Metropolitan Planning Studio A Case of Bangalore Metropolitan Region Monsoon Semester 2018 Masters in Urban and Regional Planning CEPT University Sweta Delwadia l PP0002417
About Metropolitan Planning Studio The objective of the Metropolitan Studio is to facilitate joint exploration of various facets of Metropolitan Planning and management by the faculty and students. The delineation of Metropolitan Areas, scope and content of their plans, the governance structure and their functional domains vary considerably in India. As far as regional plans are concerned, they have always been an extension of urban plans both in terms of processes and contents and have not been very effective. The studio has innovatively explored these aspects through cases and propose alternative scenarios for further consideration. The studio is developed in three modules that deal with the most pertinent issues related to planning for metropolitan areas. Cases are used for learning purpose wherever appropriate, to understand concepts, approaches and methods leading to key questions.
-: 3 Modules :(i) Understanding Metropolitan Area and Planning at Metropolitan Scale Demarcation, Contents and processes (4 Weeks) (ii) Governance at Metropolitan Level: International Comparative Study of Indian and International Cities (4 weeks) (iii) Strategic Planning at Metropolitan Scale (4 Weeks)
Content of Portfolio 1. Understanding of Metropolitan Region 2. Profile of Bangalore Metropolitan Region - Why Bangalore as a Case? - Introduction of Bangalore Metropolitan Region - Regional Context of BMR - Planning in Bangalore Metropolitan Region - Structure Plan 2011 & 2031 (Development Strategies) - Issues in current approach 3. Governance in Bangalore Metropolitan Region - Current Governance framework in BMR & Issues - Case studies: GLA & MMDA 4. Proposed Strategic Framework - Spatial Strategy - Sectoral Strategy - Proposed Governance Framework
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Understanding Metropolitan Region Metropolitan Planning in India General Definition
Metropolitan region is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories It generally comprises of multiple jurisdictions and municipalities. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns and intervening rural areas that are socioeconomically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.
Importance of Metropolitan Planning To integrates overall region along with its small settlements and taking care of the overall balanced development reducing conflicts for common resources in region To takes care of regional disparities by increasing the potential of other urban centres and districts to attract inward investment and achieve greater fiscal autonomy
Metropolitan area defined as per Article 243P of constitution is as follows: “Metropolitan area means an area having a population of ten lakhs or more, comprised in one or more districts and consisting of two or more Municipalities or Panchayats or other contiguous area, specified by the Governor by public notification to be Metropolitan area for the purposes of this Part� For each metropolitan area, a Metropolitan Planning Committee has to be constituted. There are 53 million plus cities accounting for 43% of India’s urban population.
Delhi
Kolkata Mumbai Pune Hyderabad
Chennai Bangalore Specified by the governor as a Metropolitan Area
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Profile of Bangalore Metropolitan Region Why Bangalore? • • • •
• Bangalore • • •
Population One of the fastest growing Indian city of India Boom in IT Sector, made it a Global > 1 Million 5 Lakh to 1 Lakh to 10 Lakh 5 Lakh City – ‘Silicon Valley of India’ Strong Economy - Out of 40% of GDP contributed by Metropolitan cities, 7% is shared by Bangalore alone. Growing economic opportunities attracting population inflow towards Bangalore, making it grow at the growth rate of 3.63% CAGR. Largest city in Karnataka state with current population of 8.4 million (42% of Urban population of Karnataka State, with largest area around 1200 sq.km. Bangalore is 8 times larger than 2nd Largest City of State IT Sector’s contribution to Karnataka GDSP is 18% No other city of similar scale and socio-economic opportunities in the state makes it a Primate City of the region.
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Context of Bangalore • Population (2001 – 2011)
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Strongly connected through National Highways, State Highways and railways to other large cities and also through International airport Surrounded by cities with different economic base, dependent for Transport & Logistics facilities provided by Bangalore Apart from these large cities there are small towns also in between them, which are also growing along with Bangalore rapidly Bangalore and these small towns are inter dependent on each other due to development of various economic activities. High Influence of Bangalore city let made it a part of Bangalore Metropolitan Region, identified by BMRDA 3
Introduction – Bangalore Metropolitan Region Administrative Boundaries in Bangalore Metropolitan Region:Bangalore Metropolitan Region (BMR) is spread over 8005 sq.km. consisting of 3 districts namely Bangalore Urban, Bangalore Rural and Ramanagaram. These 3 districts in total contains 11 talukas. There are 17 Urban Local Bodies existing in BMR in total; which has 1 Municipal Corporation which is Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagar Palike, 6 City Municipal Councils (CMC) i.e. Ramanagara, Kanakapura, Channapattana, Ballapur, Hoskote, Hebbagodi and 10 Town Municipal Councils (TMC) i.e. Magadi, Vijaypur, Devanahalli, Anekal, Nelamanagala, Attibele, Jigan, Bommansandra, Chandapura, Bidadi. There are about 284 Gram Panchayats covering 2551 villages in BMR.
Muni. Corp. CMC TMC
BBMP
BDA
Planning Boundaries in Bangalore Metropolitan Region:Bangalore Metropolitan Region includes 2 Urban Development Authorities i.e. Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) and Ramanagaram and Channapatna Urban Development Authority (RCUDA). And 9 other Planning authorities containing 6 Local Area Planning Authorities, 1 Bangalore International Airport Area Planning Authority (BIAAPA), 1 Bangalore Mysore Infrastructure Corridor Authority (BMICA) and 1 Satellite Town Ring Road Authority (STRR). Bangalore Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (BMRDA) plans for BMR.
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Scope & Content of Different Plans within Bangalore Metropolitan Region
BBMP
Planning Boundaries
Plans prepared till date
Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagar Palike 741 sq. km.
City Development Plan (under JnNURM)
Bangalore Development Authority 1200 sq.km.
Bangalore Master Plan First Plan: Prepared in 1985 for year 2001 Second Plan: Prepared in 1995 for year 2011 Revised Plan: Prepared in 2007 for year 2015
Scope & Content of Plans •
Comprehensive Development Plan for Basic Services
• •
Zoning, Complete street pattern, Areas reserved for parks, playgrounds and other recreational uses, areas reserved for future development and expansion, special control and development regulations
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BDA Local Area Planning Authorities & Interstitial Zones
Bangalore Metropolitan Region
Different Master Plans for each LPA & IZs are conservation areas Structure Plans First Plan: Prepared in 1998 for the horizon year 2011 Revised Plan: Prepared in 2016 for the horizon year 2031
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Regional Land Utilization Plan & zonal regulations Sector wise recommendation and policies 5
Different Plans prepared within Bangalore Metropolitan Region ď ś Master Plan:As 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act mandated to decentralise and dissolve responsibility of administrative area from the level of Urban Local Body to the Metropolitan scale. These various authorities are responsible for whatever development activities happening within their jurisdiction. So, for the planning purpose these different jurisdiction or administrative areas have defined planning authority for their area. A Master Plan lays down the planning guidelines, policies, and development code and space requirements for various socio-economic activities supporting the city population during the plan period. It is also the basis for all infrastructure requirements. All the Local Planning Areas within BMR is responsible for preparing master plan for their area. The horizon period for these plans is 10 years.
ď ś Structure Plan:At metropolitan scale, structure plan is prepared for Bangalore Metropolitan Region which is more strategic in manner. A Structure Plan is a regional level perspective plan supporting a long term vision for development and related spatial perspective for integrated development in the area without compromising on its ecology and natural environment. The horizon period for structure plan is of 20 years. Apart from these, there is Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Plan prepared for Bangalore Metropolitan Region by Bangalore Metropolitan Land Transport Authority (BMLTA) to achieve convenient and cost effective accessibility for development of transportation. Till now two structure plans have been made for the BMR. The first one was made in year 1995 for horizon period of year 2011 and it got revised in year 2016 for year 2031. 6
Comparison of Structure Plan 2011 & Structure Plan 2031 Structure Plan 2011 • •
Encouraging concentrated decentralization from BMA to the strategic satellite towns, growth centres and nodes in the periphery of the BMRDA Introduction of planning tools to appropriately guide and control urban growth Western Side Development • Availability of ground water in the western region. • Decongest the development from the eastern part • Against the current development pattern.
Corridor Development • All major corridors were considered for the development instead of developing important corridors which have strong linkages and existing development.
Area Planning Zones • 5 Area Planning Zones and 6 Interstitial Zones, 1 Urban Development Authority
Structure Plan 2031 • • •
Maintaining the primacy of Bangalore as a center; Promoting development that is economically, environmentally and socially sustainable; Establishing a streamlined planning and governance system that addresses the decentralization agenda of the 73rd/74th CAA. Cluster and corridor Eastern side development development Local Planning Areas • Conserve the ground • Different clusters • 6 Local Planning water in the western part were identified for Authorities, 1 Area • Considering the current different economic Planning Zone, 1 development pattern activities. Interstitial Zone, 2 • Some of the clusters Urban Development were identified on the Authorities, 1 Special major corridors like Area Planning Mysore corridor and Authority Nelamangla corridor
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Issues in Current Approach of Structure Plan Transport
Land Utlisation
Environment
Policy T1 Support and enable the sustained growth of regional business through efficient connectivity
Policy LU1: Land allocation strategy to be formulated Policy EV1: Productive agriculture lands to be to promote compact development conserved
Policy T2 Increase the share of public transport systems
Policy LU2: Designating urban areas that serve as urban reserves or transition zones
Policy LU3: Decentralization and relocation of Policy T3 Rail based transport systems and networks congestion generating and /or large population to be enhanced attracting utilities/ services from the BBMP area
PolicyEV2: Sustainable agricultural practices to be promoted
Policy E1Industrial and any other economic investment locations to be identified based on land capability
Policy E4Small and Medium Enterprises to be encouraged in BMR
Policy LU5: Development framework to integrate proposed industrial estates
Policy E5 BMR to be developed as a nodal area for PolicyEV5: Strict control on Groundwater extraction locating educational, healthcare facilities and to be enforced research institutions
POLICY LU6: Industrial development and conservation agenda to be harmonised
Policy EV6: Integrated Watershed Management to be encouraged
Policy E6 BMR to be developed as centre for highend scientific and engineering industries
Policy T7 Linkmajor transport facilities (such as new International airport) to major urban centers
Policy EV7: Protection framework for Environmentally Sensitive Areas to be enhanced
Policy E7 BMR to be developed as business tourism destination
Policy T8Transit Oriented Development (TOD) strategies to be practiced as tool to integrate land use, population distribution and economic development in a common functional relationship
Policy E8 Spatial development initiatives like new townships / residential areas outside BBMP to be Policy GEV8: Active integration of wastelands in the made integral with the local economy of existing spatial development strategy to be practiced settlement and in conjunction with the larger hinterland
Policy T8 Promote pedestrianisation and use of NMV
Policy GEV10: All mining and quarrying activities should be strictly monitored and controlled to Policy E9 Small scale and medium scale polluting effectively address development and environmental industries to be relocated outside the BBMP issues in a balanced manner
Policy T6 Transport/ mobility projects to take cognizance of interrelationship between transport connectivity, housing and labour markets
Policy T9Ensure safe and conflict-free freight transport Policy T10Expansion of Bangalore Metropolitan Land Transport Authority (BMLTA) Policy T11Transport Proposals to be within the larger framework of a Comprehensive Regional Traffic and Transport Study
Housing
Policy H1: Government land should be supplied within the growth clusters and growth nodes for ‘composite’ and ‘joint venture’ housing schemes to be developed in partnership with the private sector.
Policy E2Spatial spread of economic activities should Policy H2: Institutional mechanisms to be brought in be planned to ensure clustering advantage to facilitate role of housing board to act more as land assembler and infrastructure facilitator
Policy EV3: Effective protection and rejuvenation of Policy E3 Growth of service sector in BMR to be surface water bodies to be ensured encouraged
Policy LU4: Urban agriculture should be encouraged Policy T4Road based transport systems and networks Policy EV4: Water-demand based land useto be to achieve urban food security and local employment to be strengthened encouraged generation
Policy T5 Public transport to be developed in major transits taking into account the size of the urban settlement i.e smaller towns vis a vis the core.
Economy
Policy E10 Settlements in BMR should be made economically sustainable by clustering of economic activities Policy E11 Connectivity between the city and emerging investment destinations in the BMR to be enhanced Policy E12 Local Economic Development (LED) Planto be developed at each town level as a part of the Local Area Development Plan Policy E13 Special hawking zones to be planned in BMR
No horizontal integration of sectors
Policy H3 Measures to be taken to ensure land supply for group housing for the urban poor Policy H4 The main focus of the Karnataka Slum Clearance Board (KSCB) should be on in- situ upgrading through self-help processes incorporating the participation of appropriate NGO’s.
The Policies given in SP 2031 identifies the goal of each sector and they are integrated with other policies of that particular structure. But, the policies are not interlinked with other sectors, which may create conflict in terms of implementation of projects from different sector. Overall policies are vertically interlinked but horizontal integration is absent. 8
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Governance Metropolitan Planning Committee in BMR GoK proposes MPC Rules in year 2013 under Karnataka Municipal Corporation Act, 1976
DPC
BMA=MPC
DPC DPC
Overlapping functions of Different Planning Authorities Functions of MPC as per BMPC Rules’13
MPC
Physical and Natural Resource
✔️
It was mentioned in the 74th CAA to have an MPC for Metropolitan Area, So GoK identified Bangalore MPC at Bangalore Metropolitan Area, which is actually under Bangalore Development Authority.
Poverty alleviation and employment
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Development of Trade, Commerce and Industry
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Rural Development
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MPC identified at smaller level than the BMR, while BMR is already existing since 1985.
Metropolitan Area Transportation Integrated Infrastructure Development
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Housing & Shelter Development
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Protection of Environmentally sensitive areas
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Conservation of Heritage
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Generalized Land Use
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Fiscal Resource Requirements
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MPC covers BMA, Not even a whole district was considered. MPC covers metropolitan region – a large area, which may have DPCs also. Generally when MPC is found, DPC should be dissolved and replace by MPC to avoid conflicts. DPC & MPC gets overlapped and creates conflicts of functions.
BMRDA
BDA
BBMP
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Comparative Case Study for Metropolitan Governance To understand the various approaches of metropolitan governance, the linkages of different authorities at multiple scale and how the coordination between them result into implementation of plan, international comparative case studies were done based these parameters: 1. Composition of Authority 2. Powers & Functions of Authority 3. Implementation & Finance Mechanism 4. Scope & Content of plans made by Authority
1. Composition of Metropolitan Authorities BMPC Head Elected Members
GLA
MMDA
Chief Minister of State
Mayor Directly Elected by the People
Chairman Appointed by the President
10 Nominated Members (Nominated by the State Government)
11 London Members
Non Voting Members Head of various Sectoral Departments
18 Elected Members Elected members from local authorities and only 2 are from gram panchayats.
14 Constituency Members Representatives from each constituency
Voting Members Mayors of the all local authorities in Metro Manila including Mayor of 8 cities and 9 Municipalities,
Political and Administrative powers given to the metropolitan authority plays a major role in effective planning of the metropolitan region. In case of Greater London Authority, it is Mayor who is elected directly by the people, drives the development of whole Metropolitan Region. His powers are not only limited to the corporation area, unlike Indian cities. Having Mayor as a head of Metropolitan Authority allows citizen’s voice to be heard at the metropolitan scale and allows them to present their concern for any regional scale development, which may have any impact on them and is affecting their locality. But, in Bangalore or any other Indian city for an instance state government is the one whose decision prevails. 10
2. Powers & Functions of Authority Greater London Authority
Bangalore Metropolitan Region Function Physical and Natural Resource Poverty alleviation and employment Development of Trade, Commerce and Industry Rural Development Metropolitan Area Transportation Integrated Infrastructure Development Housing & Shelter Development Protection of Environmentally sensitive areas Conservation of Heritage General Land Use Fiscal Resource Requirements
BMPC
BMRDA
BDA
BBMP
Service
Education
Greater London Authority
London Borough Councils
Manila Metropolitan Development Authority Functions
Health
Planning Applications
Solid Waste Management
Transport Planning
MMDA
Barang ays
Education
Housing
Strategic Planning
Provin cial
Flood Control
Passenger Transport
Economy & Employment
Highways
Public Safety
Police Fire Social Service Waste Collection & Disposal Environmenta l Health Revenue Collection
Transportatio n & Traffic Management Urban Planning & Renewal Housing Sewerage Management
In Bangalore case there are multiple planning authorities dealing with same functions. In GLA & MMDA case there are very few functional overlaps with clearly defined role for each authority. Again those models are 2 & 3 tier which makes it easy to identify responsible one. In BMR, no clearly defined functions, so overlapping of the functions creates conflict in terms if everybody is planning, then who will implement. 11
3. Implementation and Finance Mechanism BMPC
GLA
MMDA
Sectoral Departments at Metropolitan Scale
No sectoral committee/department is there under the MPC as well as under BMRDA. The sectoral departments are under State level and hence there is no sectoral integration at the metropolitan level.
• London’s Fire & Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA) • Transport for London (TfL) • Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) • London Legacy Development Corporation (LLDC) • Old Oak & Park Royal Development Corporation (OPDC) • London & Partners
Sectoral Committees under the MMDA specially for monitoring the implementation process.
Implementation Mechanism
BMPC/BMRDA does not have direct implementation power. It only prepares the structure plan and other local authorities are entrusted to follow that.
Implementation plan which identify the responsible authority to implement the particular plan. Implementation group to support the making of implementation plan. Annual Monitoring plan to assess the scale of implementation.
Sector wise targets given in the plan and to assess those targets, there are indicators through which level of implementation can be measured. Identification of responsible authority to implement the particular target. Setting up of different committees to monitor the implementation progress sector wise.
Mayor’s Budget • Council Tax • Transport Fares • Multiple Local Taxes • Business Rates
MMDA has power to obtain finance support, grants, denotation from foreign agencies, under the coordination of NEDA & Dept. of Finance. Assistant general manger of Finance & Administration to determine financial requirements of MMDA for metro-wide services and prepare fiscal plan, maintain accounts, treasury & budget
Implementation power is with local authorities.
Financial Mechanism
BMPC/BMRDA does not have any power to raise finance by itself, unless and until state or central provide funds to them by its own No mechanism for regular source of finance such as tax, grants
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4. Scope & Content of plans made by Authority Bangalore Structure Plan Scope & Content of Plans
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Regional Level perspective plan Regional Land Utilization Plan and Regional Road Network Sector wise Policies and Recommendation
London The London Plan •
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Manila NCR Regional Development Plan •
Strategies, policies and planning objectives of different sectors including Housing, Social Infrastructure, Transport, Economy and Climate Change Implementation Mechanism, Monitoring and Reviewing of Plan.
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Sector wise strategies to achieve said targets including Environment, Infrastructure development, Economy, Safety, Science and Technology, Human Capital Development Indicators to measure those sector wise targets Implementing & Monitoring of Plan
Learnings : GLA & MMDA Case Studies Planning & Coordination
Implementing / Facilitating
Regulating/ Monitoring
Financing/Funding
Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Committee
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✖️
✖️
✖️
Greater London Authority
✔️
✔️
✔️
✔️
Metro Manila Development Authority
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✔️
✔️
✔️
London & Manila metropolitan authority has power to implement the plan and monitor the implementation process along with the power to raise finance for it. The lack of power to raise finance is also one of the reason why metropolitan planning committee is headed by the state officials in Bangalore, seeking financial help from state. In case of Bangalore, there are multiple authorities for planning in Bangalore Metropolitan Region, but none of them has power or responsibility to implement, monitor or raise finance for any project. 13
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Proposed Strategic Framework Spatial Strategy Strategy
Approach
A prime metropolis with effective metropolitan governance that stimulates economic development, connectivity and sustainability Segment Development
Corridor Development Tumkur to Housur
East Segment Towards Devanahalli
Components West Segment
Ramnagara
CMIC BMIC Devenhalli IT Hub
Bangalore to Mysore
The existing situation analysis showed that upcoming metropolitan scale projects such as Chennai Mumbai Infrastructure Corridor (CMIC) part of Bangalore Mumbai Economic Corridor (BMEC), Bangalore Mysore Infrastructure Corridor (BMIC) has major significance on the development of BMR and the STRR project proposed by BMRDA in SP2011 is also facilitating to above mentioned projects by providing logistics and freight movement. These makes western part of BMR a Logistics Hub. While currently emerging IT industries in Whitefield, Electronic city, Anekal and Proposed Devanhalli IT & Aerospace hub encourages the development mostly like jobs and housing makes the eastern part of BMR as a IT & service based development. Thus, based on the potential seen in most of the proposals and current development pattern the overall strategy was carried out, following two approaches :Segment Development (east and west segment of BMR) and Corridor Development (3 corridors; CBIC, BMEC & BMIC). 14
Sectoral Strategy
Transport Leveraging the development of an integrated and effective transportation system to enhance connectivity within existing and new urban and economic centers.
Environment To allow development without deterring the environment and minimizing its impacts
ECONOMY
TRANSPORTATION
GOVERNANCE
Economy Balanced Economic development by attracting new investment, supporting existing businesses, fostering innovative entrepreneurship, and strengthening the region’s key industries.
Governance Metropolitan governance framework that can enhance the sectoral coordination in managing the region as well as implementing different plans.
ENVIRONMENT
As the sectoral integration was absent in the current approach of Metropolitan Planning in BMR, we tried to suggest strategy for sectoral integration in preparation and implementation of plan. The strategies were carried out for the sectors that we believe are important at metropolitan scale. 15
Sectoral Strategy – Proposed Governance Framework Urban Development Department
Government of Karnataka
State Level
Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Committee (BMPC)
Metropolitan Level
BMPC jurisdiction will be the Bangalore Metropolitan Region (BMRDA) and not the Bangalore Metropolitan Area (BDA Level)
Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA)
Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Committee (BMPC)
The BMRDA will function as technical and administrative arm of BMPC and BMPC will be the political institution at the metropolitan scale.
The first step is to enlarge the Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Committee (BMPC) jurisdiction to the Bangalore Metropolitan Region, as currently BMPC is at Bangalore Metropolitan Area (BMA) level, which is even smaller than one district and also Bangalore Development Authority area. Ideally MPCs are placed for large areas that may include one or more districts, so that as soon as MPC is in place, DPC can be dissolved and its functions can be taken care by MPC. Secondly, BMRDA can be technical arm of BMPC, so that it can be the only planning authority and BMPC can be there as a political authority to supervise it. 16
Sectoral Strategy – Proposed Governance Framework Identification of officials & BMPC roles for Proposed Governance Framework Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Committee (BMPC)
Roles of BMPC as per the MPC Rules:(1) The committee shall perform such functions relating to planning and co-ordination for the Bangalore Metropolitan area as the Government may, by notification, assign to it (2) The committee shall, in (a) Preparing the draft development plan (Structure Plan),(b) Also indicate policies, strategies and priorities and major projects for different sectors.
Chief Minister (Chairman)
Elected Members Mayor of all urban Local Bodies in the BMR. 17 ULBs (1 Corporation, 6 City Municipal Council and 10 Town Municipal Council) Chairperson of all Taluka Panchayat Samiti in the BMR 11 Members representing 11 Talukas
Nominated Members Chief Secretary of Karnataka Chairman/Secretary of State Departments:
Finance, Housing & Urban Development, Public Works Department, Industrial Department, Housing Board, Slum Clarence Board, Electricity Board, Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation, Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board, The Director of Town Planning, Government of Karnataka; The Chief Conservator of Forests (General), Government of Karnataka; One Representative of Government of India (National Capital Region and Planning Board) – Member
More Suggested Roles of BMPC :• The committee shall ensure the implementation of the structure plan prepared by them. • The committee shall also perform functions for monitoring and reviewing of the structure plan. • The committee shall review the development plans prepared by the local development authorities and suggest changes in certain cases where there is question of regional significance. • Approval of all local development authority’s plan can be approved by the committee.
Currently, BMPC has only 18 elected members from the urban local bodies, out of which only 2 members are representing rural local bodies. So for effective local representation from rural and urban areas, mayor from all 17 urban local bodies and chairperson of all panchayat sameeti of 11 Talukas is done (to represent all the GPs under them). And as nominated members all the secretary from different sectoral department has been identified for sectoral integration as well as for availing financial support. 17
Sectoral Strategy – Proposed Governance Framework Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA)
Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Committee (BMPC)
Metropolitan Commissioner
Executive Wing
Planning Wing
(Headed by the Deputy Metropolitan Commissioner)
(Headed by the Deputy Metropolitan Commissioner)
Transport
Environment
Head of each sectoral committee Example: BMLTA will be the head authority for transport sector, so BMLTA chairperson will be the member.
Other Sectors
1. Responsible for providing the required information and data of their respective sectors to the planning wing. 2. Preparing the sectoral plan along with Implementation Plan for their respective sector. 3. Monitoring and reviewing of implementation process.
BDA Chairperson of Bangalore Development Authority
Chairperson of all 6 Local planning Authorities Chairperson of Airport Development Authority Chairperson of Mysore Industrial Corridor Development Authority.
SPAs
LPAs 1.
2.
Planning wing will be responsible for making the Structure Plan by integrating all the sectors. And it is responsible for the overall planning activities and coordination between all local planning authorities within BMR.
BMRDA has been proposed as planning wing, which will be responsible for making the structure plans by integrating every sector and concerning for local planning authorities. Then executive wing is proposed as a part of BMRDA, which will be responsible for providing required information to respective sectors to planning wing. Different sectoral departments under executive wings are required to prepare sectoral plans and implementation plan for their respective sector. 18
Sectoral Strategy – Proposed Governance Framework Structure Plan BMRDA – Planning Wing
The overall strategic and perspective plan, supporting a long term vision for development & related spatial perspective for integrated development in the area without compromising on its ecology and natural environment. Setting out sectoral policies for different sectors including Economy, Transport, Environment, Housing, Land Development for integrated development. Sectoral Plan BMRDA – Executive Wing The sectoral plan can sets out how the policies given in the structure plan will be turned into practical actions. It can detailed out sectoral policies in terms of how it can be achieved. And it can also provides a framework for translating the policies into investment proposals and projects. It can also have targets for particular sector in order to achieve particular policy.
Implementation Plan Prepared by the individual sector - Executive Wing
Monitoring Plan Prepared by the individual sector - Executive Wing
Implementation plan can prioritize projects given in the sectoral plan. And it can further detailed out the projects in terms of responsible implementing authority and the time scale to implement particular project.
This Annual Monitoring plan can provides information about progress being made in implementing the policies of the structure plan. The annual monitoring plan can have identified performance indicators to measure the targets given in the sectoral plan.
Action Plan Prepared by the local development authority The action plan will detailed out the project in terms of its phasing and costing. 19
Conclusion The Metropolitan Planning Studio provided the understanding of various facets of Metropolitan Planning and its Governance. The current practise of Metropolitan Planning in Bangalore Metropolitan Region is to prepare a strategic plan consisting of different policies and strategies for development of different sector in Metropolitan Region. The policies carried out in the Structure Plans were very effectively integrated vertically within the sectors. Every projects that were proposed were interlinked vertically. But, policies were not carried out in a manner where it can have horizontal integration amongst the different sector. Apart from it, planning functions of Metropolitan Planning Committee given in Metropolitan Planning Rules of the Karnataka state were also overlapping with the functions of other planning authorities such as Bangalore Development Authority (BDA). There was no mention in any of the acts neither BMRDA Act,1975 or KTCP Act for the interlinkages of these plans. The implementation and financing mechanisms were also left to the local body when it comes to implement project. Each authorities and plans prepared by them were required to be coordinated, but how it can be done was not neither mentioned in the plans nor any of the acts. The learnings from the case studies, we have tried to suggest a governance framework where, metropolitan planning committee will be the head authority for planning happening in BMR. The MPC will be consisting the elected and nominated members from entire BMR to have representative from local areas, which is not present currently. As BMRDA is already existing as planning body in BMR it will be working along with the BMPC under the supervision of the Metropolitan Commissioner. The Planning wing under BMRDA will be responsible for planning of the area co-ordinating every scale plans taking care of horizontal interlinkage of sectors and Executive wing under BMRDA will responsible for the preparation of sectoral plan which will also have implementation and monitoring plan to measure the scale of implementation. Thus having a different framework for governing different authorities and clarifying the roles and responsibilities of different authorities can help to build a better governance structure which clarifies the way how co-ordination of different authorities can be done without having conflicts of functions.
Guided By, Prof. Anurima Mukherjee Basu Prof. Vidyadhar Phatak Prof. Vishal Dubey
Metropolitan Planning Studio Monsoon Semester 2018 Masters in Urban and Regional Planning CEPT University