9789127435186 by Smakprov Media AB

ECHO

VOCATIONAL

ECHO 5 VOCATIONAL Echo är en läromedelsserie i engelska för gymnasiet och vuxenutbildningen. Echo är tätt knuten till Gy 2011 och har fokus på genrekunskap, skönlitteratur och globala frågor. Echo 5 Vocational är avsedd för engelska 5 på de yrkesförberedande programmen. Main Issues ger dig fakta, Short Stories ger dig fiktion.

Komponenter

ECHO 5 Main Issues VOCATIONAL

Main Issues

Main Issues Vocational av Marie Kabala-Rejment, Bodil Jonsson och Kevin Frato: Elevbok med fokus på förmågorna i Gy 2011. Boken är helt på engelska och innehåller texter i olika genrer, steg-för-steg-instruktioner till uppgifter, samt arbetslivsfokus. Boken innehåller också resursavsnitt för text och tal samt grammatikdel. Inlästa texter, hörövningar, facit och webbövningar nås via kod i boken.

Interaktiv bok Plus: Digital elevbok med inlästa texter och instruktioner, hörövningar, facit och webbövningar. Interaktiv lärarhandledning Plus: Båda elevböckerna Main Issues Vocational och Short Stories i en samlad digital version med integrerat lärarstöd, provbank med bedömningsstöd och hörförståelse i videoformat. Läs mer om Echo på www.nok.se

Ljud och facit via kod i boken

ISBN 978-91-27-43518-6

Main Issues

ECHO

Short Stories av Alastair Henry: Elevbok med tio noveller från den engelsktalande världen. Varje novell följs av språk- och analysträning enligt Gy 2011. Novellerna har en naturlig koppling till teman i Main Issues Vocational. Boken är helt på engelska. Inlästa texter, hörövningar, facit och webbövningar nås via kod i boken.

VOCATIONAL MARIE KABALA-REJMENT BODIL JONSSON KEVIN FRATO

9 789127 435186

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Contents 1. World Englishes 5

5. The Road to Success 99

Letter in a Bottle 8 Why are You Studying English? 14 English abroad 18

meet Tan Le 102 Nick Brandt 108 Cameron Herold 114

Speak About It 24 Write About It 26

Speak About It 118 Write About It 120

2. Health and Happiness 29

6. Environment and Consumption 123

What to put on Your plate? 32 Fixation with a Healthy Lifestyle 36 The Health Journals 42

WCm – Workers for a Clean manila 126 Trashy Lifestyle or Dumpster Chic? 132 Getting Behind Fairtrade 138

Speak About It 48 Write About It 50

Speak About It 142 Write About It 144

3. Social Media 53

7. Job Seeking 147

an Increase in Online Bullying 56 The promise of the Web 60 The Internet: making Us miserable? 66

To Work or Not to Work? 150 Fika-Country vs. Down Under 154 Job ads 160 Cover Letters 161

Speak About It 70 Write About It 72

4. Fair Treatment 75 a Leap for Gender Equality 78 Equal Opportunity and Diversity 82 I’m Not a Racist But… 88

Speak About It 166 Write About It 168

Grammar 171 Word Lists 205

Speak About It 94 Write About It 96

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WORLD ENGLISHES

Unit 1: CoRe CoNTeNT Main issue: The English language Reading skills: personal letter (Nigeria) Survey (Global) Informative text (US) Listening skills: presentations; discussion speaking skills: Informative presentation Writing skills: personal letter

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Talk About It

B a

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Describe the pictures 1 Describe where the people in each picture are and what they are doing. 2 In what way are they learning English in these situations?

Discuss Which ways of learning English do you think are most effective and why? In pairs or small groups, discuss the pros and cons of the following methods, then rank them. going on holidays abroad

studying abroad reading books in English studying hard in English class

playing English video games

talking to other gamers online

watching Tv and films without subtitles

Key words Match each expression with its definition. 1 native speaker 2 colonisation 3 proficiency

a) Fluency, level of skill in a language. b) Someone who has spoken a particular language since they were a baby. c) One country taking over another, sending people to govern and live there.

WORLD ENGLISHES

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LETTER IN A BOTTLE

beFoRe YoU Re Ad Topic: What do yo u say about yours elf, when you first me et someone? strategy: Skim the text for 30 seconds and try to guess what it is about.

20 Temple Road, 101233 Ikoyi, Lagos 13th June, 1998, 9.30 a.m.

Dear finder of this bottle,

me Daeze. My name is Adaeze, but you can call is my 12th letter Today is my 17th birthday, and this , on the morning in a bottle. Ever since I turned five to the beach and of my birthday I have gone down the Atlantic Ocean. thrown a message in a bottle into on the radio called It all started when I heard a song Papa what it “Message in a Bottle”, and I asked decided to send was about. When he explained, we ing them into the one ourselves, and I have been toss haven’t heard back ocean every year since then. I still ing (if you are readfrom anyone, but I’m always hop e come true). ing this, hopefully my wish will hav me a world atlas On my sixth birthday, Papa gave was. We looked and showed me how big the ocean ut all the places through it and made up stories abo wash up. Papa where my birthday messages might University of was a geography professor at the about volcanoes Lagos, and he would tell me stories frozen lakes under the ocean, people skating on cold sea. I said, and even bears swimming in the icylaughed and said, “Impossible, it’s not true!” and he

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“Yes. And in America, the y have a flower called ‘daisy’. Almost like your name, Daeze!” Sometimes we would stu dy Papa’s old colonial map, from wh en Nigeria was British, and Papa would wave his hands, an d tell me about how red-faced men with helmets and pistols used to sit behind the counter at the police station. “They wore woollen unifo rms with long pants and long sleeves, all year long.” When I turned ten, I was tired of sending messages in bottles, never getting a reply. But Papa shook his head: “Hold on to your dreams, Daeze darling, and they will co me true.” On my twelfth birthday Papa didn’t follow me to the sea. He was in the hospital. The next year he was no longer in the hospi tal, but he hadn’t come home, either – Mama sai d he had come to a bette r place. Now here I am at the oc ean where I smell saltwater, seaweed, and smok e from the oil refineries down the shore. The waves fly towards me, row upon row, like endless flo cks of seabirds. In a moment I will fold this no te and tuck it into the bottle, then pitch it into the waves and watch it plunge and wobble away on its voyage. When I get home Mama will already be making my favourite dish banga stew, or ofe ok wa as we call it in Igbo.

counter table over which customers are served seaweed plant that grows in the sea oil refinery factory where oil is purified shore coast to pitch to throw to plunge to fall wobble move unsteadily

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les are playing Later this afternoon the Super Eag least twenty-five against Spain in the World Cup. At watch. I love football! people will gather at our place to

however, is that One thing that dampens my spirits, attack a few days General Abacha died from a heart with black armbands. ago. So the Eagles will be playing can I tell you? So, finder of this bottle, what else in Lagos. My I still live and go to school in Ikoyi, and English. In my favourite subjects are Geography watch movies, and… free time I like to write songs and lessons! I haven’t I almost forgot, I am taking driving moved to England told my older sister Adaeke yet. She nagement at King’s last year, to study Business and Ma see the expression College in London. I can’t wait to home for Christmas on Adaeke’s face when she comes and I pick her up at the airport!

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You have probably noticed I am writing this in English. Like most families I know, we speak English at home. With our relatives from the countrysi de we speak Igbo, even though they are native Engl ish speakers as well. Mama still works as a doct or and… this I should tell you, dear bottle-finder: her new husband Udi is some kind of petroleum cons ultant, and knows lots about what is under the earth , but hardly anything about what is above it. I have a boyfriend named Aaron, but I have only told Adaeke about him. I’m not sure that Mam a and Udi would be thrilled, because, you see, he’s not a proper Christian. Now that you have found this message, pleas e send me a sign. Somehow. Please tell me wha t it is like for you over there.

to dampen one’s spirits to lessen one’s excitement igbo people and language from south-eastern Nigeria

Yours always, Adaeze PS. I know you are in a better place, Papa, and I know someday this message will find you as well.

WORLD ENGLISHES

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Activity Section Understanding the text 1 2 3 4 5

Who is the sender of this letter? Name; age; country; city? Why did papa give adaeze the world atlas for her birthday? What does adaeze’s father tell her about when their country was British? What languages does adaeze speak? When does she use them? What relationship does adaeze have to the people close to her? Describe her relationship to: a) her dad b) her mom c) her mom’s new husband d) her sister

Use of English – Dates and times Dates and times can be written with only numbers, with words and numbers, and with only words. English uses the 12 hour clock, adding “am” (24–12) or “pm” (12–24). 2 pm is two o’clock in the afternoon and 2 am is two o’clock at night. 1 Write what date and time it is now, in three different ways. Example: 6/7/2015, 11:30 pm. July 6th 2015, eleven-thirty pm. The sixth of July, twenty-fifteen, half past eleven in the evening. 2 pair the phrases that mean the same thing. It happened… in 1999 100 years ago two weeks ago in 1751

a century ago a fortnight ago at the end of the 20th century in the mid-eighteenth century

3 In pairs, write five sentences including these phrases: ever since usually

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this morning the following week

every year

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Word work Work in pairs or in small groups with words from the text. 1 match the word or phrase in the first column with the correct definition or synonym in the second column. hear back come true wash up hold on pick up be about

happen mean appear get a reply do not let go collect

2 Use each expression from the first column in an improvised conversation.

Short discussion Reflect and jot down your ideas before discussing. strategy Check that your partner is following you and ask for clariﬁcations when you don’t understand. 



Imagine that you want to get in touch with adaeze today, but her family has moved. How could you find her? What clues are there in the letter? Brainstorm with a partner and list your three best ideas. What parts of the English-speaking world would you like to visit? List your top three choices and then compare with a partner. Give reasons for your choices.

Quick-writing Choose one of the topics below and write a brief text (150–200 words). Share your text with a partner. 



What have you learned about Nigeria from adaeze’s letter? make a list of facts. What things would have been interesting to hear more about? Why do you think adaeze’s family speaks English in certain situations and Igbo in others? How could this habit have developed? Explain your reasoning.

WORLD ENGLISHES

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WORLD EDUCaTION EmpORIUm

Why are You Studying English?

beFoRe YoU ReAd Topic: What lan guages do you use on line? strategy: Read the title and guess what this text will be about.

We have asked students from around the world about their reasons for learning english.

The internet is my world. I live in a small town where there isn’t much to do besides the church and the youth centre, but that doesn’t matter. I can make new friends, learn new ideas, read blogs and books, and catch the latest music and videos all while sitting at my kitchen table. But that also means studying English. Why? Because hardly anyone online uses Finnish. my mom says that when she was growing up, Haapavesi was even more boring, and she felt like she was a prisoner until she got her driver’s license. But I don’t care about cars, I am able to go anywhere I want, as long as I’m online. (Aina, female, 17, Haapavesi, Finland) i work part-time as a receptionist at a four-star hotel in Beijing. my uniform is itchy and doesn’t fit quite right, but I still consider myself privileged. Especially because the hotel is paying me to take a course in English for the Hospitality Industry. We expand our vocabulary, often through role-playing. all of us students are employed at places like restaurants, hotels or travel agencies, so we like to act out real situations in English, with the help of our teacher Cynthia. Even though mandarin is the world’s largest language, most international visitors can’t even say hello. So we use English instead, and it works very well. Without English, I wouldn’t have to wear this itchy outfit, but I also wouldn’t have a job. (Hai, female, 21, Beijing, China)

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When i was younger i made model cars and bicycles out of old tin cans. Now I dream of making them for real, and I want to study how in australia. But getting into university in Sydney takes good grades and proficiency in English. I have to take the IELTS language test so they know I can keep up in class. I find listening and speaking the most difficult, but I am studying hard at a special college. We have four hours of classes every day and it costs a lot of money but I hope it will all be worth it. If I pass the test (I’m keeping my fingers crossed!) I will be on my way to becoming a mechanical engineer in australia. (Saladin, male, 19, Amman, Jordan)

the hospitality industry service industries for paying customers (hotels, resturants etc.) proficiency fluency ieLTs exams that assess language skills to study or work in Englishspeaking countries fingers crossed hoping for good luck subtitle translation text on Tv programmes or films closing credits list of people who worked on a film

i like to impress my girlfriend. I know it sounds stupid, but it’s true. In argentina everybody starts learning English at age nine, but my girlfriend grew up in a village in Iraq and never learned. Do you want to hear about our first date? I took her to a James Bond movie and we worked on reading the subtitles together. after a while I asked her to cover my eyes, so I couldn’t read the subtitles, and then I told her what they were saying. She thought it was just a trick to get her close… She had a point. I translated the theme song afterwards, too, during the closing credits – I made it sound like the most poetic stuff in the world. You should have seen the look on her face – she just loved it. after that we told her parents they didn’t need to pay me to help her learn English anymore. (Manuel, male, 16, San Juan, Argentina)

WORLD ENGLISHES

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Activity Section Understanding the text 1 What is the main reason each of the young people in the survey is learning English? match the following reasons with the right person (aina, Hai, Saladin or manuel). a) for work b) for studies c) to make friends

d) to be able to chat online e) to impress a partner f ) to move abroad

2 Why doesn’t aina use Finnish online? 3 Why can’t Hai speak mandarin to tourists? 4 according to Saladin, what two requirements are necessary for him to be able to fulfil his dream?

Use of English – Word order English syntax (word order) sometimes diﬀers from Swedish word order. For instance, in English the subject is always placed before the verb, whereas in Swedish the verb can be placed ﬁrst. 1 Order the jumbled sentences. For each, discuss how the word order would be different in Swedish or another language. Example: In the evenings / often / computer / I / play / games. In the evenings I often play computer games. a) b) c) d) e)

On arrival / not / did / I / the / speak / language. Unless forced / English. / students / the / speak / do /not On completion of the course / had / fill in / a / to / questionnaire. / we In many countries / special / English / status. / given / was / a In both rich and poor countries / a / dream / people / of / better / many / future. f ) at our school / they / can / students / if / want / decide / take / an / written / or / exam. / oral / to g) after the exam / verbs. / the / remember / could / we / not h) When we arrived / discovered / that / we / slang / easy to /was / understand. / not 2 Create five jumbled sentences and give them to a partner to put in order.

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Word work Work in pairs or in small groups with words from the text. 1 Complete each phrase with the correct word to form an expression. a) I am able to play an online game with an american girl and speak to someone in Hong Kong, all … sitting at home. b) You can understand me, as … as I speak English. c) my new trousers do not fit quite … . d) He needs to pass his language tests to get … university. e) With the … of our language teacher we are learning the grammar. f ) Once you have learnt the vocabulary, you will be … to understand the text. 2 Choose five of the expressions above and include them in new sentences.

Short discussion Reflect and jot down your ideas before discussing. 



In pairs, choose one of the students from the text each and briefly summarise their ideas for each other. Does this student have anything in common with you? If so, what? people learn English for different reasons. make a list of your reasons for wanting to study English. Then compare your list with a partner’s and explain your reasons. Discuss which is the most important one.

Quick-writing Choose one of the topics below and write a brief text (150–200 words). Share your text with a partner. strategy Use a synonym or an explanation when you don’t know a word in English. 



Write at least seven tips for someone who wants to improve their spelling, vocabulary and spoken English. What should they do? Evaluate your English skills, one by one: reading, listening, speaking, writing, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. What are you good at and what do you need to practice more? What is the best way for you to learn?

WORLD ENGLISHES

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Feature by: Dolores Deakin Linguistics Monthly, Philadelphia, U.S.

beFoRe YoU Re Ad Topic: Name th e English-speakin g countries you kn ow. strategy: Look at the pictures and guess what this text is about.

English Abroad lingua franca language used for communication between people who speak different languages

English today is a global language. It is used in information technology, in pop music, in business, in research and science, and is one of the lingua francas of the modern world. Interestingly, English has fewer mother-tongue speakers than Mandarin or Spanish but most people, even those who speak Chinese or Spanish, will usually use English when traveling abroad.

English taking over The spread of English around the world started as a result of colonization. The British Empire established its first colony in North America in the early 17th century. The native North

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Americans lived in tribes, such as Apache and Sioux, each tribe speaking their own language. The British used English among themselves, but naturally they were influenced by local conditions. Native American words like “maize”, “moose” and “raccoon” entered the language. Separated by the Atlantic Ocean, English in North America developed independently of Great Britain, into what is known as American English. The differences between American and British English are mainly found in spelling (“color” instead of “colour”), vocabulary (“pants” instead of “trousers”), and pronunciation. But, as the world grows smaller, these differences are quickly becoming less important and less noticeable. In the late 18th century the British founded new colonies and brought English to Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. These are now primarily English-speaking countries, with their own variety of English. The indigenous populations have become minorities, speaking minority languages. Interestingly, though, in South Africa, English is the dominant language in government and the media, even though only about 10% of the population use it as their first language.

independently without any influence or help indigenous population original inhabitants minority social group that is smaller or weaker than the majority

The Shannon boarding the Chesapeake during the 1812 War between the United States and the United Kingdom. Painted in 1813 by Robert Dodd.

WORLD ENGLISHES

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Used bookstore in Yangon, Burma.

English â&#x20AC;&#x153;moving inâ&#x20AC;? with other languages In many countries colonized by the British, English exists side by side with local languages. These colonies include such regions as India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Kenya, the Philippines, Singapore and Hong Kong, as well as some Caribbean islands. The languages and cultures of these communities have developed parallel to English, but English is the language of the elite. Learning English is necessary to climb the social ladder and many upper-class children and teenagers go to local prestigious English-speaking schools and later travel to the UK or US to complete their education. parallel happening at the same time social ladder hierarchy in society prestigious respected and admired

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Modern culture and English Nowadays, English is expanding around the world, not because of the British, but because of the political and commercial dominance of the US. An increasing number of countries are

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introducing English in primary schools or even in kindergartens. Therefore, for many people English has become a second language and is used as an important tool to acquire knowledge and information. In countries with widespread censorship, such as North Korea, China and Saudi Arabia, political leaders are finding it increasingly difficult to control access to information available in English.

to acquire to get censorship restrictions on printed or published content

English looks to the future Each of the countries where English is widely used influences the way it is spoken in that area. As a result, English is nowadays being developed by people from many different countries who use it as their second language. In the past, native speakers of English (usually British) created a standard of correctness. Nowadays, imitating native speakers is not as important as simply getting your message across and making yourself understood. The question for the future is: will English continue to spread or will another world language, such as Mandarin or Spanish, come along and take its place?

WORLD ENGLISHES

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Actvity Section Understanding the text 1 match each paragraph in the text with these suggestions for new subheadings. a) Conclusion – How will English develop? b) The first wave of British colonies c) The second wave of British colonies d) The spread of american English e) Introduction 2 What examples of English being a modern lingua franca can you find in the text? Name at least three. 3 according to the text, why is English a dominant language in the world today? 4 What problem do countries that use censorship face, because of the spread of English?

Use of English – British and American English British and american English diﬀer slightly in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling. It is useful to be aware of these diﬀerences in order to avoid making mistakes. 1 Read the sentences written in British English and replace the words in italics with the american words below. Use each word only once. subway candy a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

restrooms lines

chips sidewalk

game soccer

You get around town by taking the underground. Before going to the cinema we bought some crisps. all the children were given a goody bag with sweets and toys. There were long queues to enter the newly opened art exhibition. I’ve got two tickets for today’s football match. There were beautiful pictures drawn directly on the pavement. I looked for the loo as soon as we came to the airport.

2 In pairs, read the sentences with British pronunciation. Then read them with american pronunciation, inserting the american words.

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Word work Work in pairs or small groups with words from the text. imitate acquire

variety establish

expand develop

spread dominant

1 Write down a definition or a synonym of each of these terms. 2 Take turns quizzing each other for terms and definitions.

Short discussion Reflect and jot down your ideas before discussing. strategy Use gestures and body language to clarify and get your point across. 



Traditionally, schools have taught only British English, but this is changing. Do you think that some dialects, or varieties, of English are more correct or useful than others? There are both positive and negative aspects of English becoming a dominant world language. What pros and cons can you see?

Quick-writing Choose one of the topics below and write a brief text (150–200 words). Share your text with a partner. 



Using the headings from the text as a guide, write a summary describing how English has spread around the world. Read the last paragraph of the text again: the author wonders what the future of English will be. What is your own opinion? Discuss in writing.

WORLD ENGLISHES

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Speak About It FINAL TASK: INFORMATIVE PRESENTATION

Task: In groups, give an informative speech about an English-speaking country in africa or asia. (10–15 minutes) speech type: an informative presentation should give information in a pedagogical and objective way. This kind of presentation is common in many workplaces.

Preparation 1 In groups of 2–3, search online to find a list of countries in africa or asia where English is an official language. 2 Choose a country your group would like to focus on. 3 Research your chosen country. Divide your work equally so that everybody takes part. Structure your research to cover these four topics: – Geographical location: Capital, population size, type of government, number of languages spoken, and the number of English speakers. – history of english: When and how was the English language first introduced in this country? – english today: From what age is English taught in school? What English-speaking newspapers or Tv stations are there? – english accent: Find a short video/audio clip where you can listen to English spoken in that country. Describe how people speak there.

Process 1 Write a script for your presentation and choose a title. Your introduction should give your reasons for choosing this particular country. 2 Cover the four research topics (above) in the body of your presentation. 3 In your conclusion, summarise your main findings and comment on them. – What have you learned? – Were you surprised by your findings? – Did you think the audio-/videoclip was difficult to understand? 4 add audiovisual aids (sound, pictures, slideshows, etc.) to illustrate and explain your findings.

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Presentation 1 Revise your script and practice your presentation. Each member of the group is responsible for one part of the presentation. 2 present your work.

TiPs FoR RevisiNG self-editing: Record yourselves, listen, and take notes on what could be improved. Check grammar and vocabulary as well as ﬂow and structure. Then edit your presentation. Peer feedback: Get feedback from another group on the structure, language and content. Rework.

Useful phrases introduction In this presentation we will focus on… The topic of this presentation… We have chosen… The reason why we have chosen… body Let me start by… It’s interesting that… Another important fact is… Surprisingly… Compared to other countries…

Conclusion In conclusion… To sum up… In our opinion… We have learned that… We were surprised to find that…

WORLD ENGLISHES

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Write About It FINAL TASK: PERSONAL LETTER

Task: Write your own letter in a bottle where you let the ﬁnder know who you are and what is important to you. (300–500 words) Text type: an introductory personal letter should include informal information about yourself and your life and the language should not be too casual.

Preparation 1 Use “Letter in a Bottle” (p. 8), as a model for your text. 2 make a mind-map of things in your past, present and future that you would like to tell the anonymous finder of your letter. For example: • Something important that happened to you in the past. • The most important things in your life right now. • Your spare time activities. • The most important people in your life. • Where you are from. • Your favourite school subjects. • Your language skills. • Your hopes for the future.

Process 1 Begin writing by stating the current date and place. Then write a greeting phrase. 2 Structure your text into an introduction, a body and a conclusion. 3 introduce yourself in such a way that the finder of your letter will have a chance of contacting you even after 15 years. 4 In the body of your letter, cover the topics from your mind-map. 5 end by writing about your wishes for what will happen when your letter is found. Use a suitable parting phrase, followed by your signature.

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Product 1 proofread and revise. 2 Submit your letter.

TiPs FoR RevisiNG self-editing: Read the letter carefully, making sure that the structure is clear and that you have used correct vocabulary, spelling and grammar. Peer feedback: Get feedback from a partner on structure, language and content. Rework.

Useful phrases Greeting phrases To the finder of this bottle: Dear Somebody, Hello Stranger, Parting phrases Best regards, With best wishes, Sincerely, Yours truly, Best,

WORLD ENGLISHES

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MORE TO EXPLORE Grammar A, an and the Definite article in Swedish – no article in English Listening Comprehension Voices from four parts of the world (presentations) Coming out (discussion) Literature “my Best Friend’s Dad” by Bali Rai (Short Stories 5) “Fly away Home” by andy mead (Short Stories 5) “The purse is mine” by Thomas Rapakgadi (Short Stories 5) Film Half of a Yellow Sun Message in a Bottle online research “message in a Bottle”, lyrics by The police Spain vs. Nigeria, 1998 World Cup

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ECHO

VOCATIONAL

Komponenter

ECHO 5 Main Issues VOCATIONAL

Main Issues

Ljud och facit via kod i boken

ISBN 978-91-27-43518-6

Main Issues

ECHO

VOCATIONAL MARIE KABALA-REJMENT BODIL JONSSON KEVIN FRATO

9 789127 435186

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