learning loop:! 7 1. Metal decking- sacrificial formwork.! 4 5 8 6 2. Box gutter, drainage storm water. ! 3. Bulk insulation: 1. bulk insulation has changeable shapes and it is easy to install compared with board insulation, which is expensive, hard to work with and require trained workers. It is time consuming. Thermosetting plastic (which can only be shapes once, will not melt in high temperature) polyethylene is used as insulation material. 2 Thermosetting plastic can be used in building project especially when a material need to maintain the shape if there is a fire, like insulation between floors. ! 3 4. Temporary Guardrail, for safety concern. ! 5. Floor system, joists and beams. ! 6. Flushing, prevent water go inside of a building.! 7. Building paper. The darker blue waterproofing material under 5 is ! Waterproofing in buildings: how to prevent water in an opening?! 1. no opening! 2. no water! 3. no force to push water into an opening. ! Get ride of any one of three, water will not enter an building. Apply two or more are pursued, because material deteriorating. ! 8. Non-governised hot rolled primary structural universal column. The difference between universal beam and universal column is because of the load is transferred differently between them. ! Dome:! Paints: important for our visual environment. protect and colour a particular element.!
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Off campus, site visit:!
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In the studio session of this week, we went to site visit to Queensberry street. The constructing site is a 8 story high apartment building, which ideally will be finished by March next year. The building consists of no basement, 6 levels of apartments, two level of ground floor retailing spaces and car park. ! By the time we visited, most of the first two stories has already finished, and they are now building the second floor structural system and also set up formwork to build the floor system for the next floor. ! The construction system of this building is concrete frame construction, with reinforced concrete columns, slabs and load bearing walls.  
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There are two types of concrete used in this construction site: precast concrete columns and walls; in situ concrete slab. In the first picture we can see the precast concrete columns as well as precast walls. The reasons they choose precast instead of in situ columns and wall is because of the limited time.!
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The site also used in situ post tensioning concrete slab, which enable them to put the cable in the concrete slabs, as well as have a thiner slab and more spaces than using precast ones. The two way steel reinforcement goes through the slabs, we are able to see some of the reinforcement at the end of the concrete slabs in the picture. ! Post tensioning concrete slab counteract with the external force applied to the slab, by using prestressed steel reinforcement, and tension the steel after concrete is poured. !
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Red lines in the right picture is the grid line in the working drawings, that to make sure the building is constructed vertically gridded. The lines line up with this grid line in working drawings, which means they intercross the columns, therefore, in constructing site, they placed the precast columns according to the grid lines. !
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The left core of a building is usually built in situ, however, in this case, the are allowed to use precast ones because this is a small constructing site and because of the time budget.  
In the picture we can see the timber formwork, which is used for in situ concrete. The blue H frame is temporary supporting structure that it takes the load of he timber frame and concrete slab until the concrete slab is settled and connected to the load bearing walls. The sketches shows raking shores, which is used to support the precast concrete columns at this stage. !
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prefabricated windows and doors are used in this constructing site, that due to budget limitation, the manager has to sourcing from the market to find the materials that enable the construction meets the budges. For example, in this case the windows are delivered from Vietnam!
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The waterproofing is important in any construction site including this one. Waterproofing membranes are use at the balcony. The drainage system is also applied at this constructing site. however, at this stage, we are not able to see any drainage gutters, nor storm water system. ! Fire check is another important issue in construction. As required, fire check should be placed between attendances and floors (ceiling). It is a combination of products, usually including fire columns, insulations and fire doors. !
! The picture on the left show the installation of electricity.! !
In normal cases, for a small constructing site, movable tower crane is used. However, in this case, because of the constrains in place, it is more practical to have a tower crane in site. !
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The second constructing site has the same constructing system, which is concrete frame construction. compared with the first one, this is less finished, as we can see in the picture, they have not finished the ground floor structural system. In this constructing site, more in
situ concrete is used, including two different concrete columns and concrete slab. From the first picture, concrete columns are poured between formwork. The cylinder columns skin on the right picture shows how it is formed, that the cavity cylinder allows concrete to be poured and shape the concrete. ! However, they also used precast concrete walls. In order to transport them into the site without any damage to the road, we can see the concrete reinforcement on top of the road and the drainage system on side. By using this, they are able to minimise the time required to repair road. !
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We are able to see the difference in formwork between two constructing site, that in this site, steel formwork is used. This will last longer than timber formwork in the first constructing site.  
Glossary:! Drip: Any of various devices for shedding rainwater so as to keep it from running down a wall or falling on to the sill of an opening. (Ching, 2012. p.289).!
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Vapour Barrier: A material of low permeance, as plastic film or foil, installed in a construction to regard the transmission of moisture from the interior environment to a point where it can be condense into water (Ching, 2012. p.184).!
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Gutter: A channel of metal or wood at the eaves or on the roof of a building, for carrying off rainwater. Also called eaves trough (Ching, 2012. p.217).!
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Parapet: A low, protected wall at the edge of a terrace, balcony, or roof, esp, that pat of an exterior wall, fire wall, or partly wall that rises above the roof (Ching, 2012. p.284).! ! Down pipe: A pipe to carry rainwater from a roof to drain to to ground floor. !
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Flashing: Pieces of sheet metal or other thin, imperious material installed to prevent the passage of water into a structure form an angle to joint (Ching, 2012. p. 185).!
! Insulation: Materials used to insulate heat or sound, usually rubber or plastic. ! ! Sealant: Material used for sealing. 
Reference:! How To Install Asphalt Roofing On A Shed. (n.d.). How To Roof A Shed. Retrieved September 13, 2014, from https:// www.icreatables.com/sheds/how-to-build-shed/shed-build-roofing-install.html