Arvand HVAC 45

‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﻞ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ‪ -‬ﺍﺭﺩﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪۱۳۹۱‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ‪۱۶۸۴ - ۴۲۷۰ :‬‬

‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻣﺘﯿﺎﺯ ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺑﯿﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ‪۲ ..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ ‪۴ ..........................‬‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻟﯿﮏ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ‪۱۲ .....................................................‬‬

‫ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﭘﺴﺘﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﯿﻢﺷــﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ‪۵۶۵۸۵۶۵۷ - ۸ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪﯼ‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۴۹۹۸‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۴۷۱۷‬‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۴۱۹۸‬‬ ‫ﻓﮑﺲ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﮐﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(۰۲۱) ۵۶۵۸۵۸۹۹ ،‬‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۶۰۳۶‬‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۴۹۸۳ - ۷‬‬ ‫‪(۰۲۱) ۸۸۷۳۹۸۸۰ - ۲‬‬ ‫‪(۰۲۱) ۸۸۸۰۲۶۷۷ - ۸ ، ۸۸۵۰۴۷۷۰ - ۴‬‬ ‫ﻓﮑﺲ ‪(۰۲۱) ۸۸۷۶۶۷۹۴ - ۵۶۵۸۵۰۷۹ :‬‬ ‫‪www.arvandcorp.com‬‬ ‫‪info@arvandcorp.com‬‬ ‫‪sales@arvandcorp.com‬‬

‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪۱۶ ..................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ‪۲۱ ...........................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‪۲۷...................................................‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﺠﻦﮐﺶ‪۳۳ .....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ ﻭ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ‪۳۷ ........................................‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺭﺍﯾﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺸــﺮﯾﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻝ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺴﺘﯽ ‪ ۳۷۶۸۵ - ۱۱۳‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪﯼ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ARVAND Internal Magazine‬‬ ‫‪Managing Director : M. Shojaei‬‬ ‫‪Editor in chief‬‬ ‫‪: H. Bahrami‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾﺮ ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺫﮐﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨــﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺸــﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﺛــﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﻭﯾﺮﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﻋﻮﺩﺕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫‪ McCormick‬ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ‪ASHRAE‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ‪ASHRAE‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻮﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ‪ ،ASHRAE‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴــﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬

‫ﺷــﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﻭ ﺷــﻮﺭﺍﯼ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﯾــﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﺸــﺮ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑــﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﻧﯿﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﯾـﺰ ﻓﻨـﺎﻭﺭﯼ ‪ASHRAE‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﮐﯿـﺪﯼ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫـﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﺎﯾﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﺎﻥ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﺗﺸــﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿﺎﺩﯾﻦ ﯾﺦﺑﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺪﯾﻊﺷــﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻮﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫‪ ASHRAE‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﯽ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﯾﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸـﮕﺎﻩ ‪AHR Expo 2012‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ‪AHR Expo 2012‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼــﺎﺹ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻓــﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺑــﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﮑﺎﮔﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺎﻻ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﻗﺪﯾﻤــﯽ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﯽ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ‪Energy Efficiency Guide‬‬

‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿــﺮﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ASHRAE‬‬

‫‪for existing commercial buildings‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑــﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺷــﻔﺎﻑ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺩﺭﮎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ )‪ (HVACR‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠــﯽ ﺷــﮑﻞ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﺍﯾــﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺯﺭﺳــﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻘــﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻢ ‪ 30‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﺍﻋﻀــﺎﯼ ‪ ASHRAE‬ﻭ ﺗﺎﮐﯿــﺪ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻨــﺎﻭﺭﯼ ‪ASHRAE‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾﺰﯼ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳــﺮ ﺩﻧﯿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫــﯽ ﺷــﻐﻠﯽ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ ﺭﺍﯾﮕﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪ ،BACnet‬ﺗﺴــﺖ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒــﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻭ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿــﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻭ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮﯼ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﯾــﺰ ﻓﻨــﺎﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ASHRAE‬ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ«‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ ﺭﺍﯾﮕﺎﻥ‪ ASHRAE ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮑﯽ ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪ 18‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺛﺒﺖﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﻠﺴــﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺍﻫﯽﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﯽﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ASHRAE‬‬ ‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺣﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔــﺰﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ‪2012‬‬ ‫‪ AHR Expo‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺦ ‪ 23‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 25‬ﮊﺍﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺩﻭﺩ ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﻣﮑﻨﺪﻩ ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫‪Grease‬‬

‫‪Greenheck‬‬

‫‪ Grabber Triple‬ﯾــﮏ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻦ ﻣﮑﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑــﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻣﮑﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑــﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﻦ ﻣﮑﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻭﺩﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭼﺮﺑــﯽ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿــﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑــﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺧــﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﯼ ﺧــﺮﻭﺝ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪﯾــﺪ ‪ MaQuay‬ﺑــﺎ ﻧــﺎﻡ ‪ RoofPak‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﯾﺰ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﮐﺴﺐ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺶ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒــﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺁﺑﯽ ﮔﺮﻣــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ‪ Baltimore Aircoil‬ﺑــﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﺧﺸــﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺯﮔﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪PT2‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﯾﮏ ﻓﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﺳــﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ‪Whisper‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ‬

‫‪ Quiet‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺧﺸــﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬

‫ﺻــﺪﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿــﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ‪ 15dBA-12‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﺎﻫــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺳـﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ﭘﺸـﺖﺑﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ‪Carrier‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﺳﺎﺯ ﭘﺸــﺖﺑﺎﻣﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ‪50TC/48‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ‪ Carrier‬ﮐﻪ ‪ 27.5‬ﺗﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﺳــﺒﮏ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺖﺑﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﻭ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺐ‬

‫ﺳـﯿﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ﺑـﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ RadiCal‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ‪،ebm-papst‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ‪ Carrier‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﮐــﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺠــﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼ ﺳــﺒﮏ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺸـﺖﺑﺎﻣﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫‪McQuay‬‬

‫ﺁﯾﺮﻭﺩﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟــﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ‬

‫ﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷــﺎﺧﺼﻪ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻦ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ‪ Carrier‬ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻭ ﻣﯿﻨﯿﺎﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ‪ MaQuay‬ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔــﯽ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﮑﻞ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺳﺎﯾﺶ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﺎﻣﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫‪ 75‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 150‬ﺗﻦ )‪ 264‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 528‬ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ(‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑــﺎ ﺩﻣــﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧــﻪ ﺑــﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﮐــﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴــﺘﺤﮑﻢ ﻭ ﺗﮏﻗﻄﻌﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻦ ‪ Whisper Quiet‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﯽﺍﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻭﯾﮋﮔــﯽ ﺍﺻﻠــﯽ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۴‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC design manual for hospitals and clinics :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻭ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﺧﻄــﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﮔﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 25‬ﭘﺎ )‪ 6.7‬ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻫﻨﻤﻮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫‪ AIA‬ﯾــﺎ ‪ 30‬ﻓــﻮﺕ )‪ 9.1‬ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ ‪ – ASHRAE‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿــﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺒــﺮﺍﻥ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﻧﺮﺥﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺪﺍﻗــﻞ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻔــﺮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻫﻨﻤﻮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟــﯽ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺩ ﯾﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴــﻢﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ 62-2001‬ﺍﻏﻠــﺐ‬

‫ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺑﺎﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺎﺯﯼ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﺪﺍﻗــﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺭﯾﭽــﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑــﻊ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬

‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺳــﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ ‪– ASHRAE‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻭﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺎﺳــﯽ‪ ،‬ﺭﻫﻨﻤﻮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺭﻫﻨﻤﻮﺩﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻤﮏ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻼ ﻋﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴــﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨــﯽ ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﻫــﻮﺍ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽﮐﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﮐﻞ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃــﺮﺍﻑ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬

‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻧﺒﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫)ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ(‬

‫ﺩﻭﺩﮐﺶ‪/‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‬

‫ﻧﻮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﯾﺎ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻄﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻫﻨﻤﻮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺼــﻮﺹ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬

‫ﻣﺮﮐــﺰﯼ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌــﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺏ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪،‬‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﮎﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫● ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﺩﮐﺶﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﺩﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺑــﺎﻻ ﯾﺎ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻗﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻭﺳــﺎﯾﻞ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻠﯿــﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺏ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺁﺳﺎﯾﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺩﮐــﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﻫﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﯾــﻊ ﻭ ﺗﺮﮐﯿــﺐ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟــﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫● ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻄﺢ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ،ASHRAE 62-2001‬ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ‬

‫ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﺷــﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﺗــﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫــﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻌــﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﺧــﺎﮎ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۵‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﮒﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﮐﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﯾﺦﺑﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﯾﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧــﺪ‪ 3) .‬ﭘﺎ )‪ 0.9‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 1.2‬ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ(‬ ‫● ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫــﻢ ﮐﻨﯿــﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳــﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻤﯿﺰﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ 11‬ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪ ،2001‬ﻭ ﺣﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻭﺭﯾﺴــﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺒﻨــﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳــﺘﺮﺱﺗﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟــﯽ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﯾﯽ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒــﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺣــﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺤﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺒــﻊ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫● ﻫﻮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪ ﺩﻭﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮐﺎﺑﯿﻨﺖﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻤﻨــﯽ ﺯﯾﺴــﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ)‪ (BSC‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﺷﺪﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﺮﻭﺟــﯽ ﻣﺨﺼــﻮﺹ ﯾــﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻨﺪﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﯾﻞ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﮐﺜﯿﻒ(‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﯿﻬﻮﺷــﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﺰﻭﻟــﻪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍﺩﯾﻮﺍﯾﺰﻭﺗﻮﭖ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﺰﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﺳــﯿﻠﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﭙﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮑﯽ ﭘﯿﺎﺩﻩﺭﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺩﯾﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﯿــﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﯾــﺾ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺳــﯿﺐﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌــﺮﺽ ﺗﻨﺶ‬

‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﺬﻑ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﻬﻮﺷــﯽ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺭﯾــﺰ ﯾــﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠــﻖ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻟﯿﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫● ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻇﻬــﻮﺭ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺷــﻌﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﺘﻞ ﮐــﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬

‫ﮐﻞ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺍﯾﮑﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸــﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﯽ ﻣﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗــﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻞﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ‬

‫● ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻫﻮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﺳــﺮﻓﻪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭ ﻏﺸﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺴــﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴــﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻠﺒﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺒﺎﺱﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳــﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﻞ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽﮐﻪ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫــﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﻣﺤﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻤــﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻨــﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺩﯾﻔﯿﻮﺯﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺁﻻﯾﻨــﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﯾﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺮ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕ )ﺳــﻘﻒﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ( ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫● ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮏﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺗــﺎﻕ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﻠﺤﻔﻪ ﮐﺜﯿﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮﯼ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۶‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﯾــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫● ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧــﻪﺍﯼ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻃــﻮﺭ ﻋــﺎﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺩﯾﻔﯿﻮﺯﺭﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸــﯽ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺻﻼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻧﯿﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫● ﺩﺭ ﺳــﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳــﺘﺎﻧﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫● ﻟــﺮﺯﺵ ﮐﺎﻧــﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﮑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺼــﻮﺹ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﮑﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸــﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ‬

‫● ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺳــﯿﺐﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺐ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨــﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿــﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺭﮊﺍﻧﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒــﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﭙﻮﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷــﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﯾــﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻨــﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻃﺒﯽ ﺧﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺷــﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻠــﺖ ﺍﺛــﺮ ﻣﻨﻔــﯽ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻠﻮﺕ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﯾﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﭘــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺷــﯽ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‪ ،‬ﻫﺸــﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳــﺨﺖﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗــﯽ ﭘﺮﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗــﻒ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾــﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺟﻨﺎﺣﯽ ﺑــﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﺴــﺘﻄﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ( ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫــﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻌﯿــﺎﺭ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ )‪ (NC‬ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺗﮏ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺻﺪﺍ )ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﯽﺑﻞ‪ (dB ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻃﯿﻒ ﺍﮐﺘﺎﻭ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ NC‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ‪ NC‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﮎ ﺫﻫﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﺴــﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧــﺲ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧــﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺜﻼ‪:‬‬

‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪NC‬‬

‫● ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪ 90°F (32°C‬ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨــﺰﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ‬

‫ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ‪ ،(RH) 35%‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻡ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻤﺖ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺍﺱﭘﺮﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣــﺎﻥ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﺑــﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫● ﻣﺤﯿــﻂ ﺑــﺎ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ )‪ 90°F (32°C‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺧﻠــﻮﺕ ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽﮐــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻭﺭﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽﺷــﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺿــﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺷــﻨﯿﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑــﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ‪ (RH) 95%‬ﮔﺎﻫــﯽ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﺧﺪﺷــﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻻﯾﻞ ﻋﻤــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫● ﺍﻧﺘﻘــﺎﻝ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﻋﺎﯾﻖﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻃﺒــﯽ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾــﺎ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺮﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﮐﺎﺭﺍﻣﺪ ﺻﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﭘﯿﺶﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤــﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪) 80°F‬ﺣــﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪ (27°C‬ﮔﺎﻫــﯽ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﯽﻫــﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫● ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﻧﺎﺷــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻦﻫــﺎ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾــﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸﯽ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﯾﻔﯿﻮﺯﺭ‪/‬ﺭﺟﯿﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۷‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﭘﯿﺶﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﯾﺎ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺮﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﻻﯾﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻫﻤــﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺳــﻘﻒ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺣﺘﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺻﺤﯿــﺢ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼــﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﻨﺸــﺄ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳــﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﺶﺗــﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻄــﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻔﻮﻧــﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛــﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺿﻌﯿــﻒ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑــﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﻣﻨﺒﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴــﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺸﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﮐﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺳﺨﺖ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ( ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺸــﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ (50%‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﻻﺯﻡ‬

‫● ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦﻫــﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨــﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫــﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﺩﮔﯿﺮ )ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺩﮔﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ( ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫــﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﻗــﻊ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﺵ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥﻫــﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﯾﺦﺑﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﮐﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻟﺒﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟــﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩ ﺳــﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﯾﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﺑﻪﺳــﻤﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺁﯾﻨــﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺷــﺤﺎﺕ ﻻﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﮏ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺟﻤﻊﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻧــﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮎ‬

‫ﺁﺗﯽ ﻭ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮﮊﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺁﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ‬

‫● ﺳــﯿﻨﯽ ﻗﻄﺮﻩﮔﯿــﺮ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻦ ﺧﻨﮏﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﮎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ ﺣﯿﻮﺍﻧﯽ ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﯽ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﺁﻟﯽ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫● ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸــﯽ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‬ ‫● ﺗﻤﻬﯿــﺪﺍﺕ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﯾﺪﮐﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻇﯿﻔﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫● ﻭﺍﺣــﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻥ ﯾــﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫)ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ( ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸــﯽ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬

‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻧﺸﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪/‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺻﺤﯿــﺢ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧــﻮﺭﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺭﺳــﯿﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﻓــﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳــﯽ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺩﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫● ﺗﻤﻬﯿــﺪﺍﺕ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻀــﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑــﺮﺩﯼ‬

‫● ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻋﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥﺷــﺒﮑﻪﺍﯼ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﯿــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿــﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ‬

‫● ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﯾــﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒــﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﺧﺎﮎ‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮑﯽ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﯾــﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﻥ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﮒﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﻃــﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻻﻧــﻪ ﺣﯿﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‪،‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﮎ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﭼﻤﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﯾﺪﻩ‬

‫● ﻋــﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﺣــﯽ ﮐﻢﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓــﺎﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗــﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۸‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﯾﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ‪ 20%-15‬ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ‬

‫● ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺷــﻤﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻧﻈﺮﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺭﺍﯾﺰﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬

‫ﮐﻠﯽ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻧﺼــﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠــﺎ ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿــﺎﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﻮﺏ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﭘﻼﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﯾﻢ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺯﻭﺩﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﭼﯿﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎﺕ ﭘﻼﻥ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿــﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳــﺘﺮﺱ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔــﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺯﻭﺩﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫● ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫــﺎﯼ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟــﯽ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺟﺘﻨــﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﺩﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄــﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﺣــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑــﯽ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﺩﻫــﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣــﻞ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﯼ ﺍﻇﻬــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺑﯿــﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺸــﺮﻓﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﮐــﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺻﺘــﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺻــﻼﺡ ﻭ ﻓﯿﺪﺑﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﮏ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﻟﮏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﭘــﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﯾــﺪﻩﺍﯼ ﯾــﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﺣــﻞ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿــﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﮐﯿــﺪ ﺑــﺮ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺩﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻭ ﭘﯿﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﮐﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻫﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫● ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺗﺠﺴــﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺳــﻄﺢ ‪ 35%-30‬ﭘﯿــﺶ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳــﯿﻢ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺠﺴﻤﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﯾﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﮐــﻪ ‪ 65%-60‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻃــﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﮏ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽﺳــﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃــﺮﺍﺡ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﭘﯿﺶﺗﺠﺴــﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ‪...‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾﺰﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫● ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾــﺰﯼ ﻭ ﭘﯿﺶﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﮔﯿﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺭﻫﻨﻤﻮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻟــﮏ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾــﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨــﺪﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﭘﯿﺶﺗﺠﺴﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ‬

‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻌﻤــﺎﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ‬

‫● ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻋــﺎﺩﯼ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺗﯽ ﺟﻬﺖﺩﻫﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈــﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺗﯽ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬

‫)ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﺑﻨﺪﯼﻫﺎ( ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺗــﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﮐــﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫)ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸﯽ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭ ﺁﺏﺭﻭﻫــﺎ( ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﺼــﺐ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺳــﺎﯾﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺪﯾﻦﺗﺮﺗﯿــﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿــﺖ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺁﺗﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤــﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫● ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫● ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺴــﻢ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟــﺢ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾــﺮﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺸــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺘﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﯾﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃــﺮﺍﺡ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻋﻠــﺖ ﺗﻌــﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻗﻀﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫــﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷــﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓﺳــﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﯾﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﺭﺳــﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽﮐﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻠــﯽ ﻭ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑــﯽ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿــﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺁﺗﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾــﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺤــﺪﻭﺩ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﺍﺗﻤــﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺗﺠﺴــﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻥ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻗﻼﻧﻪﺗﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﮐﻠــﯽ ﺁﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ )ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻓﻮﻕ(‪،‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦﻃــﻮﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﭘــﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑﻪﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻀــﺎﯼ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻣﺤﺘــﺎﻁ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺘﯽ‬

‫ﻓﻀــﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﯾــﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻃﯿــﻒ ﻭﺳــﯿﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾــﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻃــﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺗﺶﺳﻮﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺴــﻤﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻃﺒــﯽ ﻭ ﺧﻄــﻮﻁ ﺗﻠﻔــﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬

‫ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﮐــﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗــﯽ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗــﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺭﺳــﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺧــﻮﺏ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﯼﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻨﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸــﯽ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻭ‬

‫ﻭ ﭼﯿﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻌﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ )ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﻭ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ‪...‬‬

‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺐ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ( ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨــﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑــﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴــﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳــﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﻨــﻮﺯ ﺗﻌﯿﯿــﻦ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺸــﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﺸــﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸــﯽ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ )ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‪ ،(...‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻧﺼﺐ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﺩﻫﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺴــﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻃــﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﺯ ﺣﯿﻄﻪ ﻣﺴــﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺴــﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺟــﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨــﮓ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺸــﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺷــﺎﭖ )ﻧﺼــﺐ(‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﯿﻔــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺳــﻨﺠﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷــﺎﻧﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪﺑﻌﺪﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶﻫــﺎ ﯾــﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪﺳــﻄﺤﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ )ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻀﻌﯿﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ(‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻗﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﻃــﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻓﻀــﺎﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺷــﻠﻮﻍ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺡ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ‬

‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺯﯾــﻊ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﮔﺬﺭﻧــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﯾﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸــﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﮎ ﺗﺠﺴﻤﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺗﺎﺛﯿــﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑـﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺯﺭﺳـﺎﻧﯽ‪/‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑــﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﺋﻞﻫــﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺘﯿﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺮﺯﯼ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯽ ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳــﺎﺯ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺯﺭﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﺗﯿﺸــﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﺧﺎﮎ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺒﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺭﻓﺖﻭﺁﻣﺪ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺖﻭﺁﻣﺪ ﭘﺮﺳــﻨﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫ﭘﺮﺳــﻨﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳــﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳــﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸﯽ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿــﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑــﯽ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳــﻼﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻤﻨــﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺣــﺬﻑ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻫــﺎ ﯾﺎﭘﺎﺭﺗﯿﺸــﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪﺍﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘــﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴــﮑﻮﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺎﮐﺮﻭﺑﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﯾــﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻤﺖﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾــﺰﯼ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧــﺖ ﻣﺎﻟــﮏ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪ ﺗــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒــﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﻧﺴــﺒﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺯﯼ ﻭ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒــﺎﺭ ﯾــﺎ ﺧﺎﮐﺮﻭﺑــﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿــﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺘﻀــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳــﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿــﺰ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟــﺰﺍﻡ ﮐــﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﺷــﺪﯾﺪﺍ ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﮐﻤﮑﯽ ﻫﭙﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳــﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭﺳﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠــﯽ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻫﻤــﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳــﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺯﺑﯿﻠﺖ‬ ‫)ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ( ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﯿﺮ ﮐﻢﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﻓﻘــﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ ﺍﺯﺑﯿﻠﺖ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻧﺒــﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺳــﻌﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤــﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺤــﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۱‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤــﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺧــﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺣﯿﻄﻪ ﻣﺴــﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫــﺎﯼ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑــﯽ ﯾــﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻼﺣــﺎﺕ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶﻫــﺎﯼ ﺁﺗﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕــﯽ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻟﮑﺎﻥ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﺘﯽ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻟﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺑﯿﻠﺖ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻏﺎﻓﻠﮕﯿﺮ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾﺰﯼ‬

‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳــﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻀﻌﯿﻒ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧــﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻋﯿﻦﺣﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺴــﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺎﻟﮏ‬

‫ﮔــﺮﻭﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۲‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪The Practical Pumping Handbook :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺑﯽ ﺍﺯ ‪ Q1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ ،Q2‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺑﯽ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺳــﯿﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‪ 1‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻫــﺪ ﮐﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ H1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ ،H2‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯﺍﯾﻦﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿــﻢ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬

‫‪ a k‬ﯾﺎ ‪H2 a k‬‬ ‫‪N1‬‬ ‫‪H1 = D1‬‬

‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪N2 2‬‬

‫‪D2 2‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫● ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ؛‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ‪.‬‬

‫● ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ‪20‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﯼ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧــﯽ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺑﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ‪20‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﯼ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﭘﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﻤﻊﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﮐﻠﯽ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﯼ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺭﺍ »ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ« ﻣﯽﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺯﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪ D1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ ،D2‬ﺩﺑﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ‪ Q1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ Q2‬ﻣﯽﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ a k‬ﯾﺎ ‪HP2 a k‬‬ ‫‪N1‬‬ ‫‪HP1 = D1‬‬

‫‪N2 3‬‬

‫‪D 2 Q2‬‬ ‫‪D1 = Q1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣــﺎ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪ D1‬ﺑــﻪ ‪ ،D2‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬

‫‪D2 3‬‬

‫ﻫﺪ‬

‫ﻫﺪ ﮐﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ H1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ H2‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﺬﻭﺭ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪D2 k2 H2‬‬ ‫‪D1 = H1‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2 D 2‬‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫‪Q1 = D1‬‬

‫ﺩﺑﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (10‬ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﻣﺰﯼ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪﺷــﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﺜــﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪ 25hp‬ﻭ ‪1800rpm‬ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪3600rpm‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ‬

‫‪HP2‬‬ ‫‪3600 3‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪25 = 1800‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪ 25hp‬ﻭ ‪ 1800rpm‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑــﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪ 200hp‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫‪ 3600rpm‬ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺑﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ‪ 25hp‬ﺧﺮﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﯿﺪ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺵ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ 200hp‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (11‬ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺯﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻨﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ ﻟﺰﺝ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻫﺪ ﻣﮑﺸﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻻﺯﻡ )‪ (NPSHR‬ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺧﻤﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﯼ ﺳــﯿﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﺰﺝ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪﺗﺪﺭﯾﺞ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺯﺩ؛ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺟﺎﯾﯽﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﯾﻦﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ‪NPSHR‬ﺟﺪﯾــﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺑــﺎﺭﻩﯼ ﺧﻤﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪3‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧــﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟــﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪6‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﯾﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪﯼ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﯽ ﺧﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪10‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﯼ ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪،‬‬

‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﭘﯿﭽﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪ 5‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺣــﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ؛ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽﻫــﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﯿﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺯﯾﺎﻥﺑﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﯼﮐﻪ ﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﺗﻮﺟﻪﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺟﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (11‬ﺗﺮﺳــﯿﻢ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﮐــﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨــﻪ )‪ (BEP‬ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯﺁﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻟﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﯼ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺣﻮﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺍﻭﯾﻪﺍﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﮏﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ‪ 8‬ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﺧﻨﺜﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺍﯾﻦﻫﻤﻪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۴‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫‪Qn x F‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (12‬ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻟﯿﮑــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﯾﻪﯼ ‪ 60°‬ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺮﻭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻟﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻣﯽﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺑﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺸﯽ ﭼﺸﻢﮔﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗــﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﯼ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ 13in‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪﯼ ﺩﻭﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﯽﺭﺳــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﺷــﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪F = Fso<1 - c‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ :Fso‬ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ؛‬ ‫‪ :x‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ؛‬ ‫‪ :Q‬ﺩﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ )‪(gpm‬؛‬ ‫‪ :Qn‬ﺩﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ )‪ (BEP‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪.gpm‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺷــﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ‪ Q = 0‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺁﺭﺍﯾــﺶ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾــﯽ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ؛ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﯼ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﭘﯿﺪﺍﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷــﻌﺎﻋﯽ‪ 10‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‪) 11‬ﺩﺑﯽ ﺻﻔﺮ(‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ‪ 12‬ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫)‪ (Kso‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺁﻥ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 0.15‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ 0.38‬ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ‪ (Fso) 14‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (12‬ﻧﯿﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪﯼ ﺗﮏﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Fso = Kso × Pso × D × B‬‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ :Kso‬ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ؛‬ ‫‪ :Pso‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ؛‬ ‫‪ :D‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ؛‬ ‫‪ :B‬ﻋﺮﺿﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﯿﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻩﻫﺎ(‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﯼ ‪ 13in‬ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ‪ ،3600rpm‬ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺷــﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ 800 lb‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﺳــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ )‪ ،(x‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺯﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (13‬ﻧﯿﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﯼ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۵‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (14‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺑﯽ )‪ ،(Q‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺮﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪﺍﯼ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﺤــﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ‪ X‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤــﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩﯼ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﮐﺎﺳــﻪﻧﻤﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷــﺘﻦ ﺩﺑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺷــﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﮐﺎﺳــﻪﻧﻤﺪ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺴــﺌﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺮﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ (0.5mm) 0.02in‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (12‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ )‪ (x‬ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 0.7‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ‪ 500‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ‪ 3.3‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ‪ 3500‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧــﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺑﯽﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ 600lb‬ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪y = F < L 3 - A 3 + A3 + L S + 3 X‬‬ ‫‪IL‬‬ ‫‪Ia‬‬ ‫‪Is‬‬ ‫‪3E‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪c L - A + A + 2LS m + X F‬‬ ‫‪IL‬‬ ‫‪Ia‬‬ ‫‪3I s‬‬ ‫‪2Ia‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﯾﻨﺮﺳﯽ‪ 15‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪.64/I = π × d4‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﻗﻮﯼ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾــﯽ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﭼﻨﯿــﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﯽﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1. Peripheral Velocity‬‬ ‫‪2. Rotational Speed‬‬ ‫‪3. Positive Displacement Pumps‬‬ ‫‪4. Fluidity‬‬ ‫‪5. Positive Displacement Screw Pump‬‬ ‫‪6. Axial Hydraulic Loads‬‬ ‫‪7. Radial Hydraulic Loads‬‬ ‫‪8. Single Volute Pumps‬‬ ‫‪9. Double Volute Casing‬‬ ‫‪10. Radial Thrust‬‬ ‫‪11. Shut-Off Condition‬‬ ‫‪12. Shut-off Head‬‬ ‫‪13. Radial Thrust Factor‬‬ ‫‪14. Radial Force‬‬ ‫‪15. Moment Of Inertia‬‬ ‫‪16. Slenderness Ratio‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۶‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC water chillers and cooling towers :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺟﺮﺝ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﮐﺮ ﻧﺨﺴــﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻩﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺷــﺶ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺑــﺮﺝ »ﺍﺗﻤﺴــﻔﺮﯼ« ﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪﯼ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﻓﻦ)ﻫﺎ(‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺮﮐﺮﻩﺍﯼ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺛﻘــﻞ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺭﯾﺨﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﯾﮏ‬

‫ﮐﺮﮐﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺨﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﯽ ﺷــﮑﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑــﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﯿﺸــﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺟﺰﺀ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺩﮐﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺸــﯽ ﻭ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺸــﯽ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺏﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺁﺑﺸــﺎﺭﯼ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻫﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ‪ L/G‬ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒــﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ‬

‫‪ 1980‬ﺭﻭﺍﺝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺪﺭﯾﺞ ﺗﺨﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺎﺯﻝﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﯿﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ PVC‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﯿﻠﻪﻫﺎﯼ ‪ V‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫ﮐــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻤﺖ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺟﺎﺭﯼ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﯾــﮏ ﻓﻀﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬

‫ﭘــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﺮﺍﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒــﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﭘﺎﺷــﺶ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸــﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻪﺷــﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﯾﺎ ﺷﮑﺴــﺘﻦ ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 3‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 7‬ﮔﺎﻟــﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ‬

‫ﺯﯾــﺎﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑــﺮ ﭘﻮﺳــﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻭ ﺯﻧﮓﺯﺩﮔﯽ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺁﯾﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﯽ ﮔﺮﺍﻥﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺁﺏ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯾﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻬﺒــﻮﺩ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﺗﺒﺨﯿــﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﯿــﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪.(1‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﻩﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 1960‬ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺷــﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﯿﻌﺎﻥ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻗــﺪﻡ ﺑﻌــﺪﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺒــﻮﺩ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﯾــﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﯾﺦﺳﺎﺯ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫــﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﺭﯼ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 1940‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺁﻫﺴــﺘﻪﺗﺮ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﯾﮏ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﮎ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﯿــﺰﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﻘﯿــﻖ ﻭ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪،1898‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۷‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪ ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ ﻧﺎﺯﮎ ﻧﻮﻋــ ًﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺁﺏ‬

‫)ﺍﻟﻒ(‬

‫ﻧﺎﺯﮎ‪ PVC‬ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﻣﻮﺝﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﯾﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﯼ ﮐﻞ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﮐﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪.(2‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤــﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠــﯽ ﭘــﺮﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥﺗــﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺁﺑﺸــﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺁﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫)ﺏ(‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠــﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ )ﯾﺎﻣﺸــﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﺝ(‬ ‫ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﻋﯿﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻢ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ِ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺎﺷــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺷــﻐﺎﻝ )ﺑﺮﮒ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﮐﺜﯿﻒ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ( ﻭ‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﮐﺜﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﯿــﺰ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑــﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﻩﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﯾﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﯿﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺏﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮐﺮﮐﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻭ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ )ﭼﻮﺏ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪) 1‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺨﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﯾﮏ ﻭ )ﺏ( ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺜﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۸‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠــﻮﻝ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺭﻭﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺛــﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺷﺴــﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳﯿﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﻃــﻮﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧــﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻻﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﯼ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺭﻭﮐﺶ ﺭﻭﯼ‪،‬‬

‫)ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﻃــﻮﺏ(‪ .‬ﻣﻘﻄــﻊ ﺻﻔﺤــﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳﯿﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺿﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ّ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺯﻣﯿــﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﮐﻠﺮﯾــﺪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺭﻭﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﯾــﺎ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻢﺩﻣﺎ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 1960‬ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳــﻄﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﻧﺨﺴــﺖ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣــﺬﺍﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ‬

‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﭼﻮﺏ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺭﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻣﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻋﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﺏ ﮐﺎﺝ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﻠﺮﯾﮏ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ ﮔﺬﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ‬

‫ﮐﻠﺮﯾــﺪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿــﻮﻡ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤــﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﻩﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﯾﻮﺍﭘﮑﻮ(‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆﻫــﺎﯼ ﭼــﻮﺏ ﺍﺛــﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﯿﻄــﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠــﻮﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺭﺍﯾﺞ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﭼﻮﺏ ﮐﺎﺝ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫‪ CTI 114‬ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫‪ CTI 119‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﯾــﺐ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﮏ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏﭘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻔــﺎﯼ ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪214‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴــﻪ ﻣﻠﯽ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺗﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﯾــﺮﺍ ﭼﻮﺏ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻗــﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫــﻪ ‪ 1950‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫ﻭ ‪ .2‬ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ ﯾــﺎ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺩﯼﮐﺮﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫــﻪ ‪ 1980‬ﺑــﻪ ﺑﻌــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨــﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳــﯿﻮﻥ ﺑــﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺧﺸــﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺭﻭﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﻥ ﮐﻠﺮﯾــﺪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺧﺸــﮏ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫــﺮ ﭼﻨــﺪ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖﺗــﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻤﯿﺰﺗــﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﻣــﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟــﯽ ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳــﯿﻮﻥ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸــﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﯾــﮏ ﻻﯾﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﭘﻮﮐﺴــﯽ ﯾﺎ ُﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿــﺰﻩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﯾــﮏ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺭﻭﺵ »ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳــﯿﻮﻥ ﮔﺮﻡ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ « ﻧﺸﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻻﯾﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺧﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 1970‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﯾﻪ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳﯿﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻧــﺲ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻓــﻮﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺷــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻌﻤــﻮ ًﻻ ‪ 2.35‬ﺍﻭﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓــﻮﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﯾﺎ ‪ 7‬ﺍﻭﻧــﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓﻧﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤــﻮ ًﻻ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓﻧــﺰﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣــﺖ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﯿﺎﮊﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ) ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺑﻦﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪﻧﯿﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﻧﯿﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ( ﻭ ﮐﺮﻭﻣﯿﻮﻡ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺯﮎ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪﮐﺮﻭﻣﯿﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺁﯾــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌــﺮﺽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳــﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻣﯽ ﻧﺸــﯿﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣــﺮﻭﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪ ﺁﺳــﯿﺐ ﺑﺒﯿﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻﯾﻪ ﮐﺮﻭﻣﯿﻮﻡ ﺯﯾﺮﯾﻦ )‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 10.5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﻟﯿﺎﮊ( ﻭﻇﯿﻔﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒ ًﺎ ﻫﺮﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﯿﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﯼ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺯﻧﮓﻧﺰﻥ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺩﺍﺩ )‪TIG‬‬ ‫ﯾــﺎ ‪،(MIG‬ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﮕﯽ ﺿــﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺯﻧﮓﻧﺰﻥ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺯﻧﮓﻧﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺰﺵ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘــﻮﻥ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻫﺬﻟﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺧﯿﺮ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻧﻤــﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘــﺶ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﻔﯽ ﺑﻤﺎﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﻓﺮﻭﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻻﺱ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺳــﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺴــﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺯﻧﮓﻧﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺏ ﺳــﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 1/4‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 1/2‬ﺍﯾﻨﭻ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻨﯿﺪﻩ ﯾﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫــﻪ ‪ 1980‬ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳــﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ »ﺑﺎﺗﻞ« ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﺳــﯿﻔﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺪﺍﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﯽ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺳــﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺷــﺒﯿﻪ ﻗﺎﭺ ﮐﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭻ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﺴﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘــﺎﺕ ﺑﯽﻭﻗﻔــﻪ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺳﺮﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺴــﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﯾﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑــﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﯽ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺳــﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺮﮔــﺰ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺗﻨﯿﺪﻩ ﯾﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧــﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺟﻮﺵ‪ .1 :‬ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳﯿﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑــﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳــﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏﻫﺎ ﯾــﺎ ﻣﺨﺰﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﯼ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺯﯾــﻊ ﯾﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺳــﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﺏ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫ﺁﺏﮔﺮﻡ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺖ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺗــﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﺴــﺒﺘ ًﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﭘﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﯾﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﯾﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻨﺪ )‪ 4‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 6‬ﺍﯾﻨﭻ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺧﺸﮏ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑــﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺨﺴــﺖ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﯾــﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺻﻔﺤــﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻧﮕﻪﻣﯽﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺏ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭼﻮﺏ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺳــﺪﺭ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﯿﻤﺎﻧﯽ ‪ -‬ﺁﺯﺑﺴﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪1950‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻧﺪﻭ ﻭﻟﯽ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ‬ ‫‪ 1980‬ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳــﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺁﺯﺑﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ ﯾﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺍﮔــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﮐﺶ ﺍﭘﻮﮐﺴﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ(‪.‬ﺑﺮﺝ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ ﯾﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔــﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﯾﺒــﺮﮔﻼﺱ ﯾﺎ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓﻧﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑــﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﺛﻘﻠﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔــﺎﻉ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﻓﺖ‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺣﺮﮐــﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺝ ﯾﮑﺴــﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧــﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑــﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺻﻠﯿﺒﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌــﺮﺽ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻧﮑﺸﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺳــﺮﭘﻮﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﯾﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺷــﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺮﮐﺮﻩﻫـﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳـﺎﺯ ﻗﻄـﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻫـﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﮐﺮﮐﺮﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤــﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺯﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﺷــﺶ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑــﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺻﻠﯿﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺮﮐﺮﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺁﺏ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟــﺰﺀ ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤــﻖ ‪ 12‬ﺗﺎ ‪18‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘــﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 12‬ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﯾﺦﺯﺩﮔﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸــﺘﮏﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺠﯿﻢﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ ﻣﻮﺳــﻮﻡ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺁﺏﮔــﺮﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠــﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗــﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳــﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺣــﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﯾﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧــﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺻﻠﯿﺒﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺎﯾــﻞ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴــﺎﻭﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤــﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠــﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻫﺪﺍﯾــﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄــﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﺸــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﯾﺎ ‪ PVC‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻪ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪ‪) .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪90°‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ(‪ .‬ﺳــﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﯽﺍﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋ ًﺎ ﺍﯾﻦﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ‪ 0.1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 2.5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۱‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC design manual for hospitals and clinics :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﯾــﮏ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﯽ ﺑﻪﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﯾﺴــﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺒﯿﻦ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺷﮑﺎﻓﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑــﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮏﻫــﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ‪/‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠــﺎ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺸــﺮﯾﺢ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﯾـﮏ ﻣﺤﯿـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎ ﺑــﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺳــﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺷــﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﺑــﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﯾــﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤــﺎﻅ ﻣﺴــﻤﻮﯾﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﯿــﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ )‪ (PEL‬ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﯾــﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐــﺰﯼ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺳﺮﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪) 400 ppm‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ‪(A‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺷــﮑﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﺳــﯿﻌﯽ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﻭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪) 400 ppm‬ﺩﺳــﺘﻪ ‪ (B‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳــﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺍﺷــﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻪ‬

‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﺮﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ‪ 1‬ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬

‫ﺷــﻌﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺸــﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤــﺎﺩ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫‪ 3‬ﮐﻪ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﻏﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﯾﺦﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳــﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻓﻊ‬

‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻔﻆ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥﻫــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﯾــﮏ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬

‫ﺁﺳــﺎﯾﺶ ﻭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻓﻀﺎ ﻭ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺖ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻝ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺯﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﯾﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻀــﺎﯼ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝﺷــﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑــﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﻧﺒﺴــﺎﻁ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻟﻮﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﯼ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻄﻠــﺐ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻗــﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝﺷــﺪﻩ ﻧﯿــﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺑــﺰﺍﺭﺁﻻﺕ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﻣﯽﭘــﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻏﯿــﺮ ﺳــﻤﯽ ﺑــﻮﺩﻩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﯾﺰ‬

‫ﺍﺷــﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿــﻦ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺗﻤﺴــﻔﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﯿــﺮﺍ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﮑﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑــﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﺯﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۲‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ )ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ(‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪،ANSI.AHSRAE 15‬‬

‫»ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ )ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ(‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASHRAE 15‬ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ«‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﻞ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ‪ 100‬ﺍﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪75‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤــﺎﻝ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﺑــﺎﻻ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮔــﺮﻭﻩ ﯾﺎ‬

‫‪ (kW‬ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻊ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪﻋــﻼﻭﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 50%‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫● ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺿﻄــﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASHRAE 15‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺣﺘﺎ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺘﮕﯿﺮﺍﻧﻪﺗﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗــﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻼﺣﻈــﺎﺕ ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑــﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﺑــﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﯽﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻏﺪﻏﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳــﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﺸــﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻭﯾﮋﻩ‬

‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫● ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﭘﯿﻮﺳــﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻗﻒﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫● ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫● ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﻮﺭﻩﺍﯼ ﻭ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬ ‫● ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫● ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫● ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻼﺻﯽ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ )ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ( ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾــﺎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺟــﺰ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧــﯽ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿــﺖ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐــﺰﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣــﺪﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﯾــﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﯾــﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﮐــﺰﯼ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﯼ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫● ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫● ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬ ‫● ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﺧﻨﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺁﺷــﮑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻨﺠــﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔــﺮ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮑﯽ ﯾــﺎ ﻫﻢﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ‬

‫ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺑﻮﯾﻠﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺟﺰ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﮐﻤﺘــﺮ ﻭ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩﺗﺮ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺵ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺫﯾﺼﻼﺡ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺣﺘــﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﻮﯾﻠﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫــﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺯﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺩﺷــﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺗــﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﭘﻮﻧــﺪ ﺩﺭ ‪ 1000‬ﻓﻮﺕﻣﮑﻌﺐ‬

‫ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫)ﻣﻌــﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 62‬ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ( ﻓﻀﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺧﻼﺻــﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪15‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫● ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ASHRAE 15‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻮﯾﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺳﻘﻔﯽ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫● ﺗﺎﺛﯿــﺮ ﺯﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳــﯽ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫● ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻠﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫● ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺁﮐﻮﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑــﺎﻡ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬

‫ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫● ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺳــﻮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫● ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻓﻊ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑــﺎﻡ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩﻣﺪﺕ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺁﮐﻮﺳــﺘﯿﮏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻭﺩ‬

‫ﮐﻤﺘــﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪﺕ )ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﻭﯾﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫● ﺳــﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳــﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﻧﺤﻮﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳــﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻋﻠــﻢ ﺍﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺁﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﻪﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﯾﺴﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ ﻧﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﯾﻦﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑــﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑــﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻼﺣﻈــﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﺮﺍﻣــﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞﺭﻭﯾــﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥﮐﺸــﯿﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺎﺷــﯿﻦﺁﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺑﺴــﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﺤــﺮﮎ )ﯾﺎ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ(‬

‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﺟﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻦ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺪﺍﻥﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‪/‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﻓﻊ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﻮﻉ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺁﺗﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻨﺒــﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈــﻪ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾﺰﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦﺁﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺳــﻦ ﺑــﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻨــﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑــﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﺻﻠــﯽ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﯾــﻮﺍﺭﯼ ﯾــﺎ ﺳــﻘﻔﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ؛‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﯿﻞﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺳــﻨﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ؛ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﺮﻭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔــﺮ ﻓﻀــﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۴‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻟﮋﯾﻮﻧﻠﺴــﯿﺲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻨــﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﺒــﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬

‫ﺑــﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺟــﺪﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳــﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺠﺸﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﯾــﮏ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺏ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷــﻐﺎﻝ ﻓﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺩﻭﺩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺩﺭﺳــﺘﯽ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﯾﺰ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﮔﯿــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠــﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺁﺏﻭﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺗﻔﮑﯿــﮏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮﯼ ﺗﺠﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺳــﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺍﺧﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻼﻣﺖ ﺳــﺎﮐﻨﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ‬

‫ﭘﯿــﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫‪ ASHRAE‬ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﮎ ﺍﯾﻨﮑــﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧــﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﯾﻤﻢ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺭﺳﯿﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ )ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴــﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﯼﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﺁﻥ( ﺭﺥ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﺝ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺠــﺪﺩ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺗــﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺧﺸــﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻠﯿﺪﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﯽﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻋﯿﻦﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠــﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨــﺪ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﺳــﺘﺨﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧــﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﯾﺪﻩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﯿﯿــﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﯾﻞ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻣــﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺗــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻠﯿﺪﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺻــﺮ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫● ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻧﯽ‬

‫ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫● ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ‪100%‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻧﯽ‬

‫● ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ‬

‫● ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫● ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺟــﻮﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋــﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫● ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣــﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺁﺏﻭﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﮎ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨــﺪﯼ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺑــﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﯾــﺪ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺣﺎﯾﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ 26‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 31‬ﺩﺳــﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫‪ ASHRAE 2001‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪(ASHRAE 2001a) .‬‬

‫● ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺗــﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐــﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺥ‬

‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾــﯽ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﺨــﺎﺏ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﺝ‬

‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺗﺮﻏﯿﺐ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺁﺏﻭﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫● ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‪،‬‬

‫● ﺑﺎﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ؛ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ‪ ،‬ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﻔــﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿــﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ‬

‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪﭼﺸــﻢ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬

‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﺮ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨــﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳــﯿﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳــﻨﺠﺶ ﺭﺧﺪﺍﺩ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺑــﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﯿــﻦ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۵‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫)ﺧﻨﮏﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ(‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺍﻭﺝ‬

‫ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾــﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻــﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨــﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻕﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻨﮏﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﺝ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﮏ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺟﺰﯾﯿﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬

‫ﺁﺳــﺎﯾﺶ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳــﻌﺖ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺿــﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔــﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳــﯽ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﯿــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺝ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ‪ ،‬ﯾــﮏ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ‬

‫ﺣﺘــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼــﮏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷــﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑــﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗــﺮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘــﺮﯼ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺳــﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻌــﺪﺩﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﯿﺸــﻪ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﮐــﺰﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨــﮏ‪ ،‬ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺳــﺎﺩﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺟﺎﺭﯼ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃــﻮﻝ ﻋﻤــﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔــﺬﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨــﺪ ﺑــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩﺷــﺎﻥ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑﮐﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬ ‫ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫــﺎ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫــﺎﯼ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿــﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﯽ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ )‪.(DuPont 2000‬‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﯾﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤــﺖ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺧــﺎﺹ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯼ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺍﻭﺝ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﺑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ )‪(COP‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ COP .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﻮﺧﺖ‬

‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺴــﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪﺧﺼــﻮﺹ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺻــﺪﻕ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﻗﺴــﻤﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻓﺴﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ COP .‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﮏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺷﻌﻠﻪﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﯾﺎ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪90.1-2001 ،ASHRAE‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳــﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣــﻞ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﯽ )‪(ASHRAE 2001d‬‬

‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺩﺧﯿﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﻋﻤــﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽﻣﺪﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASHRAE‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻫﺪﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﯿــﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ ﻭ ﮐﻮﻣﻮﻟﺪ )ﺯﯾﺴﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻌﯿــﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺩﻩ( ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣــﺎﻥ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ‪» ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾــﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﯿﻮﺳــﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺳــﻮﺧﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫ﺟﺰﯾــﯽ« )‪ (IPLV‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ IPLV .‬ﻋﺪﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۶‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ‪(COP)1‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫‪(ILPV)2‬‬ ‫‪4.6–5.8‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬

‫‪50–230; 400‬‬ ‫)‪(17609; 1407‬‬

‫‪4.2–5.5‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﮑﺮﻭ‬

‫‪70–400; 1250‬‬ ‫)‪(246-1407; 4396‬‬

‫‪4.9–5.8‬‬

‫‪5.4–6.1‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ )ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ(‬

‫‪200–2000; 10,000‬‬ ‫)‪(703-7034; 35170‬‬

‫‪5.8–7.1‬‬

‫‪6.5–7.9‬‬

‫ﺗﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ‬

‫‪100–1700‬‬ ‫)‪(352-5979‬‬

‫‪0.60–0.70‬‬

‫‪0.63–0.77‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ‬

‫‪100–1700‬‬ ‫)‪(352-5979‬‬

‫‪0.92–1.2‬‬

‫‪1.04–1.30‬‬

‫‪100–3000; 10,000‬‬ ‫)‪(352-10551; 35170‬‬

‫‪1.5–1.9‬‬

‫‪1.8–2.3‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪.1‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ xx-xxx‬ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (kW‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ‪ COP‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ‪ COP‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ]‪Btu‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‪Btu /‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ[‪ kW] ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‪ kW/‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ[‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾــﮏ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺑــﺮ ﭘﺎﯾــﻪ ‪ COP‬ﺑــﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ‬

‫])‪ 3.516/(Ton/Kw‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ‪Ton/‬‬

‫ﮐﯿﻠــﻮﻭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺗــﻦ )‪ kW‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬

‫)‪ Kw (kW/kW‬ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫‪/kW‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫــﺎﯼ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪COP .‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ‪ 50% ،75% ،100%‬ﻭ ‪25%‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ‪IPLV‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫»ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﻏﯿﺮﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ«‬ ‫)‪ (NPLV‬ﻣﻌﯿــﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﯿــﺪ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻗــﺖ ‪ IPLV‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ‪ IPLV‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣــﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﻗﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻦ )‪ (kW/kW‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺍﻭﺝ‪،IPLV ،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ NPLV‬ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﯾﮕــﺮﯼ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﺻﯿــﻒ ‪COP [COP -‬‬

‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫــﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺳــﺖ )‪.(DuPont 2000‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑــﻪ ﭼﻨــﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﯿﻨﮏﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣــﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ )ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﯾﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺮﺯﻣﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺷــﻬﺮ(‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۷‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC water chillers and cooling towers :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ )ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﺏ( ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﯽ ﻭ ﺯﻧﮓﺯﺩﮔــﯽ ﻭ ﮐﺜﯿﻔــﯽ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏ‪ ،‬ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ّ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ﯾﺎ ﻻﯾﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﯾﮏ ّ‬ ‫ﺣﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﺴﺮﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﯾﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯽ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺯﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺁﻫﮏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺁﻫﮏ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ ﻭ ﮐﻠﺴــﯿﻢ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﯾﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﮐﻠﺴــﯿﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾــﻢ ﻭ ﯾﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﯽﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼ ًﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪﻗﺪﺭ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺁﻫﮏ ﺁﺏ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﺁﻫﮏ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺣﻞ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﺯﯾــﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺁﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﺴﺮﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﺗﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎ‪ ، PH،‬ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ 70‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺩﻣﺎﺳــﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺒﮏ ﺗﺎ ‪85‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺩﻣﺎﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺏ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ‬

‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫)‪(ppm) (CaCo3‬‬

‫ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺁﺳــﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴــﯿﻢ‬

‫‪0 -75‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬

‫‪76 -150‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﺳﺨﺖ‬

‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪151 -300‬‬

‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﯾﮏ ﻋﺎﯾﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ‬

‫‪over 300‬‬

‫ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺳﺨﺖ‬

‫ﻭ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺸــﺨﯿﺺ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫)‪ (CaCo3‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﯾﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﯾــﺎﺩﯼ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬

‫‪: ppm‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۸‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫‪ :PH‬ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﻭ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﮋﻥ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ PHS‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ‪H+‬‬

‫)‪(2‬‬

‫ﯾﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ‪OH-‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﯾﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪ +H‬ﻭ ﯾﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ‪ -OH‬ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪PHa=12.3-(log 10 Ca+log 10 TA+0.025T+ 0.011TDS 0.5‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‪ PH ،‬ﯾﮏ ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ﻟﮕﺎﺭﯾﺘﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﯾﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ‪ +H‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ .(2‬ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ = ‪T‬‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﮏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﯼ ‪ PH‬ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ‪ 100‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ca = ppm‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﯿﺪﯼ ﯾﺎ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪TDs = ppm‬‬

‫ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬

‫ﮐﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪TA = ppm‬‬

‫ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ‪ LSI‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺍﺯ ‪) +3‬ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﯿﻞ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩ( ﺗﺎ ‪-3‬‬

‫‪) ppm‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻥ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﯾﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ‪) -H‬ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﯿﺪ(‪،‬‬

‫)ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﯽ ﻭ ﺯﻧﮓﺯﺩﮔــﯽ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ( ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫‪) Hco3-‬ﺑﯽﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ( ﻭ ‪) CO22-‬ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ( ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬

‫ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ‪ LSI‬ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﯾﺎ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ًﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‪ PHa‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﯿﺪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ‪ PH‬ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿــﻦ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫــﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 4.4‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒ ًﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻣﯽﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﻤﯽ ﺁﺏ‬

‫‪) ppm‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻥ( ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺧﻨﺜﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺣﻞ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﺴــﺮﯼ ﺍﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺁﻫﻦ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1936‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ »ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺮ«)‪،(LSI‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺳــﯿﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ PH‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺷــﯿﻤﯽ ﺁﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﯿﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،1944‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (2‬ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ‪PH‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳﯿﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ »ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺎﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺭﯾﺰﻧﺮ« )‪ (RSI‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (3‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ +H‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬

‫‪RSI=2(PHa)-PHs‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻋــ ًﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ‪ RSI‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 3.5‬ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﯿﻞ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 9‬ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖ ﺩﻗﺖ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ‪ PHa‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ RSI‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ LSI‬ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺷــﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﯼ ‪ LSI‬ﻭ ‪ RSI‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 1970‬ﯾﮏ ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﮐﻮﺭﯾﻮﺱ )‪ (PSI‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ‪PH‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ LSI‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (1‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌــﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫‪LSI=PHa-PHs‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ PH‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ = ‪PHa‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (4‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬

‫‪ PH‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ = ‪PHS‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪PSI=2(PHs)-PHeq‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫‪PHeq=1.465Log10TA+4.54‬‬

‫)‪(5‬‬

‫‪ PH‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪PHeq = (5‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ = mu/BD‬ﺳﯿﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪PSI‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ RSI‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻭ ﺯﻧﮓﺯﺩﮔﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ‪ PH‬ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ‬

‫ّ‬ ‫‪=mu‬ﮐﻞ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 4‬ﻭ ‪ 10‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪ (1‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣــﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻄﻠــﻮﺏ ‪PH‬ﺑﯿﻦ‬

‫‪=BD‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬

‫‪ 8‬ﻭ ‪ 9‬ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻝ )‪ppm‬‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺁﺏ‪ ،E ،‬ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﯾــﮏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫‪ 400‬ﯾــﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ(ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ‪ PH ،‬ﺑﯿﻦ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ mu ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬

‫‪ 7‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 8‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳــﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳــﻔﯿﺪ‬

‫)‪ (6‬ﺟﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ )‪ (E+BD‬ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (6‬ﺁﻥﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾــﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (7‬ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪-1‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﯿﮑﻞ( ‪BD=E/‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ‪ PH‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 7.5‬ﺗﺎ ‪8.5‬‬

‫)‪(7‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳــﯿﮑﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺳــﺨﺘﯽ ﻭ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺳــﺨﺘﯽ ﻭ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﺴــﺮﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (6‬ﺑﺪﺳــﺖ ﻣﯽﺁﯾــﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﯾﮏ ‪ PH‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺷــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻭ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬

‫‪ BD‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺩ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺣﻞ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺴﺮﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺩﺳــﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺳﯿﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳــﺨﺘﯽ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺣﻞ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ ppm‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬

‫‪ /‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺣﻞ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴــﺐ ‪ ppm‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﯿﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﮔﺮﺍﻥﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄــﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪ (6‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴــﺐ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺳــﺨﺘﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (3‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ )ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ 3‬ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬

‫ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺗﻦ(‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾــﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩﯼ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﯿﮑﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 6‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ‪ 5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺳﯿﮑﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 6‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 10‬ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ‪ 2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺳــﯿﮑﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪20‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 5‬ﻭ ‪ 10‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﺱ ‪LSI،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ‪ PH‬ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ RSI‬ﯾﺎ ‪ PSI‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ (.‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺳﯿﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳــﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿــﮏ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﺐ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﺁﻧــﺪ )ﻗﻄﺐ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ( ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﮐﺎﺗﺪ‬ ‫)ﻗﻄﺐ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ( ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺧﺮﺍﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ ﻓﻠﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺪ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺗﺪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺗﺪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻟﯿﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪.(2‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺁﻧﺪﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻫﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﺎﯾﯿﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﯿﮑﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺳﯿﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 5‬ﺗﺎ ‪10‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳــﺨﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﯾﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻑ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﯿﻞ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻧﻤﮏ ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﯽﻧﺸﯿﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺭﺷﺪ ﮐﺮﯾﺴﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﯽﭼﺴﺒﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﯾﺞﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫»ﭘﻮﺳﻔﻨﺎﺕ« ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺁﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﯾﮑﺎﻝ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﯿﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺘﯽ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﯾﺎ ﺯﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺁﻫــﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺗﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺁﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺩﺍﯾﮑﺎﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﯿﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺭﮔــﯽ ﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﺟﺰﺀ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻭ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺪ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺗﺪﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻠﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ًﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺴــﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ‪ HEDP‬ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﮐﺮﯾﺴﺘﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﮏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﮔــﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﯿﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑــﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺴــﺒﯿﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﮏ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﮐﺮﯾﺴﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺳــﺮﯾﻊﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (3‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﮑﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫)ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗُﻦ(‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫)ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗُﻦ(‬

‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬ ‫)ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗُﻦ(‬

‫ﺳﯿﮑﻞ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۱‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﻋﻤــﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺩﻭ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ )ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻟﯿﺖ(‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺟــﺬﺏ ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ‪ :‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﻟﯽ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﯿﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺭ ﯾﺎ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﯿﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻣﯽﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺗﺪ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﯿﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﯽ ﺿﺨﯿﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﺷﯿﻤﯽﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ )ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﺘﺰﺩﺭﺑﻮﺭﻥ(‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﯿﻤﯽ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ‪ PH‬ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﯽ ّ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑــﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﯼ ﺁﺯﻭﻝﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻄﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫)ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ( ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺑﻨﺰﻭﺗﺮﯾﺰﻭﻝ )‪ (BZT‬ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺗﺮﯼﺁﺯﻭﻝ )‪(TTA‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓﻧﺰﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫‪ 15‬ﺩﺭﺻــﺪﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﺲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﯿﮏ ﯾﺎ ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﮐﺮﮐﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‪ ،‬ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺭﻭﮐﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﭘﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﯾﺎ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻧــﺪﯼ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻻﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﺳﯿﺐﺩﯾﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻋــ ًﺎ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﯼ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﯽﻓﺴــﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ُﺍﺭﺗﻮﻓﺴــﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ‬

‫ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﺧــﺮ ‪ 1970‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﭼﺸــﻤﮕﯿﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﯾــﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻭ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺻﻼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ‪ PH‬ﺍﺯ ‪6.5‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪ 7.5‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 9.5‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪).‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ(‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﮊﻩ »ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ« ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﮐﺶ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺷــﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﯿﻞ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﯿﺐ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ PH (4‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ُ .‬ﺍﺭﺗﻮﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺗﺎ ّ‬

‫‪ PH‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻤﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫‪7.5-8.5‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ‬

‫‪7.5-9.5‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪﺍﺕ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﯼ‬

‫‪ 7.5-8.5‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫ُﺍﺭﺗﻮﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﮑﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺗــﺪﯼ‪ PH ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ‬

‫‪ 7.5-9.5‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ 300-500 ppm‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺁﻟﯽ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﯾﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﺴﯿﺪﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ُﮐﻤﭙﻠﮑﺲﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺳــﺎﯾﺶ ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﺠــﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﯽ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪PH‬ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ 20‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 25‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺰ ﺭﻭﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪﺍﺕ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳﯿﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۲‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺁﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ ﺭﻭﮐﺶ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺏ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳﯿﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻇﺮﻑ ‪ 8‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﺏ ‪ 0.6‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 1‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬

‫‪ PH‬ﺁﺏ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ ، 6.5-8‬ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ‪100-300 pm‬ﻭ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ‪ 0.005‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳــﺮﺏ ﺗﺎ ‪0.005‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ 100-300ppm‬ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺗﺎ ‪ 0.4‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ‪ PH‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 8‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﻭ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪300ppm‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﯽ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﮐﻢ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ )ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪.(300ppm‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﺗﺮ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﮐﺶ‬

‫‪ .5‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳــﻔﯿﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺭﺥ‬

‫ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳــﯿﻮﻥ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﯾــﮏ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺮﻃــﻮﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺭﻭﮐﺶ‬

‫ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﮐﺶ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬

‫ﺍﭘﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﯾﺎ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﺎ ﻗﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬

‫‪ 20‬ﺳــﺎﻝ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ 2.35) .‬ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻓــﻮﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬

‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺗﺸﺘﮏﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪ PH‬ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 8‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ، 8.5‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳــﺎﻟﯿﺎﻥ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳــﻔﯿﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾــﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﮑﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﯾﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳــﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﮐﺶ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﮐﺶ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ‪ 10‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﯼ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪ PH‬ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 7-8‬ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﺒﺮﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺮﺝ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳــﻔﯿﺪ ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ًﺍ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﮐــﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯼﮐﺮﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳــﺪﯾﻢ ‪ 5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺭﯾﮏ‬ ‫‪ 0.1‬ﺩﺭﺻــﺪ‪ُ ،‬ﺑــﺮﺱ ﺯﺩﻥ ‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﯿــﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺱ ﺳــﯿﻤﯽ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺏﮐﺸﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﮕﻨﺠﺎﻧﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﻯ ﻟﺠﻦﻛﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪The Practical Pumping Handbook :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﭼﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﯾﺎ ﮔﻞﺁﻟﻮﺩ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣــﺪﯼ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﮑــﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿﺎﺕ ﭘﯿﺸــﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ‬

‫ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮐﻠﯿﺪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯﺁﻥﺟﺎﯾﯽﮐﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﺑــﺮ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺷــﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‪ 2‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻟﺠﻦﮐﺶ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﻤــﭗ ﻟﺠﻦﮐﺶ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾــﯽ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻏﻮﻃــﻪﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﮔﻞﺁﻟﻮﺩ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﺁﻭﯾﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺩﻻﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﻮﺷــﯿﺪﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﮐﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺸﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬

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‫ﺯﻩﮐﺸــﯽ ﺍﺻﻠﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺧﺮﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌــﯽ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻤﭙﯽ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﯿﻔﻪﯼ ﺳــﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﮐﺮﺩ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺭﺗﻘــﺎ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧــﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ‬

‫ﻭ ﮐﺎﺳــﻪﻧﻤﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻼﻓﯽ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﻪﺷــﮑﻞ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴــﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﯿﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺷــﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﻼﻑﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺷﻦﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳــﻮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﯿﭻ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﯼ‬

‫ﺷﻔﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 1ft‬ﻭ ‪ 3ft‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺗــﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬

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‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺷﻦ ﺷﻔﺖ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺮﻭﻫــﺎﯼ ﺷــﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧــﻪ ﻭ ﺗﮑﯿﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻠــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﯾﻖ ﮔﺮﯾﺲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧــﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﯿﭽﺸــﯽ‪ 5‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻥﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺩﻫﺶ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﭘﻤﭗﺷﺪﻩ ﻏﻮﻃﻪﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﺪﻧﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﻌﻄﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺯﺍﻧﻮﯾــﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻩﮐﺸﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﺼﻔﯿــﻪﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺘﯽ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳــﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﯼ ﺯﯾﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗــﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۴‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻭﻫــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻨﺠﯽ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﮐﺸــﯿﺪﻥ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﭼــﺎﻩ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﯿــﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪﯼ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟــﺰﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺸــﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺴــﺘﻐﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﯾﯿﭻﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺻﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡﺷــﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴــﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﻓﺮﻭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻟﺠﻦﮐﺶ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺮ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﯼ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺸﯽ‪ 7‬ﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﺮﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺩﻫﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻄﯽ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺁﻏــﺎﺯ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﮐﺎﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﯾﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛــﺮ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺟﺎﺫﺑــﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﯾﮏ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﭘﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷــﮑﻠﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﯿﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺎﺯ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﯽﺩﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﭘﯽ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺑﻨﺪﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ‪ 8‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﭘﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۵‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﯾﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﯽ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽﺑﺮ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

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‫ﮔﺮﻭﻫــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺑــﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿــﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻫﮏﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑــﻪ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤــﯽ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮑــﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﻫــﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻓﺸــﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺩﯾﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺩﯾﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﯾﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺷــﺪﻥ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑــﺎﺯ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﯾﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ؛ ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺷــﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﺪﯾﺪﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﮑﺸــﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ؛ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻧﺨﺴــﺖ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷــﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸــﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﮑﻨﺪﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (5‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺳــﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑــﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ؛ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﯽﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷــﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺑﻪﻭﺳــﯿﻠﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﭘﻤﭙﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺩﯾﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺭﺑﯿﺎﯾﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿــﻦ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ‪ NPSH‬ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﮑﺸــﯽ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺨــﺰﻥ ﻣﮑﺶ‪ 10‬ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻫــﻮﺍ‪ 11.‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (6‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﮑﺶ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺤﻈﻪﯼ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻌﺪﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﯽﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺪﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺨﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻭ ﺣﻠﻘﻮﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﭼﺮﺧﻪﯼ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘــﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﻣﯽﺩﻫــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ؛ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻣﮑﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۶‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻫﮏ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (5‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻣﮑﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﻫﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰﻡ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﻫﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺳــﻨﮕﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨــﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﯽ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (6‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﮑﺮﺭ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭼﺮﺧﻪﯼ ﭘﺮﺷــﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺧﻂ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻭ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﺷــﻮﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟــﺖ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﯽﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1. Float Switches‬‬ ‫‪2. Tail Pipe‬‬ ‫‪3. Drainage‬‬ ‫‪4. Submersible Pumps‬‬ ‫‪5. Torsional Loads‬‬ ‫‪6. Motor Electromagnetic Loads‬‬ ‫‪7. Suction Lift‬‬ ‫‪8. Seat‬‬ ‫‪9. Air Operated Double Diaphragm Pump‬‬ ‫‪10. Suction Reservoir‬‬ ‫‪11. Priming Chamber‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۷‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻰ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC troubleshooting guide, c2009 :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫‪(PSIA‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ)‪PSIA‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ)‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﭽﺎﻝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﻧﮕــﯽ ﻭ ﺻﻨﺎﯾــﻊ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺧــﻮﺍﺹ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻄﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺳﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﮐﻢ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﺳــﺘﺜﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﺼــﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪(113‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ))‪113‬‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (2‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎ )‪(°C‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎﯼ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺗ‬

‫‪(PSIG‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺞ)‪PSIG‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ)‬

‫ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺍﺯ ﺟﯿﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻼ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎ )‪(°F‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۸‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (2‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 1‬ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ )ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ( ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫‪ (1atm‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬ ‫))‪(1atm‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪ 25°C‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪1atm‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪25°C‬‬ ‫)‪(77°F) Btu/(hr)(ft)(°F‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫‪(1atm‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ))‪1atm‬‬ ‫‪(77°F‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﯾﺴﮑﻮﺯﯾﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪77°F)) 25°C‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫‪(1atm‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ))‪1atm‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬ ‫‪dynes/cm‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺍﻧﻌﮑﺎﺱ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪25°C‬‬ ‫)‪(77°F‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺍﻧﻌﮑﺎﺱ ‪ -‬ﺩﯼﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 1atm‬ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪25°C‬‬ ‫)‪) (77°F‬ﻧﯿﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ = ‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﯼﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫‪(1atm‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ))‪1atm‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﻼﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ »ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ« ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 1atm‬ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (2‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﻼﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ »ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ« ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪6‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪6‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪6‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪6‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪5a‬‬

‫ﺳﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪1atm‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬

‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ‪،‬ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪25°C‬‬ ‫)‪(77°F‬‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ )ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ(‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ (1atm‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪25°C‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ))‪(1atm‬‬ ‫)‪(77°F‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫‪ 25°C‬ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪1atm‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪25°C‬‬ ‫)‪(77°F) Btu/(hr)(ft)(°F‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﯾﺴﮑﻮﺯﯾﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪25°C‬‬ ‫)‪(77°F‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺍﻧﻌﮑﺎﺱ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪25°C‬‬ ‫)‪(77°F‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺍﻧﻌﮑﺎﺱ ‪ -‬ﺩﯼﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 1atm‬ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪25°C‬‬ ‫)‪) (77°F‬ﻧﯿﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ = ‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﯼﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫‪(1atm‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ))‪1atm‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﻼﻝ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ »ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ« ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 1atm‬ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۴۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۵‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (2‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﻼﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ »ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ« ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪25°C (77°F‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪6‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭ ﻩ‪،4‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪5‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭ ﻩ‪،4‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪5‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪6‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪5a‬‬

‫ﺳﻤﯿﺖ‬

‫‪ ،4‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪،4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪512‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪...‬‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬