CONSTRUCTING ENVIRONMENTS STUDIO TEN NAME: SI YANG STUDENT NO: 698893
Mind Map for week 7 REMOVE OPENING Using planned elements that are a potential opening (e.g. windows, doors) OR - Using unplanned openings in the building fabric but poor construction workmanship and deterioration of materials USE A SEALANT → placing a flexible silicone into the junction between door frame and window frame in adjacent wall USE A GASKET → wrapped around the entire module and gets compressed against the other module that prevents water penetration
KEEP WATER AWAY FROM OPENING
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MOISTURE
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Grading roofs → water is collected in gutters → Discharge the water to down pipes and storm water systems Overlapping cladding and roofing elements Slopping window and door sills and roof/wall flashings Slapping the ground surface away from the walls at the base of buildings
NEUTRALISE THE FORCES THAT MOVE THROUGH OPENINGS -
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Constructing Environments
Gravity → uses slope and overlaps → double cavity wall: consist by block and brick which water penetrates outside skin → head flashing: over the window head → sills flashing : water is carried away and runs down to the front surface → threshold: slop paving 1% Surface Tension & Capillary Action → uses a drip and break between surfaces to prevent water clinging to the underside of surfaces (e.g. window sill or parapet capping)
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Momentum → capillary break is for the water to drain → slopping surface is for drainage Air Pressure Differential → tendency for water to “pump” inside → air barrier on internal side can avoid water get in
Si Yang
CONDUCTION -
Thermal insulation → reduces heat conduction Thermal breaks → reduces amount of conduction Double (triple) glazing → air spaces in between → reduces the flow of heat though the glazed elements
RADIATION
HEAT
Reflective surfaces → reduces the flow of heat though the glazed elements (e.g. low-e glass) - Shading systems → shade surfaces (e.g. eaves) → prevent radiation striking the building envelope
THERMAL MASS -
Can be used effectively to capture walls during a sunny winter’s day so then warmth can released at night When temperature drop, the stored heat is released Materials used: → masonry → concrete → water bodies
Constructing Environments
CONTROLLING AIR LEAKAGE Strategies to stop air leakage: - Eliminating → an opening → water present at the opening → a force to move water through the opening - Wrapping the building in polyethylene OR reflective foil sarking to provide an air barrier - Weather stripping around doors and windows and other openings is necessary
Si Yang
PROPERTIES -
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Hardness → harder rubber resists abrasion → softer rubber provides better seals Fragility → low → will not shatter or break Ductility → high in heated state → varied in cold state Flexibility & Plasticity → high flexibility, plasticity and elasticity Porosity/Permeability → all rubbers are considered waterproof Density → appox. 1.5 × density of water Conductivity → poor conductivity of heat and electricity Durability & Life Span → very durable Reusability/Recyclability → high Sustainability & Carbon Footprint → embodied energy in natural rubber is very low → embodied energy in synthetic rubber is medium Cost → cost effective
Constructing Environments
NATURAL RUBBER -
RUBBER
Made from nature rubber tree Types & Uses → seals → gaskets & control joints → flooring → insulation (e.g. around electrical wiring) → hosing & piping
SYNTHETIC RUBBER -
Technically a plastic Types & Uses → EPDM (gaskets & control joints) → Neoprene (control joints) → Silicone (seals)
CONSIDERATIONS -
Weather related damage especially sunlight Protection → avoid or minimize sun exposure
Si Yang
PROPERTIES -
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Hardness → medium-low Fragility → low-medium → will not shatter or break generally → can be fragile in degraded state Ductility → high in heated state → varied in cold state Flexibility & Plasticity → high Porosity/Permeability → many plastics are waterproof Density → low Conductivity → poor conductivity of heat and electricity Durability & Life Span → very durable (depending on type, finishing, fixing) Reusability/Recyclability → high for thermoplastics and elastomers → low for thermosetting plastics Sustainability & Carbon Footprint → embodied energy varies between recycled and not recycled → not renewable resource Cost → cost effective
PROVENANCE -
PLASTIC
TYPES & USES -
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CONSIDERATIONS -
Constructing Environments
Able to molded into different shapes Source made from elements → carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc, combined by chemical reaction into monomers → monomers combine with each other to form polymer
Thermoplastics are moldable when heated and become solid again when cooled. Can be also recycled. → polyethylene: insulation material → PVC: inexpensive, damage to the environment → polycarbonate: use for roofing, skylight Thermosetting Plastics can only be shaped once which limits their ability to be recycled. → melamide/laminex: uses for finishing surfaces, resistant to chemical attack, waterproof → polystyrene: insulation panels Elastomers refer to separate e-Module. → EPDM: waterproofing flat roof → Neoprene & Silicone: waterproof is important, help separate different metals.
Weather related damage especially sunlight Protection → avoid or minimize sun exposure
Si Yang
PROVENANCE & COMPOSITION
PROPERTIES -
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Color Consistency → resist fading, especially when outside in Ultra → violet low (sunlight) → red dyes tend to be less stable in sunlight Durability → need to resist chipping, cracking & peeling Flexible/Plasticity → water based is more flexible than oil based Gloss → surface finishes can range from matt
PAINTS
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Main purpose is to protect (and color) a particular element Clear paints are called lacquers or vanishes Components → binder: film-forming component of paint → diluent: dissolves the paint and adjusts its viscosity → pigment: gives the paint its color and opacity. Can be natural or synthetic.
TYPES & USES -
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Constructing Environments
Oil Based → used prior to plastic paints → very good High Gloss finishes can be achieved → not water soluble so brushes cleaned by turpentine Water Based → most common today → Durable & flexible → tools and brushes can be cleaned with water
Si Yang