SOL Y MAR MAGAZINE

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Isla Mujeres Whale Shark Aventure

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Hiking in Glacier National Park

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MIAMI: Its culture and cuban influence

Debris in the Marine Enviroment

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The early life of a night-herron

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ol y Mar Magazine es la primera y única revista digital bilingüe en el mundo que incluye información sobre turismo, pesca, industria marítima, hostelería, recreación, pesca deportiva y propiedades frente al mar, que ofrece a nuestros lectores una variedad de diferentes temas de interés en cada una de sus ediciones. Sol y Mar Magazine se puede encontrar fácilmente en los principales buscadores de Internet por texto o por palabras clave, así como en nuestra página web: www.solymarmagazine.com.

Sol y Mar Magazine se envía a decenas de miles de personas e instituciones, de las cuales el 89% se encuentran en el sur de la Florida y el resto en distintos países de todos los continentes.

La edad promedio de nuestros lectores oscila entre 20 y 65 años de edad. Si desea ampliar su negocio, especialmente en el poderoso mercado hispano, le sugerimos anunciarse en nuestra revista. ¡Bienvenido a bordo de Sol y Mar Magazine! www.solymarmagazine.com

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ol y Mar Magazine is the first and only digital bilingual publication in the world that includes information about tourism, fishing, waterfront properties, maritime industry, restoration, recreation, sport fishing and innovations among other things that are entertaining, informative and interesting to that appears in the advertiser’s own website and also (his/hers)our reader, who (will enjoy) a wide variety subjects and knowledge of different topics in our publication that addresses each of its editions.

Sol y Mar Magazine can be easily found in the main Internet search engines by text or by key words, as well as on our web page: www.solymarmagazine.com.

Sol y Mar Magazine is sent to tens of thousands individuals and institutions, of which 89% are located in southern Florida and the remaining to another countries in all continents.

The average age of our readers is between 20 and 65 years old.

If you want to expand your business, especially in the powerful Hispanic market, we suggest you advertise in our magazine.

Welcome aboard Sol y Mar Magazine! www.solymarmagazine.com

PEDRO DÍAZ Presidente y Editor President and Editor info@solymarmagazine.com www.solymarmagazine.com

Cover and Back Cover Portada y Contraportada: Captain Jimmy Nelson Fishing with Luiza Director de Arte: Mario Carpio graficos@mariocarpio.com Visit us at/ Visitenos en:

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ISLA MUJERES

Whale Shark Aventure

By Pat Ford

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t s one on the most amazing natural phenomena anywhere! Every summer hundreds of whale sharks and manta rays congregate about 20 miles off Isla Mujeres, Mexico and tourists visiting this tiny island off Cancun can hire a local guide and swim with them. Isla Mujeres is old time Key West with a Mexican flavor and a treat in itself but the whale sharks make it a perfect family vacation.

It s an hour and twenty minute flight from Miami to Cancun and then a 25 minute ferry ride from Puerto Juarez to Isla. Hotels like Posada Del Mar are inexpensive by American standards. We rode with my friend Abel Avila (ilcato@me.com) who runs daily trips for up to 10 people to swim with the whale sharks. He recommends leaving early to beat the crowd which shows up around 8 am. I highly recommend leaving as early as possible.

I first swam with the whale sharks in 2013 and then returned in 2018 with my daughters and their families. The rules had change you need to wear a wet suite or life jacket, only 2 people and a guide in the water at one time,

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do not touch the whale sharks, etc. All very reasonable. My youngest grandchild is 11 and he had no problems at all. We met Able at the dock at 6:30 am for the 45 minute run to the whale sharks, swam until around 11 am when the crowds got too much for us to be alone with a shark and that was about the same time the whale sharks got sick of people harassing them and sounded, but the day was not over. We ran back to Isla Mujeres beautiful beach and anchored up while Abel provided a magnificent lunch of the best shrimp ceveche I have ever had. The day was over around 3 pm which gave us plenty of time to explore the Island and have dinner at Freddy’s or Asia Caribe…my favorite restaurants on the island.

Nevertheless I did notice a lot of changes. In ’13 I counted 85 boats at midday but there were hundreds of sharks and we were never really close to another boat. The whale sharks and mantas hung around all day feeding happily of the plankton and fish eggs that the ocean currents swept into this particular area. In ’18 I counted over 170 boats and Abel told me that over 300 permits had been issued to allow commercial trips to the whale sharks.

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There were boats around us constantly after 8:30 am and the whale sharks all disappeared by 11 am. The amount of boats and people has to be affecting the behavior of the whale sharks and Abel feels that the regulations will soon become more restrictive to protect the natural environment of the sharks. It appeared to me, and I am no expert, that the constant harassment by boats and swimmers is taking its toll on the behavior of the whale sharks.

There certainly has been a major change since my last trip.

Nevertheless, it still is an amazing trip that I highly recommend, but you better sign up quickly because it’s not going to be available forever. Send Abel an email…he’ll set you up!

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HIKING IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK

By Dr. Martin Arรณstegui

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lacier National Park is the most picturesque of all the national parks I have visited. Glaciers carved the mountains over a period of millions of years, creating truly magnificent landscapes. Global warming is threatening many natural areas around the world. At Glacier National Park most of the glaciers are receding very fast and may disappear altogether in a few years. Dryer conditions and increased heat have produced more intense forest fires that have burned many areas of the park. This summer I had the opportunity to visit this magnificent land. This park is full of wildlife, which I had a chance to observe during my hikes. I hope you enjoy a photo essay of this magnificent land.

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SENDERISMO EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL GLACIER Por el Dr. Martin Aróstegui

El Parque Nacional Glacier es el más pintoresco de todos los parques nacionales que he visitado.

Los glaciares tallaron las montañas durante un período de millones de años, creando paisajes realmente magníficos. El calentamiento global amenaza a muchas áreas naturales en todo el mundo.

En el Parque Nacional Glacier la mayoría de los glaciares están retrocediendo muy rápido y pueden desaparecer por completo en unos pocos años. Las condiciones de la sequía y el aumento del calor han producido incendios forestales más intensos que han quemado muchas áreas del parque. Este verano tuve la oportunidad de visitar esta magnífica región. Este parque está lleno de vida silvestre, que tuve la oportunidad de observar durante mis caminatas. Espero que disfrutes ver un ensayo fotográfico de esta magnífica tierra.

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Miami:

Its culture and Cuban Influence

Miami is the second largest city next to Jacksonville. The city is known worldwide as the “Capital of Latin America” because of its high population of Spanishspeakers. Due to its proximity to Cuba, almost half of all Cuban emigrants have established in this city and have enhanced its culture by passing the “Latin flavor to the American shores.” Therefore, the city is a big contributor to America’s overall diversity and it is the city with the largest Cuban community.

Currently, there are an estimate of over 1.2 million Cubans living in Miami. After Fidel Castro came into Power in 1959, hundreds of thousands of Cubans immigrated to Miami as political refugees.

Another significant event was the Mariel Boatlift when Cuban-Americans rescued over 150,000 Cubans and brought them to Miami.

There is so much to explore in Miami and you will definitely note the strong cultural influence of the Spanish speaking 116

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population. Due to the large number of Cuban exiles and Cuban-American citizens, there is a part of downtown Miami named Little Havana. Little Havana has been included in the National Trust for Historic Preservations and declared a national treasure in 2017. Here, for example, you will find a colorful street life full of local businesses, authentic Cuban restaurants as well as museums, theaters, bars, art galleries, cigar shops and more.

One can easily go salsa dancing on a Friday night, or find an excellent recipe for flan by knocking on a neighbor’s door.

The city is home to several well-known

festivals, including “Calle Ocho,” “Viernes Culturales,” and “The Three Kings Parade.”

Miami also appeals to all the people in South America and the Caribbean because of all the different cultures that have made Miami a cultural hub for the Latin Countries.

The city brings the ideal American Dream for those that are looking for a better life by offering safety and comfort or a perfect place to start their life.

Miami will always be ready to embrace not only Cubans but new cultures as well.

The opportunities in the city will only get better as time goes on.

If you need more information on how to invest in Miami, I will be more than happy to help you!

Tury Céspedes MBA, Realtor Associate Century 21 Dorar Realty, Miami, Florida Member of the Luxury Homes Institute Cell: (305)-878-5442 Tury0606@yahoo.com SOL & MAR MAGAZINE

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DEBRIS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

By Maria Bello Photos NOAA

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arine debris defined as any man‐made object intentionally or unintentionally discarded, disposed of, or abandoned that enters the marine environment; is an acknowledged global issue today with broad impacts. Land-based pollution is considered to be the most significant source of marine debris (approximately 80%), but, the discard and loss of synthetic material and plastics by the fishing and maritime industry is also a significant concern (20%).

Millions of tons of debris enter the oceans each year from trash, damaged fishing gear, or shipping accidents. While far from every animal will encounter debris over its lifespan, the sheer amount of debris collecting on beaches, in ocean gyres, and on the ocean floor suggests that many types of marine wildlife cannot avoid encountering it.

The presence of debris in the marine environment is not only a threat to the marine life, also, degrades the quality and health of our oceans, damages or degrades marine habitats and put at risk risks the human health and safety• Each year many species of marine animals, including seabirds, marine mammals, and sea turtles die from becoming entangled in marine debris or ingesting marine debris they have mistaken for food, but also can damage or degrade habitat quality in the ocean.

Harms marine life. Entanglement can cause decreased swimming ability, disruption in feeding, life-threatening injuries, and death; 136 species worldwide have been reported of suffering from entangle.

Marine animals living or migrating on waters where the marine debris is more concentrated increase the potential entanglement rate of these animals. This is the case of the Subtropical Convergence Zone north of Hawaii in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, which is crossed twice each year by migrating humpback whales and includes the pelagic range of juvenile fur seals, and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, where drifting debris accumulates on coral reefs inhabited by Hawaiian monk seals

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Marine turtles shows also a high rate of entanglement, being found tangled up in lost fishing nets, plastic twine and nylon fishing line, as well as six pack rings from canned drinks, plastic packaging straps, plastic balloon string, kite string, plastic packaging and discarded anchor line and seismic cable.

Turtles were also discovered entangled in discarded plastic chairs, wooden crates, weather balloons and boat mooring line.

But entanglement is not the only concern, ingestion is also a big issue.

The majority of debris items are small enough to be ingested by wildlife, and ingestion has been confirmed from the ocean surface to great depths.

Whether debris is confused with, or accidentally ingested alongside, preferred food sources, debris is ingested by what increasingly appears to be nearly all types of marine organisms.

A relatively recent concern in the marine environment is the widespread occurrence of micro scale particulate plastics or micro plastics. Micro plastics have been isolated from surface water, mid‐water, marine sediment, and beach surface in all the world’s oceans. The potential bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to organisms, especially zooplanktons that ingest micro plastics is an important issue as it presents a potential for contaminating the marine food web.

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, formally adopted in 1973 and updated in 1978 as MARPOL 73/78, and later Annex V to MARPOL adopted in 1985 and entered into force in 1988 pretend to reduce waste disposal from ships and prohibit the dumping of plastics into the ocean. The overall effectiveness of Annex V is debatable, as marine species continue to become more and more entangled in marine debris.

However, as the human population and the numbers of ships continue to increase along the U.S. coast, the threat of increased marine debris from both marine and land-based operations appears to be getting worse.

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BASURA EN EL AMBIENTE MARINO Por Maria Bello Fotos NOAA

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a basura en el ambiente marino universalmente conocida como (Debri) se define como: cualquier objeto hecho por el hombre, intencionalmente o no, desechado o abandonado que ingrese al medio ambiente marino. En la actualidad es una de las problemáticas mundiales más preocupantes y con un amplio espectro de impacto. Se considera que la contaminación terrestre es la fuente más importante de estos desechos siendo responsable de aproximadamente el 80%; el otro 20% proviene de desechos y pérdida de material sintético y plástico de la industria pesquera y marítima.

Cada año, millones de toneladas de desechos ingresan a los océanos a partir de basura, equipos de pesca dañados o accidentes de embarcaciones recreacionales, transporte y de pesca. Se estima que la mayoría de los organismos marinos se ven afectados con estos desechos durante su ciclo de vida, siendo en lo absoluto inevitable dado a la gran cantidad de desechos que se acumulan en las playas, giros oceánicos y en el fondo del océano La presencia de escombros en el medio marino no solo es una amenaza para la vida marina, sino que también degrada la calidad y la salud de nuestros océanos, daña y degrada los hábitats marinos y pone en riesgo la salud y la seguridad humana.

Cada año, muchas especies de animales marinos, incluidas aves marinas, mamíferos marinos y tortugas marinas mueren por enredarse en desechos marinos o ingerir desechos marinos que han confundido con comida, pero también pueden dañar o degradar la calidad del hábitat en el océano.

Daño a la vida marina. Los organismos marinos al enredarse o ingerir desechos plásticos o no biodegradables no tienen la capacidad de poderse liberar de estos, pudiendo sufrir una disminución de la capacidad de natación, interrupción en la alimentación, lesiones que amenazan la vida y finalmente causares la muerte; Se han documentado hasta el momento

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136 especies marinas en todo el mundo que quedan atrapadas en algún tipo de desecho, siendo los más comunes, el plástico y las redes.

Los animales marinos que viven o migran en aguas donde los desechos marinos están más concentrados aumentan la tasa potencial de enredarse de estos animales. Este es el caso de la Zona de Convergencia Subtropical al Norte de Hawái en el Giro Subtropical del Pacífico Norte, cruzado dos veces al año por ballenas jorobadas migratorias e incluye el rango pelágico de focas peleteras juveniles, y las Islas del Noroeste de Hawái, donde se acumulan desechos a la deriva arrecifes de coral habitados por focas monje de Hawái Las tortugas marinas también muestran una alta tasa de enredos, se encuentran enredados en redes de pesca perdidas, cordeles de plástico y nylon, así como en anillos plásticos de bebidas enlatadas, correas de plástico para empaques, cuerdas de globos de plástico, cuerdas para cometas, empaques plásticos y línea de ancla descartada y cable sísmico. También se descubrieron tortugas enredadas en sillas de plástico descartadas, cajas de madera, globos meteorológicos y amarres para embarcaciones.

Pero el enredo no es la única preocupación, la ingestión es también un gran problema. La mayoría de los artículos de desechos son lo suficientemente pequeños como para ser ingeridos por la vida silvestre, y la ingestión ha sido documentada desde la superficie del océano hasta las grandes profundidades. Ya sea que los desechos se confundan con, o se ingieran accidentalmente.

Una preocupación relativamente reciente en el medio marino es la presencia generalizada de plásticos a micro escala o micro plásticos.

Los micro plásticos se han aislado de aguas superficiales, aguas medias, sedimentos marinos y superficies de playas en todos los océanos del mundo. La posible biodisponibilidad de los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COP) a los organismos, especialmente los zoo planctónicos 144

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que ingieren micro plásticos, es un tema importante ya que presenta un potencial para contaminar la cadena alimentaria marina.

El Convenio internacional para prevenir la contaminación por los buques, adoptado formalmente en 1973 y actualizado en 1978 conocido como MARPOL 73/78, y posteriormente el Anexo V de MARPOL adoptado en 1985 y que entró en vigor en 1988, pretende reducir la eliminación de desechos de los buques y prohibir el vertido de plásticos en el océano.

La eficacia general del Anexo V y los anteriores esfuerzos es discutible, ya que el número de especies y ejemplares marinos que se enredan o quedan atrapadas es cada vez mayor.

En los Estados Unidos la población costera va en ascenso y el número de embarcaciones tanto comerciales como recreativas continúan aumentando a lo largo de la costa y la amenaza de un aumento de los desechos marinos tanto de las operaciones marinas como terrestres parece empeorar.

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THE EARLY LIFE OF A NIGHT-HERRON

By Dr. Martin Arรณstegui

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have lived for many years next to a canal that opens to Biscayne Bay in South Florida.

Over the years I have observed many birds that historically populated the Everglades and that have been able to adapt to an urban environment. Among the more common ones are Ospreys, Great Blue Herons, White Egrets, Ibises, Anhingas, Cormorants and Night Herons.

All of these birds make a living hunting for fish, crabs, insects and lizards in my neighborhood.

A few weeks ago, while walking in my neighborhood I spotted a nest on an Oak tree overlying the waterway canal. This nest had one baby Yellow-Crowned Night Heron that was being guarded by the adult parents. I was fascinated by this discovery and proceeded to visit the nest and take photos of the developing baby bird for a period of about eight weeks. I figured that the baby bird was probably about one week old when I first discovered the nest.

Over a period of a few weeks, this bird grew and developed almost to adult size and became totally independent of it’s parents, being able to fly and hunt at the canal’s edge all on it’s own.

Shortly after the baby bird learned to hunt, it left the nest and the tree for good.

Our children take many years to become independent, yet a Night Heron can accomplish this feat in just a few weeks after birth.

I find that observing nature can teach us a lot about life.

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LA VIDA TEMPRANA DE UNA GARZA NOCTURNA Por el Dr. Martin Arรณstegui

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e vivido durante muchos años al lado de un canal que se abre a Biscayne Bay en el sur de Florida. A lo largo de los años, he observado muchas aves que históricamente poblaron los Everglades y que han podido adaptarse a un entorno urbano. Entre los más comunes se encuentran las águilas pescadoras, las garzas reales, las garcetas blancas, los ibis, los anhingas, los cormoranes y las garzas nocturnas.

Todas estas aves se alimentan cazando peces, cangrejos, insectos y lagartijas en mi vecindario.

Hace algunas semanas, mientras caminaba por mi vecindario, divisé un nido en un roble que cubría el canal. Este nido tenía un bebé Garza Nocturna Coronada de Amarillo que estuvo vigilada por los padres adultos. Me fascinó este descubrimiento y procedí a visitar el nido y tomar fotos del ave en desarrollo por un período de aproximadamente ocho semanas. Calculé que probablemente el pájaro bebé tenía aproximadamente una semana cuando descubrí el nido. Durante unas pocas semanas, este pájaro creció y se desarrolló casi hasta el tamaño de un adulto y se volvió totalmente independiente de sus padres, pudiendo volar y cazar al borde del canal por sí solo. Poco después de que el pajarito aprendió a cazar, dejó el nido y el árbol para siempre.

Nuestros niños tardan muchos años en independizarse, pero un Garza nocturna puede lograr esta hazaña en tan solo unas semanas después del nacimiento.

Encuentro interesante que observar la naturaleza puede enseñarnos mucho sobre la vida.

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Back Cover Photo/Contraportada: Captain Jimmy Nelson Fishing with Luiza