SITlab Heliopolis Amsterdam Academy of Architecture by Rogier Van den Berg

H APP Y S TR EET

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STRATEGIC INCREMENTAL RENEWAL OF HELIOPOLIS

Jaap Leek

P5 Heliopolis, São Paulo teacher: Rogier van den Berg

We want legal rights and be part of the city.

We want better housing conditions.

Heliopolis, Sao Paulo is an irregular settlement with has grown to approx.. 190.000 inhabitants, witch is still a rough estimation. The living conditions of the inhabitants vary from slum- to middle class housing. Houses are slowly built up, layers accumulating as new family members join existing relations within the favela. The informal “morphology” is a result of numerous small, individual decisions. The dense urban tissue creates serious problems. There is a lack of infrastructure, public space and services. Dwellings are too small and building structures are often in bad quality witch result in a bad quality of life. Interviews with inhabitants confirmed this.

We want a larger house and more privacy.

I want to respond to the needs of the Heliopolis people with a clear and practical approach by rehousing the inhabitants from the worst parts to better housing-conditions within the same neighborhood as much as possible. The designproposal shows an incremental housing strategy with a flexible building structure and adds proper access and services to its neighborhood. It is build by educated community-members in collaboration with the municipality. Permanent structures are built under supervision of the municipality to ensure the construction-quality. This incremental housing strategy finds his way trough the neighborhood by re-housing inhabitants that wants to cooperate the strategy in return for better housing and legal rights.

I’m not allowed to play football near cars. I want a safe outside space to play.

By building new houses a passageway arises through the favela and provides new spatial possibilities. This (pedestrian-oriented) passage connects existing infrastructure and gives new qualities to the streets of the favela. Wide parts of the passage are potential spaces for outdoor programming for the youth. That could result toward a healthy community development. Small shops or portable market shops could facilitate the neighbourhood in these passageways. Inhabitants of the existing houses along the passage have the opportunity to upgrade their houses or simply rehabilitating facades. Another outside space with qualities is the rooftop of each new housing building. This is a collective space shared with the residents of the building. A safe place for young children to play outside during the day. And a place to hang out and barbecue by night. This designproposal respond to the existing social aspects of the outdoors life in Heliopolis.

We want more public space and nature. We want to stay in the same neighborhood, near our family.

We want safer streets with more lighting.

Key points 1 2 3 4 5

Offer a smart, low-tech and flexible building-structure Offer a good infrastructure, more public space, services, safety and healthy life-conditions How to implement it in Heliopolis? Who is responsible for what? What is the system? Keep social and economical networks intact;

greater Sao Paulo

city Sao Paulo

Heliopolis

Location Heliopolis

Location study case

São Paulo (city)

Heliopolis

± 22.000.000 inhabitants ± 6.000.000 inhabitants illegal ± 1523 km2 ± 31% of the city is irregular settlement

± 190.000 inhabitants ± 1 km2 5 m2 per person

main construction materials: - reinforced concrete - hollow clay bricks - steel roofing

Existing situation

Index inhabitants study case

Accessibility

floors

plots

families

2 3 4+

285 143 2

570 429 8

total

430 plots

1007 families

192 of 430 plots are not proper accessible [lack of sewage- and electricity-systems]

Is there a solution between favela dwellings and large-scale social housing? alleys

passage

facades main street private balconies facing the street

H APP Y S TR EET

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STRATEGIC INCREMENTAL RENEWAL OF HELIOPOLIS

FAVELA-UPGRADE PROGRAM Strategy

Content strategy

favela-upgrade program

Building methodology service and served space

the quality of the new dwellings and surrounding

community

municipality

- more space; [more privacy] - better health-conditions; [ventilation, daylight] - better and safe accesibility [collective stairs] - safe outside space [collective roof terrace] - safe construction-quality; - better infrastructure

R$ education

The municipality offers education and jobs to the inhabitants of Heliopolis. The municipality could also work together with existing local contractors. Jobs for the program are: - construction-workers; - assembly-line workers; - plumbers; - electricians; - crane operators; - â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;truckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; drivers;

changeble space + facade

+ main structure + accessibility + service

legalize dwellings that are build conform the building-regulations could be hired by amount of sqaure-meters.

advantages of prefabricated elements: - high construction-quality; - quick move-in times; - cheap production by fabricate large amount of elements at one time; disadvantages of prefabricated elements: - transport and assemble in bad infrastructure

critera of the parts: - the kit of parts must not be easely removable; - materials must be cheap and they must be capable of working on a small footprint; - a kit that can be disassembled will be sold for scrap on a second (illegal) trading market.

private stairs

- dwelling not expandable without losing privacy

gallery

- suitable for incremental growth - takes a lot of space - expensive construction element

staircase

- suitable for incremental growth - compact construction element

Renewal process

_move out inhabitants and demolish dwellings

_supporting structure built by the community under supervision

Renewal process implemented

_add infrastructure and services [sewage, electricity]

_supporting structure filled in by community

_the column with access and service ensures stability

_inhabitants move in, next dwellings will be demolished

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STRATEGIC INCREMENTAL RENEWAL OF HELIOPOLIS

view01 | perspective showing the public space of the passage

section AA | 1:200 0

section BB | 1:200

Urban plan | 1:200 0

H APP Y S TR EET

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STRATEGIC INCREMENTAL RENEWAL OF HELIOPOLIS

view02 | perspective showing the collective space of the rooftop Building structure

40cm

Principles

Floor plan prototype | 1:100

Sheltering/ Sustainable technologies

view03 | overview neighborhood

Kit of parts Solar panel [standard]

natural water filter [standard]

Solar water heater [standard]

balcony [option]

Street light [standard]

Fire stairs [standard]

Adjustable canopy [standard]

metal window shutters [option]

sunscreen [option]

Barbecue [option]

entry stairs [existing dwellings]

green wall [option]

Tiles/ paint [option]

Trees/ plants [option]

Sustainable technologies

Structural elements

Climate control mechanisms

Accessories/ beautification

P5 heliopolis - Tim Poppe

location: brasil - sao paulo - heliopolis

brazil surface surface water inhabitants inhabitants/km² GDP per capita (2010) in USD

The Netherlands 8.514.877 km² 0.65% 198.739.269 23,3 $11.769,-

sao paulo (municipality)

surface surface water inhabitants inhabitants/km² GDP per capita (2010) in USD

1523 km² 11.316.149 7216

surface inhabitants inhabitants/km²

41.528 km² 18% 16.743.131 403 $42.183,-

Amsterdam (municipality) surface inhabitants inhabitants/km²

219 km² 791.233 3608

Amsterdam West surface inhabitants inhabitants/km²

Heliopolis 9 km² 130.000 14.444

surface inhabitants inhabitants/km²

1,3 km² 190.000 146.154 (10x Adam West)

analysis - HELIOPOLIS

Main Streets width quality change needed

7-9m profile distance good redesign infrastructure

P5 Heliopolis: city for the people, by the people

inside housing blocks width quality change needed

0,8-4m profile distance bad overall quality bad

Housing in main streets width quality change needed

dimensions good cosmetic upgrade

Greenery

width quality change needed

scattered bad, in need of inprovement more space for greenery

public space

width quality change needed

from overgrown village to urban neighbourhood

scattered average more public space in dense areas needed

playgrounds width quality change needed

scattered bad, almost no space to play more play fields

densifying heliopolis • Rebuilding the bad quality housing in heliopolis we will create the possibility to rebuild and densify the existing housing structure

tutor

• Keeping the self built city as part of the identity of Heliopolis • Give the options to upgrade existing housing

Rogier van den Berg

student Tim Poppe

assignment

Studio Heliopolis will work on the Favela Heliopolis in São Paulo.

upgrade existing road structure

Over 120.000 people live in Heliopolis. The living conditions of Heliopolis’ people vary from slum-like dwellings to middle class housing. The settlement consists out of illegal and legal self-built constructions which alltogether form an organic, medieval urban tissue.

• Keeps the identity of Heliopolis as a city • Upgrades the quality of the street, providing more greenery, space for cycling and better pedestrian areas

• Connections into housingblocks need to improve by adding new streets

With the rise of Brazil and São Paulo’s economy the government sets the ambition to offer all inhabitants proper housing conditions. This goes together with rehousing strategies, demolition of existing structures and the creation of new collective housing blocks, sometimes within but often also outside Heliopolis. This studio will research in what way the ambition to improve the living conditions of the people of Heliopolis could be used to create a new urban quality within Heliopolis itself without the removal of people. Architectonic interventions will be developed for and with the people of Heliopolis.

add public functions + public space • Defining public space by creating enclosed public functions will prevent

This collective enterprise asks for a clear vision on what you as a designer should provide in this renewal process and how other people and parties can add to that.

illegal built housing

• Creating communal areas, maintained by the connected houses will give inhabitants open areas. These areas could provide in exercise areas, urban gardens of small playgrounds

options to rebuild SEHAB Social housing

MUTIRAO appartments

0-2 income: relocation to social housing

• • • • •

• SELF BUILD appartment blocks • MUNICIPALITY provides in building plots • MUNICIPALITY leases ground to inhabitants, inhabitants have right to build and

2-5+ income: mutirÃo housing project

SEHAB builds appartments on Petrobras area (present planned area) SEHAB builds appartments in heliopolis SEHAB charges rent for apparments, doesn’t sell GOVERNMENT supports low income with housing benefit MUNICIPALITY provides infrastrucure

own built property

• MUTIRAO participants get TEN YEARS without lease of ground • MUNICIPALITY provides advise and schooling in building with quality demands • MUNICIPALITY provides infrastrucure

• MOST families earn enough to participate in Mutirao project • Government supports in investment by low-rent loan for building materials • MUNICIPALITY leases ground to inhabitants, inhabitants have right to build and own built property.

• MUTIRAO participants get TEN YEARS to pay back loan (after that ground lease starts)

P5 heliopolis - Tim Poppe

rules of new development

ESTIMATED INHABITANTS HOUSING BLOCK

dwelling that need rebuilding

ESITMATE to density heliopolis

extending to petrobras area

borders of housing blocks are good in size borders of housing blocks are good in apearance inside area in housing blocks is bad in quality and bad in size inside area is going to be rebuilt completely

190.000 inhabitants / 1,3 km² is: 1.461,53 inh/ha surface to be rebuilt (this block) : 0,7693 ha 0,7693 x 1.461,53 = 1124 inh 1124 / 3 persons per family = 375 families

petrobras area is 15,7 ha

ESITMATE to COUNTED PLOTS 127 plots 127 x 3 families = 381 families

HOUSING BLOCKS • MUNICIPALITY UPGRADES EXISTING ROAD STRUCTURE

2 ha is relocated to 1 ha petrobras density 300 units per hectare

• • • •

RELOCATION

HELIOPOLIS IS VALUED AS URBAN STRUCTURE MUNICIPALITY INVESTS IN PUBLIC FUNCTIONS GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS HOUSING BENEFITS GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TEMPORARY RELOCATION WITH HOUSING BENEFITS

needed density

GOAL: rebuild 380 appartments 380 x 50m² = 19.000 m² 7693 m² x 0,4 (40% effective surface) = 3077,2 m² 17.100 / 3077,2 = 6,1 --> 6 floor minimum Mutirao 4-5 floors Social housing 4-5 floors (3077,2 x 4 floors) / 190 (1%) = 65%

17.100 / 3077,2 = 5,6 --> 6 floor minimum Mutirao 4-5 floors 60-70% stays in own area 15,7 ha ground: density petrobras area: 300 units / ha 12 ha build - 3,7 ha park possible relocation: 3600 families

creating streets

relocating 50% - create site

Mutirao hotel - social housing • MUNICIPALITY PROVIDES TEMPORARY

• MUTIRAO APPARTMENTS DO NOT PAY GROUND LEASE FOR 10 YEARS

• NEW APPARTMENT RENTED FROM SEHAB, SUPPORT BY GOVERNMENT

• NO GROUND LEASE, THEREFORE NO INVESTMENT BY INHABITANTS

• INHABITANTS TAKE CARE OF COMMUNAL AREA • SET % OF PLOT IS COMMUNAL/PRIVATE SPACE • BUILDING ENTRANCE TO GROUND OR COMMUNAL SPACE

MUTIRAO appartments • TEMPORARY RELOCATION IS RENTED, SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT

• BUILDING MATERIALS ARE SELF BOUGHT • DEVELOPMENT 2-4 PLOTS TO PRESERVE DIVERSE PLOTS

• RESELLING RESULTS IN LOSING GROUND LEASE PRIVILEGES

• SET % OF APPARTMENT IS COMMUNAL/PRIVATE OPEN SPACE

• NEW DEVELOPMENT MUST BE DONE TO QUALITY RULES

• BUILDING ENTRANCE TO GROUND OR COMMUNAL SPACE

rebuiling housing block - phases

existing housing

mutiraotel - builders housing

relocating - creating mutirao site

mutiraotel - social housing

mutirÃo building project to rebuild heliopolis MutirÃo building projects now

MutirÃo to create a builders community

three choices - rebuilding heliopolis

government supports by building the MutirÃo hotel

people that are now living in affected area choose between:

the mutirÃo hotel is a building where the families live and build together

1. relocation to a different area

the building communities transform heliopolis from an overgrown village to an urban neighbourhood

2. temporary relocation and return to heliopolis in social housing

after the building projects finish the mutirÃo hotel transforms into social housing

3. mutirÃo - self built housing in heliopolis

the ground floor can transform into housing, small bussiness development or big commercial functions

P5 heliopolis - Tim Poppe

mutirĂ&#x192;(h)o-tel

P5 heliopolis - Tim Poppe

space - HELIOPOLIS - present

space - HELIOPOLIS - after mutirﾃバ projects

P5 heliopolis - Tim Poppe

mutirﾃバ appartment (hotel room) - 25m2

SOCIAL HOUSING - 50m2 facade - concrete structure filled with open bricks

mutirﾃバ hotel transforms into social housing small rooms transform. construction is reduced to a minimum, therefore different floorplans are possible the building can transform over the years into more luxurious housing or a school, an office, or a hotel again. SOCIAL HOUSING - 75m2

the facade can change. the well known bricks can be stacked in different ways defining the function behind it.

Intermediate space. Heliópolis, São Paulo

making new connections to: mix neighborhoods develop and optimize functions (living/work/ leisure) mix different people new streets give possibilities to:

Sao Paulo as an city of island; divided by topography, history and adminstrative borders

Sacoma area as an island in Sao Paulo; divided by infrastructure, functions and types of people (rich and poor)

development of Heliopolis; from closed of favela to open neighborhood

Heliópolis is a neighborhood grown from an illegal occupied favela, and still has a lot of characteristics of this favela structure. On almost one million square meters there are an roughly estimated amount of 190.000 people living. The growth from favela to neighborhood caused that the area is still an island in the city and is build almost to the maximum capacity of ground use. Main issues for the growing middle class population is the feeling that they aren’t part of the city and have a lack of (public) space. The intermediate space of Heliópolis is the space between people, between the city and the neighborhood, between indoors and outdoors. The space subject to change, making it from space to a place. Goal is to make Heliópolis a place of meaning in the city connected to the existing urban tissue of nearby neighbourhoods. This connection can be realised by making streets which open up the neighbourhood towards its borders. These cut-through streets are not only a functional street but offer pleasant streetlife by the functions which append to it. The creation of the connection streets is a process triggered by public spaces and functions which develop in specific places in Heliópolis.

current situation, Estr. das Lagrimas is ‘downtown’ Heliopolis

project p5 São Paulo / Mathé van Kranenburg

make new front- and backsides develop new buildings esthablish new shops give space for green/air/cooling remake watersystem (drinking/ sewer) remake electricitysystem provide emergency routes

The public places are created by removing bad quality housing in the bigger blocks. Instead of these houses new apartment blocks can be build which offer better housing and, even more important, a legalisation of the inhabitants. This is done by a combination of building new legal houses and giving ownership to people living in better quality houses fitting in the planning subdivision.Together with the new housing there is space kept open to build a public function, like a sports area, theatre, pocket park and other. This function attracts more people and the blocks around offer space for entrepreneurs to establish a business which both use the public space and adds function to it. This ensures the public space is usable during the whole day.

current block

open space is private, necessary to reach the houses

intervention 1

removal of bad quality houses within block. Keeping the houses that are in good quality and build in planning subdivision.

intervention 2

placing a public function with own public space and building new appartments Legalisation process by ownership of new apartments (‘Casa Legal’ program).

further process

new possibilities for residents to start a business (shop, restaurant) with a connection to the public space

praça de actividades Praça de actividades, activity square, is currently an closed off, dense housing block in the middle of Heliópolis with a large amount of bad quality houses. Here, the process of removing unsafe housing offers place for both new housing and public space is put into place. The first removal of houses result in space to walk through the block, space for a small soccer field and a new block of housing and commercial space in the floor connected to both street and public space. The created space also makes further removal of bad quality houses in the middle of the block possible, these houses are replaced by good quality houses. Towards the public space more commercial functions develop, such as bars, restaurants and a variety of shops. These entrepeneurs also contribute in dthe development of the public space. For example the bars which can make terraces when they make paving an plant trees which also provide shadow. When the new buildings are realised the public space in surrounded by both new and existing buildings with commercial functions on street lever. The streets connected to the activity square also develop under influence of the growing amount of people using the square and surrounding functions. A new heart for the neighbourhood is created. terrace for bar/restaurant

project p5 São Paulo Mathé van Kranenburg

soccer field (day) party area (evening)

place for trees and growing food

praça da escola Praça de escola, schoolyard, is located between the housing of Heliópolis and a left over green space besides the water treatment facility. The place offers a great chance to use this green space as a park for the inhabitants of Heliópolis. The schoolyard can function as an connection as well as good public space. First, space behind the school is developed to a schoolyard for the children of the school. Then some houses are removed to ensure a connection from the street to this schoolyard. In the space behind the houses, currently unusable space because of dense housing on the street, a new public function develops. This function could be a theater which starts out connected and used by the school. This can develop to a function for evening programme, such as a cinema and gets an bar which develops outside space. After the places for the schools and the connection to the street a break-through towards the green area is made by a stair which also functions as outside classroom by placing concrete blocks on the slope. The all day use of the place ensures a safe and pleasant outside environment and attracts more people.

project p5 São Paulo Mathé van Kranenburg

public green area

school yard

outside classroom / theatre

park area

R u a F l o r e s t a l / R u a Tr ê s d e M a i o 2012

lots of open space which is privatly owned public facilities rarely use outside space bigger functions and businesses concentrated at Estr. das Lágrimas smaller businesses also in connection roads of Heliópolis

system of magnets and connecting streets

2015

using excisting space around schools for public space, attracting more people outdoors

The new places developed in the neighbourhood will function as magnets for people living in Heliópolis as well as for people from areas around. This leads to a development of streets leading to these places. One of these streets, the Rua Florestal / Rua Três de Maio, is an example of this. In time the street will change from functional traffic street towards a lively street which leads through Heliópolis connecting public space and public functions.

2020

opening first blocks with new (build) public function and public space connecting Heliópolis to space near water treatment facility new commercial oppurtunities by creating public space new build of appartments to legalize living in Heliópolis

The pleasant public space will attract more people which will attract more public and commercial functions in the streets leading to these places. In the neighbourhood there are, According to the Heliópolis’ Business Association, there are 3,000 commercial establishments, including bakeries, beauty salons, Internet cafes, bars and grocery stores. That is an average of 1 establishment per 63 persons. In Amsterdam this is approximately 1 establishment per 14 persons (cbs; 2010), even with much bigger shops than the small scale market of Heliópolis. There is much room for growth of commercial functions and this can take place in the streets where there is more activity because of the public functions.

development of public space under the influence of public functions

2025

opening more blocks with new (build) public function and public space new commercial oppurtunities by creating public space new build of appartments to legalize living in Heliópolis public spaces and functions growing towards each other

public space, functions and connections

2030

existing public builidings new public space new public buildings/programme new commercial opportunities new housing existing private outdoor space

project p5 São Paulo / Mathé van Kranenburg

development of entrepeneurs along the streets

The existing and new entrepreneurs along the streets are an essential part in creating a vibrant street atmosphere. A new street profile for the 8meter wide streets offers more space for pedestrians and green. The commercial establishments have an opportunity to make terraces. The streets becomes livelier, more attractive, more inviting and safer. public function

In time HeliĂłpolis becomes an attractive place for the city with good connections and a lively atmosphere on streets and public spaces. A better place for the inhabitants and a enjoyable place in Sao Paulo.

Analysis existing main streets inside Heliopolis

supply shop

bar / restaurant

services food shop

new street profile with safe pedestrian zones

1 Rua do Flamengo

2 Rua Florestal

3 Rua Dona Gertrudes

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;safe zoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

existing and new street elevational view with sidewalk as terrace and showroom of entrepeneurs

street

recognizable (colored pavement?) zone which connects public space for pedestrians.

functional for car use place for parking where possible

created and maintained by municipality together with the community

maintained by municipality

P 5 STUDIO SAO PAULO Ramon Scharff

Marcello São Paulo SEHAB

Erico São Paulo ECO URBIS

Frank Switserland FREITAG

Marcello will invest in the waste burning plant next to Heliopolis. On the roof of this plant we will make an big park for the people in Heliopolis. We will also build new houses at the boarder of the park.

Erico is the CEO of Eco Urbis. Together with the SEHAB they move people to the new houses at the SABESP sight. On the free plots they create multifunctional trash-collecting points.

Frank is an account manager for FREITAG. He invested in an trash collection point in heliopolis and found some local people who want to make products from the trash they collecting.

KG Donaldo Heliopolis Waste-burning plant

Carlos Heliopolis Recycle Expert

Javier Heliopolis Waste man

Henrique Heliopolis Trash truck driver

Carlos Heliopolis Entrepreneur

Donaldo works now in the Waste burning plant. He sorts trash in the factory and ensures that the trash will be inside the hot burning oven.

Carlos is educated to be a Recycle expert. He got education in how to manage waste and knows the do’s and dont’s with waste. He can educate others

Javier was forced to deal in drugs. With the new local collection points he manages the waste in his street and sorts it out for the factory and locals.

Henrique was possible to get a job as trash truck driver. He drives daily through Heliopolis to get the trash from the collection points.

Carlos lives at the Estrada das Lagrimas. He had an non used garage at the ground floor. With the help of FREITAG he is possible to make bags and sell them

The Dantes Heliopolis Family

Gabriella Heliopolis Mother of 4 children

Apollo Heliopolis Constructor

Marina Heliopolis Mother of 3 children

Paulo Inhabitant Heliopolis Recycles materials self

Pablo Ipiranga Young proffesional

Rebecca São Paulo Trendwatcher

The Dantes family is very happy with the new park at the boarder of Heliopolis. In the free time they go there and the kids can play.

Gabriella has to watch on every R$ they have. To spend less money she brings the trash to an collection points and collects Recycle-points for free energy.

Apollo is a local contructor. He brings al his building waste to the collection points. When he brang enough waste he can trades his points for new recycled materials.

Marina is very happy with the development of the waste collecting. Now her kids can play safe and free on the street. Without chances of illness.

Paulo doesn’t want to work with investors or other parties. He gets his waste from the local collection points and recycles the materials by himself.

Pablo is a young proffesional from Ipiranga. He thinks about also opening a recycle shop at the Estrada das Lagrimas. Because of the people in Heliopolis.

Rebecca is a trendwatcher in Sao Paulo. She heard about the fancy place at the Estrada das Lagrimas. She buys her recycles trenditems over there.

_Recycle Heliopolis. The trash problem. 01 Heliopolis

02 The Waste Problem

Heliopolis is the largest favela in Sao Paulo. In total, 190,000 people live on one square kilometer. The favela is a place where people build their houses while this is not their land. They therefore verde rgeen rights to the place where they are. they are not “legally” in this place there. They are therefore not recognized by the church. The district has a high density. This means that so many people live together and that there is virtually no public space for people to come together or to recreate. The favela has a number of attractive features. It lies on a hill next to a water treatment company. In addition, it borders on one side even on a busy main road.

This way every day by a lot of people use because there quite a few bus routes passing through. Furthermore there is an interesting phenomenon in favelas and places where they are not legally resides. Namely the informal market. This is the market so for people who are not enrolled anywhere. Meanwhile there must be something to happen or change in Heliopolis. More and more people and the living conditions are sometimes not okay. Dirty streets, narrow lanes, no clean drinking water and other nuisance around you. Favelas in Brazil seen as something ‘dirty’ you’d rather not, you want to know anything about where and annoying people. But still a favela many features to create a new socio-economically attractive place to be.

In addition to the circumstances of how many people live together in one square kilometer, there is a large daily recurring problem in the district. The problem which everyone contributes, namely waste! Waste zweft everywhere on the streets. Sometimes in concentrated areas on the edge of the area or just in the front yard of someone. Waste is a problem, a big problem. The current situation is as follows; Sao Paulo pulls no waste in the favelas. For them, these people because they are not registered in a fixed residence. Meanwhile, there are a number of collection sites created in Heliopolis. At the edges of the favela. At the most illogical places, where no one comes along quickly or where the people a long, long way to walk.

03 Possible Systems In Brazil’s waste anyway a big problem. They know not what they do with the waste to be or how they should handle. Because nothing happened. This means that there are two options for waste in a heap outside the city or in a pit outside the city.

When people deliver their trash, they will receive ‘points’ when they have enough points they can trade them for materials, free energy etc. In this way we really make an whole micro-trash-economy inside Heliopolis.

They do not in brazil how you can go to waste and that waste is not only a burden but also a source of income can be. Get daily waste produced by anyone and can be an opportunity for the people of Heliopolis.

To think about how much waste is produced daily, per capita you produce about 1.5 kg of waste per day. For 190,000 inhabitants, this means so 285,000 kg of waste per day. For comparison, a 747 weighs 190,000 tonnes.

The waste burning plant will be made by the Sao Paulo community together with the SABESP (also a company of the state). Inside this waste burning plant the

company can burn waste from Heliopolis but also from the whole city. By burning the waste inside the plant you don’t have this unnescessary dumps at the side of the city. With burning waste you can generate energy wich can be use to power up the city lightning, metro’s or community buildings. It is also possible to sell the energy to the local people. Or in case of Heliopolis; people can collect ‘trash-points’ wich can give them the right to have a month of free energy if they bring their trash to the right location.

In this case we are talking about the high-end recycling of some resources. You can think about plastics, heavy metals, wood, paper etc. Inside Heliopolis and at the Estrada das Lagrimas there is the small recycling of materials. In the factories they can make new window frames, cardboard, resources for roads etc.

PEOPLE INVOLVED TRASH COLLECTING trading market move people collecting trash

TRASH CONCEPT

involved

good collection points

recycle system

collection system

Waar praten we over?! Heliopolis per dag; 190.000 inwoners 1,5 kg p.p.dag

trash local people education [R$] energy factory [R$] Recycle companies

TOTAAL: 285.000 kg afval per dag

The Dirty World Afvalzak 2,5 kg

Persoon 85 kg

Porsche 911 1.100 kg

Olifant 4.000 - 6.000 kg

System

education

Boeing 747 190.000 kg

Input The Clean World

jobs local economy [R$] educated people cheap energy [R$] warm water recycled materials [R$] cleaner streets better enviroment market of recycled goods [R$] collecting of trash higher quality houses Output

Afvalopslag (permanent)

1. Afvalberging in gat in de grond

2. Afvalberging op een hoop op de grond

3. Afval dat niet verwerkbaar is opslaan in opslag

4. Afval verbranding

Afvalopslag (tijdelijk)

1. Vuilniszak

2. Vuilnisbak

3. Vuilnismand

4. Kliko

5. Vuilcontainer

6. Stortcontainer

01 / 05

SMALL

P 5 STUDIO SAO PAULO Ramon Scharff

FASE 1 - Collecting / education

MEDIUM

- Supply an good collecting system - Transform local houses to trash points - Educate people about trash / recycling - Attract creatives for trash-art - Low-end recyling possibilities - Clean Streets - Better enviroment - Good communal area’s - More open / public space

FASE 2 - Trading / Micro economy / Creative

LARGE

- Give people the possibility to start their own company - Cheap places for entrepreneurs - Trash-art - Start micro economy with low-end reclyling (direct re-use) - Educated people can help and support others with building - Market place for trading, developing and creating - Co-create items with different disciplines - Self supporting area - Creativ place for all kinds of people - Trash = cash - Connection with Sao Paulo - Key from formal to informal

FASE 3 - Factory / High-end recycling

OUTPUT

INTERVENTION

INPUT

- Go on with the trash succes - Waste burning plant generates energy = money - Problem solving for the whole city - High-end recylcing in recycle factories - From micro economy to city scale - Improving Heliopolis with public space and housing - Local job supporting - Key from informal to formal - Example for Brazil

_Trash = Cash. The Chances. 04 Collection Points

05 Trash Boulevard

The collection points are points in the district to ensure that the waste will be picked up properly and that there is a place where the waste is facing allegations come.

form of a neighborhood cetrum, office, playground or something similar. I designed them now in 3 different Sizes S,M,L. Small for the places where only garbage man can come, Large for the places where the small carts can come and Large for the places where the trash trucks can drive. The ground floor is always trash collecting, the second en third floor can be places for the garbage mans to come together, education, communal area’s etc. etc. for example, the large houses can supply an inside soccer field, play area etc. The roofs are always for seen with an green roof garden to generate also an good public space for the Heliopolis people.

The collection points are multifunctional in nature. Indeed, there are several possibilities for the remaining floors to do. The collection points can be put down by various parties. They can be placed by the municipality or by a sponsor. The sponsor may adopt a pickup then the waste sorting for their importance. If a collection point adopted is then this means that the local entrepreneur who joins the company in advance all the waste gets what he meant. The collection points are diverse and are primarily a service for the neighborhood. This can take the

The Estrada das Lagrimas is the front face of Heliopolis. It is a busy road with a lot of traffic. At one side you have the backside of the other neighbourhood Ipiranga. Al the houses at that side ar faced with the back to the street. There is a big chance in this street. The people in Heliopolis can really have a step ahead in recycling products and creating new-fancy-things wich they can sell on this street. We will start in a part of the Estrada das Lagrimas. The streets are now 1.4 meters wide. There is only space for people to walk and not really any place for shops to exposure their products. To create some extra exposure space we will move some parking spaces at the side of the road to an nearby old gas station that is not used anymore. In this old gas station we can make some new

06 Waste Burning Plant parking spaces to compensate the ones we are taking away. On the new wider street we will create some fixed marketplaces to give the people in the shops a better exposure space. The marketplaces can be used during the day for exposure. In the evenings and nights the places can be used for the locals to have a drink or some kind of bbq on the street. This helps creating more liveliness on the streets and have a safe place during the day and night. When people start-up a franchise shop the house will be improved and they will have a new facede wich look more attractive. Also opening the groundfloors will give more open feeling to the pedestrians.

The waste burning plant inside the slope at the boarder of Heliopolis is the perfect location for this High-end sustainable machine. A lot of waste burning installations have a water cleaning company next to them. They can use the sewage sludge to burn in the waste plant. The sludge generates bio-gas and that improves the burning proces. The waste burning plant will be made by the Sao Paulo community together with the SABESP (also a company of the state). Inside this waste burning plant the company can burn waste from Heliopolis but also from the whole city. By burning the waste inside the plant you don’t have this unnescessary dumps at the side of the city. With burning waste you can generate energy wich can be use to power up the city lightning, metro’s or community buildings. It is also possible to sell the energy to the local people. Or in case of Heliopolis; people can collect ‘trash-points’ wich

can give them the right to have a month of free energy if they bring their trash to the right location. Besides the waste burning plant there are also some small factories wich will take care of the recycling proces of some different materials. In this case we are talking about the high-end recycling of some resources. You can think about plastics, heavy metals, wood, paper etc. Inside Heliopolis and at the Estrada das Lagrimas there is the small recycling of materials. In the factories they can make new window frames, cardboard, resources for roads etc. On top of the whole factory there is a new park situated. THE public space for the Heliopolis inhabitants.

Traditional Series | 13

Full throttle – even on public roads The Gator TE can be operated fully road legal which is unique in its category. (optional)

Super-quiet electric operation

Velocity 0-25 km/h (0-15 mp/h)

Zero emissions

Load capacity 409 kg

Road homologation (optional)

14. Sint - Niklaas -

4. Brugge 158.000 ton per jaar 45 MWh 3 burning-lines

7. Harelbeke

Golf courses Indoor areas

Local people Length: 1850 mm1 Width: 60 mm1 Height: 30 mm1

Capacity: 10.000 kg / 2 hrs.

Capacity: 750 kg / 1 hr.

Capacity: 1600 kg / day

kg/hr: 5000

kg/hr: 750

kg/hr: 200

brands: Volvo MAN DAF IVECO

brands: John Deere ISUZU

Use around horses/livestock, zoos

Description

Possible ussage:

5. Duiven 360.000 ton per jaar 31 MWh 3 burning-lines

12.

12. Roosendaal 67.000 ton per jaar 19 MWh 2 burning-lines

9. Houthalen Helchteren

15.

15. Weurt 550.000 ton per jaar 43 MWh 3 burning-lines

Turningcircles / accesebility 1 person in Sao Paulo Produces 1,5 kg trash a day Heliopolis counts 190.000 inhabitants Total per day: 285.000 kg trash

190.000 X

14.

Urban areas (e.g. pedestrian precincts)

Small Trucks / Carts Length: 3035 mm1 Width: 1570 mm1 Height: 1900 mm1

Existing slope

Afvalkorven - kunststof - UV resistent Measurements : 430 x 275 x H 520 mm Volume: 42 liter Average weight: 20 kg

3.800 X

Two-wheel plastic container - DIN norm Measurements : 480 x 555 x H 930 mm Volume: 120 liter Average weight: 75 kg

570 X

14.250 X

2. Amsterdam 860.000 ton per jaar 80 MWh 4 burning-lines

Industrial premises

Deluxe Cargo Box

Trash truck Length: 6800 mm1 Width: 4750 mm1 Height: 2850 mm1

Waste storage

Four-wheel plastic container - DIN-norm Measurements : 1360 x 1080 x H 1320 mm Volume: 1100 liter Average weight: 500 kg

Vervoer; Tankstation Garage

Bouw; Construction materialen tools

Levensmiddel; Supermarkt kleding schoenen electronica

Horeca; bar restaurant

One volume as high as slope

110 X

Molok-containers 5000 L. Measurements : 1700 x 1700 x H 2400 mm Volume: 5000 liter Average weight: 2600 kg

Splited - lifted road 0,8 m1

1,5 m1

8,4 m1

16,0 m1

Trash-Trading-Network Half build in slope

Closed circuit

Afval

Educatie

Commercieel

Bijeenkomst

Jong & Sport

Ecologie

Collectie Parkeerplaats Stalling Scheiding Kantoor / Pantry Kantine Omkleed Puntenloket

Muziek Afval Duurzaamheid Bouwen Basis-niveau Energie opwekking Recycling

Re-used material direct-re-use indirect-re-use Enrgy shop

Buurt-huiskamer Gemeenschappelijk Faciliteiten Community centre

Indoor voetbal Playground Urban Fitness

Buurttuin Daktuin Moestuin Vlindertuin

Double layer - lifted road

+$ -$

05 / 05

P 5 STUDIO SAO PAULO Ramon Scharff

2nd

1st

Ground floor

Roof

Small collection point (collecting-office-cantine)

Roof

Medium collection point (collecting-restaurant-terrace)

New collection point inside the Favela. Multifunctional place sponsored by investors or governmental parties.

Ground floor

1st

2nd

Upcycle companies

The System how to make multifunctional colletction points.

Connection

S達o Paulo

Clean Educated streets people

Jobs

Ground floor

1st

2nd

Roof

Large collection point (collecting-inside playground-information centre)

_Small Scale. Collection Points. 09 Clean Streets The collection points inside Heliopolis will generate a great socail cohessian. They will be the place where people will meet, learn, play and work. Inside these places there can be a lot of functions. Only the ground floor has to be reserved for the trash collection. The other floors can be used for different things. Depending on who will make the trash point you can think about the functions. For example; ECO URBIS can invest in a collection point. This means that there will be a trash collecting on the ground floor, on the first floor a cantine for the employees. On the second floor there can be an meeting room and office. On the roof top of al these trast collecting points there will be a place for roof gardens. These gardens can be vegetable gardens but also just public spaces for the people of Heliopolis to come

together. This is one of the things they dont have in the existing situation.

1. Existing situation (Public space)

2. Main roads

2. Roads accessible for trash trucks

4. Roadas accessible for small carts

5. Roads accessible for trash-mens

6. Possible collection points

To create free plots to make the collecting points, there will be new houses build on top of the waste burning plant. The people who want to move over there can choose for that and their old plot will be transformed to a trash collection point. The points can be made by the local community, ECO URBIS ot other private investors who have a relation with recycling. Think about companies as FREITAG, DROOG & RE-UZE. They can adopt a collection point and seperate the trash before it goes to the waste burning plan. They can search for materials wich they can use by themselfs to make new products.

Impression inside the Favela with possible location for an trash collecting point. More people on the streets busy with collecting the local waste.

05 / 05

P 5 STUDIO SAO PAULO Ramon Scharff

Estrada das Lagrimas

New Estrada das Lagrimas, more space on the street by moving parking places to next by parking area.

-$ Local Entrepreneur

The System to improve Estrada das Lagrimas.

Upcycle companies

Specified location. Start of improving Estrada das Lagrimas. Wider sidewalks, specifief bus stops and parking places

$ Improving

$ $

S茫o Paulo

Market / Connection

Heli贸polis

_Medium Scale. Trash Boulevard.

Section AA

1. Ipiranga Neighbourhood 2. Old Gas-station transformed to new parking place 3. Estrada das Lagrimas 4. Marketplace / exposure space 5. Existing Street 6. Heliopolis Houses

08 Connection with Sao Paulo The Estrada das Lagrimas is the front face of Heliopolis. It is a busy road with a lot of traffic. At one side you have the backside of the other neighbourhood Ipiranga. Al the houses at that side ar faced with the back to the street. There is a big chance in this street. The people in Heliopolis can really have a step ahead in recycling products and creating new-fancy-things wich they can sell on this street. We will start in a part of the Estrada das Lagrimas. The streets are now 1.4 meters wide. There is only space for people to walk and not really any place for shops to exposure their products. To create some extra exposure space we will move some parking spaces at the side of the road to an nearby old gas station that is

not used anymore. In this old gas station we can make some new parking spaces to compensate the ones we are taking away. On the new wider street we will create some fixed marketplaces to give the people in the shops a better exposure space. The marketplaces can be used during the day for exposure. In the evenings and nights the places can be used for the locals to have a drink or some kind of bbq on the street. This helps creating more liveliness on the streets and have a safe place during the day and night. When people start-up a franchise shop the house will be improved and they will have a new facede wich look more attractive. Also opening the groundfloors will give more open feeling to the pedestrians. 1. Roadmap with Heliopolis

Impression of Estrada das Lagrimas. Possible places with sponsored or non-sponsered shops. With market stands in fornt of the shops as an extra exposure space for their products.

2. Roadmap with Estrada das Lagrimas

3. Roadmap with Heliopolis & Ipiranga

4. Bus stops at Estrada das Lagrimas

04 / 05

P 5 STUDIO SAO PAULO Ramon Scharff

Heliopolis

Information point connection with routing

patio

view from rooftopgraden waste point

terrace

factory

waste collectinh

watercleaning area

offices

Section with Functions

Trasnformed Slope to Waste Power Plant include new public parc for the Heliopolis inhabitants

São Paulo Trash collection

Governmental investment

$ $ Houses

Public space / Park $

The System to develop the waste burning plant, with high-end recycling factories.

Jobs

Map of new Heliopolis park

Energy Materials

$ Facade impressions

_Large Scale. Waste Burning Plant. 07 To a Sustainable Society The waste burning plant inside the slope at the boarder of Heliopolis is the perfect location for this High-end sustainable machine. A lot of waste burning installations have a water cleaning company next to them. They can use the sewage sludge to burn in the waste plant. The sludge generates bio-gas and that improves the burning proces. The waste burning plant will be made by the Sao Paulo community together with the SABESP (also a company of the state). Inside this waste burning plant the company can burn waste from Heliopolis but also from the whole city. By burning the waste inside the plant you don’t have this unnescessary dumps at the side of the city. With burning waste you can generate energy wich can be use to power up the city lightning, metro’s or community buildings. It is also possible to sell the

energy to the local people. Or in case of Heliopolis; people can collect ‘trash-points’ wich can give them the right to have a month of free energy if they bring their trash to the right location.

1. Entrances from Heliopolis

1. Routing for Trucks

1. Factories inside the area (inside the slope)

4. New Landscape on roof of factories

5. New houses at boarder of Heliopolis. Trash collecting on roof (direct re-using in factory)

6. Upcoming extensions of the factories. Connection from the park to the factory.

Besides the waste burning plant there are also some small factories wich will take care of the recycling proces of some different materials. In this case we are talking about the high-end recycling of some resources. You can think about plastics, heavy metals, wood, paper etc. Inside Heliopolis and at the Estrada das Lagrimas there is the small recycling of materials. In the factories they can make new window frames, cardboard, resources for roads etc. On top of the whole factory there is a new park situated. THE public space for the Heliopolis inhabitants.

03 / 05

Heliopolis

mentor: Rogier van den Berg Mateja Ĺ˝eleznik

UPGRADE PACK 2.0 LOCATION

FAVELA HELIOPOLIS Favela Heliopolis has many problems. The most obvious are huge density, lack of public space and green areas. Because of these reasons also the road connections are poor or they even donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t exist. Because of this my focus in this project was mainly on how to improve living conditions as well as public space. The current living conditions are determined by excessive density (5m2/person), poor and unstable building constructions, low quality materials (lack of insulation), lack of toilets and bathrooms and insufficient light conditions. In response of this, I made a proposal of a new housing system, that would solve the basic problems, but is in the same time also more flexible against the surrounding and adaptable. Bad parts of the existing housing tissue will be step by step replaced with new housing facilities, that will offer safe and durable construction, sufficient communications (stairs), electricity, water access and enough m2 per person. This is the part, that the government has to ensure. The residents have to participate by the construction, hired workers are there just to supervise them and assist.

Sao Paulo

favela Heliopolis

Facade, interior walls and the main layout are left to the people, which can organize according to their needs. For the infill they can use recycled material from old buildings or eco bricks, which they can produce by themselves (the government also organizes free courses concerning the manufacture of bricks). material from the existing buildings will be in this way reused as much as possible. With this kind of sealing we assure the same housing density, while in the same time leave a possibility of further construction on the roof. For the new, upgraded Heliopolis, we predict a waste incineration plant, which will produce electricity and with which will the Governement on long-term repay the building costs.

NOW lack of green areas and public space

unsafe construction and bad materials

no light

lack of water acess

density

FUTURE

public space with green areas

safe construction quality materials

sun light

water and electricity acess per unit

more privat space

FINANCE MANAGEMENT 1.1 sq. km 190.000 inhabitants >> 5 sq.m per person gouvernement pays a construction

167 763 sq. m 144 898 sq.m-built up area 33 552 inhabitants >>86.3 % housing 13.7% public

inhabitants pay electricity and water supply back to gouvernement

CONTENT OF PACK

inhabitants get free construction, connections and industrialized sanitary and kitchen models indoor walls and fasade have to be build by their own-they can reuse and recycle materials from old structure.

RECYCLING

-free materials -waste incinerators produce electricity -recycling and collecting spots

BUILDING PROCES step by step

high density, small units,no connections inside, no light >>SLUM CRITERIA >>they can apply for new housing connections

CATALOG min 12 sq,m per person

4x4=16 sq.m

CONSTRUCTION

6X6=36 sq.m

4X6=24 sq.m

6x7.5=45 sq.m

6x12=72 sq.m

-concrete pillars 0.25x0.25 -concrete beams 0.25x0.25 -concrete slaps -modular prefabricated kitchen & sani-tary unit -modular prefabricated stairs

PUBLIC&PRIVAT AND COLLECTIVE SPACE public space

public green areas

collective green areas

privat space

63% housing 37% green areas with SAME DENSITY (we can get higher density, because they can built on the roof)

PUBLIC&PRIVAT GROUND FLOOR recycling & collecting space storage

collective gardens

PRIVAT FLOORS outdoor connections, sanitary moduls

UPGRADE FINISHED...

MAKING CITY WITH WATER

Brasil - metropolitan region São Paulo - São Paulo municipality Auke Wissing

This project is a design proposal for one of Sao Paulo’s largest favela’s: Heliopolis. This design proposal does not only include a new possible future in image but also consists a transformation strategy. The main goal of this strategy is to raise up the neighborhood to a higher environmental standard. Within this proposal the poor living conditions are challenged, as is the annual problem concerning heavy rainfalls. Hereby the project is directly related to the larger challenges regarding insufficient housing and water related problems of Sao Paulo. The strategy holds for a self-organising and constructing community. Essentially the main intervention is about creating open space at spots where living conditions are worst. By smart positioning of these new open spaces new areas for water storage will appear. The new open spaces will be assigned as community gardens with agricultural allocation. I believe in the selforganising- and building capabilities of the local people of the favela. Historically the people have resolved in their housing needs through their own means, without public or private finance, technical assistence or secure land tenure. I propose the local people to organise themselves in a cooperative for group self-construction. This cooperation will act as a legal entity, which makes it possible to contract or hire people formally. The cooperation will attract attention of local authorities and will make collaboration more easy. This collaboration is needed, as the cooperation depends on local authorities, concerning for instance road and water infrastructure. FROM INFORMAL TO FORMAL OWNERSHIP Favelas are known as irregular settlements in which inhabitants do not have ownership title. Heliopolis has once been built in a public park at the boarder of the city but is nowadays situated not far from the city centre. The city has become a metropolitan area where more then 20 million people live, work, travel, eat en recreate. Heliopolis is suddenly situated in the middle of a booming city and economy. A part of Heliopolis’ people climb up the social and economic ladder but they lack formal ownership of their property. Therefore they are not able to create value. They don’t pay mortgage and for services (for instant electricity) they depend on illegal organisations who benefit of the lack of interest of local politicians. In the transformation strategy the formal authorities will be requested for legalising property of people that are involved in the transformation proces within the neighborhood. The property can be offered as collateral for loans, which facilitates the achievement of improvements in the property. A NEW PUBLIC SPACE As new open space is being created for the sake of water storage and living quality the neighborhood has to densify within its limits. This densifying proces is a challenge, as the existing urban fabric is very dense already. New dwellings will be built on top of existing dwellings and in particular; dwellings that are in good constructural conditions. To trigger these people to participate, legalised property is within reach. Not everyone can and will be situated within the existing urban fabric, but the number of relocations outside the favela, as taking part of the social housing program (such as COHABs) can be decreased substantially. In the process 80% BUILT AREA of transformation of an urban block,HELIOPOLIS new buildingsFOR will be constructed next to the new public space: the community gardens. The gardens will be owned by a communal cooperation, of which individual members can apply for an individual plot. The cooperation will take care of communal interests, such as storage space, materials, garden equipment and maintenance off the quality of the gardens in general. The main goal is to engage people in taking care over this new agricultural land. When people connect to the scarse public space and the value is recognised by all, the risk of illegal occupation will be avoided.

project P5

study urban design

teacher Rogier van den Berg

WITH MORE THEN 100.000 INHABITENTS ONE OF SAO PAULO’S LARGERST FAVELA’S

Brasil 194 million GDP (Gross domestic product)

Metropolitan Area of São Paulo 22 million 9% of the national GDP

BAD LIVING CONDITIONS

FLOODS WITH HEAVY RAINFALL

240mm

Heliopolis ± 100.000 + 22 / day 1.5 km2 1.8 m2 / person public space 8.9 m2 / person private space

LACK OF WATER SUPPLY

HELIOPOLIS FOR 80% BUILT AREA

The community gardens have different means. In first it improves the quality of life substantially for people who live next to it. In second, the open space will create possiblities in terms of food supply, creating an income and employment. In third, the open space will function as a natural infiltration bassin, and thereby decrease the amount of water running of the hills. Overall it will contribute to an environmental sustainable urban community. The new structure follows its own direction, crossing streets and thereby offering a new, safe routing, free of cartraffic. On the level of the favela it connects public program like schools, churches and a sportsaccomodation. When the large empty plots, next to the favela, will also be in use as food production area’s, a complete production landscape can appear.

20.11.2012

. bad living conditions, especially in the core (lack acces (safety), daylight and orientation) . dwellings don’t have an adres, informal status . lack public space

80%

. Heliopolis is being built for 80%

40mm

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

1 hour

62 mm = more rain in 1 hour than in average of the month juli

May

Jun

1 day

144 mm

Jul

Aug

Sep

Okt

Nov

16 days

Dec

Water is pumped upstream to keep the level of the basins stable

352 mm = Record rain Sao Paulo since 1947

Measured in Januari 2011 when heavy floods threated Sao Paulo

$ WAT ERF LOW

CREATING OPEN SPACE AND STORE WATER LOCALLY

WATERRELATED PROBLEMS

INTRODUCING A WATER BUFFER

MOST PROBLEMATIC AREAS CONCERNING LIVING CONDITIONS

OPEN URBAN BLOCK FOR WATER BUFFERING AND IMRPOVE WATER TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ON STREETLEVEL

HOW TO MAKE THIS POSSIBLE Historically the people have resolved in their housing needs through their own means, without public or private finance, technical assistence or secure land tenure. I suggest the local people to organise themselves in a cooperative for group self-construction. Involved people are coop-member and hereby have the right to democraticly set new policy and elect a board and the necesarry commissions. A construction works commission will be responsible for organisation of construction workers, the purchase and administration of materials. The mobilization commission is responsible to supervise and coordinate the social activities.

A GROUP OF PEOPLE IN HELIOPOLIS

+ STIMULATE ECONOMY . creating jobs and work for local suppliers an construction companies + EDUCATION PROGRAM . management cooperation members . construction education

CITY DEPARTMENTS SEHAB AND COHAB . as formal authority the State Department can officially legalise property . official property documents will be adjudged to resident that can prove a minimum five-year tenure . the housing departments can offer building assistence/support to the cooperative

CONSTRUCTION WORK COMMISSION . organizing construction workers . purchase and administration of materials . governmental support for investment by low-rent loan for building materials

LOCAL PEOPLE FORM A COOPERATIVE FOR GROUP SELF-CONSTRUCTION . cooperative housing production through participative management and mutual aid . a democratic community where residents make desicions on how the cooperation operates MOBILISATION COMMISSION . mobilization and organisation of the families, using base groups (linked to churches and social movements)

MUNICIPALITY . municipality leases ground to the coop people, the built property will be owned by the local people . the cooperatives area is defined by it’s members . the members select a board and decide how transformation will take place

LEGAL ENTITY NGO’s . concerning life and health conditions a NGO might subsidy particular projects of the cooperative or financially support the poorest people

CESP (Companhia Energética de São Paulo) . electricity infrastructure . they can offer technical assistence in the transformation and building proces

SABESP WATER TREATMENT COMPANY . concerning water and sewage infrastructure . investment in water storage capacity and water transportation locally is in interest of the city

TEST ON URBAN BLOCK

TRANSFORMATION IN PHASES

HOW TO DENSIFY IN A ‘DENSE’ AREA?

. starting a community ‘place’ where the cooperatives members can come together en discuss about their future . this community place can be an art project . pilot project

. densify on top of existing dwellings at the edge . only dwellings in good constructional condition and with a minimal size of 40 m2 are being considered . existing dwellings can be upgraded . new dwellings preferably get their own entrance

minimal size of 40 m2

. legalisation of existing property

. use of existing acces for construction works 1 2

3 1 . concerning the amount of participants transformation at once is an enormous task

. new roofs can be added for increasing water storage capacity . encouraging implementing this solution by subsidies

+ improve indoor comfort by reducing heat transfer + reduce and slow stormwater runoff + insulation for building, which reduces heating and cooling demands 1

DEFINE WHICH DWELLINGS HAVE TO BE REMOVED . around 50 families involved (1/3 of total to relocate families)

POSSIBLE TRANSFORMATION

RELOCATE FAMILIES WITHIN URBAN BLOCK AND REMOVE OLD DWELLINGS

NEW POSSIBLE PROGRAMM . supermarket . bar . community space . storage place (community farm) TOTAL BUILDING TASK

NEW DWELLINGS CAN BE ADDED IN THE NEW CREATED OPEN SPACE . 25% of the total ‘plot’ will be open space

25%

150 50 (30%) 60 (40%) 50 (30%)

. . . .

demolish relocate in block (on top) new built (facades) Petrobras area (SEHAB)

FROM COMMUNITY GARDENS ... COMMUNAL GARDEN COOPERATION New created open space will be assigned as agricultural land and owned by a communal garden cooperation.

The land will be divided into small plots, for which every member of the coop can apply. A modest fee is paid in exchange with services as use of storage space / materials / garden equipment.

The size of a plot is 25 m2, which makes it possible for 50% of the-coop members to grow their own fruits and vegetables. Another possibility is to make money by selling products to the small local supermarket.

Combining plots of different families is possible to a max of 4 plots. When people lack in their maintenance or use it in a different way (like a personal garden) the cooperation can discharge them.

service

Food for local market

25 m2

80 plots available (50 % of involved families)

Food for private use

NEW STRUCTURE OF PUBLIC SPACE . street vs. communal garden: slow movement vs. fast movement . adding quality in terms of open space, accessibility and daylight . alleys will connect the gardens with the streets and give acces to the new dwellings at streetside

29m

MULTI USE WATERTANK

SOCIAL CONTROL

NEW TYPOLOGY IN BETWEEN PRIVATE & PUBLIC

COMMUNITY PLACE CAN TRANSFORM IN BAR / DANCING POSSIBILITY FOR NEW EMPLOYMENT

PUMPING THE WATER UP BY PLAYING

COMMUNITY GARDENS

WATERSTORAGE DURING HEAVY RAINFALLS

IMPLEMENT NEW WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

. during heavy rainfall, the water will flow to the bassin and watertank . new constructed rooftops can be used for extra water storage

. new dwellings will be connected to the grey-water re-use system

. capacity watertank: 350m3 . capacity underground watertank: 850m3

TOTAL CAPACITY (STORAGE & INFILTRATION)

RAINFALL (16 DAYS)

1904 M3 3520 M3 FOOD

STORAGE IN TANKS

1200 M3

RAINFALL (1 DAY)

1440 M3

INFILTRATION 704 M3

SUSTAINABLE CIRCLES AROUND NEW LAND MARKS . rain water collection for gardening and grey water re-use . watertank as a new element of recognition

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY . internal structures can be used to implement a new network of paths . this network depends on local available space and building structure . dwellings will have acces in two directions (safety) . new dwellings at street side will have acces from the new core of the housing block . at some places densifying will not only take place at the edges but also inside

FOOD

REFILL OF WATERTANKS

GUTTERS WIL TRANSPORT THE WATER TO THE STORAGE TANKS

GARDENS GO BLANK WHEN GUTTERS OVERFLOW

... TO A PRODUCTION LANDSCAPE ? STREET TYPOLOGIES

FRUIT

. implement / improve water transport system . for complementing the street network and thus bring orientation and clearness into the ‘favela’ experience, the urban fabric wil be cut at four places orange

lime

acerola

RICE

grain rice

HERBS

coriander

Transportation street

pepper

VEGIES

Exis ‘Housing’ street

tomatoes

DRY

coal

W ‘mini’ street coal

most problematic areas community gardens squares public building

lettuce

playground V

market place large size watertank small size watertank

bur cucumber

small onions