City of Johannesburg
(CoJ) Climate Change Adaptation Plan Mzukisi Gwata
5 September 2013 C40 Siemens Leadership Awards, London
Presentation outline Committing to a Promising Future
1. City of Johannesburg context
A World Class African City that is Resilient, Sustainable and Liveable
2. Challenges - Key modelling findings and associated sectoral risks;
- Recent flooding events and associated damage cost estimates 3. Actions (Implementation) 4. Projected outcomes (mainstreaming to Growth and Development Strategy 2040 (GDS2040)
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City divided into 7 (seven) administrative regions
Johannesburg Fast Facts Size:
1 600 square kilometers (km2) of surface area
Density:
1 900 people per square kilometers
Population:
4.4 million growing at 1.8% per annum
Population group:
76.4% African
Gender:
49.8% of City’s population is female
Youth:
63% of population is between ages of 14 to 35 years
Household:
Over 1 million households
Education:
71% has at least primary or high school education;
Economy:
•Largest & wealthiest City in South Africa (SA); contributing 16% to national economy; remains South Africa’s economic powerhouse – concentration of large industries and businesses
Unemployment:
23.1% unemployed in 2011
Topography:
1 400 – 1 700 meters above sea level
Vegetation:
Located mainly in the Grassland Biome; some savanna patches, one of the largest man-made forest in the world (est. 10 million trees)
History:
inherited a deeply divided City from apartheid; huge social economic gap, North – South imperatives
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City Of Johannesburg Needed
Understand:
• Scale and speed of change • Extreme events • Vulnerabilities To account for climatic changes within local government decision-making processes
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Substantial risk that the CoJ will experience is an increase in annual rainfall characterized by a higher frequency of storm events and a longer rainy season.
Future Risks to the CoJ Climate model projections for CoJ indicate that the local climate is likely to become both significantly hotter and more humid in future. Models suggest that temperatures for CoJ may increase by around 2.3ºC by the near future (2056 – 2065) and by around 4.4ºC by the far future (2081 – 2100). 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
0.1 0
Trend (° C/decade) in annual mean temperature for the period 1960–2003 (Kruger and Shongwe,2004)
Key Sectoral Risks
Recent Extreme Weather Events
Cost to CoJ to repair damaged infrastructure was estimated to be over R 116 million 9
Extreme Heat Events and Health • The extent of the localised and specific relationships between temperature extremes, extreme weather events and health outcomes. • The timing, frequency, geographical scope and severity of future events.
• How to implement effective climatic modelling and warning systems
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Current Action
Map of Flood Prone areas
Early Warning System (EWS)
• Collaboration between the City and the South African Weather Service. • South Africa has an extensive radar and lightning detection network. • Mobile phone sms are sent from the weather centre directly to designated City disaster management officials. • In 2011 the City purchased and installed 5 Automatic Rainfall Stations (ARS).
The Joburg 2040 GDS paradigm The Paradigm has defined four interrelated drivers namely: • Human and social development; • Inclusive and productive economic growth; • • Environment and services (including the related infrastructure); and
Each of these concepts are interrelated to support the achievement of resilience, sustainability and liveability
• Governance
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Thanking You
Mzukisi Gwata MzukisiG@joburg.org.za 14