October 2021 Wetland Science & Practice by Society of Wetland Scientists

Wetland Science Practice published by the Society of Wetland Scientists

Vol. 38, No. 4 October 2021 ISSN: 1943-6254

FROM XXXXXXTHE EDITOR’S DESK Greetings to all! Hope you enjoyed your summer or winter or the last few months wherever you are. I must say that this summer was much better than last as we were allowed to travel and my wife and I took advantage of it. We’ve got an upcoming cycling trip to Greece that we’ve been training for. Some friends of ours have gone on these types of trips and enjoy them, so we’ve decided to give it a try. Hope to capture some scenic wetland shots during our late October trip. In the meantime, I prepared some material for this issue’s Notes Ralph Tiner from the Field section that I hope WSP Editor you’ll enjoy. It seems like I’ve reached the age where leaders in wetland conservation and science and some of my contemporaries are passing on (e.g., Rebecca Sharitz, Rob Brooks, Jon Kusler, Brij Gopal, Robin Lewis, M.L. Heinselman, among others). In this issue we pay our respects to Joy Marburger who served our Society in a few capacities (see tribute written by Beth Middleton). I also learned that Wade Hurt, soil scientist extraordinaire, has passed away. I worked with Wade on a couple of occasions as he was refining the field indicators of hydric soils. His contributions to wetlands were most significant from a practical standpoint and have helped improve wetland identification across the country. I understand that a tribute to Wade will soon be published by the Society of Soil Scientists of America. May they both rest in peace. Besides my contribution to Notes from the Field and the tribute to Joy, we have an article about how climate change is affecting mangroves in eastern Australia and one about Washington State’s Crowberry Bog – one of our Wetlands of Distinction, along with a notice of new research coming out of Bill Mitsch’s lab at Florida Gulf Coast University and from scientists in Peru. Also please note that the journal Land is preparing a special issue to commemorate the 25th anniversary of World Wetlands Day and has a call out for papers (see notice). We continue to encourage wetland scientists and practitioners to prepare summaries of their projects (e.g., research and wetland restoration initiatives) for publication in WSP. Also if you would like to write a short piece on the ecology of a wetland in your area or simply provide images for Notes from the Field, we welcome the contribution. Meanwhile if you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at ralphtiner83@gmail.com. Happy Swamping! n 252 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021

CONTENTS Vol. 38, No. 4 October 2021 ISSN: 1943-6254 252 / From the Editor’s Desk 253 / President’s Message 254 / Wetland Research 255 / Wetland Science

ARTICLES 256 / Wetlands and Climate Change: Climate Change is Threatening Mangroves Swapan Paul and Max Finlayson 259 / Wetlands of Distinction: Crowberry Bog (Olympic Peninsula, USA) Steffanie Munguía 262 / Notes from from the Field Ralph Tiner 268 / Wetlands in the News 269 / Wetland Bookshelf 271 / About WSP/Submission Guidelines COVER PHOTO: Understory of New England red maple swamp in the Fall. (Photo by Ralph Tiner)

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS Fellow SWSers, It has been an exciting time of change for the Society, as we welcome MCI USA as our new partner in association management to run SWS operations. First, I’d like to welcome MCI staff to SWS. Second, I’d like to thank the SWS Ways and Means Committee and the SWS ad hoc committee for their intense and essential work that went into considering our options in association management, writing a request for proposals, and evaluating multiple bids. Third, Gregory B. Noe, Ph.D. the SWS Executive Board has been working closely with MCI Florence Bascom to ensure an effective transition Geoscience Center, of services, and thanks to MCI’s U.S. Geological Survey experience and competence, I SWS President think it has gone very smoothly. If you have experienced any meaningful glitches or issues in SWS operations, please inform me and the Business Office (the email hasn’t changed: info@sws.org). The SWS Board of Directors has made several important decisions in the past few months. We formally agreed that our SWS 2024 Annual Meeting will be held in Taipei, Taiwan. We also have approved a brand new recognition: the annual Outstanding Educator Award. The Education Section led this effort to broaden our Society efforts to recognize wetland excellence. It amazes me the amount of progress that our Committees, Chapters, and Sections make all of the time. Their dedication to SWS is awesome and appreciated. Keep an eye out for more new initiatives. If you’d like to become more involved in these rewarding efforts, please reach out and we’ll engage you with a good opportunity. n SOCIETY OF WETLAND SCIENTISTS 1818 Parmenter St., Ste 300, Middleton, WI 53562 (608) 310-7855 www.sws.org

Wetland Science Practice PRESIDENT / Gregory Noe, Ph.D. PRESIDENT-ELECT / William Kleindle, Ph.D. IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT / Loretta Battaglia, Ph.D. SECRETARY GENERAL / Leandra Cleveland, PWS TREASURER / Lori Sutter, Ph.D. EXECUTIVE ADMINISTRATOR / Suzanna Hogendorn CONSULTING DIRECTOR / Michelle Czosek, CAE WETLAND SCIENCE & PRACTICE EDITOR / Ralph Tiner, PWS Emeritus CHAPTERS ASIA / Wei-Ta Fang, Ph.D. CANADA / Susan Glasauer, Ph.D. CENTRAL / Tim Fobes, PWS CHINA / Xianguo Lyu EUROPE / Matthew Simpson, PWS INTERNATIONAL / Ian Bredlin, Msc; Pr.Sci.Nat and Tatiana Lobato de Magalhães, Ph.D., PWS MID-ATLANTIC / Jason Traband, PWS, PMP, CBLP NEW ENGLAND / Dwight Dunk, PWS NORTH CENTRAL / Casey Judge, WPIT OCEANIA / Phil Papas PACIFIC NORTHWEST / Josh Wozniak, PWS ROCKY MOUNTAIN / Rebecca Pierce SOUTH ATLANTIC / Brian Benscoter, Ph.D. SOUTH CENTRAL / Jodi Murray Burns, PWS, Med, MS WESTERN / Richard Beck, PWS, CPESC, CEP SECTIONS BIOGEOCHEMISTRY / Beth Lawrence, Ph.D. EDUCATION / Darold Batzer, Ph.D. GLOBAL CHANGE ECOLOGY / Wei Wu, Ph.D. PEATLANDS / Bin Xu, Ph.D. PUBLIC POLICY AND REGULATION / John Lowenthal, PWS RAMSAR / Nicholas Davidson, Ph.D. STUDENT / David Riera WETLAND RESTORATION / Andy Herb WILDLIFE / Andy Nyman, Ph.D. WOMEN IN WETLANDS / Jennifer Karberg, Ph.D. COMMITTEES AWARDS / Siobhan Fennessy, Ph.D. EDUCATION AND OUTREACH / Jeffrey Matthews, Ph.D. HUMAN DIVERSITY / Kwanza Johnson and Jacoby Carter, Ph.D. MEETINGS / Yvonne Vallette, PWS MEMBERSHIP / Leandra Cleveland, PWS PUBLICATIONS / Keith Edwards WAYS & MEANS / Lori Sutter, Ph.D. WETLANDS OF DISTINCTION / Roy Messaros, Ph.D. Bill Morgante, Steffanie Munguia and Jason Smith, PWS REPRESENTATIVES PCP / Scott Jecker, PWS WETLANDS / Marinus Otte, Ph.D. WETLAND SCIENCE & PRACTICE / Ralph Tiner, PWS Emeritus ASWM / Jill Aspinwall AIBS / Dennis Whigham, Ph.D.

Note to Readers: All State-of-the-Science reports are peer reviewed, with anonymity to reviewers. Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 253

Remembering Dr. Joy Marburger Submitted by: Beth Middleton, U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA; middletonb@usgs.gov Joy Marburger passed away on July 19, 2021. An adjunct professor at Purdue University, she was retired from the St. Johns River Water Management District (Florida). She worked in all aspects of wetland genetics, wetland ecology, water quality, and tropical wetland ecology. Joy received her master’s degree from Bowling Green State University, and her Ph.D. in genetics from University of Maryland in the Department of Agriculture (https://www.researchgate. net/profile/Joy-Marburger). Her postdoc was completed at Utah State University. Joy’s passion for wetland ecology grew while she worked for Wetlands Research Inc in Lake County Illinois. Joy was a Peace Corps volunteer in Sierra Leone in the late 1970s where she taught biology in Moyamba. She is remembered there for her commitment to education, the plant world, the environment, and her love of the culture and students at St. Joseph’s Secondary School. A keen artist, her work included botanical illustrations and photography as well as cataloging unique local vegetation. Her plant specimens stored in herbaria were collected in Sierra Leone, the Keoladeo National Park in India, and other international locations. In service to the Society of Wetland Scientists and the Professional Wetland Certification Program, Dr. Marburger was a long-time member of the Education Committee and a reviewer for the accreditation program. She was also instrumental in organizing a North Central Chapter meeting at Indiana Dunes National Park.

One of her most important scientific contributions is the documentation of the extirpation of native cattail (Typha latifolia) due to the introgression of genetic material from Typha angustifolia via her Citizen Science program in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey. Her work demonstrated that the hybrid Typha x glauca has replaced many native cattail populations in the United States. Dr. Marburger is remembered as an educator, scientist, and wetland conservationist. She is survived by her husband Dan Mason, and daughter Jacqueline Mason. n

Joy Marburger, Dan Mason, and Laxmi Kant Mudgal (left to right) in March 2017 visiting Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India. Laxmi was the field crew supervisor of the Iowa State research team of field work in the Keoladeo National Park (1984-1989).

WETLAND RESEARCH

Everglades Wetlands Research Park Studies

he Everglades Wetlands Research Park at Florida Gulf Coast University in Naples has brought to our attention three projects that may be of interest to readers (citations below). Two studies focus on the use of “wetlaculture” – using experimental wetlands or former wetlands to reduce nutrient loads from agricultural runoff. One published in the journal Ecological Engineering involved producing corn on an experimental wetland in Ohio, while the other was a microcosm experiment working with drained hydric soils from the Great Black Swamp (Toledo, Ohio). The third study dealt with estimating the effects of a hurricane on carbon storage in Florida mangroves. Contact Li Zhang at lzhang@fgcu.edu or Bill Mitsch at wmitsch@fgcu.edu for additional information. 254 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021

• Jiang, B.B., W.J. Mitsch, and C. Lenhart. 2021. Estimating the importance of hydrologic conditions on nutrient retention and plant richness in a wetlaculture mesocosm experiment in a former Lake Erie basin swamp. Water 2021 13: 2509. • Griffiths, L.N. and W.J. Mitsch. 2021. Estimating the effects of a hurricane on carbon storage in mangrove wetlands in southwest Florida. Plants 2021 10: 1749. • Boutin, K.D., W. J. Mitsch, E. Everham, B. Bashki, and L. Zhang. 2021. An evaluation of corn production within a Wetlaculture™ system at Buckeye Lake, Ohio. Ecological Engineering 171: 106366. https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925857421002214 n

WETLAND SCIENCE

Recent Coastal Wetlands Research From Peru

n Peru, coastal wetlands are placed as oases all along the South American desert. These ecosystems have gained particular attention in the last years, becoming one of the most studied aquatic ecosystems in this region. A list of the most recent published articles about these essential ecosystems follow. • Arana Maestre, J., Carrasco Badajoz, C., Coayla Peñaloza, P., Rayme Chalco, C., & Sánchez Peña, M. 2021. Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Arid and Semi-Arid Ecosystems of Peru. Frontiers in Environmental Science 0. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fenvs.2021.658940 Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.658940/full • Carazas, N., Velásquez, W., Podestá, J., & Apeño, A. 2021. Plantas vasculares y aves del Parque Ecológico Municipal «El Mirador» Humedales de Ventanilla—Región Callao, Perú. The Biologist (Lima) 19(2): 271-282. https://doi.org/10.24039/ rtb20211921184 Link: https://revistas.unfv.edu.pe/rtb/ article/view/1184 • Mogollón, V., Espinoza, V., Lopez, O., Cotillo, A., & Torres-Zevallos, U. 2021. Primer registro del carngrejo rojo de los patanos, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Cambaridae) en el Perú: Su hallazgo en Los Pantanos de VIlla, Lima, Perú. The Biologist (Lima) 19(2): 229-239. https://doi.org/10.24039/ rtb20211921141 Link: https://revistas.unfv.edu.pe/rtb/ article/view/1141 • Pérez, A., Machado, W., & Sanders, C. J. 2021. Anthropogenic and environmental influences on nutrient accumulation in mangrove sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 165: 112174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112174 Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0025326X21002083 • Podestá, J., Gil, F., Liviac-Espinoza, R., Barona, D., Balarezo-Díaz, A., & Zarate, R. 2021. Aves de los Humedales de la Región Callao: Actualización y estados de conservación. The Biologist 19(2), Article 2. https://doi. org/10.24039/rtb20211921048 Link: http://revistas.unfv. edu.pe/index.php/rtb/article/view/1048

• Pulido-Capurro, V., Málaga-Arenas, E., Olivera-Carhuaz, E., & Acevedo-Flores, J. 2021. Conservación de hábitats y aves en el Santuario Nacional de las Lagunas de Mejía, Arequipa, Perú. Arnaldoa 28(1): 183-198. https://doi. org/10.22497/1593 Link: http://journal.upao.edu.pe/Arnaldoa/article/view/1593 • Quispe-López, M., Barreda, S., Marcelo-Carranza, D., Pacheco, V., Aponte, H., & Ramírez, D. 2021. Abundancia relativa y preferencia de hábitat de Cavia tschudii (Caviidae) en un humedal costero del desierto del Pacífico con comentarios sobre sus depredadores. THERYA 12(2), Article 2. https://www.revistasconacyt.unam.mx/therya/index.php/THERYA/article/ view/1096 Link: https://www.revistas-conacyt.unam.mx/ therya/index.php/THERYA/article/view/1096 • Rivera, G., Gonzales, S., & Aponte, H. 2021. Wetlands of the South American pacific coast: A bibliometric analysis. Wetlands Ecology and Management. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11273-021-09830-8 Link: https://doi. org/10.1007/s11273-021-09830-8 • Rojas, T. V., Bartl, K., & Abad, J. D. 2021. Assessment of the potential responses of ecosystem services to anthropogenic threats in the Eten wetland, Peru. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 0(ja), 1942224. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/20964129.2021.1942224 Link: https://doi.org/1 0.1080/20964129.2021.1942224 • Ruiz-Merino, M., Campos-Cuéllar, R., GermánGómez, A., & Aponte, H. 2022. Características, historia natural y aplicaciones de Hydrocharis laevigata: Una revisión. Caldasia 44(2), Article 2. https://doi. org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n2.92719 Link: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/92719 n

Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 255

FIGURE 1. Map showing the boundary of Sydney Olympic Park (red) and the extent of the estuarine wetlands (blue) including Grey Mangrove areas, which covers about 50% of the total estuarine area. Homebush Bay and Parramatta River are also shown. (Supplied by Sydney Olympic Park) 256 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021

WETLANDS AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate Change is Threatening Mangroves Swapan Paul1,3 and Max Finlayson2,3

rey Mangrove (Avicennia marina) in Sydney Olympic Park and nearby areas in eastern Australia appears to have been struggling to cope with climate change, particularly from extreme temperature events. This claim is based on the results of a 10-year study on the phenology of the Grey Mangrove, which was prompted by some prior observations that these mangroves had been flowering heavily, but had not been fruiting as successfully as they had in previous years. The majority of the Grey Mangrove forests on the estuarine flats in Sydney Olympic Park (Figure 1) have developed after infilling with dredged materials from large-scale land changes at Homebush Bay on the edge of Sydney. Grey Mangroves have since colonized the site and this forest is now nearly 80 years old. The estuary is about 14.0 km from Sydney Harbour, which is the mouth of the Parramatta River that debouches into the Tasman Sea. Over this time period the greater Homebush Bay area has experienced extensive colonization by Grey Mangrove primarily due to sedimentation from catchment disturbances during the early decades of European settlement in Australia. It also has a history of industrial pollution, much of which was remediated in preparation for the hosting of the 2000 Olympic Summer Games. This onsite study on the phenology of Grey Mangrove flowering and fruiting patterns (Figures 2 and 3) was initiated in 2012 and has been ongoing. Mangrove flowering and fruiting success have been quantitatively monitored at monthly intervals during the flowering and fruiting seasons. Whilst each one of those years have recorded significantly extensive flowering, fruiting was negligible, or almost absent other than for one year (2014). Closer examination of the ambient temperature in the peak flowering period, when early buds of the seeds (propagules) should be formed, have revealed two opposite phenomena. One, that sudden drops in night-time temperature by 20oC or more have caused mass dieback of flowers and subsequent dropping of dead flowers. Two, unusually sharp rises in temperature and/or a Sydney Wetland Institute, Sydney Olympic Park Authority, Sydney, Australia Sydney Wetland Institute Advisory Panel, Sydney Olympic Park Authority, Sydney, Australia 3 Institute for Land, Water & Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia 1 2

FIGURE 2. Early flower buds of the Grey Mangrove on February 4, 2019. (Photo by S. Paul)

persistent high band of night-time temperatures over a few consecutive days have also had the same outcome. These phenomena are known to the researchers as ‘chilling’ and ‘cooking’ effects, respectively. Occasional observations in nearby estuaries have shown mixed results. Mangrove forests further away from the influence of regular tidal flushing have shown similar impacts, but those nearer the mouth of the estuary were displaying normal or near-normal abundance of propagules. Further efforts to identify the actual causes of this poorer abundance in the mangroves in Homebush Bay and similar sites have not been undertaken. Nevertheless, the initial study prompts many hypotheses, including those given below. Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 257

1. Grey Mangrove stands that are further away from the mouth of the sea are susceptible to temperature shocks due to their relatively weaker vigor from hydrological variations and salinity gradients. 2. Grey Mangrove stands that are standing on historical or even more recently polluted sediments are weaker and less able to handle temperature shocks. 3. Although Grey Mangroves are highly adaptable to environmental cues, micro-level temperature variabilities beyond a yet unidentified range might still influence their health and wellness. 4. Grey Mangroves in marginal latitudes are hanging on by a fine thread and some localized forests in such latitudes are more susceptible to climate change impacts than others. 5. Elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide may be further weakening the already weak mangroves and climate change impacts are manifested in more pronounced extent. 6. Rainfall events specific to the early fruit bud formation period may be critical to the pollination and development cycle. It is recognized that other, as yet unidentified, factors may be behind the negligible fruiting. Other contributing factors, such as storm events, lightning from electrical storms, air pollution, and pest attack were not considered to have influenced the above results. Therefore, it is postulated that Grey Mangroves in Sydney Olympic Park are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts in the form of temperature shocks. It is also plausible that one or a combination of several of the above hypotheses are applicable in this case. Further studies are required to examine these hypotheses and confirm the actual causative factor(s). Getting to the bottom of the cause is an important objective of existing, albeit low-keyed, efforts to better manage these mangroves and maintain the biodiversity values of this important part of the local environment in the vicinity of the grand city of

258 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021

FIGURE 3. Flower dieback of the Grey Mangrove on February 26, 2019. (Photo by S. Paul)

Sydney, the host of the 2000 summer Olympic Games, and to support the social-ecological legacy of those games that resulted in the creation and restoration of the parklands and wetlands within the Sydney Olympic Park. Further information on the ecology and management of the Sydney Olympic Park wetlands, including the mangroves, is available in a “Workbook for Managing Urban Wetlands in Australia”, edited by Dr. Swapan Paul, and accessible at https://www.sopa.nsw.gov.au/Resource-Centre/ WET-eBook-Workbook-for-Managing-Urban-Wetlands-inAustralia. n

WETLANDS OF DISTINCTION

Crowberry Bog (Olympic Peninsula, USA) Steffanie Munguía1, Florida International University

ust north of the Hoh River on the western Olympic Peninsula in Washington State lies a unique wetland called Crowberry Bog (Figure 1). What it lacks in size – approximately 12 hectares – it more than makes up for as the southernmost and only documented raised bog in the western contiguous United States (“Crowberry Bog,” 2021). In recognition of its distinctiveness, the bog was designated as a state Natural Area Preserve by the Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR) in October of 2019. The 95-hectare preserve protects the bog as well as parts of the surrounding forested area. When Joe Rocchio first surveyed the bog in August 2011 for the Washington Natural Heritage Program, he could scarcely believe his eyes – or perhaps, his feet? – upon reaching the top of the bog and realizing he had been 1

Author contact: swswetlandsofdistinction@gmail.com

walking uphill. Following a multi-year collaborative study, the Washington Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program (DNR-Natural Heritage Program) and Colorado State University verified that the bog’s topography, hydrologic regime, water chemistry and vegetation were consistent with an ombrotrophic peatland (Rocchio et al. 2021b). The raised nature of the bog results in three ecological zones: plateau (central area of bog), rand (sloping margin of the bog), and lagg (outer transition zone between the bog and adjacent area). The plateau is elevated nearly 3 meters above the surrounding landscape. Peat depth declines moving from the rand to the lagg (Rocchio et al. 2021b). The wetland began to develop following deglaciation of the area 16,000 years ago. The glaciers left a lake basin, which after 16,000 of hydrarch succession, developed into the bog observed today (Heusser 1974).

FIGURE 1. Location of Crowberry Bog on Washington State’s Olympic Peninsula, with aerial view of the bog (inset). (Courtesy of Joe Rocchio) Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 259

FIGURE 2. The plateau dominated by an imperiled plant community of low shrubs of Kalmia microphylla, Rhododendron groenlandicum, and Empetrum nigrum. Sphagnum rubellum (seen here in red) and Sphagnum fuscum dominate the ground layer. The pink flowers are of Kalmia microphylla in bloom. A stunted, bonsai-like western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) is seen in the right foreground and stunted shore pine (Pinus contorta var. contorta) are seen in the distance. (Courtesy of Joe Rocchio)

The plateau is dominated by vegetation consistent with rain-dependent peatlands, as well as several globally rare plant communities and two state rare mosses (“Crowberry Bog,” 2021). The bog surface is dominated by red peat moss (Sphagnum rubellum), while short-statured western bog laurel (Kalmia microphylla), crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), and Labrador-tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum) are the common shrubs (Figure 2; Rocchio et al. 2021b). Vegetation grows taller towards the boundaries of the bog and gives way to western red cedar (Thuja plicata), western crabapple (Malus fusca), and coastal rush (Juncus hesperius) in the minerotrophic lagg. Given its unique combination of characteristics of a northern peatland at the southernmost extent of its range, and its strong maritime conditions influenced by the proximity to the Pacific Ocean (Rocchio et al. 2021b), Crowberry Bog is a regionally and continentally significant exemplar (Rocchio 2014). Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus ssp. roosevelti) and Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus spp. 260 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021

columbianus) have been observed to frequent the bog, creating trails across the peatland as they forage on skunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanus) growing on the plateau (Rocchio et al. 2021b; Rocchio 2014). Black bear (Ursus americanus) are also known to frequent the bog. Perhaps its most notable inhabitant, however, is a butterfly. Two subspecies of the Mariposa copper butterfly (Lycaena mariposa; Figure 3) are found in Washington, both of which are restricted to Sphagnum-dominated, acidic peatlands on the western Olympic peninsula: Makah copper (Lycaena mariposa makah) and June’s copper (Lycaena mariposa junia) (Pyle and Hammond 2018). Both are considered globally rare. A population previously believed to be the Makah copper occurs at Crowberry Bog, which was recently shown to be within the transition zone between both subspecies’ ranges. The butterfly uses the native cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos) as a larval host plant, and is imperiled due to its limited distribution and loss of habitat (Rocchio 2014).

FIGURE 3. The Mariposa copper butterfly (Lycaena mariposa) is restricted to Sphagnum-dominated, acidic peatlands on the western Olympic peninsula. A population of one of its globally rare subspecies occurs at Crowberry Bog but the specific taxa has yet to be confirmed as it is located within the transition zone between their respective ranges. (Courtesy of Joe Rocchio)

As a precipitation-dependent ecosystem at the southernmost extent of its range, Crowberry Bog is a critical site for understanding the effects of climate change on raised bogs (Rocchio et al. 2021b). Evidence of ongoing peat accumulation in the bog at a rate of 0.64 – 1.1 cm/yr suggests that the bog may also be playing an important role in mitigating climate change by continuing to sequester carbon, though more research is needed to understand the bog’s long-term carbon dynamics (Rocchio et al. 2021b). Five state imperiled plant community types are supported by the bog, all of which are restricted to acidic fens and coastal bogs of the Pacific Northwest region (Rocchio et al. 2021a). Unfortunately, various factors may be threatening this unique wetland. The predominant land use of the surrounding area is timber harvesting (Rocchio 2014), which may affect the local hydrology, nutrient cycling, and landscape connectivity (Adamus 2014). While the bog itself is under state protection now, past commercial logging occurred in the lagg and left behind cut stumps and fire-scarred snags (Rocchio et al. 2021b). Slash from this harvesting may be blocking water flow in the lagg. Despite this impact, the bog’s hydrology remains intact. Another potential concern is the effect of trails on exposing the peat surface. Well-worn paths, potentially created by hunters or beargrass and salal pickers for the nursery trade, crisscross the bog and trample vegetation (Rocchio 2014). Especially during the summer months, when vegetation is dry, this can be particularly damaging to mosses and lichens (Rocchio et al. 2021b). User management may mitigate these

impacts and reduce the risk of peat oxidation and subsequent peat erosion that may increase drainage (Rocchio 2014). Protected as a state Natural Area Preserve, DNR manages the site specifically to maintain the bog’s ecological integrity. Due to the bog’s sensitivity, public access is limited to permitted research and education activities. Currently, there is no established parking or trails, the site is not ADA accessible, and facilities are not available. There are also no formal educational programs available at Crowberry Bog NAP. Public and private universities, other research institutions and individual researchers may contact DNR to propose a research project at the site. If you are interested in pursuing research or educational opportunities at Crowberry Bog NAP, please contact David Wilderman, Natural Areas Ecologist, at david.wilderman@dnr.wa.gov. There is no doubt that this Wetland of Distinction is truly a one-of-akind site and a treasure of the Olympic Peninsula. n Note: For a more detailed account of this bog see a presentation “Ecological characteristics of a coastal raised bog, one of the rarest wetland types in the western United States” at: https://botanicgardens.uw.edu/wp-content/ uploads/sites/7/2021/03/Rocchio_Crowberry-bog_ WABotSymp_03.04.2021.pdf REFERENCES Adamus, P.R. 2014. Effects of forest roads and tree removal in or near wetlands of the Pacific Northwest: a literature synthesis. Cooperative Monitoring Evaluation and Research Report CMER 12-1202. Washington State Forest Practices Adaptive Management Program. Washington Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA. Crowberry Bog. 2021. Wetlands of Distinction. https://www.wetlandsofdistinction.org/wetlands/Crowberry-Bog/ Heusser, C.J. 1974. Quaternary Vegetation, Climate, and Glaciation of the Hoh River Valley, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 85:1547-1560. Pyle, R.M., Hammond, P.C. 2018. A Review of the Mariposa Copper (Lycaena (Epidemia) Mariposa, Lycaenidae) with Description of Nine New Subspecies and a Model for their Biogeographical Origins. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society. 72: 1–26. Rocchio, J. 2014. Crowberry Bog Proposed Natural Area Preserve Natural Area Recommendation. https://www.wetlandsofdistinction.org/ wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Final_Crowberry_Bog_pNAP_Recommendation.pdf Rocchio, F.J., Cooper, D.J., Gage, E., Ramm-Granberg, T., Borkenhagen, A.K. 2020. Crowberry Bog: A Step Above the Rest. The Learning Forest. 8: 2–6. Rocchio, F.J., Cooper, D.J., Gage, E., Ramm-Granberg, T., Borkenhagen, A.K. 2021a. Crowberry Bog: A Step Above the Rest. Douglasia. 45: 16–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(88)90148-2 Rocchio, F.J., Gage, E., Ramm-Granberg, T., Borkenhagen, A.K., Cooper, D.J. 2021b. Ecohydrological characteristics of a newly identified coastal raised bog on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, USA. Ecohydrology 14, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2287 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 261

NOTES FROM THE FIELD Ralph Tiner, Editor WSP

n late August I spent a week in DownEast Maine with my wife Barbara and friends Nancy and Gregg who enjoy cycling. We did quite a few miles around a loop at Stockton Springs and riding some of the carriage roads at Acadia National Park. During the loop ride I would observe what was growing in the roadside ditches and on a later trip would stop to take some pictures with my phone. One of the more beautiful plants was a pink-colored jewelweed that I had never seen before - Ornamental Jewelweed or Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera). Its flowers are larger than those of our native Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) – quite impressive and sadly yet another invasive species (native of India, Pakistan, and Nepal). Other roadside plants of note were Jewelweed, White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra), Flat-topped White Aster (Doellingeria umbellata), New York Aster (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii), and Spotted Joe-Pye-weed (Eutrochium maculatum). During the week, I also visited the Orono Bog in the Bangor City Forest Park where a mile-long boardwalk loop provides an excellent opportunity to view the bog and neighboring swamp forest. I only wish I had been there earlier in the growing season when Rhodora (Rhododendron canadense) and other bog shrubs were in flower. I did, however, get to see plenty of Tall Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium) and a few remaining flowers of Horned Bladderwort (Utricularia cornuta) and Purple Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia purpurea). On another day when my wife and

friends went to the local farmers market, I took a short trip to the Howard Mendall Wildlife Management Area (Frankfort) to observe halophytes along the South Branch of the Marsh River and feed the local wildlife - mosquitoes. Despite the bloodsuckers, it was good to be back in a saltwater marsh at a time when Seaside Goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens) and New York Aster were in full bloom and where Chaffy Sedge (Carex paleacea), Salt Hay Grass (Spartina patens), Smooth Cordgrass (S. alterniflora), and Narrow-leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia) were locally dominant in this mosaic of a plant community. Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans or T. rydbergii) was quite colorful this time of year as it formed much of the upper marsh border along the highway. On our last day, we all decided to take a hike on Sears Island. The woodland trail eventually reached the shoreline and since it was low tide we could walk along the shore back to our car on the causeway. On the return we encountered a small salt marsh that had been collecting lots of wood flotsam and made for an interesting photograph. Within the marsh there were a few open sandy gravelly spots with plenty of stunted glasswort (Salicornina depressa or S. maritima). On the morning of our last day I woke up early to experience first light and sunrise over Fort Point Cove and the Penobscot River. It was a perfect morning for this as you can see by the photographs – a fitting end to a wonderful week. Retirement is good. Enjoy the pictures below. n

Ornamental Jewelweed (Impatiens glandulifera)

Native Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)

262 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021

View of Orono Bog from boardwalk

White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)

Flat-topped Aster (Doellingeria umbellata)

Tall Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium) Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 263

Flower of Purple Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia purpurea) with Bog Rosemary (Andromeda polifolia) and Sheep Laurel (Kalmia angustifolia)

Brackish tidal marsh along South Branch of Marsh River 264 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021

Flower of Bog Willowherb (Epilobium leptophyllum) from swamp forest bordering Orono Bog

Seaside Goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens)

Salt Marsh Sand Spurrey (Spergularia salina) from Sears Island salt marsh Slough Grass (Spartina pectinata)

Glasswort (Salicornia maritima) and Dwarf Spikerush (Eleocharis parvula) from Marsh River brackish marsh

New York Aster (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii) from brackish marsh

A thick band of Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans or T. rydbergii) formed the marsh edge along the road Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 265

Salt marsh along Sears Island with woody flotsam

First light over Fort Point Cove and Penobscot River 266 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021

Sunrise over Fort Point Cove and Penobscot River (same day)

Sunset over tidal flat at near low tide in cove off of Penobscot Bay in Stockton Springs Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 267

WETLANDS IN THE NEWS

isted below are some links to some random news articles that may be of interest. Links from past issues can be accessed on the SWS website: https://www.sws.org/wetlands-in-the-news/. The Association of State Wetland Managers' website: https://www.aswm.org/ contains a section entitled “Wetland News Digest.” This section includes links to newspaper articles that should be of interest: https://www.aswm.org/publications/wetland-news-digest. Members are encouraged to send links to articles about wetlands in their local area. Please send the links to WSP Editor at ralphtiner83@ gmail.com and reference “Wetlands in the News” in the subject box. Thanks for your cooperation. n Waters of the United States/Clean Water Act: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Corps of Engineers to Follow Pre-2015 Regulatory Requirements https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/waters-of-the-unitedstates-clean-water-4036728/ Waquoit Bay Group Explores Floating-Wetland 'Eco-Machines' As Nitrogen Solution https://www.capenews.net/mashpee/news/waquoitbay-group-explores-floating-wetland-eco-machines-as-nitrogen-solution/ article_4eba67b3-049b-5ae7-b300-2d6c18fff4b9.html Great Lakes Moment: International wetlands treaty turns 50 https://www. greatlakesnow.org/2021/09/international-wetlands-treaty-turns-50/ Wanting wetlands: Marking 50 years of wetland conservation and loss https://www.natureconservancy.ca/en/blog/wanting-wetlands.html Neabsco Creek Boardwalk: A Delightful Trail Across Tidal Wetlands in Woodbridge, Virginia https://gohikevirginia.com/neabsco-creek-boardwalk/ NORTH PIKES CREEK WETLANDS The Story of a Stream's Headwaters https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/37f2ef10d3bf49ab999ce62c69 4a2083 What is killing Uttarakhand’s small wetlands? Degraded Niranjanpur pond carves a live example https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/water/ what-is-killing-uttarakhand-s-small-wetlands-degraded-niranjanpurpond-carves-a-live-example-78931 Conserving and restoring wetlands could avoid millions of dollars in storm losses https://www.ncronline.org/news/earthbeat/conserving-andrestoring-wetlands-could-avoid-millions-dollars-storm-losses 'Living fossil' found in Central Hawke's Bay wetland restoration project https://www.nzherald.co.nz/hawkes-bay-today/news/livingfossil-found-in-central-hawkes-bay-wetland-restoration-project/ R75A447PT3L26E3NWHLVBWQB4U/ Why are our moors so damaged? https://www.thebmc.co.uk/why-areour-british-moors-so-damaged The Bogs of Britain, from ‘godforsaken wasteland full of dangers’ to one of our key tools in tackling climate change https://www.countrylife. co.uk/nature/the-bogs-of-britain-from-godforsaken-wasteland-full-ofdangers-to-one-of-our-key-tools-in-tackling-climate-change-219174 Natural Connections Column: Myths and mysteries of sphagnum moss https://www.hudsonstarobserver.com/things_to_do/natural-connectionscolumn-myths-and-mysteries-of-sphagnum-moss/article_d44925d4df5c-11eb-88b5-530c53dd03db.html Sphagnum: reversing the fortunes of our northern moors https://www. thebmc.co.uk/sphagnum-reversing-the-fortunes-of-our-northern-moors

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Arizona District Court Remands and Vacates Navigable Waters Protection Rule (NWPR) https://madmimi.com/p/906ec21?pact=38395164559580-6220340411-ed4c25ca97586a18cc2156b84ebe26fb8ea279ff Wetland plants https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2995-wetlandplants ‘It has become them and us’: the battle to burn England’s moorlands https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/may/01/its-becomethem-and-us-battle-to-burn-englands-moorlands Why Saving World’s Peatlands Can Help Stabilize the Climate https://e360.yale.edu/features/why-saving-worlds-peatlands-can-helpstabilize-the-climate Emerging forest–peatland bistability and resilience of European peatland carbon stores https://www.pnas.org/content/118/38/e2101742118 Mangrove forests: Photography winners show beauty of ecosystems https://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-58558932 Bringing Back Bogs https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/bringing-backbogs Louisianans' way of life on the coast is threatened by the very plans meant to save their wetlands and barrier islands from rising seas https://news.yahoo.com/louisianans-way-life-coast-threatened-123257237.html?guccounter=1 Coral reef islands can accrete vertically in response to sea level rise https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aay3656 Keeping an Eye on Vulnerable Coastal Wetlands https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/keeping-eye-vulnerable-coastalwetlands?qt-news_science_products=1#qt-news_science_products 2021 "Waters of the United States" Public Meeting Materials https://www.epa.gov/wotus/2021-waters-united-states-public-meetingmaterials Kingston council to see options for Tannery wetland cleanup https://www.thewhig.com/news/local-news/kingston-council-to-seeoptions-for-tannery-wetland-cleanup EPA Rescinds Previous Administration’s Guidance on Clean Water Act Permit Requirements https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-rescindsprevious-administrations-guidance-clean-water-act-permit-requirements Researchers uncover signs of ecosystem collapse in significant PNG wetland https://phys.org/news/2021-09-uncover-ecosystem-collapsesignificant-png.html September 2021 Edition of Wetland News Digest https://madmimi. com/p/c71a001?pact=85224-164924380-6220340411-5a32b3545187887b791b1916079c3cb3e1a4b350

WETLAND XXXXXXX BOOKSHELF

here are no new books to add to this listing. Please help us add new books. If your agency, organization, or institution has a website where wetland information can be accessed, please send the information to the Editor of Wetland Science & Practice at ralphtiner83@gmail. com. Your cooperation is appreciated. n BOOKS

• History of Wetland Science: A Perspective from Wetland Leaders https://www.amazon.com/History-Wetland-Science-Perspectives-Leaders/dp/B08DC6GXDM • An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America (5th Edition) https://he.kendallhunt.com/product/introduction-aquatic-insects-north-america • Wading Right In: Discovering the Nature of Wetlands https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/ bo28183520.html • Sedges of Maine https://umaine.edu/umpress/books-in-print/ • Sedges and Rushes of Minnesota https://www.upress.umn. edu/book-division/books/sedges-and-rushes-of-minnesota • Wetland & Stream Rapid Assessments: Development,Validation, and Application https://www.elsevier.com/books/wetland-and-stream-rapid-assessments/ dorney/978-0-12-805091-0 • Eager: The Surprising Secret Life of Beavers and Why They Matter https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/eager/ • Wetland Indicators – A Guide to Wetland Formation, Identification, Delineation, Classification, and Mapping https://www.crcpress.com/Wetland-Indicators-A-Guide-toWetland-Identification-Delineation-Classification/Tiner/p/ book/9781439853696 • Wetland Soils: Genesis, Hydrology, Landscapes, and Classification https://www.crcpress.com/Wetland-Soils-Genesis-Hydrology-Landscapes-and-Classification/VepraskasRichardson-Vepraskas-Craft/9781566704847 • Creating and Restoring Wetlands: From Theory to Practice http://store.elsevier.com/Creating-and-Restoring-Wetlands/ Christopher-Craft/isbn-9780124072329/ • Salt Marsh Secrets. Who uncovered them and how? http://trnerr.org/SaltMarshSecrets/ • Remote Sensing of Wetlands: Applications and Advances. https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781482237351 • Wetlands (5th Edition). http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/ WileyTitle/productCd-1118676823.html

• Black Swan Lake – Life of a Wetland http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/B/bo15564698.html • Coastal Wetlands of the World: Geology, Ecology, Distribution and Applications http://www.cambridge.org/ us/academic/subjects/earth-and-environmental-science/ environmental-science/coastal-wetlands-world-geologyecology-distribution-and-applications • Florida’s Wetlands https://www.amazon.com/FloridasWetlands-Natural-Ecosystems-Species/dp/1561646873/ ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1518650552&sr=84&keywords=wetland+books • Mid-Atlantic Freshwater Wetlands: Science, Management,Policy, and Practice http://www.springer. com/environment/aquatic+sciences/book/978-1-46145595-0 • The Atchafalaya River Basin: History and Ecology of an American Wetland http://www.tamupress.com/product/ Atchafalaya-River-Basin,7733.aspx • Tidal Wetlands Primer: An Introduction to their Ecology, Natural History, Status and Conservation https://www. umass.edu/umpress/title/tidal-wetlands-primer • Wetland Landscape Characterization: Practical Tools, Methods, and Approaches for Landscape Ecology http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466503762 • Wetland Techniques (3 volumes) http://www.springer.com/ life+sciences/ecology/book/978-94-007-6859-8 • Wildflowers and Other Plants of Iowa Wetlands https:// www.uipress.uiowa.edu/books/2015-spring/wildflowersand-other-plants-iowa-wetlands.htm • Wetland Restoration: A Handbook for New Zealand Freshwater Systems https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/ publications/books/wetlands-handbook • Wetland Ecosystems https://www.wiley.com/en-us/ Wetland+Ecosystems-p-9780470286302 • Constructed Wetlands and Sustainable Development https://www.routledge.com/Constructed-Wetlands-and-Sustainable-Development/Austin-Yu/p/ book/9781138908994

Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 269

ONLINE SOURCES OF WETLAND INFORMATION The following is a listing of some government agencies and environmental organizations that provide online information on wetlands and where their publications on wetlands may be accessed.

• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Environmental Laboratory https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Locations/EL.aspx • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Wetland Plants Database http://wetland-plants.usace.army.mil/nwpl_static/ v34/home/home.html • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency https://www.epa.gov/wetlands • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory https://fws.gov/wetlands/

• U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquaticresearch-center-warc • U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center https://www.usgs.gov/centers/npwrc • U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pwrc • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Coastal Management https://coast.noaa.gov/ • U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Service, Hydric Soils https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/ soils/use/hydric/ • Association of State Wetland Managers https://www.aswm.org/

Journal Land Seeking Contributions for Special Issue Commemorating 25th Anniversary of World Wetlands Day Submitted by Dr. Richard Smardon, Guest Editor, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY

he journal Land is planning a special issue to celebrate 25 years of “World Wetlands Day.” There is no other ecosystem that has its very own Ramsar Convention or such a challenge impacting ecosystem sustainability. Papers are encouraged that provide an overview of wetland status and function within different regions of the world. Of special interest are papers that address wetland ecosystem and human health and well-being as well as key international wetland management challenges and actors. A “Universal Declaration of the Rights of Wetlands” has even been proposed; therefore, we need innovative solutions for wetland management and maintenance for this Special Issue. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include the following: World Wetlands Day, coastal and inland wetlands status, wetland functions and values, Ramsar Convention, wetland ecology, stress, restoration and change over time. Deadlines for submission of manuscripts is December 31, 2021. Please contact Dr. Smardon at rsmardon@esf.edu for further information; please mention Land – Special Issue in the subject block.

270 Wetland Science & Practice October 2021

WSP SUBMISSION GUIDELINES XXXXXXX

About Wetland Science & Practice (WSP)

etland Science and Practice (WSP) is the SWS quarterly publication aimed at providing information on select SWS activities (technical committee summaries, chapter workshop overview/ abstracts, and SWS-funded student activities), articles on ongoing or recently completed wetland research, restoration, or management projects, freelance articles on the general ecology and natural history of wetlands, and highlights of current events. WSP also includes links to U.S. federal agencies involved in wetland research, mapping, and conservation. The publication also serves as an outlet for commentaries, perspectives and opinions on important developments in wetland science, theory, management and policy. Both invited and unsolicited manuscripts are reviewed by the WSP editor for suitability for publication. When deemed necessary or upon request, some articles are subject to scientific peer review. Student papers are welcomed. Please see publication guidelines herein. Electronic access to Wetland Science and Practice is included in your SWS membership. All issues published, except the current issue, are available via the internet to the general public. The current issue is only available to SWS members. However it will be available to the public four months after its publication when the next issue is released (e.g., the July 2020 issue will be an open access issue in October 2020). WSP is an excellent choice to convey the results of your projects or interest in wetlands to others. Also note that as of January 2021, WSP will publish advertisements, see following page for details. HOW YOU CAN HELP If you read something you like in WSP, or that you think someone else would find interesting, be sure to share. Share links to your Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn accounts. Make sure that all your SWS colleagues are checking out our recent issues, and help spread the word about SWS to non-members! Questions? Contact editor Ralph Tiner, PWS Emeritus (ralphtiner83@gmail.com). n

WSP Manuscript – General Guidelines LENGTH: Approximately 5,000 words; can be longer if necessary. STYLE: See existing articles from 2014 to more recent years available online at: http://www.sws.org/Publications/wsp-contents.html TEXT: Word document, 12 font, Times New Roman, single-spaced; keep tables and figures separate, although captions can be included in text. For reference citations in text use this format: (Smith 2016; Jones and Whithead 2014; Peterson et al. 2010). FIGURES: Please include color images and photos of subject wetland(s) as WSP is a full-color e-publication. Image size should be less than 1MB – 500KB may work best for this e-publication. REFERENCE CITATION EXAMPLES: • Claus, S., S. Imgraben, K. Brennan, A. Carthey, B. Daly, R. Blakey, E. Turak, and N. Saintilan. 2011. Assessing the extent and condition of wetlands in NSW: Supporting report A – Conceptual framework, Monitoring, evaluation and reporting program, Technical report series, Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, Australia. OEH 2011/0727. • Clements, F.E. 1916. Plant Succession: An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington D.C. Publication 242. • Clewell, A.F., C. Raymond, C.L. Coultas, W.M. Dennis, and J.P. Kelly. 2009. Spatially narrow wet prairies. Castanea 74: 146-159. • Colburn, E.A. 2004. Vernal Pools: Natural History and Conservation. McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company, Blacksburg, VA. • Cole, C.A. and R.P. Brooks. 2000. Patterns of wetland hydrology in the Ridge and Valley Province, Pennsylvania, USA. Wetlands 20: 438-447. • Cook, E.R., R. Seager, M.A. Cane, and D.W. Stahle. 2007. North American drought: reconstructions, causes, and consequences. Earth-Science Reviews 81: 93-134. • Cooper, D.J. and D.M. Merritt. 2012. Assessing the water needs of riparian and wetland vegetation in the western United States. U.S.D.A., Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ft. Collins, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-282. Wetland Science & Practice October 2021 271

SOCIETY WETLAND �

SCIENTISTS

2021 Advertising Prospectus* Monthly E-Newsletter The SWS monthly e-newsletter is sent to approximately 3,000 members around the world, and enjoys an open rate between 40-50%, which is well above industry average. Place your organization in front of leading environmental scientists monthly with an ad that links to your website.

Website

With SWS.org launching a major website re-design in December, the new, far more user-friendly, engaging, and SEO-optimized format is expected to increase the site’s visibility and exposure. Highlight your company on the SWS.org homepage with a display ad that links to your website.

Wetland Science & Practice (WSP) WSP is the SWS quarterly publication aimed at providing information on select SWS activities (technical committee summaries, chapter and section workshop overview/abstracts, and SWS-funded student activities); brief summary articles on current or recently completed wetland research, restoration, or management projects; information on the general ecology and natural history of wetlands; and highlights of current events. It is distributed digitally, with over 1,000 impressions and more than 250 reads in the first six months after release.

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Wetland Science & Practice July 2021 249