Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep and small islands, except those designated as CRZ-I, CRZ-II or CRZ-III. There are certain activities which are prohibited and regulated in these zones. They are: 1.
Setting up of new industries and expansion of existing industries, except those directly related to waterfront or directly needing foreshore facilities.
2.
Manufacture or handling or storage or disposal of hazardous substances, except specified petroleum products in port areas.
3.
Setting up and expansion of fish processing units including warehousing, excluding hatchery and natural fish drying in permitted areas and expansion of existing fish processing units for modernization purposes.
4.
Setting up and expansion of units/mechanisms for disposal of wastes and effluents, except facilities required for discharging treated effluents into the water course and storm water drains.
5.
Discharge of untreated wastes and effluents from industries, cities or towns and other human settlements and dumping of city or town wastes.
6.
Dumping of ash or any wastes from thermal power stations.
7.
Land reclamation, bunding or disturbing the natural course of sea water.
8.
Mining of sands, rocks and other substrata materials, except those rare minerals not available outside CRZ.
9.
Harvesting
or
drawl
of
ground
water
and
construction
of
mechanisms
within
200
m
of HTL except when done manually through ordinary wells for drinking, horticulture, agriculture and fisheries in the 50m to 200m zone. 10. Construction activities in ecologically sensitive area.
P a g e | 36
Profile And Policy Analysis
In accordance with the Govt. of India’s notification, the following activities are regulated by Government of India: 1.
Defense requirement
2.
Construction of Ports, harbors and Light House.
3.
Thermal Power Plants (Infrastructure on Foreshore).
4.
Construction of Beach Resorts/hotels.
5.
Other activity directly related to water front or directly needing foreshore facilities with investment exceeding Rs. 5 crores.
On field experience The CRZ Notification declared areas 500 m landward of the HTL as CRZ. Restrictions are imposed on setting up and expansion of industries in these areas. But in Veraval-Patan the Indian Rayon is hardly 150m away from HTL and the GIDC area is approximately 350m away from the HTL. Also a lot of waste can be seen dumped near the shoreline where the boat building activities take place. Also the port area has a lot of polluted red colour and it affects the marine life which is against the CRZ.
Fig 25: Map showing the proximity of Indian Rayon and GIDC area which violates the CRZ. (Source: Google Earth) Fig 26: Waste dumped in proximity to the sea-shore
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3.1
Municipal Governance of Veraval - Patan
3.2
Common Administration Departments
3.3
Organizational Structure of Veraval - Patan
3.4
Water Supply
3.5
Waste Water
3.6
Solid Waste
3.7
Conclusion
3 GOVERNANCE OF VERAVAL-PATAN
Objectives The research objective of our group is two-folded. Primary objective is to understand the governance structure of the town, focusing on the working of the executive and the elected wing of the municipality and the collector office of Veraval - Patan town. Secondary objective is to understand the existing and the proposed infrastructural services of the town, focusing on Water Supply, Drainage and Solid Waste Management.
Research Methodologies For the purpose of collecting data, we adopted two different methodologies for Governance and Infrastructure. Firstly, for governance, interviews of the officials and the staffs were conducted at municipal as well as at the collector office. Secondly, for the basis of Infrastructural understanding, along with interviewing the officials for the stats and data, we conducted a Random Sample survey of Households (total 11) at different areas of the town (Gamtal Patan, Veraval city) and also randomly interviewed local residents and daily commuters.
Governance Of Veraval – Patan
3.1 Municipal governance of Veraval - Patan Veraval is one of the Gujarat’s close to heart towns that has been ranked as one of the most prominent town. The city is celebrated as the domain of India’s one of the important pilgrimages, Somnath. Veraval-Patan are the two different towns located near to each other in the Gir Somnath district. Veraval is a town dependent on fisheries and fish processing activities, while Patan is known for tourism as it is a religious place known as Somnath (Prabhas-Patan) famous for the
Map 1: TP Scheme 1 (Municipality, 2014)
Map 2: TP Scheme 2 (Municipality, 2014)
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
Somnath temple. Both the towns are being developed by the common municipality ‘Veraval-Patan Joint Municipality’ with the twin town concept.
3.1.1 Vision of the Municipality There will be increase in area of the town as floating population in Patan is increasing. Hotels and commercial activities will increase. Drinking water facilities as well as water supply network will be take place under the upcoming project (with budget of 75 crores). Underground drainage for whole city will be developed for whole town under upcoming project (with budget of 110 crores). Under this project 6 pumping station in 6 different zones. 2 central pumping station will be developed. Underground drainage network will connected to sewerage treatment plant (STP). This processed water is will distributed to the farmers. Under this project 80% of wae water will be treated. Solid waste management will be done by collecting solid waste dry and wet separately by door to door collection. 4 cubic meter container will be put at the community level. Transport of the solid waste and dumping it in the dump yard (19 acres of land available for dump yard) facilities will be provided by the municipality. On town level there will be sweepers, waste collecting vehicles. Municipality has proposed plan to GUDC for landfill and recycling biodegradable waste and other solid wastes.
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
Map 3: Development Plan for Veraval – Patan 2021 (Municipality, 2014)
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
3.2 Common Administration Departments Sections like Planning, NRI, RTI, Personal and ARTD are the managerial department of the Government in Veraval. It has following objectives:
Personal department is the section that functions under General Administration Department.
Implementing and monitoring of different Plans like Annual Plan and Five Year Plans or other works related to it is the function performed by Planning Department.
ARTD is responsible for the transparency and honesty in Administration and its delivery system.
RTI provides Right to Information to the citizens of Veraval.
3.2.1 Home Department To maintain law and order in the administration of Veraval, Home Department plays significant role. Monitoring crime issues and taking actions to put them under control is the main objective of home department in Veraval. It functions on the security and safety of the cities and other issues related to communal harmony, peace, mob riots, etc.
3.2.2 Health and Welfare Department The department is administratively responsible for rural health and welfare development. It functions on all the aspects related to health care and other related issues. Rural hospitals and other health and welfare centers are available in Veraval to monitor and deliver various means from primary to secondary and advance level. Medical, family welfare and other issues
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
related with health are covered by the department. Health Insurance, family planning and marriage registration are some the administrative functions followed by health and welfare department in Veraval.
3.2.3 Rural Housing Development When the decisions are related with the rural policies then Rural Housing Development is the department that performs the administrative functions. Its various schemes include e-gram, vishva gram, Samras Gram Yojana, Sardar Patel Awas Yojna, etc. people empowerment and better living conditions including health and hygiene are also inclusive in the objectives of rural housing development.
3.2.4 Administrative Reforms and Training Department (ARTD) ARTD undertakes decisions to execute various ways of gaining public faith in government. Principal Secretary, a senior officer is responsible to head the organization structure of the Administration and engender its duties accordingly. There are various administrative reforms introduced to provide more transparent and honest approach to the citizens of Veraval. They are as follows:
i.
ATVT (Apno Taluka Vibrant Taluka) To solve the grievances of citizens within the specific time period, a program named citizen charter is implemented. Administrative mechanism has been made more transparent, effective and people oriented to meet the demands of the citizens of Veraval.
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
ii.
SWAGAT online and Public Service ACT SWAGAT was functional from the year 2003 is an innovative concept that enables direct communication between the citizens and the Chief Minister. The fourth Thursday of every month is a SWAGAT day wherein the highest office in administration attends to the grievances of the common man.They are more programs added in the Administrative Reforms in favor of citizens.
3.3 Organizational Structure of Veraval-Patan 3.3.1 Collector Office Structure The structure of the collector office has been explained belowDistrict collector/District Magistrate Local collector/ Additional collector
Deputy collector
Deputy collector
Taluka Magistrate
District Supply Officer
Taluka Magistrate
Deputy Taluka Magistrate
Clerk
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
3.3.2 Structure of the Municipality ‘Municipality’ concept in India was brought up by Britishers before freedom of the India. After India’s freedom, this concept was taken by all the states to have their urban development authority for every district’s development. Under Urban development authority act Veraval-Patan joint Municipality was created in 1963.
Organizational Structure Municipality
Administrative Wing
Political Wing
Chief officer President Office Superintendent
Vice-President
Committees
Water
Sanitation & Drainage
Construction
Engineer
Chief Sanitary Inspector
Overseer
Supervisor Clerk
Sanitary Inspector Supervisor
Town Planning
Town Planner
Supervisor
Clerk
Clerk
Water Works
Tax & Accounts
Social Work
Town Planning
Accountant
Fire
Store & Garage
Fire Supervisor
Internal Auditor
Account Assistant
Clerk
Standing
Accounts & Tax
Account Assistant
PWD
Sanitation
Health
Electricity
Garden
Shop Establish ment
Education
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
3.3.3 Convergence of roles Collector and Municipality works in coordination with each other. This Municipality is answerable to the collector and there is a check and discussions on its work. The decisions regarding town property, revenue, budget allocation to different departments is done by joint municipality and collector office.
3.3.4 Divergence of roles Major decisions like land acquisition, property allotment and budget allocation were done by collector office. It manages different committees headed by collector office. While municipality handles different departments like water works, audit, pay, sewerage etc.
3.4 Water supply Water supply and its management in the city is the major role of urban local body (Veraval Patan municipality). Total water supply network in the town is laid and maintained by municipality excluding port area, part of GIDC and area belongs to the Somnath trust, but all the excluding areas which are mentioned above are have their own water supply system for some extent, even though sometimes they have to depend on municipality water supply. Presently in the port area, GIDC and Somnath trust have mutually understanding between municipalities.
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
Presently Water supply network is underground, connecting directly to the sumps covering 75% of area of city having one water treatment plant of capacity 13.5MLD which is not sufficient to the city population at present. New water supply project of cost 75cror covering 100 % area of city has be proposed and sanctioned under the ‘swarnim jayanti mukhyamantri shaheri vikas yojana’ Gujarat municipal finance board. As per the primary survey conducted with municipal officers the new project that is laying of underground pipe lines and construction of overhead tanks has started in ward no 11.
3.4.1 Sources of water Hiran dam water reservoir is the main water source of supply, the dam is across the river Hiran. Hiran River in western Gujarat originates near Sasan hills in Gir forest. Its basin has a maximum length of 40 km. The total catchment area of the basin is 518 km. Its major tributary is Saraswati River and Ambakhoj stream, and many other unknown branches makes this river almost complete near Talala town. Hiran River is a major river system which supports a variety of wildlife ecological systems and human settlements. Water is available in the reservoir for the all months in the year.
Fig 27: Hiran Dam
Municipality draws the river water from the Hiran dam storage reservoir, and which is collected and treated in water treatment plant (GWTP- Gujarat water treatment plant) near Bhalka temple of capacity 13.5MLD which is continuously working all the time in a day with efficiency of 80%.municipality people working there are based on shifts. Total water produced is 13.5MLD in which ground water source is zero MLD and surface water source is 13.5MLD. As per the new water supply project a new water treatment plant is proposed of capacity 53MLD P a g e | 47
Governance Of Veraval – Patan
3.4.2 Water supply network and area covered City has an underground water supply network, total no
of
Table 2: Coverage of Water Supply
water connections is 15,541no, water
connections in the slums is very less and area covered is 80% of total area. Treated water from water treatment plant is pumped to overhead tanks (presently 3 over head tanks are there) from which
(Municipality, 2014) Table 3: Access and Equity in Service Delivery
water is supplied to city as gravity flow and even 6 underground storage sumps are there. As per new water supply project which is under construction includes 3 over head tanks and 5 underground storage sumps. In the table 2, it is shown that water supply access and coverage, the percentage of households having individual access to service of water supply and equity in service delivery that is variations in city level coverage of poor and non-poor households in the city.
(Municipality, 2014)
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
3.4.3 Per capita water supply Number of days of water supply in a month is 10, households store water in their respective storage sumps or storage containers because three days once water is supplied and quality of water is as per the norms as per primary survey conducted in municipal office and household survey. As per the new water supply project which is just started in ward 11, includes new treatment plant of capacity 53MLD.after completion and operation of this project, number of days of water of supply in a month is 30. In Table 3, it is shown that service levels and quality of water that is quantity of water supplied.
3.4.4 Annual revenue, expenditure and capital The annual revenue from water, revenue expenditure on water and capital expenditure on water of veraval municipality for previous years are explained below. From the table below we can see that the annual capital expenditure on water is less in the following years 2011-2012, compared to previous year 2010-2011 and forthcoming year 2012-2013. Table 4: Annual Budget
(PAS, 2012)
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
Efficiency in service operations is shown in the Table 5 below, in
Table 5: Efficiency in Service Operations
which the extent of non-revenue water used by town households and functional metering of water connections and collection efficiency of charges.
Issues i.
Entire city is not covered by water supply network, 75% total area is covered by water supply network. Very less water connections in slum areas and newly developed areas.
ii.
Number of days of water supply in a month is 10 (3 hours (PAS, 2012)
per day), which is not sufficient for the household, storing of the water for three days or four days is also a big challenge for people to maintain quality of water. iii.
City has only one water treatment plant, which is running full time, there is no standby treatment plant for emergency water supply.
iv.
Water losses are more due to improper water pipe connections.
3.5 Waste water Water is vital for the existence of all living organisms, but this valued resource is increasingly being threatened as human populations grow and demand more water of high quality for domestic purposes and economic activities. Among the various P a g e | 50
Governance Of Veraval – Patan
environmental challenges of that India is facing this century, fresh water scarcity ranks very high. The key challenges to better management of the water quality in India are temporal and spatial variation of rainfall, improper management of surface runoff , uneven geographic distribution of surface water resources, persistent droughts, overuse of groundwater, and contamination, drainage, and salinization and water quality problems due to treated, partially treated, and untreated wastewater from urban settlements, industrial establishments, and run-off from the irrigation sector besides poor management of municipal solid waste and animal dung in rural areas India, being an economy in transition from a developing to a developed nation, faces two problems. On the one hand there is a lack of infrastructure and on the other, an ever-increasing urban population. As per the norms, 80% total water supply will be converted as waste water in the city. Veraval city has no planned drainage system (underground or open). until now City has only unplanned open drainage system which has no destination end discharge points, households build their own open drainage in their places and connected to any common open drainage which is connected to sea or river or open form grounds and some of the households have built their own soak pits according to their convenient. The amount of waste water generate annually and amount of water treated will be shown in below table 5 A new underground drainage system project of cost 110 crore is about to start in city which is covering entire city and it includes new sewage treatment plant (STP) also.
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
Table 6: Waste Water Generation
(PAS, 2012)
3.5.1 Area covered by wastewater network and treatment of waste water As we shown in the table 3.6, there is no planned drainage system in city, coverage area is zero sqkm. City has unplanned open drainage system which is built by people of households and even municipality is taken part in building common open drainage which is connecting to households. There is no treatment plant for treating the waste water, all the waste water from the open drains are connected to common drainage and diverted to nearby sea, or river or open form ground. The waste water collected in the open form grounds are allowed to dry itself, after drying it
Fig 28: Open Drains
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
is converted in to manure which is used by local formers for agriculture purpose. In other hand some of the households constructed their own soak pits for waste water.
3.5.2 Access to toilets As we shown in picture below, which explains the percentage of households with access to individual toilets and percentage of households with access to community toilets in city for some previous years.
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
Fig 29: Access to Toilets (PAS, 2012)
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3.5.3 Annual revenue, expenditure and capital Annual revenue collection in waste water is nil, because in city there is no planned drainage system from municipality, thus Source- PAS
municipality cannot impart tax on people for any waste water but annual revenue and capital will be spent on waste water for constructing some common drains and maintenance. Table 7: Annual Budget
(PAS, 2012)
Issues
City has no properly planned underground drainage system, all the drains are open connected to common gutter.
City does not have waste water treatment plant.
Sea and river is got polluted due to ingress of untreated waste water which is major problem for fishes in the sea.
Unsanitary condition is created in the city due to open drains which causes health problems for the people.
Due to very high water table, sometimes ingress of underground water in to sock pit causing overflow.
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
Map 4: Proposed Drainage Map (Municipality, 2014)
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3.6 Solid Waste Management The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF), Government of India issued a notification on 25 September, 2000 under the Environment Protection Act 1986 stating that all cities and towns of India should undertake municipal solid waste management as prescribed by the rules. These are known as “The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000”.
Genaration
Collection
Transpotation
Processing/treatement
Disposal
Above figure is showing the whole process of solid waste management as per the solid waste norms. First there is any source of waste generation, like kitchen waste, construction waste, garden waste, plastic waste and etc. After that collection of that waste is happen as per the norms, collection have to be in different types of segregation. There is a dry/green waste, e-waste, paper waste and construction waste also. So collection have to be accordingly to type of waste. Then third come transportation of that waste, Different kind of waste is having a different kind of transportation mechanism. Waste should be transfer in a vehicle which is closed. Then that waste is going to treatment process, in this process waste goes for recycling, where it recycle so that it can be re-use. Last and final stage is disposal. Here that kind of waste is coming, which is not treated.
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
The solid waste generated by the city can Kitchen Waste
be categorized as the adjacent figure: Wet Waste This is just a broad classification that can
Garden Waste
be easily segregated and differentiated by the common man within his/her
Solid Waste
house. Out of these categories we can
Plastic
further narrow down them into 3 major categories as: Dry Waste
Paper
As shown in fig. 30 i.
Dry Waste
ii.
Plastic Waste
iii.
Wet Waste
Silt/sand and other inert materials Fig 30: Types of Waste (Municipality, 2014)
In table 7 it can be seen that, in 2010-12
Table 8: Waste Generation and Processing
the city is generated 50 tons waste per day and Municipality is collected 47.20 tons waste per day. But out of all that waste they treated only 1.67 tons waste per day. In
2012-13
the
quantity
of
waste
(PAS, 2012)
generation and collection is increased.
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Governance Of Veraval – Patan
As per the table 8 the annual
Table 9: Revenue and Expenditures
revenue, and capital expenditure is constantly increase. Increase in revenue is a good sign for the Municipality and it shows the financial
sustainability
in
solid
(PAS, 2012)
waste management sector. Annual expenditure on solid waste management is decreasing from 2010 to 2012. It is also a good sign for the overall financial sustainability for the city as well as Municipality also.
3.6.1 Waste generated Somnath-Veraval generate 350grams waste per day. City have 1, 53,000 total population as per last census data. So total 50 tons per day generation and if we multiply with 30 then 1500tons per month generation. 3.6.2 Waste collected Total waste generation per day is 50tons per day and out of that they only collect the 47tons per day. So there is gap of 3 tons waste.
Fig 31: Waste Collection
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3.6.3 Quantity of waste treated Out of total waste generation they treated only 1.67tons per day. So in a month they treated only 50tons waste out of 1500tons.
3.6.4 Door to door collection Municipality have the mechanism of door to door collection and in a day morning time is allotted for the solid waste collection. So they collect a waste from households and establishment also. They covered 38,674 households with establishment.
Issues Fig 32: Waste Daily Collection
i.
Collection of waste is not 100%.
ii.
Door to door collection is not on daily basis.
iii.
As per solid waste norms they have to segregate the different kind of waste. But there is no segregation.
iv.
In 2010 to 2012 they treated 1.67tons waste per day. Which is not enough for the city. But after 2012 they are not
v.
Treated any kind of waste. And they dump the waste directly to the dumping site.
vi.
A highly polluted waste disposal facility.
vii.
Lack of community awareness, ownership, and involvement.
viii.
Poor collection efficiency, high level of littering, poor treatment capacity, And poor performance in recycling of waste.
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3.7 Conclusion Veraval Patan town is 2nd class town which has a joint municipality. After studying the governance and infrastructure of the town, we conclude that, the town has good governing administration with collector and chief officer. Existing infrastructure of the town is fulfilling the 80% demand of the water supply. Town is having drainage lines, but they are open lines, so, there is a question for health and sanitation. To answer this questions related to infrastructure and sanitation, municipality is having proposals for good water supply network and underground drainage. Municipality is also having proposals for waste water management by treating it. This upcoming projects will solve the issues of water supply and drainage. With waste water management, municipality has also some proposals for solid waste management. If the administration works to the goal of 2021, after some time Veraval Patan will have good infrastructures and less issues related to it, with good efforts of infrastructural proposals and the governing authority Veraval Patan will have good infrastructures.
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4.1
Tourist Places
4.2
Stakeholders – Organizations
4.3
Infrastructure
4.4
Issues of Concern
4.5
Conclusion
4. TOURISM ACTIVITIES Objective The research objective of this group is to study the tourism activities at Veraval-Patan. This includes identification of tourist places in Veraval-Patan and understand the tourist profile. To fulfill this objective we identified the roles of temple trust and the Municipality in developing the tourism of the city. Identify various issues from stakeholders associated with tourism.
Research methodology First of all, an attempt was made to understand the project & its importance in context of winter school. Then secondary data were collected from various sources like documents related to Veraval-Patan from library, reports from internet etc. A structure of field work was prepared before the field visit. After that a week-long field visit to Veraval-Patan was conducted. During the field visit all tourist spots were identified. Also, to know the tourist profile, interviews were conducted with various tourists, who were mainly coming from Bengal, South India and from various parts of Gujarat. A bus tour was provided by the Somnath Temple Trust to us to visit all the tourist places. Lot of additional information of those tourist places and their history was given by the bus driver. To get more information, an interview was conducted with Mr. Chavda, Dy. General Manager of Somnath Temple Trust to understand the work process and their part in the tourism development, which also helped in tourism activities data. More information was collected in the meeting with Mr. Dadania, Chief engineer of Veraval Nagarpalika. In meeting with Deputy Collector Mr. Mehta some of the data was collected from Municipality office & Collector office. But to understand the area and the activities related to tourism, the interviews with local people, tourists, pilgrims and the shop-keepers helped the most. After returning, the data is compiled and analysed.
Tourism Activities
4.1 Tourist Places 4.1.1 Tourism map of Patan and Veraval The map below shows the various location of tourist places
Fig 33: Map of Veraval – Patan
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4.1.2 Somnath Temple Somnath Temple, one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva, situated 79kms. From Junagadh and 25km. from Chorwad. This temple is located in the Prabhas Kshetra near Veraval and is one of the most legendary temples of the western coast of India. The legends says that Somnath is as old as creation which is built by none other than the Moon God himself. The remains of this temple of Somnath depicts the story of a city which withstood the shocks of time and survived the attacks of destroyers. Fig 34: old Somnath Temple 1869
Somnath Temple is being regarded as the ideal sacred place of the Hindus that survived the ravages of time. The study of Indian history reveals that the Somnath Temple was invaded by the different conquerors who came to India and even some robbed its wealth and others destroyed some parts of it. Many legends are attached to the Somnath Temple regarding its origin and existence. In the past, the Somnath Temple was considered as the treasure trove of wealth that were looted away by outsiders. The Somnath Temple is an ideal example of the ancient Indian temple architecture. The Somnath Temple is known as the eternal shrine whose glory and fame are legendary. This legendary temple was built and destroyed and re build again. It is believed that Fig 15: New Somnath Temple 1995
Somraj, the moon god, built the Somnath Temple or the
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Tourism Activities
Somnath Patan out of gold. It was rebuilt by Ravana in silver. Again Lord Krishna, the incarnation of Lord Vishnu built it in wood. Further in the 10th century it was rebuilt in stone by King Bhimdev Solanki. The mythological tale about the temple is like, Soma, the moongod, the son in-law of Daksha. Once Soma had disobeyed a certain instruction given by his father-in-law. Later then Daksha was so angry that he cursed him, saying, "Thou shalt wane!" The moon, who used to shine in full splendor every night till
Fig 36: Extended Temple Premises
those days then started to shrink. However, before such a curse brought about an absolute end to the moon, many a Gods requested Daksha to revoke his curse. Then Daksha asked Soma to take a bath in the sea at the mouth of the river Saraswati and then asked to pray to Lord Shiva. Hence at Prabhasa, Shiva came to be known as Somanath, the Lord of the Moon.
4.1.3 Activities in Somnath Temple From the ancient time, Somnath Temple has its own identity and it is the main attraction of Somnath and Veraval. The temple is open from 6.00 am to 9.00 pm. There are 3 aarti daily morning 7.00 am, noon 12.00 pm and evening 7.00 pm. The temple also has a Yagyashala, where people do yagana for various purposes. People from far off places (from 100 – 200 km. away) come walking to the temple and perform yagnas. These are mainly performed in Shravan month. Different rates for different yagnas are specified by the temple authority. There is a 5 day mela (fair) on “Kartiki purnima”, apart from that another main festival is “Shiv-ratri”.
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A very interesting structure is the South Pole column. It is said that, the South Pole indicator in the temple premises pointing toward South Pole without any land obstruction in between.
4.1.4 Others i.
Ahalyabai Temple This temple is situated near the main Somnath temple. It was said that Maharani of Indore, Ahalayabai Holker during 1782. This temple maintained the Pooja Parampara of Bhagvan Shiva during the hostile political conditions.
ii.
Triveni Sangam
Fig 37: Dam at Triveni Sangam
Fig 38: Death Rituals
Fig 39: Triveni Sangam
The confluence of three holy river Kapila, saraswati and Hiranya. These rivers are considered as very pure and generally after life rituals are performed here, mainly no recreational activities are there, apart from boating at a very small scale. Surrounded
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Tourism Activities
and sometimes far away villages from around come here for death rituals as it is believed that lord Krishna got ‘moksha’ at this place and yadav done ‘pind dan’ at the same place.
iii.
Gita Mandir The Gita Mandir and Laxminarayan Mandir are located in Dehotsarg campus. The divine massage of Bhagwan Shree Krishna in form of Shrimad Bhagwat Geeta is carved here on eighteen marble pillars. It was said that when Lord Krishna was hit by an arrow, he was in agony, he came and sit here. It is still believed that Ramavatar Lord Ram killed Bali, when Bali was dying he asked Ram, what was his fault?? In answer Lord Ram gave him ‘vardhan’ that in next life he will kill Lord Ram. That ‘vardhan’ was fulfilled in Dapwar Yug, as the Bhil killed Lord Krishna.
iv.
Fig 40: Gita Mandir
Shree Parshuram Temple This is a sacred spot at the holy banks of Triveni where Bhagvan Parshuram conducted his long penance and he was relieved from the curse of Kshatriya killings by lord Somnath. There are two kund: Jalprabhas and Adityaprabhas. The Pandavas have said to have visited this place and taken holy bath in the Jalprabhas and built five Shiv temples.
Fig 41: Parshuram Temple
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v.
Bhalka Tirth Temple This sacred Tirth is located 5 km on Prabhas Veraval highway. The arrow of the Bhil named Jara at this spot hit Bhagvan Shree Krishna. Bhagvan Shree Krishna was resting in meditation pose under a pipal tree when the poacher misread the foot of Bhagvan Shree Krishna as a deer and hit from a distance.
vi.
Fig 42: Bhalka Tirth Temple
Bhid Bhanjan Mahadev Temple
This place has its own significance, as two Shiv Lingas are coming out from the sea. It is situated 6km away from the Somnath Temple. It is said that if you wish something from your heart and take ‘Ashirvaad’ here then it will come true. Many small temples are seen in the graveyard. These are the burials of the Gosai community who are given Samadhi and a small temple is made in their remembrance. Apart from these main temples there are some other temples Bhramahkumari Temple, Sharda Pith, Harihar van, Panch Pandav Gufa (Hinglaj Mata Gufa), Sun Temple etc.
Fig 43: Other Places to be seen in Veraval - Patan
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Tourism Activities
4.2 Stakeholders – Organizations 4.2.1 Somnath Temple Trust The temple trust in Somnath is not only a trust of temple but is a facilitator in the city. Its annual revenue generated from tourism is about 19.74crore as per the trust authority. It not only develops the temple area but also helps the municipality by developing other tourist places. Presently it looks at the infrastructure and maintenance of main Somnath Temple and other temples like Gita Mandir, Bhalka Tirth, Bhid Bhanjan and Prachi Mandir. They are also planning development projects by government body viz. cave museum and Bhalka beautification. It gets government grants from both center and state as per requirements for development projects in the area like for making roads near temple, making public toilets etc. It has its own water supply from the Hiren River parallel to the government pipeline since 2001. The average stay time of the tourist was one to two days as observed and interviewed from the guest houses. The tourist in these guest house are mainly pilgrims from all over India and even from outside India. There is a perennial flow of tourists and no extra packages are offered by the trust throughout the year. They even provide additional tent facilities if required and extra facilities for disabled and senior citizens. As per the Somnath Temple Trust the fisheries industry also affect the tourism as all the rail and road routes to Somnath temple come across the harbor/ fisheries area which has the bad odor. The trust also provides stay and dining facility for the tourist. Its stay place varies from 15Rs. (per bed) to 2500Rs. (in hotel Sagardarshan for AC room) and 15Rs. to 55Rs. per plate for food. The trust has its own website but it does not do any other promotion of it, so there the tourist from outside Gujarat mainly don’t know about trust facilities. The people only know if they check on the internet.
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Table 10: Accommodation Facilities
(Trust, 2014)
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4.2.2 Urban Local Body (Municipality) The Urban local body has a minimal role in the tourism development of the place but it becomes a very important and critical part for the ULB to handle the extra load of the floating population in the city. To accommodate this load the authority has asked for an extension in the city limit. But still there is lot to do in terms of infrastructure of the city. The infrastructure is not even enough to handle the current population and creates a big problem when the city is over floated with people. The water supply in the old city is provided by the municipality once in three days and the solid waste is also managed and cleaned daily. But the sewerage network is still not laid in the city but the municipality has passed 110crore project and the work has also started for the same. They have also thought of more tourism development projects to increase the tourist stay period in the city like developing the 12 Jyotirlingas at one place, Developing 4 ashram of life (4 stages of life) and also the beach developing project near the lighthouse as the Chawpati area.
4.2.3 Hotel Industry In Veraval there are approximately 20 private hotels. Major from them are Hotel Woodland and Hotel Madhuram. The main customers of Hotels in Veraval are corporates & business travelers. The reason for major customers of business travelers is that there is giant industry Indian rayon and GIDC in Veraval. The weightage of various customers for private hotels are as follow: 60-65% corporate & Business traveler, 20-25% tourists for Somnath, 15-20% others. There is water facility provided by Veraval Nagarpalika but the amount of water is not sufficient for hotels so most of private hotels have private bore well or they call for water tankers. Drainage &solid waste collection facility is provided by Veraval Nagarpalika.
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4.2.4 Shop owners and Hawkers These are mainly the shops and hawkers near the temple area. They all reside in the Patan or Veraval city. They were moved away from the main temple by the trust when the temple area was increased about 4-5 years ago looking at the increase in the number of tourist. Some shops were given space in the nearby complex and others were placed in the nearby road. All that places belong to trust and the shopkeepers have to pay the rent for the place ranging from 1,500Rs to 10,000Rs to the trust. The hawkers don’t have to pay any rent for sitting in the trust place but have the fear to be moved if told by the trust for the same. All the antique pieces made by shell are shell are made by the locals itself. For the hawkers the average earning of the day is 150 to 200Rs. whereas it is about 5000 to 6000Rs. in the peak period.
4.2.5 Individuals i.
Pilgrims There are pilgrims from all over world. There are about 80 to 90 lakh tourist rather pilgrims every year in the city to visit the Somnath Temple. Distance and the odor from the fishing industries is not boundary and visit the place annually on particular occasions like Kartik Purnima, Mahashivratri etc. As per the temple people many of the visitors in such occasions are even localities. This is the first among the twelve Jyotirlingas. From the early days Prabhas Patan is a pilgrim place, confluence of mythological Saraswati, Hiranya and Kapila. As the mythology says Lord Shiva's Kalbhairav linga is situated at Prabhas. So Somnath Temple has its very own significance. Pilgrims coming from all over the world in search of divinity P a g e | 71
Tourism Activities
ii.
Tourists For the tourists the aim is not only to search the divinity but also explore the place and discover new charm of the place. So, apart from Somnath Temple they also visited nearby places like Gir forest in search of Asiatic lions or Diu to take a sip of beer.
iii.
Corporates/ Businessmen The hotels and guest house near the and in the Veraval city had more of corporate guest then tourist. They were mainly associated with the Indian Rayon.
iv.
Local People Looking at the communities in the old Patan town there are mainly Brahmins residing in the city mainly engaged in the temple works. Other communities included the Muslims, Sindh, Luvanas and Koli. The Koli community is mainly engaged in the fishing activity and others are associated with the trust activities i.e. administration, drivers, cook etc. According to the people staying there, there is no conflict among the communities and all the communities stay together with harmony without any conflict or partition. Many tourist even visit the town as part of their tour. During the peak time due to the lack of stay facility few of the local people offer their part of the house on rent. The rent is about 400 to 500Rs. for room. This kind of activity adds in to their economy. Some of the issues raised by the people were of the increased rates of various products (even things like vegetables) due to tourism in the city. Also there is no proper drainage or transport facility in the city leading to encouragement of more and more para transit (chakdas) with high rates. The people in the Prabhas- Patan village did not have any issue with the fish smell it is just a little problem if the wind direction change toward the city. P a g e | 72
Tourism Activities
4.3 Infrastructure 4.3.1 Physical i.
Water Water supply facility in Somnath Temple periphery is provided by Somnath Temple Trust. Somnath Temple draws water from Hiren dam. The daily consumption of water per hotel is approx. 40,000 liter per day (includes restaurant water use). In outgrowth periphery, Private hotels have to manage their water facility by themselves. They have private bore well or they use water tanker.
ii.
Sanitation There is drainage facility provided to Prabhas Patan Gamtal by Veraval Nagarpalika. But in outgrowth periphery, Sanitation facility is on the hotel owners. Hotel owners do collect their drainage in truck and dispose it.
iii.
Solid waste collection Solid waste collection facility is provided by Veraval Nagarpalika. There is daily door-to-door waste collection facility provided by Nagarpalika. Even this facility is for shop over Somnath Temple periphery.
iv.
Transport In Patan there is transport facility for whole “Somnath Darshan�. There are 3 buses provided by Somnath Temple Trust for Somnath Darshan. In this Somnath Darshan, the bus will take tourist to all major tourist spot. In addition, the bus driver will guide them about each tourist spot. There is facility of private auto rickshaw to take tourists to all major tourist spots. P a g e | 73
Tourism Activities
4.3.2 Social i.
Safety & Security To provide safety & security to tourists, there is a registration of all hotels to collector office. All hotels have to maintain their register of guests & have to provide data to collector office. There is 24 hours on duty police force inn Somnath Temple periphery to provide safety & security to tourists. The Somnath Temple periphery is covered by CCTV camera.
ii.
Law & Order To maintain law & order in Somnath, there is State Reserved Police Force provided by state government. This force has check points at every major spots. There is even local police force to maintain law & order. At beach, there will be constant watch of SRPF to protect law & order and to give safety to tourists.
4.4 Issues of Concern While visiting Somnath we observed some issues of local people and tourist as follows.
i.
Local people In Somnath there is rush in all over year. But people suffer insufficient public transport in peak period. All chakadawala increases the rates of rent of chakada. Also in peak period all shop keepers and vegetable vendors increases the rates of goods which affect the local people. In peak period water supply problem is also there. Water comes in 2-3 days. It is very difficult to manage for the local people.
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Also when there is a lack of accommodation, local people have to use their house as a guest house. Though they do this job happily but for that peak period they have to manage a lot things. They offer one hall for family or group of 5-6 people at reasonable rates.
ii.
Tourist In all over the world tourist visited the Somnath. But for staying more than 2 days maximum there is not any tourist activity. In only one day one can visit the Somnath completely. There is no such an activity or any other extra tourist spots for which tourist stay there one to two days more. Another problem faced by the tourists is smell of the fishing in Veraval. But this smell not remains for whole day, when the direction of air changes smell of fishing changes accordingly. In peak period all guest house and private hotels get packed. All dharamshalas and hotels get packed. It is very big problem for the low income group people to get t e accommodation. They have to sleep on footpath.
4.5 Conclusion It can be said that tourism in Veraval-Patan mainly developed because of its unique cultural background and historical value. Tourist from all over the India are coming to see the first holy Jyotirlinga, it cannot be ignored that not only from India but also from various part of World people come to visit this place. The Somnath temple has a great influence on the area and the place is mainly known as Somnath instead of Veraval-Patan.
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Tourism Activities
The local economy in Patan mainly depend on tourism whereas in Veraval the main occupation is Fisheries and other port activities. The Somnath Temple Trust plays an important role in the tourism development of the place and the urban local body has a minimal role in ‘tourism development’. The Urban Local body is trying to improve the infrastructure of the city for the huge amount of floating population in the city which is presently not even enough for the present population of the city. As compared to earlier situation of tourism in VeravalPatan it is improving nowadays in all sectors.
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5.1
Introduction to the Port
5.2
Port Activities
5.3
Infrastructure in the Port
5.4
Comparison with Other Ports
5.5
Conclusion
5. PORT ACTIVITIES
Objective The objective of this study to understand different activities that are taking place on the Port.
Research Methodology The study had started with desktop study of Veraval – Somnath in the campus. In course of study, the student group of 25 was divided into 5 groups each consisting 5 students. Each group has selected their fields of interest for study. In accordance with the topic selected, this present chapter deals with Port Activities. In consultation with the faculty concerned questionnaires were framed. Guest lecture that was organised gave a brief understanding of the Port and its related activities. The study in Veraval – Somnath has started with an overall visit to the city along with different groups and faculty concerned. Later study had been carried out individually by group concerned with Port Activities. In course of group study, concerned authorities like GMB, Fisheries Dept., Customs Dept. and Indian Coast Guard were met and conversed in detail regarding their respective roles in the Port and Port activities. Afterwards people fitting in different activities were randomly selected and interviewed (Random Sampling Method). The acquired information has been correlated and compiled in consultation with different other groups working in school and in lieu with the object of the study.
Port Activities
5.1 Introduction to the Port The Port of Veraval lies on the south-western coast of the Kathiawar Peninsula on the Arabian Sea in the state of Gujarat in north-western India. It is home to one of India’s biggest fishing ports. The Port of Veraval also produces agricultural products and timber and is home to manufacturers of textile bobbins, matches, and bone fertilizers
5.1.1 Port Detail Veraval Port is a Medium Port that has been in use for Domestic trade. The Anchorage is about 1.5 km offshore and three vessels can work at a time at the anchorage. The governing authority of Veraval Port is Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB). The Port type of Veraval Port is Seaport and the maximum draft level is 9.44 m.
5.1.2 Location and Accessibility The Port is centrally located in the twin towns Veraval – Somnath. The locational coordinates of the Port are 200 54’ 55” N Latitude and 700 21’ 59” E Longitude. The Port is well connected with National Highway (NH-8E) and State Highway (SH-25) at a distance of about 1km and 2 km respectively. The nearest rail head is Veraval station and the nearest Airport is Keshod which is about 50 km away from the port. The nearest Urban Centre is Keshod and is at a distance of about 37km from the Port.
Fig 44: Port Location (GMB, 2014)
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5.1.3 History and Evolution The Port of Veraval was founded by a Rajput, Rao Veravalji Vadher. It was a fortified port owned by the royal Junagadh family until 1953 when their territory was merged with India. Before the Port of Surat emerged, the Port of Veraval was the major stop for pilgrims going to Mecca. Today, the Port of Veraval is home to a large fishing port where fishing boats and sea-going dhows are still built at the shore without any tools beyond a tape measure. The local fishery has always been the town’s dominant industry, and the community of Kharwas (fisher folk) is its largest subpopulation, using traditional trawlers and boats to land their catch. The Port of Veraval also has a healthy
Fig 45: Veraval Port – Phase 1
boat-making industry. Several fish processing factories are located there that export high-quality seafood to the United States, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, and the Gulf. Although started by the Indian government, the modern seafood industry is now flourishing, attracting many importers from around the world. In addition, research centres located in the port have done much to develop the state of Gujarat’s fisheries. One of India’s biggest rayon manufacturers, Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd., is located in the Port of Veraval.
Fig 46: Veraval Port – Phase 2
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5.1.4 Features of Port i.
Harbour Characteristics
Table 11: Harbour Characteristics
Veraval Port is a medium size Port according to Indian standard categorisation of the Ports according to the cargo handling and ancillary activities. This Port is a Domestic Port that handles only the cargo that is being traded internally within the country. (GMB, 2014)
ii.
Water Depth
(GMB, Table 12: 2014) Water Depth
Water Depth is one of the main features of any Port. It decides that capacity and size of the Port. If Water Depth is more heavy and large ships can be anchored near the port. In case of low water depth, the anchorage will be away from the port and the cargo will transported to the main ship in carriage boats. In case of the Veraval Port, the anchorage is located 1.5 km away from the Port. (GMB, 2014)
iii.
Entrance Restrictions There are no entrance restrictions for the Veraval Port. Cargo boats generally execute their activities in the night time, while the fishing boats do their loading and unloading in the day time.
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iv.
Supplies
Table 13: Supplies
In the Veraval Port, there are supplies available for the smooth functions of different activities. These supplies include provisions, deck, water and engines. Fuel oil and diesel oil facilities are not available on the Veraval Port. These two supplies are being procured for the activities from outside the Port. (GMB, 2014)
v.
Loading & Unloading At the Port, only anchor facilities are available. The anchorage is located 1.5 km away from the port. At this anchorage, 3 cargo ships can be anchored at the same time.
vi.
Lifts & Cranes
Table 14: Lifts & Cranes
There are different types of cranes and lifts available in the Port. These are mostly used in the activities related to fishing boat lifting and maintenance. In the monsoon season, when the fishing in the sea is prohibited, the fishing boats are maintained and repaired. For these activities, the fishing boats are lifted from the water bed and placed on the ground. After the maintenance work, the boats are again placed in the waters with the help of these cranes and lifts. (GMB, 2014)
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vii.
Communications
Table 15: Communications
Veraval Port uses various communication equipment for different modes of communication. The different modes include radio, air, radio tel and rail. The fishing boats that go into the sea for fish catch, utilise these modes of communication for communicating with the land and also to acquire information regarding the locations of fish availability.
(GMB, 2014)
5.2 Port Activities 5.2.1 Capacity and Facilities The capacity of port is 2 MMTPA (Million Metric Ton Per Annum). The harbour consists of 2 break waters, Eastern and Western having 440 M and 334 M length respectively. There are 5 Berthing Quays each having 500 M length. There is a Wharf for Fish landing. Veraval Port consists of 5 Finger Jetties each having a length of 100 M. The Port authorities have acquired a Grab Dredger of Bhavanagar and 3 Coles Cranes (Mobile) ranging from 12.5 to 16 Tonne capacity.
5.2.2 Work cycle Most of the Veraval Port is occupied and used for fishing activities. The available capacity of the port is to accommodate 700 boats, whereas the actual usage of the Port has far exceed this capacity. Presently about 3500 fishing boats are using the facilities and infrastructure available at the Port, thereby causing congestion along with over usage of available resources. P a g e | 82
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The Work Cycle of these fishing boats goes as follows. The Fishing Boats return to the Port after about 20-22 days of fish catching in sea. They park these boats wherever they find empty parking space and start unloading the fish. These fishes are either sent to Auction Hall or directly to fish processing industries. In Auction Hall, the highest bidder would get the fish. These fishes are transported to processing industries with the help of Chagdas. After unloading fishes, the fishing boats are completely cleaned of sludge with water. The waste water generated after cleaning the boat is directly disposed into the sea. Boat is again filled with crushed ice, diesel, kerosene and groceries. The fishing boat again goes into the sea for fishing and the process repeats when it returns.
5.2.3 Stakeholders of the port- Organizations i.
GMB (Gujarat Maritime Board) Gujarat Maritime Board was created in 1982 under the Gujarat Maritime Board Act, 1981, to manage, control and administer the minor ports of Gujarat. Inception of Gujarat Maritime Board brought all stakeholders under one roof and resolved the then existing issues in the Port like obsolete technology, low loading rates, congestion and delays, poor connectivity with the hinterland etc. The main responsibility of GMB is facilitating infrastructure for Imports & Exports in Veraval Port. The Ownership of Veraval Port mostly lies in the hands of GMB. More than 67% of land is owned by GMB.
Fig 17: GMB Logo
GMB developed the Port in 2 phases. Phase 1 of the Port was constructed for a holding capacity of 400 fishing and cargo boats. In Phase 2, which was constructed in 1982, the capacity of the Port was increased to 700 fishing and
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Port Activities
cargo boats. But in course of time, the fishing activity extremely flourished in the Port and in present day about 3500 fishing boats are using the infrastructure that was constructed for 700 boats by GMB. The infrastructure that comes under GMB ownership are East Basin, West Basin, Light House and Finger Jetties. Besides providing infrastructure facilities, GMB’s main responsibility of Imports and Exports requires verification and checking of documents. They are as follows
Vessel Registration Certificate
Survey Certificate
Class Certificate
Insurance - Boat and Fishermen
Safety Certificate
Crew List
Port Clearance
Licence - Fishing
The Port area that is under the ownership of GMB is maintained and improved by GMB. GMB collects a sum of Rs. 4000 per annum from each fishing boat for using the Port facilities. GMB has also provided spaces that are leased out for Fish grading, Ice making, net making and ancillary technical services. Generally each leasing plot is of 10 sq. m in area. The revenue generation through the above mentioned activities is about 20 Cr., out of which 10-12 Cr. are generally spent on maintenance and upgradation of the Port. GMB also leases out warehouses and godowns for storage of goods.
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As of present day situation, nothing is being imported in the Veraval port. The only things that are being exported are soda ash, vegetables and wheat. Only Domestic trade vessels are being anchored at a distance of 1.5 km and cargo is being sent there in boats. Domestic trade to the ports of Kochi, Goa and other western Indian ports generally takes place from the Veraval Port.
ii.
GFCCA (Gujarat Fisheries Central Cooperative Association Limited) Gujarat Fisheries Central Co-operative Association Limited (GFCCA) is an apex cooperative body of the fishermen cooperatives in the State of Gujarat. It was established in the year 1956 with financial and administrative support of the Government of Gujarat. GFCCA was established in the Veraval Port under the Fisheries Act 2003, and about 25% of the Port land was given to it for its activities. The main Aim of GFCCA is to look after the social life of the fishermen. The area under the ownership of Fisheries Dept. is maintained and improved by GFCCA. Fisheries department issues boat registration certificates to the fishing boats. As of now 11600 boats have been registered with fisheries department including the fishing boats belonging to Veraval Port, Porbandar Port, Mul Dwaraka Port, etc. As the GFCCA has stopped giving licences to new boats from 2009, the owners of the existing boats are transferring their existing boat licences to newly built boats. Fisheries Department is concerned with marketing of marine fish in wholesale and in retail through its different outlets and mobile vans, for which there exists 3 Auction halls. They supply fishing equipment at economical rate, by providing 50% subsidy on Boat engines and safety equipment. They also aid in mechanization of fishing crafts with suitable engines. GFCCA implements Government schemes and new projects that are related to fish and fishing activities. They P a g e | 85
Port Activities
manufacture and supply various types of fishing nets and twines. In order to increase the production of fish they have increased the size of net from 10 mm to 40 mm so that the small fishes won’t be caught in fish catch. They are also associated a pilot project known as Cage Culture with the help of CIFT, CMFRI and Taiwan, which aims at culturing Lobsters in a safe environment. Fisheries Dept. supplies subsidised diesel for fishing boats. They supply 21000 L of diesel for boats having up to 100 HP capacity engines and 24000 L for the boats having engines above 100 HP per annum by subsidising of Rs.11 per Litre from market price. They furnish subsidised kerosene of 15 L per month for the purpose of cooking for the crew going out for fishing. They endow 85 L of kerosene for pity fishing boats per month at a subsidised price of Rs. 10.5. GFCCA is also concerned with the implementation of Group Accidental Insurance Scheme to the fishermen. They provide a sum of Rs. 2 lakhs for the family of the fisherman in case of accidental death at sea. Fisheries Dept. is trying to develop a voice alert mechanism with collaboration of reliance foundation to aid in better communication and disaster management services. Fisheries Dept. is also engaged in undertaking awareness programme for pollution control at the Veraval Port. GFCCA has employed 12 guards to look after the security issues in the Port area owned by them. The Port area under their maintenance has 2 Public Toilets. They are the only public toilets that are available on the entire Port area. A plan has been devised and is consideration for the development of separate jetties for activities under Fisheries Department. These particular jetties will be in accordance with the EU norms for the fishing ports. The land that is proposed to be reclaimed from behind Jaleswar temple is proposed to be used for this purpose. They have also proposed for the construction of 5 fire stations at the Veraval Port.
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Another important responsibility of the Fisheries Dept. is in issuing Bio-metric identity cards to the fishermen going for fishing. When any fishing boat enters the waters of another country, the fishing boat along with its crew and catch would be confiscated. Then, it is the responsible of the Fisheries Dept. to verify the details of the fishermen in order to bring them back. As of now only 40-50 persons are employed in Fisheries Dept. of Veraval port. The revenue generation of Fisheries Dept. is very minimal. They charge a sum of Rs. 450 for a period of 3 months from the fishing boats. The boats paying the above said sum are eligible to avail the infrastructure facilities provided by the Fisheries Dept. at the Port. The main challenges that are being faced by the Fisheries Dept. are inadequate capacity of the port, pollution and nonownership of fishing jetties. During the time of monsoons, when the fishing activities are prohibited, the parking of these fishing boats is the hugest problem that is being faced by the Fisheries Dept. And also to mention, the manpower that is available with the Fisheries Dept. is very much scanty when compared with the duties and responsibilities that are assigned to them.
iii.
Custom department Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) is a part of the Department of Revenue under the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It deals with the tasks of formulation of policy concerning levy and collection of Customs & Central Excise duties and Service Tax, prevention of smuggling and administration of matters relating to Customs, Central Excise, Service Tax and Narcotics to the extent under CBEC's purview. Fig 48: Customs Dept. Logo
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Port Activities
The main responsibility of Custom department in the Veraval Port is managing and checking exports of the products. The Customs Dept. also issues identity cards to the fishermen. These identity cards are to be used by the fishermen till they are issued Bio-metric ID cards by Fisheries Dept. It is the responsibility of Customs Dept. to verify the fishermen details, in case when the fishermen possess the ID cards issued by Customs Dept., when the fishermen enter another nation’s waters. Shore guard is another entity under Customs Dept. that is responsible for handling issues related to smuggling and export malpractices. The revenue generation of Customs Dept. at the Veraval Port is null, as there are no goods that are being imported at this Port. Customs Dept. also gives Drawback (incentives for Domestic Trade) in order to improve the internal trading.
iv.
Indian Coast Guard and Marine Police The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) is the fourth branch of the armed force of India. Its mission is the protection of India's maritime interests and enforcement of maritime law, with jurisdiction over the territorial waters of India, including its contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone. ICG was formally established on 18 August 1978 as an armed force of the Union (aka BSF, ITBP, CISF) by the Coast Guard Act, 1978. It operates under the Ministry of Defence. The Coast Guard works in close cooperation with the Indian Navy, Department of Fisheries, Department of Revenue (Customs) and the Central and State police forces. The Marine Police of Gujarat was established under the ministry of Home Affairs and works in collaboration with the Indian Coast Guard at the Veraval Port.
Fig 49: Indian Coast Guard Logo
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In the Veraval Port an area of 1.33 acres of land has been acquired by the Indian Coast Guard. The area that comes under 5 nautical miles from the Indian coast comes under the purview of the Marine Police. The waters between 5-24 nautical miles comes under Exclusive Economic Zone and is in the purview of the Indian Coast Guard. The Indian Coast Guard at the Veraval Port possess 2 interceptor boats and 2 interceptor crafts at their disposal. They generally go for patrolling during the night time. They are also responsible for pollution control and oil spill response. The Indian Coast Guards plays a vital role in case of Disasters, but work only when the orders are issued from Central Govt. Marine Police are using the area and the facilities that are under the ownership of the Indian Coast Guard.
5.2.4 Stakeholders of the port – Others i.
Fishermen - Owner and Labour The fishing boats of the Veraval Port are privately owned. Each fishing boat owner would employee 7-8 fishermen, which includes 1 captain, 1 cook and rest to aid in fish catching. These fishermen generally hail from Gujarat (Veraval, Vasna and nearby villages), Kerala and Andhra Pradesh states. Fishermen generally belong to Kharwa and Muslim communities. As fishing activity is operational for 8 months in a year, the employed fishermen generally go back to their hometowns / villages and engage in agricultural activities. Few engage themselves in boat mending, repairs and maintenance for the remaining 4 months of monsoon season.
Fig 50: Fishermen unloading the catch
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There are few fishermen engaged in pity fishing activities. They go into the sea in small boats for a period of 1-2 days and sells their catch in the local market. They procure these boats from the worn out boats which cannot anymore sail for longer periods in the sea. Maximum owners of these fishing boats belong to Kharwa community. Each Owner would own a minimum of 1-2 boats up to a maximum of 8-10 boats. Most of the fish processing industries are owned by fishing boat owners. All the fishermen going for fishing are provided with insurance facility by the boat owners.
ii.
Trade Person – Agent Trade Person (Agent) is a person who acts as a link between fishermen and fish processing industries. He is a person who gives guarantee amount to the boat owners before the boat goes for fishing. After the boat returns, the owner has to give the entire catch to this agent only. This agent weighs the entire catch and in consultation with the boat owner decides the amount to be paid. The agent segregates different species and qualities of fish and auctions it out to the processing industries. Fig 51: Fish Agent
iii.
Trade Person – Industry Trade Person (Industry) is employed by the fish processing industries. The main objective of employing him is to procure fish for processing. He is the one who takes part in the auction activities, deals with the fishermen going for fishing and deals with the agent. His responsibility includes fish quality checking besides price dealing. P a g e | 90
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iv.
Boat Builder Boat building activity is one of the important activities in the Veraval Port. The knowledge of boat building has been traditionally acquired and handed over from generations. The modern techniques of boat building are minimally used in course of construction. The boats built in the Port are 45-60 ft. in length and are built in a period of 3 months. Sal wood and Babul are the types of wood that are generally used in the construction of fishing boats. The wood used for construction of these boats is acquired from Dakor and Gandhidham respectively. The Bolts used in construction are procured from Rajkot and Anglers from Bhavnagar ship breaking yard. The binding material is produced at the construction site itself using kerosene. After the construction of boat, it is thoroughly examined by GFCCA in accordance with their guidelines for fishing boats.
v.
Transport Facilitator Transport facilitator is a person who transports fish from the Port to the fish processing industries, with the help of his Chagda. He also transports ice blocks from ice making industries in the Port to the fishing boats. He is hired by the Trade Person (Industry) to transport the fish which the Trade Person had purchased. Transport facilitator generally charges Rs. 200 per trip from the Port to the GIDC (Fish Processing Industries). Many of the fish processing industries own their own Chagdas and hire drivers to ride them. Fig 52: Chakda Person
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vi.
Ice Maker Ice Maker is a person who is responsible for the manufacturing of ice. This ice is loaded in the Fishing boats to keep the fish fresh after the catch. Ice blocks that are being manufactured in the ice making factories generally weigh between 60-100 kgs each. These ice block making industries are distributed throughout the Port. These are situated on the land that is being leased from GMB. Chagdas are used for transporting ice blocks from industries to the fishing boats. The water that is used for ice block preparation is procured in water tanks as water facilities are not available in the Port. The preparation of ice blocks takes about 48 hours.
vii.
Net Weaver Net Weaver is the persons who is responsible for the preparation of fish catching nets. These nets are generally made of nylon. The sizes of these nets vary from 100-150 ft. and are made in accordance & requirements of the fishermen. The spacing between the consecutive threads in these fishing nets is in accordance with the guidelines issued by the GFCCA. Net Weavers take 2-3 days for weaving a single net. They are also engaged in repairing the damaged net. They use the leased Port land that belongs to GMB for their activities.
Fig 53: Net Weaver
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viii.
Mechanic – In the Port Mechanic is responsible for repairing the damaged mechanical parts of the fishing boats. The workshops of these mechanics are distributed throughout the Port on the land that is leased out by GMB. They engage themselves in repairing the old faulty boat motors and selling them out for pity fishing boats.
Fig 54: Person repairing boat
ix.
Eatery & Grocery Providers Eatery and Grocery providers are those persons who are providing eatery and groceries at the Veraval Port. The eatery outlets that are available at the Port include tea, pan, fast food etc. These outlets are distributed throughout the Port. The grocery outlets that are also present throughout the Port and they supply all the required groceries and vegetables that would be required in the boat which goes out for fishing. Before a fishing boat leaves, it stocks up all the required materials required for cooking at the sea. These outlets are located on the land
Fig 55: Eatery
that is being leased out by the GMB.
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x.
Crane facilitator and Maintenance Crane facilitator is the person who provides crane for lifting the fishing boats from water and transferring them on to the ground for the purpose of maintenance and repair. Maintenance person would have the responsibility of maintenance of the fishing boats, once they are on the ground. The maintenance work of the fishing boats includes painting and replacement of damaged parts. After maintenance the fishing boats would once again be lifted and places in the waters. Crane facilitator would usually charges Rs. 3500 for lifting a boat once.
xi.
Fig 56:2 Crane in operation
General labour General Labour includes all those persons who engage in activities other than those listed above. The activities in which these persons involve includes fish grading, ice crushing and filling in the boats, water tank provides, etc.
xii.
Interactions between the organizations Fig 57: Labour crushing ice
Veraval Port is an area in where the responsibilities of different authorities go hand in hand. The main areas of conflict the Port is between GMB and GFCCA. GMB owns 67% of the entire Port land and is supposed to be using this land for improving Trade and cargo handling. But these areas are being used by the fishing boats for fishing related activities. These fishing activities come under the purview of GFCCA, which owns about 20% of the entire port area.
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The fishing boats which are using the facilities that are being provided by the GMB are supposed to pay a sum of Rs. 4000 per annum to GMB. But most of the fishing boats doesn’t pay this sum. Thereby GMB is probing the Fisheries Dept. for the payment this amount in order to maintain the infrastructure in the part of the Port under GMB’s ownership. But the Fisheries Dept. is unable to disperse this amount as its revenue sources are very minimal and limited. Hence GMB is not maintaining and upgrading the infrastructure such as Roads, Jetties, etc. This an important reason for the Veraval Port not to improve at pace with the other Ports, in terms of Physical infrastructure.
5.3 Infrastructure in the Port The physical and social amenities that are available in the Port for different activities and under various organisations are being studied as Port Infrastructure for the present context.
5.3.1 Physical The study of physical Infrastructure available at the Veraval Port can be understood under different heads. The heads under which the study was done includes water supply, waste water, solid waste, electricity, public toilets, drainage and modes of internal commute.
i.
Water supply In the Port, there are no facilities available for supply of water. The water that is being used for different activities is brought to the Port in water tanks. The amount paid for these water tanks is fixed. The water that is brought through these tanks is mainly used for ice block making and ship cleaning processes. P a g e | 95
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ii.
Solid Waste There is no solid waste management or waste removal system available in the Port. All the waste that is produced from different Port activities is directly being disposed of into the sea. The main waste generation activity is fish grading. Most of the waste that is produced at the Port consist of organic waste from fish grading and plastic wastes.
iii.
Electricity Electricity is adequately available in the Port. The electrical lines are laid out to almost all corners of the port. Electricity to the Veraval Port is being supplied by Gujarat Electricity Board. The electrical bills of the areas under different ownerships are paid by their respective owners.
iv.
Public Toilets In the entire port area, there are only 2 Public toilets. These 2 are located in the area owned by the Fisheries Dept. The area under GMB are not provided with any such facilities. The 2 public toilets are being maintained by the Fisheries Dept. and there is another proposal for the construction of 5 new public toilets by the Fisheries Dept. in their area.
Fig 58: Public toilet
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v.
Drainage There does not exist any drainage, sewage or storm water lines in the entire Veraval Port. All the waste water that is generated is directly being disposed of into the sea. The main waste water producing activities in the Port are Ice block making and fishing boat cleaning.
vi.
Modes of internal commute Fig 59: Waste being released into the sea from GIDC
There is no defined parking space for vehicles in the entire port. The vehicles are being parked randomly in accordance with the activities. The internal roads in the Port are fairly of good condition. Chagdas are the main source of internal commute in the Port, besides private vehicles.
5.3.2 Social i.
Communal Composition In the Veraval Port, there are fishermen belonging to different parts of Gujarat as well as India. These migrant fishermen are generally employed by the fishing boat owners, as boat crew. These migrant fishermen, stay aboard on the fishing boats for a period of 8 months. During the monsoon season, when fishing is strictly prohibited, they go back to their hometowns and engage in agriculture related activities. The local fishermen communities engage themselves in boat maintenance and repair works during this off-season. The migrant population mostly belongs to the states of Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. The migrants from Gujarat mostly hail from Vasna and its surrounding villages. P a g e | 97
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ii.
Health facilities There are no emergency health care facilities available at the Port. In case of any accident or unfortunate incident, the causalities are taken to the nearest hospitals. As all the fishermen working in the Veraval would be insured by the fishing boat owner, these fishermen needn’t spend much at the hospital from his own pocket.
iii.
Safety and Security There are 12 GISFS guards stationed at different parts of the Port to look after the security issues related to different activities of the Port. Besides these guards, GMB and GFCCA also have appointed few guards in the areas under their ownership to execute the same task. The appointed security guards by different authorities are highly inadequate with regard to the size of the Port and the scale of its activities. The Indian Coast Guard and Marine Police doesn’t engage themselves with the issues of the Port activities.
iv.
Disaster Management There doesn’t exist any department that would be solely responsible for the Disaster Management of the Port. In case of disasters, GMB, GFCCA, the Indian Coast Guard and Marine Police would work together, each having their own responsibilities and areas of concern.
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5.4 Comparison with Other Ports 5.4.1 Okha Port Okha Port is an all-weather Port with direct berthing facilities. It is situated on the north-west coast of Saurashtra Peninsula, at the mouth of the Gulf of Kutch on the western coast of India. This Port has both the Indian Coast Guard as well as the Indian Navy protecting the sea border. Import - Export business is being carried out on a large scale from this Port. The cargo mainly consists of coal, aluminium ore, raw bauxite and chemicals. The capacity of the Okha Port is 4 MMTPA. Okha Port is well connected to different parts of the state and nearby cities. The Port is well connected with National Highway (NH – 8E) that is about 28km from the Port and State Highway (SH – 6A). Broad gauge railway line is directly connected to the Port. The nearest Urban Centre is Jamnagar, which is about 105 km away from the Port. The nearest airport facility is also located in Jamnagar at about 175 km from the Port.
5.4.2 Bhavnagar Port Bhavnagar Port is an all-weather direct berthing port for small vessels. It is located in the Gulf of Cambay on the western coast of India. The Port has a Lock gate for the tidal advantage. This Port has the Indian Coast Guard protecting the sea border. Import – Export is being carried out on a large scale from this Port. The cargo mainly consists of scrap, coal, fertilisers and salt. The capacity of the Bhavnagar Port is 2 MMTPA. Bhavnagar Port is well connected to different parts of the state and nearby cities. The Port is well connected with National Highway (NH – 8E) that is about 9 km away and State Highway (SH – 36) is about 8 km away from the Port. Broad gauge
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railway line is directly connected to the Port. The nearest Urban Centre is Bhavnagar, which is about 10 km away from the Port. The nearest Airport facility is also located in Bhavnagar at about 5 km from the Port.
5.4.3 Comparison with the Veraval Port Table 16: Comparison with other GMB Ports
(GMB, 2014)
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5.5 Conclusion The Veraval Port is a Fair weather Port with a capacity of 2MMTPA. The main activity that is taking place in this Port is fishing. Ancillary fishing activities and boat building are other important activities on the Port. These activities are flouring in the Port mainly due to the ready market that is locally available for the fish catch from the Fish Processing Industries located in the Port and in the GIDC area. More than 70% of the Veraval city’s population is directly or indirectly employed in the Port related activities. The Port is strategically located in the sandy part of the Veraval coast, so as to facilitate smooth movement of the boats. It is well connected to different parts of the city and state through various modes of commute and transportation routes. This connectivity in turn facilitates and helps in exports and internal trade. The infrastructure facilities that are available in the Port are highly inadequate for the capacity it is being used. The lack of some of the important infrastructure facilities like drainage and water supply lines are affecting both the fish catch and trade. Besides the above said, lack of infrastructure facilities are also increasing the cost of fishing as the facilities like water are being purchased for the regular use of fishing boats. Most of the infrastructure related issues are the outcome of conflicts of responsibilities and authorities between different organisational authorities. Pollution is another important issue of concern for the Veraval Port. The industrial effluents from the fish processing industries, located in the GIDC, area are directly being disposed of into the sea without proper treatment. The fish cleaning and fishing boat cleaning also add to this pollution issue. Despite all the above mentioned issues of concern, the fishing industry in the Veraval Port is flourishing. Fisheries Dept. is a major role player for this increase in fishing to take place. This department not only aids the fishermen, they also take measures in increasing the fish wealth in the sea. They provide accidental insurance to all the registered fishermen and also provide subsidised fuels like diesel and kerosene. P a g e | 101
6.1
Fishing at Veraval
6.2
Fisheries in Veraval
6.3
Demographic Data
6.4
Fish Cycle
6.5
Fishermen
6.6
Fishing Equipment
6.7
Fish Trading
6.8
Physical & Socio – Economic Background at Port
6.9
Stakeholders in Fisheries
6.10 Institutions 6.11 Conclusion 6.12 Issues of Concern
6. FISHING AND FISH PROCESSING OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The objective of our group is to understand the Fishing Activity of Veraval-Patan. It includes understanding the fishing cycle at the port and fish processing cycle at the Industries located in GIDC area.
Research methodology The study is exploratory in nature. The Winter school started with a desk study towards understanding of Veraval-Patan and Somnath as a city and its importance in Administrative areas, Demography, Transportation linkages, Climatic zones, Tourism by doing desktop study in the workshop. Later the Groups were split up and concentrate on the Sectoral Study (FISHING AND FISHING PROCESSING CYCLE) the relevance to the city, and its GDP contribution in terms of export. Structure of the fieldwork inventory (refer annex 6.i) When the Veraval – Patan was reached, on the very first we tried to understand the city and its key determinants (geographical location) which play a role in the functioning of the town. Profile of the interview respondents (refer annex 6.ii) Later we had meeting with Mr. Ramesh Chopakar (Ex-Industrialist in GIDC), and had an interaction session with Mr. Rayan Shastri of the (Municipal Officer) , we also met Mr. A.J. Dodiya of the (Gujarat Maritime Board). Later towards our sectional study we met Prof. Vaghera( Fisheries College, Veraval) had interactive session about the preprocessing cycle and its post processing activities. The next step was to divide ourselves into groups of 2 and 3 in nos. (out of
Fishing And Fish Processing
5 people) and Sub group - 1 had an interesting discussion with Scientist K.MohammedKoya ARS (CMFRI) and also met Dr. AshisJhia (CIFT) and discussed ideas and new technology in this Sector. The sub-group-2 get to meet Industrialist Mr. Anil Fafoondi and understand the Fish processing cycle and later the team went on to MPEDA and Group went on to do a Household survey at Jhaleshwar As a group we went to Fish landing center and had a conversation with Mr. Mahadev( Fishermen at Veraval port) and understand the fish landing process (before loading to Industries) Then we also on experience on the Mariculture, where we could get to go in the Boat towards Somnath from Veraval (CMFRI Harbour) accompanied by Technical Person and we could see the complete process. On return to the studio from the field work, we compiled all the data try to identify the issues of concern in the Fishing and fish processing sector. The analysis is interpretive and descriptive in nature. The understanding of our group about fishing and fish processing activity are described in this section.
6.1
Fishing at Veraval
6.1.1 Introduction to Fishing Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Aquatic environments are home to countless species of fish and invertebrates, most of which are consumed as food.
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6.1.2 Background & History of fishing Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago. Archaeology features such as shell middens , discarded fish bones and cave paintings show that sea foods were important for survival and consumed in significant quantities. During this period, most people lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and were, of necessity, constantly on the move. However, where there are early examples of permanent settlements (though not necessarily permanently occupied) such as those at LepenskiVir, they are almost always associated with fishing as a major source of food
6.1.3 Background in India During 19th century, the fisheries was the only source of sustenance for a segment of the population living in the coastal region, and on the banks of river, lakes and canals in India. Fishing is general was a hereditary profession carried on from generation to generation with almost all the members of the family taking part in it to varying degree. The socio economic condition of fishermen was very poor. The fishermen belonged to lowest stratum of society and fishing was generally regarded as one of the meanest of all trades and profession 6.1.4 Importance of Fishing Fishing is one of the oldest occupations of man and learnt fishing much before he could learn something about agriculture. Fishing has assumed much importance in view of the rapidly growing population and depleting land resources. Fish also provides protein rich food and is also a big source of vitamin A, B, and D.
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Before the rise of Surat, Veraval was the major seaport for pilgrims to Mecca. Its importance now is as a fishing port, one of the largest in India. Sea going dhows and wooden fishing boats are still being built by the Fishermen's without the use of any high-tech Machines. Traditional skills are passed down from father to son. About 25 km from the Veraval a historical place is located at Savani village.
6.2
Fisheries in Veraval
Fisheries have always been the main industries in the town and are dominated by the Kharwas (fisher folk). The fishing is done mostly on boats and trawlers. Veraval also has a boat making industry. Veraval is home to a large number of fish processing factories in G.I.D.C which export prime quality seafood to USA, Japan, SE Asian, Gulf and EU Countries. The average annual contribution of Veraval to the landings of Gujarat is about 32%. Veraval has two landing points viz. Veraval Old Lighthouse (VRL OLH) and Veraval Bhidya.A, Japan, SE Asian, Gulf and EU Countries. The seafood-industry was started through government of the Gujarat initiative and many importers are attracted towards Veraval from around the globe. At Veraval landing Centre there are different type of Chilled storages are available, they are using different materials for constructions of chilled storages. All the Chilled storages are made by traditionally materials &also they using material for fish hold are also traditionally or out dated.
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Legend: 1. Jaleshwa r Village 2. Veraval old Satellite 3. Veraval Bhidia
Fig. 0-1. Location of fishing activities in Veraval
6.3
Demographic Data
Demographic data includes the number of families included in the fishing, families below poverty line in the Veraval Bhidiya, Veraval old light House. Demographic data also includes the family size and sex ratio, their education level of the people.as we can see that Veraval old light house area has more families as compared to Jaleshwar and Veraval Bhidiya area as we can see from the table 1 given below.
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Fishing And Fish Processing
Table 6-1: Families Involved In the Fish Activities
Village Name
Marketing Of The Fish
Fishermen Families
Traditional Fishermen Families
BPL Families
Fisher folk Population
Male
Female
Jaleshwar
0
243
Veraval Bhidiya
3
19
1171
1171
4
8447
Veraval Old Light
192
549
3074
3074
49
14947
277
2842
15613
15284
2175
92076
62231
59469
15784
336181
House Junagadh Total Gujarat Total Source: Census of Marine
6.3.1 Family Size and Sex Ratio of Veraval Veraval Bhidiya has more family size as compared to Veraval old light House. Male children in the Veraval region is dominating than female children i.e. 5221 male adults as compared to 4839 female adults as we can see from table below. Table 6-2: Family Size and Sex Ratio of Veraval and Gujarat
Village Name
Male Children
Female Children
Adult
Up to
Above
5 Yrs.
5 Yrs.
Adult
Up to
Above
5 Yrs.
5 Yrs.
Total
Avg. Family Size
Sex Ratio ( Females Per 1000 Males )
Jaleshwar
330
138
169
296
124
132
1189
7.43
867
Veraval Bhidiya
2850
425
1084
2604
456
1028
8447
7.21
938
Veraval Light House
5221
501
2118
4839
492
1776
14947
4.86
907
Junagadh Total
28023
6481
13846
26206
5815
11705
92076
5.90
904
Gujarat Total
102281
22152
50994
96097
20937
43720
336181
5.40
916
Source: Census of Marine Life
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6.3.2 Education Status Higher secondary are more as compared to the primary .Junagadh total has good literacy level of the people. Males are more educated than females. (i.e. 1448 males as compared to 822 females) Table 6-3: Education Level of the People
Name Of The Village
Primary
Higher Secondary
Above Higher Secondary
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Jaleshwar
54
63
9
8
0
0
Veraval Bhidiya
837
732
1448
955
129
25
1230
1208
1350
852
208
82
Junagadh Total
10638
8982
7978
4689
822
236
Gujarat Total
35427
30906
32174
23266
4157
2045
Veraval
Old
Light
House
Source: Census of Marine Life
6.3.3 Marine fishermen household and population Junagadh is famous for fishermen families as Somnath and Veraval has large business activities and industries of the fish processing and its storage. 10,000 people of the town are involved in the fish activities as maximum export to other countries are done from Veraval only.
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Source: Census of Marine Life
I.
Distribution of fishing allied activities of Veraval
Veraval- Somnath is famous for the business of exporting the fishes to the different countries. Thirty five percent of the marketing of the fish happens here. Repairing net is also famous in Veraval. The nets are used for catching of the fishes.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISHING ALLIED ACTIVITIES 1%
3%
MARKETING OF THE FISH
36%
35%
16%
MARKETING/ REPAIRING NET PEELING
9% Source: Census of Marine Life
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II.
Distribution occupied fisher folk of Veraval
In Veraval, 55% are fishermen and maximum fish marketing is done. Only 3% people are involved in other activities such as, tourism, small scale business, etc.
DISTRIBUTION OCCUPIED FISHERFOLK ACTIVE FISHERMEN
3% 3%
13%
1%
FISH SEED COLLECTION
1%
MARKETING OF FISH
6% 55%
MARKETING /REPAIRING NET
13% 5%
CURING/ PROCESSING
Source: Census of Marine Life
6.3.4 Economic benefits of fishing Fishing in India contributed over 1 percent of India's annual gross domestic product in 2008. In Gujarat, only Junagadh district (in southern Saurashtra) produced 40.08 per cent of the total marine fish landed in 2002-03. 10,000 families are engaged in fishing business in Veraval.
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6.4
Fish Cycle
Entire set of processes and activities required To produce a product then deliver it to a target market is considered as supply chain. The entire chain goes from oceans or farms to hands, chopsticks and forks. The fishermen head to the ocean for different span of time and at different times of the day. On return the catch is brought to the port landings. The catch then soughed and auctioned. The premium quality fishes are sold to the industries and leftover fishes are sold into the local market. The auctioned
fishes
are
transported
to
the
industries where it is processed and packaged after which it is exported to different destinations. Fig 6-2: Fish Cycle
Fishing – Catching – Sorting – Transportation
Medium Quality fishes Local market - Consumer Quality fish Packing – Export– Consumer P a g e | 111
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6.5 I.
Fishermen Fishing and Fishermen Community
Fishing is a hereditary profession carried on from generation to generation with almost all the members of the family taking part in it to varying degree. The socio economic condition of fishermen was very poor. The fishermen belonged to lowest stratum of society and fishing is regarded as one of the meanest of all trades and profession.
In the society fishing communities occupies a low status. Majority of fishermen belong to an economically weaker section and follow traditional methods of fishing employing indigenous crafts and gears. Several factors such as low social status, poor economic conditions, illiteracy, heavy leaning on midde -men, traditional fishing equipments and methods of filing, low production rate and income influence the low socio-economic conditions of fishermen. And coming to Veraval it is the largest fishing processing zone in Gujarat. While the coast line is dotted with fishing villages and almost 70% of population is in to Fishing. The geographical location of fishermen is spread over the Veraval from the past. The Fishermen population of about 4000 concentrated in only Veraval Taluka, with a population of about 25000. The fishermen communities are spread over the Veraval and surrounding Districts.The dominated Fishing community are, Rajput Kharawa, KoliKharawa (They are also known by their sub-castes, such as, MoilaKoli, GhediaKoli, GhoghaliyaKoli, etc) , Harijans and Machhiyara (Muslim community)
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The fishermen who hailed from the Local areas and the migrated population of fishermen is also identified. The fishermen from different parts of the country viz., Kerala Orrisa, Assam and Tamilnadu are spotted mostly in the fish processing industries, located in GIDC area of Veraval. II.
Gender participation Female:
According to the 1997 livestock census, female fishers in Gujarat constituted 49 per cent in the total population. Women workers constitute 35 per cent of the total number of active fishers. They take part in shore-based activities, such as, unloading, cleaning and sorting the fish, selling part of the fresh fish in the local markets as well drying them, and loading the boats with ice, salt, nets, food, etc. Migrant female workers, from Kerala work in the processing unit.
6.6
Fishing Equipment
Jaleshwar have 92 out boards with Bidia and Veraval Old light house of 4 and 315 respectively Whereas people in Bhidia have 10 Non- motorized boats and People in Veraval Old light house have 146 nos. of Non- motorized boats
Fig 6-3 Fishing Gear & Boat Accessories
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6.6.1 Types of Fishing Boats The people of fishermen’s organization in Veraval fact said an important factor that it was costly to operate trawlers because of the relatively higher operational cost involved in long-distance. Fishing and equally costly to keep them idle because of the high capital cost (of Rs. 12-15 lakhs per boat). But OBM (motorised) boats enjoy greater flexibility because of the relatively lower operational as well as capital costs. Motorised boats use kerosene as fuel and such a boat can be bought at one-fourth the capital cost of a trawler. They can be used for fishing for a day at a timeonly. IBM (inboard machine) boats can alternatively use trawl-nets and gill-nets, which can be taken out for fishing for four-five days.
6.7
Fish Trading
Veraval has two landing points viz. Veraval Old Lighthouse (VRL OLH) and Veraval Bhidia. When boat lands on jetty the fishes are removed fish hold to cartons. The landed fishes are transported towards the middlemen. For transportation they are using Rickshaw. Chilled storages are the temporary structures that hold the fishes before transported them to processing plants. At Veraval landing Centre there are different type of Chilled storages are available. The primary objective of any handling method is to preserve quality of fish by bringing down temperature near 0 oc – 4oc as quickly as possible. The factors such as delay in handling and chilling the catch, poor temperature control in fish hold, damages from rough handling, poor standards of bleeding, gutting & washing of fish and mechanical damages due to overfilling of the material have deteriorates effects on the quality of fish & result in reduction of shelf- life & loss of weight.
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So to keep fish fresh & earn good money from them they need to be chilled storages have some good storage facilities, good quality ice & water, well infrastructure facilities, Transportation facility & skilled workers. Middle men at Veraval Total 180no’s of chilled storage are located at Veraval OLH area. All chilled storage is traditional type locally called as “Danga”. Around 150 no’s of chilled storage is present at jetty area. Both sides of road and nearly 30 no’s chilled storage are situated in small-small group near old lighthouse. Chilled storage is divided in two areas at Bhidiya Harbor Table 6-4 Concentration of Middle men at Veraval town
Area
No.
Jetty Area
150
Old Lighthouse Area
30
Total
180
Middle-men at Veraval Harbor Total 148no’s of chilled storages are located at Bhidiya Harbor. Chilled storage is divided in three areas at Bhidiya Harbor. Table 6-5 Concentration of Middle men at Veraval Harbor
Area
No.
Near Deepmala marine export
54
Auction halls
69
Near Gopal fisheries
25
Total
148
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Fig 6-4 Location of Local activities
Players in the Local fishing process (2012)
6.7.1 Marketing fish A fish market is a marketplace used for marketing fish products. It can be dedicated to wholesale trade between fishermen and fish merchants, or to the sale of seafood to individual consumers, or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of wet market, often sell street food as well.
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Fish-marketing channels Domestic markets and distribution of fish are dominated by a large number of intermediaries. All fish traded internally and for export pass through private channels. Fish distribution usually involves four levels.
1. Primary markets Markets located in villages, district headquarters or at a crossroads are considered primary markets or within in the short distance from the landing area. 2. Secondary markets The Beparies take the fish bought from the Nikaries/fishermen/primary markets/landing points to the nearest Upazila or riverport markets by road, river or rail to sell to wholesalers or through Aratdars.
3. Higher secondary markets From secondary markets/fish assembly points, Beparies bring fish to the higher secondary markets serving large areas of consumer/terminal markets. The higher secondary market may consist of one or more wholesale markets or centres, where Aratdars deal in fish..
4. City or terminal markets Paikers/retailers buy fish from wholesaling centres of higher secondary and secondary markets. They sell fish directly to consumers either through fixed stalls or by vending from head/rickshaws. From the start of the distribution channel for fish - at the secondary markets to the city or terminal markets -
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Marketing Channel
Table 6-6 Fish Landing details
Fig 6-5 Marketing channel
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Fig 6-6 Process of Fishing (Post fishing to pre loading to Industries)
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Table 6 -7 : Catch Availability At Fish Landing Centre Veraval
Name of fishing village
Veraval
Name of boatman
Mahadev
Reg. No. of boat
GJ-15-MM-002797
Length overall (LOA)
13.11 MT
Gross tonnage
33.35
Registered tonnage
29.00
Gear
Trawl net
Operation
Trawling
Capacity of engine
105 HP
Mesh size
2 cm coded(10-200 wing)
Number of crew
08 no.
Number of fishing days
15 days
Diesel capacity
2200 lit.
Catch composition :
Weight (in kg.)
Ribbon fish
1 ton
Squid
200 kg
Bull’s eye
300kg
Croaker spp.
250 kg
Pomfret
2-3 no.
Tuna
500 kg
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Table 6 -8 : Statistical data on Fisher men comparative analysis
Sl
Description
Jaleshwar
Veraval bhidia
Veraval Old light house
Junagadh
1
Fishermen Families
1%
8%
20%
15613
Tradiitonal Fishermen
1%
8%
20%
15284
Fisherfolk population
1%
9%
16%
92076
Actual fishing fulltime
1%
10%
18%
21052
Actual fishing part time
0%
0%
0%
1630
Fish seeding collection
0%
0%
5%
44
3
Active Fishermen
1%
11%
18%
22726
4
Marketing of fish
8%
1%
24%
3119
Making/Reparing net
0%
1%
239%
280
Curing/processing
0%
23%
24%
287
Peeling
0%
48%
23%
3194
Labour
0%
8%
27%
7884
Others
0%
14%
58%
120
Others fishing
0%
18%
1%
163
Hindus
0%
8%
22%
14221
Islam
12%
0%
0%
1390
Others
0%
0%
0%
2
SC/ST
0%
0%
0%
200
Members in Fisheries Co-operative Male
0%
13%
11%
2334
Members in Others Co-operatives Female
0%
80%
4%
252
Mechanized
0%
9%
23%
2219
Outboard
4%
0%
0%
2222
Non-Motorized
0%
3%
40%
365
2
5
6
7
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6.8
Physical & Socio – Economic Background at Port
6.8.1 Housing The acute problem of housing facilities facing the fishermen who live in congested areas of the beach under unhygienic environment susceptible to all sorts of diseases. They live in Kachha houses with 4 – 5 houses clubbed together forming a central open space. This space is used for drying of their Fishing nets and relaxing and common community interaction. 6.8.2 Dispensaries and community amenities The fishermen in the coastal areas are subject to all kinds of diseases, as proper sanitation and medical facilities are not available in these areas. Community amenities such as drinking water, wells, latrines, common path-ways and community halls have been provided in some of the colony sites, but majority of the coastal fishing villages are without such amenities and not maintained 6.8.3 Approach Roads Fishing industries have good approach of roads with the technology up gradation. But fishing community pockets (internal roads) are not directly approachable and Fish being a perishable commodity, quick transport is imperative to fetch good prices to the producer fishermen
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6.8.4 Education and Training Considering the low socio-economic status of fishermen, scholarships to students belonging to fishermen communities to pursue post-matric studies is under implementation in some of the States. However, due to paucity of funds only a limited number of children are benefited under this program. More than 50% of Fishing community population are educated in Veraval and there forth generation are into other White collared jobs such as MBA, Engineering and some of them as well seen in Fishing Research Institutes. Fishermen also trained with new technologies and training programs conducted by CMFRI and CIFT frequently in Fish catching technology modern equipments and local preservation technology as well. 6.8.5 Community Based Organizations’ and Association Fishing communities in Gujarat have their relatively strong community-based organisations (CBOs), known as caste panchayats. For example, the caste panchayat of Hindu Kharwas of Veraval is considered to be very strong. It is an elected body of the representatives of different segments of Kharwas of Veraval and headed by the chief, known locally as patel. Four chovatias assist the patel. They meet every morning and evening in their office in a temple. Similarly, trawl-boat owners as well as owners of motorised boats have their associations. Office bearers of these associations hold regular meetings in their offices and help their inmates on several individual as well as collective issues related to fishing.
6.8.6 Cooperatives 572 Fishermen in Veraval Taluka are Members in Fisheries cooperative out of 2334 of Junagadh District Approximately 25% of Fishermen are in Members of Junagadh district and 212 Fishermen in other cooperatives P a g e | 123
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6.8.7 Trans-boundary issues Arrest of Fishermen The above situation, on both the sides of Exclusive Economic Zones of India and Pakistan have aggravated interception fishing and the arrest of fishermen of both the countries by their coast guards. Hundreds of fishermen spend months and years in the jails as ‘prisoners without wars’. They are often released after some political settlement, but without boats. During a talk with the leaders of fishermen’s organisation in Veraval , some of the boat owners, who can afford, go up to what they call ‘Kargil’ area (understandably in the Pakistan waters) in search of fish. If they
6.9
Stakeholders in Fisheries
6.9.1 Industries The number of fish processing industries are 27, Freezing and Manufacturing are 53.
GIDC Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC) was established under the Gujarat Industrial Development Act, with a goal of accelerating industrialization in the state of Gujarat, India. Main role of the GIDC is to identify locations suitable for industrial development and create industrial estates with infrastructure such as roads, drainage, electricity, water supply, street lights, and ready-to-occupy factory sheds. The infrastructure of certain estates has been built for specific industries.
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Fig 6-7 Location of GIDC Fishing Industries
Major Activities Major activities performed by the workers manually in the industries — included grading, sorting, peeling and packaging. The analysis found that most of the workers were women not more than 25 years of age.
Fish Processing and Case Study of Veraval Industries On Site: Case Study - 1 Hinkishan Industry (PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED FOR SURIMI PRODUCTION) P a g e | 125
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1. COMPANY INTRODUCTION We visited HinKishan Pvt. Limited, Veraval to observe and get knowledge about Surimi production. Surimi refers to a paste made from fish or other meat, as well as multiple Asian foods that use surimi as its primary ingredient. 2. EXPERIENCE
SELECTION OF RAW MATERIAL
Various species of fish used for Surimi production such as Rani fish (Nemipterus spp.) Dora (Priacanthus spp.) (Kinmedai) Bhunger (Saurida spp.) Turi (Johnius spp.) Dhoma (Johnius spp.) Jeera (Sphyraenaspp) Bagga (Trichurus spp.) For Surimi production meat should be white so fishes having white meat suitable for making Surimi. The raw material
selected for Surimi production are:
Cheap
Easily available
More flesh
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Fig 6-8 Surmi production process
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Literature Study 1: DEEPMALA FOODS PVT. LTD., VERAVAL 1. COMPANY INTRODUCTION The Deepmala groups of companies establish in Veraval and Mr. JagdishbhaiFofandi is founder and chairman of Deepmala group of companies. It is one of the leading Exporter company successfully running in Veraval. 2. EXPERIENCE INTRODUCTION It has a total 2 unit in Veraval, unit - at harbor (Deepmala marine export) and at GIDC Deepmala foods. In unit-II processed mostly shellfish only. They are exporting their product in EU.
3. COMPANY POLICY
HACCP
Deepmala group of companies Quality
CGMP
management work under this three
SSOP
type of Policy
HACCP (Hazard analysis critical control point) is a logically, practically, common sense technique used to control food safety hazard worldwide in the food processing industry.
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It is an important safety management system and can be interpreted in to any operation.
This is not zero risk system, but it is designed for minimizing the risk of food safety hazard.
HACCP system built up on the CGMP(Current good manufacture practice) and SSOP(Sanitation standard operating procedure )
A combination of these two prerequisite programme (CGMP and SSOP) with HACCP makes up to deliver safe products to consumer.
HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)
Hazard – any biological, chemical or physical property that may be expected to cause an unacceptable health risk to consumers if present in the product
Biological – bacteria, microorganism and parasites
Chemical – natural toxins, and chemical contaminants (pollutants, pesticides, sanitizers)
Physical – glass, stones, metal
Risk – an estimate of the likelihood of the occurrence of a hazard
Severity of risk – the seriousness of a hazard if not properly controlled (e.g., metal or toxic )
Critical control point (CCP) – a specific point in a process where control can be applied to eliminate or reduce the risk of a hazard to an acceptable level
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CGMP (Current good manufacture practice) Some of important considered point involve in CGMP A) Building and facilities o Location o Premises o Building o Changing room o Raw material receiving section
o Toilet Facility o Sanitary Facility o Water Facility C) Personal hygiene D) ETP plant E) Utensils and Equipment
o Pre-processing section o Processing section
F) Production and process control
o Freezing section
o Raw material receiving section
o Utensils washing section
o Pre-processing section
o Cold storage
o Processing section
o Block ice plant ,flake ice plant ,and ice room
o Freezing section
o Laboratory
o Packing section
B) Sanitary Facility and control
Raw Material
o Sources of water
Cat fish, shark, mackerel, lizard fish, eel, sting ray, sole fish,
o Sewage disposal
croaker and ribbon fish are dried here.
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Fig 6-9 Manufacture process in Industries
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Dry salting method they follow is as under
Fig 6-10 Dry Salt process and methods
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Fish Meal Plant Masking According To Protein Level Fishmeal Was Graded.
Table 6-9 Fish meal Composition Grade A
Sr. No.
COMPOSITION
%
1.
Protein
45
2.
Moisture
10-12
3.
Sand/silt
5
4.
Salt
5
Table 6-10 Fish meal compostition Grade B
Sr. No.
COMPOSITION
%
1.
Protein
35
2.
Moisture
10-15
3.
Sand/silt
8-10
4.
Salt
5
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EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT It is located separately in the premises in which sewage water is treated as follows: a)
Screening tank: sewage is passed through the stainless steel screen.The solid wastes ad solid wastes and sand particles are collected in these chambers.
b)
Equilisation tank: effluent from screening tank is allowed to flow through equilisation tank where it is allowed to equalize pH & other parameter.
c)
Aeration tank: sewage is passed through activated sludge and aerated by providing compressed air through air sparer system. In this COD and BOD of effluent is normalized.
d)
Hopper bottom settling tank: aerated sewage is allowed to settle off its sludge along with suspended solid particles and sludge is recycled to aeration tank. Settled sediment is disposed.
e)
Disposal: so treated effluent is allowed drain to the common drainage system of the Veraval industrial association in GIDC.
CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant(CETP) of sea food industries. The treatment scheme consists of waste screening, Oil & Grease Removal, Equalization to equalize the waste in terms of flow & strength, Treatment in UASB (Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor) followed by Activated Sludge Process (Aeration Tank & Secondary Clarifier).
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6.9.2 QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF EXPORTS EXPORT TRENDS The export of marine products From Veraval has steadily grown over the years - from Rs.3.92 crore
in 1961-62 to
Rs. 16597.23 crore in 2011-12. DETAILED EXPORT DATA OF FISH VERAVAL Table 6-11 A503 EXPORT SHIPMENT RECORDS FOUND
Sl. No.
Destination
Quantity ( kGS )
1.
Thailand
28,000
2.
Vietnam
3,27,400
3.
China
1,57,880
4.
Spain
19,616
5.
United state
21,000
6.
Malaysia
23,656
7.
Italy
23,000
8.
Greece
20,000
9.
Portugal
20,590
Port of Loading
Pipavav ( victor ) port
MAJOR ITEM WISE EXPORTS FROZEN SHRIMP FROZEN FISH P a g e | 135
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FR CUTTLE FISH FR SQUID DRIED ITEMS LIVED ITEMS CHILLED ITEM ITEM WISE EXPORT OF MARINE PRODUCTS Frozen Shrimp continued to be the major export value item and get enough fish in their own waters, they would prefer not to cross the Pakistan’s boundary and invite the risk of arrests.
6.10 INSTITUTIONS 6.10.1 CMFRI- Central Marine Research Institute, Veraval Regional Center The biggest fisheries research organization in the world with locations throughout the Indiancoasts and research operated through 10 major divisions. The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute was established by Government of India on Feb 3rd 1947 under the Ministry of Agriculture and later joined the ICAR family in 1967/1971.During the course of 65 years journey the Institute has emerged as leading global marine fisheries institute From a mere taxonomic and statistics mandate. One of the major achievements of CMFRI over the entire span of existence is the development and refinement of unique National Marine Fishery data base “Stratified Multistage Random Sampling” method unique to India. With this methodology the Institute is maintaining national marine Fisheries data base
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from 1950 with a landing of about 5,00,000t to about 38,50,000 tons in 2012 comprising about 200 species along the entire coast covering about 8000 km. Research locations
Headquaters
Regional centres
Research centres
Field Centres
KrishiVigyan Kendra
Work Area
To monitor the exploited and under-exploited marine fisheries resources of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
understand the fluctuations in abundance of marine fisheries resources in relation to change in the environment
develop suitable mariculture technologies for finfish, shellfish and other culturable organisms in open seas to supplement capture.
act as a repository of information on marine fishery systematic database
conduct transfer of technology, post-graduate and specialized training, education and extension-education pr
To provide consultancy services
Divisons
Fisheries Resources Assessment
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Demersal Fisheries
Crustacean Fisheries
Molluscan Fisheries
Fishery Environment Management Veraval Regional Centre
The highlight of this bustling centre situated at the heart of Saurashtra region was the success realised by the Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) project on establishment of open sea cage farms for sidiadivasi tribes of Gujarat. On a pilot basis a sea cage farm was established. the target group. The seasoned cage culture technology of CMFRI was comprehensively transferred to the target group, with their association graduating to partners/ owners level even while they were working in the cage sites. The harvest of the crop which took place after about 110 days resulted in an income equivalent to Rs. 15,000/- per month per family. This epoch making intervention resulted in the enhancement of the near penury livelihood of the tribal group to a healthy level of sustenance.
During the site visit ,a meeting was conducted with the Scientist (Fisheries Resources Management) K. Mohammed Koya ARS. of CMFRI. The findings of the meetings are stated below: Work Area
marine fishing
research
fishing environment monitoring
socio-economic
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Fish production industries Three types of fisherman based on the style of catching and net types :
Gear net fisherman
Doll net fisherman
Troll fisherman
Interaction programme with fisherman is organized from time to time. where local fisherman are introduced to developed technologies and new findings by CMFRI. marine culture is being practiced in veraval by CMFRI. In this process CMFRI has identified tribal community 'Sidis'fromTallala Taluka near veraval. The genetic roots of this community can be traced back to the African sub-continent. they have been classified as primitive tribal group by the Govt. of Gujarat. who have been migrating to veraval in search of job opportunities. these people are highly known for their driving skills and sea endurance, it is in this context, open sea cage culture technology was identified as a potential alternative livelihood option for Sidi tribes to be promoted under the Tribal Sub Plan Project (TPS) of the Government of India in december 2011 by Central Marine Fishries Research Institutes(CMFRI).
6.10.2 CIFT- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology The Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT) set up in 1954 is the only national center in the country where research in all disciplines relating to fishing and fish processing is undertaken. Work area
To conduct basic, strategic and applied research in fishing and fish processing.
To develop designs for fuel efficient fishing vessels and fishing gear for responsible fishing. P a g e | 139
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To develop technologies for commercial isolation of bioactive compounds and industrially important products from fish and fishery wastes.
To design innovative implements and machineries for fishing and fish processing and pilot plants for facilitating commercialization of technologies developed.
To do advanced research in food safety in fish and fishery products.
To provide training and consultancy services in fishing and fish processing.
Divisions
Fishing Technology Division.
Fish Processing Division.
Biochemistry & Nutrition Division.
Quality Assurance & Management Division.
Engineering Division.
Extension, Information & Statistics Division.
Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division. During the visit to C.I.F.T , Veraval branch , a meeting with scientist Ashish Jha was conducted. The brief findings during the visit are stated below. Work Area Fish process Fish technology
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Veraval contributes to the total of 20% of nations fishing export. There are 3 important landing centres namely Veraval(old), Veraval Bhidiya and Jaleshwar. Total 70 Fishing Plants are there. Total export of from Gujarat every year is 3300 crores The fisher men go for different time period in the sea for fishing
5% - 1 day
12%- 1 week
36%- 1-2 weeks
46%- 19-20 days
Boats used by these fisherman on power paramaetres
9% less than 100HP
70%- 100-150 HP
17% > 150 HP
6.10.3 FISHRIES COLLEGE College of Fisheries science, Veraval was established in 1991, with a view to imparting fisheries education with in depth information covering various discipline of fisheries science.
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Main objective of fisheries education is to create technocrats with proper knowledge and skill who can excel in their respective fields to enhance production of fish and fisheries products, and to create new resources for increasing economic stability of the state as well as fish farmers & fishermen communities. College offers Bachelor's and Master's degree courses. focuses on : Fish processing Fishing and aqua culture Fisheries Management students are taught the fish processing process in the labs. During the visit to C.I.F.T , Veraval branch , a meeting with scientist Ashish Jha was conducted. The brief findings during the visit are stated below. Veraval is the biggest landing port having 3500 boats endurance period is of 15 days there are three broad types of fish catches:
Quality Fish
Trash Fish
Low cost or unwanted fish
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trash fishes have strong smell and are either thrown or utilized for chicken feedings. if these fishes are de odorized they are made into food products such as kurkure, pickle, keema, kabab,etc. ready to eat products such as fish potatoes, burgers, fish gravies are also made. The students are encouraged and taught to develop such by products. in the total 60% export of fishes 0.8%- 1% are by products and 99% are raw fish. the raw material are exported to Malaysia, Japan, Thailand , etc. where they are processed into final product.
6.10.4 Gujarat Fisheries Department Gujarat Fisheries Central Co-operative Association Limited (GFCCA) is an apex cooperative body of the fishermen cooperatives in the State of Gujarat. It was established in the year 1956 with financial and administrative support of the Government of Gujarat. Work Area
Development and exploitation of fresh water fisheries.
Marketing of fresh water fish and marine fish in wholesale and in retail through its different outlets and mobile vans. To supply fishing equipment at economical rate. To implementation of Government Schemes & New Project.
Manufacture and supply of various types of fishing nets and twines.
Construction and supply of Wooden and Fibre glass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) fishing boats.
Construction and supply of Wooden and Fibre glass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) fishing boats. P a g e | 143
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Construction and supply of tin boats, different size of aquarium and fish, etc.
Production and distribution of fish seeds - spawn, fry and fingerling - of Indian Major Carps.
Mechanization of fishing crafts with suitable engines of Ashok Leyland make / Mariner outboard motors.
Dispensing of high speed diesel to the fishing vessels through operation of 18 consumer pumps at various fishing ports.
Implementation of developmental projects mooted by the Government in fishery field.
Implementation of Group Accidental Insurance Scheme to State fishermen.
6.10.5 MPEDA The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) was constituted in 1972 under the Marine Products Export Development Authority Act 1972 The role for the MPEDA under the statute is comprehensive - covering fisheries of all kinds, increasing exports, specifying standards, processing, marketing, extension and training in various aspects of the industry. MPEDA functions under the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India and acts as a coordinating agency with different Central and State Government establishments engaged in fishery production and allied activities. Standing Committees of MPEDA •
Executive Committee
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Export Promotion Committee MPEDA functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India and acts as a nodal agency coordinating with different Central and State Governments establishments engaged in fishery production and allied activities.
The plan schemes of the Authority are implemented under seven major heads: •
Market Promotion
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Capture Fisheries
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Culture Fisheries
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Processing infrastructure & value addition
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Quality control
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Research and development
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Viability gap funding
Work programme of MPEDA •
Registration of infrastructure facilities for seafood Export trade
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Collection and dissemination of trade information
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Projection of Indian marine products in overseas markets by participation in overseas fairs and organising international seafood fairs in India. P a g e | 145
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Implementation of development measures vital to the industry like distribution of insulated fish boxes, putting up fish landing platforms, improvement of peeling sheds, modernization of industry such as upgrading of plate freezers, installation of IQF machinery, generator sets, ice making machineries, quality control laboratory etc.
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Promotion of aquaculture for production of shrimp and prawn for export.
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Promotion of value added Sea foods.
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Promotion of Tuna fishery.
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Implementation of organic farming.
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Conservation management.
SUBSIDIES PROVIDED BY MPEDA 1. Financial assistance for RSW system on fishing vessel or ice making machine Subsidy :- At 30% of the cost or maximum 5 lakh to per owner of fishing vessel. 2. Subsidy for new farm development subsidy :- At 25% of the capital cost and maximum 50000/ha. 3. Subsidy for small scale hatchery a minimum production capacity 10 million seed per annum. subsidy :- At 25% of capital cost . 4. Subsidy for effluent treatment system in shrimp farms. subsidy :-At 25% of capital cost , subject to 1.5 lakh for shrimp farm.
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6.10.6 GMB- Gujarat Maritime Board Gujarat Maritime Board was created in 1982 under the Gujarat Maritime Board Act, 1981, to manage, control and administer the minor ports of Gujarat. GMB presently manages the 41 minor ports of the State with a vision 'To enhance and harness ports and international trade as vehicles for economic development'. It is the only maritime body with an enviable feat, nationally and internationally. Objectives
To maximize coastal benefits and strategic advantages of Gujarat Ports
To capture maximum traffic at Gujarat Ports and enhance container traffic at GMB Ports
To further strengthen its role in liquid and bulk cargo
To develop Gujarat as a Ship building/Repair Hub
To promote various other port led development as Ro-Ro Ferry Terminal services, Jetty Services, Marine Tourism, Logistic Parks
To provide services, property and infrastructure support that will promote private investment
To ensure and protect ecological balance and safeguard social and environmental issues
To bring innovation and implement latest technology at all ports
To ensure safety and security at all levels of operation
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6.11 Conclusion Veraval is a Fishing town where people more than 70% of population are into Fishing activities and every 5 in 10 people are directly or indirectly related to the fishing activity in the Town. There are almost 80 industries in GIDC of which 53 are Manufacturing and 27 are Freezing industries. Domestic export is only very less when compared to International export our 6,00,000 Kgs of Fishes are exported from pipavah port out of which the 50% is shared by Vietnam and around 25% is exported to China. Which contains of Frozen shrimps, frozen fish, Cultet, etc. The fishermen is spread over the city and mostly of Moila, Muslim and Kharwar community. They use modern equipments for fishing and subsequently they are not technically sound in terms of technology in catching fish and direction of fishing. They operate from Veraval old light house, Veraval Bhidiya and jaleshwar village, where the fish catch are landed and locally distributed. There are middle men (Trademen) at all the landing centers, they buy the fishes from the fishermen at particular price and sell it else where or inland export after the cleaning process. Apart from the infrastructure facility, the fishermen also face the problem interms of Transboundary conflicts with neighnouring countries and they been arrested and kept as captive by the other countries if the designated area of is crossed. There are research institutes and college working on Research in field of fishing technology viz. CMFRI, CIFT , Fisheries college, and there are several organisations pinning data related to export of fisheries from the Veraval.
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6.12 Issues of Concern We observed there is un hygienic fish sorting at Fish landing center, and that extends to the pollution in the port as well as the city. There is concern in the catchment area of fishing in the sea which is extending upto 8-10 kms (previously 4-5 kms). Transportation facility for the Raw fish is very poor for domestic export. There is lack of technology transfer to the fishermen. Present coastal based oceanic fishing fleets have operational limitation for fishing in oceanic waters. Lack of scientific awareness on the spatio-temporal distribution, abundance and migration pattern of large fishes. Lack of sufficient skilled crew. Despite all the above mentioned concern there is domination of fishing activity and the export in the town which run the local economy generating employment for the local and also for the migrants.
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