2021 Singh Center for Nanotechnology Annual Report by Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Singh Center for Nanotechnology 2021 Annual Report

Member National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure

University of Pennsylvania

2021 Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Annual Report

Foreword 4

Covid-19 Pandemic 6

Facilities Updates & Usage 12

Research Highlights 20

Singh Center Initiatives 42

Graduates 60

Research News 66

Patents & Statistics 68

Research Achievements 69

Awards & Honors 70

Publications 76

Singh Center for Nanotechnology 2021 Annual Report .

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

A Message from the Director

As we work through the unprecedented challenges of the last two years, we continue to provide a stable research and innovation resource for our Mid-Atlantic nanotech community. This success is due in large part from the support provided by the University of Pennsylvania, the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI) program, and our network of engaged internal and external users. Together, we have worked through the pandemic to foster knowledge and pursue both fundamental and applied research during this era of uncertainty.

I’m pleased to share the news that the NSF has renewed funding support of the Singh Center for Nanotechnology through the NNCI program for another five years. The funding will support the Center’s infrastructure research, development, and educational outreach opportunities through 2025. The funding also supports the Center’s commitment to continue our mission of providing resources to our external users for the advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

In order to meet the needs of our community, we’ve worked arduously to balance our achievable short-term goals during this period of uncertainty, while remaining focused on our long-term strategy of innovation and sustainability. We’ve looked deeply into our Center’s operations, in large part because of the urgent need to identify alternative training methods, and to provide tools and equipment to our users under new safety guidelines that help ensure safe collaboration. Although undertaken with the specific needs and constraints of the pandemic in mind, we believe that this journey will provide our Center with a tremendous number of new opportunities and efficiencies as we contemplate emerging into a post-pandemic era.

Our Center has also continued its significant efforts in nanotechnology education and outreach, providing exposure, instruction and training opportunities to multiple constituencies, from K-12 students to our Graduate Student Fellows, (GSFs). These essential activities not only stimulate and engage student interest, but also provide much needed development opportunities in STEM fields. The short-term impacts of safe gathering guidelines have required us to reconfigure most of our outreach programs, including Nanoday and our Engineering Summer Academy at Penn, (ESAP) from in-person training to virtual interaction with limited disruption. It’s worthwhile to note that our staff members who managed the ESAP program created and shipped boxed experiment kits to each student form around the United States. These kits contained instruments and materials with 80 items (180 components, $400/package estimated value) so that the participants could experience 12 hands-on experiments and lab demonstrations to significantly augment their virtual interactions.

A crucial component to our long-term operational strategy has been the engagement from members of the Singh Center for Nanotechnology Internal Advisory Board, an amalgamation of faculty researchers from the School of Engineering and Applied Science, (SEAS) and School of Art and Sciences, (SAS) who assist with developing strategies that bolster growth and provide feedback on the Center’s operations to ensure that the policies and procedures of the Center are well aligned to the needs of the faculty.

We’ve been fortunate that our network of researchers are mobilizing to address the long-term solutions for the global implications of the future. The following examples of research investments showcase a collection of collaboration efforts to identify and address global issues that will be impactful in decades to come.

The Internet of Things for Precision Agriculture, (IoT4Ag), a new NSF-funded Engineering Research Center, (ERC) headquartered at the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Engineering and Applied Science. The IoT4g Center, headed by the SEAS Associate Dean of Research and Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Cherie Kagan, will combine the talents of more than two dozen researchers from Penn Engineering, Purdue University, the University of California, Merced, and the University of Florida, to transform the future of agriculture by creating and translating to practice Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for precision agriculture. In addition to these technological advances, IoT4Ag will train and educate a diverse workforce that will address the societal grand challenge of food, energy and water security.

An extension of the “Internet of Things” framework has also been the development of Nanoscale Internet-of-Things Research Community, a coalition of NNCI partners including, the Singh Center for Nanotechnology, (MANTH), the Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility, (CNF), the Southeastern Nanotechnology Infrastructure Corridor, (SENIC), the Nebraska Nanoscale Facility, (NNF), and the Kentucky Multiscale Manufacturing and Nanointegration Node (KY MMNIN). The purpose of this community is to exchange the work of NNCI users in the Nano-IoT research arena. The vision of this research community is that nanotechnology-enabled transducers will provide the input needed for data mining/big data processing so that we may understand complex system behavior. It is hoped that this community will catalyze the convergence of researchers from many intellectual backgrounds to establish advanced discoveries in nanoscience. A one-day symposium is scheduled for the fall.

The Autonomous Systems for Materials Development Workshop, hosted in 2019 at the Singh Center by Materials Science and Engineering Professor Eric Stach. In this workshop, more than 30 participants from academia, government, and industry including participants from Google, IBM, Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Dupont, Harvard, MIT, Carnegie Mellon University, DARPA, NIST, Air Force Research Laboratory, CCDC Army Research Laboratory gathered for three days to identify challenges and define the goals and pathways for future directions with autonomous systems for materials development. From this meeting stemmed ongoing discussions and a perspective article, “Autonomous Experimentation Systems for Materials Development: A Community Perspective,” published in July 2021, in the journal, Matter.

As our Center continues to fulfill our commitment to research and academic excellence, we realize there will be unavoidable obstacles in our path that require reevaluating our strategies of engagement. I’m again gratified by the support, hard work, and achievements of our community of faculty and staff as we continue to overcome these obstacles. We hope that the information on the following pages provides insight to our community’s accomplishments as we look forward to another exciting year.

Sincerely,

Mark G. Allen Director, Singh Center for Nanotechnology University of Pennsylvania

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

COVID-19 Pandemic Response

The emergence of the COVID-19 virus in the winter of 2020 made international news

due to its rapid transmission and casualty rate throughout the world. In realizing the virus’

proliferation, crippling impact and global severity, many safety measures were undertaken

by the Singh staff to reduce the spread of the virus.

In taking the necessary precautionary measures to safeguard human life and reduce

the risk of infection, the University of Pennsylvania suspended all in-person activity to all

but essential staff. The following pages describe the efforts that the Singh Center for

Nanotechnology have implemented and continue to practice during this crisis.

2020-2021

COVID-19 Response

COVID-19 Response In March, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a facility shutdown per University, City, and State regulations. This section describes how the Singh Center for Nanotechnology responded to the pandemic. The Singh Center Quattrone NanoFabrication Facility (QNF) shutdown The suspension of operations of the Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility (QNF) went into effect on March 17, 2020. While concern for human safety was our first priority, meticulous planning was also required for the cleanroom shutdown with a focus on maintaining functionality of our equipment and supporting components. Cleanroom staff were designated as essential workers in order to monitor and operate cleanroom tools on a daily basis during the school closure. Staff were put on a one-half-day, per person, M-F schedule of cleanroom inspection and exercising of tools. This process continued until the beginning of the phased reopening in June 2020. During this shutdown period, two COVID-related research projects were granted access to our facility, following a thorough review by the Associate Dean for Research of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Penn, to whom oversight authority was delegated from the Vice Provost for Research and the Deans of both Engineering and Arts & Sciences.

COVID-19 Response QNF Phase I Reopening: The University of Pennsylvania began phased resumption of research on June 8, 2020. A limited number of researchers (targeted population density of 20%) were permitted on campus on an opt-in basis. Singh Center staff began planning for this reopening in May. The first priority was to provide a safe workspace, making use of the latest knowledge about modes of coronavirus infection. This led to a set of procedures that emphasized mask wearing and physical separation of at least six feet, as well as hand and surface sanitizing. The internal deliberations were in part guided by discussions held with neighboring facilities within the region and facilitated by the Singh Center for Nanotechology’s leadership in organizing the Mid-Atlantic Nanofab Managers Meetings. A priority was also placed on maximizing availability of the Singh Center facility to all researchers, including those from external academic institutions and from industry, as long as they would not be under a travel restriction from either the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or the Philadelphia County Department of Public Health. Although under these conditions existing, already-trained users could return, no new users or visitors were allowed, and no tool training took place. Those researchers choosing to return to campus were required to complete an online training class and to show documentation from their supervisor of a request to begin research at the Singh Center. Approval of the documentation was funneled through the Office of the Associate Dean for Research.

In March, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a facility shutdown per University, City, and State regulations. This section describes how the Singh Center for Nanotechnology responded to the pandemic. The Singh Center Quattrone NanoFabrication Facility (QNF) shutdown The suspension of operations of the Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility (QNF) went into effect on March 17, 2020. While concern for human safety was our first priority, meticulous planning was also required for the cleanroom shutdown with a focus on maintaining functionality of our equipment and supporting components. Cleanroom staff were designated as essential workers in order to monitor and operate cleanroom tools on a daily basis during the school closure. Staff were put on a one-half-day, per person, M-F schedule of cleanroom inspection and exercising of tools. This process continued until the beginning of the phased reopening in June 2020. During this shutdown period, two COVID-related research projects were granted access to our facility, following a thorough review by the Associate Dean for Research of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Penn, to whom oversight authority was delegated from the Vice Provost for Research and the Deans of both Engineering and Arts & Sciences.

QNF Phase I Reopening: The University of Pennsylvania began phased resumption of research on June 8, 2020. A limited number of researchers (targeted population density of 20%) were permitted on campus on an opt-in basis. Singh Center staff began planning for this reopening in May. The first priority was to provide a safe workspace, making use of the latest knowledge about modes of coronavirus infection. This led to a set of procedures that emphasized mask wearing and physical separation of at least six feet, as well as hand and surface sanitizing. The internal deliberations were in part guided by discussions held with neighboring facilities within the region and facilitated by the Singh Center for Nanotechology’s leadership in organizing the Mid-Atlantic Nanofab Managers Meetings. A priority was also placed on maximizing availability of the Singh Center facility to all researchers, including those from external academic institutions and from industry, as long as they would not be under a travel restriction from either the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or the Philadelphia County Department of Public Health. Although under these conditions existing, already-trained users could return, no new users or visitors were allowed, and no tool training took place. Those researchers choosing to return to campus were required to complete an online training class and to show documentation from their supervisor of a request to begin research at the Singh Center. Approval of the documentation was funneled through the Office of the Associate Dean for Research.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

To comply with distancing requirements, occupancy limits were set for the cleanroom and laboratory spaces, and they were tracked by our online reservation system, IRIS. The cleanroom gowning area was reconfigured to eliminate mingling of garments from different users by creating individual garment boxes. Also, the pre-gown area and the final gown area were limited to one user each. QNF cleanroom staff gowning was relocated to a different location to limit overlap and reduce risk. For the QNF cleanroom, new protocols were created to mitigate possible spread of COVID-19. A sanitizing wipe-down station was set up outside of the gowning room and another was set up in the gowning room, each equipped with 70% IPA spray bottles. Users were supplied with cleanroom garments, safety glasses, and a weekly supply of face masks for use in the cleanroom. Face masks were to be worn properly over the mouth and nose. Anti-fogging wipes were provided to minimize fogging of safety glasses. Inside the cleanroom, each tool had the area in front of it taped out with striped tape to create boundaries help users visualize and maintain appropriate distancing. All of these new rules and procedures were documented in a five-minute training video and corresponding 18 question quiz. The video and quiz were disseminated and managed online. QNF Phase II Research: Phase II of the reopening commenced in July 2020 and allowed for an increase of the population density in the Singh Center (target 50% population density). With the rules and procedures set up in Phase I proving successful, tool training and new user onboarding was restarted. Both of these activities generally require in-person verbal instructions that are

occasionally less than six feet for short periods of time. In addition, a newer contact tracing application was developed by the School of Medicine (Penn OpenPass) that surveys users on a daily basis for symptoms or contact with infected individuals. This process is required to enter any campus facility. For tool training, the preferred process is to suggest training from a fellow lab member since they already exist as a common risk pool. They are also required to wear a lightweight face shield prophylactically, as is done at the School of Nursing and School of Medicine for their in-person clinical training. When lab member training is not possible, staff must do the training. Fortunately, prior to the pandemic, an initiative was already underway to move tool training to video, either to supplement, or in some cases, to replace in-person training, given the multiple advantages it provided. This has proved critical to minimizing staff time spent training. As with lab member training, a face shield is required for the instruction. New user orientation was already set up as an online process except for a final lab walkthrough, which allows staff to gauge understanding of the process and procedure, especially those that deal with safety. Here a face shield is used for the same reason. Should contact tracing become necessary, all trainees and trainers must submit a total of five PennOpen pass screenshots (two prior to training, day of training, and two post training days).

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

2020-2021

COVID-19 Response

COVID-19 Response (continued) Shutdown and Re-opening: Nanoscale Characterization and Processing Facility / Scanning and Local Probe Facility (NCF/SLPF) Similar to the QNF, the NCF/SLPF shut down quickly after initial warnings came out that the university was planning to cease normal operations in mid-March. The majority of the instrumentation in the SLPF is turn-key and can be powered on / off quickly. In the days preceding the university closure, staff backedup all recent user data to the facility’s cloud drive so students could access their data remotely if necessary. Interlock keys for the lasers and AFMs were removed from the labs to prevent unauthorized use. Much of the equipment in the NCF is more complex and special protocols were followed by the staff during shutdown to prevent catastrophic loss of functionality. As we received guidance from the university on reopening plans, we coordinated internally with other units within the Singh Center and externally with other NNCI members to determine what best practices for operations might be in the new normal: how much cleaning would be needed, what PPE should be required, occupancy guidelines, and whom to allow back into the labs. Just as the QNF, there were three phases of reopening the NCF/SLPF. Phase 0 was staff only and entailed site preparation, Phase 1 was the initial wave of student re-entry, and now Phase 2 is expanded student use and includes new user training. Details of each phase follow. Phase 0: We procured additional gloves, sanitizing wipes, and face shields and distributed them in the labs (see Section 2.1.3). Tools were powered back on and

COVID-19 Response (continued) tested for proper calibration, alignment, and the like. We installed remote desktop software on most instruments so staff could provide user support remotely from their home or office rather than join the user in a lab. Phase 1: Users were allowed back under significant restrictions. The building population was limited to 20% of maximum capacity, so not all instruments could be used at once. Only existing Power Users with nights-and-weekends privileges were allowed to make reservations. A one-hour gap between consecutive users was implemented for each instrument to allow the lab air to completely replace itself multiple times. All students desiring access had to request permission through their PI to the office of the Associate Dean for Research. Users were required to take COVID safety training through university environmental health and safety module, and take additional training in each facility within the Singh Center as appropriate. Phase 1 lasted until mid-July. Phase 2: Procedures were unchanged from Phase one, but building capacity was expanded to 50%. All labs could now be used at once, but still only one person per room. Non-expert users could resume use of instruments during usual work hours. We instituted guidelines for training of new users. Those guidelines included use of PPE to minimize risk of transmission when working side-by-side, establishing criteria to determine who would be eligible for training, to reduce unnecessary training sessions, and establishing a system for staff or fellow users to run samples for users in lieu of new user training. These procedures took a few weeks to roll out from the official beginning of Phase 2 to the start of new user training.

Shutdown and Re-opening: Nanoscale Characterization and Processing Facility / Scanning and Local Probe Facility (NCF/SLPF) Similar to the QNF, the NCF/SLPF shut down quickly after initial warnings came out that the university was planning to cease normal operations in mid-March. The majority of the instrumentation in the SLPF is turn-key and can be powered on / off quickly. In the days preceding the university closure, staff backedup all recent user data to the facility’s cloud drive so students could access their data remotely if necessary. Interlock keys for the lasers and AFMs were removed from the labs to prevent unauthorized use. Much of the equipment in the NCF is more complex and special protocols were followed by the staff during shutdown to prevent catastrophic loss of functionality. As we received guidance from the university on reopening plans, we coordinated internally with other units within the Singh Center and externally with other NNCI members to determine what best practices for operations might be in the new normal: how much cleaning would be needed, what PPE should be required, occupancy guidelines, and whom to allow back into the labs. Just as the QNF, there were three phases of reopening the NCF/SLPF. Phase 0 was staff only and entailed site preparation, Phase 1 was the initial wave of student re-entry, and now Phase 2 is expanded student use and includes new user training. Details of each phase follow. Phase 0: We procured additional gloves, sanitizing wipes, and face shields and distributed them in the labs (see Section 2.1.3). Tools were powered back on and

tested for proper calibration, alignment, and the like. We installed remote desktop software on most instruments so staff could provide user support remotely from their home or office rather than join the user in a lab. Phase 1: Users were allowed back under significant restrictions. The building population was limited to 20% of maximum capacity, so not all instruments could be used at once. Only existing Power Users with nights-and-weekends privileges were allowed to make reservations. A one-hour gap between consecutive users was implemented for each instrument to allow the lab air to completely replace itself multiple times. All students desiring access had to request permission through their PI to the office of the Associate Dean for Research. Users were required to take COVID safety training through university environmental health and safety module, and take additional training in each facility within the Singh Center as appropriate. Phase 1 lasted until mid-July. Phase 2: Procedures were unchanged from Phase one, but building capacity was expanded to 50%. All labs could now be used at once, but still only one person per room. Non-expert users could resume use of instruments during usual work hours. We instituted guidelines for training of new users. Those guidelines included use of PPE to minimize risk of transmission when working side-by-side, establishing criteria to determine who would be eligible for training, to reduce unnecessary training sessions, and establishing a system for staff or fellow users to run samples for users in lieu of new user training. These procedures took a few weeks to roll out from the official beginning of Phase 2 to the start of new user training.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Acquiring and Dispensing Needed Supplies The Singh Center for Nanotechnology’s reaction to the pandemic began in early January. Unaware of how severe this problem would be, we worked to acquire several months of access to cleanroom supplies. By March 2020, the Singh Center was stocked with sufficient resources to run uninterrupted for 18 months. Below are the actions taken: • With a large supply of competitively priced personal protective equipment, the Singh Center for Nanotechnology donated almost $39,000 in PPE materials to Penn Medicine.

• Acquired low-cost face shields to support pandemic social distancing in labs. The results have been communicated to the NNCI members and Mid-Atlantic research sites. At the time of this writing, new policy and guidelines for gathering restrictions, (including indoor mask wearing) have been re-instituted on the university campus. As our health organizations and communities gain a more insightful understanding of the virus spread, the new guidelines are updated and revised as necessary.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

• Provided limited materials to the NNCI site at the University of Minnesota to carry them through.

•Collaborated with two vendors and five NNCI sites and several Mid Atlantic facilities to develop and supply a washable facemask.

• Worked with Transene Inc. to produce both hand sanitizer and hydrogen peroxide solution for cleaning surfaces. These products are now used by dozens of research facilities and hospitals across the US.

• Identified a US manufacturing supplier for face masks. This information has been shared with over 40 organizations across the US.

• Located low cost face shields to support pandemic social distancing in labs.

2019-20 Annual Report 2021 Annual Report

Singh SinghCenter Centerfor forNanotechnology Nanotechnology

Facilities Updates and Usage

2020-2021

Facilities Highlights

Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility (QNF)

Scanning and Local Probe Facility

Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility (QNF)

Scanning and Local Probe Facility

The QNF supports nanoelectronics, nanomaterials

The facility contains multiple atomic force

The QNF supports nanoelectronics, nanomaterials

The facility contains multiple atomic force

development and integration, soft matter, and

microscopes for measuring the size, shape,

development and integration, soft matter, and

microscopes for measuring the size, shape,

MEMS/NEMS. In addition, a complimentary

and electro-mechanical properties of materials,

MEMS/NEMS. In addition, a complimentary

and electro-mechanical properties of materials,

facility for soft materials and laser micro-

devices, and structures with nanometer

facility for soft materials and laser micro-

devices, and structures with nanometer

machining is maintained by QNF for diverse

precision. Two of these AFMs work with a

machining is maintained by QNF for diverse

precision. Two of these AFMs work with a

materials processing, microfluidics, and

confocal Raman microscope for combined

materials processing, microfluidics, and

confocal Raman microscope for combined

lab-on-chip activities.

force and optical measurements while another

lab-on-chip activities.

force and optical measurements while another

is paired with a fluorescence microscope.

Property Measurement Facility

Nanoscale Characterization

Property Measurement Facility

Nanoscale Characterization

Capabilities include magnetometry, thermal

Nanoscale Characterization supports

Capabilities include magnetometry, thermal

Nanoscale Characterization supports

and electrical transport, heat transfer capacity

equipment for electron and ion beam analyses

and electrical transport, heat transfer capacity

equipment for electron and ion beam analyses

and UV-vis-IR optics.

for university and industry users. The facility

and UV-vis-IR optics.

for university and industry users. The facility

includes an integrated sample preparation

laboratory with complete sample coating and

plasma cleaning capabilities, as well as

cryogenic TEM sample preparation equipment.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Facilities Highlights

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Facilities Highlights

EQUIPMENT ACQUISITION

As the field of nanotechnology research continues to evolve and expand, the Singh Center

for Nanotechnology has made vital investments in tools and equipment to support

advancements in research. These investments are tied to long-term strategic goals that

require advanced scientific research capabilities for our community of users.

2015-16 Annual Report 2020-2021

SinghEquipment New Center for Nanotechnology

Nanoscale Characterization Facility

Kleindiek Rotation Tip

This attachment to our existing Kleindiek system allows us to lift-out a slab and rotate it freely. The primary use case is cross-sectional EDS and ToF-SIMS—lift-out, rotation, and analysis can be done in one step with no vacuum breaks.

It also helps to gather lift-outs from geometrically challenging samples, allowing an extra degree of orientation freedom aligning the lamella with the half-grid.

Jandel 4-point probe. installed in the QNF.

Additionally, we can now do backside thinning of TEM lamellae—where we use the substrate of the lamella as a protective layer during thinning.

Jandel 4-point probe. installed in the QNF.

Additionally, we can now do backside thinning of TEM lamellae—where we use the substrate of the lamella as a protective layer during thinning.

MPT RTP-600s. Rapid Thermal Annealing.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility Jandel 4-point Probe QNF added a new 4-point probe from Jandel. This is a manually operated system incorporating a constant current source capable of sourcing 10 nA to 99 mA with a digital voltmeter capable of reading 0.001 mV to 1 V. It can accommodate samples ranging from pieces up to 150 mm substrates. An accuracy of 0.1% is achieved across the measurement range from 1 milli-Ohms to 100 MegaOhms per square. MPT RTP-600s Tabletop Rapid Thermal Annealing To support back-end dopant diffusion/activation and contact formation, the MPT RTP-600s was made available. The system can handle pieces up to 150 mm substrates. It is currently plumbed with Nitrogen and Argon and can reach temperatures up to 1200 C. Genesis Oven for HMDS Vapor Prime Newly refurbished Genesis vacuum over with updated touch screen and PLC control for performing HMDS vapor priming was required to support lithography. This system is capable of processing samples ranging from pieces to multiple cassettes of 150 mm wafers.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility Significant Upgrades to Other Process Tools in the QNF To keep existing tool set up to date and extend usable service life, QNF invested in OEM-supported Windows 10 upgrades for several key tools. • The Suss Microtec MA/BA-6 upgrade included new backside alignment cameras and full PLC replacement. • The SPTS DRIE Windows 10 upgrade included a replacement CTC (main) computer and a replacement for the embedded process control computer. • The K&S Dicing saw upgraded included a new control computer and full PLC replacement. • The Xactix XeF2 dry etch system upgrade included a replacement control computer.

Jandel 4-point Probe QNF added a new 4-point probe from Jandel. This is a manually operated system incorporating a constant current source capable of sourcing 10 nA to 99 mA with a digital voltmeter capable of reading 0.001 mV to 1 V. It can accommodate samples ranging from pieces up to 150 mm substrates. An accuracy of 0.1% is achieved across the measurement range from 1 milli-Ohms to 100 MegaOhms per square. MPT RTP-600s Tabletop Rapid Thermal Annealing To support back-end dopant diffusion/activation and contact formation, the MPT RTP-600s was made available. The system can handle pieces up to 150 mm substrates. It is currently plumbed with Nitrogen and Argon and can reach temperatures up to 1200 C. Genesis Oven for HMDS Vapor Prime Newly refurbished Genesis vacuum over with updated touch screen and PLC control for performing HMDS vapor priming was required to support lithography. This system is capable of processing samples ranging from pieces to multiple cassettes of 150 mm wafers.

Significant Upgrades to Other Process Tools in the QNF To keep existing tool set up to date and extend usable service life, QNF invested in OEM-supported Windows 10 upgrades for several key tools. • The Suss Microtec MA/BA-6 upgrade included new backside alignment cameras and full PLC replacement. • The SPTS DRIE Windows 10 upgrade included a replacement CTC (main) computer and a replacement for the embedded process control computer. • The K&S Dicing saw upgraded included a new control computer and full PLC replacement. • The Xactix XeF2 dry etch system upgrade included a replacement control computer.

User Usage Discipline

2020-2021 Singh Center for Nanotechnology Users

Affiliation Breakdown of

Disciplinary Usage HoursDisciplinary of People Breakdown of Singh Users

Singh Users

Materials

Local Site Academic Other Academic Large Corporation Small Corporation

Affiliation HOURS

Singh Center for Nanotechnology Users

Materials

Affiliation Usage Number of People

Local Site Academic Other Academic

Physics

July 2019- June 2020 | USAGE BY USER AFFILIATION AND DISCIPLINE

Affiliation Usage

Discipline Hours of People Disciplinary Usage

Singh Users

Local Site Academic

Other Academic

Small Corporation

Large Corporation

Affiliation Usage Fees

Affiliation Breakdown of

Disciplinary Usage Fees

Local Site Academic

Small Corporation

Other Academic Large Corporation

July 2019- June 2020 | USAGE BY USER FEES

Large Corporation

Physics

Process Optics

Process

Other

Affiliation Usage

Small Corporation

Discipline Hours of People

Singh Users

Local Site Academic

MEMS Process Optics Other

Other Academic

MEMS

Large Corporation

Process

Small Corporation

Other Academic Large Corporation

Disciplinary Breakdown of

Affiliation Breakdown of

Singh Users

Physics MEMS Process

Other

Disciplinary Usage Fees

Local Site Academic

Other Academic

MEMS

Large Corporation

Process

Small Corporation

Other

Other Academic Large Corporation

July 2019- June 2020 | USAGE BY USER FEES

Other

Process Optics Other

Disciplinary Breakdown of Singh Users

Materials

Life Science and Medicine Physics MEMS Process Optics

Small Corporation

Optics

MEMS

Materials

Local Site Academic

Physics

Process

Fee Discipline

Fee Affiliation

Life Science and Medicine

MEMS

Small Corporation

July 2019- June 2020 | USAGE BY LAB HOURS

Affiliation Usage Fees

Materials

Physics

Life Science and Medicine Physics

Optics Other

Materials

Disciplinary Breakdown of

Materials

Local Site Academic

Physics

Disciplinary Usage

Singh Users

Life Science and Medicine

Optics

Small Corporation

MEMS

Optics

Singh Users

Materials

Local Site Academic

Other Academic

Physics

Life Science and Medicine

MEMS

Affiliation Breakdown of

Fee Discipline

Fee Affiliation

Large Corporation

Affiliation HOURS

Materials

Small Corporation

July 2019- June 2020 | USAGE BY LAB HOURS

Other Academic

Small Corporation

Local Site Academic

Disciplinary Breakdown of

Physics

Large Corporation

Singh Users

Large Corporation

Materials

Local Site Academic

Materials

July 2019- June 2020 | USAGE BY USER AFFILIATION AND DISCIPLINE

Small Corporation

Affiliation Breakdown of

Other Academic

Other

Singh Users

Local Site Academic

Optics

Process

Disciplinary Usage HoursDisciplinary of People Breakdown of

Singh Users

Process

Optics

Large Corporation

Affiliation Breakdown of

MEMS

Materials

Affiliation Usage Number of People

Life Science and Medicine Physics

User Usage Discipline

2020-2021

Other

Physics MEMS

Process Optics Other

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Usage Highlights

SITE USAGE HIGHLIGHTS

The pie charts on the left show how the unique users at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology

identify their field of research. These statistics were gathered for the fiscal period of

July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021.

The graphs on top show the relative number of users from Penn, other academic institutions,

and from industry. Over this time period, the Singh Center served 434 unique users. The

center charts show the number of hours researchers accumulated using the equipment at

Singh. The lower charts show the distribution of fees among researchers’ affiliations and

disciplines.

2015-16 2021 Annual Annual Report Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Research Highlights

July 1, 2019 – June 30, 2021.

Due to the non-publication of the 2020 hard copy Annual Report because of COVID-19

related issues, this report will showcase research highlights from the two-year fiscal periods,

July 1, 2019 – June 30, 2021.

2019-2020

Research Highlights

Energy Storage Energy storage to enable the next generation of mobile devices, homes and transportation is a pivotal part of a future sustainable energy society. Batteries have long provided a means to enable mobility and since the inception of lithium-ion batteries, researchers have focused on finding materials and processes to reliably and affordably introduce them into a range of applications. Solid-state batteries, where the liquid electrolyte and polymeric separator between the positive and negative battery electrodes are replaced with a solid-state lithium-ion conductor, are primed to accelerate the next generation of solid-state-based energy storage applications. One key driver for solidstate batteries is the conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte; playing the pivotal role of fast lithiumion conductor while maintaining a robust electrical separator between the positive and negative battery electrodes. Hence usually, better the conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte, better the performance of the solid-state battery. One recent avenue of conductivity enhancement for sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes being studied by researchers has been the incorporation of halide-based materials to them.

Energy Storage However, a fundamental understanding of the compositional and morphological transformations between halide-incorporated and pure sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes during battery cycling has been absent from the scientific literature. This is because of the challenges associated with the availability of techniques capable of probing these materials with nanoscopic spatial and temporal resolutions needed to study such transformations in real time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is established as an essential visualization tool for nanoscale materials, interfaces and reactions. Operando experiments are quickly becoming ubiquitous and accessible to visualize and characterize important scientific processes, such as those occurring during battery cycling. As summarized in the results recently published in the ACS journal Chemistry of Materials (https:// doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b05286) we used advanced analytical techniques, such as operando TEM in the solid-state amongst others, to understand the influence of halide-based materials on the performance of certain solid-state electrolyte materials. The implementation of operando TEM to assess the chemomechanical interface of the solid electrolytes during real-time battery operation within the TEM allowed us to identify potential performance failure mechanisms in solid-state batteries. All the TEM work summarized in our results was conducted at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology at the University of Pennsylvania on the JEOL JEM-F200 microscope.

Energy storage to enable the next generation of mobile devices, homes and transportation is a pivotal part of a future sustainable energy society. Batteries have long provided a means to enable mobility and since the inception of lithium-ion batteries, researchers have focused on finding materials and processes to reliably and affordably introduce them into a range of applications. Solid-state batteries, where the liquid electrolyte and polymeric separator between the positive and negative battery electrodes are replaced with a solid-state lithium-ion conductor, are primed to accelerate the next generation of solid-state-based energy storage applications. One key driver for solidstate batteries is the conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte; playing the pivotal role of fast lithiumion conductor while maintaining a robust electrical separator between the positive and negative battery electrodes. Hence usually, better the conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte, better the performance of the solid-state battery. One recent avenue of conductivity enhancement for sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes being studied by researchers has been the incorporation of halide-based materials to them.

However, a fundamental understanding of the compositional and morphological transformations between halide-incorporated and pure sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes during battery cycling has been absent from the scientific literature. This is because of the challenges associated with the availability of techniques capable of probing these materials with nanoscopic spatial and temporal resolutions needed to study such transformations in real time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is established as an essential visualization tool for nanoscale materials, interfaces and reactions. Operando experiments are quickly becoming ubiquitous and accessible to visualize and characterize important scientific processes, such as those occurring during battery cycling. As summarized in the results recently published in the ACS journal Chemistry of Materials (https:// doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b05286) we used advanced analytical techniques, such as operando TEM in the solid-state amongst others, to understand the influence of halide-based materials on the performance of certain solid-state electrolyte materials. The implementation of operando TEM to assess the chemomechanical interface of the solid electrolytes during real-time battery operation within the TEM allowed us to identify potential performance failure mechanisms in solid-state batteries. All the TEM work summarized in our results was conducted at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology at the University of Pennsylvania on the JEOL JEM-F200 microscope.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

This work was made possible through the unique development of special sample preparation and microscopy procedures necessary for sulfide-based and halide-incorporated solid electrolyte materials utilized in this study, which in turn enabled the collection of such “first-of-a-kind” data. This serves as a fine example of how continuous improvement of operando visualization techniques, specifically electron microscopy, accelerate fundamental discoveries towards realizing practical energy storage solutions.

This work was led by Toyota Research Institute of North America researchers Dr. Nikhilendra Singh, and Dr. Timothy S. Arthur, and collaborated upon at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology at the University of Pennsylvania by Professor Eric A. Stach and his graduate student Mr. James P. Horwath. The authors gratefully acknowledge use of facilities and instrumentation supported by The National Science Foundation through the University of Pennsylvania Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) (DMR-1720530).

The JEOL JEM-F200 microscope.

Right: Bright-field STEM images taken on the JEOL JEM-F200 microscope at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology highlighting the implementation of operando TEM to assess the chemomechanical interface of a solid electrolyte in contact with lithium (Li) metal during electrochemical operation.

(a) Prior to electrochemistry (b) deposition of Li (c) stripping of Li (d) post electrochemistry where the presence of dead Li suggests a potential failure mechanism for such a battery.

The JEOL JEM-F200 microscope.

2019-2020

Research Highlights

SARS-CoV-2 Research The global pandemic of COVID-19, the disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has caused over 650,000 deaths, millions of confirmed infection cases and billions of influenced people. Rapid, accessible and sensitive diagnosis of SARSCoV-2 infection is critical for preventing the transmission of the disease. However, rt-PCR, the currently widely used testing technology for screening and diagnosis of patients with suspected COVID-19 syndromes, has a typical turnaround time over 24 hours. Although serology tests can be performed more rapidly, their sensitivities are limited, postponing a detectable signal by days to weeks after symptom onset. To answer this problem, researchers at Penn have leveraged the microfabrication capabilities at the Singh Center to fabricate microbubbling microchips and develop a microbubbling digital assay for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 by detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) from respiratory swabs. This microbubbling digital assay, which was based on a recently published work (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 13922 – 13928), has the potential to be rapid (<1 h), RNAextraction-free, smartphone accessible and ultrasensitive (with rt-PCR-comparable sensitivity). In the microbubbling digital assay picolitre-sized microwells together with platinum nanoparticle labels enable the discrete “visualization” of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein molecules via immobilized-microbubbling with smartphone camera. We also used computer vision and machine learning to develop an automated image analysis smartphone application to facilitate accurate and robust analysis of the assay results.

SARS-CoV-2 Research These systems are currently being validated with clinical samples and will be integrated into lab-on-a-chip devices with automated washing, signaling, reading and data processing. Once the integrated devices are delivered, the diagnostic process of COVID-19 could be greatly simplified and shortened, improving the control and prevention of the transmission of COVID-19. This research was performed by Hui Chen and Ping Wang of the University of Pennsylvania’s Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Funding for this project was provided by the Penn Center of Precision Medicine, Penn Health-Tech and Penn Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry.

This image shows microbubbles generated by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viruses on our chip.

The global pandemic of COVID-19, the disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has caused over 650,000 deaths, millions of confirmed infection cases and billions of influenced people. Rapid, accessible and sensitive diagnosis of SARSCoV-2 infection is critical for preventing the transmission of the disease. However, rt-PCR, the currently widely used testing technology for screening and diagnosis of patients with suspected COVID-19 syndromes, has a typical turnaround time over 24 hours. Although serology tests can be performed more rapidly, their sensitivities are limited, postponing a detectable signal by days to weeks after symptom onset. To answer this problem, researchers at Penn have leveraged the microfabrication capabilities at the Singh Center to fabricate microbubbling microchips and develop a microbubbling digital assay for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 by detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) from respiratory swabs. This microbubbling digital assay, which was based on a recently published work (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 13922 – 13928), has the potential to be rapid (<1 h), RNAextraction-free, smartphone accessible and ultrasensitive (with rt-PCR-comparable sensitivity). In the microbubbling digital assay picolitre-sized microwells together with platinum nanoparticle labels enable the discrete “visualization” of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein molecules via immobilized-microbubbling with smartphone camera. We also used computer vision and machine learning to develop an automated image analysis smartphone application to facilitate accurate and robust analysis of the assay results.

These systems are currently being validated with clinical samples and will be integrated into lab-on-a-chip devices with automated washing, signaling, reading and data processing. Once the integrated devices are delivered, the diagnostic process of COVID-19 could be greatly simplified and shortened, improving the control and prevention of the transmission of COVID-19. This research was performed by Hui Chen and Ping Wang of the University of Pennsylvania’s Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Funding for this project was provided by the Penn Center of Precision Medicine, Penn Health-Tech and Penn Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry.

This image shows microbubbles generated by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viruses on our chip.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Tunable Topological Charge Vortex Microlaser In the digital era of proliferating connections between pervasive endpoints, the tremendously growing aggregated data traffic motivates the development of innovative optical communication technologies to sustain the required massive increase in information capacity. The current information infrastructure based on wavelength and time division multiplexing, together with other degrees of freedom of light including the amplitude, polarization and phase, is, nevertheless, approaching a bottleneck. Fortunately, the full-vector nature of light provides another information dimension, namely the orbital angular momentum (OAM) to ease the upcoming information crunch. The ongoing effort of OAM-spin-wavelength division multiplexing for multi-dimensional high capacity information processing requires the flexible generation and versatile manipulation of different OAM and spin states at the same wavelength to fully take advantage of the orthogonality of OAM modes, which is not yet accessible by state-of-the-art microscale devices. Here, to overcome this longstanding challenge, we exploited the spin-orbit coupling, based on the conservation of the sum of the OAM and transverse spin, to precisely maneuver the chiral light states in microring lasers. The ability to simultaneously and cohesively manipulate both the SAM and OAM degrees of freedom can couple the local spin with orbital oscillation of optical cavity modes, thereby leveraging richer functionalities in vortex light generation. Our tunable vortex microlaser is capable of emitting vortex beams of 5 different topological charges

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Tunable Topological Charge Vortex Microlaser at room temperature. The toolbox of generating various Academic Research To Startup: vortex light at Pores a single For wavelength holds the promise Nanoscale Dna Sequencing

for future development of multi-dimensional OAMPrecision drilling of nanopores in silicon suspended spin-wavelength division multiplexing for high-density on glass chips for DNA sequencing has been carried data transmission in classical and quantum regimes. out with our Transmission Electron Microscopes. Additionally, dynamic switching between different OAM The nanopore diameter is in the range of 1-2 nm (for modes in time can further increase the security of wired comparison, a single stranded DNA molecule is 1.1 nm in and wireless communication networks. diameter) and the measurement error of +/- 0.1 nm. The membrane thickness is about by 3 toLiang 5 nm,Feng monitored in This research was performed of the Penn situ by the electron energyScience loss signal. Reference Departments of Materials and Error! Engineering and source not found. shows a schematic drawing of the Electrical and Systems Engineering, Ritesh Agarwal nanopore device. The image in Error! Reference source of Penn Materials Science and Engineering, Natalia M. not found. shows an electron microscope view of one Litchinitser, and Jingbo Sun at Duke University, Josep of M. these A publication of this work in preparation. Jornetpores. at Northeastern University, and is Stefano Longhi at Politecnico di Milano. Prof. Marija Drndic’s lab at Penn conducted this research.

Schematic of non-Hermitian controlled vortex micro-laser. The non-Hermitian interaction mediated by the externally applied control pump on the bus waveguide can flexibly be switched for the emission of OAM states with desirable chirality from the spin-orbit engineered micro-ring.

In the digital era of proliferating connections between pervasive endpoints, the tremendously growing aggregated data traffic motivates the development of innovative optical communication technologies to sustain the required massive increase in information capacity. The current information infrastructure based on wavelength and time division multiplexing, together with other degrees of freedom of light including the amplitude, polarization and phase, is, nevertheless, approaching a bottleneck. Fortunately, the full-vector nature of light provides another information dimension, namely the orbital angular momentum (OAM) to ease the upcoming information crunch. The ongoing effort of OAM-spin-wavelength division multiplexing for multi-dimensional high capacity information processing requires the flexible generation and versatile manipulation of different OAM and spin states at the same wavelength to fully take advantage of the orthogonality of OAM modes, which is not yet accessible by state-of-the-art microscale devices. Here, to overcome this longstanding challenge, we exploited the spin-orbit coupling, based on the conservation of the sum of the OAM and transverse spin, to precisely maneuver the chiral light states in microring lasers. The ability to simultaneously and cohesively manipulate both the SAM and OAM degrees of freedom can couple the local spin with orbital oscillation of optical cavity modes, thereby leveraging richer functionalities in vortex light generation. Our tunable vortex microlaser is capable of emitting vortex beams of 5 different topological charges

at room temperature. The toolbox of generating various Academic Research To Startup: vortex light at Pores a single For wavelength holds the promise Nanoscale Dna Sequencing

2019-2020

Research Highlights

Nano IoT: A Hybrid Integrated Artificial Mechanoreceptor in 180 nm CMOS

5.4 million people in the US suffer from paralysis, which disrupts the communication between the brain and body. As a result, the patients suffer from a loss of muscle function and sensation. To restore the sense of touch to a paralyzed hand, we introduced a sensorbrain interface that performs tactile sensing using an artificial mechanoreceptor device, then the detected force information will be encoded to the brain using a neural stimulator.

The proposed artificial mechanoreceptor includes a custom capacitive tactile sensor and an interface integrated circuit (IC). Wireless power and data links are realized through magnetic human body communication. The device is low power and implantable. A base unit worn on the wrist, which includes a primary coil, will be used to generate the wireless power and collect data from the implant.

Top: The proposed tactile sensing system.

Middle and bottom: Sensor assembly diagram.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

A capacitive tactile sensor based on fused silica is developed. The sensor includes a silica upper plate with a cavity and a circular electrode as well as a silica substrate with two semi-circular electrodes, feedthroughs, and pads underneath. A localized fusion bonding of the upper plate and the substrate is achieved by carbon dioxide laser-assisted technology. Thus, the top circular electrode and the two semicircular bottom electrodes could be equivalent to two semi-circular capacitors in series connected by the top electrode. In the presence of normal force, the upper plate deflects toward the substrate, decreasing the distance and increasing the capacitance.

The testing circuit includes an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip with a resolution of 22.8 fF over an input range of 100 pF for measuring capacitance of this sensor prototype. The proposed chip is implemented in a 180nm standard CMOS process. The total area including bond pad is 1.6 mm2 and the chip power consumption is 104 µW.

The proposed artificial mechanoreceptor device is characterized on a dynamic loading analysis system. Both static and sinusoidal loading/unloading can be detected by the device. The artificial mechanoreceptor exhibits good repeatability.

This research was performed by Han Hao, Lin Du, Andrew G. Richardson, Timothy H. Lucas, Mark G. Allen, Jan Van der Spiegel, and Firooz Aflatouni, University of Pennsylvania.

Top: Chip microphotograph. Bottom: Sensor prototype on a gloved index finger.

This research was performed by Han Hao, Lin Du, Andrew G. Richardson, Timothy H. Lucas, Mark G. Allen, Jan Van der Spiegel, and Firooz Aflatouni, University of Pennsylvania.

Top: Chip microphotograph. Bottom: Sensor prototype on a gloved index finger.

2019-2020

Research Highlights

Mobil-Aider Device External User Research – Startup - Therapeutic Articulations, LLC With the assistance of a Phase II National Science Foundation grant and funding from Ben Franklin Technology, the development of the Mobil-Aider device to measure joint mobility continues in spite of the environmental impact of COVID-19. Changes to the housing of the device and preparation for injection molding has resulted in the use of an over-pour technique to the various attachments. This will allow for excellent contours with an easily cleanable material. The reconfiguration of the docking station will simplify assembly and reduce cost. The reliability and validity of the measurements via bench and clinical testing has been confirmed. The Zeiss Smartzoom microscope, located at the Singh Center of Nanotechnology (University of Pennsylvania), was used as the gold standard to assess the ability of the Mobil-AiderTM to measure linear translation. Sixty blinded measures were taken with each of six different Mobil-AiderTM devices. ICC & Pearson correlation = 0.986, indicating a strong correlation between the measures.

Mobil-Aider Device External User Research – Startup - Therapeutic Articulations, LLC Cronbach alpha reliability analysis = 0.992. Independent one-sample t-tests were performed on the differences between the Mobil-AiderTM and the Zeiss values (p = 0.42), indicating the measures were not statistically different. Bland Altman plot and a linear regression revealed no proportional bias. Professor Dawn Gulick, of Widener University, says, “Orthopedics is about precision. The Mobil-Aider device is able to quantify knee joint laxity to contribute to the clinical decision-making regarding injury management and the ability to quantify joint mobility to consistently render therapeutic treatments to improve quality of care. Mobil-AiderTM represents a 'first-to-market' technology for arthrokinematic/linear assessment.” In addition, a case report using radiographs to assess linear translation of the knee with the Mobil-AiderTM revealed interesting information. A radiographic image was taking in anatomic neutral and at end-range of an anterior tibial translation, i.e. Lachman test. The delta of the tibial position measured 6.9 mm of anterior tibial translation on the radiograph and 7.1 mm on the Mobil-AiderTM LED display. This is a difference of only 2%. Further clinical testing has begun on individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Although only four subjects have been examined, comparisons of the measured laxity with the Mobil-AiderTM device with MRI results are positive.

With the assistance of a Phase II National Science Foundation grant and funding from Ben Franklin Technology, the development of the Mobil-Aider device to measure joint mobility continues in spite of the environmental impact of COVID-19. Changes to the housing of the device and preparation for injection molding has resulted in the use of an over-pour technique to the various attachments. This will allow for excellent contours with an easily cleanable material. The reconfiguration of the docking station will simplify assembly and reduce cost. The reliability and validity of the measurements via bench and clinical testing has been confirmed. The Zeiss Smartzoom microscope, located at the Singh Center of Nanotechnology (University of Pennsylvania), was used as the gold standard to assess the ability of the Mobil-AiderTM to measure linear translation. Sixty blinded measures were taken with each of six different Mobil-AiderTM devices. ICC & Pearson correlation = 0.986, indicating a strong correlation between the measures.

This research was performed by Dawn Gulick, Widener University.

Cronbach alpha reliability analysis = 0.992. Independent one-sample t-tests were performed on the differences between the Mobil-AiderTM and the Zeiss values (p = 0.42), indicating the measures were not statistically different. Bland Altman plot and a linear regression revealed no proportional bias. Professor Dawn Gulick, of Widener University, says, “Orthopedics is about precision. The Mobil-Aider device is able to quantify knee joint laxity to contribute to the clinical decision-making regarding injury management and the ability to quantify joint mobility to consistently render therapeutic treatments to improve quality of care. Mobil-AiderTM represents a 'first-to-market' technology for arthrokinematic/linear assessment.” In addition, a case report using radiographs to assess linear translation of the knee with the Mobil-AiderTM revealed interesting information. A radiographic image was taking in anatomic neutral and at end-range of an anterior tibial translation, i.e. Lachman test. The delta of the tibial position measured 6.9 mm of anterior tibial translation on the radiograph and 7.1 mm on the Mobil-AiderTM LED display. This is a difference of only 2%. Further clinical testing has begun on individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Although only four subjects have been examined, comparisons of the measured laxity with the Mobil-AiderTM device with MRI results are positive. This research was performed by Dawn Gulick, Widener University.

A rendering of Mobil-Aider Device.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Self-healing Liquid Metal Electrode Extends Life of Mg-ion Battery Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become nearly ubiquitous in our daily lives: they power our portable electronics, store solar energy, and, especially in recent years, put electric vehicles on the road. Unfortunately, the increased demand for batteries has placed a considerable strain on lithium and cobalt resources, which are becoming more expensive due to increased demand and are supplied by countries with high geopolitical risks. To mitigate these issues, rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are emerging to support LIBs. There is a major barrier to the widespread adoption of the MIB, however: the anode material typically fails as a result of cracks and pulverization caused by significant volume variation during a solid-solid phase transformation as Mg ions are incorporated into the crystalline host material to store charge. In our work, we address the cracks and pulverization by employing gallium, a metal that has a melting point a few degrees higher than room temperature, as the anode material.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Self-healing Liquid Metal Electrode Extends Life of Mg-ion Battery within the anode, which we found from finite element simulations. Noting these findings, we argue that the material self-heals using this transformation, preventing the detrimental pulverization that would normally arise during a solid-solid phase change. This new type of liquid anode material significantly shifted the state-of-the-art in MIBs, outpacing the longest MIB cycle life on record by approximately five times: ours cycled over 1000 times at a higher charge-discharge rate. In addition, there is no need to synthesize the nanomaterials, which are complex, and in many cases non-practical. These characteristics can make MIBs very suitable for industrial applications, making at-scale commercialization possible. This research was performed by Lin Wang, Samuel S. Welborn, Vivek B. Shenoy, and Eric Detsi, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania.

In this study, we used micron-sized Mg-Ga solid alloy particles, which underwent a solid-liquid phase transformation as Mg was reversibly removed and incorporated at 40 °C. The material is tied into a network of carbon fibers, carbon black and graphene, which held together the active material as it changed phase from crystalline solid to amorphous liquid. We confirmed that the anode makes these changes reversibly during operation by probing its crystallographic changes using in situ wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). This phase change significantly reduces the accumulation of stress

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become nearly ubiquitous in our daily lives: they power our portable electronics, store solar energy, and, especially in recent years, put electric vehicles on the road. Unfortunately, the increased demand for batteries has placed a considerable strain on lithium and cobalt resources, which are becoming more expensive due to increased demand and are supplied by countries with high geopolitical risks. To mitigate these issues, rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are emerging to support LIBs. There is a major barrier to the widespread adoption of the MIB, however: the anode material typically fails as a result of cracks and pulverization caused by significant volume variation during a solid-solid phase transformation as Mg ions are incorporated into the crystalline host material to store charge. In our work, we address the cracks and pulverization by employing gallium, a metal that has a melting point a few degrees higher than room temperature, as the anode material.

within the anode, which we found from finite element simulations. Noting these findings, we argue that the material self-heals using this transformation, preventing the detrimental pulverization that would normally arise during a solid-solid phase change. This new type of liquid anode material significantly shifted the state-of-the-art in MIBs, outpacing the longest MIB cycle life on record by approximately five times: ours cycled over 1000 times at a higher charge-discharge rate. In addition, there is no need to synthesize the nanomaterials, which are complex, and in many cases non-practical. These characteristics can make MIBs very suitable for industrial applications, making at-scale commercialization possible. This research was performed by Lin Wang, Samuel S. Welborn, Vivek B. Shenoy, and Eric Detsi, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania.

The self-healing Mg-Ga rechargeable battery.

2020-2021

Research Highlights

Ti3C2Tx For High-Density, High-Resolution Electromyography Arrays High-density arrays of high-resolution electrodes are a valuable tool for recording the electromyogram (EMG), a biopotential representing the activation and coordination of various muscles groups within the human body. However, to achieve a higher spatial resolution and channel count, smaller electrodes are required, and thus, it becomes challenging to maintain a low interface impedance and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Carbon-based nanomaterials readily address this challenge by combining a high electrical conductivity with superior mechanical properties and the ability to interface with biological systems without serious concern over biocompatibility. Nonetheless, it may difficult to fabricate devices from nanostructured carbon, because dealing with these nanomaterials can be expensive and time-consuming. Two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) mitigates these concerns.

Ti3C2Tx For High-Density, High-Resolution Electromyography Arrays Possessing remarkably high volumetric capacitance and electrical conductivity, as well as excellent mechanical properties and a high degree of surface functionality, Ti3C2Tx is also unique among carbon-based nanomaterials due to its ease of processability in aqueous solutions. Leveraging these many advantageous properties, we present here a novel microfabrication process for realizing high-density, thin and flexible Ti3C2Tx arrays for surface EMG recording, and demonstrate their superior performance in EMG recordings on healthy human volunteers. In particular, when compared to >30x larger, gelled silver-silver-chloride (Ag/AgCl) clinical electrodes, our gel-free Ti3C2Tx electrodes still had >100x lower interfacial impedance. Furthermore, when recording baseline EMG from healthy human subjects, the Ti3C2Tx electrodes demonstrated >4x higher SNR than the clinical-grade electrodes.

High-density arrays of high-resolution electrodes are a valuable tool for recording the electromyogram (EMG), a biopotential representing the activation and coordination of various muscles groups within the human body. However, to achieve a higher spatial resolution and channel count, smaller electrodes are required, and thus, it becomes challenging to maintain a low interface impedance and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Carbon-based nanomaterials readily address this challenge by combining a high electrical conductivity with superior mechanical properties and the ability to interface with biological systems without serious concern over biocompatibility. Nonetheless, it may difficult to fabricate devices from nanostructured carbon, because dealing with these nanomaterials can be expensive and time-consuming. Two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) mitigates these concerns.

Possessing remarkably high volumetric capacitance and electrical conductivity, as well as excellent mechanical properties and a high degree of surface functionality, Ti3C2Tx is also unique among carbon-based nanomaterials due to its ease of processability in aqueous solutions. Leveraging these many advantageous properties, we present here a novel microfabrication process for realizing high-density, thin and flexible Ti3C2Tx arrays for surface EMG recording, and demonstrate their superior performance in EMG recordings on healthy human volunteers. In particular, when compared to >30x larger, gelled silver-silver-chloride (Ag/AgCl) clinical electrodes, our gel-free Ti3C2Tx electrodes still had >100x lower interfacial impedance. Furthermore, when recording baseline EMG from healthy human subjects, the Ti3C2Tx electrodes demonstrated >4x higher SNR than the clinical-grade electrodes.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

We were also able to use the Ti3C2Tx array for tracking the activation and spread of muscle activity on the millimeter-scale over the thenar eminence muscle group of the human hand. Overall, these results establish high-density Ti3C2Tx MXene arrays for recording high-fidelity, low-noise EMG, with applications in rehabilitation and sports medicine, assistive technologies and basic studies into the mechanisms underlying neuromuscular function and disease.

Figure. (a–f) The process flow used to microfabricate high-density Ti3C2Tx MXene EMG arrays at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology. (g) Sample traces of the EMG signals recorded using the MXene array, as compared to a gold array with the same size electrodes, and a clinical-scale gelled Ag/ AgCl electrode.

This collaborative project was led by Professor Flavia Vitale of the Penn Department of Neurology, Bioengineering and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and includes contributions from the Penn Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the Penn Department of Bioengineering, the Penn Department of Neurosurgery, and the Materials Science and Engineering Department at Drexel University.

(h) Demonstration of the high-density Ti3C2Tx MXene EMG array for millimeter-resolution recording of muscle activation and coordination over the thenar eminence muscle group of the human hand.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

(h) Demonstration of the high-density Ti3C2Tx MXene EMG array for millimeter-resolution recording of muscle activation and coordination over the thenar eminence muscle group of the human hand.

2020-2021

Research Highlights

Centimeter-scale Crack-free Self-assembly for Ultra-high Tensile Strength Metallic Nanolattices Strong and lightweight porous materials are commonly used in industry, but the difficulties in controlling their physical and chemical structures during fabrication have limited their mechanical properties. Nanolattices are porous materials with nanoscale features that promise to overcome these limitations using size-based effects. However, traditional fabrication methods such as 3D printing using two-photon polymerization or self-assembly using nanoparticles, have either limited printing speed or dense cracks in self-assembled lattice templates, limiting characterization of these materials’ properties to be under sub-millimeter scale. Although many studies have focused on fast fabrication of self-assembled nanolattices, and several have attempted to eliminate template cracks, no selfassembly fabrication approach can produce large-area metallic nanolattices without cracks. To eliminate template cracks and precisely control metallic nanostructure across millions of units to achieve unprecedented properties, researchers at Penn have leveraged the capabilities at the Singh Center to develop a self-assembly method for fabricating centimeter-scale nickel nanolattices without cracks and characterize their tensile properties macroscopically.

Centimeter-scale Crack-free Self-assembly for Ultra-high Tensile Strength Metallic Nanolattices In the developed crack-free self-assembly approach, the key to eliminating cracks during self-assembly was to keep the template wet with 0.06% glycerol. Additionally, synthesized positively charged nanoparticles allowed subsequent electrodeposition through the thick, wet opals due to electrostatic forces. The resulting large-area nickel nanolattices had an ultra-high 257 MPa tensile strength, which is 2.6 times the strength of prior porous metals at 0.298 relative density. Moreover, the fabricated nanolattices had excellent photonic coloration, approached the theoretical limit of the upper tensile strength, achieved a combination of strength and relative density that outperformed other porous metals and nanolattices and could resist bending fractures with a lower volume and mass than most porous materials. The developed methods and findings in this work will further the design and fabrication of lightweight porous metals with the promising combination of high strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, structural coloration, and high specific surface area, which may enhance the performance of many applications such as sensing, high-power-density batteries, efficient heat and mass exchangers and selective infiltration membranes.

Strong and lightweight porous materials are commonly used in industry, but the difficulties in controlling their physical and chemical structures during fabrication have limited their mechanical properties. Nanolattices are porous materials with nanoscale features that promise to overcome these limitations using size-based effects. However, traditional fabrication methods such as 3D printing using two-photon polymerization or self-assembly using nanoparticles, have either limited printing speed or dense cracks in self-assembled lattice templates, limiting characterization of these materials’ properties to be under sub-millimeter scale. Although many studies have focused on fast fabrication of self-assembled nanolattices, and several have attempted to eliminate template cracks, no selfassembly fabrication approach can produce large-area metallic nanolattices without cracks. To eliminate template cracks and precisely control metallic nanostructure across millions of units to achieve unprecedented properties, researchers at Penn have leveraged the capabilities at the Singh Center to develop a self-assembly method for fabricating centimeter-scale nickel nanolattices without cracks and characterize their tensile properties macroscopically.

In the developed crack-free self-assembly approach, the key to eliminating cracks during self-assembly was to keep the template wet with 0.06% glycerol. Additionally, synthesized positively charged nanoparticles allowed subsequent electrodeposition through the thick, wet opals due to electrostatic forces. The resulting large-area nickel nanolattices had an ultra-high 257 MPa tensile strength, which is 2.6 times the strength of prior porous metals at 0.298 relative density. Moreover, the fabricated nanolattices had excellent photonic coloration, approached the theoretical limit of the upper tensile strength, achieved a combination of strength and relative density that outperformed other porous metals and nanolattices and could resist bending fractures with a lower volume and mass than most porous materials. The developed methods and findings in this work will further the design and fabrication of lightweight porous metals with the promising combination of high strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, structural coloration, and high specific surface area, which may enhance the performance of many applications such as sensing, high-power-density batteries, efficient heat and mass exchangers and selective infiltration membranes.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

This work was conducted by Ph.D. Candidate Zhimin Jiang and his advisor, James H. Pikul of the MEAM Department at the University of Pennsylvania, with funding from the pilot grant Program from the Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania, the National Science Foundation CAREER Grant, the ASME Applied Mechanics Division Haythornthwaite Foundation Research Initiation Grant, and the National Science Foundation National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Program (NNCI).

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Image one is a bent sample with a load on it. The color of the sample is due to selective reflection from the sample surface.

Image two: A brief summary of the sample properties. The dog bone sample has nanometer scale struts, while it is centimeterscale long with an ultra-high tensile strength compared to other similar materials.

2020-2021

Research Highlights

Bile Duct On-A-Chip The extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) transports highly toxic bile from the liver to the intestine. The duct is lined with epithelial cells called cholangiocytes that form a tight and impermeable monolayer and have specialized, bile-resistant apical domains, protecting the duct submucosa and surrounding tissues from bile leakage and associated damage. The bile ducts are targets in multiple diseases in patients of all ages, but their function is not well understood. We have used the microfabrication resources at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology to develop a bile duct-on-a-chip and vascularized bile duct-on-a-chip. Both devices contain a perfusable biliary channel lined by polarized cholangiocytes (human or mouse); these channels are remarkably impermeable, with tightness of the monolayer similar to that recorded in vivo. The vascularized bile duct-on-a-chip also includes a channel lined by vascular endothelial cells. The two

Bile Duct On-A-Chip channels can be perfused independently, with different media at different flow rates, and various treatments can be introduced on either basal or apical sides of the cell layers. Immune cells can be introduced into the vascular channel and will migrate into the intervening matrix, which can vary in matrix composition and be seeded with fibroblasts. The devices are being used to study the impact of biliary toxins on cholangiocyte permeability and function, details of the immune and inflammatory responses to bile duct damage, and the relationship between fibroblasts and cholangiocyte monolayers. This work was led by postdoctoral researcher Dr. Yu Du and his supervisor Dr. Rebecca Wells in the Department of Medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine, with funding from the NIDDK and the Fred and Suzanne Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease.

The extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) transports highly toxic bile from the liver to the intestine. The duct is lined with epithelial cells called cholangiocytes that form a tight and impermeable monolayer and have specialized, bile-resistant apical domains, protecting the duct submucosa and surrounding tissues from bile leakage and associated damage. The bile ducts are targets in multiple diseases in patients of all ages, but their function is not well understood. We have used the microfabrication resources at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology to develop a bile duct-on-a-chip and vascularized bile duct-on-a-chip. Both devices contain a perfusable biliary channel lined by polarized cholangiocytes (human or mouse); these channels are remarkably impermeable, with tightness of the monolayer similar to that recorded in vivo. The vascularized bile duct-on-a-chip also includes a channel lined by vascular endothelial cells. The two

channels can be perfused independently, with different media at different flow rates, and various treatments can be introduced on either basal or apical sides of the cell layers. Immune cells can be introduced into the vascular channel and will migrate into the intervening matrix, which can vary in matrix composition and be seeded with fibroblasts. The devices are being used to study the impact of biliary toxins on cholangiocyte permeability and function, details of the immune and inflammatory responses to bile duct damage, and the relationship between fibroblasts and cholangiocyte monolayers. This work was led by postdoctoral researcher Dr. Yu Du and his supervisor Dr. Rebecca Wells in the Department of Medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine, with funding from the NIDDK and the Fred and Suzanne Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease.

Left to right:

Bright field image of vascularized bile duct-on-a-chip with human endothelial cells, cholangiocytes, and fibroblasts. Channels are approximately 160 mm diameter.

Vascularized bile duct-on-a-chip with mouse cells, with the vascular channel on the left, biliary channel on the right, and fibroblasts in the intervening collagen matrix, stained for K19, (cholangiocyte marker, green), vimentin (mesenchymal marker, yellow), and VE-cadherin (vascular marker, red); nuclei stained blue.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Penn and UC Merced Research Reveals an Unexpected Mechanism Behind Friction for 2D Materials In a study published in the journal ACS Nano, the team found that the presence of larger atoms within the lattice of a 2D material unexpectedly decreased the friction encountered by the tip of an atomic force microscope probe as it slid along the surface. In their study, the researchers compared three 2D materials from the same family, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMD). These materials consist of a metal atom, molybdenum (Mo), bonded to two atoms of one of the chalcogens, the group of elements that include sulfur (S), selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te). Because these elements are all in the same column of the periodic table, they bond equally well with molybdenum and can make 2D lattices with the same overall pattern under carefully controlled conditions. In its common form as a thick coating, a powder or a suspension, MoS2 is a ubiquitous industrial lubricant, so the possibility of increasing its performance has spurred research into advanced synthesis and manufacturing techniques for it and other TMDs. The authors’ research has been motivated by a desire to better understand the dynamics that govern friction when such materials are in their 2D form, and when their composition is altered. Based on prior computational results, the researchers expected that selenium and tellurium atoms, being larger than sulfur atoms, would present larger energy barriers for the tip to overcome and thus increase the overall amount of friction. In other words, larger atoms means a “bumpier” road, and thus more friction encountered to move across it. That expectation was proven to be incorrect. “Other researchers predicted that friction would go up as the

size of the chalcogen increased,” says Martini. “But our results show that it goes in the opposite direction, because the larger chalcogen makes the lattice spacing larger.” Understanding the interplay between the sizes of individual atoms and the spacing of the lattice they produce will be critical in tailoring the properties of new 2D materials. This study not only revealed a unexpected friction mechanism, but showed the potential for entirely novel 2D materials — beyond MoS2 and graphene — for low friction applications. The study was led by Robert Carpick, in Penn Engineering’s Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, and Ashlie Martini, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at UC Merced, along with Kathryn Hasz and Mohammad Vazirisereshk, graduate students in their respective labs. They collaborated with A. T. Charlie Johnson, Rebecca W Bushnell Professor in Penn Arts & Sciences’ Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Mengqiang Zhao, a postdoctoral researcher in his lab. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through awards CMMI-1762384, CMMI-1761874, and MRSEC DMR1720530. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by NSF grant ACI-1548562.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

2020-2021

Research Highlights

Tunable Vortex Microlaser For the first time, a tunable orbital angular momentum (OAM) microlaser capable of emitting vortex beams of 5 different topological charges at room temperature on an III-V semiconductor platform has been demonstrated. The non-Hermitian manipulation of chiral spin-orbit interaction offers fundamentally new functionality of controllable vortex light emission in a scalable way. The toolbox of generating various vortex light at a single wavelength holds the promise for future development of multi-dimensional OAM-spin-wavelength division multiplexing for high-density data transmission in classical and quantum regimes. Furthermore, based on the same platform, we realized ultrafast, dynamic control of the fractional OAM of microlaser emission from -2 to 2 within 100 picoseconds.

Tunable Vortex Microlaser This research, published in the journal Science, is a collaboration of the Liang Feng group and Ritesh Agarawal group at the University of Pennsylvania, with Natalia Litchnisnitser, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Josep Jornet, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Stefano Longhi, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad de las Islas Baleares (CSIC-UIB).

For the first time, a tunable orbital angular momentum (OAM) microlaser capable of emitting vortex beams of 5 different topological charges at room temperature on an III-V semiconductor platform has been demonstrated. The non-Hermitian manipulation of chiral spin-orbit interaction offers fundamentally new functionality of controllable vortex light emission in a scalable way. The toolbox of generating various vortex light at a single wavelength holds the promise for future development of multi-dimensional OAM-spin-wavelength division multiplexing for high-density data transmission in classical and quantum regimes. Furthermore, based on the same platform, we realized ultrafast, dynamic control of the fractional OAM of microlaser emission from -2 to 2 within 100 picoseconds.

This research, published in the journal Science, is a collaboration of the Liang Feng group and Ritesh Agarawal group at the University of Pennsylvania, with Natalia Litchnisnitser, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Josep Jornet, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Stefano Longhi, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad de las Islas Baleares (CSIC-UIB).

Scanning electron microscope images of the tunable vortex microlaser.

On an InGaAsP multiple quantum well platform, the microlaser consists of a main micro-ring cavity coupled to an external feedback loop that enables the on-demand chiral control by selective pumping and thus enforces the unidirectional coupling between the two circulating modes in the micro-ring.

The angular grating is patterned on the inner side wall of the micro-ring to produce the vortex laser emission of variable topological charges.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Inhalation Toxicology of Chlorine Gas On-a-Chip Chlorine is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the US, which is mostly used in industry and house cleaning products. Gaseous chlorine is poisonous and it has intermediate water solubility with the capability of causing acute damage to the upper and lower respiratory tract. This project describes a major interdisciplinary research and development effort motivated by the significant and evolving threat posed by chlorine (Cl2). The overarching goal of the project is to establish an entirely new approach to the development of biomarkers and effective medical countermeasures for Cl2-induced respiratory complications by transforming the conventional methods of modeling and predicting the toxicity of inhaled Cl2 gas in human lungs. To this end, the project uses the power of lung-on-a-chip technology to create bioengineered in vitro platforms that can reproduce the living tissues of the human respiratory tract and their native microenvironment, simulate realistic and physiologically relevant exposure conditions, and visualize and measure an array of biological responses to inhaled Cl2 gas for quantitative microfluorimetric and multi-omics analysis. It represents a major undertaking that seeks to address the pressing unmet need for predictive and alternative technologies for inhalation toxicology of Cl2 by exploiting recent innovations made in the field of organs-on-a-chip.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Inhalation Toxicology of Chlorine Gas On-a-Chip This work is led by postdoctoral fellows Sezin Aday Aydin and Pouria Fattahi; their supervisor Dr. Dan Huh of Penn’s Department of Bioengineering, and pulmonary immunologist Dr. Scott Worthen of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, with funding from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA).

A photograph of the lung-on-a-chip.

Chlorine is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the US, which is mostly used in industry and house cleaning products. Gaseous chlorine is poisonous and it has intermediate water solubility with the capability of causing acute damage to the upper and lower respiratory tract. This project describes a major interdisciplinary research and development effort motivated by the significant and evolving threat posed by chlorine (Cl2). The overarching goal of the project is to establish an entirely new approach to the development of biomarkers and effective medical countermeasures for Cl2-induced respiratory complications by transforming the conventional methods of modeling and predicting the toxicity of inhaled Cl2 gas in human lungs. To this end, the project uses the power of lung-on-a-chip technology to create bioengineered in vitro platforms that can reproduce the living tissues of the human respiratory tract and their native microenvironment, simulate realistic and physiologically relevant exposure conditions, and visualize and measure an array of biological responses to inhaled Cl2 gas for quantitative microfluorimetric and multi-omics analysis. It represents a major undertaking that seeks to address the pressing unmet need for predictive and alternative technologies for inhalation toxicology of Cl2 by exploiting recent innovations made in the field of organs-on-a-chip.

This work is led by postdoctoral fellows Sezin Aday Aydin and Pouria Fattahi; their supervisor Dr. Dan Huh of Penn’s Department of Bioengineering, and pulmonary immunologist Dr. Scott Worthen of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, with funding from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA).

A photograph of the lung-on-a-chip.

2020-2021

Research Highlights

Ferroelectric Nitride Materials for Nonvolatile Memory The speed of computing systems operating on big data sets or implementing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has reached a bottleneck known as the “memory wall”, where the time and energy expended writing and reading data to and from memory far exceeds that consumed by the central processing unit (CPU). Nonvolatile memory (NVM) is a type of memory that does not need to consume power to maintain its stored data. Embedding NVM in very close proximity to the CPU can greatly reduce the time and energy required to gather data for the processor and to store that data once the processor completes its calculations. Of the competing NVM technologies, those based on ferroelectric materials are particularly promising for their low write/read energy and high access speed. Unfortunately, the most common and widely utilized ferroelectric materials require high temperature processes and contain elements that can spoil the performance of the transistors in the CPU, making them difficult to tightly integrate with the CPU.

Ferroelectric Nitride Materials for Nonvolatile Memory To address these challenges, Penn researchers are exploring a recently discovered ferroelectric material, Aluminum Scandium Nitride (AlScN), which can be deposited at low temperatures (≤ 350 °C) and whose constituent elements pose little risk to transistor performance. A major challenge with this new material is reducing the voltage required to write data to the memory to be compatible with modern CPUs, which required deep thickness scaling. So far, Penn has demonstrated ferroelectricity in films as thin as 20 nm with corresponding write voltages of 13 V, switching speeds as fast as 200 ns, and 104 switching cycles. Current research is centered around growing thinner (< 10 nm) AlScN films with higher electric breakdown strength and lower coercive field.

The speed of computing systems operating on big data sets or implementing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has reached a bottleneck known as the “memory wall”, where the time and energy expended writing and reading data to and from memory far exceeds that consumed by the central processing unit (CPU). Nonvolatile memory (NVM) is a type of memory that does not need to consume power to maintain its stored data. Embedding NVM in very close proximity to the CPU can greatly reduce the time and energy required to gather data for the processor and to store that data once the processor completes its calculations. Of the competing NVM technologies, those based on ferroelectric materials are particularly promising for their low write/read energy and high access speed. Unfortunately, the most common and widely utilized ferroelectric materials require high temperature processes and contain elements that can spoil the performance of the transistors in the CPU, making them difficult to tightly integrate with the CPU.

To address these challenges, Penn researchers are exploring a recently discovered ferroelectric material, Aluminum Scandium Nitride (AlScN), which can be deposited at low temperatures (≤ 350 °C) and whose constituent elements pose little risk to transistor performance. A major challenge with this new material is reducing the voltage required to write data to the memory to be compatible with modern CPUs, which required deep thickness scaling. So far, Penn has demonstrated ferroelectricity in films as thin as 20 nm with corresponding write voltages of 13 V, switching speeds as fast as 200 ns, and 104 switching cycles. Current research is centered around growing thinner (< 10 nm) AlScN films with higher electric breakdown strength and lower coercive field.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

This work was led by doctoral student Jeffrey Zheng, postdoctoral scholars Dr. Pariasadat Musavigharavi and Dr. Dixiong Wang, and faculty members Troy Olsson from Electrical and Systems Engineering and Eric Stach from Material Science and Engineering. The work is funded by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Tunable Ferroelectric Nitrides (TUFEN) program.

Bright field transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of AlScN grown on Pt.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Top to bottom: Atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image of the AlScN/Pt interface. Ferroelectric hysteresis loop measured for a 20 nm thick AlScN material.

Bright field transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of AlScN grown on Pt.

Top to bottom: Atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image of the AlScN/Pt interface. Ferroelectric hysteresis loop measured for a 20 nm thick AlScN material.

2020-2021

Research Highlights

Fully Additive Fabrication of Electrically Anisotropic Multilayer Materials

Laminated multilayer structures comprising alternating layers of metals and insulators are useful in many applications such as capacitors, induction coils, magnetic cores, and sensors.

However, due to high built-in stress, it has poor scalability and vacuum-based deposition processes are costly. Typical electrodeposition-based lamination technologies are completed by subtractive processes.

Laminated multilayer structures comprising alternating layers of metals and insulators are useful in many applications such as capacitors, induction coils, magnetic cores, and sensors.

Structures consisting of these sequentially alternating layers can display interesting highly anisotropic material characteristics. In particular, micron-scale laminated cores that consist of electrical insulators and soft magnetic metallic alloys are regarded as a potential enabler of on-chip miniaturized magnetic devices such as transformers that will operate at high frequencies, handling watt-level power within small device volumes.

After completing the multilayer electrodeposition, the sacrificial layers are selectively removed from the structure which is a complex process primarily due to the need for lithographically defined anchors to support suspended structure.

However, there haven’t been scalable and economical fabrication methods to make such anisotropic multilayer structures. Sequential, “top-down” physical vapor deposition of magnetic and insulating material can create laminated structures with controlled, nanoscale individual layer thicknesses.

We propose a scalable and continuous fabrication (thus economical) process for building an anisotropic multilayer structure using the unique properties of the polypyrrole conductive polymer. A laminated structure created using the developed process showed great promise for use in microfabricated inductor cores that operate at high frequencies, thus contributing to inductor volume reduction needed in MEMS power sources and sensing or actuation systems.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

This research was performed by Michael Synodis of the MicroSensors MicroActuators group (MSMA), and Mark Allen of Electrical and Systems Engineering department, University of Pennsylvania, and in part by Enachip, Inc. (Disclaimer: PI Allen holds an equity position in Enachip).

Left to right:

An optical image of PPy-Sal electrodeposited through sample mold patterns of various geometries.

An SEM Cross-sectional image of 3 sets of laminations with an added top layer of NiFe.

2019-20 2021 Annual Annual Report Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Initiatives

2020-2021 Initiatives

Network Activities

Singh Center for Nanotechnology Internal Advisory Board

Node to Node Research Collaboration

Singh Center for Nanotechnology Internal Advisory Board

Node to Node Research Collaboration

Comprised of faculty researchers from the School of Arts and Sciences (SAS) and the School of Engineering and Applied Science, (SEAS), the Singh Center for Nanotechnology Internal Advisory Board provides feedback on the Center’s operations to ensure that the policies and procedures of the Center are well-aligned to the needs of the faculty. The additional purpose and goals of this committee are to opine on investment and resource allocation priorities within the Center to disseminate among the faculty about the facility to ensure transparency, and to address the future emphasis of our university-based nanotechnology center as we look forward to 2025 and beyond.

The Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility, (QNF), continues to support and leverage the larger network of academic nanotech research communities to assist researchers, illustrated by the examples below.

The current members of the Singh Center for Nanotechnology Internal Advisory Board: Cherie Kagan

Deep Jariwala

Mark Allen

Dan Huh

Igor Bargatin

Daeyeon Lee

Robert Carpick

Tom Mallouk

Marija Drndic

Eric Stach

Liang Feng

We continue to collaborate in a long-term effort with University of Washington to fabricate specialized microfabricated TEM grids using TEOS & LPCVD silicon nitride in order to assist a small company that conducts research at both facilities. QNF is currently performing remote DRIE processing for University of California, San Diego, (UCSD) on a critical project for NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The project, “Fabrication of Starshade mask for detection of earth-like planet” is led by National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, (NNCI) node San Diego Nanotechnology Infrastructure, (SDNI) at UCSD. In addition, we routinely send work to the Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility, (CNF), for process steps not available at QNF and for rapid backup services when tools at QNF are down.

The current members of the Singh Center for Nanotechnology Internal Advisory Board: Cherie Kagan

Deep Jariwala

Mark Allen

Dan Huh

Igor Bargatin

Daeyeon Lee

Robert Carpick

Tom Mallouk

Marija Drndic

Eric Stach

Liang Feng

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) Conference The International Conference on Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN), affectionately known as "3-Beams," is the premier gathering of scientists and engineers who are dedicated to electron, ion, and photon lithography, imaging, and analysis; atomically precise fabrication; nanofabrication process technologies and related emerging technologies; and their applications in a broad spectrum of fields. In its 64th meeting, researchers from academia, government laboratories, and industry worldwide meet to present and discuss recent and future trends in these technologies. Dr. Gerald Lopez, Director of Business Development at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology, served as the EIPBN 2021 Conference Chair and President along with Mrs. Martha Sanchez (formerly of IBM), serving as EIPBN 2021 Program Chair and Vice President. As 2020 unfolded, planning efforts pivoted to virtual conference preparation. Even as vaccines and venues began to open as the conference date approached, the early decision to go virtual was evident with the many mandated travel restrictions still in place.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) Conference Despite the unfounded challenges, under Dr. Lopez’s guidance, several records were broken in the conference's recent 10-year history, namely: The Conference raised a record percentage of sponsorship, establishing solvency and profitability in a single year. Attendee registration spanned a new record of 30 countries. Student registrations tripled by allowing student attendees to register for free. According to Dr. Lopez, the most significant milestone was the appointment of Mrs. Aimee Bross Price, the first woman Conference Chair in the symposium's 60+ year history. She will oversee EIPBN 2024. Dr. Lopez served as her Steering Committee sponsor for the role. With EIPBN on a virtual platform, the program optimized the interaction between attendees, presenters, and exhibitors/sponsors by scheduling its highly interactive events during the week of June 1-4, 2021. Pre-recorded talks were released the week before the Conference so that their consumption occurred asynchronously and on-demand. All attendees can view talks until the end of 2021. Next year, the 65th EIPBN will resume as a physical conference in New Orleans. While the pandemic uprooted many traditions, it brought about new modes of community engagement that it looks forward to incorporating for future symposia.

The International Conference on Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN), affectionately known as "3-Beams," is the premier gathering of scientists and engineers who are dedicated to electron, ion, and photon lithography, imaging, and analysis; atomically precise fabrication; nanofabrication process technologies and related emerging technologies; and their applications in a broad spectrum of fields. In its 64th meeting, researchers from academia, government laboratories, and industry worldwide meet to present and discuss recent and future trends in these technologies. Dr. Gerald Lopez, Director of Business Development at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology, served as the EIPBN 2021 Conference Chair and President along with Mrs. Martha Sanchez (formerly of IBM), serving as EIPBN 2021 Program Chair and Vice President. As 2020 unfolded, planning efforts pivoted to virtual conference preparation. Even as vaccines and venues began to open as the conference date approached, the early decision to go virtual was evident with the many mandated travel restrictions still in place.

Despite the unfounded challenges, under Dr. Lopez’s guidance, several records were broken in the conference's recent 10-year history, namely: The Conference raised a record percentage of sponsorship, establishing solvency and profitability in a single year. Attendee registration spanned a new record of 30 countries. Student registrations tripled by allowing student attendees to register for free. According to Dr. Lopez, the most significant milestone was the appointment of Mrs. Aimee Bross Price, the first woman Conference Chair in the symposium's 60+ year history. She will oversee EIPBN 2024. Dr. Lopez served as her Steering Committee sponsor for the role. With EIPBN on a virtual platform, the program optimized the interaction between attendees, presenters, and exhibitors/sponsors by scheduling its highly interactive events during the week of June 1-4, 2021. Pre-recorded talks were released the week before the Conference so that their consumption occurred asynchronously and on-demand. All attendees can view talks until the end of 2021. Next year, the 65th EIPBN will resume as a physical conference in New Orleans. While the pandemic uprooted many traditions, it brought about new modes of community engagement that it looks forward to incorporating for future symposia.

2020-2021 Initiatives

Network Activities

Meeting for Advanced E-Beam Lithography (MAEBL)

The Meeting for Advanced Electron Beam Lithography (MAEBL) is the professional networking platform and an educational provision of the electron beam lithography community. The community builds on engagement at planned workshops/meetings and information dissemination made possible the gracious support from our corporate sponsors.

Due to COVID-19, the fourth MAEBL meeting at Caltech on April 6-7, 2020, was canceled in early March 2020. The meeting transitioned online as a series of six, 2-hour, monthly meetings to continue networking and discussion among EBL owners and users globally. The first meeting, held on Thursday, July 23, 2020, had 51 participants spanning six countries: Australia, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States. Roughly half of the participants were firsttime attendees. The meeting sponsors include JEOL USA, Raith, STS-Elionix, AllResist, DisChem, PBS&T, and GenISys.

Throughout the six months, rolling attendance continued to be around 35-50 people. Topics ranged from operational and supply chain hurdles brought by the pandemic to discussing common challenges faced typically by tool owners and EBL users alike. These include the discussion of negative resists, cold storage techniques, simulation/modeling, and anti-charging agents.

2021 Annual Report Singh Center for Nanotechnology

The advantages of going virtual were apparent in the first meeting. Aside from removing travel, room and board expenses, closing the gap between the geographically disparate group was the most significant key advantage. In particular, Australia and Saudi Arabia made connections with other attendees not routinely available. Interestingly enough, all six countries above were always represented in every meeting.

The monthly meetings also allowed for the testing of newer engagement technologies which proved extremely useful. The MAEBL Slack channel facilitated the conversation between sessions. In addition, the platform called GatherTown brought back the dynamic engagement commonly experienced at in-person meetings through the use of proximity video conferencing. Proximity video conferencing operates by representing a user as an avatar that can move across the screen on a map representing a room, auditorium, or any other venue. When two or more avatars get close to each other, the attendees’ video streams come into focus, allowing for immediate interaction. Others can join or leave the conversation as they would in the physical world by moving their avatar in proximity to groups of other avatars.

Despite the pandemic, MAEBL 2020 broadly opened access for those geographically limited to physical travel pre-pandemic. The apparent need by the community to maintain connections and to create new ones drove the meetings. With pandemic restrictions easing, MAEBL 2021 will convene as a physical meeting in November 2021.

2020-2021 Initiatives

Network Activities

Singh Center for Nanotechnology participation in NNCI Working Groups

NNCI Photolithography Working Group

Singh Center for Nanotechnology participation in NNCI Working Groups

NNCI Photolithography Working Group

The equipment maintenance and training working group is now known as the equipment maintenance working group since equipment training is being handled by another working group. SCN staff member Kyle Keenan has joined the group. Jeremy Clark at the NNCI node Cornell Nanoscale Facility, (CNF) has taken over as chair.

The NNCI Photolithography Working Group is composed of representatives from 12 NNCI sites, plus representatives from UC Berkeley, and is charged with sharing photolithographic techniques and processes with member sites and the larger research community.

SCN staff member Eric Johnston continues to participate in the Training and Technical Content Development Working Group and has leveraged the work of this group to create video training content that has be found to be essential to assisting new users during the pandemic.

The working group held a virtual meeting in August 2020, using a format similar to the previous years’ in-person meetings. Each site first presented a short overview of the operational status of their fabs and of any new equipment they have acquired. The discussion then turned to sharing ideas about conducting one of the more challenging professional roles that nanofabrication research staff had to face in the pandemic - how to safely train new users on the operation of the complex lithography tools in their labs. Representatives from Cornell, Stanford and Penn described their efforts to create detailed equipment training videos for steppers and direct-writers, and other techniques to ensure that new researchers had been thoroughly prepared to use these tools with a minimum of close contact with others. Stanford volunteered to compile links of these training videos to help each site to use as-is or use as a template to develop their own. These video links were shared with the Training and Technical Content Development Working Group who have created a database of training materials for all types of cleanroom tools.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

NNCI Vendor Relations Working Group

The Vendor Relations Working Group, led by Singh Center for Nanotechnology staff member, Charlie Veith, continued the processes started in 2019 to build a larger group with more points of contact at each lab based on their relations with the working group Building Size and Responsiveness.

Current projects of the working group include:

A second goal is to communicate our existence to the suppliers as more suppliers leads to lower prices through competition, increase access to limited material stock and access to material we might not even know exists.

• Valex joined as a lower cost supplier of high-quality stainless steel for gas systems.

The final focus of the group is to improve communications between labs which can improve sustainability, efficiencies, and rapid increase in innovation. The number of schools within the working group is now 12 with the addition of Minnesota, Stanford, University of California San Diego and Arizona State. There are currently 14 vendors providing special discounts to NNCI-affiliated universities.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

• Discounted XeF2 savings. • Washable face masks. • Vacuum pumps savings between 20-50%.

• Garment cleaning service and improved safety systems for cleaning. This is an open invitation for labs to use during contract negotiation. • Wipes, disinfectant and surgical masks.

Current projects of the working group include:

• Valex joined as a lower cost supplier of high-quality stainless steel for gas systems.

• Discounted XeF2 savings. • Washable face masks. • Vacuum pumps savings between 20-50%.

• Garment cleaning service and improved safety systems for cleaning. This is an open invitation for labs to use during contract negotiation. • Wipes, disinfectant and surgical masks.

2020-2021 Initiatives

Research Outreach

Innovation Seed Grant Competition

Innovation Seed Grant Program

The Innovation Seed Grant Program is designed to encourage the region’s brightest minds to design or prototype innovative technology through the usage of nanotechnology related tools and equipment. Since 2016, the Singh Center for awards each group as much as $4000 to offset lab charges incurred in any of our three core facilities. Due to COVID-19, the 2020 Innovation Seed Grants were extended to June 30, 2021.

To date, the Singh Center for Nanotechnology has supported dozens of startup companies and corporate initiatives. Since NNCI year one, these companies have raised over $20 million in revenue, venture capital, grants, and awards. These figures clearly demonstrate the ability of the Singh Center for Nanotechnology startups to attract both private and public funding.

Company

Grand Total

Company

AAPlasma

149,949

$ 2,213,000

Avisi

225,000

Pre-2019

2019

AAPlasma

149,949

Avisi

225,000

2020

2021

$ 1,988,000

149,949

Pre-2019

2019

2020

2021

Grand Total $

$ 1,988,000

149,949

$ 2,213,000

Chromation

$ 1,250,000

Chromation

$ 1,250,000

Elektrofi

750,000

Elektrofi

750,000

Fermento

10,000

Fermento

10,000

975,000

Folia Water

975,000

Folia Water Goeppert

Graphwear

$ 4,200,000

459,995

225,000

$ 750,000

755,000

$ 350,000

$ 1,564,995

Goeppert

$ 4,200,000

Graphwear

$ 4,200,000

$ 2,000,000

Group K Diagnostics

$ 2,000,000 $ 1,199,435

$ 1,400,000

$ 1,200,000

$ 2,000,000

Diagnostics

$ 3,799,435

InnaMed

Iortha 200,000 $

400,000

$ 256,000

$ 200,000

Mobile App

$ 656,000

Nanograss Solar

Therapuetic

755,000

$ 350,000

$ 1,564,995

$ 1,199,435

$ 1,400,000

$ 1,200,000

$ 3,799,435

200,000

$ 200,000 $

400,000

$ 256,000

$ 656,000

750,000

$ 260,000

$ 1,232,255

Therapuetic $ 222,255

Xallent Grand Total

$ 750,000

Iortha $

Nanograss Solar

Articulations

225,000

Group K

InnaMed

Mobile App

459,995

750,000

$ 260,000

$ 1,714,495 $9,092,250

$5,268,930

$5,153,949

$1,200,000

$ 1,232,255

Articulations

$ 1,714,495

Xallent

$20,737,129

Grand Total

$ 222,255

$ 1,714,495 $9,092,250

$5,268,930

$ 1,714,495 $5,153,949

$1,200,000

$20,737,129

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Wednesday Open Forum Process Sessions

Singh Center for Nanotechnology Staff Conference and Panel Leadership

Wednesday Open Forum Process Sessions

Singh Center for Nanotechnology Staff Conference and Panel Leadership

Each Wednesday, staff members hold an open forum for users in the Singh Center for Nanotechnology community. The purpose of these events is to assemble Singh Center staff with researchers in an informal setting to provide solutions to fabrication problems ranging from simple devices to complex multi-level process integration issues. It also allows researchers with limited backgrounds in fabrication to learn how staff and their community peers design devices and work through the challenges of device fabrication.

Our staff members continue to be active in contributing to local and nation technical conferences and panels. Below is a list of highlights of these activities.

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, the Singh Center for Nanotechnology staff brought these forums online, serving several users at each session on Wednesdays. The open forum was expanded in December 2020 to encourage new user research and it has since become a critical step in the user onboarding process. Each prospective user is required to submit a brief process description and flow. The purpose of this is to confirm that the work is feasible and if it can be completed onsite. If our tool set is not correct for their project, we endeavor to connect the user with other facilities that can help. Since January 2021, we have helped 21 new users from Penn, 8 from Penn medical research, and 8 from other academic institutions with this program.

Professor Mark Allen Director of the Singh Center for Nanotechnology • Conference Chair of the 2021 IEEE Power Supply on a Chip Workshop (PwrSoC). Gerald Lopez Director of Business Development • Conference Chair of the 2021 Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam and Nanofabrication Conference (EIPBN or “3-beams” meeting)

Meredith Metzler Director of the Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility • Member of the MEMS/NEMS technical group steering committee for AVS. • Founded and coordinated the Mid-Atlantic Nanofabrication Manager’s Meetings

2020-2021 Initiatives

Research Outreach

Internet of Things for Precision Agriculture – IoT4Ag Researchers at Penn, Purdue, the University of California Merced, and the University of Florida have been recently awarded an National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center (ERC) grant to pursue the convergence of the Internet-of-Things and agriculture, (IoT4Ag). IoT4Ag Center Leadership includes the following Principal Investigators that are also users of the Singh Center for Nanotechnology site: Program Director, Professor Cherie Kagan; Site Director, Professor Kevin Turner; and University Education Director, Professor Sue Ann Bidstrup Allen. The IoT4Ag headquarters is located in the Pennovation Works facility at the University of Pennsylvania, which blends offices, labs, and production space to host researchers, entrepreneurs, and industry partners that collaboratively will translate ideas and research into commercial products and ventures. The mission of IoT4Ag is to Transform the Future of Agriculture by creating and translating to practice Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for precision

Internet of Things for Precision Agriculture – IoT4Ag agriculture and to train and educate a diverse workforce that will address the societal grand challenge of food, energy, and water security for decades to come. Nano-scale IoT will play critical roles in the three thrusts of the Center: Thrust 1: Agricultural sensor systems will design and manufacture resilient, networked, intelligent sensorrobotic systems that monitor the state of plant and soil health over extended areas. Thrust 2: Communication and energy systems will enable advanced approaches for powering IoT devices and robots in the field and for data communication from heterogeneous platforms of sensors, robots, and farming equipment. Thrust 3: Agricultural response systems will create and deploy smart response systems that are driven by machine learning and decision-based models for precision agriculture.

Researchers at Penn, Purdue, the University of California Merced, and the University of Florida have been recently awarded an National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center (ERC) grant to pursue the convergence of the Internet-of-Things and agriculture, (IoT4Ag). IoT4Ag Center Leadership includes the following Principal Investigators that are also users of the Singh Center for Nanotechnology site: Program Director, Professor Cherie Kagan; Site Director, Professor Kevin Turner; and University Education Director, Professor Sue Ann Bidstrup Allen. The IoT4Ag headquarters is located in the Pennovation Works facility at the University of Pennsylvania, which blends offices, labs, and production space to host researchers, entrepreneurs, and industry partners that collaboratively will translate ideas and research into commercial products and ventures. The mission of IoT4Ag is to Transform the Future of Agriculture by creating and translating to practice Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for precision

agriculture and to train and educate a diverse workforce that will address the societal grand challenge of food, energy, and water security for decades to come. Nano-scale IoT will play critical roles in the three thrusts of the Center: Thrust 1: Agricultural sensor systems will design and manufacture resilient, networked, intelligent sensorrobotic systems that monitor the state of plant and soil health over extended areas. Thrust 2: Communication and energy systems will enable advanced approaches for powering IoT devices and robots in the field and for data communication from heterogeneous platforms of sensors, robots, and farming equipment. Thrust 3: Agricultural response systems will create and deploy smart response systems that are driven by machine learning and decision-based models for precision agriculture.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Nano-Internet of Things Research Community (Nano-IoT) The Singh Center for Nanotechnology, in collaboration with NNCI partners, the Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility, (CNF), the Southeastern Nanotechnology Infrastructure Corridor, (SENIC), the Nebraska Nanoscale Facility, (NNF), and the Kentucky Multiscale Manufacturing and Nanointegration Node (KY MMNIN), has established a research community focusing on Nano-Enabled Internet of Things (Nano-IoT). Nano-IoT encompasses several of the themes of the NSF Ten Big Ideas, including: Future of Work, Growing Convergence Research, Understanding the Rules of Life, and Harnessing the Data Revolution. It is our conjecture that many devices and applications for the Internet of Things will be enabled by nanotechnology. • The IoT ‘things’ may in many cases comprise small-scale structures, sensors, and actuators (MEMS) • The IoT ‘things’ may need to process and collect data, requiring on-board electronics • The IoT ‘things’ will need to communicate with the Internet, requiring communication protocols in multiple bands exploiting a diversity of modalities.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Nano-Internet of Things Research Community (Nano-IoT) Our vision is that the ubiquitous sensing potential of the Nano-Enabled Internet of Things (Nano-IoT) will: • Provide the input necessary for data mining/big data processing to understand complex system behavior • Augment the interaction environment in future workplaces • Be the transducers that can monitor living things from agriculture to medicine • Catalyze the convergence of researchers from many intellectual backgrounds Nano-IoT members will hold or participate in an annual, day-long symposium that will rotate among the community sites. The major goal of the symposium is to summarize, inform, and exchange the work of NNCI users. New ideas to be introduced through invited external speakers. The first symposium, hosted by the Singh Center for Nanotechnology, is scheduled for the fall of 2021.

The Singh Center for Nanotechnology, in collaboration with NNCI partners, the Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility, (CNF), the Southeastern Nanotechnology Infrastructure Corridor, (SENIC), the Nebraska Nanoscale Facility, (NNF), and the Kentucky Multiscale Manufacturing and Nanointegration Node (KY MMNIN), has established a research community focusing on Nano-Enabled Internet of Things (Nano-IoT). Nano-IoT encompasses several of the themes of the NSF Ten Big Ideas, including: Future of Work, Growing Convergence Research, Understanding the Rules of Life, and Harnessing the Data Revolution. It is our conjecture that many devices and applications for the Internet of Things will be enabled by nanotechnology. • The IoT ‘things’ may in many cases comprise small-scale structures, sensors, and actuators (MEMS) • The IoT ‘things’ may need to process and collect data, requiring on-board electronics • The IoT ‘things’ will need to communicate with the Internet, requiring communication protocols in multiple bands exploiting a diversity of modalities.

Our vision is that the ubiquitous sensing potential of the Nano-Enabled Internet of Things (Nano-IoT) will: • Provide the input necessary for data mining/big data processing to understand complex system behavior • Augment the interaction environment in future workplaces • Be the transducers that can monitor living things from agriculture to medicine • Catalyze the convergence of researchers from many intellectual backgrounds Nano-IoT members will hold or participate in an annual, day-long symposium that will rotate among the community sites. The major goal of the symposium is to summarize, inform, and exchange the work of NNCI users. New ideas to be introduced through invited external speakers. The first symposium, hosted by the Singh Center for Nanotechnology, is scheduled for the fall of 2021.

2020-2021 Initiatives

Educational Outreach

Community College of Philadelphia

The primary goal from the Community College of Philadelphia, (CCP) and the Singh Center for Nanotechnology is to determine the best approach to provide academic instruction and nanotechnology opportunities to the CCP students. The most appropriate strategy for increasing these opportunities was determined to be:

a) creation of three new courses at CCP that are primarily nano-focused, or have significant nanotechnology-related content.

b) development of extracurricular programming at CCP and at the Singh Center for Nanotechnology that exposes students to content and careers in Nano.

c) discussion of the potential effectiveness of professional development workshops for CCP instructors on incorporating Nano into existing STEM courses.

d) creation of a paid internship program for CCP students. As partners, CCP and Penn meet regularly about these objectives.

Described below are brief updates for the activities that the CCP-PENN meetings have prioritized.

New Program: CCP Internship at Penn’s Singh Center

The first cohort of CCP students (N=3) will start summer 2022 with a 20-hour/week, 14-week, paid internship at QNF. Program promotion will begin in the Fall 2021 semester in order to have the first cohort selected in March 2022.

Nano Courses at CCP

The Intro to Nano course was delayed until summer 2021 (Summer Session 1, May 17-June 30, 2021), which allowed the students to have a more hands-on, meaningful experience that would not have been possible in the Spring. QNF hosted the CCP Nano class on June 7 for a 3.5-h laboratory session that focused on deposition, lithography, and etching. CCP will promote the course with new and current CCP students and among CCP’s STEM faculty for the Nano course. The expectation is that it will take several years to build awareness of and demand for these courses, which will involve a more general campaign of creating awareness of nanotechnology and its relevance to other STEM disciplines and job pathways.

COURSE

TITLE

SEMESTER (STUDENT ENROLLMENT)

COURSE

TITLE

SEMESTER (STUDENT ENROLLMENT)

ASET 140

3d Printing-Additive Manufacturing

F2019 (N=8), SU2020 (N=6), SP2021 (N=10)

ASET 140

3d Printing-Additive Manufacturing

F2019 (N=8), SU2020 (N=6), SP2021 (N=10)

ASET 201

Introduction to Nanotechnology

SP2020 (N=8), SU2021 (N=6)

ASET 201

Introduction to Nanotechnology

SP2020 (N=8), SU2021 (N=6)

AET 101

Introduction to Robotics

F2021*

AET 101

Introduction to Robotics

F2021*

ASET=Applied Science & Engineering Technology, AET = Applied Engineering Technology;

Semesters: F=fall, Su=summer, Sp=spring; *enrollment ongoing or not started yet

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Research Experience for Undergraduates - REU

Since 2016, the Singh Center for Nanotechnology has hosted 28 Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) students for a ten-week summer research program that provides hands-on laboratory instruction to broaden their academic experience. As with most university programs, the 2020 program was canceled due to pandemic guidelines.

The REU program was reinstituted in summer of 2021 as the domestic pandemic infection subsided and four students were selected to participate. In addition to lab instruction, the students had access to remote programming organized by other Penn Engineering REU programs. Students participated in weekly brown bag and lecture series, and completed assignments which led to a final oral presentation and written paper based on their research.

NAME

PROJECT (HOST LAB)

HOME INSTITUTION

NAME

PROJECT (HOST LAB)

HOME INSTITUTION

Nyvia Lyles*

The Effects of Geometry and Voltage on the Temperature of the Microheater (D Lee)

Howard University

Nyvia Lyles*

The Effects of Geometry and Voltage on the Temperature of the Microheater (D Lee)

Howard University

John Ting

Using Ferrodiodes to Build In-Memory Computing and Neuromorphic Computing Technologies (D Jariwala)

Univ MD - College Park

John Ting

Using Ferrodiodes to Build In-Memory Computing and Neuromorphic Computing Technologies (D Jariwala)

Univ MD - College Park

Sejal Suri

Transparent Ti3C2 MXene Microelectrodes for Multimodal Neural Recording (F Vitale)

University of DE

Sejal Suri

Transparent Ti3C2 MXene Microelectrodes for Multimodal Neural Recording (F Vitale)

University of DE

Sarah Ziegler

Understanding Nanoparticle Absorption on Layer by Layer Films using AFM to Measure Interaction Forces (R Composto)

Vassar College

Sarah Ziegler

Understanding Nanoparticle Absorption on Layer by Layer Films using AFM to Measure Interaction Forces (R Composto)

Vassar College

*2021 Summer REU research in D. Lee’s Lab accepted to a conference hosted by Council of Undergraduate Research (“CUR’s 2021 NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Symposium” scheduled for 10/25/21) and the Nano and Emerging Technologies Student Leaders Conference for Tech Connect World Innovation (Oct. 18-20, 2021).

2020-2021 Initiatives

Educational Outreach

Penn Engineering Summer Academy Program: ESAP Nanotechnology

For three weeks in July, Penn Engineering hosts highly motivated and talented high school students worldwide to the Engineering Summer Academy at Penn, (ESAP). ESAP Nanotechnology is one of the six designed to introduce engineering to high school students and the only course provided this year among non-computer-related courses.

The Singh Center for Nanotechnology developed an online course that includes a total of 12 hands-on experiments and 10 lab demonstrations. In addition to the demos at the Center, many faculty labs (Olsson lab, Lee lab, Vitale lab, Bassett lab, and Yang lab) provided hands-on experiments and demos during the course.

Each student received a kit containing 80 items ($400/package estimated) which allowed them to participate in hands-on processing and analysis at home. Throughout the lab sessions, students learned about safe chemical handing, device fabrication and characterization, data processing, and Arduino coding. Lab-at-home experiments include cleanroom gowning and de-gowning, polarized light with magic sand, nanofabrication with PCB, gelatin microfluidics, printed circuit boards, syringe pump assembly and actuation, microfluidic device, solar cell, LED, and MEMS device characterizations. Labs at Singh and Labs at Penn includes demonstrations of micolithography, microfluidics, quantum dot synthesis, two-photon lithography, nanocharacterization instruments (AFM, FIB, TEM), photonics, microbubbles, MEMS devices, neural devices and hands-on origami.

To introduce the leading-edge research area in nanotechnology from different fields, faculty members (Drs. Mark Allen, Daeyeon Lee, Troy Olsson, Marc Miskin, Lee Bassett, Flavia Vitale, Jeffrey Babin, Eric Stach, Shu Yang, and Pat Watson) provided invited talks.

The students were provided with “taught engineering in the industry” seminars through a virtual tour and panel discussion with Dr. Sarah Hann and her colleagues at Dow Chemicals. Startup founders and engineers (Ms. Rui Jing Jiang and Ms. Georgia Griggs at Avisi tech and Dr. Sagar Yadavali at Infini-fluidics) shared their work experience with students to provide insight on working in startup companies.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

NanoDay@Penn 2021

For the 2021 Nanoday workshop, the Singh Center for Nanotechnology pivoted to remote live-streamed presentations that were created and delivered by volunteers in various Penn labs, and by a group of Graduate Student Fellows, (GSFs) from the Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility. Organizers and presenters learned about scheduling/communication with teachers, different classroom technology platforms, student engagement levels and logistics of mailing pre-presentation materials.

A total of 17 presentations were delivered (teachers with multiple classes participated in more than one presentation). Students joined from in-person classrooms with their teachers while other classes’ students participated remotely from their homes.

LAB GROUP PI (volunteers)

TOPIC(S)

LAB GROUP PI (volunteers)

TOPIC(S)

Bargatin (7)

Microwaves

Bargatin (7)

Microwaves

Bassett (5)

Light diffraction and phone screens

Bassett (5)

Light diffraction and phone screens

Detsi (2)

Clean Energy: solar panels, wind

Detsi (2)

Clean Energy: solar panels, wind

Fakhraai (4)

Glasses

Fakhraai (4)

Glasses

Murray

Light-matter interactions with quantum dots (QDs) and films

Murray

Light-matter interactions with quantum dots (QDs) and films

Singh Center QNF (5)

Nano around us & nano-fabrication

Singh Center QNF (5)

Nano around us & nano-fabrication

2020-2021 Initiatives

Educational Outreach

Graduate Student Fellows Program

In 2015, The Singh Center for Nanotechnology launched the Graduate Student Fellows (GSF) program to provide Penn Master’s students with hands-on nanofabrication experience in the cleanroom. Since the program began, a total of 71 awardees have been selected, based on their research interest and motivation. Previous nanofabrication expertise was not required or considered a factor in the application selection process.

Once pandemic safety guidelines were established at the Singh Center, 13 students were offered positions from July 2020 through the Spring 2021 semester. The students in the program have acquired skills that include fabricating nano-scale devices, developing advanced etch and lithography processes, presenting their work to staff and their peers, and conducting educational programs for the Singh Center for Nanotechnology in the form of lab courses and outreach events for local high school students.

GSFs fabricated MEMS devices, graphene sensors, quantum dot transistors, and directed self-assembly templates for a graduate lab course. They’ve also created processes for making microfluidic channels, microvalves, nanopores, multi-directional 3D microchannels, and for grayscale laser direct-writing lithography.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Graduate Student Fellows Program Awardees

Name

Program

Name

Program

ABBAS IDRIS

MINGXUAN (MAX) MA

NANOTECHNOLOGY

MINGXUAN (MAX) MA

NANOTECHNOLOGY

YANBIAO LI

NANOTECHNOLOGY

YANBIAO LI

NANOTECHNOLOGY

YEONJOON SUH

NANOTECHNOLOGY

YEONJOON SUH

NANOTECHNOLOGY

DALE FARNAN

NANOTECHNOLOGY

DALE FARNAN

NANOTECHNOLOGY

YINGQI QIANG

NANOTECHNOLOGY

YINGQI QIANG

NANOTECHNOLOGY

SHENSHEN WAN

NANOTECHNOLOGY

SHENSHEN WAN

NANOTECHNOLOGY

AYANKAS PATTNAIK

NANOTECHNOLOGY

AYANKAS PATTNAIK

NANOTECHNOLOGY

JIE CAI

NANOTECHNOLOGY

JIE CAI

NANOTECHNOLOGY

PEILIN LI

NANOTECHNOLOGY

PEILIN LI

NANOTECHNOLOGY

TONG DANG

ESE

TONG DANG

ESE

LAUREN HOANG

MSE

LAUREN HOANG

MSE

ZHONGHUAN LUO

MSE

ZHONGHUAN LUO

MSE

WEIBO (JASON) TENG

ESE

WEIBO (JASON) TENG

ESE

VISWANATH LANKA

2015-16 Annual Report 2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Graduates

2020-2021

Graduates

PhD Degree Graduates

Name

Dissertation Title

Advisor

Department

Akshay Ananthakrishnan

All-Pasive Hardware Architectures for Neuromorphic Computation

Mark George Allen

MEAM

Justin Craig Burrell

Implantable Micro-Tissue Engineered Nerve Grafts to Maintain Regenerative Capacity and Facilitate Functional Recovery Following Nervous System Injury

Nicolette Leigh Driscoll

Daniel Kacy Cullen

Dissertation Title

Advisor

Department

Akshay Ananthakrishnan

All-Pasive Hardware Architectures for Neuromorphic Computation

Mark George Allen

MEAM

Justin Craig Burrell

Implantable Micro-Tissue Engineered Nerve Grafts to Maintain Regenerative Capacity and Facilitate Functional Recovery Following Nervous System Injury

Daniel Kacy Cullen

Building and Validating Next-Generation Neurodevices Using Novel Materials, Fabrication, and Analytic Strategies

Brian Litt

Lin Du

The Development of a Fingertip Implantable MEMS Tactile Sensing System

Mark George Allen

ESE

Andrei Georgescu

Large Scale Integration of Microengineered Tissue Models for High-Content, High-Throughput Analysis of Complex Human Physiological Systems. Dongeun Huh

Design and Fabrication of colloidal Nanocrystal Based 3D Metamaterials for Chiroptical Applications

Cherie Kagan

MSE

Syung Hun Han

High Throughput Identification of Rare Cell Populations by Functiona; Phenotyping

Daeyeon Lee

Jessica Chiawei Hsu

Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Imaging with Dual Energy Mammography and Other Modalities

David Peter Comode

Chenpeng Huang

3D Porous High Areal Capacity Lithium-ion Micro-batteries

Sue Ann Bidstrup

CBE

Elizabeth Hunter

Microscale Robotic Wetware for Synthetic Biology

Brian Chow

MEAM

Hyun Ji Kim

Integrin Crosstalk in the Upstream Migration of CD4+ T Lymphocytes

Daniel Hammer

CBE

Building and Validating Next-Generation Neurodevices Using Novel Materials, Fabrication, and Analytic Strategies

Brian Litt

Lin Du

The Development of a Fingertip Implantable MEMS Tactile Sensing System

Mark George Allen

ESE

Andrei Georgescu

Large Scale Integration of Microengineered Tissue Models for High-Content, High-Throughput Analysis of Complex Human Physiological Systems. Dongeun Huh

Jiacen Guo

Name

Nicolette Leigh Driscoll

Design and Fabrication of colloidal Nanocrystal Based 3D Metamaterials for Chiroptical Applications

Jiacen Guo Cherie Kagan

MSE

Syung Hun Han

High Throughput Identification of Rare Cell Populations by Functiona; Phenotyping

Daeyeon Lee

Jessica Chiawei Hsu

Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Imaging with Dual Energy Mammography and Other Modalities

David Peter Comode

Chenpeng Huang

3D Porous High Areal Capacity Lithium-ion Micro-batteries

Sue Ann Bidstrup

CBE

Elizabeth Hunter

Microscale Robotic Wetware for Synthetic Biology

Brian Chow

MEAM

Hyun Ji Kim

Integrin Crosstalk in the Upstream Migration of CD4+ T Lymphocytes

Daniel Hammer

CBE

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

PhD Degree Graduates

J Name Joohoon Kim

Chao Lin

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

PhD Degree Graduates

Dissertation Title Development of Nanoparticle-Based Contrast Agents for Applications with Conventional and Photon-Counting CT Imaging

Advisor

Department

J Name

Dissertation Title

Advisor

Department

Development of Nanoparticle-Based Contrast Agents for Applications with Conventional and Photon-Counting CT Imaging

David Peter Comode

Investigation of High-Surface-Area Titanate (ATiO3) Thin Films Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition

Raymond J. Gorte

CBE

Aoyi Luo

Control of Dry Adhesion via Mechanics and Structuring

Kevin Turner

MEAM

Neha Manohar

Solvent-Driven Infiltration of Polymer (SIP) into Nanoparticle Packings

Daeyeon Lee

CBE

Jason Matthew Rossi

A Scalable, Point-Of-Care, Microfluidic Approach for Assessing Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Scott Diamond

ESE

Jeongyun Seo

Human Organ-On-Chip Systems for the Study of Biomechanical Forces in Health and Disease

Dongeun Huh

Naixin Song

A Microwell-Based Impedance Sensor in Microneedle Shape for Cytokine Detection

Mark George Allen

ESE

Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman

Low-Dimensional Material Devices for Atomic Defect Engineering, Ionic and Molecular Transport

Maria Drndic

ESE

Wei-Ju Tseng

Structural and Mechanical Responses to Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Treatment, Discontinuation and Cyclic Administration Regimens

Xiaowei Liu

MEAM

Han Wang

Engineering Nanocrystal Devices Through Cation Exchange and Surface Modifications

Cherie Kagan

ESE

Zhifeng Zhang

Orbital Angular Momentum Microlasers: From the First Demonstration to Ultrafast Tunability

Liang Feng

ESE

Joohoon Kim David Peter Comode

Investigation of High-Surface-Area Titanate (ATiO3) Thin Films Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition

Chao Lin Raymond J. Gorte

CBE

Aoyi Luo

Control of Dry Adhesion via Mechanics and Structuring

Kevin Turner

MEAM

Neha Manohar

Solvent-Driven Infiltration of Polymer (SIP) into Nanoparticle Packings

Daeyeon Lee

CBE

Jason Matthew Rossi

A Scalable, Point-Of-Care, Microfluidic Approach for Assessing Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Scott Diamond

ESE

Jeongyun Seo

Human Organ-On-Chip Systems for the Study of Biomechanical Forces in Health and Disease

Dongeun Huh

Naixin Song

A Microwell-Based Impedance Sensor in Microneedle Shape for Cytokine Detection

Mark George Allen

ESE

Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman

Low-Dimensional Material Devices for Atomic Defect Engineering, Ionic and Molecular Transport

Maria Drndic

ESE

Wei-Ju Tseng

Structural and Mechanical Responses to Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Treatment, Discontinuation and Cyclic Administration Regimens

Xiaowei Liu

MEAM

Han Wang

Engineering Nanocrystal Devices Through Cation Exchange and Surface Modifications

Cherie Kagan

ESE

Zhifeng Zhang

Orbital Angular Momentum Microlasers: From the First Demonstration to Ultrafast Tunability

Liang Feng

ESE

2020-2021

Graduates

Master's Degree Graduates

Name

Program

Name

Program

Rossiny Beaucejour

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Rossiny Beaucejour

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Jie Cai

Nanotechnology

Jie Cai

Nanotechnology

Wujoon Cha

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Wujoon Cha

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Jennifer Theresa Crossen

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Jennifer Theresa Crossen

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Michael Joseph D'Agati

Electrical and Systems Engineering

Michael Joseph D'Agati

Electrical and Systems Engineering

Xingyu Du

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Xingyu Du

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Andrew Dale Farnan

Nanotechnology

Andrew Dale Farnan

Nanotechnology

David Alexander Gonzalez-Medrano

Electrical and Systems Engineering

David Alexander Gonzalez-Medrano

Electrical and Systems Engineering

Yuchen Guo

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Yuchen Guo

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Melanie Hilman

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Melanie Hilman

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Lauren J Hoang

Electrical and Systems Engineering

Lauren J Hoang

Electrical and Systems Engineering

Yucong Hua

Materials Science and Engineering

Yucong Hua

Materials Science and Engineering

Abbas Idiris

Bioengineering

Abbas Idiris

Bioengineering

Meenakshisundaram Gokulanand Iyer

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Meenakshisundaram Gokulanand Iyer

Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Master's Degree Graduates

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Master's Degree Graduates

Name

Program

Name

Program

Peilin Li

Nanotechnology

Peilin Li

Nanotechnology

Yanbiao Li

Nanotechnology

Yanbiao Li

Nanotechnology

Kede Liu

Materials Science and Engineering

Kede Liu

Materials Science and Engineering

Yue Liu

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Yue Liu

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Alibekova Mariia Long

Bioengineering

Alibekova Mariia Long

Bioengineering

Andrew Jason Lynch

Nanotechnology

Andrew Jason Lynch

Nanotechnology

Mingxuan Ma

Nanotechnology

Mingxuan Ma

Nanotechnology

Ayankas Pattnaik

Nanotechnology

Ayankas Pattnaik

Nanotechnology

Benjamin Porat

Nanotechnology

Benjamin Porat

Nanotechnology

Yingqi Qiang

Nanotechnology

Yingqi Qiang

Nanotechnology

Francisco Daniel Saldana Fernandez

Nanotechnology

Francisco Daniel Saldana Fernandez

Nanotechnology

Yeonjoon Suh

Nanotechnology

Yeonjoon Suh

Nanotechnology

Jingyu Wu

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Jingyu Wu

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Danlin Zuo

Materials Science and Engineering

Danlin Zuo

Materials Science and Engineering

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Research News

2020-2021

Patents

2020– 2021

Confidential Disclosure Agreements

Sponsored Research Agreements

2021 Annual Report Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Research Achievements

2021 Annual Report Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Research Achievements

SITE RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS

The essential need for nano-science research continues to accelerate with technological advances

and a growing world population. Our research achievements continue to play a vital role in contributing

and shaping the world of nano-science development of technologies in the fields of electronics,

magnetics, optics, information technology, materials development and biomedicine. Through our

shared vision and collaborative culture, the following pages demonstrate the success and

contributions our researchers have provided in the field in academics and industry.

2020-2021

Researchers

Honors and Awards

Ritesh Agarwal Ritesh Agarwal, Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, has been elected a fellow of the Optical Society. The Optical Society cited Agarwal for “pioneering contributions to advancing complex light-matter interactions in low-dimensional semiconductors, phase-change and topological materials for applications in integrated photonics.”

Firooz Aflatouni Firooz Aflatouni, Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, in collaboration with Farshid Ashtiani, a postdoctoral scholar in Aflatouni’s research group was awarded the 2020 Bell Labs Prize by the Nokia Bell Labs for their proposal “Integrated Photonic-mmWave Deep Networks.” The Nokia Bell Labs Prize is a competition for innovators that seeks to recognize innovations that solve the key challenges facing humanity, and provides selected innovators the unique opportunity to collaborate with Nokia Bell Labs researchers to help realize their vision..

Robert Carpick Robert Carpick, John Henry Towne Professor in the department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, has received the Nanotechnology Recognition Award from the Nanoscale Science and Technology Division (NSTD) of AVS, an interdisciplinary professional society centered on the fields of materials, interfaces, and processing. The Nanotechnology Recognition Award “recognizes members of NSTD for outstanding scientific and technical contributions in the science of fabrication, characterization, and fundamental research employing nanometer-scale structures, scanning probe microscopy, technology transfer involving nanometer-scale structures, and/ or the promotion and dissemination of knowledge and development in these areas.”

Eric Detsi Eric Detsi, Stephenson Term Assistant Professor in Materials Science, has been awarded the S. Reid Warren, Jr., Award, which is presented annually by the undergraduate student body the and Engineering Alumni Society in recognition of outstanding service in stimulating and guiding the intellectual and professional development of undergraduate students.

Nader Engheta Nader Engheta, H. Nedwill Ramsey Professor in Electrical and Systems Engineering, Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, has been awarded the 2020 Isaac Newton Medal and Prize by tAe Institute of Physics (IOP). The award was given in recognition of Engheta’s groundbreaking innovation and transformative contributions to electromagnetic complex materials and nanoscale optics, and for pioneering development of the fields of near-zeroindex metamaterials, and material-inspired analogue computation and optical nanocircuitry.

Zahra Fakhraai Zahra Fakhraai, Associate Professor of Chemistry, in the School of Arts and Sciences, is awarded the Dean’s Award for mentorship of undergraduate research for 2021. This award recognizes faculty excellence in the extensive process of mentoring graduate students to prepare them for productive careers.

Deep Jariwala Deep Jariwala, Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, has been named a winner of their Frontiers of Materials Award by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS). The TMS Frontiers of Materials Award is given to a top-performing early career professional capable of organizing a Frontiers of Materials Event comprising a hot or emergent technical topic at the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition.

Honors and Awards

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Vijay Kumar

Kathleen Stebe

Vijay Kumar

Kathleen Stebe

Vijay Kumar has been reappointed as the Nemirovsky Family Dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania. His term will run through June 30, 2027.

Kathleen Stebe, Richer & Elizabeth Goodwin Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering has been elected to the National Academy of Engineering for her contributions to understanding of nonequilibrium processes at soft matter interfaces and its impact on new technologies. The Academy membership honors those who have made outstanding contributions to “engineering research, practice, or education, including, where appropriate, significant contributions to the engineering literature” and to “the pioneering of new and developing fields of technology, making major advancements in traditional fields of engineering, or developing/implementing innovative approaches to engineering education.”

Vijay Kumar has been reappointed as the Nemirovsky Family Dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania. His term will run through June 30, 2027.

Under Kumar’s leadership during the previous six years, the School’s strategic plan, Penn Engineering 2020, has catalyzed growth across all of the School’s dimensions, especially in engineering health, data science and computation, and energy science and technology.

David F. Meaney David F. Meaney, the Solomon R. Pollack Professor in Bioengineering and Senior Associate Dean of Penn Engineering is a recipient of the 2021 Lindback Award. The award is the most prestigious teaching awards that full-time faculty members at the University of Pennsylvania can receive. His research areas span from traumatic brain injury to brain network theory.

Marc Miskin Marc Miskin, Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, has been awarded a 2021 Sloan Research Fellowship. The fellowship recognizes early-career scholars in the United States and Canada. Miskin’s research involves the design and control of microscopic robots. Adapting techniques used in the manufacture of computer chips, he and his colleagues are able to make tens of thousands of these robots at a time on a standard silicon wafer.

James Pikul James Pikul, Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, has been awarded a 2020 Moore Inventor Fellowship. This fellowship supports scientist-inventors who create new tools and technologies with a high potential to accelerate progress in the foundation’s areas of interest: scientific discovery, environmental conservation and patient care.

Kevin Turner Kevin Turner, the Department Chair of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, and a Professor in the Materials Science and Engineering Department, is a recipient of the 2021 Lindback Award. The award is the most prestigious teaching awards that full-time faculty members at the University of Pennsylvania can receive. His research group’s interests include small-scale systems and interfaces, with most of their work centering around surface and interface mechanics in micro- and nano-scale systems.

Karen I. Winey Karen I. Winey, TowerBrook Foundation Faculty Fellow, and Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, has received the 2020 Herman F. Mark Senior Scholar Award from the American Chemical Society (ACS) to recognize excellence in basic or applied research and leadership in polymer science by scientists of all ages. Karen I. Winey has received the 2020 Braskem Award for Excellence in Materials Science & Engineering from The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE). This award was given in recognition of her contributions to the understanding of and advancement of polymer nanocomposites and ion-containing polymers.

2020-2021

Researchers

In the News

Vijay Kumar reappointed Dean of Penn’s School of Engineering And Applied Science https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/vijaykumar-reappointed-dean-penns-schoolengineering-and-applied-science

Engineers pave way for chip components that could serve as both ram and rom https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/ engineers-pave-way-chip-componentscould-serve-both-ram-and-rom

Vijay Kumar reappointed Dean of Penn’s School of Engineering And Applied Science https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/vijaykumar-reappointed-dean-penns-schoolengineering-and-applied-science

Engineers pave way for chip components that could serve as both ram and rom https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/ engineers-pave-way-chip-componentscould-serve-both-ram-and-rom

With a ‘liquid assembly line,’ Penn researchers produce mrna-delivering nanoparticles a hundred times faster than standard microfluidic technologies https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/ with-a-liquid-assembly-line-pennresearchers-produce-mrna-deliveringnanoparticles-a-hundred-times-fasterthan-standard-microfluidic-technologies/

A blueprint for designing and synthesizing new, multifunctional materials https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/ blueprint-designing-and-synthesizing-newmultifunctional-materials

Penn Engineering’s latest ‘organ-on-a-chip’ is a new way to study cancer-related muscle wasting https://blog.seas.upenn. edu/penn-engineerings-latest-organ-ona-chip-is-a-new-way-to-study-cancerrelated-muscle-wasting/ Growing ‘metallic wood’ to new heights https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/ growing-metallic-wood-new-heights Paving the way for ‘next-generation’ lithium-ion batteries https://penntoday. upenn.edu/news/paving-way-nextgeneration-lithium-ion-batteries Vijay Kumar among six Penn Faculty elected to American Academy of Arts & Sciences https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/vijay-kumaramong-six-penn-faculty-elected-toamerican-academy-of-arts-sciences/

Penn Engineers’ supersymmetry-inspired microlaser arrays pave way for powering chip-sized optical systems https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/pennengineers-supersymmetry-inspiredmicrolaser-arrays-pave-way-for-poweringchip-sized-optical-systems/ Bioengineering’s organ-on-a-chip spin-off is growing https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/ bioengineerings-organ-on-a-chip-spin-offis-growing/ Two Penn Engineers receive 2021 Lindback Awards https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/twopenn-engineers-receive-2021-lindbackawards/ Paving the way for new light-powered devices https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/ paving-way-new-light-powered-devices Six from Penn elected to American Academy of Arts & Sciences https://penntoday.upenn. edu/news/six-penn-elected-americanacademy-arts-sciences

Even without a brain, metal-eating robots can search for food https://penntoday. upenn.edu/news/even-without-brain-metaleating-robots-can-search-food

Developing a new platform for DNA sequencing https://penntoday.upenn. edu/news/developing-new-platform-dnasequencing

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Researchers reach new heights with lightbased levitation https://penntoday.upenn. edu/news/researchers-reach-new-heightslight-based-levitation New bioprinting technique allows for complex microtissues https://penntoday. upenn.edu/news/new-bioprintingtechnique-allows-complex-microtissues Five Penn faculty named 2021 Sloan Research Fellows https://penntoday.upenn. edu/news/five-penn-faculty-named-2021sloan-research-fellows Cherie Kagan, Director of new NSF Center on Agricultural Internet of Things, takes a ‘scientist selfie https://medium.com/ penn-engineering/cherie-kagan-director-ofnew-nsf-center-on-agriculture-internet-ofthings-takes-a-scientist-ac2b495e190f Penn Engineers’ new filtration membranes have unprecedented performance thanks to uniform, one-nanometer-wide pores https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/pennengineers-new-filtration-membranes-haveunprecedented-performance-thanks-touniform-one-nanometer-wide-pores/ An ‘electronic nose’ to sniff out COVID-19 https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/ electronic-nose-sniff-out-covid-19 Penn, Purdue, UC Merced and UF Partner on $26M NSF Engineering Research Center for the Internet of Things for Precision Agriculture https://medium.com/pennengineering/penn-purdue-uc-merced-anduf-partner-on-new-26m-nsf-engineeringresearch-center-for-the-29a788a5e762 Penn Dental, Penn Engineering unite to form Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/penndental-penn-engineering-unite-formcenter-innovation-precision-dentistry Penn joins ‘cryo revolution’ by adding Nobel-winning microscope https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/ penn-joins-cryo-revolution-adding-nobelwinning-microscope

Karen Winey earns pair of scholarly awards for her work on polymer science https://medium.com/penn-engineering/ karen-winey-earns-pair-of-scholarlyawards-for-her-work-on-polymer-science6d8a98e980fc Using lung-on-a-chip technology to find treatments for chlorine gas exposure https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/usinglung-chip-technology-find-treatmentschlorine-gas-exposure Watch: National Science Foundation video on nanocardboard flyers https://medium.com/penn-engineering/ watch-national-science-foundation-videoon-nanocardboard-flyers-e6c83053ee6b Engineers develop laser-controlled, cell-sized robots https://penntoday. upenn.edu/news/engineers-develop-lasercontrolled-cell-sized-robots Engineers manipulate color on the nanoscale, making it disappear https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/ engineers-manipulate-color-nanoscalemaking-it-disappear Penn Engineering and Cornell researchers develop laser-controlled, cell-sized robots https://medium.com/penn-engineering/ penn-engineering-and-cornell-researchersdevelop-laser-controlled-cell-sized-robotsa2b7663ec1d4 Tsourkas Lab and Penn start-up AlphaThera awarded NIH grant to improve covid-19 detection assays https://blog.seas.upenn. edu/tsourkas-lab-and-penn-start-upalphathera-awarded-nih-grant-to-improvecovid-19-detection-assays/ James Pikul awarded 2020 Moore Inventor Fellowship to develop ‘synthetic metabolism’ https://blog.seas.upenn. edu/james-pikul-awarded-2020-mooreinventor-fellowship-to-develop-syntheticmetabolism/

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

2020-2021

Researchers

In the News

Danielle Bassett and Jason Burdick are among world’s most highly cited researchers https://blog.seas.upenn. edu/danielle-bassett-and-jason-burdickare-among-worlds-most-highly-citedresearchers/ Two Penn research teams win NSF awards to pursue ‘the future of manufacturing’ https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/two-pennresearch-teams-win-nsf-awards-to-pursuethe-future-of-manufacturing/ Christopher B. Murray named 2020 citation laureate, a mark of ‘nobel class’ research https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/christopher-bmurray-named-2020-citation-laureate-amark-of-nobel-class-research/ From an old toy to a new mechanism of flight https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/from-anold-toy-to-a-new-mechanism-of-flight/ Deep Jariwala on the future of two-dimensional materials https://blog. seas.upenn.edu/deep-jariwala-on-thefuture-of-two-dimensional-materials/ Firooz Aflatouni wins 2020 Bell Labs prize https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/firoozaflatouni-wins-nokia-bell-labs-prize/ Marc Miskin wins two young investigator awards for microrobotic research https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/marc-miskinwins-two-young-investigator-awards-formicrorobotic-research/ Penn joins ‘Cryo Revolution’ by adding nobel-winning microscope https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/penn-joinscryo-revolution-by-adding-nobel-winningmicroscope/

In the News

Blending up new materials https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/blending-upnew-materials/ Uniting against an invisible foe, https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/unitingagainst-an-invisible-foe/ Marc Miskin named 2021 Sloan Research Fellow https://blog.seas.upenn. edu/marc-miskin-named-2021-sloanresearch-fellow/ No battery? No problem https://blog.seas. upenn.edu/no-battery-no-problem/ Using lung-on-a-chip technology to find treatments for chlorine gas exposure https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/using-lung-ona-chip-technology-to-find-treatments-forchlorine-gas-exposure/ Carpick Group collaborates with Pixelligent Technologies and Argonne National Laboratory on department of energy project https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/carpick-groupcollaborates-with-pixelligent-technologiesand-argonne-national-laboratory-ondepartment-of-energy-project/ Nader Engheta Awarded Isaac Newton Medal and Prize https://blog.seas.upenn. edu/nader-engheta-awarded-isaac-newtonmedal-and-prize/ Robert Carpick earns AVS nanotechnology recognition award https://blog.seas. upenn.edu/robert-carpick-earns-avsnanotechnology-recognition-award/ Even without a brain, Penn Engineering’s metal-eating robots can search for food https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/even-withouta-brain-penn-engineerings-metal-eatingrobots-can-search-for-food/

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Plenty of beauty at the bottom https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/plenty-ofbeauty-at-the-bottom/ Karen Winey: Leadership in Action https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/karen-wineyleadership-in-action/ A blueprint for designing and synthesizing new, multifunctional materials https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/a-blueprintfor-designing-and-synthesizing-newmultifunctional-materials/ Deep Jariwala wins Frontiers of Materials Award https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/deepjariwala-wins-frontiers-of-materials-award/ Ritesh Agarwal elected Fellow of the Optical Society https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/riteshagarwal-elected-fellow-of-the-opticalsociety/ Penn Engineers create helical topological exciton-polaritons, a new type of quasiparticles with applications in quantum computing https://blog.seas. upenn.edu/penn-engineers-create-helicaltopological-exciton-polaritons-a-newtype-of-quasiparticles-with-applicationsin-quantum-computing/

Penn Engineers’ nanoscale studies pave way for ‘next-generation’ li-ion batteries https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/pennengineers-nanoscale-studies-pave-wayfor-next-generation-li-ion-batteries/ Research at Penn showcases University breakthroughs and innovations https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/research-atpenn-showcases-university-breakthroughsand-innovations/ Penn Dental, Penn Engineering unite to form center for innovation & precision dentistry https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/penn-dentalpenn-engineering-unite-to-form-center-forinnovation-precision-dentistry/ Y-Prize 2021 – 2022: Nanostructured Membranes and Semantic SLAM https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/y-prize-20212022-nanostructured-membranes-andsemantic-slam/ Kathleen Stebe elected to National Academy of Engineering https://blog.seas.upenn. edu/kathleen-stebe-elected-to-nationalacademy-of-engineering/

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Two Penn Engineering faculty members appointed to Department of Energy https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/two-pennengineering-faculty-members-appointedto-department-of-energy/

Penn and UC merced research reveals an unexpected mechanism behind friction for 2D materials https://blog.seas.upenn.edu/ penn-and-uc-merced-research-reveals-anunexpected-mechanism-behind-frictionfor-2d-materials/

2020-2021

Publications

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Firooz Aflatouni

Conferences

Firooz Aflatouni

Xie, P., Song, N., Shen, W., Allen, M., Javanmard, M. “Nanowell array impedance sensor for label-free quantification of cytokines in serum at femtomolar level detection limits,” 21st International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2017, 2020.

Idjadi, M.H., Aflatouni, F. “Nanophotonic phase noise filter in silicon,”Nature Photonics, 14(4), pp. 234-239, 2020.

Idjadi, M.H., Aflatouni, F. “Nanophotonic phase noise filter in silicon,”Nature Photonics, 14(4), pp. 234-239, 2020. Ashtiani, F., Aflatouni, F. “Photonic assisted microwave near-field imager,” CLEO: Science and Innovations, pp. SW3O-5, Optical Society of America, 2020. Idjadi, M.H., Arab, S., Aflatouni, F. “Optical frequency comb generation in silicon by recursive electro-optic modulation,” CLEO: Science and Innovations, pp. SF3O-5, Optical Society of America, 2020. Conferences Hao, H. Du, L., Richardson, A.G., Lucas, T.H., Allen, M.G., Van der Spiegel, J., Aflatouni, F. “A hybrid-integrated artificial mechanoreceptor in 180nmCMOS,” IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), Los Angeles, CA, 2020, pp. 155-158, 2020.

Ritesh Agarwal Wang, Y., Liu, W., Ji, Z., Modi, G., Hwang, M., Agarwal, R. “Coherent interactions in onedimensional topological photonic systems and their applications in all-optical logic operation,” Nano Letters 20 (12), 8796-8802, 2020. Liu, W., Ji, Z., Wang, Y., Modi, G., Hwang, M., Zheng, B., Sorger, V.J., Pan, A., Agarwal, R. “Generation of helical topological excitonpolaritons,” Science 30, pp. 600-604, 2020. Zhang, Z., Qiao, X., Midya, B., Liu, K., Sun, J., Wu, T., Liu, W., Agarwal, R., Jornet, J. M., Longhi, S., Litchinitser, N.M., Feng, L. “Tunable topological charge vortex microlaser,” Science, pp. 760-763, May 2020. Ji, Z., Liu, W., Krylyuk, S., Fan, X., Zhang, Z., Pan, A., Feng, L., Davydov, A., Agarwal, R. “Photocurrent detection of the orbital angular momentum of light,” Science, 368 (6492), pp. 763-767, 2020. Berger, J.S., Ee, H-S., Ren, M., Agarwal, D., Liu, W., Agarwal, R. “Self-aligned on-chip coupled photonic devices using individual cadmium sulfide nanobelts,” Nano Research 13 (5): pp. 1413–1418, 2020.

Fan, X., Ji, Z., Fei, R., Zheng, W., Liu, W., Zhu, X., Chen, S., Li Yang, L., Liu, H., Pan, A., Agarwal, R. “Mechanism of extreme optical nonlinearities in spiral WS2 above the bandgap,” Nano Letters, 20, 4, pp. 2667–2673, 2020. Modi, G., Stach, E.A., Agarwal, R. “Low-power switching through disorder and carrier localization in bismuth-doped germanium telluride phase change memory nanowires,” ACS Nano, 14, 2, pp. 2162–2171, 2020. Liu, W., Hwang, M., Ji, Z., Wang, Y., Modi, G., Agarwal, R. “Z2 photonic topological insulators in the visible wavelength range for robust nanoscale photonics,” Nano Letters, 20, 2, pp. 1329–1335, 2020.

Mark Allen Xie, P., Song, N., Shen, W., Allen, M., Javanmard, M. “A ten-minute, single step, label-free, sampleto-answer assay for qualitative detection of cytokines in serum at femtomolar levels,” Biomed Microdevices 22, 73, 2020. Synodis, M., Pyo, J.B., Kim, M. Oh, H., Wang, X., Allen, M.G. “Fully additive fabrication of electrically anisotropic multilayer materials based on sequential electrodeposition,” Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1510-1517, Dec. 2020. She, D., Allen, M.G. “A self-powered, biodegradable dissolved oxygen microsensor,” journal of microelectromechanical systems, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1074-1078, Oct. 2020.

Hao, H. Du, L., Richardson, A.G., Lucas, T.H., Allen, M.G., Van der Spiegel, J., Aflatouni, F. “A hybrid-integrated artificial mechanoreceptor in 180nmCMOS,” IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), Los Angeles, CA, 2020, pp. 155-158, 2020. Mahmoodi, S.R., Xie, P., Zachs, D.P., Peterson, E.J., Lim, H.H., Allen, M, Javanmard, M. “Label-free impedimetric sensing of cortisol in human serum based on nanowell array electrodes,” 24th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS, pp. 526-527, 2020.

Paulo Arratia Galloway, K.L., Ma, X., Keim, N.C., Jerolmack, D.J., Yodh, A.G., Arratia, P.E. “Scaling of relaxation and excess entropy in plastically deformed amorphous solids,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (22), pp. 11887-11893, 2020.

Markus Blatz

Mahmoodi, S.R., Xie, P. Allen, M., Javanmard, M. “Multiwell plate impedance analysis of a nanowell array sensor for label-free detection of cytokines in mouse serum,” IEEE Sensor Letters, MicroTAS 2017 pp. 497-498, 2020.

Conejo, J., Ozer, F., Mante, F., Atria, P.J., Blatz, M.B. “Effect of surface treatment and cleaning on the bond strength to polymer-infiltrated ceramic network CAD-CAM material,” The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2020.`

Ananthakrishnan, A., Allen, M.G. “All-passive hardware implementation of multilayer perceptron classifiers,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 2020.

Park, M., Islam, S., Kim, H-E., Korostoff, J., Blatz, M.B., Hwang, G., Kim, A. “Human oral motion-powered smart dental implant (SDI) for in situ ambulatory photo-biomodulation therapy,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, 9, 16, 2000658, 2020.

Synodis, M., Pikul, J., Allen, S.A.B., Allen, M.G. “Vertically integrated high voltage Zn-Air batteries enabled by stacked multilayer electrodeposition,” Journal of Power Sources, 449, pp. 227566, 2020.

Conejo, J., Atria, P.J., Hirata, R., Blatz, M.B. “Copy milling to duplicate the emergence profile for implant-supported restorations,” The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Volume 123, Issue 5, pp. 671-674, 2020.

Ashtiani, F., Aflatouni, F. “Photonic assisted microwave near-field imager,” CLEO: Science and Innovations, pp. SW3O-5, Optical Society of America, 2020. Idjadi, M.H., Arab, S., Aflatouni, F. “Optical frequency comb generation in silicon by recursive electro-optic modulation,” CLEO: Science and Innovations, pp. SF3O-5, Optical Society of America, 2020. Conferences Hao, H. Du, L., Richardson, A.G., Lucas, T.H., Allen, M.G., Van der Spiegel, J., Aflatouni, F. “A hybrid-integrated artificial mechanoreceptor in 180nmCMOS,” IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), Los Angeles, CA, 2020, pp. 155-158, 2020.

Conferences Xie, P., Song, N., Shen, W., Allen, M., Javanmard, M. “Nanowell array impedance sensor for label-free quantification of cytokines in serum at femtomolar level detection limits,” 21st International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2017, 2020. Hao, H. Du, L., Richardson, A.G., Lucas, T.H., Allen, M.G., Van der Spiegel, J., Aflatouni, F. “A hybrid-integrated artificial mechanoreceptor in 180nmCMOS,” IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), Los Angeles, CA, 2020, pp. 155-158, 2020. Mahmoodi, S.R., Xie, P., Zachs, D.P., Peterson, E.J., Lim, H.H., Allen, M, Javanmard, M. “Label-free impedimetric sensing of cortisol in human serum based on nanowell array electrodes,” 24th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS, pp. 526-527, 2020.

Markus Blatz

Ananthakrishnan, A., Allen, M.G. “All-passive hardware implementation of multilayer perceptron classifiers,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 2020.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Igor Bargatin

Lee Bassett

Jiao, P., Nicaise, S.M., Azadi, M., Cortes, J., Lilley, D.E., Cha, W., Purohit, P.K., Bargatin, I. “Tunable tensile response of honeycomb plates with nanoscale thickness: Testing and modeling,” Extreme Mechanics Letters, 34, pp. 100599, 2020.

Fishman, R., Patel, R., Hopper, D., Huang, T.Y., Bassett, L. “Photon statistics as an analytical tool in solid-state defect systems,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

Cortes, J., Stanczak, C., Azadi, M., Narula, M., Nicaise, S.M., Hu, H., Bargatin, I. 2020. “Photophoretic levitation: photophoretic levitation of macroscopic nanocardboard plates,” Advanced Materials, 32, 16, pp. 2070127, 2020. Campbell, M.F., Azadi, M., Lu, Z., Eskenazi, A.G., Jain, A., Bang, J.W., Sieg, P.G., Popov, G.A., Nicaise, S.M., Van Houten, K.C., Schmitt, F. “Nanostructured spacers for thermionic and thermophotovoltaic energy converters,” Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 29, 5, pp. 637-644, 2020. Azadi, M., Lu, Z., Popov, G.A., Stanczak, C.H., Eskenazi, A.G., Ponnarassery, P., Cortes, J., Campbell, M.F., Bargatin, I. “Demonstration of atmospheric-pressure radiometer with nanocardboard vanes,” Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, V 29, 5, pp. 811-817, 2020. Cha, W., Campbell, M.F., Popov, G.A., Stanczak, C.H., Estep, A.K., Steager, E.B., Sung, C.R., Yim, M.H., Bargatin, I. “Microfabricated foldable wings for centimeter-scale microflyers,” Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 29 (5), pp. 1127-1129, 2020.

Sue Ann Bidstrup Allen Synodis, M., Pikul, J., Allen, S.A.B. and Allen, M.G. “Vertically integrated high voltage ZnAir batteries enabled by stacked multilayer electrodeposition,” Journal of Power Sources, 449, pp. 227566, 2020.

Hopper, D.A., Lauigan, J.D., Huang, T.Y. and Bassett, L.C. “Real-time charge initialization of diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers for enhanced spin readout,” Physical Review Applied, 13 (2), pp. 024016, 2020. Kagan, C.R., Bassett, L.C., Murray, C.B., Thompson, S.M. “Colloidal quantum dots as platforms for quantum information science,” Chemical Reviews, 2020. Breitweiser, S.A., Exarhos, A.L., Patel, R.N., Saouaf, J., Porat, B., Hopper, D.A. Bassett, L.C. “Efficient optical quantification of heterogeneous emitter ensembles,” ACS Photonics, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 288-295, 2020. Conferences Hopper, D.A., Lauigan, J.D., Huang, T.Y. and Bassett, L.C. “Real-time charge control of diamond quantum sensors,” In Quantum 2.0 pp. QTh5B-4, Optical Society of America, 2020.

Jason Burdick Daly, A.C., Riley, L., Segura, T., Burdick, J.A. “Hydrogel microparticles for biomedical applications,” Nature Reviews Materials, 5 (1), pp. 20-43, 2020. Davidson, M.D., Ban, E., Schoonen, A.C., Lee, M.H., D’Este, M., Shenoy, V.B., Burdick, J.A. “Mechanochemical adhesion and plasticity in multifiber hydrogel networks,” Advanced Materials, 32 (8), pp.1905719, 2020. Davidson, M.D., Ban, E., Schoonen, A.C., Lee, M.H., D’Este, M., Shenoy, V.B., Burdick, J.A. “Hydrogels: mechanochemical adhesion and plasticity in multifiber hydrogel networks,” Advanced Materials, 32 (8), pp. 2070061, 2020. Sun, W., Starly, B., Daly, A.C., Burdick, J.A., Groll, J., Skeldon, G., Shu, W., Sakai, Y., Shinohara, M., Nishikawa, M., Jang, J. “The bioprinting roadmap,” Biofabrication, 12 (2), pp. 022002, 2020.

Song, K.H., Heo, S.J., Peredo, A.P., Davidson, M.D., Mauck, R.L., Burdick, J.A. “Influence of fiber stiffness on meniscal cell migration into dense fibrous networks,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, 9 (8), pp. 1901228, 2020. Davidson, M.D., Burdick, J.A., Wells, R.G. “Engineered biomaterial platforms to study fibrosis,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, 9 (8), pp. 1901682, 2020. Hong, S.H., Shin, M., Park, E., Ryu, J.H., Burdick, J.A., Lee, H. “Alginate-boronic acid: pH-triggered bioinspired glue for hydrogel assembly,” Advanced Functional Materials, 30 (26), pp. 1908497, 2020.

Robert Carpick Vazirisereshk, M.R., Hasz, K., Zhao, M.Q., Johnson, A.C., Carpick, R.W., Martini, A. “Nanoscale friction behavior of transition-metal dichalcogenides: role of the chalcogenide.” ACS Nano, 14 (11), pp. 16013-16021, 2020. McClimon, J.B., Hilbert, J., Lukes, J.R., Carpick, R.W. “Nanoscale run-in of silicon oxide-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon: dependence of interfacial shear strength on sliding length and humidity,” Tribology Letters, 68 (3), pp. 1-14, 2020. Murdoch, T.J., Pashkovski, E., Patterson, R., Carpick, R.W., Lee, D. “Sticky but slick: reducing friction using associative and nonassociative polymer lubricant additives,” ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2 (9), pp. 4062-407, 2020. Tian, K., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Gosvami, N.N., Goldsby, D.L., Szlufarska, I., Carpick, R.W. “Linear aging behavior at short timescales in nanoscale contacts,” Physical Review Letters, 124 (2), pp. 026801, 2020. Gosvami, N.N., Lahouij, I., Ma, J., Carpick, R.W. “Nanoscale in situ study of ZDDP tribofilm growth at aluminum-based interfaces using atomic force microscopy,” Tribology International, 143, pp. 106075, 2020. Elinski, M.B., LaMascus, P., Zheng, L., Jackson, A., Wiacek, R., Carpick, R. “Interactions between nanoparticles and extreme pressure additives: toward high performance low viscosity lubricants,” 2020.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Igor Bargatin

Lee Bassett

Hopper, D.A., Lauigan, J.D., Huang, T.Y. and Bassett, L.C. “Real-time charge control of diamond quantum sensors,” In Quantum 2.0 pp. QTh5B-4, Optical Society of America, 2020.

McClimon, J.B., Hilbert, J., Lukes, J.R., Carpick, R.W. “Nanoscale run-in of silicon oxide-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon: dependence of interfacial shear strength on sliding length and humidity,” Tribology Letters, 68 (3), pp. 1-14, 2020.

Jason Burdick

Daly, A.C., Riley, L., Segura, T., Burdick, J.A. “Hydrogel microparticles for biomedical applications,” Nature Reviews Materials, 5 (1), pp. 20-43, 2020. Davidson, M.D., Ban, E., Schoonen, A.C., Lee, M.H., D’Este, M., Shenoy, V.B., Burdick, J.A. “Mechanochemical adhesion and plasticity in multifiber hydrogel networks,” Advanced Materials, 32 (8), pp.1905719, 2020. Davidson, M.D., Ban, E., Schoonen, A.C., Lee, M.H., D’Este, M., Shenoy, V.B., Burdick, J.A. “Hydrogels: mechanochemical adhesion and plasticity in multifiber hydrogel networks,” Advanced Materials, 32 (8), pp. 2070061, 2020. Sun, W., Starly, B., Daly, A.C., Burdick, J.A., Groll, J., Skeldon, G., Shu, W., Sakai, Y., Shinohara, M., Nishikawa, M., Jang, J. “The bioprinting roadmap,” Biofabrication, 12 (2), pp. 022002, 2020.

Tian, K., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Gosvami, N.N., Goldsby, D.L., Szlufarska, I., Carpick, R.W. “Linear aging behavior at short timescales in nanoscale contacts,” Physical Review Letters, 124 (2), pp. 026801, 2020. Gosvami, N.N., Lahouij, I., Ma, J., Carpick, R.W. “Nanoscale in situ study of ZDDP tribofilm growth at aluminum-based interfaces using atomic force microscopy,” Tribology International, 143, pp. 106075, 2020. Elinski, M.B., LaMascus, P., Zheng, L., Jackson, A., Wiacek, R., Carpick, R. “Interactions between nanoparticles and extreme pressure additives: toward high performance low viscosity lubricants,” 2020.

2020-2021

Publications

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Conferences

Russell Composto

Mangolini, F., Krick, B., Jacobs, T., Khanal, S., Streller, F., McClimon, J., Hilbert, J., Prasad, S., Scharf, T., Ohlhausen, J., Lukes, J., Sawyer, W., Carpick, R. “Addressing the achilles’ heels of amorphous carbon overcoats with doping: mechanisms of thermal and oxidative degradation,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

I-Wei Chen

Rose, K., Molaei, M., Boyle, M., Lee, D., Crocker, J., Composto, R. “Particle tracking of nanoparticles in soft matter,” Journal of Applied Physics, 127 (19), pp. 191101, 2020.

Alvarez, A., Dong, Y., Chen, I.W., “DC electrical degradation of YSZ: voltage-controlled electrical metallization of a fast ion conducting insulator,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 103(5), pp. 3178-3193, 2020. Dong, Y., Zhang, Z., Alvarez, A., Chen, I.W., “Potential jumps at transport bottlenecks cause instability of nominally ionic solid electrolytes in electrochemical cells,” Acta Materialia, 199, pp. 264-277, 2020.

David Cormode Higbee-Dempsey, E.M., Amirshaghaghi, A., Case, M.J., Bouché, M., Kim, J., Cormode, D.P., Tsourkas, A. “Biodegradable gold nanoclusters with improved excretion due to pH-triggered hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic transition,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142 (17), pp. 7783-7794. 2020. Hsu, J.C., Nieves, L.M., Betzer, O., Sadan, T., Noël, P.B., Popovtzer, R., Cormode, D.P. “Nanoparticle contrast agents for X-ray imaging applications,” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 12 (6), pp. e1642, 2020. Naha, P.C., Hsu, J.C., Kim, J., Shah, S., Bouché, M., Si-Mohamed, S., Rosario-Berrios, D.N., Douek, P., Hajfathalian, M., Yasini, P. Singh, S. “Dextrancoated cerium oxide nanoparticles: a computed tomography contrast agent for imaging the gastrointestinal tract and inflammatory bowel disease,” ACS Nano, 14 (8), pp. 10187-10197, 2020.

Park, J., Bailey, E., Composto, R., Winey, K. “Single-particle tracking of nonsticky and sticky nanoparticles in polymer melts,” Macromolecules, 53 (10), pp. 3933-3939, 2020.

Bailey, E.J., Griffin, P.J., Composto, R.J., Winey, K.I. “Characterizing the areal density and desorption kinetics of physically adsorbed polymer in polymer nanocomposite melts,” Macromolecules, 53 (7), pp. 2744-2753, 2020. Rasin, B., Lindsay, B.J., Ye, X., Meth, J.S., Murray, C.B., Riggleman, R.A., Composto, R.J. “Nanorod position and orientation in vertical cylinder block copolymer films,” Soft Matter, 16 (12), pp. 3005-3014, 2020. Parrish, E., Rose, K.A., Cargnello, M., Murray, C.B., Lee, D., Composto, R.J. “Nanoparticle diffusion during gelation of tetra poly (ethylene glycol) provides insight into nanoscale structural evolution,” Soft Matter, 16 (9), pp. 2256-2265, 2020. Parrish, E., Caporizzo, M.A., Rose, K.A., Composto, R.J. “Erratum: Network confinement and heterogeneity slows nanoparticle diffusion in polymer gels,” Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 152, no. 4, 2020. Conferences O’Bryan, C., Zavgorodnya, O., Composto, R., Lee, D. “Influence of polymer structure on adsorption onto metal surfaces,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, APS March Meeting, 2020. Rose, K., Lee, D., Composto, R. “PH modulated nanoparticle diffusion in silica-polyacrylamide hydrogels,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

Maguire, S., Pana, A.M., Lee, H., Rannou, P., Maréchal, M., Ohno, K., Composto, R. “Morphological effects on ionic conductivity in solid polymer nanocomposite electrolytes,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020. Bilchak, C., Maguire, S., Tsaggaris, T., Welborn, S., Corsi, J., Detsi, E., Ford, J., Pressly, J., Fakhraai, Z., Composto, R. “Polymer infiltrated nanoporous metals to create bicontinuous composite materials,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Vo, T., Elbert, K., Krook, N., Zygmunt, W., Park, J., Yager, K., Composto, R., Glotzer, S., Murray, C. “Predictive modeling of dendrimer directed nanoparticle self-assembly,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Bailey, E., Composto, R., Winey, K. “Multiscale polymer and nanoparticle dynamics in attractive polymer nanocomposite melts,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020. Park, J., Bailey, E., Composto, R., Winey, K. “Single-particle tracking of nonsticky and sticky nanoparticles in polymer melts,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

Eric Detsi Li, M., Qiu, T., Foucher, A.C., Fu, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, D., Rappe, A.M., Stach, E.A., Detsi, E. “Impact of hierarchical nanoporous architectures on sodium storage in antimonybased sodium-ion battery anodes,” ACS Applied Energy Materials, 3 (11), pp. 11231-11241, 2020. Lee, T., Fu, J., Basile, V., Corsi, J.S., Wang, Z., Detsi, E. “Activated alumina as value-added byproduct from the hydrolysis of hierarchical nanoporous aluminum with pure water to generate hydrogen fuel,” Renewable Energy, 155, pp. 189-196, 2020. Mooraj, S., Welborn, S.S., Jiang, S., Peng, S., Fu, J., Baker, S., Duoss, E.B., Zhu, C., Detsi, E, Chen, W. “Three-dimensional hierarchical nanoporous copper via direct ink writing and dealloying,” Scripta Materialia, 177, pp. 146-150, 2020. Mooraj, S., Welborn, S.S., Jiang, S., Peng, S., Fu, J., Baker, S., Duoss, E.B., Zhu, C., Detsi, E., Chen, W. “Three-dimensional hierarchical nanoporous copper via direct ink writing and dealloying,” Scripta Materialia, 177, pp. 146-150, 2020.

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Conferences

Russell Composto

I-Wei Chen

Rose, K., Molaei, M., Boyle, M., Lee, D., Crocker, J., Composto, R. “Particle tracking of nanoparticles in soft matter,” Journal of Applied Physics, 127 (19), pp. 191101, 2020.

Park, J., Bailey, E., Composto, R., Winey, K. “Single-particle tracking of nonsticky and sticky nanoparticles in polymer melts,” Macromolecules, 53 (10), pp. 3933-3939, 2020.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Zhang, D., Fu, J., Wang, Z., Wang, L., Corsi, J.S., Detsi, E. “Perspective—reversible magnesium storage in silicon: an ongoing challenge,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167 (5), pp. 050514, 2020. Li, M., Wang, Z. Detsi, E. “In situ electrochemical dilatometry study of (de) lithiation and polysulfide dissolution-induced dimensional changes in lithium-sulfur cathodes during charging and discharging,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167 (5), pp. 050505, 2020. Welborn, S.S., Detsi, E. “Small-angle X-ray scattering of nanoporous materials,” Nanoscale Horizons, 5 (1), pp. 12-24, 2020. Conferences Fu, J. Detsi, E. “Eco-friendly synthesis of nanoporous magnesium by air-free electrolytic dealloying of magnesium-lithium alloy with recovery of sacrificial lithium,” ECS Meeting Abstracts, (No. 50, p. 3831), IOP Publishing, 2020. Corsi, J.S., Fu, J., Lee, T., Detsi, E. “Integrated hybrid fuel cell-battery power generator enabled through electrochemical hydrolysis of nanoporous aluminum,” ECS Meeting Abstracts, (No. 1, p. 97). IOP Publishing, 2020. Pröschel, A., Welborn, S.S., Fu, J., Detsi, E. “Ultrahigh-rate pseudocapacitive energy storage in three-dimensional nanoporous gold/silver oxide composites through oxidation/reduction of silver (i) oxide to silver (iii) oxide in non-aqueous electrolytes,” ECS Meeting Abstracts, (No. 4, p. 583), IOP Publishing, 2020. Chacko, J., Corsi, J.S., Welborn, S.S., Detsi, E. “In Situ UV-visible optical spectroscopy study of nanoporous gold formation by electrolytic dealloying,” ECS Meeting Abstracts, (No. 48, p. 2718), IOP Publishing, 2020. Welborn, S.S., Wang, L., Li, M., Qiu, T., Foucher, A., Stach, E.A., Rappe, A., Detsi, E. “Crystallineto-amorphous phase transformations as a key ingredient to enhanced rate performance and cycle life in mg-and na-ion battery anodes: operando x-ray scattering studies,” In PRiME 2020 (ECS, ECSJ, & KECS Joint Meeting), ECS, 2020. Lee, T., Fu, J., Corsi, J.S., Detsi, E. “Nanoporous aluminum for solid-state hydrogen storage,” ECS Meeting Abstracts, (No. 48, p. 2716), IOP Publishing, 2020.

van der Pluijm, M.W., Chen, R., Lee, A., Mui, J., Corsi, J.S., De Hosson, J.T., Detsi, E. “Directly generated hydrogen to feed a 2.4 kw pem fuel cell stack by hydrolysis of nanoporous aluminum with pure water,” ECS Meeting Abstracts (No. 1, p. 86). IOP Publishing, 2020. Bilchak, C., Maguire, S., Tsaggaris, T., Welborn, S., Corsi, J., Detsi, E., Ford, J., Pressly, J., Fakhraai, Z., Composto, R. “Polymer infiltrated nanoporous metals to create bicontinuous composite materials,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

Marija Drndić Thiruraman, J.P., Dar, S.A., Das, P.M., Hassani, N., Neek-Amal, M., Keerthi, A., Drndić, M., Radha, B., “Gas flow through atomic-scale apertures,” Science Advances, 6 (51), pp. eabc7927, 2020. Thiruraman, J.P., Masih Das, P., Drndić, M. “Correction to ions and water dancing through atom-scale holes: a perspective toward ‘size zero,’” ACS Nano, 14 (11), pp. 16158-16158, 2020.

Ivan Dmochowski

Thiruraman, J.P., Masih Das, P., Drndić, M. “Stochastic Ionic Transport in Single Atomic Zero-Dimensional Pores,” ACS Nano, 14 (9), pp. 11831-11845, 2020.

Zheng, X., Calò, A., Cao, T., Liu, X., Huang, Z., Das, P.M., Drndić, M., Albisetti, E., Lavini, F., Narang, V., King, W.P. “Spatial defects nanoengineering for bipolar conductivity in MoS 2,” Nature Communications, 11 (1), pp. 1-12, 2020.

Yang, L., Eberwine, J.H., Dmochowski, I.J., “Caspase-activated oligonucleotide probe,” Bioconjugate Chemistry, 31 (9), pp. 2172-2178, 2020.

Masih Das, P., Drndić, M. “In Situ 2D mos2 field-effect transistors with an electron beam gate,” ACS Nano, 14 (6), pp. 7389-7397, 2020.

Du, K., Zemerov, S.D., Carroll, P.J., Dmochowski, I.J. “Paramagnetic shifts and guest exchange kinetics in co n fe4–n metal–organic capsules,” Inorganic Chemistry, 59 (17), pp. 12758-12767, 2020. Yeldell, S.B., Yang, L., Lee, J., Eberwine, J.H., Dmochowski, I.J. “Oligonucleotide probe for transcriptome in vivo analysis (tiva) of single neurons with minimal background,” ACS Chemical Biology, 15 (10), pp. 2714-2721, 2020. Chattaraj, R., Hwang, M., Zemerov, S.D., Dmochowski, I.J., Hammer, D.A., Lee, D., Sehgal, C.M. “Ultrasound responsive noble gas microbubbles for applications in imageguided gas delivery,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, 9, (9), pp. 1901721, 2020.

Mandyam, S.V., Kim, H.M., Drndić, M. “Large area few-layer TMD film growths and their applications,” Journal of Physics: Materials, 3 (2), pp. 024008, 2020. Chou, Y.C., Masih Das, P., Monos, D.S., Drndić, M. “Lifetime and stability of silicon nitride nanopores and nanopore arrays for ionic measurements,” ACS Nano, 14 (6), pp. 67156728, 2020. Figueroa, K.S., Pinto, N.J., Mandyam, S.V., Zhao, M.Q., Wen, C., Masih Das, P., Gao, Z., Drndić, M., Johnson, A.T. “Controlled doping of graphene by impurity charge compensation via a polarized ferroelectric polymer,” Journal of Applied Physics, 127 (12), pp. 125503, 2020. Thiruraman, J.P., Masih Das, P., Drndić, M. “Ions and water dancing through atom-scale holes: a perspective toward ‘size zero,’” ACS Nano, 14 (4), pp. 3736-3746. Zhang, Q., Wang, S., Gao, Z., Hurtado Parra, S., Das, P., Berry, J., Addison, Z., Parkin, W., Drndić, M., Kikkawa, J., Mele, E. “Coupling of quantum valley hall edge states between cvd bilayer graphene layer stacking domain walls,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 202 2020.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Ivan Dmochowski

Thiruraman, J.P., Masih Das, P., Drndić, M. “Stochastic Ionic Transport in Single Atomic Zero-Dimensional Pores,” ACS Nano, 14 (9), pp. 11831-11845, 2020.

Yang, L., Eberwine, J.H., Dmochowski, I.J., “Caspase-activated oligonucleotide probe,” Bioconjugate Chemistry, 31 (9), pp. 2172-2178, 2020.

Masih Das, P., Drndić, M. “In Situ 2D mos2 field-effect transistors with an electron beam gate,” ACS Nano, 14 (6), pp. 7389-7397, 2020.

2020-2021

Publications

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Niedzwiecki, D.J., Chou, Y.C., Xia, Z., Thei, F. and Drndić, M., “Detection of single analyte and environmental samples with silicon nitride nanopores: Antarctic dirt particulates and DNA in artificial seawater,” Review of Scientific Instruments, 91 (3), pp. 031301, 2020.

Bilchak, C., Contreas, G., Govind, S., Maguire, S., Composto, R., Fakhraai, Z. “Probing blockcopolymer self-assembly kinetics with in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, APS March Meeting, 65, 2020.

David Goldsby

Zahra Fakhraai

Wang, H., Qiang, Y., Hor, J.L., Shamsabadi, A., Mazumder, P., Lee, D., Fakhraai, Z., “Polymers under extreme nanoconfinement,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

Fan, S., Hager, T.F., Prior, D.J., Cross, A.J., Goldsby, D.L., Qi, C., Negrini, M. Wheeler, J. “Temperature and strain controls on ice deformation mechanisms: insights from the microstructures of samples deformed to progressively higher strains at− 10,− 20 and− 30° C,” The Cryosphere, 14 (11), pp. 3875-3905, 2020.

Liang Feng

Tian, K., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Gosvami, N.N., Goldsby, D.L., Szlufarska, I., Carpick, R.W. “Linear Aging Behavior at Short Timescales in Nanoscale Contacts,” Physical review letters, 124 (2), pp. 026801, 2020.

Bilchak, C., Govind, S., Contreas, G., Rasin, B., Maguire, S., Composto, R., Fakhraai, Z. “Kinetic monitoring of block copolymer self-assembly using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry,” ACS Macro Letters, 9 (8), pp. 1095-1101, 2020. Song, B., Liu, F., Wang, H., Miao, J., Chen, Y., Kumar, P., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Gu, H., Stach, E.A., Liang, X., Liu, S., Fakhraai, Z., Jariwala, D. “Giant gate-tunability of complex refractive index in semiconducting carbon nanotubes,” ACS Photonics, 7 (10), pp. 2896-2905, 2020. Song, B., Hou, J., Wang, H., Sidhik, S., Miao, J., Gu, H., Zhang, H., Liu, S., Fakhraai, Z., Even, J., Blancon, J.C., Mohite, A.D., Jariwala, D. “Determination of dielectric functions and exciton oscillator strength of two-dimensional hybrid perovskites,” ACS Materials Letters, 3, pp.148-159, 2020. Conferences Bilchak, C., Maguire, S., Tsaggaris, T., Welborn, S., Corsi, J., Detsi, E., Ford, J., Pressly, J., Fakhraai, Z., Composto, R. “Polymer infiltrated nanoporous metals to create bicontinuous composite materials,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Wolf, S., Fulco, S., Zhang, A., Jin, Y., Govind, S., Zhao, H., Walsh, P., Turner, K., Fakhraai, Z. “High-throughput study of mechanical properties of organic stable glasses by nanoindentation,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Zhang, A., Rodriguez, D., Stephens, R., Fakhraai, Z. “Light-facilitated dewetting in amorphous selenium thin films,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

Wang, Y., Dang, A., Zhang, Z., Yin, R., Gao, Y., Feng, L., Yang, S. “Repeatable and reprogrammable shape morphing from photoresponsive gold nanorod/liquid crystal elastomers,” Advanced Materials, 32(46), pp. 2004270, 2020. Zhang, Z., Qiao, X., Midya, B., Liu, K., Sun, J., Wu, T., Liu, W., Agarwal, R., Jornet, J. M., Longhi, S., Litchinitser, N.M., Feng, L. “Tunable topological charge vortex microlaser,” Science, pp. 760763, 2020. Ji, Z., Liu, W., Krylyuk, S., Fan, X., Zhang, Z., Pan, A., Feng, L., Davydov, A., Agarwal, R. “Photocurrent detection of the orbital angular momentum of light,” Science, 368 (6492), pp. 763-767, 2020. Zhang, Z., Zhao, H., Pires, D.G., Qiao, X., Gao, Z., Jornet, J.M., Longhi, S., Litchinitser, N.M., Feng, L. “Ultrafast control of fractional orbital angular momentum of microlaser emissions,” Light: Science & Applications, 9 (1), pp. 1-9, 2020.

Reto Giere Vigliaturo, R., Marengo, A., Bittarello, E., PérezRodríguez, I., Dražić, G., Gieré, R. “Micro-and nano-scale mineralogical characterization of Fe (II)-oxidizing bacterial stalks,” Geobiology, 18 (5), pp. 606-618, 2020. O’Shea, M.J., Vann, D.R., Hwang, W.T. and Gieré, R. “A mineralogical and chemical investigation of road dust in Philadelphia, PA, USA." Environmental Science and Pollution Research, pp. 1-20, 2020. Vigliaturo, R., Choi, J.K., Pérez-Rodríguez, I. and Gieré, R. “Dimensional distribution control of elongate mineral particles for their use in biological assays,” MethodsX, 7, pp. 100937, 2020.

Cross, A.J., Goldsby, D.L., Hager, T.F., Smith, I.B. “The rheological behavior of CO2 ice: application to glacial flow on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters,” 47 (22), pp. e2020GL090431, 2020.

Conferences Thom, C., Goldsby, D., Kumamoto, K., Hansen, L. “When minerals fight back: The relationship between back stress and geometrically necessary dislocation density,” EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, pp. 2773, 2020. Hager, T.F., Qi, C., Fan, S., Prior, D.J., Thomas, R., Cross, A.J., Goldsby, D.L. “Grain-size-sensitive creep of ice in the’dislocation creep’regime,” AGU Fall Meeting, 2020. Fan, S., Prior, D.J., Hager, T.F., Cross, A.J., Goldsby, D.L. “The control of crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) development and grain size reduction on ice mechanical weakening (enhancement),” AGU Fall Meeting 2020.

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

David Goldsby

Zahra Fakhraai

Liang Feng

Cross, A.J., Goldsby, D.L., Hager, T.F., Smith, I.B. “The rheological behavior of CO2 ice: application to glacial flow on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters,” 47 (22), pp. e2020GL090431, 2020.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Raymond Gorte

Daniel Hammer

Joo, S., Seong, A., Kwon, O., Kim, K., Lee, J.H., Gorte, R.J., Vohs, J.M., Han, J.W., Kim, G. “Highly active dry methane reforming catalysts with boosted in situ grown Ni-Fe nanoparticles on perovskite via atomic layer deposition,” Science Advances, 6 (35), pp. eabb1573, 2020.

Roy, N.H., Kim, S.H.J., Buffone, A., Blumenthal, D., Huang, B., Agarwal, S., Schwartzberg, P.L., Hammer, D.A., Burkhardt, J.K. “LFA-1 signals to promote actin polymerization and upstream migration in T cells,” Journal of Cell Science, 133 (17), 2020.

Mao, X., Foucher, A.C., Montini, T., Stach, E.A., Fornasiero, P., Gorte, R.J. “Epitaxial and strong support interactions between Pt and LaFeO3 films stabilize Pt dispersion,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142 (23), pp. 10373-10382, 2020.

Chattaraj, R., Hwang, M., Zemerov, S.D., Dmochowski, I.J., Hammer, D.A., Lee, D., Sehgal, C.M. “Ultrasound responsive noble gas microbubbles for applications in imageguided gas delivery,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, 9, (9), pp. 1901721, 2020.

Conferences

Lin, C., Foucher, A.C., Ji, Y., Stach, E.A., Gorte, R.J. “Investigation of Rh–titanate (ATiO 3) interactions on high-surface-area perovskite thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 8 (33), pp. 16973-16984, 2020.

Chattaraj, R., Sehgal, C., Hammer, D.A., Lee, D. “Stabilization of therapeutic and water-soluble gas microbubbles by phospholipids and recombinant proteins for ultrasound mediated theranostic applications,” Virtual AIChE Annual Meeting, 2020.

Mao, X., Foucher, A.C., Stach, E.A., Gorte, R.J. “Changes in Ni-NiO equilibrium due to LaFeO3 and the effect on dry reforming of CH4,” Journal of Catalysis, 381, pp. 561-569, 2020. Lee, J.D., Wang, C., Jin, T., Gorte, R.J., Murray, C.B. “Engineering the composition of bimetallic nanocrystals to improve hydrodeoxygenation selectivity for 2-acetylfuran,” Applied Catalysis A: General, 606, pp. 117808, 2020. Cao, T., Kwon, O., Gorte, R.J., Vohs, J.M. “Metal exsolution to enhance the catalytic activity of electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells,” Nanomaterials, 10 (12), pp. 2445, 2020. Lin, C., Foucher, A.C., Stach, E.A., Gorte, R.J. “A thermodynamic investigation of Ni on thin-film titanates (ATiO3),” inorganics, 8 (12), pp. 69, 2020. Cao, T., Huang, R., Gorte, R.J., Vohs, J.M. ”Endothermic reactions of 1-propanamine on a zirconia catalyst,” Applied Catalysis A: General, 590, pp. 117372, 2020.

Chattaraj, R., Hwang, M., Hammer, D.A., Sehgal, C., Lee, D. “Xenon and argon microbubbles for ultrasound-guided therapeutic gas delivery,” Virtual AIChE Annual Meeting, 2020.

David Issadore Muraoka, S., Jedrychowski, M.P., Yang, Z., Tatebe, H., DeLeo, A.M., Yukawa, K., Ko, J., Wang, K., Ikezu, S., Gygi, S., Issadore, D. “Evaluation of extracellular vesicles isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from former National Football League players at risk for chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Biomarkers (non-neuroimaging)/plasma/serum/urine biomarkers,” Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 16, pp. e042233, 2020. Lan, Y., Wu, J., Han, S.H., Yadavali, S., Issadore, D., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Scalable synthesis of janus particles with high naturality,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8 (48), pp. 1768017686, 2020. Ko, J., Hemphill, M., Yang, Z., Beard, K., Sewell, E., Shallcross, J., Schweizer, M., Sandsmark, D.K., Diaz-Arrastia, R., Kim, J., Meaney, D. “Multi-dimensional mapping of brain-derived extracellular vesicle MicroRNA biomarker for traumatic brain injury diagnostics,” Journal of Neurotrauma, 37 (22), pp. 2424-2434, 2020.

Shen, H., Liu, T., Cui, J., Borole, P., Benjamin, A., Kording, K., Issadore, D. “A web-based automated machine learning platform to analyze liquid biopsy data,” Lab on a Chip, 20 (12), pp. 2166-2174, 2020.

Deep Jariwala Song, B., Liu, F., Wang, H., Miao, J., Chen, Y., Kumar, P., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Gu, H., Stach, E.A., Liang, X., Liu, S., Fakhraai, Z., Jariwala, D. “Giant gate-tunability of complex refractive index in semiconducting carbon nanotubes,” ACS Photonics, 7 (10), pp. 2896-2905, 2020. Song, B., Hou, J., Wang, H., Sidhik, S., Miao, J., Gu, H., Zhang, H., Liu, S., Fakhraai, Z., Even, J., Blancon, J.C., Mohite, A.D., Jariwala, D. “Determination of dielectric functions and exciton oscillator strength of two-dimensional hybrid perovskites,” ACS Materials Letters, 3, pp. 148-159, 2020. Moore, D., Jo, K., Nguyen, C., Lou, J., Muratore, C., Jariwala, D., Glavin, N.R. “Uncovering topographically hidden features in 2D MoSe 2 with correlated potential and optical nanoprobes,” npj 2D Materials and Applications, 4 (1), pp. 1-7, 2020. Song, B., Liu, F., Wang, H., Miao, J., Chen, Y., Kumar, P., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Gu, H., Stach, E.A., Liang, X. “Giant gate-tunability of complex refractive index in semiconducting carbon nanotubes,” ACS Photonics, 7 (10), pp. 28962905, 2020. Kumar, P., Horwath, J., Foucher, A., Price, C., Acero, N., Shenoy, V., Jariwala, D., Stach, E., Alsem, D.H. “Non-equilibrium structural phase transformations in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides,” Microscopy and Microanalysis, 26 (S2), pp. 632-633, 2020. Han, M.G., Garlow, J., Zhu, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, Y., DiMarzio, D., Petrovic, C., Jariwala, D. “Homochiral skyrmionic bubbles in exfoliated 2D Van Der Waals Cr2Ge2Te6,” Microscopy and Microanalysis, 26 (S2), pp. 2138-2140, 2020.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Raymond Gorte

Daniel Hammer

Conferences

Chattaraj, R., Hwang, M., Hammer, D.A., Sehgal, C., Lee, D. “Xenon and argon microbubbles for ultrasound-guided therapeutic gas delivery,” Virtual AIChE Annual Meeting, 2020.

2020-2021

Publications

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Karki, K., Kumar, P., Verret, A., Glachman, N., Alsem, D.H., Jariwala, D., Salmon, N., Stach, E. “In situ/operando Study of Photoelectrochemistry Using Optical Liquid Cell Microscopy,” Microscopy and Microanalysis, 26 (S2), pp. 2446-2447, 2020. Zhang, H., Abhiraman, B., Zhang, Q., Miao, J., Jo, K., Roccasecca, S., Knight, M.W., Davoyan, A.R., Jariwala, D. “Hybrid exciton-plasmonpolaritons in van der Waals semiconductor gratings,” Nature Communications, 11 (1), pp. 1-9, 2020. Darlington, T.P., Krayev, A., Venkatesh, V., Saxena, R., Kysar, J.W., Borys, N.J., Jariwala, D. Schuck, P.J. “Facile and quantitative estimation of strain in nanobubbles with arbitrary symmetry in 2D semiconductors verified using hyperspectral nano-optical imaging,” The Journal of Chemical Physics, 153 (2), pp. 024702, 2020. Kumar, P., Horwath, J.P., Foucher, A.C., Price, C.C., Acero, N., Shenoy, V.B., Stach, E.A., Jariwala, D. “Direct visualization of out-of-equilibrium structural transformations in atomically thin chalcogenides,” NPJ 2D Materials and Applications, 4 (1), pp. 1-10, 2020. Miao, J., Liu, X., Jo, K., He, K., Saxena, R., Song, B., Zhang, H., He, J., Han, M.G., Hu, W., Jariwala, D. “Gate-tunable semiconductor heterojunctions from 2D/3D van der Waals interfaces,” Nano Letters, 20 (4), pp. 2907-2915, 2020. Chowdhury, T., Kim, J., Sadler, E.C., Li, C., Lee, S.W., Jo, K., Xu, W., Gracias, D.H., Drichko, N.V., Jariwala, D., Brintlinger, T.H. “Substrate-directed synthesis of MoS 2 nanocrystals with tunable dimensionality and optical properties,” Nature Nanotechnology, 15 (1), pp. 29-34, 2020. Conferences Wang, D., Zheng, J., Tang, Z., D’Agati, M., Gharavi, P., Liu, X., Jariwala, D., Stach, E., Olsson, R., Roebisch, V., Kratzer, M., Heinz, B., Han, M. and Kisslinger, K. “Ferroelectric C-axis textured aluminum scandium nitride thin films of 100 nm thickness,” 2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF), 2020. Abhiraman, B., Zhang, H., Zhang, Q., Miao, J., Jo, K., Roccasecca, S., Knight, M., Davoyan, A., Jariwala, D. “Strong-coupling of hybrid quasiparticles in excitonic-dielectric gratings,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

A.T. Charlie Johnson

Cherie Kagan

Vazirisereshk, M.R., Hasz, K., Zhao, M.Q., Johnson, A.C., Carpick, R.W., Martini, A. “Nanoscale friction behavior of transitionmetal dichalcogenides: Role of the chalcogenide.” ACS Nano, 14(11), pp.16013-16021, 2020.

Marino, E., Keller, A.W., An, D., Van Dongen, S., Kodger, T.E., MacArthur, K.E., Heggen, M., Kagan, C.R., Murray, C.B., Schall, P. “Favoring the growth of high-quality, three-dimensional supercrystals of nanocrystals,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 124 (20), pp. 11256-11264, 2020.

Figueroa, K.S., Pinto, N.J., Mandyam, S.V., Zhao, M.Q., Wen, C., Masih Das, P., Gao, Z., Drndić, M., Johnson, A.T. “Controlled doping of graphene by impurity charge compensation via a polarized ferroelectric polymer,” Journal of Applied Physics, 127 (12), pp. 125503, 2020.

Straus, D.B., Hurtado Parra, S., Iotov, N., Zhao, Q., Gau, M.R., Carroll, P.J., Kikkawa, J.M., Kagan, C.R. “Tailoring hot exciton dynamics in 2D hybrid perovskites through cation modification,” ACS Nano, 14 (3), pp. 3621-3629, 2020.

Wen, C., Selling, B., Yeliseev, A., Xi, J., PerezAguilar, J.M., Gao, Z., Saven, J.G., Johnson, A.C., Liu, R. “The C-terminus of the mu opioid receptor is critical in G-protein interaction as demonstrated by a novel graphene biosensor,” IEEE Sensors Journal, 2020. Gao, Z., Ducos, P., Ye, H., Zauberman, J., Sriram, A., Yang, X., Wang, Z., Mitchell, M.W., Lekkas, D., Brisson, D., Johnson, A.C. “Graphene transistor arrays functionalized with genetically engineered antibody fragments for lyme disease diagnosis,” 2D Materials, 7 (2), pp. 024001, 2020. Lin, G., Zhao, M.Q., Jia, M., Cui, P., Zhao, H., Zhang, J., Gundlach, L., Liu, X., Johnson, A.C., Zeng, Y. “Improving the electrical performance of monolayer top-gated MoS2 transistors by post bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonamide treatment,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 53 (41), pp. 415106. Xi, J., Xiao, J., Perez-Aguilar, J.M., Ping, J., Johnson Jr, A.C., Saven, J.G., Liu, R. “Characterization of an engineered water-soluble variant of the fulllength human mu opioid receptor,” Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 38 (14), pp. 4364-4370. Vishnubhotla, R., Sriram, A., Dickens, O.O., Mandyam, S.V., Ping, J., Adu-Beng, E., Johnson, A.C. “Attomolar detection of ssDNA without amplification and capture of long target sequences with graphene biosensors,” IEEE Sensors Journal, 20 (11), pp. 5720-5724, 2020..

Kagan, C.R., Bassett, L.C., Murray, C.B., Thompson, S.M. “Colloidal quantum dots as platforms for quantum information science,” Chemical Reviews, 2020. Conferences Kagan, C., Straus, D., Hurtado Parra, S., Zhao, Q., Kikkawa, J. “Correlating structure and function in two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Keller, A., Kagan, C., Murray, C., An, D., “Sub5 nm patterning via self-assembly and template-assisted assembly of colloidal nanocrystals,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

Jay Kikkawa Zhang, Q., Wang, S., Gao, Z., Hurtado Parra, S., Das, P., Berry, J., Addison, Z., Parkin, W., Drndić, M., Kikkawa, J., Mele, E. “Coupling of quantum valley hall edge states between cvd bilayer graphene layer stacking domain walls,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Khadka, D., Thapaliya, T.R., Parra, S.H., Han, X., Wen, J., Need, R.F., Khanal, P., Wang, W., Zang, J., Kikkawa, J.M., Wu, L. “Kondo physics in antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3+ xSn1− x films,” Science advances, 6 (35), pp. eabc1977, 2020. Xu, Y., Ge, D., Calderon-Ortiz, G.A., Exarhos, A.L., Bretz, C., Alsayed, A., Kurz, D., Kikkawa, J.M., Dreyfus, R., Yang, S., Yodh, A.G. “Highly conductive and transparent coatings from flowaligned silver nanowires with large electrical and optical anisotropy,” Nanoscale, 12 (11), pp. 6438-6448, 2020.

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

A.T. Charlie Johnson

Cherie Kagan

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Du, K., Zemerov, S.D., Hurtado Parra, S., Kikkawa, J.M., Dmochowski, I.J. “Paramagnetic organocobalt capsule revealing xenon host– guest chemistry,” Inorganic Chemistry, 59 (19), pp. 13831-13844, 2020. Kagan, C., Straus, D., Hurtado Parra, S., Zhao, Q., Kikkawa, J. “Correlating structure and function in two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Straus, D.B., Hurtado Parra, S., Iotov, N., Zhao, Q., Gau, M.R., Carroll, P.J., Kikkawa, J.M., Kagan, C.R. “Tailoring hot exciton dynamics in 2D hybrid perovskites through cation modification,” ACS Nano, 14 (3), pp. 3621-3629, 2020.

Daeyeon Lee Parrish, E., Rose, K.A., Cargnello, M., Murray, C.B., Lee, D., Composto, R.J. “Nanoparticle diffusion during gelation of tetra poly (ethylene glycol) provides insight into nanoscale structural evolution,” Soft Matter, 16 (9), pp. 2256-2265, 2020.

Rosenfeld, J., Duan, G., Lee, D. “Controlling the emulsion type using adjustable polyelectrolyte– surfactant complexes,” Langmuir, 36 (29), pp. 8617-8625, 2020. Chattaraj, R., Hwang, M., Zemerov, S.D., Dmochowski, I.J., Hammer, D.A., Lee, D., Sehgal, C.M. “Ultrasound responsive noble gas microbubbles for applications in imageguided gas delivery,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, 9, (9), pp. 1901721, 2020. Wang, T., Di Vitantonio, G., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Scalable manufacturing of hierarchical biphasic bicontinuous structures via vaporization-induced phase separation (VIPS),” ACS Materials Letters, 2 (5), pp. 524530, 2020. Manohar, N., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Effect of confinement on solvent-driven infiltration of the polymer into nanoparticle packings,” Macromolecules, 53 (15), pp. 67406746, 2020.

Parrish, E., Rose, K.A., Cargnello, M., Murray, C.B., Lee, D., Composto, R.J. “Nanoparticle diffusion during gelation of tetra poly (ethylene glycol) provides insight into nanoscale structural evolution,” Soft matter, 16 (9), pp. 22562265, 2020. Venkatesh, R.B., Zhang, T., Manohar, N., Stebe, K.J., Riggleman, R.A., Lee, D. “Effect of polymer–nanoparticle interactions on solvent-driven infiltration of polymer (SIP) into nanoparticle packings: a molecular dynamics study,” Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, 5 (3), pp. 666-674, 2020. Conferences Chattaraj, R., Hwang, M., Hammer, D.A., Sehgal, C., Lee, D. “Xenon and argon microbubbles for ultrasound-guided therapeutic gas delivery,” 2020 Virtual AIChE Annual Meeting, AIChE, 2020.

Haase, M.F., Boakye-Ansah, S., Di Vitantonio, G., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Bijels formed by solvent transfer-induced phase separation” In Bijels, pp. 137-166, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020.

O’Bryan, C., Zavgorodnya, O., Composto, R., Lee, D. “Influence of polymer structure on adsorption onto metal surfaces,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

O’Bryan, C., Zavgorodnya, O., Composto, R., Lee, D. “Influence of polymer structure on adsorption onto metal surfaces,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, APS March Meeting, 2020.

Han, S.H., Kim, J. Lee, D. “Static array of droplets and on-demand recovery for biological assays,” Biomicrofluidics, 14 (5), pp. 051302.

Jo, Y.K., Lee, D. “Biopolymer microparticles prepared by microfluidics for biomedical applications,” Small, 16 (9), pp. 1903736, 2020.

Strickland, D.J., Melchert, D.S., Hor, J.L., Ortiz, C.P., Lee, D., Gianola, D.S. “Microscopic origin of shear banding as a localized driven glass transition in compressed colloidal pillars,” Physical Review E, 102 (3), pp. 032605, 2020.

Zhang, X.A., Jiang, Y., Venkatesh, R.B., Raney, J.R., Stebe, K.J., Yang, S., Lee, D. “Scalable manufacturing of bending-induced surface wrinkles,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12 (6), pp. 7658-7664.

Rose, K., Lee, D., Composto, R. “pH modulated nanoparticle diffusion in silica-polyacrylamide hydrogels,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

Lan, Y., Wu, J., Han, S.H., Yadavali, S., Issadore, D., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Scalable synthesis of janus particles with high naturality,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8 (48), pp. 1768017686, 2020.

Murdoch, T.J., Pashkovski, E., Patterson, R., Carpick, R.W., Lee, D. “Sticky but slick: reducing friction using associative and nonassociative polymer lubricant additives,” ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2 (9), pp. 4062-407, 2020. Rose, K.A., Molaei, M., Boyle, M., Lee, D., Crocker, J., Composto, R. “Particle tracking of nanoparticles in soft matter,” Journal of Applied Physics, 127 (19), pp. 191101, 2020.

Han, S.H., Choi, Y., Kim, J., Lee, D. “Photoactivated selective release of droplets from microwell arrays,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12 (3), pp. 3936-3944, 2020. Di Vitantonio, G., Lee, D., Stebe, K.J. “Fabrication of solvent transfer-induced phase separation bijels with mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanoparticles,” Soft Matter, 16 (25), pp. 5848-5853, 2020.

Wang, H., Qiang, Y., Hor, J.L., Shamsabadi, A., Mazumder, P., Lee, D., Fakhraai, Z. “Polymers under extreme nanoconfinement,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Haase, M.F., Boakye-Ansah, S., Di Vitantonio, G., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Bijels formed by solvent transfer-induced phase separation” In Bijels, pp. 137-166, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020.

O’Bryan, C., Zavgorodnya, O., Composto, R., Lee, D. “Influence of polymer structure on adsorption onto metal surfaces,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

O’Bryan, C., Zavgorodnya, O., Composto, R., Lee, D. “Influence of polymer structure on adsorption onto metal surfaces,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, APS March Meeting, 2020.

Han, S.H., Kim, J. Lee, D. “Static array of droplets and on-demand recovery for biological assays,” Biomicrofluidics, 14 (5), pp. 051302.

Jo, Y.K., Lee, D. “Biopolymer microparticles prepared by microfluidics for biomedical applications,” Small, 16 (9), pp. 1903736, 2020.

Rose, K., Lee, D., Composto, R. “pH modulated nanoparticle diffusion in silica-polyacrylamide hydrogels,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

2020-2021

Publications

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Mehran Makvandi Dabagian, H., Mansfield, A., Martorano, P., Tahgvaee, T., Chai, R., Yoon, N., Watkins, C., Mach, R., Pryma, D., MaKvandi, M. “Exploring alphaparticle therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade in an immunocompetent model of glioblastoma,” Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2020, 61 (supplement 1) 1208, 2020. Martorano, P. Tahereh, T., Schaub, D., Toto, L., Lee, H., MaKvandi, M., Mach, R. “Dry distillation of astatine-211 by electromagnetic induction,” Journal of Nuclear Medicine, May 2020, 61 (supplement 1) 518, 2020.

Thomas Mallouk Chen, W., Talreja, D., Goodling, D., Mahale, P., Nova, N., Cheng, H., Russell, J., Yu, S.Y., Poilvert, N., Mahan, G., Mohney, S., Crespi, V., Mallouk, T.E., Badding, J., Foley, B., Gopalan, V., Dabo, I. “minimizing heat transport by ballistic confinement in phononic metalattices,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Knobloch, J., Abad, B., Frazer, T., McBennett, B., Chen, W., Cheng, H., Grede, A., Nova, N., Hernández-Charpak, J., Mahale, P., Talreja, D., Xiong, Y., Mallouk, T.E., Giebink, N., Gopalan, V., Dabo, I., Crespi, V., Badding, J., Kapteyn, H., Murnane, M. “Nondestructive probing of the transport and elastic properties of nanostructured metalattices using coherent EUV beams,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Moradifar, P., Glaid, A.J., Russell, J.L., Mahale, P., Yu, S.Y., Culp, T.E., Kumar, M., Gomez, E.D. and Mohney, S.E., Mallouk, T.E., Alem, N., Badding, J.V., Liu, Y. “Quantum transport in three-dimensional metalattices of platinum featuring an unprecedentedly large surface area to volume ratio,” Physical Review Materials, 4 (3), pp. 035201, 2020. Chen, W., Talreja, D., Eichfeld, D., Mahale, P., Nova, N.N., Cheng, H.Y., Russell, J.L., Yu, S.Y., Poilvert, N., Mahan, G., Mohney, S.E., Crespi, V.H., Mallouk, T.E., Badding, J.V., Foley, B., Goaplan, V., Dabo, I. “Achieving minimal heat conductivity by ballistic confinement in phononic metalattices,” ACS Nano, 14 (4), pp. 4235-4243, 2020.

Abad, B., Knobloch, J.L., Frazer, T.D., HernándezCharpak, J.N., Cheng, H.Y., Grede, A.J., Giebink, N.C., Mallouk, T.E., Mahale, P., Nova, N.N., Tomaschke, A.A., Ferguson, V.L., Crespi, V.H., Gopalan, V., Kapteyn, H.C., Badding, J.V., Murnane, M.M. “Nondestructive measurements of the mechanical and structural properties of nanostructured metalattices,” Nano Letters, 20 (5), pp. 3306-3312, 2020. McNeill, J.M., Nama, N., Braxton, J.M., Mallouk, T.E., “Wafer-scale fabrication of micro-to nanoscale bubble swimmers and their fast autonomous propulsion by ultrasound,” ACS Nano, 14 (6), pp. 7520-7528 Yan, Z., Hitt, J.L., Turner, J.A., Mallouk, T.E. “Renewable electricity storage using electrolysis,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (23), pp. 1255812563, 2020. Xiao, L., Yu, Y., Schultz, E.L., Stach, E.A., Mallouk, T.E. “Electron transport in dye-sensitized TiO2 nanowire arrays in contact with aqueous electrolytes,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 124 (40), pp. 22003-22010, 2020. Mahale, P., Moradifar, P., Cheng, H.Y., Nova, N.N., Grede, A.J., Lee, B., De Jesús, L.R., Wetherington, M., Giebink, N.C., Badding, J.V., Alem, N., Mallouk, T.E. “Oxide-free three-dimensional germanium/ silicon core–shell metalattice made by highpressure confined chemical vapor deposition,” ACS Nano, 14 (10), pp. 12810-12818, 2020.

Robert Mauck Song, K.H., Heo, S.J., Peredo, A.P., Davidson, M.D., Mauck, R.L., Burdick, J.A. “Influence of fiber stiffness on meniscal cell migration into dense fibrous networks,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, 9 (8), pp. 1901228, 2020. Bansal, S., Miller, L.M., Patel, J.M., Meadows, K.D., Eby, M.R., Saleh, K.S., Martin, A.R., Stoeckl, B.D., Hast, M.W., Elliott, D.M., Zgonis, M.H. “Transection of the medial meniscus anterior horn results in cartilage degeneration and meniscus remodeling in a large animal model,” Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 38 (12), pp. 2696-2708, 2020.

Chery, D.R., Han, B., Zhou, Y., Wang, C., Adams, S.M., Chandrasekaran, P., Kwok, B., Heo, S.J., Enomoto-Iwamoto, M., Lu, X.L., Kong, D. “Decorin regulates cartilage pericellular matrix micromechanobiology,” Matrix Biology, Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology, pp. S0945-053X., 2020. Taylor, B.L., Kim, D.H., Huegel, J., Raja, H.A., Burkholder, S.J., Weiss, S.N., Nuss, C.A., Soslowsky, L.J., Mauck, R.L., Kuntz, A.F., Bernstein, J. “Localized delivery of ibuprofen via a bilayer delivery system (BiLDS) for supraspinatus tendon healing in a rat model,” Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 38 (11), pp. 2339-2349, 2020. Patel, J.M., Sennett, M.L., Martin, A.R., Saleh, K.S., Eby, M.R., Ashley, B.S., Miller, L.M., Dodge, G.R., Burdick, J.A., Carey, J.L., Mauck, R.L. “Resorbable pins to enhance scaffold retention in a porcine chondral defect model cartilage,” pp. 1947603520962568, 2020. Kim, D.H., Martin, J.T., Gullbrand, S.E., Elliott, D.M., Smith, L.J., Smith, H.E., Mauck, R.L. “Fabrication, maturation, and implantation of composite tissue-engineered total discs formed from native and mesenchymal stem cell combinations,” Acta Biomaterialia, 114, pp. 53-62, 2020. Ashinsky B.G., Bonnevie, E.D., Mandalapu, S.A., Pickup, S., Wang, C., Han, L., Mauck, R.L., Smith, H.E., Gullbrand, S.E. “Intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with aberrant endplate remodeling and reduced small molecule transport,” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 35 (8), pp. 1572-1581, 2020. Ashinsky, B.G., Gullbrand, S.E., Bonnevie, E.D., Wang, C., Kim, D.H., Han, L., Mauck, R.L., Smith, H.E. “Sacrificial fibers improve matrix distribution and micromechanical properties in a tissue-engineered intervertebral disc,” Acta Biomaterialia, 111, pp. 232-241, 2020. Chery, D.R., Han, B., Li, Q., Zhou, Y., Heo, S.J., Kwok, B., Chandrasekaran, P., Wang, C., Qin, L., Lu, X.L., Kong, D., Iwamoto, M.E., Mauck, R.L., Han, L. “Early changes in cartilage pericellular matrix micromechanobiology portend the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis,” Acta Biomaterialia, 111, pp. 267-278, 2020. Kim, D.H., Huegel, J., Taylor, B.L., Nuss, C.A., Weiss, S.N., Soslowsky, L.J., Mauck, R.L., Kuntz, A.F. “Biocompatibility and bioactivity of an FGF-loaded microsphere-based bilayer delivery system,” Acta Biomaterialia, 111, pp. 341348, 2020.

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Gullbrand, S.E., Kim, D.H., Ashinsky, B.G., Bonnevie, E.D., Smith, H.E., Mauck, R.L. “Restoration of physiologic loading modulates engineered intervertebral disc structure and function in an in vivo model,” JOR Spine, 3 (2), e1086, 2020.

Elbert, K.C., Taheri, M.M., Gogotsi, N., Park, J., Baxter, J.B., Murray, C.B. “Electron accepting naphthalene bisimide ligand architectures for modulation of π–π stacking in nanocrystal hybrid materials,” Nanoscale Horizons, 5 (11), pp. 1509-1514, 2020.

Dai, E.N., Heo, S.J., Mauck, R.L., “Looping In,” Mechanics: Mechanobiologic Regulation of the Nucleus and the Epigenome, Advanced healthcare materials, 9 (8), 2000030, 2020.

Sorsche, D., Miehlich, M.E., Searles, K., Gouget, G., Zolnhofer, E.M., Fortier, S., Chen, C.H., Gau, M., Carroll, P.J., Murray, C.B., Caulton, K.G. “Unusual dinitrogen binding and electron storage in dinuclear iron complexes,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142 (18), pp. 81478159, 2020.

Christopher Murray Taheri, M.M., Elbert, K.C., Yang, S., Diroll, B.T., Park, J., Murray, C.B., Baxter, J.B. “Distinguishing electron and hole dynamics in functionalized CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots using complementary ultrafast spectroscopies and kinetic modeling,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2020.

Banerjee, S., Liu, C.H., Jensen, K.M., Juhás, P., Lee, J.D., Tofanelli, M., Ackerson, C.J., Murray, C.B., Billinge, S.J. “Cluster-mining: an approach for determining core structures of metallic nanoparticles from atomic pair distribution function data,” Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations and Advances, 76 (1), pp. 24-31, 2020.

Lee, J.D., Wang, C., Jin, T., Gorte, R.J., Murray, C.B. “Engineering the composition of bimetallic nanocrystals to improve hydrodeoxygenation selectivity for 2-acetylfuran,” Applied Catalysis A: General, 606, pp. 117808, 2020.

Rasin, B., Lindsay, B.J., Ye, X., Meth, J.S., Murray, C.B., Riggleman, R.A., Composto, R.J. “Nanorod position and orientation in vertical cylinder block copolymer films,” Soft Matter, 16 (12), pp. 3005-3014, 2020.

Marino, E., Sciortino, A., Berkhout, A., MacArthur, K.E., Heggen, M., Gregorkiewicz, T., Kodger, T.E., Capretti, A., Murray, C.B., Koenderink, A.F., Messina, F. “Simultaneous photonic and excitonic coupling in spherical quantum dot supercrystals,” ACS Nano, 14 (10), pp. 1380613815, 2020.

Kagan, C.R., Bassett, L.C., Murray, C.B., Thompson, S.M. “Colloidal quantum dots as platforms for quantum information science,” Chemical Reviews, 2020.

Jiang, W., Qu, Z.B., Kumar, P., Vecchio, D., Wang, Y., Ma, Y., Bahng, J.H., Bernardino, K., Gomes, W.R., Colombari, F.M., Lozada-Blanco, A., Veksler, M., Marino, E., Simon, A., Murray, C.B., Muniz, S.R., de Moura, A.F., Kotov, N.A. “Emergence of complexity in hierarchically organized chiral particles,” Science, 368 (6491), pp. 642648, 2020. Marino, E., Keller, A.W., An, D., Van Dongen, S., Kodger, T.E., MacArthur, K.E., Heggen, M., Kagan, C.R., Murray, C.B., Schall, P. “Favoring the growth of high-quality, three-dimensional supercrystals of nanocrystals,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 124 (20), pp. 11256-11264, 2020.

Conferences Vo, T., Elbert, K., Krook, N., Zygmunt, W., Park, J., Yager, K., Composto, R., Glotzer, S., Murray, C. “Predictive Modeling of Dendrimer Directed Nanoparticle Self-Assembly,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020., APS Meeting, March 2020. Keller, A., Kagan, C., Murray, C., An, D., “Sub5 nm patterning via self-assembly and template-assisted assembly of colloidal nanocrystals,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Parrish, E., Rose, K.A., Cargnello, M., Murray, C.B., Lee, D., Composto, R.J. Nanoparticle diffusion during gelation of tetra poly (ethylene glycol) provides insight into nanoscale structural evolution. Soft Matter, 16 (9), pp. 2256-2265. Gouget, G., Pellerin, M., Pautrot-D’Alençon, L., Le Mercier, T. and Murray, C.B. “Efficient photoluminescence of isotropic rare-earth oxychloride nanocrystals from a solvothermal route,” Chemical Communications, 56 (23), pp. 3429-3432.

Vladimir Muzykantov Kiseleva, R.Y., Glassman, P.G., LeForte, K.M., Walsh, L.R., Villa, C.H., Shuvaev, V.V., Myerson, J.W., Aprelev, P.A., Marcos-Contreras, O.A., Muzykantov, V.R., Greineder, C.F. “Bivalent engagement of endothelial surface antigens is critical to prolonged surface targeting and protein delivery in vivo,” The FASEB Journal, 34 (9), pp. 11577-11593, 2020.

Troy Olsson Wang, D., Zheng, J., Musavigharavi, P., Zhu, W., Foucher, A., Trolier-McKinstry, S., Stach, E., Olsson, R. “Ferroelectric switching in sub-20 nm aluminum scandium nitride thin films,” IEEE Electron Device Letters, 41 (12), pp. 17741777, 2020.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Dai, E.N., Heo, S.J., Mauck, R.L., “Looping In,” Mechanics: Mechanobiologic Regulation of the Nucleus and the Epigenome, Advanced healthcare materials, 9 (8), 2000030, 2020.

Kagan, C.R., Bassett, L.C., Murray, C.B., Thompson, S.M. “Colloidal quantum dots as platforms for quantum information science,” Chemical Reviews, 2020.

2020-2021

Publications

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Conferences

James Pikul

Conferences

James Pikul

Moe, C., Olsson, R., Patel, P., Tang, Z., D’Agati, M., Winters, M., Vetury, R., Shealy, J. “Highly doped AlScN 3.5 GHz XBAW resonators with 16% k2eff for 5G RF filter applications,” 2020 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2020.

Yue, X., Grzyb, J., Padmanabha, A., Pikul, J.H. “A minimal volume hermetic packaging design for high-energy-density micro-energy systems,” Energies, 13 (10), pp. 2492, 2020.

Wang, D., Zheng, J., Tang, Z., D’Agati, M., Gharavi, P., Liu, X., Jariwala, D., Stach, E., Olsson, R., Roebisch, V., Kratzer, M., Heinz, B., Han, M. and Kisslinger, K. “Ferroelectric C-axis textured aluminum scandium nitride thin films of 100 nm thickness,” 2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF), 2020. Tang, Z., D’Agati, M., Olsson, T. “High coupling coefficient resonance mode in Al0.68Sc0.32N surface acoustic wave resonator with AlN buffer layer on a silicon substrate,” 2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF), 2020. Olsson, R., Tang, Z., D’Agati, M. “Doping of aluminum nitride and the impact on thin film piezoelectric and ferroelectric device performance,” 2020 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), 2020.

Chinedum Osuji Lu, X., Gabinet, U.R., Ritt, C.L., Feng, X., Deshmukh, A., Kawabata, K., Kaneda, M., Hashmi, S.M., Osuji, C.O., Elimelech, M. “Relating selectivity and separation performance of lamellar two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) membranes to nanosheet stacking behavior,” Journal of Science & Technology, V 54, (15), pp. 9640-9651. Liu, J., Gao, Y., Wang, H., Poling-Skutvik, R., Osuji, C.O., Yang, S. “Shaping and locomotion of soft robots using filament actuators made from liquid crystal elastomer–carbon nanotube composites,” Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2 (6), pp. 1900163, 2020.

Wang, M., Joshi, U., Pikul, J.H. “Powering electronics by scavenging energy from external metals,” ACS Energy Letters, 5 (3), pp. 758765, 2020. Jiang, Z., Hsain, Z., Pikul, J.H. “Thick freestanding metallic inverse opals enabled by new insights into the fracture of drying particle films,” Langmuir, 36 (26), pp. 7315-7324, 2020. Kahnt, M., Sala, S., Johansson, U., Björling, A., Jiang, Z., Kalbfleisch, S., Lenrick, F., Pikul, J.H., Thånell, K. “First ptychographic X-ray computed tomography experiment on the NanoMAX beamline,” Journal of Applied Crystallography, 53 (6), 2020. Synodis, M., Pikul, J., Allen, S.A.B., Allen, M.G. “Vertically integrated high voltage Zn-Air batteries enabled by stacked multilayer electrodeposition,” Journal of Power Sources, 449, pp. 227566, 2020.

Jordan Raney Zhang, X.A., Jiang, Y., Venkatesh, R.B., Raney, J.R., Stebe, K.J., Yang, S., Lee, D. “Scalable manufacturing of bending-induced surface wrinkles,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12 (6), pp. 7658-7664, 2020. Mo, C., Jiang, Y., Raney, J.R. “Microstructural evolution and failure in short fiber soft composites: Experiments and modeling,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, pp. 103973, 2020. Eric Stach Modi, G., Stach, E.A., Agarwal, R. “Low-power switching through disorder and carrier localization in bismuth-doped germanium telluride phase change memory nanowires,” ACS Nano, 14, 2, 2162–2171, 2020.

Song, B., Liu, F., Wang, H., Miao, J., Chen, Y., Kumar, P., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Gu, H., Stach, E.A., Liang, X., Liu, S., Fakhraai, Z., Jariwala, D. “Giant gate-tunability of complex refractive index in semiconducting carbon nanotubes,” ACS Photonics, 7 (10), pp. 2896-2905, 2020. Li, M., Qiu, T., Foucher, A.C., Fu, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, D., Rappe, A.M., Stach, E.A., Detsi, E. “Impact of hierarchical nanoporous architectures on sodium storage in antimonybased sodium-ion battery anodes,” ACS Applied Energy Materials, 3 (11), pp. 11231-11241, 2020. Mao, X., Foucher, A.C., Montini, T., Stach, E.A., Fornasiero, P., Gorte, R.J. 2020. “Epitaxial and strong support interactions between Pt and LaFeO3 films stabilize Pt dispersion,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142 (23), pp. 10373-10382, 2020. Lin, C., Foucher, A.C., Ji, Y., Stach, E.A., Gorte, R.J. “Investigation of Rh–titanate (ATiO 3) interactions on high-surface-area perovskite thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 8 (33), pp. 16973-16984, 2020. Mao, X., Foucher, A.C., Stach, E.A., Gorte, R.J. “Changes in Ni-NiO equilibrium due to LaFeO3 and the effect on dry reforming of CH4,” Journal of Catalysis, 381, pp. 561-569, 2020. Lin, C., Foucher, A.C., Stach, E.A., Gorte, R.J. “A thermodynamic investigation of Ni on thin-film titanates (ATiO3),” Inorganics, 8 (12), pp. 69, 2020. Wang, D., Zheng, J., Musavigharavi, P., Zhu, W., Foucher, A., Trolier-McKinstry, S., Stach, E., Olsson, R. “Ferroelectric switching in Sub-20 nm aluminum scandium nitride thin films,” IEEE Electron Device Letters, 41 (12), pp. 1774-1777, 2020. Xiao, L., Yu, Y., Schultz, E.L., Stach, E.A., Mallouk, T.E. “Electron transport in dye-sensitized TiO2 nanowire arrays in contact with aqueous electrolytes,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 124 (40), pp. 22003-22010, 2020.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Wang, D., Zheng, J., Tang, Z., D’Agati, M., Gharavi, P., Liu, X., Jariwala, D., Stach, E., Olsson, R., Roebisch, V., Kratzer, M., Heinz, B., Han, M., Kisslinger, K. “Ferroelectric C-axis textured aluminum scandium nitride thin films of 100 nm thickness,” 2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF), 2020. Zhou, Y., Yu, Y., Ma, D., Foucher, A.C., Xiong, L., Zhang, J., Stach, E.A., Yue, Q., Kang, Y. “Atomic Fe dispersed hierarchical mesoporous Fe–N–C nanostructures for an efficient oxygen reduction reaction,” ACS Catalysis, 11, pp. 74-81, 2020. Dixit, M.B., Singh, N., Horwath, J.P., Shevchenko, P.D., Jones, M., Stach, E.A., Arthur, T.S., Hatzell, K.B. ‘In Situ investigation of chemomechanical effects in thiophosphate solid electrolytes,” Matter, 3 (6), pp. 2138-2159, 2020. Han, M., Maleski, K., Shuck, C.E., Yang, Y., Glazar, J.T., Foucher, A.C., Hantanasirisakul, K., Sarycheva, A., Frey, N.C., May, S.J., Shenoy, V.B., Stach, E., Gogotsi, Y. “Tailoring electronic and optical properties of MXenes through forming solid solutions,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142 (45), pp. 1911019118, 2020. Singh, N., Horwath, J.P., Bonnick, P., Suto, K., Stach, E.A., Matsunaga, T., Muldoon, J., Arthur, T.S. “Role of lithium iodide addition to lithium thiophosphate: Implications beyond conductivity,” Chemistry of Materials, 32 (17), pp. 7150-7158, 2020. Kumar, P., Horwath, J., Foucher, A., Price, C., Acero, N., Shenoy, V., Jariwala, D., Stach, E., Alsem, D.H. “Non-equilibrium structural phase transformations in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides,” Microscopy and Microanalysis, 26 (S2), pp. 632-633, 2020. Karki, K., Kumar, P., Verret, A., Glachman, N., Alsem, D.H., Jariwala, D., Salmon, N., Stach, E. “In situ/operando study of photoelectrochemistry using optical liquid cell microscopy,” Microscopy and Microanalysis, 26 (S2), pp. 2446-2447, 2020.

Singh, N., Horwath, J., Arthur, T., Alsem, D.H., Stach, E. “Using operando electrochemical TEM as part of a correlative approach to characterize failure modes in solid-state energy storage devices,” Microscopy and Microanalysis, 26 (S2), pp. 1460-1461, 2020. Stach, E., Horwath, J., Singh, N., Arthur, T., Alsem, D.H., Salmon, N. “Understanding the relationship between air exposure, electron dose and beam damage in solid electrolyte materials,” Microscopy and Microanalysis, 26 (S2), pp. 3226-3227, 2020. Horwath, J.P., Zakharov, D.N., Megret, R., Stach, E.A. “Understanding important features of deep learning models for segmentation of highresolution transmission electron microscopy images,” npj Computational Materials, 6 (1), pp. 1-9, 2020. Kumar, P., Horwath, J.P., Foucher, A.C., Price, C.C., Acero, N., Shenoy, V.B., Stach, E.A., Jariwala, D. “Direct visualization of out-of-equilibrium structural transformations in atomically thin chalcogenides,” npj 2D Materials and Applications, 4 (1), pp. 1-10, 2020. Bertella, F., Lopes, C.W., Foucher, A.C., Agostini, G., Concepción, P., Stach, E.A., Martínez, A. “Insights into the promotion with Ru of Co/ TiO2 fischer–tropsch catalysts: An In Situ spectroscopic study,” ACS Catalysis, 10 (11), pp. 6042-6057. Luneau, M., Guan, E., Chen, W., Foucher, A.C., Marcella, N., Shirman, T., Verbart, D.M., Aizenberg, J., Aizenberg, M., Stach, E.A., Madix, R.J. “Enhancing catalytic performance of dilute metal alloy nanomaterials,” Communications Chemistry,” 3 (1), pp. 1-9, 2020. Conferences Wang, D., Zheng, J., Tang, Z., D’Agati, M., Gharavi, P., Liu, X., Jariwala, D., Stach, E., Olsson, R., Roebisch, V., Kratzer, M., Heinz, B., Han, M. and Kisslinger, K. “Ferroelectric C-Axis textured aluminum scandium nitride thin films of 100 nm thickness,” 2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF), 2020.

Welborn, S.S., Wang, L., Li, M., Qiu, T., Foucher, A., Stach, E.A., Rappe, A., Detsi, E. “Crystallineto-amorphous phase transformations as a key ingredient to enhanced rate performance and cycle life in Mg-and Na-Ion battery anodes: Operando x-ray scattering studies,” In PRiME 2020 (ECS, ECSJ, & KECS Joint Meeting), ECS, 2020.

Kathleen Stebe Wang, T., Di Vitantonio, G., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Scalable manufacturing of hierarchical biphasic bicontinuous structures via vaporization-induced phase separation (VIPS),” ACS Materials Letters, 2 (5), pp. 524-530, 2020. Manohar, N., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Effect of confinement on solvent-driven infiltration of the polymer into nanoparticle packings,” Macromolecules, 53 (15), pp. 67406746, 2020. Venkatesh, R.B., Zhang, T., Manohar, N., Stebe, K.J., Riggleman, R.A., Lee, D. “Effect of polymer– nanoparticle interactions on solvent-driven infiltration of polymer (SIP) into nanoparticle packings: a molecular dynamics study,” Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, 5 (3), pp. 666674, 2020. Haase, M.F., Boakye-Ansah, S., Di Vitantonio, G., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Bijels formed by solvent transfer-induced phase separation” In Bijels, pp. 137-166, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020. Molaei, M., Chisholm, N., Deng, J., Yao, T., Crocker, J., Stebe, K. “The motion of active colloids and their induced flow field at fluid interfaces,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020. Lan, Y., Wu, J., Han, S.H., Yadavali, S., Issadore, D., Stebe, K.J., Lee, D. “Scalable synthesis of janus particles with high naturality.” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8 (48), pp. 1768017686, 2020. Deng, J., Molaei, M., Chisholm, N.G., Stebe, K.J. “Motile bacteria at oil–water interfaces: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Langmuir,” 36 (25), pp. 6888-6902, 2020.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

2020-2021

Publications

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Yao, T., Chisholm, N.G., Steager, E.B., Stebe, K.J. “Directed assembly and micro-manipulation of passive particles at fluid interfaces via capillarity using a magnetic micro-robot,” Applied Physics Letters, 116 (4), pp. 043702, 2020.

Di Vitantonio, G., Lee, D., Stebe, K.J. “Fabrication of solvent transfer-induced phase separation bijels with mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanoparticles,” Soft Matter, 16 (25), pp. 5848-5853, 2020. Zhang, X.A., Jiang, Y., Venkatesh, R.B., Raney, J.R., Stebe, K.J., Yang, S., Lee, D. “Scalable manufacturing of bending-induced surface wrinkles,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12 (6), pp. 7658-7664, 2020.

Andrew Tsourkas Higbee-Dempsey, E.M., Amirshaghaghi, A., Case, M.J., Bouché, M., Kim, J., Cormode, D.P., Tsourkas, A. “Biodegradable gold nanoclusters with improved excretion due to pH-triggered hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic transition,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142 (17), pp. 7783-7794. 2020.

Kevin Turner Park, S.J., Shin, J., Magagnosc, D.J., Kim, S., Cao, C., Turner, K.T., Purohit, P.K., Gianola, D.S., Hart, A.J., “Strong, ultralight nanofoams with extreme recovery and dissipation by manipulation of internal adhesive contacts,” ACS Nano, 14 (7), pp. 8383-8391, 2020. Tan, D., Luo, A., Wang, X., Shi, Z., Lei, Y., Steinhart, M., Kovalev, A., Gorb, S.N., Turner, K.T. Xue, L., “Humidity-modulated core–shell nanopillars for enhancement of gecko-inspired adhesion,” ACS Applied Nano Materials, 3 (4), pp. 35963603, 2020. Mohammadi Nasab, A., Luo, A., Sharifi, S., Turner, K.T., Shan, W. “Switchable adhesion via subsurface pressure modulation,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12 (24), pp. 2771727725, 2020.

Luo, A., Nasab, A.M., Tatari, M., Chen, S., Shan, W. and Turner, K.T. “Adhesion of flat-ended pillars with non-circular contacts,” Soft Matter, 16 (41), pp. 9534-9542, 2020. Conferences Wolf, S., Fulco, S., Zhang, A., Jin, Y., Govind, S., Zhao, H., Walsh, P., Turner, K., Fakhraai, Z. “High-throughput study of mechanical properties of organic stable glasses by nanoindentation,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 65, APS March Meeting, 2020.

Seong, A., Kim, J., Kwon, O., Jeong, H.Y., Gorte, R.J., Vohs, J.M., Kim, G. “Self-reconstructed interlayer derived by in-situ Mn diffusion from La0. 5Sr0. 5MnO3 via atomic layer deposition for an efficient bi-functional electrocatalyst,” Nano Energy, 71, pp. 104564, 2020. Cao, T., Huang, R., Gorte, R.J., Vohs, J.M. ”Endothermic reactions of 1-propanamine on a zirconia catalyst,” Applied Catalysis A: General, 590, pp. 117372, 2020. Cao, T., Kwon, O., Gorte, R.J., Vohs, J.M. “Metal exsolution to enhance the catalytic activity of electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells,” Nanomaterials, 10 (12), pp. 2445, 2020.

Flavia Vitale Apollo, N.V., Murphy, B., Prezelski, K., Driscoll, N., Richardson, A.G., Lucas, T.H., Vitale, F. “Gels, jets, mosquitoes, and magnets: a review of implantation strategies for soft neural probes,” Journal of Neural Engineering, 17 (4), pp. 041002, 2020. Driscoll, N., Maleski, K., Richardson, A.G., Murphy, B., Anasori, B., Lucas, T.H., Gogotsi, Y., Vitale, F. “Fabrication of Ti3C2 MXene microelectrode arrays for in vivo neural recording,” JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), (156), pp. e60741, 2020. Murphy, B.B., Mulcahey, P.J., Driscoll, N., Richardson, A.G., Robbins, G.T., Apollo, N.V., Maleski, K., Lucas, T.H., Gogotsi, Y., Dillingham, T., Vitale, F. “A Gel-Free Ti3C2Tx-based electrode array for high-density, high-resolution surface electromyography,” Advanced Materials Technologies, 5 (8), pp. 2000325, 2020.

John Vohs Joo, S., Seong, A., Kwon, O., Kim, K., Lee, J.H., Gorte, R.J., Vohs, J.M., Han, J.W., Kim, G. “Highly active dry methane reforming catalysts with boosted in situ grown Ni-Fe nanoparticles on perovskite via atomic layer deposition,” Science Advances, 6 (35), pp. eabb1573, 2020.

Kai Wang Ling, C., Dai, Y., Fang, L., Yao, F., Liu, Z., Qiu, Z., Cui, L., Xia, F., Zhao, C., Zhang, S., Wang, K., “Exonic rearrangements in DMD in Chinese Han individuals affected with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies,” Human Mutation, 41 (3), pp. 668-677, 2020. Zhao, M., Havrilla, J.M., Fang, L., Chen, Y., Peng, J., Liu, C., Wu, C., Sarmady, M., Botas, P., Isla, J., Lyon, G.J. “Phen2Gene: rapid phenotype-driven gene prioritization for rare diseases,” NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics, 2 (2), pp. lqaa032, 2020. Hu, Y., Fang, L., Nicholson, C., Wang, K. “Implications of error-prone long-read wholegenome shotgun sequencing on characterizing reference microbiomes,” Iscience, 23 (6), pp.101223, 2020. Yang, H., Luan, Y., Liu, T., Lee, H.J., Fang, L., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, B., Jin, Q., Ang, K.C., Xing, X. “A map of cis-regulatory elements and 3D genome structures in zebrafish,” Nature, 588 (7837), pp. 337-343, 2020. Liu, Q., Hu, Y., Stucky, A., Fang, L., Zhong, J.F., Wang, K. “LongGF: computational algorithm and software tool for fast and accurate detection of gene fusions by long-read transcriptome sequencing,” BMC Genomics, 21 (11), pp. 1-12, 2020.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Ping Wang Li, Z., Chen, H., Feng, S., Liu, K., Wang, P. “Development and clinical validation of a sensitive lateral flow assay for rapid urine fentanyl screening in the emergency department,” Clinical Chemistry, 66 (2), pp. 324-332, 2020.

Rebecca Wells Chin, L., Theise, N.D., Loneker, A.E., Janmey, P.A., Wells, R.G. “Lipid droplets disrupt mechanosensing in human hepatocytes,” American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 319 (1), pp. G11-G22, 2020. Fried, S., Gilboa, D., Har-Zahav, A., Lavrut, P.M., Du, Y., Karjoo, S., Russo, P., Shamir, R., Wells, R.G., Waisbourd-Zinman, O. “Extrahepatic cholangiocyte obstruction is mediated by decreased glutathione, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in a toxic model of biliary atresia,” Scientific Reports, 10 (1), pp. 1-10, 2020. Chin, L., Theise, N.D., Loneker, A.E., Janmey, P.A., Wells, R.G. “Lipid droplets disrupt mechanosensing in human hepatocytes,” American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,” 319 (1), pp. G11-G22, 2020. Fried, S., Gilboa, D., Har-Zahav, A., Lavrut, P.M., Du, Y., Karjoo, S., Russo, P., Shamir, R., Wells, R.G., Waisbourd-Zinman, O. “Extrahepatic cholangiocyte obstruction is mediated by decreased glutathione, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in a toxic model of biliary atresia,” Scientific Reports, 10(1), pp.1-10, 2020. Du, Y., Khandekar, G., Llewellyn, J., Polacheck, W., Chen, C.S., Wells, R.G. “A bile duct-on-a-chip with organ-level functions,” Hepatology, 71 (4), pp. 1350-1363, 2020.

Davidson, M.D., Burdick, J.A., Wells, R.G. “Engineered biomaterial platforms to study fibrosis,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, 9 (8), pp. 1901682, 2020.

Bailey, E., Composto, R., Winey, K. “Multiscale polymer and nanoparticle dynamics in attractive polymer nanocomposite melts,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

Khandekar, G., Llewellyn, J., Kriegermeier, A., Waisbourd-Zinman, O., Johnson, N., Du, Y., Giwa, R., Liu, X., Kisseleva, T., Russo, P.A. and Theise, N.D., Well, R.G. “Coordinated development of the mouse extrahepatic bile duct: implications for neonatal susceptibility to biliary injury,” Journal of Hepatology, 72(1), pp. 135-145, 2020.

Park, J., Bailey, E., Composto, R., Winey, K. “Single-particle tracking of nonsticky and sticky nanoparticles in polymer melts,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

Karen Winey Park, J., Bailey, E., Composto, R., Winey, K. “Single-particle tracking of nonsticky and sticky nanoparticles in polymer melts,” Macromolecules, 53 (10), pp. 3933-3939, 2020. Bailey, E.J., Griffin, P.J., Composto, R.J., Winey, K.I. “Characterizing the areal density and desorption kinetics of physically adsorbed polymer in polymer nanocomposite melts,” Macromolecules, 53 (7), pp. 27442753, 2020. Yan, L., Hoang, L., Winey, K. “Ionomers from step-growth polymerization: Highly ordered ionic aggregates and ion conduction,” Macromolecules, 53 (5), pp. 1777-1784, 2020. Buitrago, C., Pressly, J., Yang, A., Gordon, P., Riggleman, R., Natarajan, B., Winey, K. “Creep attenuation in glassy polymer nanocomposites with variable polymer–nanoparticle interactions,” Soft Matter, 16 (38), pp. 89128924, 2020. Conferences Park, J., Staiger, A., Rank, C., Mecking, S., Winey, K. “Gyroid morphologies in single-ion conducting polymers and the consequences for ion conductivity,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020. Winey, W., Yan, L., Park, J., Mecking, S. “Ion confinement in self-assembled precisely segmented polyolefin ionomers,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020. Yang, E., Pressly, J. Bailey, E., Natarajan, B., Mohan, A., Winey, K., Riggleman, R. “Suppression of creep in model polymer nanocomposites,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Liang Wu

Rebecca Wells

Ni, Z., Xu, B., Sánchez-Martínez, M.Á., Zhang, Y., Manna, K., Bernhard, C., Venderbos, J.W.F., de Juan, F., Felser, C., Grushin, A.G., Wu, L. “Linear and nonlinear optical responses in the chiral multifold semimetal RhSi,” npj Quantum Materials, 5 (1), pp. 1-10, 2020.

Chin, L., Theise, N.D., Loneker, A.E., Janmey, P.A., Wells, R.G. “Lipid droplets disrupt mechanosensing in human hepatocytes,” American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 319 (1), pp. G11-G22, 2020.

Xu, B., Fang, Z., Sánchez-Martínez, M.Á., Venderbos, J.W., Ni, Z., Qiu, T., Manna, K., Wang, K., Paglione, J., Bernhard, C., Felser, C. “Optical signatures of multifold fermions in the chiral topological semimetal CoSi,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (44), pp. 27104-27110, 2020.

Khadka, D., Thapaliya, T.R., Parra, S.H., Han, X., Wen, J., Need, R.F., Khanal, P., Wang, W., Zang, J., Kikkawa, J.M., Wu, L. “Kondo physics in antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3+ xSn1− x films,” Science Advances, 6 (35), pp. eabc1977, 2020.

Shu Yang Wang, Y., Dang, A., Zhang, Z., Yin, R., Gao, Y., Feng, L., Yang, S. “Repeatable and reprogrammable shape morphing from photoresponsive gold nanorod/liquid crystal elastomers,” Advanced Materials, 32 (46), pp. 2004270, 2020. Zhang, X.A., Jiang, Y., Venkatesh, R.B., Raney, J.R., Stebe, K.J., Yang, S., Lee, D. “Scalable manufacturing of bending-induced surface wrinkles,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12 (6), pp. 7658-7664.

Fried, S., Gilboa, D., Har-Zahav, A., Lavrut, P.M., Du, Y., Karjoo, S., Russo, P., Shamir, R., Wells, R.G., Waisbourd-Zinman, O. “Extrahepatic cholangiocyte obstruction is mediated by decreased glutathione, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in a toxic model of biliary atresia,” Scientific Reports, 10(1), pp.1-10, 2020. Du, Y., Khandekar, G., Llewellyn, J., Polacheck, W., Chen, C.S., Wells, R.G. “A bile duct-on-a-chip with organ-level functions,” Hepatology, 71 (4), pp. 1350-1363, 2020.

Davidson, M.D., Burdick, J.A., Wells, R.G. “Engineered biomaterial platforms to study fibrosis,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, 9 (8), pp. 1901682, 2020.

Bailey, E., Composto, R., Winey, K. “Multiscale polymer and nanoparticle dynamics in attractive polymer nanocomposite melts,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

Park, J., Bailey, E., Composto, R., Winey, K. “Single-particle tracking of nonsticky and sticky nanoparticles in polymer melts,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

Liang Wu Ni, Z., Xu, B., Sánchez-Martínez, M.Á., Zhang, Y., Manna, K., Bernhard, C., Venderbos, J.W.F., de Juan, F., Felser, C., Grushin, A.G., Wu, L. “Linear and nonlinear optical responses in the chiral multifold semimetal RhSi,” npj Quantum Materials, 5 (1), pp. 1-10, 2020. Xu, B., Fang, Z., Sánchez-Martínez, M.Á., Venderbos, J.W., Ni, Z., Qiu, T., Manna, K., Wang, K., Paglione, J., Bernhard, C., Felser, C. “Optical signatures of multifold fermions in the chiral topological semimetal CoSi,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (44), pp. 27104-27110, 2020. Khadka, D., Thapaliya, T.R., Parra, S.H., Han, X., Wen, J., Need, R.F., Khanal, P., Wang, W., Zang, J., Kikkawa, J.M., Wu, L. “Kondo physics in antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3+ xSn1− x films,” Science Advances, 6 (35), pp. eabc1977, 2020.

2020-2021

Publications

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Taheri, M.M., Elbert, K.C., Yang, S., Diroll, B.T., Park, J., Murray, C.B., Baxter, J.B. “distinguishing electron and hole dynamics in functionalized CdSe/CdS Core/Shell quantum dots using complementary ultrafast spectroscopies and kinetic modeling,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2020.

Chen, W.H., Misra, S., Gao, Y., Lee, Y.J., Koditschek, D.E., Yang, S., Sung, C.R. “A programmably compliant origami mechanism for dynamically dexterous robots,” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 5 (2), pp. 2131-2137, 2020.

Conferences

Selected Publications from Singh Center for Nanotechnology Researchers

Wei, W.S., Xia, Y., Ettinger, S., Wang, Y., Yang, S., Yodh, A. “Branching out and back: Reconfigurable nematic drops driven by molecular heterogeneity,” APS Meeting Abstracts, Volume 65, Number 1, 2020.

Galloway, L. Ma, X., Keim, N. Jerolmack, D., Yodh, A., Arratia, P. “Understanding the relationship between plasticity and material microstructure in disordered systems,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.

Zheng, Y., Panatdasirisuk, W., Liu, J., Tong, A., Xiang, Y., Yang, S. “Patterned, wearable UV indicators from electrospun photochromic fibers and yarns,” Advanced Materials Technologies, 5 (11), pp. 2000564, 2020.

Liu, J., Gao, Y., Wang, H., Poling-Skutvik, R., Osuji, C.O., Yang, S. “Shaping and locomotion of soft robots using filament actuators made from liquid crystal elastomer–carbon nanotube composites,” Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2 (6), pp. 1900163, 2020.

Galloway, K.L., Ma, X., Keim, N.C., Jerolmack, D.J., Yodh, A.G., Arratia, P.E. “Scaling of relaxation and excess entropy in plastically deformed amorphous solids,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (22), pp. 11887-11893, 2020.

Kim, H.N., Yang, S., “Responsive smart windows from nanoparticle–polymer composites,” Advanced Functional Materials, 30 (2), pp. 1902597, 2020.

Wei, W.S., Xia, Y., Ettinger, S., Yang, S., Yodh, A.G. “Molecular heterogeneity drives reconfigurable nematic liquid crystal drops, Nature, V 53, pp. 861, 2020. Wei, W.S., Xia, Y., Ettinger, S., Yang, S., Yodh, A.G. “Author Correction: Molecular heterogeneity drives reconfigurable nematic liquid crystal drops,” Nature, 2020.

Kim, H.N., Yang, S., “Responsive smart windows from nanoparticle–polymer composites,” Advanced Functional Materials, 30 (2), pp. 1902597, 2020.

Wei, W.S., Xia, Y., Ettinger, S., Yang, S., Yodh, A.G. “Molecular heterogeneity drives reconfigurable nematic liquid crystal drops, Nature, V 53, pp. 861, 2020.

Wei, W.S., Xia, Y., Ettinger, S., Yang, S., Yodh, A.G. “Author Correction: Molecular heterogeneity drives reconfigurable nematic liquid crystal drops,” Nature, 2020. Conferences

Liu, J., Radja, A., Gao, Y., Yin, R., Sweeney, A., Yang, S., “Mimicry of a biophysical pathway leads to diverse pollen-like surface patterns,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (18), pp. 9699-9705, 2020.

Xu, Y., Ge, D., Calderon-Ortiz, G.A., Exarhos, A.L., Bretz, C., Alsayed, A., Kurz, D., Kikkawa, J.M., Dreyfus, R., Yang, S., Yodh, A.G. “Highly conductive and transparent coatings from flowaligned silver nanowires with large electrical and optical anisotropy,” Nanoscale, 12 (11), pp. 6438-6448, 2020.

Arjun Yodh Wei, W.S., Xia, Y., Ettinger, S., Yang, S., Yodh, A.G. “Molecular heterogeneity drives reconfigurable nematic liquid crystal drops, Nature, V 53, pp. 861, 2020. Xu, Y., Ge, D., Calderon-Ortiz, G.A., Exarhos, A.L., Bretz, C., Alsayed, A., Kurz, D., Kikkawa, J.M., Dreyfus, R., Yang, S., Yodh, A.G. “Highly conductive and transparent coatings from flowaligned silver nanowires with large electrical and optical anisotropy,” Nanoscale, 12 (11), pp. 6438-6448, 2020.

Conferences

Conferences Wei, W.S., Xia, Y., Ettinger, S., Wang, Y., Yang, S., Yodh, A. “Branching out and back: Reconfigurable nematic drops driven by molecular heterogeneity,” APS Meeting Abstracts, Volume 65, Number 1, 2020. Galloway, L. Ma, X., Keim, N. Jerolmack, D., Yodh, A., Arratia, P. “Understanding the relationship between plasticity and material microstructure in disordered systems,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020. Galloway, K.L., Ma, X., Keim, N.C., Jerolmack, D.J., Yodh, A.G., Arratia, P.E. “Scaling of relaxation and excess entropy in plastically deformed amorphous solids,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (22), pp. 11887-11893, 2020.

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Singh Center for Nanotechnology Personnel Mark Allen Scientific Director John Russell Program Coordinator Pat Watson Director of User Programs Matthew Brukman Director Scanning and Local Probe Facility Douglas Yates Director Nanoscale Characterization Facility Meredith Metzler Director Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility Kristin Field Director Education and Professional Development Gerald Lopez Director of Business Development

Christopher Montowski Building Administrator Eric Johnston Senior manager Soft Lithography and Process Support

Singh Center for Nanotechnology Personnel Jamie Ford Staff Scientist Nanoscale Characterization Facility

Mark Allen Scientific Director John Russell Program Coordinator

Jarrett Gilinger Laboratory Instructional Coordinator Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility

Pat Watson Director of User Programs

David J. Jones Senior Nanofabrication Engineer Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility

Matthew Brukman Director Scanning and Local Probe Facility

Feaz Kalamodeen Laboratory Service Assistant Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility

Douglas Yates Director Nanoscale Characterization Facility

Kyle Keenan Laboratory Manager, Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility

Meredith Metzler Director Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility

Gyuseok Kim Principal Scientist Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility

Kristin Field Director Education and Professional Development

Hiromichi Yamamoto Principal Scientist Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility Charles Veith Purchasing and Micro Contamination Manager Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility

Gerald Lopez Director of Business Development

Christopher Montowski Building Administrator Eric Johnston Senior manager Soft Lithography and Process Support

Jamie Ford Staff Scientist Nanoscale Characterization Facility Jarrett Gilinger Laboratory Instructional Coordinator Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility David J. Jones Senior Nanofabrication Engineer Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility Feaz Kalamodeen Laboratory Service Assistant Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility Kyle Keenan Laboratory Manager, Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility Gyuseok Kim Principal Scientist Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility Hiromichi Yamamoto Principal Scientist Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility Charles Veith Purchasing and Micro Contamination Manager Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility

2021 Annual Report

Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Visiting Address Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology University of Pennsylvania 3205 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 Website: www.nano.upenn.edu Email: info@nano.upenn.edu Visit us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/singhcenternano/ Follow us on Twitter: twitter.com/UPennSinghNano

2021 Singh Center for Nanotechnology Annual Report

Articles inside

Research Achievements

Publications

Singh Center Initiatives

Research Highlights

Awards & Honors

Covid-19 Pandemic

Foreword