13th hk catalog

Page 1

2014 Spring Hong Kong Sale

Auction

5pm, 26(Mon) May, 2014 Grand Hyatt Hong Kong Salon(Mezzanine Level)

Preview 24(Sat)-26(Mon) May, 2014 10am-6pm Grand Hyatt Hong Kong Salon(Mezzanine Level)


ESTIMATES IN OTHER CURRENCIES AND PAYMENT The sale and payment will be conducted in Hong Kong Dollars. As a guide to prospective buyers, estimates for this sale are also shown in US Dollars (USD), Korean Won (KRW), and Chinese Yuan (CNY) in the catalogue or on a screen during the sale. The estimates printed in the catalogue in US Dollars (USD), Korean Won (KRW), and Chinese Yuan (CNY) are prepared well in advance of the sale and are not definitive. Please bear in mind that this is intended for guidance only and all bidding and payment will be in Hong Kong Dollars. Seoul Auction is not responsible for any error or omission in the operation of the currency converter. Bank transfers should be made to:

IMPORTANT NOTICES A bidder shall check whether there is any damage or recovery, mistakes and omission on the catalogue entry, and discrepancy between the image and the real work, and shall participate in the auction under his/her own judgment and responsibility. This company progresses on the auction under the premise that the bidders have carried out this obligation faithfully. If there is a dispute over the authenticity (of the items to be sold in the auction), unlawful dealings, and other related happenings occur, this company may not exhibit the consigned items, which have been approved with a contract in the auction, and may cancel the bid after it has been sold in the auction. In this case, the company does not take responsibility for any damages except for restoration owed to the consigner and the successful bidder.


๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์‹œ ์ฃผ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡้€š้Žๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๆˆ–้€ฒ่กŒๆ‹่ณฃๆ™‚็š„ๅฑๅน•๏ผŒๆไพ›ๆ‹่ณฃไผฐๅƒน็š„ๆธฏ ๅนฃใ€็พŽ้‡‘ใ€้Ÿ“ๅนฃๅŠไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃ็š„ๆŠ˜็ฎ—้‡‘้กใ€‚้€™ๅชๆ˜ฏ็‚บไบ†็ตฆๆŠ•ๆจ™ๆ™‚่€Œๆไพ›ๆ–น ไพฟ๏ผŒๅƒ…ไพ›ๅƒ่€ƒใ€‚ๆœฌๅ…ฌๅธๅฐๅ„ๅ€‹ๅค–ๅŒฏๆŠ˜็ฎ—้Ž็จ‹ไธญๆ‰€็™ผ็”Ÿ็š„ไปปไฝ•้Žๅคฑๆˆ–่ฒด ๆผ๏ผŒไธ่ฒ ๆœ‰ไปปไฝ•ใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃไปฅๆธฏๅนฃ้€ฒ่กŒใ€‚ๅƒนๆฌพไปฅๆธฏๅนฃ้€ฒ่กŒ็ตฆ็ฎ—ใ€‚

์‘์ฐฐ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ

์ด์ข… ํ†ตํ™” ํ‘œ์‹œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ๊ฒฐ์ œ

๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ ์ž…์žฅ ์‹œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ ์†Œ์ •์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ๋ฅผ

๊ฒฝ๋งค์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋Š” ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ๋˜๋Š”

์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ฒจ๋ถ€๋œ ์—ฌ๊ถŒ, ์šด์ „๋ฉดํ—ˆ์ฆ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ์„ ์ œ์‹œ

๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋‹น์ผ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์œ„์•ˆํ™”(CNY), ํ•œ๊ตญ

ํ•œ ํ›„ ์‘์ฐฐ ํŒป๋ง์„ ๊ต๋ถ€๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์‘์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜

์›ํ™”(KRW) ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(USD) ํ‘œ์‹œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ์ธ์‡„๋œ

๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ ์™ธ์— ์€ํ–‰์กฐํšŒ์„œ๋ฅ˜, ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ (๋น„์ž/๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ์นด๋“œ) ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋”๋น„

์ค‘๊ตญ์œ„์•ˆํ™”(CNY), ํ•œ๊ตญ์›ํ™”(KRW) ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(USD) ํ‘œ์‹œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋‹น

๋‚˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ฑ๋ก์นด๋“œ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์ค‘ 2๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฆ๋น™์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ

์ผ ์ด์ „์— ํ™˜์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์ข… ํ†ตํ™” ํ‘œ์‹œ ์ถ”์ •

๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋‹น์ผ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์†์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋‹น์‚ฌ์™€ ์ปจํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ฐฐ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ 

๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋Š”

์ฒญ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์ „์‹ ์šฉ์Šน์ธ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ํ†ตํ™” ํ™˜์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ณผ์‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ

๊ตฌ๋งค๋Œ€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋กœ ์ž…๊ธˆํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝ๋งค ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์‘์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹น์‚ฌ ์†Œ์ • ์–‘์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ

Bank Name: The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation

๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์— ์„œ

Limited

๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€ ์ฃผ์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒญ

Account Name: Seoul Auction Hong Kong Limited

์„œ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€(www.seoulauction.com)์—์„œ ์ฐพ์œผ

Account No.: 808-584437-838

์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SWIFT code: HSBCHKHHHKH Address: HSBC, Head Office, 1 Queenโ€™s Road, Central, Hong Kong

๋‚™์ฐฐํ™•์ธ์„œ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ฒฐ๊ณผํ†ต๋ณด์„œ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉด, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐํ™•์ธ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…๋‚ ์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ข…๋ฃŒ ํ›„ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋ฐ›์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ์ด ๊ตฌ๋งค

๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ

๋Œ€๊ธˆ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ฒฐ๊ณผํ†ต๋ณด์„œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ ๋ฐœ์†ก ์ฃผ์†Œ ๋˜๋Š”

๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€ HKD 400,000 ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€์˜ 18%, HKD

e-mail ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์†ก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

400,000 ์ดˆ๊ณผ HKD 8,000,000๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 15%, HKD 8,000,000 ์ดˆ๊ณผ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 12%๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ํ›„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ

ๆ•ฌ่ซ‹ๆณจๆ„ ๆœฌๅ…ฌๅธๅฐๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„็œŸๅฝๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅ“่ณชไธๆ‰ฟๆ“”็‘•ๅบ›ๆ“”ไฟ่ฒฌไปปใ€‚็ซถ่ฒทไบบๅŠ/ๆˆ– ๅ…ถไปฃ็†ไบบๆœ‰่ฒฌไปป่‡ช่กŒไบ†่งฃๆœ‰้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๅฏฆๅ‚บ็š„็‹€ๆณไธฆๅฐ่‡ชๅทฑ็ซถๆŠ•ๆŸๆ‹ ่ณฃๅ“็š„่กŒ็‚บๆ‰ฟๆ“”ๆณ•ๅธซ่ฒฌไปปใ€‚ๆœฌๅ…ฌๅธ้„ญ้‡ๅปบ่ญฐ๏ผŒ็ซถ่ฒทไบบๆ‡‰ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆ—ฅๅ‰๏ผŒ ไปฅๅ …ๅฎšๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๆ–นๅผ่ฆช่‡ชๅฏฉ็œ‹ๅ‡็ซŸๆŠ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ไน‹ๅŽŸ็‰ฉ๏ผŒ่‡ช่กŒๅˆคๆ–ท่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ ๆ˜ฏๅฆ่ˆˆๆœฌๅ…ฌๅธๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅœ–้Œ„ไปฅๅŠๅ…ถๅฎƒๅฝขๅผ็š„ๅฝฑๅƒ่ฃฝๅ“ๅ’Œๅฎฃๅ‚ณๅ“ๆ‰€ๆ่ฟฐ็›ธ ็ฌฆๅˆ๏ผŒ่€Œไธๆ‡‰ๅœ–้Œ„ๅŠๅฝฑๅƒ่ฃฝๅ“ๅ’Œๅฎฃๅ‚ณๅ“็š„ๆ่ฟฐๅšๅ‡บๆฑบๅฎšใ€‚

์ฃผ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ›ผ์† ๋ฐ ๋ณต๊ตฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์žฌ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋žต ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์‹ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•œ ํ›„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„ ํ•˜์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค

๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€ข ์„œ์šธ ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์€ (ํ™์ฝฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋œ) ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ธ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์„ธ ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ์œจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์‹คํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „

์ˆ˜์ถœ/์ž… ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์ฆ

์ œ ํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ง„์œ„์‹œ๋น„, ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์„ฑ ์‹œ๋น„ ๋ฐ

๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ๋ฐ˜์ถœ/๋ฐ˜์ž…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์ฆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋น„ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ์— ์ค€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋œ ์œ„ํƒ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—

ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์ฆ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ ์ฒ ํšŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค๋Œ€๊ธˆ ๊ฒฐ์ œ ์ง€์—ฐ

์ถœํ’ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์ถœํ’ˆ๋œ ์ด ํ›„์—๋„ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ

์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž๋‚˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์›์ƒํšŒ๋ณต ์ด์™ธ์— ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ ๋“ฑ ์–ด ๋– ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: (02) 395 0330 ํŒฉ์Šค: (02) 395 0338 ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ: info@seoulauction.com


Index

Artist

Andy Warhol ๅฎ‰่ฟชยทๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพ 65

Kim TschangYeul ้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ 36, 37, 38, 39

Araki Nobuyoshi ่’ๆœจยท็ถ“ๆƒŸ 32

Kim WhanKi ้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบ 40, 41

Armand Pierre Fernandez ้˜ฟๆ›ผยท็šฎๅŸƒ็ˆพยทๅผ—ๅ—ๅพ— 7, 8, 9, 10

Kwon SooHyun ๆฌŠไฟฎ่ณข 82

Bernar Venet ่ด็บณยท็ปดๅฐผ 63

Lee JungWoong ๆŽ้Œ ้›„ 73

Bill Thompson ๆฏ”็ˆพยทๆนฏๆ™ฎๆฃฎ 64

Lee Ufan ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ 46, 47, 48

Chen LianQing ้™ณ่ฏๆ…ถ 56, 57

Nam Kwan ๅ—ๅฏฌ 70

Choi SoYoung ๅด”็ด ๆฆฎ 81

Natalia Dumitresco ็ดๅก”่Ž‰ไบžยทๆœ็ฑณ่ฟชๆ–ฏๅค 11

Chu TehChun (Zhu DeQun) ๆœฑๅพท็พค 58

Oh ChiGyun ๅณๆฒปๅ‡ 75

Chun KwangYoung ๅ…จๅ…‰ๆฆฎ 72

Pablo Picasso ๅทดๅ‹ƒ็พ…ยท็•ขๅŠ ็ดข 29, 30, 31

Chung ChangSup ไธๆ˜Œ็‡ฎ 54

Park SeoBo ๆจธๆฃฒ็”ซ 49, 50, 51

Chung SangHwa ้„ญ็›ธๅ’Œ 55

Pol Bury ไฟ็พ…ยทๅธƒ็‘ž 16

Claude Lalanne ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Rhee SeundJa ๆŽ่–ๅญ 71

Damien Hirst ้”็ฑณๆฉยท่ตซๆ–ฏ็‰น 61 David Gerstein ๆˆด็ถญยท่‘›็ˆพๆ–ฏๅฆ 42 Feng ZhengJie ไฟธๆญฃๅ‚‘ 23 Giorgio de Chirico ๅ–ฌๆฒปยทๅพทยทๅŸบ้‡Œ็ง‘ 12, 13 Ha ChongHyun ๆฒณ้พ่ณข 52 Jean Cocteau ่ฎ“ยท็ฉ€ๅ…‹ๅคš 14 Jeong MyoungJo ้„ญๆ˜Ž็ฅš 79

Lee Bul ๆŽๆ˜ข 74

Richard Pettibone ็†ๆŸฅๅพทยทไฝฉ่’‚ไผฏๆฉ 44 Sa SukWon ๅฒๅฅญๆบ 76 Takashi Murakami ๆ‘ไธŠ้š† 25 Tang ZhiGang ๅ”ๅฟ—ๅ‰› 59 Tom Wesselmann ๆนฏๅง†ยท้Ÿ‹ๅกž็ˆพๆ›ผ 66 Wang YiDong ็Ž‹ๆฒ‚ๆฑ 24 Wifredo Lam ็ถญๅคซ่Šๅคšยทๆ‹‰ๅง† 15

Jesรบs Rafael Soto ่€ถ็ฉŒยทๆ‹‰ๆ–็ˆพยท็ดขๆ‰˜ 62

Yayoi Kusama ่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 35, 67, 68, 69

Julian Opie ๆœฑๅˆฉๅฎ‰ยทๅฅฅๅŸน 43

Yun HyungKeun ๅฐนไบจๆ น 53

Kang SeKyung ๅงœๆญฒๆ•ฌ 78

Zeng FanZhi ๆ›พๆขตๅฟ— 22

Keith Haring ๅ‡ฏๆ–ฏยทๅ“ˆๆž— 45

Zhang XiaoGang ๅผตๆ›‰ๅ‰› 21, 23, 60

Kim JunSik ้‡‘ๅ‡†ๆค 80 Kim NamPyo ้‡‘ๅ—ๆ“ 77


Artcurial Jewellery & Diamond LOT. 1-20

AUCTION 26(Mon) May 2014 | 5pm Grand Hyatt Hong Kong Salon (Mezzanine Level) PRIVIEW 24(Sat) - 26(Mon) May 2014 | 10 am - 6pm Grand Hyatt Hong Kong Salon (Mezzanine Level)


1

Claude Lalanne 1924- , French ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š

Necklace of Hydrangea Flowers ็นก็ƒ่Šฑ้ …้ˆ Gold-plated bronze 15ร—15cm, 5.9x5.9in Ed. Artcurial 17/250

HKD 20,000 - 30,000 CNY 17,000 - 25,000 USD 3,000 - 4,000 KRW 2,700,000 - 4,000,000

Artist Claude Lalanne creates surrealist furniture

ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ้€š้Ž่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉ็š„ๅ‰ตๆ„ๅ’Œ้‡‘ๅฑฌๆ

ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š๋Š” ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ๊ธˆ์†์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ

and accessories based on metal materials, and

ๆ–™๏ผŒๅ‰ตไฝœๅฏ็”จๆ–ผๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดป็š„ๅฎถๅ…ทใ€้›•ๅˆปไฝœๅ“ใ€้ฃพ

ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฐํ’ˆ, ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ

has also distinguished herself in various other gen-

็‰ฉ็ญ‰๏ผŒๅœจ็นช็•ซ่ˆ‡ๅปบ็ฏ‰็ญ‰ๅคšๅ€‹้ ˜ๅŸŸๅฑ•้œฒ้ ญ่ง’ใ€‚

๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํšŒํ™”์™€ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋‘

res as well, including painting and architecture.

ๅœจโ€œๆณข็ˆพๅคšๅœ‹็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“ๅญธๆ กโ€ๅญธ็ฟ’้›•ๅˆปๅฐˆๆฅญๅพŒ๏ผŒ

๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

After graduating from the Ecole des Beaux-Arts

้‡ๅˆฐไบ†ๅพžไบ‹ๅŸƒๅŠ็พŽ่ก“็ฎก็†ๅทฅไฝœ็š„ไธฆ็ตๅฉšใ€‚ไน‹ๅพŒ

โ€˜์—์ฝœ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ž๋ฅดโ€™์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ „๋ฌธ

with a major in sculpture, Claude Lalanne mar-

ไธ€่ทฏไฝœ็ˆฒ่—่ก“ๆญๆช”ๆดป่บ้–‹ๅฑ•ๅ‰ตไฝœๆดปๅ‹•ใ€‚

ํ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚จํŽธ ํ”„๋ž‘์ˆ˜์•„ ํ•˜๋น„์—๋ฅด ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š๋ฅผ

ried Francois-Xavier Lalanne, then a curator of

ๅฅนๅพžๅคง่‡ช็„ถไธญๆœ€ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ็š„็ทšๆขใ€ๅฝขๆ…‹่ˆ‡่ณชๆ„Ÿไธญ็ฒ

๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋“ค ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ ๋“€์˜ค๋กœ์จ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ 

Egyptian art, and the two began creating sculp-

ๅพ—ไบ†ๅ‰ตไฝœ้ˆๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒๅฅนๅฐคๅ…ถๅฐ่‰ๆœจๆ„Ÿ่ˆˆ่ถฃ๏ผŒๅ‰ตไฝœไบ†

์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

tures together.

ๅคง้‡ไปฅๆค็‰ฉ่ˆ‡้ฎฎ่Šฑ็ˆฒไธป้กŒ็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚ๅฅน้‚„้‡ๆ–ฐ็™ผ

๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์„ , ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์งˆ

Inspired by traditional lines, forms, and textures

็พๆ–‡่—่ค‡่ˆˆๆ™‚ไปฃ็š„้‘„้€ ๆŠ€่ก“๏ผŒๅพž่€Œ้–‹ๅ‰ตไบ†ๅชๅฑฌ

๊ฐ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ดˆ๋ชฉ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ

found in nature, Claude Lalanne has created

ๆ–ผ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๅฏŒๆœ‰ๅ‰ตๆ„ๅ’Œ่ฉฉๆ„็š„่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉ้ขจๆ ผใ€‚

๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋ชจํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋กœํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ

many works with flowers and plants as motifs.

ๅฅน็š„ไฝœๅ“่ขซๆ”ถ่—ๅœจๅทด้ปŽ่“ฌ็šฎๆœๅœ‹ๅฎถ่—่ก“ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ไธญ

๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ์ธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜

She has also explored Renaissance cast tech-

ๅฟƒ็ญ‰ๅ„ๅœ‹่‘—ๅ็พŽ่ก“้คจไธญใ€‚2007ๅนด5ๆœˆ้‚„ๅ…ฅ้ธ็ด

์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์  ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

niques, giving them a surrealistic twist.

็ด„่Šๆ›ผยท่Žซๅนณ็•ซๅปŠ่ฉ•้ธ็š„โ€œ20ไธ–็ด€็š„็”Ÿๅ‹•่—่ก“

๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํํ”ผ๋‘๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋ช… ๋ฏธ์ˆ 

Her works are included in the collections of many

ๅฎถไบŒๅไบบโ€ใ€‚

๊ด€์— ์†Œ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 2007๋…„ 5์›” ๋‰ด์š• ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ๋จธํ•€๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ

prestigious museums around the world, includ-

๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ โ€˜20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ 20์ธโ€™์— ์„ ์ •

ing the National Museum of Modern Art in the

๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Pompidou Center in Paris. She was named one of the โ€œ20 most collectible artistsโ€ by the Lehmann Maupin Gallery in New York in May 2007.

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Claude Lalanne 1924- , French

Claude Lalanne 1924- , French

ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š

ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š

Interlaced Bracelet

Ginkgo Brooch

ไบค้Œฏ็š„ๆ‰‹้ˆ

้Š€ๆ่‘‰่ƒธ้‡

Vermeil

Gold-plated bronze

7ร—3.5cm, 2.8x1.4in

6.5ร—7.5cm, 2.6x3in

Ed. Artcurial 48/150

Ed. Artcurial 288/350

HKD 20,000 - 30,000

HKD 10,000 - 15,000

CNY 17,000 - 25,000

CNY 8,000 - 13,000

USD 3,000 - 4,000

USD 1,000 - 2,000

KRW 2,700,000 - 4,000,000

KRW 1,400,000 - 2,000,000

4

Claude Lalanne 1924- , French ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š

Large Fan Vase ๅคงๆ‰‡็•ซ้ขจ Brass with patina 34ร—7ร—16.5cm, 13.4x2.8x6.5in Ed. Artcurial 82/350

HKD 50,000 - 70,000 CNY 43,000 - 58,000 USD 6,000 - 9,000 KRW 6,700,000 - 9,500,000

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Claude Lalanne 1924- , French

Claude Lalanne 1924- , French

ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š

ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š

Onion Timepiece

Golden Clover

ๆด‹่”ฅ้พ่กจ

้‡‘็ฎ”ไธ‰่‘‰่‰

Gold-plated bronze 3.5x3.5cm, 1.4x1.4in

Crystal and gold-plated bronze รธ5.3cm, รธ2.1in

Ed. Artcurial

Ed. Artcurial 12/150

HKD 20,000 - 30,000

HKD 10,000 - 15,000

CNY 17,000 - 25,000

CNY 8,000 - 13,000

USD 3,000 - 4,000

USD 1,000 - 2,000

KRW 2,700,000 - 4,000,000

KRW 1,400,000 - 2,000,000

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Armand Pierre Fernandez 1928-2005, French ้˜ฟๆ›ผยท็šฎๅŸƒ็ˆพยทๅผ—ๅ—ๅพ— ์•„๋ฅด๋ง ํ”ผ์—๋ฅด ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‚ญ๋ฐ

Symphonic Pendant ไบค้Ÿฟๆจ‚ๅŠๅขœ Gold-plated bronze 5ร—9cm, 2x3.5in Ed. Artcurial 18/50

HKD 10,000 - 15,000 CNY 8,000 - 13,000 USD 1,000 - 2,000 KRW 1,400,000 - 2,000,000

Born Armand Fernandez, Arman deconstructs

้˜ฟๆ›ผๆœ€ๅ…ทไปฃ่กจๆ€ง็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ˜ฏๆจ‚ๅ™จ็ณปๅˆ—๏ผŒไป–้‡ๆ–ฐ็ต„

์•„๋ฅด๋ง์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์•…๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜๊ณ , ์ž˜๋ ค์ง€๊ณ ,

and cuts musical instruments into pieces and

ๅˆ่ขซ่งฃ้ซ”ใ€ๆŠ˜ๆ–ทๅ’Œๅˆ†่งฃ็š„ๆจ‚ๅ™จ็ขŽ็‰‡๏ผŒ้›–็„ถ้‡ๆ–ฐ

๋ถ„ํ•ด๋œ ์•…๊ธฐ ํŒŒํŽธ์˜ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•…๊ธฐ ๋ณธ

reassembles them. The instruments are stripped

ๆ‹ผๆนŠ็š„ๆจ‚ๅ™จๅทฒ็ถ“ๅคฑๅŽปไบ†ๅ…ถๆœฌ่ณชๅŠŸ่ƒฝ๏ผŒไฝ†ๅฎƒๆ‰€ๅ‘ˆ

๋ž˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๋‹นํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ

of their original sound-making functions, instead

็พๅ‡บ็š„ๅŠ›้‡่ˆ‡็ฏ€ๅฅๆ„Ÿ่ถณไปฅ้œ‡ๆ’ผไบบๅ€‘็š„ๅ…งๅฟƒใ€‚ๆœฌ

์ง€์™€ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„ ์šธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœ

transmitting a kind of internal sound that reso-

ๆฌกๅ‡บๅฑ•็š„่ƒธ้‡่ˆ‡้ …้ˆ็ญ‰ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒๆŠŠๅฐๆ็ดๅ’Œๅคงๆ

ํ’ˆ๋œ ๋ธŒ๋กœ์น˜์™€ ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด๋Š” ์•„๋ฅด๋ง์˜ ์•…๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์ค‘ ๋ฐ”์ด

nates through the energy and rhythm of the

็ดๆŒ‰ไธ€ๅฎšๆฏ”ไพ‹ๅˆ‡ๆ–ทไธฆๆŠŠๅ…ถ้‡ๆ–ฐ่จญ่จˆๆˆ้ฃพๅ“ใ€‚้€™

์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ, ์ฒผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์ ˆ๋‹จ ์‹œ

work as a whole. The brooches and necklaces

ไบ›ไฝœๅ“้žๅธธๅซ่“„ๅœฐๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บไป–็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ็†ๅฟตใ€‚

๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•จ

on auction are accessories created by Arman

์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

through his unique reconstruction of musical instruments.

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Armand Pierre Fernandez 1928-2005, French

Armand Pierre Fernandez 1928-2005, French

้˜ฟๆ›ผยท็šฎๅŸƒ็ˆพยทๅผ—ๅ—ๅพ— ์•„๋ฅด๋ง ํ”ผ์—๋ฅด ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‚ญ๋ฐ

้˜ฟๆ›ผยท็šฎๅŸƒ็ˆพยทๅผ—ๅ—ๅพ— ์•„๋ฅด๋ง ํ”ผ์—๋ฅด ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‚ญ๋ฐ

Fish Brooch

Aries Brooch

้ญš่ƒธ้‡

ๅฑฑ็พŠๅบง่ƒธ้‡

Gold-plated bronze

Gold-plated bronze

6ร—3cm, 2.4x1.2in

4.5ร—5cm, 1.8x2in

Ed. Artcurial 25/900

Ed. Artcurial 28/900

HKD 10,000 - 15,000

HKD 10,000 - 15,000

CNY 8,000 - 13,000

CNY 8,000 - 13,000

USD 1,000 - 2,000

USD 1,000 - 2,000

KRW 1,400,000 - 2,000,000

KRW 1,400,000 - 2,000,000

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Armand Pierre Fernandez 1928-2005, French ้˜ฟๆ›ผยท็šฎๅŸƒ็ˆพยทๅผ—ๅ—ๅพ— ์•„๋ฅด๋ง ํ”ผ์—๋ฅด ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‚ญ๋ฐ

Aquarius Brooch ๆฐด็“ถๅบง่ƒธ้‡ Gold-plated bronze 5.5ร—4cm, 2.2x1.6in Ed. Artcurial 32/900

HKD 10,000 - 15,000 CNY 8,000 - 13,000 USD 1,000 - 2,000 KRW 1,400,000 - 2,000,000

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Natalia Dumitresco 1915-1997, French ็ดๅก”่Ž‰ไบžยทๆœ็ฑณ่ฟชๆ–ฏๅค ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‘๋ฏธํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ฝ”

Ravenne Necklace and Bracelet (set) ๆ‹‰ๆ–‡็ด้ …้ˆๅ’Œๆ‰‹้ˆ(ไธ€ๅฅ—ไบŒๅน…) Necklace Gold-plated bronze and enamel 41ร—4cm, 16.1x1.6in Ed. Artcurial 10/50 Bracelet Gold-plated bronze and enamel 21ร—3cm, 8.3x1.2in Ed. Artcurial 15/50

HKD 20,000 - 30,000 CNY 17,000 - 25,000 USD 3,000 - 4,000 KRW 2,700,000 - 4,000,000

Romania-born abstract artist Natalia Dumitres-

็ดๅก”่Ž‰ไบžยทๆœ็ฑณ่ฟชๆ–ฏๅคๆ˜ฏ็พ…้ฆฌๅฐผไบžๅ‡บ่บซ็š„ๆŠฝ่ฑก็•ซ

๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ถ”์ƒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‘๋ฏธํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ฝ”๋Š” ์ถ”

co was influenced a great deal by pioneering

ๅฎถใ€‚ๅฅน็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ้ขจๆ ผๆทฑๅ—ๆŠฝ่ฑก็•ซๅ‰ตๅง‹ไบบ็“ฆ่ฅฟ่ฃยทๅบท

์ƒํšŒํ™”์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž ์นธ๋”˜์Šคํ‚ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ

abstract painter Wassily Kandinsky. She worked

ๅฎšๆ–ฏๅŸบ็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ๏ผŒไธ€็›ด่ˆ‡ไธ–็•Œ็ดš้›•ๅˆปๅฎถๅบทๆ–ฏๅฆไธยท

๋ฉฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ด ๋ธŒ๋ž‘์ฟ ์‹œ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์—์„œ

with world-renowned sculptor Constantin Bran-

ๅธƒๆœ—ๅบซ่ฅฟไธ€่ตทๅœจไป–็š„ๅทฅไฝœๅฎค้€ฒ่กŒๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒ็›ดๅˆฐ1957

1957๋…„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

cusi in his studio until his death in 1957.

ๅนดๅŽปไธ–ใ€‚

๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ž‘์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™๊ณผ ํ™”์ดํŠธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ „๊ฐœ

Though Dumitrescoโ€™s early work is in black and

ๅฅน็š„ๅˆๆœŸไฝœๅ“ๅชๆœ‰้ป‘็™ฝๅ…ฉ็จฎ่‰ฒ่ชฟใ€‚ๅนพๅนดๅพŒๅฅน่ขซ

๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋’ค ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ

white only, she adopted color later on, creating

ๅคš็จฎ่‰ฒๅฝฉๆ‰€่ฟทๆƒ‘๏ผŒๅŠชๅŠ›้€š้Žไฝœๅ“ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๆฏ็จฎ่‰ฒ

์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•จ์„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์†

paintings that highlight the uniqueness and vital-

ๅฝฉๆ‰€ๅ›บๆœ‰็š„็จๅ‰ตๆ€ง่ˆ‡็”Ÿๅ‹•ๆ€งใ€‚

์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ity of each color.

ๆœฌๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅˆฉ็”จ่—่‰ฒใ€ๆฉ™่‰ฒใ€็™ฝ่‰ฒ็ญ‰่‰ฒๅฝฉ้ปž็ถด

๋ธ”๋ฃจ, ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€, ํ™”์ดํŠธ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ ์œ„์— ๊ทธ๋…€

This work, which looks like a painting recreated

ไบ†้ฃพๅ“๏ผŒ็ตฆไบบไปฅๆ•ดๅ€‹็•ซๅน…ๅŒ–่บซ็ˆฒ้ฃพๅ“่ˆฌ็š„็พŽๆ„Ÿใ€‚ๆœฌ

์˜ ํ™”ํญ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋†“์€ ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋…€

as an accessory through the use of vibrant blue,

ไฝœๅ“ๆฏซ็„กไฟ็•™ๅœฐๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บไบ†ๅฅน็š„ๅ”ฏ็พŽไฝœๅ“ไธ–็•Œใ€‚

๋งŒ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์Šค๋ž€ํžˆ ํ•จ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

orange, and white, captures well her approach to art.

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Giorgio de Chirico 1888-1978, Italian

Giorgio de Chirico 1888-1978, Italian

ๅ–ฌๆฒปยทๅพทยทๅŸบ้‡Œ็ง‘ ์กฐ๋ฅด์กฐ ๋ฐ ํ‚ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ”

ๅ–ฌๆฒปยทๅพทยทๅŸบ้‡Œ็ง‘ ์กฐ๋ฅด์กฐ ๋ฐ ํ‚ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ”

Muse Bust Pendant

Small Muse Pendant

ๅฅณ็ฅžไธŠๅŠ่บซๅŠๅขœ

ๅฐๅฅณ็ฅžๅŠๅขœ

Silver-plated bronze

Silver-plated bronze

2.5ร—5.5cm, 1x2.2in

7.5ร—1.3cm, 3x0.5in

Ed. Artcural 11/800

Ed. Artcurial 149/250

HKD 15,000 - 20,000

HKD 15,000 - 20,000

CNY 13,000 - 17,000

CNY 13,000 - 17,000

USD 2,000 - 3,000

USD 2,000 - 3,000

KRW 2,000,000 - 2,800,000

KRW 2,000,000 - 2,800,000

Painter Giorgio de Chirico exerted considerable

ๅ–ฌๆฒปยทๅพทยทๅŸบ้‡Œ็ง‘ๆ˜ฏๅฐ่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉๅธถไพ†ๅทจๅคงๅฝฑ

์กฐ๋ฅด์กฐ ๋ฐ ํ‚ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ”๋Š” ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์— ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ ํšŒ

influence on the Surrealism movement, utiliz-

้Ÿฟ็š„็นช็•ซไฝœๅฎถ๏ผŒไป–้‚„ๅˆถไฝœไบ†ๅพˆๅคš้ฃพๅ“ใ€‚ไป–ไปฅ่ Ÿ

ํ™” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์™

ing wax casting methods to create accessories

ๅž‹้‘„ไปถๆ–นๅผๅˆถไฝœ้ฌฅๅŠๅฃซใ€่€ƒๅคๅญธๅฎถใ€ๆญฆๅฃซ็ญ‰้ฃพ

์Šค์บ์ŠคํŒ… ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํˆฌ์‚ฌ, ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž, ๋ฎค์ฆˆ ๋“ฑ์˜

shaped like gladiators, archeologists, and his

ๅ“ใ€‚้€™ไบ›ไนŸๆ˜ฏไป–ๅœจ็นช็•ซไธญๆ็นช้Ž็š„ไบบ็‰ฉใ€‚ไป–ไธฆ

๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „

muses. These figures are found also in his paint-

ๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๆŒ‰็…ง้ซ”่ฃๅ€ๅˆ†่‡ชๅทฑ็š„้ฃพๅ“ๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏๆŠŠๆญค

์— ์ž‘์—…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํšŒํ™” ์† ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ๋„ ์ƒํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณง, ํ‚ค

ings. Notably, Chirico conceived his accessories

็•ถๅš็นช็•ซๅ’Œ้›•ๅˆปๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„ๅปถ้•ท็ทšใ€‚

๋ฆฌ์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ์žฅ๋ฅด๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€

not as a separate genre but as a natural exten-

์•Š๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํšŒํ™”, ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์—ฐ์žฅ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ

sion of his painting and sculptures.

ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Jean Cocteau 1889-1963, French

Wifredo Lam 1902-1982, Cuban

่ฎ“ยท็ฉ€ๅ…‹ๅคš ์žฅ ์ฝ•ํ† 

็ถญๅคซ่Šๅคšยทๆ‹‰ๅง† ์œ„ํ”„๋ ˆ๋„ ๋žจ

Narcisse Brooch

Water Bird Medal

็ด่ฅฟๆ–ฏ่ƒธ้‡

ๆฐด็ฆฝ็Ž็ซ 

Gold-plated bronze

Vermeil

4ร—6cm, 1.6x2.4in

5.6ร—5cm, 2.2x2in

Ed. Artcurial 11/150

Ed. Artcurial 39/100

HKD 15,000 - 20,000

HKD 20,000 - 30,000

CNY 13,000 - 17,000

CNY 17,000 - 25,000

USD 2,000 - 3,000

USD 3,000 - 4,000

KRW 2,000,000 - 2,800,000

KRW 2,700,000 - 4,000,000

Jean Cocteau is one of the most influential figures

่ฎ“ยท็ฉ€ๅ…‹ๅคšๆ˜ฏ่ฉฉไบบใ€ๅฐ่ชชๅฎถใ€ๅŠ‡ไฝœๅฎถใ€่จญ่จˆๅธซใ€

์žฅ ์ฝ•ํ† ๋Š” ์‹œ์ธ, ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€, ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€, ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ, ์ž‘๊ฐ€, ์˜ํ™”

A world-famous Surrealist artist born in Cuba,

็ถญๅคซ่Šๅคšยทๆ‹‰ๅง†ๆ˜ฏๅคๅทด็š„่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉ่—่ก“ๅฎถใ€‚

์ฟ ๋ฐ”์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ”„๋ ˆ๋„ ๋žจ์€ ์„œ์œ 

in literature and art. He was active in various areas

ไฝœๅฎถๅ…ผ้›ปๅฝฑๅฐŽๆผ”๏ผŒไป–ๅœจๅคšๅ€‹ๆ–น้ข้ƒฝ้‹’่Š’็•ข้œฒ๏ผŒๅœจ

๊ฐ๋… ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์— ์ด๋ฅธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฒธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณ„

Wifredo Lam creates a unique artistic world all

ไป–ๅœจๅ‰ตไฝœ้Ž็จ‹ไธญ็ตๅˆไบ†่ฅฟๆญ็š„้€ ๅž‹็†ๅฟตๅŠๆ‹‰ไธ

๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์กฐํ˜•์–ธ์–ด์— ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์œต

as a poet, novelist, playwright, designer, writer, and

ๆ–‡ๅฃ‡่ˆ‡่—่ก“็•Œๅ‡ๆ˜ฏ่ˆ‰่ถณ่ผ•้‡็š„ไบบ็‰ฉใ€‚ๅฆ‚ไปŠไบบๅ€‘็จฑ

์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ

his own in his combining of Western art and

็พŽๆดฒ็š„ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ็‰น้ปž๏ผŒๅพž่€Œๅ‘ไบบๅ€‘ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๅˆฅๅ…ทไธ€ๆ ผ

ํ•ฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŽผ์ณ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

filmmaker. Though he is perhaps best remembered

ไป–็ˆฒ่‘—ๅไฝœๅฎถๅ’Œ้›ปๅฝฑๅฐŽๆผ”๏ผŒไฝ†ๅฏฆ้š›ไธŠไป–ๅ…ทๆœ‰้žๅธธ

์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ

various traditional Latin American elements.

็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœไธ–็•Œใ€‚

ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์นœ๋ถ„์„ ์Œ“์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 1900๋…„๋Œ€

for his writing and filmmaking, he also had a keen

ๅ‡บ่‰ฒ็š„ๅฏฉ็พŽ่ƒฝๅŠ›๏ผŒไธ”้žๅธธ้—œๆณจ็พŽๅญธใ€‚ไป–ๅœจ้ฃพๅ“ๅ‰ต

์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ ์ œ์ž‘์—๋„ ํฐ

He met Picasso in France, and the two quickly

ไป–ๅœจๆณ•ๅœ‹่ˆ‡็•ขๅŠ ็ดข็›ธ่ญ˜ไธฆ็ตไธ‹ไบ†ๅ‹่ชผ๏ผŒ1900ๅนด

์ดˆ์˜ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ,

sense of beauty and much interest in accessory

ไฝœๆ–น้ขไนŸๅง‹็ต‚ไฟๆŒๅพˆ้ซ˜็š„่ˆˆ่ถฃๅบฆใ€‚

ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค.

became friends. Lam was particularly influenced

ไปฃๅˆไป–ๆทฑๅ—็•ขๅŠ ็ดข็•ซ้ขจ็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚ไป–ๅœจ่ฅฟ็ญ็‰™ใ€ๆณ•

ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋“ฑ์ง€์—์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์˜ ํ† 

production.

ไป–็š„ๅƒๅฑ•ไฝœๅ“ๆ˜ฏ็”จๆธ…ๆ™ฐ็š„็ทšๆขๅ–ฎ็ด”ๆ็นชๅ‡บไพ†็š„

์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜†๋ชจ์Šต ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ผ์ธ๋“ค๋กœ

by Picassoโ€™s works of the early 1900s. Though

ๅœ‹็ญ‰ๅœฐ็ฉๆฅต้–‹ๅฑ•ๅ‰ตไฝœๆดปๅ‹•๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚ๅฐๆฏๅœ‹็š„้ขจๅœŸ็ด 

์†์ ์ธ ์†Œ์žฌ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ •๊ธ€๊ณผ ํ† ํ…œ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์ผ€

The work on auction shows two men engraved in

ๅ…ฉไฝ็”ทๆ€งๅด้ขๅฝข่ฑก๏ผŒไฝœๅ“้กŒ็›ฎ็ˆฒโ€œNarcisseโ€

๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” โ€˜Narcisseโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์•Œ

he was active in Spain and France, he remained

ๆๆทฑๆ„Ÿ่ˆˆ่ถฃใ€‚ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“่ฎ“ไบบ่ฏๆƒณๅˆฐ้ญ”่ก“่ˆ‡ๅ’’่ก“๏ผŒ

ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ˆ (ๅ‘ช่ก“)์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘” ์‰ฌ

profile with simple lines. As the title Narcisse suggests,

ใ€‚ๅพž้กŒ็›ฎๅฐฑ่ƒฝ็œ‹ๅ‡บ๏ผŒ้€™้ƒจไฝœๅ“ๆ็นช็š„ๆ˜ฏ้กๅญไธญ

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ฑฐ์šธ์— ๋น„์นœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,

very much connected and interested in native

้€™ไบ›ไฝœๅ“่ขซๆญธ้กž็ˆฒ่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉ็š„ๅพŒๆœŸไฝœๅ“ใ€‚

๋ฅด๋ ˆ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์Šด ํ›„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

it portrays the artist himself in the mirror, or duplicity, a

็š„่‡ชๅทฑใ€‚้€™็จฎ้กไธญๅฝข่ฑกๆˆ–ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ้›™้‡ๆ€ง็š„ๆŠ€ๆณ•

๊ฑฐ์šธ์— ๋น„์นœ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์ค‘์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ์€

Cuban themes. His works, which are redolent of

favorite motif of Cocteauโ€™s

็ถ“ๅธธๅ‡บ็พๅœจ็ฉ€ๅ…‹ๅคš็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธญใ€‚

์ฝ•ํ† ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์ด๋‹ค.

jungles and totems, are often classified as late Surrealist for their interest in magic and sorcery.

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16

Pol Bury 1922-2005, Belgian ไฟ็พ…ยทๅธƒ็‘ž ํด ๋ทฐ๋ฆฌ

Spheres Necklace and Bracelet (set) ็ƒ้ …้ˆๅ’Œๆ‰‹้ˆ(ไธ€ๅฅ—ไบŒๅน…) Necklace Vermeil 15ร—14cm, 5.9x5.5in Ed. Artcurial 22/150 Bracelet Vermeil 6.5ร—6ร—2.5cm, 2.6x2.4x1in Ed. Artcurial 26/150

HKD 80,000 - 120,000 CNY 67,000 - 100,000 USD 10,000 - 15,000 KRW 11,000,000 - 16,000,000

Pol Bury is a painter and sculptor born in Belgium.

ๆฏ”ๅˆฉๆ™‚ๅ‡บ่บซ็š„็•ซๅฎถๅ…ผ้›•ๅˆปๅฎถไฟ็พ…่ˆ‡่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉ่ฉฉ

๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์— ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ํ™”๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€ ํด ๋ทฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜

He is closely associated with Surrealist poets and

ไบบๅ€‘ๆœ‰่‘—ๆทฑๅŽš็š„ไบคๆƒ…๏ผŒไป–ๆทฑๅ—ๅ‹’ๅ…งยท้ฆฌๆ ผ้‡Œ็‰น็š„

์˜ ์‹œ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฅด๋„ค ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€

was influenced a great deal by Renรฉ Magritte. In

ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚1956ๅนดไป–ไธญๆ–ทไบ†็นช็•ซๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒๅœจๅ‹•ๆ…‹่—่ก“

์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. 1956๋…„ ํšŒํ™”์ž‘์—…์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ‚ค๋„ค

1956, he stopped painting and instead turned to

่ˆ‡่ฆ–่ฆบ่—่ก“็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟไธ‹๏ผŒๆŽข็ดขๅ‹•ๆ„Ÿ่ˆ‡่ฆ–่ฆบ็พ่ฑกใ€‚

ํ‹ฑ ์•„ํŠธ(kinetic art)์™€ ์˜ต์•„ํŠธ(optical art)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„

kinetic art and op art, delving into movement and

ๆœฌๆฌกๅƒๆ‹ไฝœๅ“ๆ˜ฏ้ฃพๅ“้šจ่‘—ไฝฉๆˆด่€…็š„็งปๅ‹•ๅ’Œๅค–้ƒจ

์›€์ง์ž„์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

visual-perceptual phenomena.

ๅ› ็ด ่€Œๆ™ƒๅ‹•็š„่ฟทไฝ ็‰ˆๅ‹•ๆ…‹่—่ก“ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒไฝœๅ“ๅพˆๅฅฝ

์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์€ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฅ์‹๋ฌผ

This work is a miniaturized version of a kinetic

ๅœฐๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บไฝœๅฎถ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ็†ๅฟตใ€‚

์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ํ‚ค๋„คํ‹ฑ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ถ•์†ŒํŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

work in which the accessories move when it is

์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํˆฌ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

worn or when there are external stimuli. It reflects Buryโ€™s idea of art โ€œas it is.โ€

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18

Round Brilliant Diamond

Round Brilliant Diamond

1.24ๅกๆ‹‰ ๅœ“ๅฝข E่‰ฒVVS1ๆทจๅบฆ้‘ฝ็Ÿณ

1.25ๅกๆ‹‰ ๅœ“ๅฝข D่‰ฒVVS1ๆทจๅบฆ้‘ฝ็Ÿณ

A brilliant-cut diamond weighing 1.24 carat. Accompanied by GIA report numbered 6157056910, dated October 23, 2012, stating that 1.24 carat diamond is E color, VVS1 clarity, with Excellent Cut, Polish and Symmetry with no Fluorescence.

A brilliant-cut diamond weighing 1.25 carat. Accompanied by GIA report numbered 1156144698, dated December 18, 2012, stating that 1.25 carat diamond is D color, VVS1 clarity, with Excellent Cut, Polish and Very Good Symmetry with no Fluorescence.

HKD 140,000 โ€“ 170,000 HKD 120,000 โ€“ 150,000

CNY 114,000 โ€“ 140,000

CNY 97,000 โ€“ 120,000

USD 18,000 โ€“ 22,000

USD 16,000 โ€“ 20,000

KRW 19,000,000 โ€“ 23,000,000

KRW 16,000,000 โ€“ 20,000,000

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20

round Brilliant Diamond

A Pair of Round Brilliant Diamonds

3.22ๅกๆ‹‰ ๅœ“ๅฝข F่‰ฒๅ…ง้ƒจ็„ก็‘•(IF)ๆทจๅบฆ้‘ฝ็Ÿณ

2.07ๅกๆ‹‰ ๅœ“ๅฝข D่‰ฒVVS2ๆทจๅบฆ้‘ฝ็Ÿณ 2.09ๅกๆ‹‰ ๅœ“ๅฝข D่‰ฒVVS2ๆทจๅบฆ้‘ฝ็Ÿณ

A brilliant-cut diamond weighing 3.22 carat. Accompanied by GIA report numbered 2155836597, dated March 10, 2014, stating that 3.22 carat diamond is F color, Internally Flawless clarity, with Excellent Cut, Polish and Symmetry with no Fluorescence.

HKD 1,000,000 โ€“ 1,300,000

A pair of brilliant-cut diamonds weighing 2.07 and 2.09 carat. Accompanied by GIA report numbered 2116385210, dated June 22, 2013, and 5126609062, dated February 27, 2012, stating that 2.07 and 2.09 carat diamonds is D color, VVS2 clarity, with Excellent Cut, Polish and Symmetry with no Fluorescence.

CNY 810,000 โ€“ 1,100,000 USD 130,000 โ€“ 170,000

HKD 900,000 โ€“ 1,300,000

KRW 135,000,000 โ€“ 175,000,000

CNY 730,000 โ€“ 1,100,000 USD 120,000 โ€“ 170,000 KRW 120,000,000 โ€“ 175,000,000

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Modern & Contemporary Art LOT. 21-82

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21

23

Zhang XiaoGang 1958- , Chinese

Feng ZhengJie 1968- , Chinese

ๅผตๆ›‰ๅ‰› ์žฅ ์ƒค์˜ค๊ฐ•

ไฟธๆญฃๅ‚‘ ํŽ‘ ์ •์ง€์˜ˆ

Bloodline Series ่ก€็ผ˜็ณปๅˆ—

1. Untitled

Zhang XiaoGang 1958- , Chinese ๅผตๆ›‰ๅ‰› ์žฅ ์ƒค์˜ค๊ฐ•

็„ก้กŒ

Lithograph

56ร—76cm, 22ร—29.9in, Ed.88/88

2007

signed on the lower right

Lithograph 56ร—76cm, 22ร—29.9in, Ed.16/89 2003

set of 2 works (ไธ€ๅฅ—ไบŒๅน…)

2. Big Family Series

ๅคงๅฎถๆ—็ณปๅˆ—

HKD 30,000 - 45,000

Lithograph

CNY 25,000 - 38,000

76ร—56cm, 29.9ร—22in, Ed.88/88

USD 4,000 - 6,000

2001

KRW 4,000,000 - 6,000,000

signed on the lower right

signed on the lower right

HKD 30,000 - 45,000 CNY 25,000 - 38,000 USD 4,000 - 6,000 KRW 4,000,000 - 6,000,000

2

22

Zeng FanZhi 1964- , Chinese ๆ›พๆขตๅฟ— ์ • ํŒ์ฆˆ

Untitled

1

็„ก้กŒ Lithograph 56ร—76cm, 22ร—29.9in, Ed.88/88 2007 signed on the lower right

HKD 22,000 - 40,000 CNY 18,000 - 33,000 USD 3,000 - 5,000 KRW 3,000,000 - 5,000,000

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Wang YiDong 1955- , Chinese

Takashi Murakami 1962- , Japanese

็Ž‹ๆฒ‚ๆฑ ์™•์ด๋™

ๆ‘ไธŠ้š† ๋‹ค์นด์‹œ ๋ฌด๋ผ์นด๋ฏธ

Going Home, The Bride, Bride in Waiting, Back to Mother's Home (set of 4 works)

Kaikai Kiki and Me

่ฟ”ๅจ˜ๅฎถใ€็‰กไธนใ€ๅพ…ๅซๅฅณๅญฉใ€ๅ›žๅจ˜ๅฎถ (ไธ€ๅฅ—ๅ››ๅน…)

- For Better or Worse, In Good Times and Bad. The Weather Is Fine.

Me and Mr. DOB Kaikai Kiki and Me - The Shocking Truth Revealed! (set of 3 works)

Lithographs 1) 41ร—41cm, 16.1ร—16.1in, 1998

Offset lithograph in colors

2) 58.8ร—42cm, 23.1ร—16.5in, 1993

68ร—68cm, 26.8ร—26.8in(each),

3) 62ร—41cm, 24.4ร—16.1in, 1995

Ed. 240/300, Ed. 58/300, Ed. 221/300

4) 51.7ร—41cm, 20.4ร—16.1in, 1997

signed on the lower right

Ed. 49/99 signed on the lower right

HKD 52,000 - 90,000 CNY 43,000 - 75,000

HKD 80,000 - 120,000

USD 7,000 - 12,000

CNY 67,000 - 100,000

KRW 7,000,000 - 12,000,000

USD 10,000 - 15,000 KRW 11,000,000 - 16,000,000

Takashi Murakami founded his company-style art studio โ€œKaikai Kikiโ€ in 2001, which went on to enjoy major commercial success in the fine art genre. Named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine, Murakami creates works in diverse genres, such as drawings, sculptures, and animated works inspired by Japanese animation and traditional Japanese cultural elements. ๆ‘ไธŠ้š†ๆ–ผ2001ๅนดๅ‰ต็ซ‹ไบ†ๅๅซKAIKAI KIKI็š„ไผๆฅญๅž‹ๅทฅไฝœๅฎค๏ผŒๅœจ็ด”็ฒน็พŽ ่ก“ไธŠ็ฒๅพ—ไบ†ๅ•†ๆฅญ็š„ๆˆๅŠŸ๏ผŒ2008ๅนด้‚„ๅ…ฅ้ธไบ†ๆณฐๆ™คๅฃซๅ ฑ่ฉ•ๅ‡บ็š„ๅ…จ็ƒๆœ€ๅ…ท ๅฝฑ้ŸฟๅŠ›็š„100ไบบใ€‚ๆ‘ไธŠ้š†็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ็ฏ„ๅœๅๅˆ†ๅปฃๆณ›๏ผŒๅพžไปฅๆ—ฅๆœฌๅ‹•ๆผซ็ˆฒไธป้กŒ ็š„ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒๅˆฐๅธถๆœ‰ๅ‚ณ็ตฑๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๅ…ƒ็ด ็š„็ด ๆใ€้›•ๅˆปใ€ๅ‹•ๆผซ็ญ‰ๅ‡ๆœ‰ๆถ‰ๅŠใ€‚ ๋‹ค์นด์‹œ ๋ฌด๋ผ์นด๋ฏธ๋Š” 2001๋…„ โ€˜์นด์ด์นด์ด ํ‚คํ‚ค(KAIKAI KIKI. Co.Ltd.)โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜• ์Šค ํŠœ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜๋ฏธ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2008๋…„ ํƒ€์ž„์ง€ ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” 100์ธ์— ์„ ์ •๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ผ์นด๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ ์˜ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰, ์กฐ๊ฐ, ์• ๋‹ˆ ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

1 2 3 4 36

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26

27

Yayoi Kusama 1929- , Japanese

Yayoi Kusama 1929- , Japanese

่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

Pumpkin

Flowers

ๅ—็“œ

่Šฑ

Screenprint

Screenprint

53ร—65.5cm, 20.8ร—25.7in, Ed.83/100

60.6ร—50.5cm, 23.8ร—19.9in, Ed.18/50

1993

2005

signed on the lower right

signed on the lower right

HKD 75,000 - 110,000

HKD 75,000 - 110,000

CNY 63,000 - 92,000

CNY 63,000 - 92,000

USD 10,000 - 14,000

USD 10,000 - 14,000

KRW 10,000,000 - 15,000,000

KRW 10,000,000 - 15,000,000

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Yayoi Kusama 1929- , Japanese ่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

Yangtze River ๆšๅญๆฑŸ Screenprint 44.5ร—53.5cm, 17.5ร—21in, Ed.46/100 1990 signed on the lower right

HKD 67,000 - 110,000 CNY 55,000 - 92,000 USD 9,000 - 14,000 KRW 9,000,000 - 15,000,000

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29

30

Pablo Picasso 1881-1973, Spanish

Pablo Picasso 1881-1973, Spanish

ๅทดๅ‹ƒ็พ…ยท็•ขๅŠ ็ดข ํŒŒ๋ธ”๋กœ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ

ๅทดๅ‹ƒ็พ…ยท็•ขๅŠ ็ดข ํŒŒ๋ธ”๋กœ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ

Mat Wood-Owl

Motifs No. 66

ๅขŠๆœจ่ฒ“้ ญ้ทน

ไธป้กŒ No. 66

Brown earthenware clay, painted in red and black 15ร—19.5ร—27.7(h)cm, 5.9ร—7.7ร—10.9(h)in

White earthenware clay, engobe and glaze รธ25cm, รธ9.8in, Ed.Madoura 148/150

Ed.Madoura 46/200

1963

1958

signed on the reverse

signed on the bottom

HKD 34,000 - 40,000 HKD 105,000 - 150,000

CNY 28,000 - 33,000

CNY 88,000 - 125,000

USD 4,000 - 5,000

USD 14,000 - 19,000

KRW 4,500,000 - 6,000,000

KRW 14,000,000 - 20,000,000 ยฉ 2014 - Succession Pablo Picasso - SACK (Korea)

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Pablo Picasso 1881-1973, Spanish ๅทดๅ‹ƒ็พ…ยท็•ขๅŠ ็ดข ํŒŒ๋ธ”๋กœ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ

Flute Player and Goat ๅน็ฌ›ๅญ็š„ไบบๅ’Œๅฑฑ็พŠ ยฉ 2014 - Succession Pablo Picasso - SACK (Korea)

In 1946 at the age of 65, Pablo Picasso be-

1946ๅนด๏ผŒ65ๆญฒ็š„็•ขๅŠ ็ดขๅœจ็“ฆๆด›่ฃ็š„้™ถ็“ทๅทฅๅŠ

1946๋…„, 65์„ธ์˜ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์Šค(Vallauris)์˜ ๋„์ž

1956

came captivated by the pure properties of earth

่ฃ็™ผ็พไบ†ๆณฅๅœŸ็‰นๆœ‰็š„ๆบซ้ †ๅ’Œๅก—ไธŠ้‡‰ๆ–™ๅพŒ็ƒคๅˆถ

๊ธฐ ๊ณต๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ํ™์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ์˜จ์ˆœํ•จ๊ณผ ์œ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ›„ ๊ตฝ๋Š”

signed on the reverse

and the bright and vivid colors and glazing and

็š„้Ž็จ‹ไธญ็”ข็”Ÿ็š„่ฏ้บ—่€Œ้ฎฎ่ฑ”็š„่‰ฒ่ชฟๆ‰€ๅ…ทๆœ‰็š„

๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์กฐ๋“ค์— ๋งค๋ ฅ์„

firing processes of earthen pottery, interests

้ญ…ๅŠ›๏ผŒๆ–ผๆ˜ฏไพฟ้–‹ๅง‹ๆŠ•ๅ…ฅๅˆฐๆ–ฐ็š„่—่ก“้ ˜ๅŸŸใ€‚ไธ€ๅฆ‚

๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ

HKD 34,000 - 40,000

which propelled his own ventures into ceramic

ๆ—ขๅพ€ๅœฐ๏ผŒ็•ขๅŠ ็ดขๅœจ้™ถ่—ๅˆถไฝœๆ–น้ขๅฐๅ‚ณ็ตฑๆ–นๅผ้€ฒ

๋„์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ํ˜์‹ 

CNY 28,000 - 33,000

art. Not surprisingly, Picasso approached this

่กŒไบ†ๆ”น้ฉๅ’Œๅ‰ตๆ–ฐ๏ผŒ็”จ่‡ชๅทฑ็จ็‰น็š„ๆ–นๅผๆ“ดๅฑ•ไบ†ๅˆ

์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ , ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜

USD 4,000 - 5,000

traditional art genre in innovative ways, incor-

ไธ€ๅ€‹ๅ‰ตไฝœ้ ˜ๅŸŸใ€‚ๆฐงๅŒ–็‰ฉใ€่‰ๆœจ็ฐใ€้‡‰ๆ–™ๆ™‚่€Œๆทท

์˜ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ, ์žฟ๋ฌผ, ์œ ์•ฝ๊ณผ ํŒŒ์Šคํ…”

porating his own unique techniques and in the

KRW 4,500,000 - 6,000,000

ๅˆๆทบๆทก่‰ฒ๏ผŒๅˆๆˆ–่€…ๅฐ‡่กจ้ขๅˆฎๆŽ‰ไธ€้ƒจๅˆ†ๅพŒๅˆปไธŠ็‘•

์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๊ธ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ํ ์„ ์ƒˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋ฒฝ

process expanding the creative realm of ce-

็–ต๏ผŒ้‚„ไฝฟ็”จ็ฃš้ ญ็“ฆ็‰‡็ญ‰ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ้™ถ่—ๅฎถ้›ฃไปฅๆƒณ่ฑก็š„

๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์™“์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋„์˜ˆ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”

ramic art. He used a variety of materials and

ๆๆ–™ไพ†่‡ช็”ฑ้ˆๆดปๅœฐ้€ฒ่กŒๅคง่†ฝ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒไฝฟ็•ถๆ™‚็š„

์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ž์œ ์ž์žฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋˜ ํ”ผ์นด

techniques, mixing pastels with glaze, oxide, or

้™ถ่—ๅฎถๅ€‘ๆ„Ÿๅˆฐ้ฉšๆ„•ไธๅทฒใ€‚็•ขๅŠ ็ดขๅˆฉ็”จ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„่—

์†Œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋„์˜ˆ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์•…์„ ๊ธˆ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด

lye, and scratching or cutting grooves on the

่ก“ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบๅ’Œๅ‰ตๆ„ๅˆถไฝœๅ‡บ็š„้™ถ็“ทๅฏไปฅ่ชชๆ˜ฏไป–็•™ไธ‹็š„

๋ ‡๋“ฏ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค

pottery surface. His pottery is regarded as part

็„กๆ•ธ็š„็นช็•ซใ€้›•ๅˆปใ€็ด ๆไฝœๅ“็š„ๅปถ็บŒใ€‚

์–ด๋‚ธ ๋„์ž๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณง, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํšŒํ™”์™€ ์กฐ๊ฐ, ๋“œ๋กœ

of the continuum of paintings, drawings, and sculpture left after his death. 40

White earthenware clay, oxidized paraffin and glaze รธ27cm, รธ10.6in, Ed.Madoura 450

์ž‰์˜ ์—ฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. ยฉ 2014 - Succession Pablo Picasso - SACK (Korea)

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Araki Nobuyoshi 1940- , Japanese ่’ๆœจยท็ถ“ๆƒŸ ์•„๋ผํ‚ค ๋…ธ๋ถ€์š”์‹œ

Winter Journey : Portrait of the Artist's Late Wife Yoko ๅ†ฌๆ—…๏ผšๅทฒๆ•…่—่ก“ๅฎถ็š„ๅฆปๅญ็š„่‚–ๅƒ Gelatin silver print 27ร—40.3cm, 10.6ร—15.9in circa 1990 signed on the reverse

HKD 38,000 - 60,000 CNY 30,000 - 50,000 USD 5,000 - 8,000 KRW 5,000,000 - 8,000,000

Araki Nobuyoshi is a famous Japanese photog-

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ็š„่‘—ๅๆ”ๅฝฑๅฎถ่’ๆœจ็ถ“ๆƒŸไปฅ่กจ็พๅฅณๆ€งๆƒ…่‰ฒๅฝข

์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ ์•„๋ผํ‚ค ๋…ธ๋ถ€์š”์‹œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜

rapher who is best known for his works depict-

่ฑก็š„ไฝœๅ“ไบซ่ญฝๅœ‹้š›ใ€‚็…ง็‰‡ไธญ็š„ๅฅณๆ€งๅŠ่ฃธ่‘—่บซ้ซ”

์—๋กœํ‹ฑํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ

ing erotic images of women. The women in his

่ขซ็นฉๅญๆ†็ถ่‘—ๆˆ–่ขซๅŠๅœจๅคฉ่ŠฑๆฟไธŠ๏ผŒๆŠซ่‘—็œŸ็ตฒๅ’Œ

๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์† ์—ฌ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜(ๅŠ)๋ˆ„๋“œ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์— ๋ฌถ์ด

photos are tied up with ropes, hung from the

ๆœๆ“บๅ‡บๆฅต็›ก่ช˜ๆƒ‘็š„ๅงฟๆ…‹ใ€‚ๅ› ็ˆฒไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“่ตค่ฃธ่ฃธ

๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์žฅ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์œ ํ˜นํ•˜๋“ฏ ์‹คํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ชจ๋…ธ๋กœ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ฐ

ceiling half-naked, or wrapped in a silk kimono

ๅœฐ่กจ็พๅ‡บๆ€งๆ„›ใ€่ฃธ้ซ”ใ€ๆŸ็ธ›ใ€ๆญปไบก็ญ‰็คพๆœƒไธŠ่ฆ–

์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„น์Šค, ๋ˆ„๋“œ, ๊ตฌ์†, ์ฃฝ์Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธˆ

as if to seduce viewers. Documenting social

็ˆฒ็ฆๅฟŒ็š„ไธป้กŒ๏ผŒๆ‰€ไปฅไธ€็›ด้ƒฝ่ขซ่ฒผไธŠโ€œๆทซ็ฉขๆ”ๅฝฑ

๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—๋Š” ํฌ๋ฅด๋…ธ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ,

taboos such as sex, nudity, imprisonment,

่€…โ€ใ€โ€œๅŽญๆƒกๅฅณๆ€ง่€…โ€็ญ‰ๆจ™็ฐฝใ€‚

์—ฌ์„ฑํ˜์˜ค์ฆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋ถ™๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

and death, his works are associated with such

่’ๆœจ็ถ“ๆƒŸๆ›พๅฎฃๅ‘Šโ€œๆˆ‘ๆ˜ฏ็…ง็›ธๆฉŸโ€๏ผŒไป–ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ็”จ็…ง็›ธ

์•„๋ผํ‚ค ๋…ธ๋ถ€์š”์‹œ๊ฐ€ โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋‹คโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ทธ

words as โ€œpornographyโ€ and โ€œmisogynyโ€.

ๆฉŸ่จ˜้Œ„ไบ†ๅพžๅฐ่ฒ“ใ€่Šฑๆœตๅˆฐ่บซๆ‚ฃ็ต•็—‡ไธ€้ปž้ปžๆญปๅŽป

๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๊ฝƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋˜ ์•„๋‚ด ์š”์ฝ” ์•„๋ผํ‚ค

As he himself claimed, โ€œI am a camera,โ€ he has

็š„ๅฆปๅญ็ญ‰ๅ‘จ้‚ŠๅนพไนŽๆ‰€ๆœ‰็š„ไบบไบ‹็‰ฉใ€‚

์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊นŒ์ง€, ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

been capturing virtually everything and everybody

่’ๆœจ็ถ“ๆƒŸ็š„ไฝœๅ“็ธฝๆ˜ฏ็œŸๅฏฆ่€Œ็”Ÿๅ‹•ๅœฐ่กจ็พๅ‡บๆ”ๅฝฑ

์ดฌ์˜์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๋Š”

around him, from cats and flowers to his wife, Ar-

่€…ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„่ฆ–็ทšๅ’Œๆ„Ÿๆƒ…๏ผŒ่€Œ้€™็จฎ่—่ก“้ขจๆ ผๅฐๆ—ฅๆœฌ

์•„๋ผํ‚ค ๋…ธ๋ถ€์š”์‹œ์˜ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณ„์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„

aki Yoko, who died from cancer, with his camera.

ๆ”ๅฝฑ็•Œ็”ข็”Ÿไบ†่Žซๅคง็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ไปฅๅ€‹ไบบ็š„

์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์ทจ์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ

Araki Nobuyokiโ€™s style of vividly expressing his

็”Ÿๆดป็ˆฒไธป้กŒ๏ผŒๅป่ƒฝๅค ๅผ•่ตท่จฑๅคšไบบ็š„ๅ…ฑ้ณด้€ฒ่€Œๆ“„

์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ

personal perspectives and emotions in his pho-

็ฒไบบๅฟƒ๏ผŒๆญฃๆ˜ฏๅ› ็ˆฒไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆญ็คบไบ†็”Ÿ่ˆ‡ๆญป้€™ไธ€

์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ทผ์ €์— ๊น”๋ ค์žˆ

tos has profoundly influenced Japanese photog-

ไบบ้กžๆฐธๆ’็š„ๅ‘ฝ้กŒใ€‚

๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

raphers. His works are personal yet have broad public appeal because they deal with issues central to our lives, such as existence and death.

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Yayoi 44

Kusama 45


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Yayoi Kusama 1929- , Japanese ่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

Pumpkin ๅ—็“œ Acrylic on canvas 24.2ร—33.3cm(4), 9.5ร—13in 1995 signed on the reverse This work is accompanied with an artwork registration card issued by the artist studio.

HKD 1,050,000 - 1,500,000 CNY 870,000 - 1,250,000 USD 135,000 - 195,000 KRW 140,000,000 - 200,000,000

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Yayoi Kusama 1929- , Japanese ่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

Lemon Squash ๆชธๆชฌๆฑฝๆฐด Acrylic on canvas 91ร—72.7cm(30), 35.8ร—28.7in 1991 signed on the reverse This work is accompanied with an artwork registration card issued by the artist studio.

HKD 3,000,000 - 3,800,000 CNY 2,450,000 - 3,000,000 USD 390,000 - 490,000 KRW 400,000,000 - 500,000,000

PROVENANCE Fuji Television Gallery, Tokyo, Japan

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Yayoi Kusama 1929- , Japanese ่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

Dots ้ปž Acrylic on canvas 14ร—18cm, 5.5ร—7in 1999 signed on the reverse This work is accompanied with an artwork registration card issued by the artist studio.

HKD 300,000 - 450,000 CNY 250,000 - 375,000 USD 39,000 - 58,000 KRW 40,000,000 - 60,000,000

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Kim 52

TschangYeul 53


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Kim TschangYeul 1929- , Korean ้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด

Water Drops ๆฐด็  Oil on canvas 45.5ร—53cm(10), 18ร—20.9in 1977 signed on the lower right

HKD 450,000 - 600,000 CNY 375,000 - 500,000 USD 58,000 - 77,000 KRW 60,000,000 - 80,000,000

โ€œKim TschangYeulโ€™s water drops remind the viewer of the symbolic memory of something that emphasizes its presence with its absence.โ€ โ€“Pierre Restany

โ€œ้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ็š„ๆฐด็ ๅผท่ชฟไบ†่‡ชๆˆ‘ๅญ˜ๅœจๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚ๅˆๅ–š่ตทไบ†ๆŸ็จฎ่ฑกๅพๆ€ง็š„่จ˜ๆ†ถใ€‚โ€ โ€“ๅฝผๅŸƒ็ˆพยท้›ทๆ–ฏๅก”ๅฐผ

โ€œ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ˜„์กด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์  ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.โ€ โ€“ํ”ผ์—๋ฅด ๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€๋‹ˆ

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Kim TschangYeul 1929- , Korean ้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด

Water Drops ๆฐด็  Oil on hemp cloth 73ร—59.5cm(20), 28.7ร—23.4in 1978 signed on the lower right

HKD 830,000 - 1,400,000 CNY 650,000 - 1,100,000 USD 108,000 - 175,000 KRW 110,000,000 - 180,000,000

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Kim TschangYeul, who is famous as the โ€œliv-

้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ่ขซ่ญฝ็ˆฒ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹้žๅฎšๅฝข่—่ก“่ˆ‡ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ่กจ็พๆดพ็š„

ํ•œ๊ตญ ์•ตํฌ๋ฅด๋ฉœ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์˜ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ํ™”๋ผ ์ผ์ปฌ์–ด

ing legend of Korean lโ€™art informel and mono-

ๆดป็ฅž่ฉฑ๏ผŒ่ทŸๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅใ€้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบใ€็™ฝๅ—ๅ‡†ไธ€่ตทๆ˜ฏ้Ÿ“

์ง€๋Š” ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด์€ ์ด์šฐํ™˜, ๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ, ๋ฐฑ๋‚จ์ค€๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ•œ๊ตญ

chrome,โ€ is one of Koreaโ€™s representative mod-

ๅœ‹ๆœ€ๅ…ทไปฃ่กจๆ€ง็š„็พไปฃ็•ซๅฎถใ€‚ไป–ๆ–ผ1965ๅนดๅˆฐ็พŽ

ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. 1965๋…„์— ๋„๋ฏธํ•˜์—ฌ

ern artists along with Lee UFan, Kim WhanKi,

ๅœ‹๏ผŒๅˆฐ1969ๅนด็ˆฒๆญขๅฑ…ไฝๅœจ็ด็ด„ใ€‚ๅœจ้€™ๆฎตๆ™‚ๆœŸไป–

1969๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‰ด์š•์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•œ ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด์€ ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘๊บผ์šด

and Paik NamJune. While residing in New York

ๅ‰ตไฝœไบ†ๆœ‰ๅŽš้‡็š„่ณชๆ„Ÿใ€็ฒ—็‹‚็š„ๅ‰ๅญๅฐใ€ๆฉซ็ฉฟ็•ซ

์งˆ๊ฐ, ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์–ด์ง„ ๋‚˜์ดํ”„ ์ž๊ตญ, ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š”

from 1965 until 1969, Kim TschangYeul created

ๅธƒ็š„็ฒ—็ทšๆข็ญ‰็š„็‰น่‰ฒไฝœๅ“ใ€‚ไฝ†้€™็จฎ้ขจๆ ผๆฒ’ๆœ‰็ถญ

๊ตต์€ ์„  ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ง• ์ง€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜

art characterized by a thick texture, roughly-

ๆŒๅคšไน…๏ผŒๅพžไธŠๅ€‹ไธ–็ด€60ๅนดไปฃ่ตท๏ผŒไป–้–‹ๅง‹ๆ‘ธ็ดขๅฏ

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , 60๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜

made knife marks and thick lines crisscrossing

ไปฅๆ‰ฟ่ผ‰ๅ€‹ไบบๅ“ฒๅญธ็š„็ด ๆใ€‚1970ๅนดไปฅๅพŒไฝœ่€…็งปๅฑ…

์ž‘๊ฐ€์  ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๋‹ด๋Š” ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š”

the canvas. However, such styles did not last

ๅทด้ปŽ๏ผŒ่‡ช้‚ฃไปฅๅพŒ้–‹ๅง‹ไปฅๆฐดๆปด็ˆฒไธป้กŒ้€ฒ่กŒๅ‰ตไฝœใ€‚

ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•œ 1970๋…„ ์ดํ›„, ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ํ™”ํญ์— ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ

for long. Beginning in the late 1960s, Kim began

ๅพžไธŠๅ€‹ไธ–็ด€70ๅนดไปฃ้–‹ๅง‹๏ผŒไฝœ่€…็”จ่ถ…็ดšๅฏซๅฏฆไธป็พฉ

๋‹ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1970๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฃผ์˜

searching for a subject that better reflected his

ๆŠ€ๆณ•ๆ็นชๅ‡บๆฐดๆปดใ€‚็›ธๆฏ”ๅ…งๅฎน้žๅธธๅคšๆจฃ็š„ๅ‰ๆœŸไฝœ

๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•จ์„

artistic philosophy. After immigrating to Paris in

ๅ“๏ผŒ้€™ๆ™‚ๆœŸ็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅชๅฐˆๆณจๆ–ผๆฐดๆปด๏ผŒๅพžๆญค้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ

์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ์—

1970, Kim gradually began to fill his canvases

่ขซ็จฑ็ˆฒโ€˜ๆฐดๆปด็•ซๅฎถโ€™ใ€‚

์ฒœ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ โ€˜๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€โ€™๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๊ธฐ

with water drops. Kim TschangYeul began

้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ่ช็ˆฒ็•ซๆฐดๆปด็š„่กŒ็ˆฒๅ…ทๆœ‰ๅ†ฅๆƒณๅƒนๅ€ผ่ˆ‡ๆƒ…็ท’

์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

drawing water drops using the technique of

่ฝ‰ๆ›ๆ•ˆๆžœ๏ผŒ้€™ๆฐๅฅฝ่ˆ‡่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๆฑๆ–นๅ“ฒๅญธ่ง€ๆƒณ้€šใ€‚

๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ช…์ƒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ •์‹ ์  ํ™˜

photographic realism, in the 1970s. In contrast

ๆ–ผๆ˜ฏ1972ๅนดไป–้ฆ–ๆฌกๅœจๅทด้ปŽ็š„ <Salon de Mai>

๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋‹ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์–‘์  ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์ƒํ†ตํ•œ

to his earlier works that were more diverse, Kim

ๅฑ•็คบๅ‡บๆฐดๆปดไฝœๅ“ใ€‚ไป–ไธฆๆฒ’ๆœ‰ไฝฟ็”จ้ŽๅบฆๆธฒๆŸ“็š„ๆ–น

๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด์€ 1972๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ <Salon de Mai>์—์„œ

delved deep into using the water drop as his

ๅผ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏ้€š้Žๆฐดๆปดๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บไบ†็ฏ€ๅˆถ่ˆ‡ๆ…Ž้‡๏ผ›ไนŸ

๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด

main subject, which eventually brought him the

ๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ฎ“ๆ„่ญ˜ๆ”ฏ้…็•ซ้ข๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏๅŠ›็ˆญๆŠŠ่ถ…่ถŠๆ„่ญ˜็š„

๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ˆ์ œ์™€ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•จ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 

nickname of โ€˜water drop artist.โ€™

ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‘ˆ็พๅœจ็•ซไฝœไธญใ€‚ๆฐดๆปด็š„ๆœ€ๅคง็‰น้ปžๅฐฑๆ˜ฏๆฏ”ๅ–ป

์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜์‹์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„

Believing that the meditational value and โ€˜psy-

ๅ…ถๅญ˜ๅœจๆ˜ฏ้žๅธธ็Ÿญๆšซ็š„๏ผŒ้€š้Ž้€™็จฎ่ฝ‰็žฌๅณ้€็š„ๆฐด

์„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋‹ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๊ทธ

chological ventilationโ€™ that resulted from the act

ๆปด๏ผŒไฝœ่€…่ฉฎ้‡‹ไบ†ๅนปๆป…่ˆ‡ๆถˆๅคฑใ€‚็•ซ้ขไธญๆ–ๆ–ๆฌฒๅขœ

์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ผ์‹œ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ณง ์†Œ๋ฉธํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋Š”

of drawing water drops coincided with the East-

็š„ๆฐดๆปด๏ผŒ็œ‹่‘—ไผผไนŽๅฐฑ่ฆๆตไธ‹ไพ†๏ผŒๆˆ–่ขซ็•ซๅธƒๆ‰€ๅธ

๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฉธ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ

ern philosophy that he tried to embody in his art-

ๆ”ถ๏ผŒ็ตฆไบบไปฅไผผ้œ้ž้œ็š„็ทŠ่ฟซๆ„Ÿใ€‚ไป–ๆ‰€็•ซๅ‡บ็š„ๆฐด

์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”๋ฉด์— ์•„์Šฌ์•„์Šฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งบํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณง ํ˜

work, Kim TschangYeul first exhibited his water

ๆปดๆฅตๅ…ถ้€ผ็œŸ๏ผŒ้€™็จฎ่กจ็พๆŠ€ๆณ•่ฎ“ไบบ้™ทๅ…ฅไธ€็จฎๅนปๆƒณ

๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์— ํก์ˆ˜๋ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธด

drop art in 1972 at the <Salon de Mai> in Paris.

ไน‹ไธญ๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บไบ†ๆฆ‚ๅฟต่ˆ‡ไบ‹็‰ฉใ€่™›ๅนป่ˆ‡็œŸๅฏฆ

์žฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ โ€˜์ง„์งœ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธโ€™๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์ด๋„๋ก ๊ทธ

Through the water drop, Kim attempted to con-

ไน‹้–“็š„ๆŸ็จฎๆฑ่ฅฟ๏ผŒๅพž่€Œๅ‘ไบบๅ€‘ๆๅ‡บไบ†ๅชๆœ‰่‡ช็œ

๋ ค์ง„ ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์€ ํšŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฃจ์ „์˜

vey a method of expression that was restrained

ๆ‰่ƒฝๅ›ž็ญ”็š„ๅ“ฒๅญธๅ•้กŒใ€‚

๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด ํ˜น์€ ํ—ˆ

and cautious rather than excessive together

๊ตฌ์™€ ์‹ค์žฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊นŠ์€ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ 

with allowing time to transcend consciousness

ํ•™์  ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

rather than dominating the canvas with it. The most prominent feature of the water drop is the temporality of its existence. By drawing paintings of water drops that exist only to quickly disappear, the artist draws extinction and disappearance. The water drops that cling so tenuously to the screen look like they will soon drip down or be absorbed into the canvas, creating a sense of tension for the viewer. Drawn to look just like โ€˜realโ€™ water drops, Kimโ€™s water drops not only pose the question of illusion that every artist faces but also the philosophical question of being caught between concept and object, fiction and reality.

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Kim TschangYeul 1929- , Korean ้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด

Water Drops ๆฐด็  Oil on newspaper 58ร—39.5cm, 22.8ร—15.5in 1981 signed on the lower right

HKD 140,000 - 200,000 CNY 110,000 - 170,000 USD 18,000 - 26,000 KRW 18,000,000 - 25,000,000

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Kim TschangYeul 1929- , Korean ้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด

Recurrence ๅ›žๆญธ Oil on hemp cloth 162ร—130cm(100), 63.8ร—51.2in 2007 signed on the right side

HKD 485,000 - 600,000 CNY 400,000 - 500,000 USD 63,000 - 77,000 KRW 65,000,000 - 80,000,000

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Kim 64

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Fig.1 Jars and Women 54x120cm, 1951

Fig.2 Jar 88x143cm, 1957

Fig.3 Mountains and Moon 162x97cm, 1961

A pioneering Korean abstract artist, Kim WhanKi is

blue tones of the work reminiscent of a water-color

ๅŸบ่ชฟ๏ผŒไนŸๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ่ชชไป–ๅพžไพ†้ƒฝๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๆ”พๆฃ„้Žโ€˜ๅคง่‡ช็„ถโ€™ใ€‚ไป–

์ ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋  ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด ์†์—๋Š” ์ ๋“ค์˜

known for the distinctly Korean lyricism of his work.

painting surround the lines and colorful dots and

็ต‚ๅ…ถไธ€็”Ÿ้ƒฝๆ˜ฏ็ด”็ฒนๆ„็พฉไธŠ็š„โ€˜่‡ช็„ถไบบโ€™๏ผŒไป–่ˆ‡ๅคง่‡ช็„ถ

์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ–‰๋ ฌ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ชจ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์˜ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ

Kim was most active during his career in Paris

then spread out from them to be absorbed into

ๆœ€ๆ นๆœฌ็š„ไบคๆตๅœจ็ด็ด„้€™ๅ€‹ๆ–‡ๆ˜Ž้ซ˜ๅบฆ็™ผๅฑ•็š„ๅŸŽๅธ‚ๅ

์šธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์ด ์ž”์ž”ํ•œ ์—ฌ์šด์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€, ์ ์„ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

(1956-1959) and New York (1963-1974). Until the

blank spaceโ€”like the endless echoes of nature

่€Œๆ›ดๅŠ ๆทฑๅ…ฅใ€ๆ›ดๅŠ ็ด”ๆทจใ€‚

์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๊ตณ์–ด์งˆ ๋ฌด๋ ต์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.

1950s, after his return to Korea from Paris, Kim

reverberating in our memories.

ไฝœๅ“็š„้กŒ็›ฎโ€œๅ›ž้Ÿณโ€ๆฅตๅฏŒๅ•Ÿ็™ผๆ€งใ€‚ๅ›ž้Ÿณๆ˜ฏ่‡ช็„ถ็พ่ฑก๏ผŒ

๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์š• ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถ”์ƒํ™”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณ€์‹ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์œผ

created works of controlled, understated artistic

Blue tones are commonly seen in Kim WhanKiโ€™s

ๅŒๆ™‚ไนŸๅŒ…ๆถต่‘—ๅคš็จฎ้šฑๅ–ปใ€‚ๅฎƒๅฏ่ƒฝๆ˜ฏๅคง่‡ช็„ถ็š„ๅๆ‡‰

๋‚˜, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ง€๋ถ€๋™ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘

style. In the 1960s in New York, Kim delved more

work. Blue represents the moon and can be in-

ไนƒ่‡ณ้ค˜้Ÿป๏ผŒไนŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ˜ฏ้ขๅฐๅคง่‡ช็„ถๆ™‚ๅœจๆˆ‘ๅ€‘ๅ…งๅฟƒ

๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ทธ์˜ ํ•œ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ๊ธฐ์กฐ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด โ€˜์ž์—ฐโ€™์„

deeply into the universal, intimate, and lyrical world,

terpreted as a symbol of the artistโ€™s longing. With

ๆทฑ่™•็ธˆ็นž็š„ๆ„Ÿๅ‹•ใ€‚ๆทก้›…่€Œๆตๅ‹•็š„็ดซ่‰ฒ่ฎ“ไบบ่ฏๆƒณ่ตท

๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ์˜ โ€˜์ž

using dots, lines, and planes to depict mountains,

its transcendent qualities and ability to inspire in

ๆฐดๅฝฉ็•ซใ€‚้’่‰ฒ่ชฟ็š„็•ซ้ขไปฟไฝ›็’ฐๆŠฑ่‘—็ทšๅ’Œ่‰ฒ้ปž๏ผŒๅˆ

์—ฐ์ธ(่‡ช็„ถไบบ)โ€™์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ

the moon, rivers, and other concrete objects.

our minds a sense of longing and nostalgia, blue

่‡ช้‚ฃ่ฃ่”“ๅปถ่€Œๅ‡บ๏ผŒ่€Œ้‚ฃ่”“ๅปถ็š„่‰ฒ้ข่ขซๅธๆ”ถ้€ฒ็•™็™ฝ

์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ ์ธ ๊ต๊ฐ์€ ๋‰ด์š•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ช…ํ™”๋œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ

This work consists of pure dots, lines, and planes

seems to be the color the artist believes best em-

่ฃ๏ผŒๆ•ดๅน…็•ซๅฐฑๅƒๆ˜ฏ้™้ ่จ˜ๆ†ถ่ฃๅ›ž่•ฉ่ตท็š„ๅคง่‡ช็„ถ็š„

์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ˆœํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

on a canvas. The artistโ€™s favorite natural motifs are

bodies both our sentiments and his own identity.

ๅ›ž้Ÿณ๏ผŒ็•™ไธ‹็„ก็›ก็š„้ค˜้Ÿปใ€‚

ํ™”์ œ(็•ต้กŒ) โ€˜๋ฉ”์•„๋ฆฌโ€™๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ (็คบๅ”†็š„)์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์•„๋ฆฌ๋Š”

absent; rather, dots of various sizes form a natural

้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบๅœจไฝœๅ“ไธญ็ถ“ๅธธไฝฟ็”จ้’่‰ฒ๏ผŒ่€Œไธ”้€šๅธธๆ˜ฏๅœจไปฅ

์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์€์œ ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€

queue across the canvas. This is an early piece

ๆœˆไบฎ็ˆฒไธป้กŒ็š„ไฝœๅ“่ฃๅฝขๆˆไธป่‰ฒ่ชฟใ€‚้’่‰ฒๆ˜ฏ้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบ

๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์šด์ผ

completed during the period when Kim first intro-

้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็ฌฌไธ€ไปฃๆŠฝ่ฑก็นช็•ซ่—่ก“ๅฎถ้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅผๆŠ’ๆƒ…

็”จไพ†่กจ็พๆœˆไบฎ็š„้ก่‰ฒ๏ผŒ่กจ้”ไบ†ไฝœ่€…็š„ๆ€ๅฟตไน‹ๆƒ…ใ€‚

์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์•ž์— ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์— ์šธ๋ ค ํผ์ง€

duced dots into his work, and is noted for its blue

ไธป็พฉ็š„ๅŸบ็คŽไธŠ๏ผŒๅปบ็ซ‹ไบ†่‡ชๅทฑ็‰นๆœ‰็š„่—่ก“ไธ–็•Œใ€‚ไป–ๅœจ

้’่‰ฒๅ…ทๆœ‰่ถ…ๅ‡ก่„ซไฟ—ๅ’Œๆ†งๆ†ฌใ€้„‰ๆ„็ญ‰ๅฝข่ฑก๏ผŒๆญฃๆ˜ฏๆœ€

๋Š” ๊ฐ๋™์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ฑ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ผ€ ํ•˜

tones and lingering imagery.

ๅทด้ปŽๆ™‚ไปฃ๏ผˆ1956-1959๏ผ‰ๅ’Œ็ด็ด„ๆ™‚ไปฃ๏ผˆ1963-1974๏ผ‰ๅ‰ตไฝœ

่ƒฝ่กจ็พไฝœ่€…ๆƒณ่ฆ่กจ้”็š„้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅผๆƒ…ๆ„Ÿ็š„้ก่‰ฒ๏ผŒไนŸๆ˜ฏ

๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋™์ ์ธ ๋ณด๋ž๋น›, ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์กฐ์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ์„ ๊ณผ ์ƒ‰์ 

Kim is said to have turned to abstract art in New

ๆœ€็ˆฒๆดป่บใ€‚ๅฆ‚ๆžœ่ชชๅทด้ปŽๆ™‚ไปฃๅ’Œ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ™‚ไปฃ็š„1950ๅนด

ๆœ€่ƒฝ่กจ็พ้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบ่‡ชๅทฑ่บซไปฝ่ชๅŒ็š„้ก่‰ฒใ€‚

์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒˆ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ,

York. Though this may be true, there is one theme

ไปฃไป–็š„่—่ก“้ขจๆ ผ่ถจๅ‘ๆ–ผๅœจๅšดๆ ผ็ฏ€ๅˆถ็š„้€ ๅž‹ไธญ้ซ”็พ

that has always charged the artistโ€™s work: nature.

้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็‰นๆœ‰็š„ๆŠ’ๆƒ…ไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒ้‚ฃ้บผ1960ๅนดไปฃ็š„็ด็ด„ๆ™‚ไปฃ

Fig.4 Night in Winter 07-II-66 178x127cm, 1966

๊ทธ ๋ฒˆ์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋ฉด์ด ์—ฌ๋ฐฑ ์†์— ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๋จผ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์†์— ๋˜์‚ด์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฉ”์•„๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ์šด

Kim lived as a faithful โ€œnaturalistโ€ throughout his

ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅ‰‡ๆ˜ฏๅฑฑๅทใ€ๆ˜Žๆœˆใ€ๆฑŸๆฒณ็ญ‰ๅ…ท้ซ”็š„ไบ‹็‰ฉๅฐ

ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ถ”์ƒ๋ฏธ์ˆ  1์„ธ๋Œ€์ธ ๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ์„œ์ •์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•

entire lifeโ€”using naturalist ideals as the foundation

่ฑกๆผธๆผธๅœฐไปฅ้ปžใ€็ทšใ€้ข้€™ไบ›็ด”็ฒน็š„้€ ๅž‹่ฆ็ด ๆ‰€ๆ›ฟ

์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋Œ€(1956-

๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „ ์—ฐ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ฒˆ๋ฒˆ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„

for his work. This instinct seems to have become

ๆ›๏ผŒๆŠ’ๆƒ…ไธ–็•Œ่ฎŠๅพ—ๆ›ดๅŠ ๆ™ฎ้่€Œ้šฑ็ง˜ใ€‚

1959)์™€ ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ๋Œ€(1963-1974)์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์™•์„ฑํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ณด

๋‹ฌ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „๋ฉด

even more profound and sincere during his time in

้€™ๆฌกๅฑ•ๅ‡บ็š„ไฝœๅ“็•ซ้ขๅฎŒๅ…จ็”ฑ็ด”็ฒน็š„้ปžใ€็ทšใ€้ขๆง‹

์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์™€ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” 1950๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€

์— ๊น”๋ ค์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ฐ€

the highly civilized city of New York.

ๆˆใ€‚ไฝœ่€…ไธ€ๅ‘้พๆ„›็š„่‡ช็„ถ้กŒๆไธ่ฆ‹ไบ†๏ผŒๆ›ฟไปฃๅฎƒๅ€‘็š„

๊ทธ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ์ œ๋œ ์กฐํ˜•์„ฑ ์†์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ

์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›€์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์ด ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ์›”์ ์ธ ์†์„ฑ

The title of this work, Echo, is highly suggestive. An

ๆ˜ฏๅคงๅคงๅฐๅฐ็š„ๅœ“้ปž๏ผŒ็•ซ้ข่ฃ้€™ไบ›ๅœ“้ปžๅฝขๆˆไธ€ๅฎš็š„็’ฐ

์„œ์ •์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด, 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—

๊ณผ ๋™๊ฒฝ, ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์šฐ

echo is a natural phenomenon and, at the same

็‹€๏ผŒ่‡ช็„ถ็š„ๆŽ’ๅˆ—้กฏๅพ—ๅๅˆ†ๅ’Œ่ซงใ€‚้€™ๆ˜ฏไธ€ๅน…้’่‰ฒ็š„็ดฐ

์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ, ๋‹ฌ, ๊ฐ• ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ , ์„ , ๋ฉด

๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ์ด์ž, ๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •

time, a word that possesses various metaphorical

่†ฉๅ›ž้Ÿณๅธถ็ตฆไบบๆทกๆทก้ค˜้Ÿป็š„ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒๆญฃๆ˜ฏไฝœ่€…ๅœจๆฑบๅฟƒไปฅ

์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์กฐํ˜• ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋Œ€์น˜๋˜์–ด ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์„œ์ •

์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰์กฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

implications. It can be a reflection of nature, a lin-

ๅœ“้ปž็ˆฒไธป้€ฒ่กŒๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„ๆ™‚ๆœŸ่ช•็”Ÿ็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚

์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹ฌํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

gering impression of nature, or the emotional reso-

้›–็„ถ้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบๅฎšๅฑ…็ด็ด„ๅพŒ่ฎŠๆˆไบ†ๆŠฝ่ฑกๆดพ็•ซๅฎถ๏ผŒไฝ†ๆ˜ฏๆœ‰

์ด๋ฒˆ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์€ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ , ์„ , ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

nance that touches the heart. The clean purple and

ไธ€้ปžๆ˜ฏๅพžไพ†ๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ฎŠ้Ž็š„๏ผŒ้‚ฃๅฐฑๆ˜ฏไป–ไธ€ๆˆไธ่ฎŠ็š„่—่ก“

์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋˜ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€

์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig.5 Untitled 19-III-74 175x125cm, 1974

๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์—ฐ๋Œ€ํ‘œ Kim WhanKi Chronology 1933-1937 Tokyo Periodยทๆฑไบฌๆ™‚ไปฃยท๋™๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋Œ€

1956-1959 Paris Periodยทๅทด้ปŽๆ™‚ไปฃยทํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋Œ€

1963-1974 New York Periodยท็ด็ด„ๆ™‚ไปฃยท๋‰ด์š•์‹œ๋Œ€

Influenced by Cubism and Structuralism ๅ—ๅˆฐ็ซ‹้ซ”ๆดพใ€ๆง‹ๆˆๆดพ็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ ์ž…์ฒดํŒŒ, ๊ตฌ์„ฑํŒŒ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ›์Œ

Expressed Korean materials by blurring the border between the abstract and the concrete and through simplification and symbolization ๅฐ‡้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅผ็š„็ด ๆๅพžๅ…ท่ฑกๅ’ŒๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„็•Œ้™ไธญ้€ฒ่กŒๆ็นช๏ผŒ ๅ–ฎ็ด”ๅŒ–ๅ’Œ่ฑกๅพๅŒ– ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ถ”์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ƒ„. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”, ์ƒ์ง•ํ™”ํ•จ Fig.2

Engaged in abstract work using points and lines ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœๅˆฉ็”จ้ปž่ˆ‡็ทš็š„ๆŠฝ่ฑกไฝœๅ“ ์ , ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ƒ์ž‘์—…

Elements of concrete art remain ้‚„ๆฎ˜็•™่‘—้€ ๅฝข็š„ๅฝขๆ…‹ ์กฐํ˜•์  ํ˜•์ƒ ์ž”์žฌํ•จ

1913 Born in Jeollanam-do, Korea ๅ…จ็พ…ๅ—้“ๆ–ฐๅฎ‰้ƒก็ฎ•ไฝๅณถๅ‡บ็”Ÿ ์ „๋‚จ ์‹ ์•ˆ๊ตฐ ๊ธฐ์ขŒ๋„ ์ถœ์ƒ

1937-1956 Seoul Periodยท้ฆ–็ˆพๆ™‚ไปฃยท์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋Œ€

1959-1963 Late Seoul PeriodยทๅพŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ™‚ไปฃยทํ›„๊ธฐ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋Œ€

Expressed traditional Korean beauty based on the Avant-Garde and modern art ไปฅๅ‰่ก›ๅ’Œๆ‘ฉ็™ป็ˆฒๅŸบ็คŽ่กจ็พ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็š„ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ็พŽ ์ „์œ„์™€ ๋ชจ๋˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต๋ฏธ ํ‘œํ˜„

Transition period from the concrete to the abstract ๅพžๅ…ท่ฑก่ฝ‰็ˆฒๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„้ŽๆธกๆœŸ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ์  ๋ชจ์Šต

Fig.1

Fig.3

Fig.4

1970

Turned to abstract art completely ๅฎŒๅ…จ็š„ๆŠฝ่ฑก ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ถ”์ƒ Fig.5

1974 Died in New York ๅœจ็ด็ด„้€ไธ– ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ณ 


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Kim WhanKi 1913-1974, Korean ้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบ ๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ

Echo ๅ›ž้Ÿณ Oil on canvas 210ร—160cm, 82.7ร—63in 1965 signed on the lower right and reverse

HKD 4,500,000 - 6,000,000 CNY 3,700,000 - 5,000,000 USD 590,000 - 780,000 KRW 600,000,000 - 800,000,000 PROVENANCE Sรฃo Paulo Biennale, Brasil, 1965 LITERATURE Kumsung Publishing, Korea Modern Paintings, A Western Painting 5, Kim WhanKi, 1990, pl.29.

Other works featured at the 1965 Sรฃo Paulo Biennale

Untitled 210ร—158cm, 1965

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Work 169.5ร—100.5cm, 1965

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Kim WhanKi 1913-1974, Korean ้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบ ๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ

19-II-68 Oil on paper 60ร—37cm, 23.6ร—14.6in 1968 signed on the lower right

HKD 380,000 - 450,000 CNY 310,000 - 380,000 USD 49,000 - 58,000 KRW 50,000,000 - 60,000,000

70

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David Gerstein 1944- , Israeli ๆˆด็ถญยท่‘›็ˆพๆ–ฏๅฆ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๊ฑธ์Šคํƒ€์ธ

Infinity Tour ็„ก็›ก็š„ๆ—…็จ‹ Hand painted cutout steel 95ร—160ร—10(d)cm, 37.4ร—63ร—3.9(d)in, Ed.88/150 2010 signed on the lower center

HKD 112,000 - 200,000 CNY 90,000 - 160,000 USD 14,000 - 26,000 KRW 15,000,000 - 25,000,000

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David Gerstein attempts to translate two-dimen-

ๆˆด็ถญยท่‘›็ˆพๆ–ฏๅฆๆ‹“ๅฑ•ไบ†็นช็•ซ็š„็•Œ็ทš๏ผŒๅฐ‡ๅนณ้ข็š„

๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๊ฑธ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์€ ์ด์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ํšŒํ™”์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์›

sional painting into the realm of three-dimen-

็นช็•ซๅปถไผธ่‡ณ็ซ‹้ซ”็š„้›•ๅˆป้ ˜ๅŸŸใ€‚ไป–ๅˆฉ็”จ็จ็‰น็š„ๆ

์  ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋„“ํžˆ๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜

sional sculpture. He depicts scenes of everyday

ๆ–™ๅ’Œ่กจ็พๆ‰‹ๆณ•ๅฐ‡ๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปไธญ้šจ่™•ๅฏ่ฆ‹็š„ๅ ดๆ™ฏ้‡

์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ๋ฉด๋“ค์„ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ

life using distinct materials and techniques, an

็พๅ‡บไพ†๏ผŒๅฝขๆˆไบ†่‡ชๅทฑ็จ็‰น็š„่ˆ‡ๅคง็œพ่ฟ‘่ท้›ขไบ’ๅ‹•

ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค๊ณผ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ํ˜ธํกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์ž‘

approach which lends his work a more acces-

็š„่—่ก“ไธ–็•Œใ€‚

ํ’ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

sible feel.

้€™ๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ็นช็š„ๆ˜ฏไธๅœๅ‘ๅ‰่ก็š„่‡ช่กŒ่ปŠ

์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์‰ด ์ƒˆ ์—†์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค

Infinity Tour vividly depicts a procession of cyclists

่ณฝ่ปŠๆ‰‹๏ผŒๅฐ‡ๆ€ฅ้€Ÿ้ฃ›้ฆณไธ€ๅˆปไนŸไธๅœๆญ‡็š„่ปŠ้šŠ็”Ÿๅ‹•

์˜ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์„ ์ƒ๋™๊ฐ ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์พŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ

riding their bikes at great speed. For this wall

่€Œ่ผ•ๅฟซๅœฐๅฑ•็พๅ‡บไพ†ใ€‚ๅˆฉ็”จ้›ป่…ฆ้€ฒ่กŒๆฟ€ๅ…‰ๅˆ‡ๅ‰ฒๅ’Œ

์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์ปคํŒ…๊ณผ ํŽ˜์ธํŒ…์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด

sculpture Gerstein employed computer-aided la-

ไธŠ่‰ฒ๏ผŒ้€š้Ž็ฐกๆฝ”็”Ÿๅ‹•็š„้‹็ญ†๏ผŒ็”จๆฅตๅฏŒๅฑคๆฌกๆ„Ÿ็š„

์„œ๋„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ๋ถ“์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋™

ser cutting techniques and brush strokes, which

่กจ็พๆ–นๅผๅฐ‡่‡ช่กŒ่ปŠ่ณฝ่ปŠๆ‰‹ๅ……ๆปฟๅ‹•ๆ„Ÿ่ˆ‡ๆดปๅŠ›็š„็”Ÿ

๊ฐ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋“ค์„ ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฏธ์ปฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

add a sense of dynamism to this simple scene.

ๆดปๆท‹ๆผ“็›ก่‡ดๅœฐ่กจ็พๅ‡บไพ†ใ€‚

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Julian Opieโ€™s work involves scanning photo-

ๆœฑๅˆฉๅฎ‰ยทๅฅงๅŸน็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๆ˜ฏๅพž็…ง็‰‡้–‹ๅง‹๏ผŒๅ…ˆ็”จ้›ป่…ฆ

์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ

Julian Opie 1958- , British

graphic images into a computer and changing

ๅฐ‡็…ง็‰‡ๅฝข่ฑก้€ฒ่กŒ็ฐกๅ–ฎๅŒ–๏ผŒ็„ถๅพŒๅช็•™ไธ‹ๆœ€้œ€่ฆ็š„

์ง„์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™” ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„, ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ œ

the shapes and colors of the images so that only

้ƒจๅˆ†๏ผŒๅ…ถๅฎƒๅ…จ้ƒจๅˆช้™คๆŽ‰๏ผŒๅฐฑ้€™ๆจฃๆ”น่ฎŠไบ†ๅฝขๆ…‹ๅ’Œ

๊ฑฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ

their graphic essentials remain. He is credited

่‰ฒๅฝฉๅพŒๆ‰้–‹ๅง‹่‘—ๆ‰‹้€ฒ่กŒๅ‰ตไฝœใ€‚ไป–้€š้Žๅฐ‡ไบบ็‰ฉ็”จ

๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์„ ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด

with having created a new form of pop art with

ๅ–ฎ็ด”็š„็ทšๆขๅ’Œๅฝขๆ…‹ไพ†้ซ”็พ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ้Ž็จ‹๏ผŒๅ‰ต้€ ๅ‡บ

ํŒ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

his portraits, which are composed of simplified

ไบ†ๆ–ฐ็š„ๆ–ฐๅฏซๅฏฆไธป็พฉๅฝข่ฑกใ€‚

์ด๋ฒˆ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์€ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ

lines and shapes.

้€™ๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ็นช็š„ๆ˜ฏ่˜‡ๅง้‚่‘—็Ÿฏๅฅ่€Œ่ผ•ๅฟซ

์ธ๊ณต์ธ ์ˆ˜์ž”์ด ํ•œ๊ฑธ์Œ ํ•œ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋‚ด๋”›์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋‹น

Suzanne Walking features one of Opieโ€™s favorite

็š„ๆญฅไผไธ€ๆญฅไธ€ๆญฅ่กŒ่ตฐ็š„ๆจฃๅญใ€‚่˜‡ๅงๆ˜ฏๅฅงๅŸน็š„ไฝœ

๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์พŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ˆ˜์ž”์„ ์ƒ์ง•

muses, Suzanne. Here the details that symbol-

ๅ“ไธญๆœ€ๅธธๅ‡บ็พ็š„ไธปไบบๅ…ฌ๏ผŒๅœจ้€™ๅน…ไฝœๅ“่ฃ๏ผŒ่ฑกๅพ

ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ƒ‰์กฐ์™€ ๊ฒ€์€ ์œค๊ณฝ์„ 

ize and express Suzanne are all captured one-

่˜‡ๅง็š„็ดฐ็ฏ€ๅ’Œๆฐฃๆฐ›้ƒฝ้‡‡็”จไบ†ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ่ชฟๅ’Œ้ป‘่‰ฒ็š„่ผช

์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”๋˜์–ด ๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์–‘๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์„ฑ

dimensionally in simplified black lines and in a few

ๅป“็ทšๆข๏ผŒ็”จๆฅต็ˆฒ็ฐกๅ–ฎ็š„ๅนพๅ€‹็ทšๆขๅ’Œๅฝข็‹€ๅฎŒๆˆไบ†

๋œ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ ํŠน์œ ์˜ 1์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋กœ ์žฌํƒ„์ƒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

shapesโ€”an approach unique to Opieโ€™s work.

ๅฅงๅŸน็‰นๆœ‰็š„ไธ€็ถญ้ขจๆ ผใ€‚

ๆœฑๅˆฉๅฎ‰ยทๅฅฅๅŸน ์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ

Suzanne Walking ่กŒ่ตฐ็š„่˜‡ๅง Continuous computer animation, computer film, 40" LCD screen 95ร—61ร—20(d)cm, 37.4ร—24ร—8(d)in, Ed.1/4 2005

HKD 230,000 - 390,000 CNY 190,000 - 320,000 USD 30,000 - 50,000 KRW 31,000,000 - 52,000,000

PROVENANCE Scai the Bathhouse, Tokyo, Japan, 2009 ยฉ Julian Opie, courtesy (gallery)

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Richard Pettibone 1938- , American ็†ๆŸฅๅพทยทไฝฉ่’‚ไผฏๆฉ ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ํŽ˜ํ‹ฐ๋ณธ

Andy Warhol โ€œFlowersโ€ 1965 ๅฎ‰่ฟชยทๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพโ€œ่Šฑโ€1965 Oil-silkscreen on canvas 15.8ร—15.8cm, 6.2ร—6.2in(each) 2011 signed on the reverse

HKD 340,000 - 450,000 CNY 280,000 - 370,000 USD 44,000 - 58,000 KRW 45,000,000 - 60,000,000 PROVENANCE Leo Castelli, New York, USA

Richard Pettibone is a pioneer of โ€œappropriation

็†ๆŸฅๅพทยทไฝฉ่’‚ไผฏๆฉๆ˜ฏๆŒช็”จ่—่ก“(Appropriation

๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ํŽ˜ํ‹ฐ๋ณธ์€ ๋„์šฉ๋ฏธ์ˆ (Appropriation art)์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ 

art.โ€ He began his career as an appropriation

art)็š„ไปฃ่กจๆ€งไบบ็‰ฉ๏ผŒๅฐ่—่ก“้€ฒ่กŒ่—่ก“ๅ‰ตไฝœใ€‚ไฝฉ

์ธ ์„ ๋‘์ž๋กœ์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. 1960๋…„๋Œ€

artist in the early 1960s, creating miniaturized

่’‚ไผฏๆฉๅพž1960ๅนดไปฃๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹้€ฒ่กŒๆŒช็”จๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒไป–ๅฐ‡

์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์šฉ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํŽ˜ํ‹ฐ๋ณธ์€ ์žก์ง€์— ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ์•ค๋””

versions of famous iconic pop art works by Andy

้›œๅฟ—ไธŠๅˆŠ็™ป็š„ๅฎ‰่ฟชยทๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพใ€็พ…ไผŠยท่ฃๅฅ‡็‰นๆ–ฏ

์›Œํ™€, ๋กœ์ด ๋ฆฌํžˆํ…์Šˆํƒ€์ธ, ํ”„๋žญํฌ ์Šคํ…”๋ผ, ์žฌ์Šคํผ ์กด์Šค

Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Frank Stella, and Jas-

ๅฆใ€ๅผ—่˜ญๅ…‹ยทๆ–ฏ็‰นๆ‹‰ใ€่ณˆๆ–ฏๅŸนยท็“Šๆ–ฏ็ญ‰่‘—ๅๆณข

์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์„ค์ ์ธ ํŒ์•„ํŠธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์•„์ด์ฝ˜ํ™”ํ•˜

per Jones, which were featured prominently in

ๆ™ฎ่—่ก“็•ซๅฎถ็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅˆถไฝœๆˆๅœ–ๆจ™ๅฝขๅผ๏ผŒๅ‰ต้€ ๅ‡บๅฐ

์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์–ด์ฒ˜ ๋ฒ„์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์–ด์ฒ˜ ๋ฒ„

magazines. These miniaturized versions give

ๆจกๅž‹็‰ˆใ€‚้€™็จฎๅฐๆจกๅž‹็‰ˆๅฐฑๅƒๅฐๆ™‚ๅ€™ๆ‹ฟๅœจๆ‰‹่ฃ็Žฉ

์ „์€ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€๋˜ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ ๋ชจํ˜•

viewers a sense of dรฉjร  vu, spurring memories

่€็š„็Žฉๅ…ท็ซ่ปŠไธ€ๆจฃ๏ผŒ่ฎ“ไบบๆ„Ÿ่ฆบๅพˆ็†Ÿๆ‚‰ใ€‚ไฝฉ่’‚ไผฏ

๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•จ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ํŽ˜

of the toy model trains of childhood. Pettiboneโ€™s

ๆฉ็š„้€™็จฎ้ขจ่ถฃ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๅœจ้”้”ไธป็พฉ่—่ก“ๅ’Œๆณขๆ™ฎ่—

ํ‹ฐ๋ณธ์˜ ์œ„ํŠธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํŒ์•„ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ต

witty works serve as a bridge between Dada

่ก“ไน‹้–“่ตทๅˆฐไบ†ๆฉ‹ๆขไฝœ็”จ๏ผŒไนŸไฝฟๆ”ๅฝฑๅ’Œ็นช็•ซไน‹้–“

๋Ÿ‰ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ํšŒํ™”๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด

and pop art, and reinforce the ambiguous rela-

ๆจก็ณŠไธๆธ…็š„้—œ็ณป่ฎŠๅพ—ๅ…ท้ซ”ๅŒ–ใ€‚

ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

tionship between photography and painting.

ๅœจ้€™ๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“่ฃ๏ผŒไฝฉ่’‚ไผฏๆฉๅฐ‡ๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพ็š„ๆœจ

์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์—์„œ ํŽ˜ํ‹ฐ๋ณธ์€ ์›Œํ™€์˜ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋„คํŠธ ๊ฝƒ์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ธ

Pettiboneโ€™s Andy Warhol, โ€œFlowersโ€, 1965 fea-

ๆงฟ่Šฑไฝœๅ“ใ€Š่Šฑใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ๅšๆˆๅœ–ๆจ™็•ซไบ†ๅ‡บไพ†ใ€‚ๅพฎ็ธฎ็‰ˆ

<Flowers> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์•„์ด์ฝ˜ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ

tures reproductions of Andy Warholโ€™s <Flowers>

็š„ๅฐๆจกๅž‹ๅฐๅˆฐๅฏไปฅๆŽ›ๅœจ็Žฉๅถ็š„ๆˆฟๅญ่ฃ๏ผŒไฝœ่€…้€š

ํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์–ด์ฒ˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€

series, i.e. prints of the Mandrinette with petals

้Ž้€™ๆจฃ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒๅผท็ƒˆๅœฐๆ”พๅคงไบ†ๅฐไฝœ่€…ๅ‰ตๆ„ๆ€ง็š„

์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํ‰์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„

โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€

in different colors. This artistโ€™s work asks some

ๆ‰น่ฉ•๏ผŒๅฐ่—่ก“ๅฎถไฝœ็ˆฒๆ“ๆœ‰็ต•ๅฐๆฌŠๅจ็š„ๅ‰ต้€ ่€…ๆ‡‰

์ฐฝ์กฐ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง€

sensitive questions about the role of artists as

่ฉฒ็™ผๆฎไป€้บผๆจฃ็š„่ง’่‰ฒๆๅ‡บไบ†็Š€ๅˆฉ็š„่ณชๅ•ใ€‚

๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

- ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ํŽ˜ํ‹ฐ๋ณธ

โ€œI wanted to be a great painter. What better way to do that than to copy a great painting?โ€ - Richard Pettibone

โ€œๆˆ‘ๆƒณๆˆ็ˆฒๅ‰ๅคง็š„็•ซๅฎถ๏ผŒๆœ‰ไป€้บผๆ–นๆณ•ๆœƒๆฏ”ๆจกไปฟๅ‰ๅคง็š„็•ซไฝœๆ›ดๅฅฝๅ‘ข?โ€ - ็†ๆŸฅๅพทยทไฝฉ่’‚ไผฏๆฉ

creators granted absolute authority.

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Keith Haring 1958-1990, American ๅ‡ฏๆ–ฏยทๅ“ˆๆž— ํ‚ค์Šค ํ•ด๋ง

Untitled ็„ก้กŒ Acrylic on canvas 30ร—30cm, 11.8ร—11.8in 1984 signed on the reverse

HKD 630,000 - 750,000 CNY 520,000 - 650,000 USD 81,000 - 97,000 KRW 85,000,000 - 100,000,000 PROVENANCE Christie's New York: May 17, 2007 [Lot. 39] Price Realized: $120,000

Keith Haring is best known for the lively, bold,

ๅ‡ฑๆ–ฏยทๅ“ˆๆž—ๆ“…ๆ–ผ็”จๅคง่†ฝ็š„่ผชๅป“็ทšๆขๅ’Œ็ฐกๅ–ฎๅŒ–็š„

๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ์œค๊ณฝ์„ ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”๋œ ์‹ค๋ฃจ์—ฃ, ์›์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ

simplified silhouettes of his figures and for his

ๅ‰ชๅฝฑใ€ๅผท็ƒˆ่€Œ้ฎฎๆ˜Ž็š„้ก่‰ฒไพ†่กจ็พๆดป่บ็š„ๅฝข่ฑก๏ผŒ

๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœ

distinctive use of loud primary colors. It was

ไปฅๆญคไพ†ๅ‰ต้€ ๅ‡บๅฑฌๆ–ผ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„่ฆ–่ฆบ่ชž่จ€๏ผŒๅฝขๆˆไบ†่ฎ“

ํ•œ ํ‚ค์Šค ํ•ด๋ง์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ

through these images that Haring success-

ไบบๅฎนๆ˜“็†่งฃ็š„ๅฏŒๆœ‰็จๅ‰ตๆ€ง็š„่—่ก“ไธ–็•Œใ€‚

์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.

fully created a visual language all his own and a

ไป–็”จ้€Ÿๅบฆใ€ๆธ…ๆ™ฐๆ˜Ž็ขบไปฅๅŠ็ฐกๆฝ”็š„็ทšๆข่กจ็พๅ‡บ่‡ชๅทฑ

ํ‚ค์Šค ํ•ด๋ง์€ ์Šคํ”ผ๋“œ์™€ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•จ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•œ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž

world of art easily accessed by all.

็š„่ƒฝ้‡๏ผŒ็”จๅคง่†ฝ็š„้ก่‰ฒ้กฏ็คบไบ†่‡ชๅทฑๅฐๅนณ้ข่จญ่จˆ็š„

์‹ ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ถœํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋””์ž์ธ

Haring expressed his artistic energy in rapidly

่ˆˆ่ถฃใ€‚ไป–ๆ›พ็ถ“่ˆ‡

ๅฎ‰่ฟชยทๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพใ€็พ…ไผŠยท่ฃๅฅ‡็‰น

์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•ค๋”” ์›Œํ™€๊ณผ ๋กœ

drawn, clear and simple linesโ€”showing the in-

ๆ–ฏๅฆ็ญ‰่จฑๅคšๆณขๆ™ฎ่—่ก“็•ซๅฎถ้€ฒ่กŒไบคๆต๏ผŒ้€š้Žๅ–ฎ็ด”็š„

์ด ๋ฆฌํžˆํ…์Šˆํƒ€์ธ ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ํŒ์•„ํŠธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ

fluence of graphic design on his work. He was

่จ˜่™Ÿๅ’Œๅผท็ƒˆ็š„่‰ฒๅฝฉไพ†่กจ็พ่‡ชๅทฑๅฐไบบ้กž็š„่ช•็”Ÿ่ˆ‡ๆญป

์ˆœํ•œ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ,

also interested in the work of Andy Warhol and

ไบกใ€ๆ„›ๆƒ…่ˆ‡ๆ€งไบคใ€ๆˆฐ็ˆญ่ˆ‡ๅ’Œๅนณ็ญ‰ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™่ง€ใ€‚

์‚ฌ๋ž‘, ์„น์Šค, ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ํ‰ํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ด€์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Roy Lichtenstein, with whom he frequently inter-

ๅ“ˆๆž—่ขซ่ญฝ็ˆฒๆ˜ฏๆ‰“็ ด็ด”็ฒน่—่ก“ๅ’Œๅคง็œพ่—่ก“ไน‹้–“็š„

ํ‚ค์Šค ํ•ด๋ง์€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฌธ 20

acted. Haringโ€™s work articulates his ideas about

็•Œ้™็š„ไบŒๅไธ–็ด€ๆœ€ๅ…ทไปฃ่กจๆ€ง็š„ๆณขๆ™ฎ่—่ก“ๅฎถ๏ผŒ่€Œ

์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ํŒ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ

life and death, love, sex, peace and war through

ไธ”ไป–ๆฅตๅ…ทๅ•†ๆฅญ้ ญ่…ฆ๏ผŒๅœจ็ด็ด„ๅ’Œ้‚้˜ฟๅฏ†้–‹ไบ†่—่ก“

๋กœ๋„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋‰ด์š•๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ์— ์•„ํŠธ์ˆ์„

simple symbols and intense colors.

ๅ“ๅ•†ๅบ—ไธฆไธ”็ฒๅพ—ไบ†ๆˆๅŠŸใ€‚ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅฐฑๅƒๆ˜ฏ็ตฆๅฐ

์˜คํ”ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„

Keith Haring is viewed as a leading pop artist of

ๅญฉๅญ็œ‹็š„ๆผซ็•ซไธ€ๆจฃ็”จๆœ€ๅ–ฎ็ด”็š„็ทšๆขๅ’Œ้ฎฎๆ˜Ž่€Œๅผท

ํ•œ ๋งŒํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์„ ๊ณผ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ

the 20th century who blurred the boundary be-

็ƒˆ็š„่‰ฒๅฝฉไพ†ๅธๅผ•ๅคง็œพ็š„็›ฎๅ…‰๏ผŒไฝฟๆฌฃ่ณžไฝœๅ“็š„่ง€

์ƒ‰์ฑ„๋กœ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์„ ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ์˜

tween fine and popular art. He was also a busi-

็œพ็”ข็”Ÿไธ€็จฎไปฟไฝ›ๅ›žๅˆฐ็ซฅ็œŸไธ–็•Œ็š„้Œฏ่ฆบ๏ผŒ็ตฆไบบๅ€‘

์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋™์‹ฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ

ness-savvy artist who owned successful โ€œPop

่ผ•ๆพ่€Œๅˆ่ฆชๅฏ†็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบใ€‚

๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ฐฉ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ทผํ•จ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค.

Shopโ€ stores in New York and Miami. Haring connected with his audience through simple line images filled in with strong colors. And though his images bear resemblance to cartoons, they are imbued with meaning.

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Lee 80

UFan

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Lee Ufanโ€™s career as an artist is marked by

realization that prompts Lee to repeat identi-

rate from the world. I wonder if it is impossible

clear transitions from period to period.

cal things for โ€œun-identicalโ€ effects, and in the

Lee started his painting series <From Point> and <From Line> while he was an active mem-

ไธญใ€‚ใ€Šๆบๆ–ผ้ปžใ€‹ๅ’Œใ€Šๆบๆ–ผ็ทšใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ็”ฑๆญค่€Œ็”Ÿใ€‚็•ซ

70๋…„๋Œ€ <์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>์™€ <์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>์—์„œ ์ดํ›„ <์กฐ์‘>๊ณผ ์˜ค

์ž์˜์‹์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

or useless to express my desire for connection

ไธ‹้ปžๅ’Œ็ทš็š„่กŒ็ˆฒไธ€็›ด้‡่ค‡ๅ’ŒๆŒ็บŒๅˆฐ็ญ†ๅฐ–็š„้กๆ–™ๅ…จ

๋Š˜๋‚  <๋Œ€ํ™”> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด

์ด์šฐํ™˜์˜ ํšŒํ™”๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ† ๋Œ€ ์œ„์— ์ •๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

process shatter illusions about identity and

with the world, since expression is a conscious

้ƒจ็ฃจๆ่€—็›ก๏ผŒๆœ€็ต‚ๅฝขๆˆๅทฎ็•ฐใ€‚็„ถ่€Œ้€ฒๅ…ฅ1980ๅนดไปฅ

์šฐํ™˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ถค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™

incorporate the outer world (โ€œthe infiniteโ€) into

creation of human beings, while the world is

ๅพŒ๏ผŒไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธญๅทฎ็•ฐ็š„ๆฏ”้‡้–‹ๅง‹ๅคง้Ž้‡่ค‡ใ€‚ๅทฎ็•ฐ

์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ

์ดํ•œ๋‹ค. 1970๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋…ธํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๋“ฏ ๊ทธ์˜ ํšŒํ™”๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜

ber of the โ€œMono-haโ€ (โ€œSchool of Thingsโ€) group

the work. His <From Point> and <From Line>

perfect nature in itself that even embraces

็š„ๆฏ”้‡่ฎŠๅคง๏ผŒๆ„ๅ‘ณ่‘—่ˆ‡ๅค–้ƒจ็š„ๆบ้€šๅ’Œไบคๆต่ฎŠๅพ—ๆฏ”

์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜์‹๊ณผ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋” ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

๋‚  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

formed in 1971. He continued the series until

series grew out of this approach. The artist se-

death beyond consciousness.โ€

ไฝœ่€…็š„่กŒ็ˆฒๆ›ด้‡่ฆใ€‚ๅ› ๆญค่ถŠๅพ€ๅพŒ๏ผŒๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ็š„ไฝœๅ“

๋Š” ์ , ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋งํ•ด ํƒ€์ž(ไป–่€…)์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์ด ์ ์  ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 

the early 1980s, but shifts could be detected

lects a point and draws lines repeatedly until all

ไธญไฝœ่€…็š„็—•่ทก่ถŠไพ†่ถŠๆทกใ€‚ๅฐๆญค๏ผŒๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ่กจ็คบ๏ผŒโ€œๆˆ‘

์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”์•ฝ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ™”๋ฉด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ“ ํ„ฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ž

โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€์˜ ์ผ์ฒด๊ฐ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด

as early as the mid-1970s. For instance, the

the pigment at the tip of the brush is used up

็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ˜ฏๆˆ‘่‡ชๅทฑ็š„๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚ไนŸไธๅƒ…ๅƒ…ๆ˜ฏๆˆ‘่‡ชๅทฑๅ‰ตไฝœ

์œ ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์—๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋ฐฑ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”

๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ ์˜์‹์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

lines that connect points in the <From Point>

in an attempt to show difference. In the 1980s

ๅ‡บไพ†็š„๏ผŒๅ› ็ˆฒๅค–็•Œๅทฒ่žๅ…ฅๅˆฐไบ†ไฝœๅ“็š„ๆทฑ่™•ใ€‚โ€ๅฆ‚ไปŠ

ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

์„ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฐ ์•„๋งˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์ •๋ง ์ผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋œ

series were originally linear, but became circu-

Lee emphasized this sense of difference over

ๅœจไป–็š„็นช็•ซ่ฃๆœ€้‡่ฆ็š„ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ้€š้Ž่ˆ‡ๅค–้ƒจ็š„็…งๆ‡‰ไพ†

์ด์šฐํ™˜์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด

๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ด๋‚˜ ็„ก็”จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜

lar or square in the work produced in 1976,

the repetition, a perspective which shifts later

ๅผ•ๅฐŽๅ‡บ็„ก้™ใ€‚โ€˜็…งๆ‡‰โ€™ๅ’Œโ€˜็›ธ้‡โ€™่ชžๆ„ŸๅฎŒๅ…จไธๅŒ๏ผŒ็›ธ้‡

๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ‹€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ

๋ฉด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊น€์ผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Œ์— ๋น„

and became even bolder from 1978. Similarly,

on toward communication and interaction with

ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅœจไธๅŒๆ™‚ๆœŸๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บไธๅŒ็š„่ฎŠๅŒ–ใ€‚

ๆ˜ฏไปฅ้›™ๆ–น็š„ๆ„้ก˜็ˆฒๅ‰ๆ๏ผŒ็…งๆ‡‰ๅปๆ˜ฏไธ€ๆ–น้ †ๆ‡‰ๅฆไธ€

๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ , ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„

ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์˜์‹์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์ฃฝ์Œ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ

the lines of the <From Line> series stop or turn

the outer world. On why his traces are found

1971ๅนด็•ถๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ้‚„ๆ˜ฏ็‰ฉๆดพๆˆๅ“ก็š„ๆ™‚ๅ€™๏ผŒไป–้–‹

ๆ–น็š„ๆœŸๅพ…ใ€‚

์ •๋ฆฝ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ

์ด๊ธฐ์— ๋ง์ด๋‹ค.โ€

their courses beginning in the middle of 1978.

increasingly less in later works, Lee explained:

ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœใ€Šๆบๆ–ผ้ปžใ€‹ๅ’Œใ€Šๆบๆ–ผ็ทšใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚้›–็„ถ้€™

ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅๅœจ็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“ๅฒไธŠไน‹ๆ‰€ไปฅๆœ‰่‘—ๅฆ‚ๆญค้‡่ฆ็š„ๅœฐ

ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Lee unveiled his <From Winds> series (some

โ€œMy works are created by me, but, at the same

ไบ›ๅ‰ตไฝœไธ€็›ดๆŒ็บŒๅˆฐๅ…ซๅๅนดไปฃๅˆๆœŸ๏ผŒไฝ†ๆ˜ฏๅทฒๅพžไธƒ

ไฝ๏ผŒๆ˜ฏๅ› ็ˆฒไป–ๅœจๆ‰นๅˆคไฝœ่€…่‡ชๆˆ‘ๆ„่ญ˜็š„ๅŒๆ™‚๏ผŒไนŸๆฒ’

์ด์šฐํ™˜์ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ 

works produced in 1983 and 1984 are titled

time, they are created not by me, in as much

ๅๅนดไปฃไธญๆœŸ้–‹ๅง‹๏ผŒ้€™ไธ€็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“้–‹ๅง‹็™ผ็”Ÿ่ฎŠ

ๆœ‰ๆ”พๆฃ„็นช็•ซ็š„โ€˜ๆ„็พฉโ€™ใ€‚็ด็ด„็š„่‰ฒๅŸŸ็นช็•ซๅ› ้Žๆ–ผๅผท

์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋“ฏ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

East Winds) in 1982 (more actively in 1983),

as the outer world is immersed deeply in my

ๅŒ–ใ€‚ไพ‹ๅฆ‚ใ€Šๆบๆ–ผ้ปžใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ๅœ“้ปž็š„้€ฃๆŽฅๆœ€ๅˆๆ˜ฏ็›ด็ทš

่ชฟไฝœ่€…็š„ๅ…งๅฟƒ่€Œๅ—ๅˆฐๆ‰น่ฉ•๏ผŒไนŸไฝฟๅพ—ๆณขๆ™ฎ่—่ก“ๅŠไน‹

๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”, ์˜์‹์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์กด์žฌ

and his <With Winds> series starting in 1987,

works.โ€ What is at stake in painting is how to

็‹€ๆ…‹๏ผŒๅˆฐ1976ๅนดๆ™‚้–‹ๅง‹่ฎŠ็ˆฒๅœ“ๅฝขๆˆ–ๅ››ๆ–นๅฝข๏ผŒ

ๅพŒ็š„ๆฅต้™่—่ก“ใ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟต่—่ก“ๆ‡‰้‹่€Œ็”Ÿ๏ผŒไฝ†็ตๆžœ้€™ไบ›

ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์šฐํ™˜ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜

which were followed by a series of <Cor-

expose the indefinite through correspondence

่€Œ1978ๅนดไปฅๅพŒๅœ“้ปž็š„ๆง‹ๆˆ่ฎŠๅพ—ๆ›ดๅŠ ๅคง่†ฝ๏ผŒใ€Šๆบ

่—่ก“ๆตๆดพไธๅƒ…ๅฆๅฎšไบ†ไฝœ่€…็š„ๅ…งๅฟƒไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒไนŸๆจก็ณŠไบ†

์‹์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์„ธ๊ณ„, ๊ทธ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌดํ•œ๊ณผ ์ง„์ •

respondance> and <Dialogue> paintings in

with the outside. The nuances of โ€œcorrespond-

ๆ–ผ็ทšใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ไนŸๆ˜ฏๅฆ‚ๆญค๏ผŒๅˆฐไบ†1978ๅนด๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‡บ็พ

็นช็•ซๆ‰€่ƒฝๆ“ๆœ‰็š„โ€˜ๆ„็พฉโ€™ใ€‚ๅฐๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ็นช็•ซไธๆ˜ฏ

ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด์šฐํ™˜์˜

1992 and the mid-2000s, respectively.

enceโ€ differ from those of โ€œencountersโ€ in that

็ทšๆข็š„ๆต็ทš็ช็„ถไธญ้€”ๅœๆญขๆˆ–ๆ€ฅ่ฝ‰ๆ–นๅ‘็ญ‰่ฎŠๅŒ–ใ€‚

ไฝœ่€…่‡ชๆˆ‘ๆ„่ญ˜็š„็”ข็‰ฉ,ไฝ†ไนŸไธๆ˜ฏๆฅต้™ไธป็พฉๆ‰€ไธปๅผต็š„

์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ โ€˜๋ฐ˜๋ณตโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์ฐจ์ดโ€™์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค

The shifts from the <From Point> to the

โ€œencountersโ€ involve the voluntary will of both

ไน‹ๅพŒ๏ผŒๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅๆ–ผ1982ๅนด(ๆญฃๅผ็™ผ่กจๆ˜ฏ1983ๅนด)็™ผ

้‚ฃๆจฃๅฐไบ‹็‰ฉ็ต•ๅฐๅฎข่ง€็š„ๆ่ฟฐ๏ผŒๅชๅผท่ชฟไบ‹็‰ฉ็š„็‰ฉ้ซ”

๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์œ ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ

<From Line> series in the 1970s, through to

parties, but โ€œcorrespondenceโ€ implies one par-

่กจไบ†ใ€Šไผด่‘—้ขจใ€‹(1983-1984ๅนด็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธญไฝฟ็”จไบ†ๅฆ

ๆœฌๆ€งใ€‚ๅฐไป–ไพ†่ชชๆœ€้‡่ฆ็š„ๆ˜ฏๅ„€ๅผ่ˆ‡ๅค–็•Œ็š„็ตๅˆ๏ผŒ

์ƒ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ์ด ์ „์ œ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

<Correspondance> afterwards and to the

ty responding to the other party who is waiting

ไธ€ๅ€‹้กŒ็›ฎๅซๅš<ๆฑ้ขจ>)๏ผŒ1987ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹็™ผ่กจใ€Šไผด่‘—

่€Œ็•ซไธ‹็ทšๅ’Œ้ปž็š„่กŒ็ˆฒๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ้€™ไธ€็ตๅˆ็š„ๅช’ไป‹ใ€‚ไฝœ่€…

์€ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜

more recent <Dialogue>, reflect changes in

for an answer.

้ขจWith Windsใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚ๅพŒไพ†ๅˆ้™ธ็บŒๅœจ1992

่ฉฆๅœ–้€š้Ž้‡่ค‡้€™็จฎ่กŒ็ˆฒ๏ผŒ่ˆ‡่‡ช่บซไปฅๅค–็š„ๅค–็•Œใ€ไป–

๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‹๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ

the ways he pursues his artistic goals rather

Lee Ufan is important in modern art history for

ๅนด็™ผ่กจไบ†ใ€Š็…งๆ‡‰ใ€‹๏ผŒ2000ๅนดไปฃไธญๆœŸๅˆ็™ผ่กจไบ†ใ€Šๅฐ

ไบบไปฅๅŠ็„ก้™ๅฝขๆˆ่ฏ็ณป๏ผŒ่€Œ้€™็จฎ็›ธ้‡ๅ‰ต้€ ๅ‡บไบ†็„ก้™

๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด์•ผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ

than changes in the goals themselves. Such

the ways he criticizes human consciousness in

่ฉฑใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚

ๆ€ง๏ผŒๆŠŠ็นช็•ซๅพž่‡ชๆˆ‘ๆ„่ญ˜ไธญ่งฃๆ”พๅ‡บไพ†ใ€‚

๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—†์ด ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด

changes in methodologyโ€”embodied in more

his works while refusing to relinquish that the

ๅพžไธƒๅๅนดไปฃ็š„ใ€Šๆบๆ–ผ้ปžใ€‹ๅ’Œใ€Šๆบๆ–ผ็ทšใ€‹๏ผŒๅˆฐไน‹ๅพŒ็š„

ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ็š„็นช็•ซๆ˜ฏไปฅๆ˜Ž็ขบ็š„็†่ซ–็ˆฒๅŸบ็คŽ๏ผŒ่€Œไธ”ไป–็š„

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์šฐํ™˜์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ

flexible brushstrokes, which ultimately become

work has meaning. Pop art, minimal art, and

ใ€Š็…งๆ‡‰ใ€‹ๅ’ŒไปŠๅคฉ็š„ใ€Šๅฐ่ฉฑใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—๏ผŒไน‹ๆ‰€ไปฅๆœƒๆœ‰้€™ไธ€

็†่ซ–่ˆ‡็•ถไปŠ็š„็พไปฃๅ“ฒๅญธๆœ‰ๅพˆๅคš้›ทๅŒ็š„้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€‚ไป–็š„

๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋น„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™

minimal, and blank spaceโ€”indicate a more

conceptual art, all born in New York, emerged

้€ฃไธฒ็š„่ฎŠๅŒ–๏ผŒไธๆ˜ฏๅ› ็ˆฒๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅๆ‰€่ฟฝๆฑ‚็š„็š„่—่ก“

็นช็•ซๆ›พ็ถ“ๅœจ1970ๅนดๅผ•้ ˜ไบ†ๆ—ฅๆœฌ็š„็‰ฉๆดพ๏ผŒๅฆ‚ไปŠๅœจ็พ

์ผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜์ƒ์„ ๊นจํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ์™ธ๋ถ€(๋ฌดํ•œ)๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค

reserved consciousness and behavior, with

as reactions to the overemphasis on the artistโ€™s

็›ฎๆจ™่ฎŠไบ†๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏๅ› ็ˆฒไป–ๆ‰€่ฟฝๆฑ‚็š„ๆ–นๅผ็™ผ็”Ÿไบ†ๅทฎ

ไปฃ็พŽ่ก“ๅฒไธŠไนŸๅŒๆจฃๅ ๆ“š้‡่ฆ็š„ๅœฐไฝใ€‚

์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ <์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>์™€ <์„ ์œผ

communication taking precedence.

โ€œabstractโ€ inner world; these artists deliberately

็•ฐ๏ผŒ่€Œไธ”้€™็จฎๆ–นๅผ็š„ๅทฎ็•ฐๅฏไปฅๆฆ‚ๆ‹ฌ็ˆฒไฝœ่€…็š„ๆ„

Lee is an artist who incorporates the theoretical

obscure the meaning of the work and with it

่ญ˜ๅ’Œ่กŒ็ˆฒๆผธๆผธๅœฐๆ›ดๅ—ๆŽงๅˆถ๏ผŒๆ›ๅฅ่ฉฑ่ชชๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ่ˆ‡ไป–

โ€œๆˆ‘ๅœจๅ‰ตไฝœๆ™‚็ธฝๆ˜ฏๅคขๆƒณ่ˆ‡ไธ–็•Œๆˆ็ˆฒไธ€้ซ”๏ผŒ่€Œ้€™ไนŸ่ชช

๊ฐ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ณ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๊ฐˆ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐจ

bases and structures of his work in the act of

the artistโ€™s inner world. Though Lee does not

ไบบ็š„ๆบ้€š่ฎŠๅพ—่ถŠไพ†่ถŠ้‡่ฆ๏ผŒๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ็š„็‰น้ปžๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ

ๆ˜Žไบ†ๆˆ‘็š„ๆ„่ญ˜็ธฝๆ˜ฏ่ˆ‡ไธ–็•Œ็›ธๆ‚–ใ€‚ไธ้Ž๏ผŒๅฆ‚ๆžœๆˆ‘็œŸ

์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1980๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต

creation itself. He seems determined to formu-

regard painting as an outcome of the artistโ€™s

็•ซ้ขไธŠ็š„้‹็ญ†่ฎŠๅพ—ๆ„ˆๅŠ ่‡ช็”ฑ๏ผŒ็›ดๅˆฐๆœ€ๅฐๅŒ–๏ผŒ็•™

็š„ๅ’Œไธ–็•Œๆˆ็ˆฒไบ†ไธ€้ซ”๏ผŒ้‚ฃ้บผ่กจ้”ไนŸ่จฑๅฐฑๆœƒ่ฎŠๅพ—ไธ

๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ปค

late his own theory out of existing ones, and

consciousness, this does not mean that he

็™ฝ่ถŠไพ†่ถŠๅคšใ€‚

ๅฏ่ƒฝๆˆ–่€…็„ก็”จ๏ผŒๅ› ็ˆฒ่กจ้”ๅชๆ˜ฏๅพžไธ€ๅ€‹ๆดปไบบ็š„ๆ„่ญ˜

์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€์˜ ์†Œํ†ต, ๊ต๊ฐ์ด ๋” ์ค‘

express this intellectual pursuit in his work.

emphasizes the physical properties of an ob-

ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅๆ˜ฏ่ฆช่‡ชๅพžไบ‹ๅ‰ตไฝœๅŒๆ™‚ๅฐ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆๅ‡บ็†

่ฃ็”ข็”Ÿ๏ผŒ่€Œไธ–็•Œๅ‰‡ๆ˜ฏ่ถ…่ถŠไบบ้กžๆ„่ญ˜็š„ใ€็”š่‡ณ่ƒฝๅค 

์š”ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด์šฐํ™˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—

From Leeโ€™s perspective, the world that sur-

ject as it is, as in the minimalist tradition. For

่ซ–ๆ นๆ“šๅ’Œๆก†ๆžถ็š„็•ซๅฎถไน‹ไธ€ใ€‚้€™ๆ˜ฏๅ› ็ˆฒไป–ไธ€็›ดๅŠชๅŠ›

ๅŒ…ๆถตๆญปไบก็š„ๅฎŒๆ•ด็š„่‡ช็„ถใ€‚โ€

์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ํ”์ ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฐํ™˜์€ โ€˜๋‚ด ์ž‘

rounds us is not something that can be un-

Lee, consciousness in connection with the

ๅœจ่ฑๅฏŒ็š„ๅญธ่ญ˜ๅ’Œๅ“ฒๅญธ็†่ซ–็š„ๅŸบ็คŽไธŠๅ‰ต็ซ‹่‡ชๅทฑ็š„็†

derstood objectively, despite what modern sci-

outer world is absolutely necessary, and the

่ซ–๏ผŒไธฆ้€š้Žไฝœๅ“ไพ†่กจ็พๅ‡บ้€™ๆจฃ็š„็Ÿฅ่ญ˜่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ€‚

(ๅค–็•Œ)๊ฐ€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ence tells us. The world exists beyond human

act of drawing a line or putting a point on a

ๅพžๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ็œ‹ไพ†๏ผŒๅœ็นž่‘—ๆˆ‘ๅ€‘็š„้€™ๅ€‹ไธ–็•Œไธฆไธๅƒ

์ด์ œ ํšŒํ™”์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€์˜ ์กฐ์‘(็…งๆ‡‰)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌด

consciousness as something inconceivable to

canvas is his way of forging that connection.

่ฟ‘ไปฃ็ง‘ๅญธๆ€็ถญๆ‰€ไธปๅผต็š„้‚ฃๆจฃ๏ผŒ่ƒฝๅค ๅฎข่ง€ๅœฐๅŽป็†

ํ•œ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โ€˜์กฐ์‘โ€™์€ โ€˜๋งŒ๋‚จโ€™๊ณผ ๋‰˜์•™์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด

us. The question how, then, we can relate to

Lee aims to link the outside with the other and

่งฃๅ’ŒๆŽŒๆก๏ผŒๅฎƒไธๆ˜ฏไบบ้กž็š„ๆ„่ญ˜ๆ‰€่ƒฝๆŽŒๆก็š„๏ผŒๅฎƒ

this outer world, or to the โ€œindefiniteโ€ beyond

the infinite beyond the artist himself through

ๆ˜ฏ่ถ…่ถŠไบบ้กžๆ„่ญ˜่€Œๅญ˜ๅœจ็š„ใ€‚ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ็ต‚ๅ…ถไธ€็”Ÿๅฐ

์ด์šฐํ™˜์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋…ธํ•˜(็‰ฉๆดพ)

์ชฝ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

our consciousness, to borrow Leeโ€™s own ex-

the repetitive act of drawing a line and putting

้€™ไธ€ๅ•้กŒๆๅ‡บ็–‘ๅ•๏ผŒๆŽขๆฑ‚ๅฆ‚ไฝ•่ˆ‡่ถ…่ถŠไบบ้กžๆ„่ญ˜

์ผ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋˜ 1971๋…„ <์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>์™€ <์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>

์ด์šฐํ™˜์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž์˜

pression, is a lifelong obsession of this artist.

a dot, an approach which liberates painting

็š„ๅค–้ƒจไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒๅฐฑๆŒ‰ไป–็š„่กจ็พๆ–นๅผไพ†่ชช๏ผŒๆ˜ฏๅฆ่ˆ‡

์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์†

์‹์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํšŒํ™”์˜ โ€˜์˜๋ฏธโ€™๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด

Lee first sought the answer to this question in

from self-consciousness by creating a sense

็„ก้™็”ข็”Ÿ็œŸๆญฃ็š„้—œ็ณปใ€‚ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅๅˆๆœŸ็š„่กจ็พๆ–นๆณ•

๋˜๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ 70๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜, ์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋“ค์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ง€

๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์ƒ‰๋ฉด ์ถ”์ƒ์ด ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ 

โ€œrepetitionโ€ and โ€œdifferenceโ€โ€”that is, repeti-

of the infinite.

ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏโ€œ้‡่ค‡โ€่ˆ‡โ€œๅทฎ็•ฐโ€๏ผŒ้€š้ŽๅŒๆจฃ็š„้‡่ค‡ไฝฟไธๅŒ

๋œ๋‹ค. <์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 76๋…„ ์ ์˜ ์ด์–ด์ง์ด ์ง์„ ์˜ ํ˜•

์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ์•„ํŠธ์™€ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€์•„ํŠธ, ๊ฐœ๋…๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ด ๋“ฑ

tion in pursuance of different effects. Modern

Lee Ufanโ€™s painting is very much imbued with

็š„ๅทฎ็•ฐๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บไพ†ใ€‚่ฟ‘ไปฃ็ง‘ๅญธ็š„ๆ€็ถญ็ธฝๆ˜ฏไปฅไธ€่‡ด

ํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์›์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  78๋…„์œผ๋กœ

์žฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ

science requires โ€œsamenessโ€ as a precondi-

modern philosophical theories. As leader of the

ๆ€งไฝœ็ˆฒๅ‰ๆใ€‚ๅฎข่ง€ๅœฐไบ†่งฃๅ’ŒๆŽŒๆก็›ฎๆจ™ๅฐ่ฑก๏ผŒๆ„

๋„˜์–ด ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. <์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€

ํšŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜์˜๋ฏธโ€™๋„ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

tion: an objective understanding of a subject

โ€œMono-haโ€ group founded in Japan in 1970,

ๅ‘ณ่‘—้‚ฃๅ€‹็›ฎๆจ™ๅฐ่ฑกๅฟ…้ ˆๆ˜ฏ็„ก่ซ–ไฝ•ๆ™‚ไฝ•ๅœฐ้ƒฝ็ธฝๆ˜ฏ

ํ„ฐ> ์—ญ์‹œ 78๋…„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด ์„ ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜

๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์šฐํ™˜์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ํšŒํ™”๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ž์˜์‹์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋„

assumes that the subject always remains

his work plays an important role in modern art

ไธ€่‡ด็š„๏ผŒ่€Œไธ”ไบ†่งฃ้‚ฃๅ€‹ๅฐ่ฑก็š„ๆ„่ญ˜ไนŸๅฟ…้ ˆๆ˜ฏไธ€

๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€์•„ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๋“ฏ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์žˆ๋Š”

unchanged regardless of time and space. In

history.

็›ดไฟๆŒไธ€่‡ด็š„๏ผŒ้€™ๆจฃๆ‰ๅฏ่ƒฝๅšๅˆฐๅฎข่ง€็š„่ช็Ÿฅใ€‚

์ดํ›„ 1982๋…„(๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 1983๋…„) <๋ฐ”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>๋ฅผ ์„ 

๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š”์‹์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์—

ไฝ†ๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒๆˆ‘ๅ€‘ๅค–้ƒจ็š„ไธ–็•Œไธฆไธๆ˜ฏไธ€ๆˆไธ่ฎŠ็š„๏ผŒๆ‰€

๋ณด์˜€๊ณ (83-84๋…„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๋Š” <๋™ํ’>์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์‹๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜

the same vein, an objective perception of the

-Lee Ufan, Artistโ€™s Note

๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์„ ์ฐ๊ณ  ์„ ์„ ๊ธ‹๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ“๋์˜ ๋ฌผ

- ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅโ€˜็•ซๅฎถ็š„็ญ†่จ˜ไธญโ€™

ํ’ˆ์€ ๋‚ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚˜๋งŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๊ณ„

๋‹ค. ๋งŒ๋‚จ์€ ์–‘์ชฝ์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ „์ œ๋ผ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ์‘์€ ํ•œ

subject is possible only when our conscious-

โ€œI create works for a sense of unity with the

ไปฅๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ้€š้Žไธๆ–ทๅœฐ้‡่ค‡ๅŒๆจฃ็š„ๅ‹•ไฝœ๏ผŒๅœจ้‡่ค‡

๋œ๋‹ค) 87๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” <๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ ์„ ๊ธ‹๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์œ„

ness remains unchanged. The problem is that

world, which, to the contrary, however, proves

็š„้Ž็จ‹ไธญๆ‰พๅ‡บไธๅŒ้ปž๏ผŒไนŸๅฐฑๆ˜ฏๅทฎ็•ฐ๏ผŒไปฅๆญคไพ†ๆ‰“

1992๋…„์— ์„ ๋ณด์ธ <์กฐ์‘>๊ณผ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ <๋Œ€ํ™”>

์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€, ํƒ€์ž, ๋ฌดํ•œ๊ณผ ๊ด€

the outer world beyond us is never static, a

that my consciousness has always been sepa-

็ ดๅฐไธ€่‡ดๆ€ง็š„ๅนปๆƒณ๏ผŒๅฐ‡ๅค–้ƒจ(็„ก้™)ๅผ•ๅ…ฅไฝœๅ“็•ถ

์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

๊ณ„ ๋งบ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ์„ฑ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ

82

-์ด์šฐํ™˜ โ€˜ํ™”๊ฐ€์˜ ๋…ธํŠธโ€™์—์„œ

83


์ด์šฐํ™˜ ์—ฐ๋Œ€ํ‘œ Lee UFan Chronology

1968

1976

1983-84

1992

Worked as a leader of the Mono-ha movement ไฝœ็ˆฒ็‰ฉๆดพ้‹ๅ‹•็š„ๆ ธๅฟƒไบบ็‰ฉๆดป่บๅœจ็•ซๅฃ‡ ๋ชจ๋…ธํ•˜(็‰ฉๆดพ) ์šด๋™์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ™œ์•ฝ

Diversified the way points are connected, away from linear connection <ๆบๆ–ผ้ปž> ้ปž็š„้€ฃๆŽฅๅพž้ŽๅŽป็š„็›ด็ทš้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‘ๅคš็จฎๅฝขๆ…‹่ฝ‰่ฎŠ <์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ> ์ ์˜ ์ด์–ด์ง์ด ์ง์„ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ

Used the title <East Winds> ไฝฟ็”จ<ๆฑ้ขจ>้€™ๅ€‹้กŒ็›ฎ <๋™ํ’>์ œ๋ชฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จ

Unveiled the <Correspondance> series <็…งๆ‡‰> ็ณปๅˆ—็™ปๅ ด <์กฐ์‘> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ๋“ฑ์žฅ

2011

Fig.1 Explored the relationship between objects and their circumstances ่ซ‡่ซ–็‰ฉ่ˆ‡็‰ฉ็š„้—œ็ณปใ€็‰ฉ่ˆ‡็‰ฉไน‹่ƒŒๆ™ฏ็š„้—œ็ณป ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ๋†“์—ฌ์ง„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋…ผํ•จ.

Fig.4

Held a large-scale retrospective solo exhibition at Guggenheim Museum in New York ็พŽๅœ‹ๅคๆ นๆตทๅง†็พŽ่ก“้คจ ๅคงๅž‹ๅ›ž้กงๅฑ• ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „

Fig.5 Emphasized momentary, swift brushstrokes rather than systematic repetition ๅผท่ชฟ็ชๅ‡บๅฟซ้€Ÿ้‹็ญ†็š„็žฌ้–“่กŒ็ˆฒ่€Œไธๆ˜ฏๆœ‰้ซ”็ณป็š„ๅ่ค‡ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ถ“ ๋†€๋ฆผ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์  ํ–‰์œ„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ Fig.8

Fig.10

Turned to more liberal abstractionism. Featured diverse canvas structures ้€ฒๅ…ฅๆ›ดๅŠ ่‡ช็”ฑๅฅ”ๆ”พ็š„ๆŠฝ่ฑกไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒ่ฑๅฏŒๅคšๆจฃ็š„็•ซ้ขๆง‹ๅœ– ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์œ ๋ถ„๋ฐฉํ•œ ์ถ”์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ดํ–‰. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™”๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

1936

1974

1978

1982

1987

2006

Born in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea ๆ…ถๅฐšๅ—้“ๅ’ธๅฎ‰ๅ‡บ็”Ÿ ๊ฒฝ๋‚จ ํ•จ์•ˆ ์ถœ์ƒ

Began his serial works <From Point> and <From Line> ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœ<ๆบๆ–ผ้ปž>, <ๆบๆ–ผ็ทš>็ณปๅˆ— <์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>, <์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์‹œ์ž‘

Expressed lines of <From Line> more freely <ๆบๆ–ผ็ทš> ็ทšๆข็š„ๆต็ทšๆ›ดๅŠ ่‡ช็”ฑ <์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>์„ ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์œ ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง

Started the <From Winds> series ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœ<ๆบๆ–ผ้ขจ>็ณปๅˆ— <๋ฐ”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์‹œ์ž‘

Unveiled the <With Winds> series <ไผด่‘—้ขจ>็ณปๅˆ—็™ปๅ ด <๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ๋“ฑ์žฅ

Started the <Dialogue> series ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœ<ๅฐ่ฉฑ>็ณปๅˆ— <๋Œ€ํ™”>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์‹œ์ž‘

Fig.6

Fig.7 Fig.9

Fig.11

Fig.2 Sought to give expression to invisible winds ๅฐ‡่‚‰็œผ็œ‹ไธ่ฆ‹็š„้ขจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข่ฑกๅŒ– ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”

Deconstructional yet liberal ่งฃ้ซ”่€Œๅˆ่‡ช็”ฑ็š„ๅฝขๆ…‹ ํ•ด์ฒด์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์–‘์ƒ

The artistโ€™s consciousness and action more controlled. Focused on communication with โ€œthe otherโ€ ไฝœ่€…็š„ๆ„่ญ˜ๅ’Œ่กŒ็ˆฒๆ›ดๅŠ ๅ—ๆŽง๏ผŒ ๆ›ด่‘—้‡่ˆ‡ไป–ไบบ็š„ๆบ้€š ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜์‹๊ณผ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ํ†ต์ œ๋จ. ํƒ€์ž(ไป–่€…)์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์— ์ค‘์ 

Fig.3 Fig.1 Relatum, Steel and stone

84

Fig.2 From Point 227ร—182cm, 1978

Fig.7 From Winds 227ร—182cm, 1985

Fig.3 From Line 182ร—227cm, 1974

Fig.8 East Winds 162ร—130.5cm, 1983

Fig.4 From Point 117ร—117cm, 1976

Fig.9 With Winds 291ร—218cm, 1991

Fig.5 From Point 117ร—117cm, 1976

Fig.10 Correspondance 227.5ร—182cm, 2003

Fig.6 From Line 90.5ร—116.5cm, 1978

Fig.11 Dialogue 161ร—130.2cm, 2006

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46

Lee UFan 1936- , Korean ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ ์ด์šฐํ™˜

From Line ๆบๆ–ผ็ทš Oil and mineral pigment on canvas 162ร—130cm(100), 63.8ร—51.2in 1975 signed on the lower right and reverse

HKD 8,000,000 - 12,000,000 CNY 6,600,000 - 10,000,000 USD 1,000,000 - 1,500,000 KRW 1,000,000,000 - 1,500,000,000 PROVENANCE Purchased from Spectrum Gallery, Antwerp, Belgium in 1976 Private Collection, USA Private Collection, Palm Beach, USA

The artist continuously draws scarlet lines of

็™ฝ่‰ฒ็•ซๅธƒไธŠ๏ผŒไธ€ๆจฃ็ฒ—็ดฐ็š„ๆฉ˜้ปƒ่‰ฒ็ทšๆข้‡่ค‡ๅœฐๅŠƒ

ํฐ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค ์œ„์— ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตต๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผํ™์ƒ‰์˜ ์„ ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ

equal thickness one after another on a white can-

ไธ‹ไพ†ใ€‚้€™ๅน…ไฝœๅ“็›ก้‡ๆธ›ๅฐ‘ไบ†ๆŠ€ๅทงใ€ๅŠ ๅทฅๅ’Œไบบ็ˆฒ

๊ทธ์–ด ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ต๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ƒ‰, ์ธ์œ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ

vas, minimizing technical or artificial elements to

็š„ๅ› ็ด ๏ผŒๅช็•™ไธ‹ๆœฌ่ณช๏ผŒไปฅๆฑๆ–น็š„ๆ€็ถญๆ–นๅผๅ’Œๆ„Ÿ

์งˆ๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋™์–‘์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ๊ฐ

uncover the essence. The <From Line> series is

ๆ€งๅฐ่ฅฟๆ–น็ฐก็ด„้ขจๆ ผ้‡ๆ–ฐๅšไบ†ไธ€็จฎ่ฉฎ้‡‹ใ€‚

์„ฑ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌํ•ด์„ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.

a re-interpretation of Western minimalism infused

ๅœจ้‡่ค‡็•ซ็ทšๆข็š„้Ž็จ‹ไธญ๏ผŒไฝœ่€…็š„ๅญ˜ๅœจ่ฎŠๅพ—ๆฒ’ๆœ‰

์„ ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๊ธ‹๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•ด

with a distinctly Oriental philosophy.

ๆ„็พฉ๏ผŒ้€š้Ž้‡่ค‡็š„่กŒ็ˆฒ้”ๅˆฐ่ถ…่„ซ่‡ชๆˆ‘็š„ๅขƒ็•Œใ€‚

์ง€๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒˆ์•„(่„ซๆˆ‘)๊ฒฝ์ง€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค

The work conveys how the act of draw-

็”จๆฏ›็ญ†่˜ธๅ–้กๆ–™ๅœจ็•ซๅธƒไธŠ็•ซไธ‹็ฌฌไธ€็ญ†๏ผŒๅˆฐๅพŒไพ†

๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฌปํžŒ ๋ถ“์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์—

ing lines repeatedly both renders the art-

่ฎŠๅพ—่ถŠไพ†่ถŠๆทก๏ผŒๆš—ๅ–ปไบ†ๆ™‚้–“็š„ๆต้€๏ผŒ้šฑ้šฑๆš—็คบ

๋Œ”์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์  ์˜…์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์€์œ ํ•œ

istโ€™s existence meaningless while at the

ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ไนŸๅƒ็ทšๅ’Œ้ปžไธ€ๆจฃ็„กๆณ•ๆฐธๆ’๏ผŒๆœƒ่คช่‰ฒใ€ๆœƒ

๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ‡ด์ƒ‰๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ

ๆจก็ณŠ็š„ๆฑๆ–นๅ“ฒๅญธใ€‚ๅพž็‰ฉ้ซ”ๆœฌๆ€ง็š„ๅฑค้ข็œ‹๏ผŒ้‡่ค‡

๋ ค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™์–‘ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ์€์—ฐ ์ค‘์— ์•”์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ

็š„็ทšๅ’Œ้ปžไธๆ˜ฏๅˆ†้›ข็š„๏ผŒๆ˜ฏ็›ธ้€ฃ็š„้—œ็ณปใ€‚

์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ๊ณผ ์ ์€ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ(็‰ฉๆ€ง)์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ

ไธŠ้ข็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธญ๏ผŒ็ทšๆข้–‹ๅง‹้ƒจๅˆ†้ฎฎๆ˜Ž็š„้ฎฎ็ด…่‰ฒ้ก

๋ณด๋ฉด ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 

ๆ–™่ˆ‡้€ๆผธๆจก็ณŠๆœ€็ต‚ๆถˆๅคฑ็š„็ทšๆขๅฝขๆˆๅฐๆฏ”๏ผŒๅพˆๅฅฝ

vas and gradually fading afterwardsโ€”are

์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

ๅœฐ่กจ็พๅ‡บไบ†็”Ÿๆˆ็š„่ƒฝ้‡่ˆ‡ๆถˆไบก็š„็ทŠๅผตๆ„Ÿใ€‚100่™Ÿ

์œ„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์„ ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ์œ—๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผํ™์ƒ‰ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์•ˆ

a metaphor of the passage of time, tacitly

็š„้ฎฎ็ด…่‰ฒ็ทšๆข้ฆ–ๆฌกๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠไบฎ็›ธ๏ผŒๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ็š„

๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•ด์ ธ ์ž์ทจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ถฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์„ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด

implying the Oriental philosophy of time

ไธƒๅๅนดไปฃ็ทšๆขไฝœๅ“ไธญ๏ผŒไฝฟ็”จ้ฎฎ็ด…่‰ฒ้กๆ–™็š„ไฝœๅ“

๋ค„๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์†Œ๋ฉธ์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์ด ์ž˜ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์žˆ

as something that fades and vanishes.

ๅฑˆๆŒ‡ๅฏๆ•ธ๏ผŒๆ˜ฏไธ€ๅน…ๅๅˆ†็่ฒด็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚

๋‹ค. 100ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃผํ™ ๋ผ์ธ์ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ธ๋ฐ,

same time bringing the artist closer to a state of nirvana. The linesโ€”thick when the brush first makes contact with the can-

For Lee, repetitive lines and points are not

์ด์šฐํ™˜์˜ 70๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ผ์ธ ์ค‘ ์ฃผํ™์ƒ‰ ์•ˆ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

separate but related to each other.

์€ ์†์— ๊ผฝํž ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋กœ ๊ท€ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด

This work highlights the tension between

๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

creative energy and extinction created through the scarlet pigment, which is thick at the beginning of the downward lines and gradually fades and disappears. This is the first scarlet Line, measuring roughly 60 by 90 inches, to ever be auctioned. It is a quite a rare work as Lee Ufan produced only a few scarlet Line pieces in the 1970s. 86

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47

Lee UFan 1936- , Korean ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ ์ด์šฐํ™˜

From Point No.77022 ็”ฑ็ทš้–‹ๅง‹ No.77022 Oil and mineral pigment on canvas 116.8ร—91cm(50), 46ร—35.8in 1977 signed on the lower right and reverse

HKD 5,400,000 - 6,500,000 CNY 4,500,000 - 5,400,000 USD 700,000 - 850,000 KRW 720,000,000 - 870,000,000

In his <From Point> series, Lee Ufan pursues

้€š้Ž้‡่ค‡็•ซๅœ“้ปž็š„่กŒ็ˆฒ๏ผŒ่ˆ‡ๅญ˜ๅœจๆ–ผ่‡ชๆˆ‘ไปฅๅค–็š„ๅค–

์ด์šฐํ™˜์ด ์  ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์„

connection with the outer world, โ€œthe otherโ€ and

็•Œใ€ไป–ไบบไปฅๅŠ็„ก้™ๅฝขๆˆ่ฏ็ณป๏ผŒ้€™ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ้€š

์ฐ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€, ํƒ€

infinity beyond himself through the repetitive act

้Ž้ปž็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“ๆƒณ่ฆ่กจ้”็š„ใ€‚็”จๆฏ›็ญ†่˜ธๅ–้กๆ–™็•ซๅ‡บ

์ž(ไป–่€…), ๋ฌดํ•œ(็„ก้™)๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งบ๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ“์— ๋ฌผ๊ฐ

of placing a thick point with a brush and con-

็ฌฌไธ€ๅ€‹้ก่‰ฒๆทฑๆฟƒ็š„้ปž๏ผŒ็„ถๅพŒ้‡่ค‡็•ซไธ‹ไธ€ๅ€‹ๅˆไธ€ๅ€‹

์„ ๋ฌปํ˜€ ์ง„ํ•œ ์ ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ฐ์€ ํ›„ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์ด ๋‹คํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด

tinuing until there is no color left. Lee aims to lib-

้ปž๏ผŒ็›ดๅˆฐ้กๆ–™็”จ็›ก๏ผŒ้€™ๆ˜ฏไฝœ่€…็ˆฒไบ†่ˆ‡ๅญ˜ๅœจๆ–ผ่‡ชๆˆ‘

๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งบ

erate painting from self-consciousness and use

ไปฅๅค–็š„ๅค–็•Œๅฝขๆˆ่ฏ็ณปๆ‰€ๅ”ฏไธ€่ƒฝ่ƒฝๅš็š„ใ€‚ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ่ฟฝ

๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์šฐํ™˜์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌ

the canvas as a channel through which the art-

ๆฑ‚็š„ๆ˜ฏๅฐ‡็นช็•ซๅพž่‡ชๆˆ‘ๆ„่ญ˜ไธญ่งฃๆ”พๅ‡บไพ†๏ผŒไป–ๆƒณ่ฆ

ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž์˜์‹์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘

ist himself encounters โ€œthe otherโ€ (infinity) of the

็š„็นช็•ซๆ˜ฏไฝœ่€…่‡ช่บซๅ’Œๅค–็•Œ็š„ไป–ไบบ(็„ก้™)็›ธ้‡็š„ๅ ด

๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ํƒ€์ž(๋ฌดํ•œ)๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ์„œ์˜

outer world. In this respect, his โ€œpointโ€ is what

ๅˆ๏ผŒ่€Œโ€˜้ปžโ€™ๆญฃๆ˜ฏ่ฎ“ไป–ๆƒณ่ฆ็š„้€™็จฎ้—œ็ณป่ฎŠๆˆๅฏ่ƒฝใ€‚

ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์šฐํ™˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„

makes the relationship with the infinite possible,

็ทšใ€้ปžใ€้ขจใ€็…งๆ‡‰๏ผŒ้€™ไธ€ๅˆ‡็š„ๆบๆณ‰ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ้ปžใ€‚ๅฐๆŽ

๋งบ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ์˜ โ€˜์ (Point)โ€™์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ,

and is what serves as the source of his โ€œPointโ€,

็ฆน็…ฅ่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ็•ซๅœ“้ปžไธๆ˜ฏ่กจ้”ไฝœ่€…็š„ๅ…งๅฟƒไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒ่€Œ

์ , ๋ฐ”๋žŒ, ์กฐ์‘ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์›์ฒœ์€ ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์šฐํ™˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์„ ์ฐ

โ€œLineโ€, โ€œWindโ€ and โ€œCorrespondanceโ€ series. For

ๆ˜ฏ็ˆฒไบ†่ˆ‡ๅค–็•Œๅฝขๆˆ้—œ็ณป่€Œ้‡‡ๅ–็š„ไธ€็จฎ่กŒ็ˆฒ๏ผŒๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„

Lee, the point is not an expression of his inner

้€š้Ž้‡่ค‡็•ซๅœ“้ปž็š„่‚ข้ซ”่กŒ็ˆฒ๏ผŒไฝฟ่ถ…่ถŠ่‡ชๆˆ‘ๆ„่ญ˜็š„

ํ•ด ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋‹ค. ์ ์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜

self but an action that epitomizes his relationship

ๅทฎ็•ฐๅณ็„ก้™้กฏ้œฒๅ‡บไพ†ใ€‚

๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์˜์‹์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌดํ•œ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ

with the outside. He exposes infinity, that is, the

๋‚˜๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

difference that transcends self-consciousness, through the repetition of gestural marks.

78083 (From Point Series) 161.9ร—130.2cm, 1978 Sotheby's New York: May 16, 2007 [Lot. 186] Price Realized: $1,944,000

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48

Lee UFan 1936- , Korean ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ ์ด์šฐํ™˜

With Winds ไผด่‘—้ขจ Oil and mineral pigment on canvas 227ร—182cm(150), 89.4ร—71.7in 1992 signed on the reverse

HKD 1,300,000 - 1,800,000 CNY 1,050,000 - 1,500,000 USD 170,000 - 250,000 KRW 170,000,000 - 250,000,000

90

Lee Ufanโ€™s <From Winds> and <With Winds> series,

ๅพž1980ๅนดไปฃๅพŒๆœŸ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„ใ€Šๆบๆ–ผ้ขจใ€‹ๅ’Œใ€Šไผด่‘—

1980๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ <๋ฐ”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ>๋‚˜ <๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ

which began during the second half of the 1980s,

้ขจใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ๆ“บ่„ซไบ†็•ซ้ขๅƒต็กฌ็š„ๅž‚็›ดๆง‹ๅœ–๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๅฑฅ่กŒ

๊ป˜>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ง๋œ ์ˆ˜์ง์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด

show Lee pursuing a more liberal and dynamic

ๆ›ดๅŠ ่‡ช็”ฑ็š„ใ€ไปฅๅŠ›้‡็ˆฒๅŸบ็คŽ็š„็งฉๅบใ€‚ไฝœ่€…ๆ็นช

๋‹ค ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ์—ญํ•™์ ์ธ ์งˆ์„œ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘

approach, away from the rigid vertical structure of

ๅ‡บ็”จ่‚‰็œผ็œ‹ไธๅˆฐ็š„้ขจ็š„ๅฝข่ฑก๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚่กจ็พๅ‡บไปฅ้ขจ

๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™

the canvas. In these wind series, the artist attempts

็ˆฒไปฃ่กจ็š„็‰ฉ่ณช็š„ๅฑฌๆ€งๅ’Œ่‡ช็„ถ็š„ๅŽŸ็†ใ€‚

์‹œ์— ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ

to communicate the invisible existence and physical

้€™ๅ€‹ๆ™‚ๆœŸ็š„้ปžๅ’Œ็ทšๅƒ้ขจไธ€ๆจฃ่ขซไฝœ่€…่ณฆไบˆไบ†่ฑๅฏŒ

ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

properties of wind as well as the principles of nature

็š„ๅคšๆจฃๆ€ง๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจ็ฉบ้–“่ฃไธŠไธ‹ๅทฆๅณๅœฐ็งปๅ‹•ใ€‚ไปฟ

์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜

in painting.

ไฝ›ๆ˜ฏๆƒณๆŽ™่„ซๅšดๆ ผ็š„็ฎกๅˆถ๏ผŒ้‹็ญ†ๆ›ดๅŠ ่‡ช็”ฑๅฅ”ๆ”พใ€

๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์†์— ์ƒํ•˜ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘

During this period, points or lines begin to move

ๆฏซ็„กๆ‹˜ๆŸ๏ผŒ้ปžๅ’Œ็ทš็š„ๅ€ๅˆ†่ฎŠๅพ—ๆจก็ณŠ๏ผŒ้€ๆผธ่งฃ

ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ ๋ถ“์ž๊ตญ์€ ์ž์œ 

in all directions within space reminiscent of the

้ซ”๏ผŒๆœ€ๅพŒ่ˆ‡่ƒŒๆ™ฏไธ€่ตทๅ‘ผๅธใ€‚้€™ไนŸๆ˜ฏๅ› ็ˆฒๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๅœจ

๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์นจ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ ๊ณผ ์„ ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ ์ฐจ

wind. The brushstrokes are bold, freed from ob-

็Ÿณๆ่ฃๅŠ ๅ…ฅ้˜ฟ่† ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏ็”จๆฒนๆ–™ๅ’Œ็Ÿณๆๆททๅˆ๏ผŒ่ฉฆ

ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ”ํƒ•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜ธํกํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„์ฑ„์™€ ์•„๊ต์˜ ํ˜ผ

stacles, and the distinction between points and

ๅœ–้”ๅˆฐๆ›ดๅŠ ๆŸ”่ปŸ็š„ๆ•ˆๆžœ๏ผŒๆ‰ๆœƒๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ้€™ๆจฃ็š„็‰น

ํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์˜ค์ผ์— ์„์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์„ž์–ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ

lines is blurred, and gradually deconstructed,

้ปž๏ผŒไนŸ้ ๅ‘Šไบ†ไธ€็›ดไปฅไพ†่ขซๆฆ‚ๅฟตๆ‰€ๅฃ“ๆŠ‘็š„่กจ็พๆฌฒ

์‹œ๋„ํ•จ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค.

breathing with the work. The artist used crushed

ๆœ›ๆ…ขๆ…ขๅพ—ๅˆฐ้‡‹ๆ”พ๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๆœ‰ไบ†ๆ„Ÿๆ€ง็š„ไป‹ๅ…ฅใ€‚

๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์••๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ

stone pigment mixed with oil rather than glue to

์”ฉ ํ’€์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์˜ˆ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ

give the work a prominent vitality and flexibility.

์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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p a i n t i n g s 92

Contrary to polychrome that uses multiple

tured in the white porcelain of the Joseon period

colors, monochrome refers to paintings that

is intimately intertwined with the everyday lives

use black, brown, or any one color in various

of the Korean people; indeed white is a color

shades and hues. The monochrome trend is

that symbolizes a kind of national aesthetic.

found often in modernist works from the 1950s

Expression in Korean monochromatic painting

to 1960s. Hard-edge painting, which eliminates

is based on the artistโ€™s strong desire to follow

human sensibility completely, and minimal art,

traditional Korean principles on the law and

which pursues extreme understatement in form

order of nature. It is essentially rooted in the

and color, are some of the best examples. In

unique concept of the union of the material

particular Minimalism, which strips everything

and the ego in natureโ€”a concept that informs

down to its essential quality, served as an impor-

the quintessential aesthetic qualities of Korean

tant foundation for Western monochrome. The

monochrome painting.

artists associated with Minimalism include K.S.

The activities of monochrome artists during the

Malevich, who sublimates emotion completely

period that spans from the 1960s to the 1980s

by filling the canvas with achromatic colors and

gave momentum for the establishment of a

geometric forms, L. Fontana, who founded

uniquely Korean monochrome movement that

Spatialism, Y. Klein, who attempted the imma-

took Korean sensibilities and naturalist philoso-

terialization of painting, and A. Reinhardt, who

phies as its inspiration.

explored in monochromatic painting the state of

A few notable artists have attempted to express

freedom from ideas and thoughts.

Koreaโ€™s unique sense of beauty by using tradi-

Monochrome painting is simple in form and pro-

tional Korean materials like hanji (Korean paper).

duction process and conceptual in arrangement

Jeong ChangSeop comes to mind here, who is

and principles. It also has a repetitive quality,

an artist who created simple yet elegant spatial

highlighting a formal and structural reductionism.

effects by utilizing the highly absorbent proper-

Artists analyze and infuse in their work the so-

ties of hanji.

cial circumstances at play in the creation proc-

There is also Ha JongHyeon, who presses thick

ess and how society impacts a workโ€™s meaning.

oil colors with a knife on the back of burlap can-

Minimalist art began as a reaction to the conven-

vas so that the fine grains of oil colors appear in

tional concept of art based on the myth, โ€œArt.โ€

profuse beads. This is a method unique to Ha

While Abstract Expressionism, which was the

and inspired by traditional Korean house con-

dominant art movement in the United States at

struction techniques.

that time, pursued the expression of superego,

Artist Yun HyeongGeun saturates pieces of linen

and pop art tended to criticize and satirize soci-

with watery green oil colors without underpainting

ety, Monochrome painting employed strict, non-

it. The wide symmetrical color gamut in the cent-

individualistic and rather passive styles.

er on both sides conveys a subdued impression

Minimalism took Korean art circles by storm

created by the differences between the colors

in the 1970s, and was soon firmly established

gradually coated upward. The cloth immersed in

as a mainstream abstract art genre. However,

soft brown relates a sense of unity between the

Koreaโ€™s minimalism accepted monochrome

cloth and the color. The lyrical feeling created by

painting not as a concept opposed to poly-

the wide color gamut reflects the Oriental idea of

chrome as in the West, but as the sublimation

painting as a means of character training and the

of the substance to the spiritual worldโ€”in other

value of an abstinent and temperate life.

words, a return to nature. Since monochrome in

Jeong SangHwaโ€™s work, which is known as

Korea is in sharp contrast with that in the West

โ€œprocess art,โ€ features techniques reminiscent

both aesthetically and ideologically, the question

of those used for inlaid celadon, though they

whether it is proper to use โ€œmonochromeโ€ as an

are in many ways unique to the artist. Jeong

umbrella term that embraces all abstract styles

produces works by repeating the process of re-

unique to Korea has been raised continuously.

moving color fragments on the canvas and filling

In this respect, the word โ€œmonochrome,โ€ with its

the voids with acrylic paint. His monochrome

Western root, is fraught with misrepresentation

painting represents the very art of process.

of Korean-style monochrome painting.

The 1970s saw monochromatic painters focused

The color most commonly used in Korean mon-

more in their work on consciousness, soul, and

ochrome painting in the 1970s was white. The

uniting with their works through repetitive actions

white monotone characteristic of these works is

than on producing works or recreating objects

not just a color but represents the process of the

for aesthetic appreciation. In other words, they

material quality of white becoming immaterial.

pursued complete freedom by allowing their

Koreans have a close relationship with the

consciousness and soul to bear on their works

color white, even referring to themselves as the

in whatever form. The absence of formal images

โ€œWhite-Clad People.โ€ The beauty of white cap-

in monochrome painting has something to do

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.1 Ad Reinhardt, Black, 127.6ร—68.6cm, 1954 Fig.2 Yves Klein, IKB 152, 20ร—17.7cm, 1961 Fig.3 Lucio Fontana, Concetto spaziale, 22.2ร—18.4cm, 1966

93


with the social context of the 1970s, but it also

Fig.4

็Šฏไบ†ๆ›ฒ่งฃ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซ็š„็™ผๅฑ•ไน‹่ทฏใ€‚

ๆ–นๆฅต็ฐกไธป็พฉไฝœๅฎถไฝฟ็”จๅ„็จฎๅ„ๆจฃ็š„ๅทฅๆฅญๆๆ–™้€ฒ่กŒ

๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด์•„์™”๊ณ  ์กฐ์„  ๋ฐฑ์ž์—

ํ˜„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์ด 70 ๋…„๋Œ€ ์ข…์–ธ์„ ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์€ ์•„์ง๋„

expresses the artistsโ€™ desire to become one with

่ซ‡ๅˆฐ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซ๏ผŒๆœ€ๅ…ˆ่ฎ“ไบบๆƒณๅˆฐ็š„้™คไบ†็™ฝ่‰ฒ

ๅ‰ตไฝœๆˆ–่€…ๅƒ…ๅƒ…ๆไพ›ๅ‰ตๆ„ๅฏฆ้š›ๅˆถไฝœไบค็ตฆๅทฅๅป ๅŽปๅš

์„œ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰๋ฏธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒจ๋ ˆ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด

nature. In this respect, for Korean monochrome

ไธไฝœไป–ๆƒณใ€‚ๅœจ1970ๅนดไปฃ๏ผŒ็™ฝ่‰ฒ็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ่ชฟๆ›พๆ˜ฏๅ–ฎ

็š„ๆ–นๅผ็›ธๆฏ”ๆœ‰่‘—ๅพˆๆ‡ธๆฎŠ็š„ๅทฎ่ทใ€‚ไนŸๆญฃๅ› ็ˆฒๅฆ‚

๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€

painters the act of painting itself is more a kind

่‰ฒ็•ซๆœ€ไธปๆต็š„่‰ฒๅฝฉๅ‚พๅ‘ใ€‚ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซไธญไฝฟ็”จ็š„็™ฝ่‰ฒ

ๆญค๏ผŒ่ฅฟๆ–น็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซๅœจ1970ๅนดไปฃๅฐฑๅฎฃๅ‘Š็ต‚็ต๏ผŒ

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฐฐํ›„์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ

ํ„ฐ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธต์œ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด์—ˆ์„ ์ง€๋„

of training that produces spiritual value than an

่ชฟไธๆ˜ฏๅ–ฎ็ด”็š„่‰ฒๅฝฉ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏๅœจๅ…‹ๆœไนƒ่‡ณๆถˆๆป…่‰ฒๆ–™

่€Œ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซๅปไธ€็›ดๅปถ็บŒ่‡ณไปŠไธฆๆ›ดๅŠ ๆทฑๅ…ฅ็™ผ

๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€

๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ’๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ฏธ ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์กฐ๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฏผ์กฑ ์ •์„œ์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏธํ•™์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ํšŒํ™”์˜ ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

artistic activity for artโ€™s sake.

ๆœฌ่บซ็š„็‰ฉ่ณชๆ€ง็š„้Ž็จ‹ไธญๅ‡บ็พ็š„็พ่ฑกใ€‚้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ไบบ่‡ช

ๅฑ•ใ€‚ไนŸ่จฑ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซๅพžไธ€้–‹ๅง‹ๅฐฑ่ทŸ่ฅฟๆ–นๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ

ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€์•„ํŠธ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ž€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜

Korean artists associated with monochrome

็จฑ็ˆฒ็™ฝ่กฃๆฐ‘ๆ—๏ผŒ่‡ชๅคไปฅไพ†ๅฐฑ่ˆ‡็™ฝ่‰ฒๆœ‰่‘—ๅฏ†ไธๅฏ

็•ซไธๆ˜ฏๅŒไธ€ๅฑคๆฌก็š„่—่ก“๏ผŒๅฎƒไธๆ˜ฏ้ขจ้กไธ€ๅ€‹ๆ™‚ไปฃ

๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ข…ํ•ฉ

painting challenged themselves to find their own,

ๅˆ†็š„้—œ็ณป๏ผŒๆœ้ฎฎ็Ž‹ๆœๆ™‚ๆœŸ็š„็™ฝ็“ทๆ‰€ๆ•ฃ็™ผๅ‡บ็š„็™ฝ

็š„็พŽ่ก“ๆ€ๆฝฎ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏไปฃ่กจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๆฐ‘ๆ—ๆƒ…ๆ„Ÿๅ’Œๅฏฉ็พŽๆ–‡

์  ์‚ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ ํšŒํ™”๋Š” ๋ฌด์œ„์ž์—ฐ

unique expressive techniques. The drawn-out

่‰ฒไน‹็พŽไนŸ่ˆ‡้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๆฐ‘ๆ—็š„็”Ÿๆดป็ทŠ็ทŠ็›ธไพ๏ผŒ้€ๅ‡บๅ…ท

ๅŒ–็š„้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅผ็นช็•ซ็š„ไธ€็จฎๅ‚พๅ‘ใ€‚

์  ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๋ฌผ์•„์ผ์ฒด(็‰ฉๆˆ‘ไธ€้ซ”)์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ณ ๋„

work methods Korean artists employed were in

ๆœ‰ๆฐ‘ๆ—็‰น่‰ฒ็š„็พŽ้บ—ใ€‚

sharp contrast to Western minimalist artists who

้™คๆญคไน‹ๅค–๏ผŒๅคš็จฎๅคšๆจฃ็š„่กจ็พๆ‰‹ๆณ•่ƒŒๅพŒ๏ผŒไนŸ่˜Šๆถต

came up with ideas and decided the industrial

่‘—้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๆฐ‘ๆ—ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ็š„ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™่ง€๏ผŒ้ †ๆ‡‰่‡ช็„ถ่ฆๅพ‹็š„ๆ„

๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌํฌ๋กฌ(๋‹ค์ƒ‰ํ™”)๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ‘

์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ๋ชจ

materials they wanted to use but left the ac-

ๅฟ—ใ€‚ๆฅต็ฐกไธป็พฉ่—่ก“็š„ๆ€็ถญๅฐฑๆ˜ฏๆˆ‘ๅ€‘้€šๅธธๆ‰€่ชช็š„

์ƒ‰์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋“ฑ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ‰๋งŒ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ‰์˜ ์ฑ„๋„, ๋ช…๋„

๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์œ 

tual creation to factories. This explains why the

ๆฆ‚ๅฟต๏ผŒๆ˜ฏไธ€็จฎๅœ–่กจๅŒ–็š„ใ€็ณป็ตฑๅŒ–็š„็ถœๅˆๆ€็ถญ๏ผŒ

๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ

์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ

popularity of monochrome painting in the West

ไฝ†ๆ˜ฏๆˆ‘ๅ€‘็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซๅปๆ˜ฏๆบ่‡ชๆ–ผ่‡ช็„ถ็„ก็ˆฒ็š„ๅฏฉ

๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ 1950-60๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํšŒํ™”์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ

๋˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ •์ฐฝ์„ญ์ด ์ด์˜

waned in the 1970s. But in Korea, monochrome

็พŽใ€็จ็‰น่€Œๅ…ธๅž‹็š„็‰ฉๆˆ‘ไธ€้ซ”ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ€‚

๋กฌ์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ƒ‰์ฑ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์–ด ๋‚˜์˜ค

๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋‹ค. ์ •์ฐฝ์„ญ์€ ํก์ˆ˜๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ•œ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ

painting continued to flourish in both quality and

ๅฐคๅ…ถๆ˜ฏ1960-1980ๅนดไปฃ็š„ๅ‰ๆœŸๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซ็•ซๅฎถ๏ผŒไป–ๅ€‘

๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•œ ํ•˜๋“œ์—์ง€ ํŽ˜์ธํŒ…(hard

์  ํŠน์งˆ์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ๋„

quantity. Perhaps this is because monochrome

ไปฅ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็จ็‰น็š„่‡ช็„ถๆ™ฏ่ง€ๅ’Œๅ‚ณ็ตฑ็š„ๆฐ‘ๆ—ๆƒ…ๆ„Ÿ็ˆฒๅŸบ

edge painting)์ด๋‚˜, ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„์˜ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ

๊น”๋”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฟ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

painting in Korea is a representation of Korean

็คŽ๏ผŒ็ˆฒๅฝขๆˆ็จๅ…ทไธ€ๆ ผ็š„้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅผๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซๆ‰“ไธ‹ไบ†ๅŸบ

๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€ ์•„ํŠธ(minimal art) ๋“ฑ์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠน

๋งˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง  ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ๋’ท๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฑธ์ญ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ  ์œ ์„ฑ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์„

aesthetics and not really a trend in art history as

็คŽใ€‚ๅ…ถไธญไธ€ไบ›็•ซๅฎถ้‡‡็”จ้Ÿ“็ด™็ญ‰ๅ‚ณ็ตฑๆๆ–™ไพ†่กจ็พๅ‡บ

ํžˆ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋…ธ

๋‚˜์ดํ”„๋กœ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋ฉด์— ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด๋“ค์ด ์†ก๊ณจ

it was in the West.

้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็‰นๆœ‰็š„ๅฏฉ็พŽๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒไธๆ˜Œ็‡ฎๅฐฑๆ˜ฏๅ…ถไธญ็š„็ฟนๆฅšใ€‚ไธ

ํฌ๋กฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ‘๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ฑ„์ƒ‰์ด ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ

์†ก๊ณจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งบํžˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•˜์ข…ํ˜„ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์ž‘์—…๋ฐฉ์‹

ๆ˜Œ็‡ฎ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ่กจ็พๅ‡บไบ†ๅธๆฐดๆ€งๆฅตๅฅฝ็š„้Ÿ“็ด™็š„็‰ฉ็†ๆ€ง

ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ฉ”์›Œ ์Šนํ™”๋œ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๊ทน์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ฃผ์˜์˜

์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ‰์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ†ต ํ•œ์˜ฅ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ

์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 60-80๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ๋‹จ์ƒ‰ํ™” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

่ณช๏ผŒๅฏไปฅ็œ‹ๅ‡บๅ–ฎ่ชฟ่€Œ็ฐกๆฝ”็š„็ฉบ้–“ๆ•ˆๆžœใ€‚

๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž K.S. ๋ง๋ ˆ๋น„์น˜, ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ฐฝํ•œ L. ํฐํƒ€๋‚˜, ๋น„

์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋˜

ไธๅŒๆ–ผไฝฟ็”จๅ„็จฎ่‰ฒๅฝฉ็š„ๅคš่‰ฒ็•ซ๏ผŒๅˆฉ็”จ้ป‘่‰ฒๆˆ–่ค

็•ซๅธƒ็”จ้บป่ข‹็ทจ็น”่€Œๆˆ๏ผŒ่ƒŒ้ขๅก—ไธŠ็ฒ˜็จ ็š„ๆฒนๆ€ง้ก

๋ฌผ์งˆํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ Y. ํด๋žญ, ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•œ

์ ธ์ค€๋‹ค.

่‰ฒ็ญ‰ไธ€็จฎ้ก่‰ฒๅ€ๅˆฅๆทฑๆทบๅ’Œๆ˜Žๆš—ๅบฆ็š„็นช็•ซๅ‰ตไฝœๅซ

ๆ–™ๅพŒ็”จๅˆ€ๅญๆŒ‰ๅฃ“๏ผŒไฝฟ็•ซๅธƒ็š„ๅ‰้ข็ตไธŠๆปดๆปดๅพฎ็ดฐ

๋‹จ์ƒ‰ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌด๋…๋ฌด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•œ A. ๋ผ์ธํ•˜

์œคํ˜•๊ทผ์€ ๋ฐ‘์น ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•„์‚ฌ ์ฒœ์— ๋ฌฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ  ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์œ 

ๅšๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซใ€‚1950-1960ๅนดไปฃ็š„็พไปฃ็นช็•ซๅคšๅ‘ˆ็พ

็š„้กๆ–™้ก†็ฒ’๏ผŒ้€™ๆ˜ฏๆฒณ้พ่ณข็‰นๆœ‰็š„ๆ‰‹ๆณ•ใ€‚ไป–้€š้Ž

๋ฅดํŠธ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค.

์„ฑ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์„ ์นจํˆฌ์‹œํ‚จ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ์ค‘์•™ ํ˜น์€

ๅ‡บ้€™ๆจฃ็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซๅ‚พๅ‘๏ผŒไพ‹ๅฆ‚ๅฐ‡้€š้Ž่‰ฒๅฝฉๆ•ฃ็™ผๅ‡บ

้€™็จฎ็จ็‰น็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๆ–นๅผ๏ผŒๅพž้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅ‚ณ็ตฑๆˆฟๅฑ‹็š„ๅˆถไฝœ

ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๊ณผ ์ž‘์—…์›๋ฆฌ

์ขŒ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ๋„“์€ ์ƒ‰์—ญ์€ ๋ฐ‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ 

็š„ไบบ้กžๆ„Ÿๆ€งๅฎŒๅ…จๅ‰”้™ค็š„็กฌ้‚Š็ทฃ็นช็•ซใ€ๅฝขๆ…‹ๅ’Œ่‰ฒ

ๆ–นๅผไธญๆ‰พๅ‡บไบ†ๆ‰น่ฉ•ไพๆ“š๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚ไนŸ็ตฆๆˆ‘ๅ€‘ๆๅ‡บไบ†

์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€

์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์น ๋œ ์ƒ‰๊น”์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ

ๅฝฉ็ฏ€ๅˆถๅˆฐๆฅต่‡ด็š„ๆฅต็ฐกไธป็พฉ็ญ‰ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏๆœ€ๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ไพ‹

ๅˆไธ€ๅ€‹ๅ•Ÿ็คบใ€‚

๋‹จ์œ„์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ™˜์›์„ฑ์„ ๋“œ

์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์„๋œ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์กฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์„ ๋จธ๊ธˆ์€ ์ฒœ์€

ๅญใ€‚ๅฐคๅ…ถๆ˜ฏ่ฟฝๆฑ‚็ฐกๅ–ฎๅˆฐๆฅต่‡ด็š„ๆฅต็ฐกไธป็พฉ็ˆฒ่ฅฟๆ–น

ๅฐนไบจๆ นๅฐ‡่ชฟๅพ—ๅพˆ็จ€็š„ๆฒนๆ€ง้กๆ–™ๅก—ๅœจๆฒ’ๆœ‰ไธŠๅบ•ๆผ†

๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ

๋ฌผ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฒœ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ•ฉ์ผ์˜ ๊ด€

ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซ็š„็™ผๅฑ•ๆไพ›ไบ†้‡่ฆๅœŸๅฃคใ€‚ๆœ€ๅ…ทไปฃ่กจๆ€ง็š„

็š„้บปๅธƒไธŠ๏ผŒไฝฟไน‹ๆปฒ้€ฒ้บปๅธƒ่ฃใ€‚ๅˆ†ๅธƒๅœจ็•ซ้ขไธญๅคฎ

๋ฅผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‚ฌ

๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ๋„“์€ ์ƒ‰์—ญ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ์„œ์ •

ไฝœๅฎถๆœ‰็”จ้ป‘็™ฝๅนพไฝ•ๅœ–ๅฝขๅกซๆปฟๆ•ดๅ€‹็•ซ้ขไปฅๅฑ•็พๆ„Ÿ

ๆˆ–ๅทฆๅณๅฐ็จฑ็š„ๅฏฌๅปฃ่‰ฒๅŸŸๅพžๅบ•้ƒจ้–‹ๅง‹้€ๆผธ่ฎŠๆทฑ๏ผŒ

ํšŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ป

์  ๋Š๋‚Œ์€ ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฒฉ๋„์•ผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ๋™์–‘์  ์‚ฌ

ๆƒ…ๅ‡่ฏไน‹ๆฅต่‡ด็š„็ต•ๅฐไธป็พฉ็•ซๅฎถ้ฆฌๅˆ—็ถญๅฅ‡ใ€ๆๅ€ก

ๅ่ค‡ๅก—่‰ฒ็š„้ก่‰ฒๅทฎ็•ฐ้€ๅ‡บๅ†ท้œๆฒ‰่‘—็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบใ€‚็•ซ

๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™

๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์š•์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ ˆ์ œ๋œ ์ƒํ™œ ์œค๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€

็ฉบ้–“ไธป็พฉ็š„้ฆฎๅก”้‚ฃใ€ๆ„ๅœ–้€š้Ž้ž็‰ฉ่ณชๅŒ–ไพ†ๅฏฆ็พ

ๅธƒๆŸ“ไธŠๆŸ”ๅ’Œ็จ€้‡‹็š„่ค่‰ฒ็ณป้กๆ–™๏ผŒๅผท่ชฟไบ†้กๆ–™ๅ’Œ

์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋…

ํ„ฐ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

็‰ฉ่ณชๆฐฃๅŒ–็š„ๅ…‹่Šๅ› ใ€้€š้Ž็„กๆ„็พฉ็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซ้ข้–‹

ๅธƒๆœฌ่บซไธๆ˜ฏๅˆ†้›ข็š„๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏ็›ธไบ’ๅˆไบŒ็ˆฒไธ€็š„้—œ

์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฏธ

๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ƒํ™”์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ๋ก€

ๆ‹“็„กๅฟต็„กๆƒณๅขƒ็•Œ็š„่Šๅ› ๅ“ˆ็‰น็ญ‰ใ€‚

็ณปใ€‚ๅปฃ่‰ฒๅŸŸๅธถไพ†็š„ๆŠ’ๆƒ…ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบๅๆ˜ ไบ†ไปฅ็นช็•ซ้™ถๅ†ถ

๊ตญํ™”๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ถ”์ƒํ‘œํ˜„์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ž์•„๋ฅผ

๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด ์นผ๋ผ์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋„์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ

ๅฝขๆ…‹ๅ’Œๅˆถไฝœ้Ž็จ‹ๅ–ฎ็ด”๏ผŒไฝœๅ“็š„ๆŽ’ๅˆ—ๅ’Œๅ‰ตไฝœๅŽŸ็†

ไบบๅ“ๆƒ…ๆ“็š„ๆฑๆ–นๅผๆ€็ถญ๏ผŒๆ˜ฏๆบๆ–ผ็ฆๆฌฒๅ’Œๅ…‹ๅˆถ็š„

ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ , ํŒ์•„ํŠธ๊ฐ€

์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œ์ž‘๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์ •์ƒํ™”์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ

ไธŠๅ…ทๆœ‰ๆฆ‚ๅฟตๆ€ง็š„ๅฑค้ข๏ผŒ่€Œไธ”้€š้ŽๅŒๆจฃๅ–ฎๅ…ƒ็š„้‡

ๅ€ซ็†้“ๅพทใ€‚

๋ฌธ๋ช… ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ’์ž์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ์ด

์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์„ ์žก์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ

่ค‡๏ผŒๅœจ็ตๆง‹ๅ’Œๅฝขๆ…‹ไธŠๅฑ•็พไบ†้‚„ๅŽŸๆ€งใ€‚ไธๅƒ…ๅฆ‚

้„ญ็›ธๅ’Œๅˆฉ็”จไธ™็ƒฏ้…ธๆจน่„‚ๆผ†้ก่‰ฒๅ่ค‡้ŠœๆŽฅ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ

๋“ค์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ฐœ์„ฑ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜

๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ”ํƒ• ๋ฉด์— ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์˜ ํŒŒํŽธ์„

ๆญค๏ผŒๅๅˆ†้‡่ฆ–่—่ก“ไฝœๅ“ๆ‰€ๆๅ‡บ็š„็คพๆœƒๆ€ง็‹€ๆณๅ€ซ

ๆ–นๆณ•่ขซ็จฑ็ˆฒๆ˜ฏ้Ž็จ‹็š„่—่ก“ใ€‚้€™็จฎๅ‰ตไฝœๆ‰‹ๆณ•่ฎ“ไบบ

๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†์— ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜

็†๏ผŒๅ› ็ˆฒๅฐไธ€ๅ€‹ไฝœๅ“่™•ๆ–ผไป€้บผๆจฃ็š„็คพๆœƒ็‹€ๆณ้€ฒ

่ฏๆƒณ่ตท้™ถ็“ท็š„้‘ฒๅตŒ๏ผŒๆ˜ฏๆบ่‡ช้„ญ็›ธๅ’Œๆœฌไบบ็š„็จ็‰น

ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšŒํ™”์–‘์‹์€ โ€˜ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜โ€™์ด๋ผ

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน์œ  ์ œ์ž‘๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ์ˆ˜

่กŒๅˆ†ๆž๏ผŒๅฐ็คพๆœƒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ่ˆ‡่—่ก“ไฝœๅ“็š„ๆ„็พฉๆœ‰่‘—ไป€

ๅ‰ตๆ„ใ€‚ๅฐ‡ๅธƒ่คถ็š„้พœ่ฃ‚ไนŸๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ่ƒŒๆ™ฏๅธƒไธŠ็”Ÿๆˆ็š„้ก

๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ’๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ถ”์ƒ

ํ–‰์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •์ƒํ™”์˜ ๋‹จ์ƒ‰ํ™”๋‹ค.

้บผๆจฃ็š„้—œ็ณป้€ฒ่กŒไบ†ๆ€็ดขใ€‚ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ็š„่—่ก“ๆฆ‚ๅฟตๆ˜ฏไปฅ

ๆ–™็ขŽ็‰‡ๆ‘˜้™คๅพŒ๏ผŒๅœจ่ฃ้ขๅ่ค‡ๅกซๅ……ไธ™็ƒฏ้…ธๆจน่„‚

๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ํ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์•„ ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, ์„œ์–‘์—์„œ ์ฒ˜

1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ๊ฐ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ

่—่ก“้€™ๅ€‹็ฅž่ฉฑ็ˆฒๅŸบ็คŽ๏ผŒ่€Œๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซๆดพๆญฃๆ˜ฏไปฅๆ‹’็ต•

ๆผ†๏ผŒ้€™ๆ˜ฏไป–็‰นๆœ‰็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๆŠ€ๆณ•ใ€‚็ชๅ‡บ่กŒ็ˆฒ็š„่กจ็พ

๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์ƒ‰ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉ

์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ

้€™ไธ€ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ่—่ก“ๆฆ‚ๅฟต็ˆฒๅ‡บ็™ผ้ปž๏ผŒๅฐคๅ…ถ็•ถๆ™‚ๅœจ็พŽๅœ‹

ๆ˜ฏไฟฎ่กŒ่—่ก“๏ผŒ้€™ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ้„ญ็›ธๅ’Œ็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซใ€‚

ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ •์‹ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์Šนํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ์˜

๋ผ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์‹์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ •

็•ซๅฃ‡ๅ ๆ“šไธปๅฐŽๅœฐไฝ็š„ๆŠฝ่ฑก่กจ็พไธป็พฉ้€š้Ž่กจ็พ่ถ…

ๅˆๆœŸ็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซ็•ซๅฎถๅ€‘ๅ‰ตไฝœไฝœๅ“ๆˆ–ๅ†็พไบ‹็‰ฉไธป่ฆๆ˜ฏ

ํšŒ๊ท€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋ชจ

์‹ ์„ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ผ์ฒด๊ฐ์„ ์–ป๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด

่„ซ่‡ชๆˆ‘ไพ†ๅ‘่ง€็œพๅ‘ผ็ฑฒ๏ผŒๆณขๆ™ฎ่—่ก“ๅ…ทๆœ‰ๆ‰นๅˆคๅ’Œ่ซท

็ˆฒไบ†่ง€่ณžไน‹็”จ๏ผŒไฝ†ๆ˜ฏ1970ๅนดไปฃไปฅๅพŒๅ‰‡ๆ›ดๅคš็š„้€š

๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ , ๋ฏธํ•™์ , ์ด๋…์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ

์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์‹ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด

ๅˆบ็•ถไปฃๆ–‡ๆ˜Ž็š„็‰น้ปž๏ผŒ็›ธๆฏ”ไน‹ไธ‹๏ผŒๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซๆดพๅ‰‡ๆ›ด

้Žไธๆ–ทๅœฐๅ่ค‡ๅŒๆจฃ็š„่กŒ็ˆฒไพ†ไฝฟๆ„่ญ˜ๅพ—ๅˆฐๆ›ด้ซ˜็š„็™ผ

๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณผ์—ฐ โ€˜๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌโ€™์ด๋ž€

์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์ด ํ˜•์ƒ

ๅŠ ๅ‚พๅ‘ๆ–ผๅšดๆ ผใ€้žๅ€‹ๆ€งๅ’Œๆถˆๆฅต็š„็•ซ้ขๆง‹ๅœ–ใ€‚

ๅฑ•๏ผŒไฝฟ็ฒพ็ฅž้”ๅˆฐๆ›ดๆˆ็†Ÿ็š„ๅขƒ็•Œ๏ผŒๅพ—ๅˆฐ่ˆ‡ไฝœๅ“ๆˆ็ˆฒ

๋‹จ์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํฌ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ๋„ ๋Š

์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ 70๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ

ๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹๏ผŒ้€™็จฎ็นช็•ซ้ขจๆ ผ่ขซ็จฑ็ˆฒโ€œ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅผๆฅต็ฐกไธป

ไธ€้ซ”็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบใ€‚ไนŸๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ่ชช๏ผŒไป–ๅ€‘่ฟฝๆฑ‚็š„ๆ˜ฏ้€š้Ž็ฒพ็ฅž

์ž„์—†์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์™ธํ˜•์  ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๊ตฌ

๋„ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”

็พฉโ€๏ผŒๅœจ1970ๅนด้ขจ้กไบ†้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“็•Œ๏ผŒ็จฑ็ˆฒ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๆŠฝ

็™ผๅฑ•็š„้Ž็จ‹ไพ†ๅฏฆ็พ็ต•ๅฐ็š„่‡ช็”ฑ๏ผŒ่€Œๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซไธญๅฝข็‹€

์˜ โ€˜๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌโ€™์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ํŽธ์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹จ์ƒ‰

์ •์‹ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹จ

่ฑก็พŽ่ก“็š„ไธปๆต๏ผŒไฝ†ๆ˜ฏ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซไธฆไธๆ˜ฏๅ‘่ฅฟ

็š„ๅฝข่ฑก่ขซๅฎŒๅ…จๅŽป้™ค๏ผŒๅ›บ็„ถๆ˜ฏ่ˆ‡ไธƒๅๅนดไปฃ็š„็คพๆœƒ็‹€

ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ์–ด์˜จ ๊ธธ์„ ์˜ค์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒ‰ํ™” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…ํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์ ์ธ

ๆ–นไธ€ๆจฃๆ˜ฏๅคš่‰ฒ็•ซ็š„็›ธๅๆฆ‚ๅฟต๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏๅฐ‡็‰ฉ่ณชๅ‡่ฏ

ๆณ็›ธ็ฌฆๅˆ๏ผŒไฝ†็ต‚็ฉถไปๆ˜ฏ่กจ็พไบ†ๆƒณ่ฆ่ˆ‡ๅคง่‡ช็„ถๅˆไบŒ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ

ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊นŠ์€ ๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜

็ˆฒ็ฒพ็ฅžไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒ้€ฒ่€Œ่ฟฝๆฑ‚ๅ›žๆญธ่‡ช็„ถ๏ผŒๅฏไปฅ่ชชๅœจๅฏฉ

็ˆฒไธ€็š„็ฒพ็ฅžไธ–็•Œใ€‚ๅ› ๆญค๏ผŒๅฐ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซ็•ซๅฎถๅ€‘

์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํ†ค์€ 1970๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐ

์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

็พŽๅ’Œ็†ๅฟตๅฑค้ข้ƒฝ่ˆ‡่ฅฟๆ–น็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซๆœ‰่‘—ๆœฌ่ณช็š„ๅทฎ

่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒไฝœๅ“ๅ‰ตไฝœไธๆ˜ฏ็•ซ็•ซ็š„้“ๅ…ทๆ€ง็š„่กŒ็ˆฒ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏ

ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋„์ ์ธ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ ํšŒํ™”์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹จ์ƒ‰ํ™” ํ™”๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ˆ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜

็•ฐใ€‚ๅ› ๆญค๏ผŒๅฐ‡้€™ไธ€้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็‰นๆœ‰็š„่—่ก“็”ข็‰ฉ็”จโ€œๅ–ฎ

ๅ…จ่บซๅฟƒๆŠ•ๅ…ฅๅ’Œๅ‰ต้€ ็ฒพ็ฅžๅƒนๅ€ผ็š„ไธ€็จฎไฟฎ่กŒใ€‚

๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธํ†ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ

์—ฌ์ •์€ ๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธด ์ž๊ธฐ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค

Fig.4 Ha ChongHyun, Conjunction 92-81, 120ร—120cm, 1992

่‰ฒ็•ซโ€้€™ๆจฃไธ€ๅ€‹่ฉžๅฝ™ไพ†็ตฑ็จฑๆ˜ฏๅฆๅˆ็†ไนŸไธ€็›ดๆˆ

็ˆฒไบ†ๆ‰พๅˆฐๅฑฌๆ–ผ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„่กจ็พๆ–นๆณ•๏ผŒ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซ

์ƒ‰๋ฃŒ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌดํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—

์ด ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธด ์ž‘์—…๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘

Fig.5 Chung ChangSup, Meditation No.25404, 91ร—116.7cm, 2005

็ˆฒ็ˆญ่ซ–ไธไผ‘็š„่ฉฑ้กŒใ€‚ๅฆ‚ๆžœๅ–ฎ็ด”ๅœฐๆ นๆ“šๅค–ๅฝข็š„้ข

็•ซๅฎถๅ€‘่‘—ๅฏฆ็ถ“ๆญทไบ†ไธ€็•ช่‰ฑ่‹ฆ่€ŒๅŸท่‘—็š„่‡ชๆˆ‘้ฌฅ

์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค

ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ œ

่ฒŒไพ†ๅฐ‡ๅ…ถๅŠƒๅ…ฅ่ฅฟๆ–น็š„โ€œๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซโ€๏ผŒ้›ฃๅ…ๅฐฑๆœƒๅ› ๆญค

็ˆญใ€‚้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็•ซๅฎถๅ€‘็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๆ–นๅผๅ†—้•ท่€Œ็น่ค‡๏ผŒ่ˆ‡่ฅฟ

๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์˜๋ฏผ์กฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์–ด ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰๊ณผ๋Š”

์‹œ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅธ ์ฑ„ ์ •์ž‘ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ œ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ๋งก๊ฒผ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š”

Fig.5

Fig.6 Chung SangHwa, Untitled 75-10, 161ร—129.3cm, 1975 Fig.7 Yun HyungKeun, Untitled, 130.3ร—162.3cm, 1992

94

Fig.6

Fig.7

95


49

Park SeoBo 1931- , Korean ๆจธๆฃฒ็”ซ ๋ฐ•์„œ๋ณด

Ecriture No.58-79 ๆๆณ• No.58-79 Pencil and oil on hemp cloth 80ร—100cm(40), 31.5ร—39.4in 1979 signed on the reverse

HKD 220,000 - 300,000 CNY 180,000 - 250,000 USD 29,000 - 39,000 KRW 30,000,000 - 40,000,000

โ€œBy transforming the act of โ€˜drawingโ€™ into an act of โ€˜erasingโ€™, the <Ecriture> series brought about a critical transformative phase of his artistic world.โ€ โ€“Lee Il โ€œใ€Šๆๆณ•ใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“็”จโ€˜ๆ‹ญๅŽปโ€™็š„่กŒ็ˆฒไพ†ๅฑฅ่กŒๅฐ‡โ€˜ๆ็นชโ€™็š„่กŒ็ˆฒ๏ผŒๆˆ็ˆฒไฝœ่€…็š„็นช็•ซไธ–็•Œ็”ข็”Ÿๆฑบๅฎšๆ€ง่ฝ‰ ๆฉŸ็š„ๅฅ‘ๆฉŸใ€‚โ€ โ€“ๆŽ้€ธ โ€œ<๋ฌ˜๋ฒ•>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” โ€˜๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ โ€˜์ง€์šด๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ์ดํ–‰์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ์˜ ํšŒํ™” ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.โ€ โ€“์ด์ผ

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The art of Park SeoBo, which spans all the major

ๆœดๆฃฒ็”ซ็š„็•ซไฝœๅฏไปฅ่ชชๆ˜ฏ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้‹ๅ‹•็š„ๅฏซ

๋ฐ•์„œ๋ณด์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” 60๋…„๋Œ€ ์•ตํฌ๋ฅด๋ฉœ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ 

periods and trends of modern Korean art, en-

็…งใ€‚ไป–็š„็•ซไฝœๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไธŠๅ€‹ไธ–็ด€60ๅนดไปฃ็š„้žๅฎšๅฝข่—

์ถ”์ƒํšŒํ™”, 70๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ์žˆ

compasses the expressive abstract paintings of

่ก“็ณปๅˆ—็š„่กจ็พๅž‹ๆŠฝ่ฑก็•ซ๏ผŒ70ๅนดไปฃๅˆ็™ผ่กจๅพŒๆŒ

๋Š” <๋ฌ˜๋ฒ•>์—ฐ์ž‘๊ณผ 80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘์—…์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ

the lโ€™art informel genre of the 1960s, the <Ecri-

็บŒ่‡ณไปŠ็š„ใ€Šๆๆณ•ใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒ80ๅนดไปฃ้–‹ๅง‹ไฝฟ็”จ้Ÿ“

์šฉํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ ํšŒํ™”์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€, ํ•œ๊ตญ ํ˜„

ture> series that was first presented in the early

็ด™้€™ไธ€ๆ–ฐ็š„็•ซ็ด™ไน‹ๅพŒๆ‰€ๅฝขๆˆ็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ่กจ็พๆดพ้ขจๆ ผ

๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ทธ ๋งฅ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„

1970s, and continues to the present day, and

ไฝœๅ“็ญ‰็ญ‰๏ผŒไป–็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ็”Ÿๆถฏ่ฒซ้€šไบ†้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“

๋ฐ˜, ์•ตํฌ๋ฅด๋ฉœ์˜ ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋  ์ฆˆ์Œ ํšŒํ™”์˜ ํ‰

the monochrome painting, which he began after

็š„ไธป่ฆๆ™‚ๆœŸใ€‚ไธŠๅ€‹ไธ–็ด€60ๅนดไปฃๅพŒๆœŸ๏ผŒ้žๅฎšๅฝข

๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ <๋ฌ˜๋ฒ•>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—… ์ฒ 

changing his medium to hanji (traditional Korean

่—่ก“็š„็†ฑๆฝฎ้€ๆผธ้€€ๅŽป๏ผŒไป–้–‹ๅง‹ๅฐˆๆณจๆ–ผๅนณ้ข็นช็•ซ

ํ•™์„ โ€˜๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์—์„œ โ€˜์ง€์šด๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ์ดํ–‰์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ 

rice paper) in the 1980s. Begun in the late 1960s

ๅ•้กŒ๏ผŒไธฆ็”ฑๆญค่ช•็”Ÿๅ‡บใ€Šๆๆณ•ใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚ไฝœ่€…็š„

์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰์˜ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ, ํ›„๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์„ ์ด

by focusing on the problem of the flatness of

ๅ‰ตไฝœๅ“ฒๅญธๅพžโ€˜็•ซโ€™่ฝ‰่ฎŠ็ˆฒโ€˜ๆ‹ญโ€™๏ผŒๆœ€ๅˆไปฅ็ด ๆ็š„ๅฝขๅผ

์šฉํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœํ’ˆ

painting, when the popularity of lโ€™art informel was

้€ฒ่กŒๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒๅพŒไพ†้–‹ๅง‹ๅˆฉ็”จ้Ÿ“็ด™็š„็‰นๆ€ง๏ผŒๅณๅœจ็•ซ

์ž‘์€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌ˜๋ฒ• ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์บ”

in rapid decline, the <Ecriture> series changed

ๅธƒไธŠ็‘ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒๆฒน็•ซ้กๆ–™ๅพŒๅ†้€ฒ่กŒ็ด ๆใ€‚ไฝœ่€…้€š้Ž

๋ฒ„์Šค์— ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์ง„ ๋‹จ์ƒ‰์˜ ์œ ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ฐ ์œ„์— ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ

Parkโ€™s aesthetic philosophy from the act of โ€˜draw-

้‡่ค‡็š„ๆ‰‹ๅทฅไฝœๆฅญ็ฒๅพ—ไบ†ๅ„็จฎ็ทšๆข๏ผŒ้€™ไบ›็ทšๆขๅœจ

์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์† ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์„ ๋“ค์€

ingโ€™ to the act of โ€˜erasingโ€™. Having used the for-

ๅคงๅน…็š„็•ซๅธƒไธŠ้€ฃ็ถฟไธๆ–ท๏ผŒไธๅƒ…ๅฝขๆˆไบ†ๆŸ็จฎ็ฏ€ๅฅ

ํฐ ํ™”ํญ์— ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์—ฐ์†๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฆฌ

mat of drawing in its early stage and the material

ๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚็ตฆไบบไปฅ็„ก้™ๅปถไผธ็š„ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ๆ€็ท’ใ€‚

๋“ฌ๊ฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฌดํ•œ์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

of hanji in its later stage, the series is still a work

ๆœฌไฝœๅ“ๅœจๅก—ๆปฟ้กๆ–™๏ผŒ็„ถๅพŒๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จ็ฒ—็ญ†่Šฏๆˆ–ๆจนๆž

์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์ด ์น ํ•ด์ง„ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค ์œ„์— ๊ตต์€ ์—ฐํ•„์‹ฌ์ด

in progress today. This entry artwork reflects the

ๅœจไธŠ้ข็•ซ็ทšๆขใ€‚่ขซๅˆฎๆŽ‰็š„้ƒจๅˆ†ๆœƒ้œฒๅ‡บ่ƒŒๆ™ฏ้ก

๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ผฌ์ฑ™์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์–ด ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธํžŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ƒ

technique of the seriesโ€™ early phase, a repetition

่‰ฒ๏ผŒ้‡่ค‡ๆ‰‹ๅทฅไฝœๆฅญๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ็š„้€ฃ็บŒๅฝขๆ…‹๏ผŒๅฝขๆˆๆฅต

๊ฒจ๋‚œ ํ™ˆ์€ ๋ฐ‘์น  ๋˜์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ƒ‰์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์†

of drawings on top of monotone oil paint sprayed

ๅ…ถๅ”่ชฟ็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบ่ˆ‡็„ก้™็š„็ฏ€ๅฅๆ„Ÿใ€‚ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ่ชฟ็š„็•ซ้ข

์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์—ฐ์†์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์กฐํ™”์™€ ๋ฌดํ•œ

over the canvas. The lines obtained by the re-

่ฉฎ้‡‹็š„ๆ˜ฏๆ™‚็ฉบไบคๅŠ ็š„็‹€ๆ…‹๏ผŒ็ฐ่‰ฒๆˆ–้’็“ทๅ…‰็ญ‰ไธป

์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฐ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ƒ‰์กฐ์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต

peated movements of the artistโ€™s hand continue

่‰ฒ่ชฟๅ‡็ˆฒ้šฑๅ–ปๆ€ง็š„่‰ฒ่ชฟ๏ผŒ็ตฆไบบไปฅ่ธๅฏฆ็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบ๏ผŒ

ํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ์ƒ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒญ์ž ๋น› ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ์ƒ‰๋“ค

without end across the wide canvas, creating a

ๅŒๆ™‚ๆ•ฃ็™ผๅ‡บๆทกๆทก็š„้ฆ™ๆฐฃใ€‚

์€ ์€์œ ์  ์†์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ƒ‰์กฐ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์€์€ํ•œ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ

sense both of rhythm and infinity.

ไบบๅ€‘็ถ“ๅธธๅพž็ตๆง‹่ˆ‡ๅฝขๅผ็š„่ง’ๅบฆๅฐๆฏ”ไป–่ˆ‡ๅŒๆœŸ็พŽ

๋ฅผ ๋จธ๊ธˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

This artwork is covered with paint, on top of

ๅœ‹่‘—ๅ็š„ๆŠฝ่ฑกๆดพ่—่ก“ๅคงๅธซ่ณฝยทๆ‰˜ๅง†ๅธƒ้›ท็š„ไฝœ

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋Š๋‚Œ๊ณผ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ

which is drawn lines made with thick pencil

ๅ“ใ€‚ๅ…ฉๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ไฝœๅ“้ƒฝๆœ‰่‘—ๆŠฝ่ฑก็ด ๆ่ˆ‡ๅฏŒๆœ‰็ฏ€ๅฅ

์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ข…์ข… ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ถ”์ƒํ‘œํ˜„์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑธ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ

lead or wooden sticks. The groove that forms

ๆ„Ÿ็š„็ทšๆข็ญ‰๏ผŒไฝ†ๆœดๆฃฒ็”ซๅพžไพ†้ƒฝไธ่ชๅฏ้€™ๆจฃ็š„ๅฐ

์ถ”์ƒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ด ํ†ฐ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋˜๊ณค ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ƒ์ 

in the marked places reveals the base color un-

ๆฏ”ใ€‚ๅฏไปฅ่ชชไป–ไน‹ๆ‰€ไปฅไธ่ชๅฏๆ˜ฏๅ› ็ˆฒๅฐๆฏ”็š„ไบบๅ–ฎ

๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฐ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์„ ์˜ ํ–‰์ง„์€ ๋‘ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ

derneath, while the repetition of shape created

็ด”ๅœฐ้€ฒ่กŒ่กจ้ขไธŠ็š„ๆฏ”่ผƒ๏ผŒ่€ŒไธๅŽปๆ€่€ƒๅ…ฉไฝ็•ซๅฎถ

์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ•์„œ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹จํ˜ธํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•œ

by repeated hand motions creates a profound

ๅ„่‡ชๆƒณๅ‚ณ้ž็š„ไฟกๆฏ่ˆ‡่„ˆ็ตกใ€‚ๅฐ่ฆช่บซ็ถ“ๆญท้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พ

๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€์™€ ๋งฅ์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š

level of harmony and infinite rhythm. The mono-

ไปฃ็พŽ่ก“ๅพž้žๅฎšๅฝข่—่ก“ๅˆฐๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ่กจ็พๆดพ่—่ก“ๆ™‚ๆœŸ็š„

๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œ

chrome screen reflects the unification of space

ไป–่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๅ‰ตไฝœ้Ž็จ‹ๅง‹็ต‚้ƒฝๆ˜ฏ่‡ช็œ็š„้Ž็จ‹๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚

๊ตญ์  ์•ตํฌ๋ฅด๋ฉœ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„

and time, while the major colors of gray or ce-

ไนŸๆ˜ฏๅๆ˜ ๆ™‚ไปฃ่ˆ‡ไบบ็”Ÿ็š„้Ž็จ‹ใ€‚้Ÿ“ๅœ‹่ˆ‡็พŽๅœ‹็š„็พ

์„ ์งš์–ด์˜จ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 

ladon blue are metaphors for other things that

ไปฃ็พŽ่ก“ๅฒไธ็›ก็›ธๅŒ๏ผŒๅœจๆญทๅฒ็š„้•ทๆฒณไธญๅ…ฉ่€…็š„่ปŒ

์‹œ๋Œ€์™€ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์Šค์ฒ˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€

contain a calm and subtle fragrance.

้“ๆ˜ฏไบ’ไธ็›ธๅŒ็š„๏ผŒๅฏ่ฆ‹ๆœดๆฃฒ็”ซ่ˆ‡่ณฝยทๆ‰˜ๅง†ๅธƒ้›ท

๋ฏธ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆœ์„ ๋ฐŸ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 

Parkโ€™s artwork is often compared to that of the

็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธฆ้žๆ˜ฏๅฏไปฅ้€ฒ่กŒๅ–ฎ็ด”ๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ใ€‚ๆญฃๅฆ‚ไป–ๆ‰€

์—ญ์‚ฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ถค๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋ฐ•์„œ๋ณด์™€ ์‚ฌ์ด ํ†ฐ

American abstract artist Cy Twombly, a con-

่ชช๏ผŒ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ้Ž็จ‹ไธฆ้žๆ˜ฏๅ–ฎ็ด”ๅœฐ็•ซ็ด ๆ๏ผŒ่€Œ

๋ธ”๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค.

temporaneous abstract expressionist, in terms

ๆ›ดๅƒๆ˜ฏ่ˆ‡ๆญฒๆœˆ้šจ่กŒ็š„ไธ€็จฎไฟฎ่กŒใ€‚

๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰์ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ค๋žซ๋™

of structural mood and format. The abstract

์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด์˜จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค.

drawings and the rhythmic march of lines easily bring to mind the works of both artists, but Park SeoBo firmly declines such a comparison that ignores the different messages and themes of the artists. For Park, who has covered the entirety of modern Korean art, including Korean lโ€™art informel and monochrome, the act of creation was the act of questioning oneself as well as a gesture of projecting oneโ€™s generation and oneโ€™s life into oneโ€™s art. Just as Korean and American modern art each underwent different processes and took very different paths in history, the fact that the work of Park SeoBo and Cy Twombly are different from one another seems to be well established. In the words of Park, his work is not so much a simple drawing but a sort of mental training that has continued for a long, long time. Cy Twombly, Untitled(New York City), 200ร—260cm, 1969

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Park SeoBo 1931- , Korean ๆจธๆฃฒ็”ซ ๋ฐ•์„œ๋ณด

Ecriture No.4-78 ๆๆณ• No.4-78 Pencil and oil on hemp cloth 130ร—162cm(100), 51.2ร—63.8in 1978 signed on the reverse

HKD 450,000 - 530,000 CNY 370,000 - 430,000 USD 58,000 - 68,000 KRW 60,000,000 - 70,000,000

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Park SeoBo 1931- , Korean ๆจธๆฃฒ็”ซ ๋ฐ•์„œ๋ณด

Ecriture No.950227 ๆๆณ• No.950227 Mixed media with Korean paper on canvas 97ร—130.5cm(60), 38.2ร—51.4in 1995 signed on the reverse

HKD 300,000 - 370,000 CNY 250,000 - 300,000 USD 39,000 - 48,000 KRW 40,000,000 - 50,000,000

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Ha ChongHyun 1935- , Korean ๆฒณ้พ่ณข ํ•˜์ข…ํ˜„

Conjunction 92-58 ๆŽฅๅˆ 92-58 Oil on hemp cloth 80ร—100cm(40), 31.5ร—39.4in 1992 signed on the reverse

HKD 75,000 - 150,000 CNY 63,000 - 125,000 USD 10,000 - 20,000 KRW 10,000,000 - 20,000,000

โ€œWhat I want, when one material is naturally percolated down through another material, like paints are smeared on a gunny sack, and the edges of the material are pressed down, is to let the material convey everything I want to convey as it is. Thatโ€™s why I, as the artist, try to say the least amount as possible.โ€ โ€“Ha ChongHyun โ€œๆˆ‘ๆŠŠ้กๆ–™ๅ€’ๅˆฐ้บป่ข‹ไธŠ๏ผŒไธฆ่ผ•่ผ•ๆŽจ้กๆ–™ใ€‚็•ถไธ€็จฎ็‰ฉ่ณชๅพˆ่‡ช็„ถๅœฐๆปฒ้€ฒๅฆๅค–ไธ€็จฎ็‰ฉ่ณช็š„็ธซ้š™๏ผŒไธฆ ๆตๅ‡บๅŽป็š„ๆ™‚ๅ€™๏ผŒไปฅๅŠ็•ถๆˆ‘่ผ•่ผ•ๆŒ‰ๅฃ“ๆตๆทŒๅ‡บๆฑ่ฅฟ็š„ไธ€่ง’ๆ™‚๏ผŒๆˆ‘ๆ‰€ๅธŒๆœ›็š„ๅชไธ้Žๆ˜ฏ็‰ฉ่ณชๆœฌ่บซ่ƒฝ ๅœจๆœ€็œŸๅฏฆ็š„็‹€ๆ…‹ไธ‹ๅฏไปฅไปฃ่จ€ๆˆ‘ๆƒณ่ชช็š„ไธ€ๅˆ‡ใ€‚ๆ‰€ไปฅๆˆ‘่ช็ˆฒๅ‰ตไฝœ่€…ๆ‡‰่ฉฒๅฐ‘่ชชๅคšๅšใ€‚โ€ โ€“ๆฒณ้พ่ณข โ€œ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์„ ์„ฑ๊ธด ๋งˆ๋Œ€ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํ‹ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์ €๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ธ‹์ด ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋†“์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€, ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค.โ€ โ€“ํ•˜์ข…ํ˜„

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Yun HyungKeun 1928-2007, Korean ๅฐนไบจๆ น ์œคํ˜•๊ทผ

Untitled ็„ก้กŒ Oil on linen 91ร—65cm(30), 35.8ร—25.6in 1991 signed on the reverse

HKD 110,000 - 200,000 CNY 90,000 - 150,000 USD 15,000 - 25,000 KRW 15,000,000 - 25,000,000

When a color liquid oozes out of the hemp-color canvas, it resembles ink or the color of an earthen pot on the jangdokdae (stone platform for crocks filled with sauces), which looks simple but evokes deep emotions. Yun HyeongGeunโ€™s painting does not portray any image or movement, but instead highlights the fundamental elements of abstract painting using the material aspects of painting, colors and canvas cloth. โ€“Lee Il ๅพž็ฒ—ๅธƒๆจฃ็•ซๅธƒๆปฒ้€ๅ‡บไพ†็š„ๅฆไธ€็จฎ่‰ฒๅฝฉ๏ผŒๅธถๆœ‰ๅขจๆฑ็š„้ก่‰ฒ๏ผŒๆœ‰ๆ™‚ๅ€™้‚„ๅธถๆœ‰้†ฌ็ผธ็š„ ้ก่‰ฒ๏ผŒ็ธฝไน‹ๆ˜ฏไธ€็จฎ็ด ๆจธๅธถไพ†็š„ๆทกๆทก็š„้ค˜้Ÿปใ€‚ๅฐนไบจๆ น็š„็นช็•ซไธฆไธๅˆป็•ซๅ‡บๆŸ็จฎๅฝข่ฑก ๆˆ–ๅšๅ‡บๆŸ็จฎๅ‹•ไฝœ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏๅƒ…็”จ้กๆ–™ใ€่‰ฒๅฝฉ่ˆ‡็•ซๅธƒ้€™ไบ›็นช็•ซๆ‰€ๅฟ…้œ€็š„ๅทฅๅ…ทไพ†ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ ๆœ€ๆ นๆœฌ็š„ๅญ˜ๅœจไน‹็†็”ฑใ€‚ โ€“ๆŽ้€ธ ์‚ผ๋ฒ  ๋น› ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์— ๋ฒ ์–ด๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰๊ฐ์€ ๋จน๋น›์„ ๋ ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์žฅ๋…๋Œ€์˜ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋น›๊น”์„ ๋ ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•จ ์†์— ์ง„ํ•œ ์—ฌ์šด์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ค€๋‹ค. ์œคํ˜•๊ทผ์˜ ํšŒํ™”๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋‚˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ€๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ฑ„์™€ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค ์ฒœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒํ™”์˜ ๋ฌผ์  ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ์ถ”์ƒํšŒํ™”์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ€“์ด์ผ

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Chung ChangSup 1927- 2011, Korean ไธๆ˜Œ็‡ฎ ์ •์ฐฝ์„ญ

TAK No.85920 ๆฅฎ No.85920 Best fiber on canvas 151.5ร—82cm, 59.6ร—32.3in 1990

HKD 150,000 - 220,000 CNY 120,000 - 180,000 USD 20,000 - 30,000 KRW 20,000,000 - 30,000,000 EXHIBITED Tate Gallery Liverpool, Working with Nature, April-June 1992, UK

โ€œI work with mulberry bark not because I want to show some fortuitous processes on the paper, an end product, but because I want to manipulate the major ingredient of the paper with my hands so that my soul, breath, and bodily odor are soaked through the paper ingredients and I and the paper become one.โ€ โ€“Jeong ChangSup โ€œๆˆ‘ๅˆฉ็”จๆฅฎ้€ฒ่กŒ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๆ˜ฏไธ€ๅ€‹ๆˆๅ“๏ผŒไธฆ้žๆ˜ฏๆŠŠไธ€ๅ€‹ๅถ็„ถ็š„้Ž็จ‹้‹ช้–‹ๅœจ็ด™ๅผต่กจ้ข ไธŠ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏ้€š้Žไธๆ–ทๆ‰ๆ“ใ€ๆ”ชๆ‹Œๅ’Œๆ‹ๆ‰“็š„ๅ‹•ไฝœ้‡ๆ–ฐๅก‘้€ ้Ÿ“็ด™ๅŽŸๆ–™โ€˜ๆฅฎโ€™็š„้Ž็จ‹๏ผŒ ๆŠŠๆˆ‘่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๆฐฃๆฏใ€้ˆ้ญ‚ๅ’Œ้ซ”้ฆ™้€š้€š่ž้€ฒๅ…ถไธญ๏ผŒๆœ€็ต‚่ฎ“่‡ชๅทฑๅ’Œไฝœๅ“่ž็ˆฒไธ€้ซ”ใ€‚โ€ โ€“ไธๆ˜Œ็‡ฎ โ€œ๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹ฅ(ๆฅฎ) ์ž‘์—…์€ ์™„์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ข…์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์–ด๋–ค ์šฐ์—ฐ์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํŽผ์ณ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ข…์ด์˜ ์›๋ฃŒ์ธ '๋‹ฅ'์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ข…์ด์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ ์†์— ๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๊ณผ ์ฒด์ทจ๊ฐ€ ๋…น์•„๋“ค์–ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€ โ€“์ •์ฐฝ์„ญ

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Chung SangHwa 1932- , Korean ้„ญ็›ธๅ’Œ ์ •์ƒํ™”

Untitled 82-7-16 ็„ก้กŒ 82-7-16 Acrylic on canvas 157ร—123.5cm, 61.8ร—48.6in 1982 signed on the reverse

HKD 340,000 - 450,000 CNY 280,000 - 380,000 USD 44,000 - 58,000 KRW 45,000,000 - 60,000,000

โ€œCapturing something invisible on the canvas is what I do. Many people pass through my work because it doesnโ€™t depict anything clearly defined. All my works look similar at first glance. However, each work turns out differently and thatโ€™s what keeps me doing it.โ€ โ€“Chung SangHwa โ€œๆŠŠ่‚‰็œผ็œ‹ไธ่ฆ‹็š„ๆฑ่ฅฟๅ‘ˆ็พๅœจ็•ซๅธƒไธŠ๏ผŒ้€™ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏๆˆ‘่ฆๅš็š„ไบ‹ๆƒ…ใ€‚ๆˆ‘็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธญไธฆๆฒ’ ๆœ‰็‰นๅˆฅ้ฎฎๆ˜Ž็š„็•ซไฝœๅฐ่ฑก๏ผŒๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†้ƒฝๆœƒไธ€้–ƒ่€Œ้Žใ€‚ๆˆ‘็š„ไฝœๅ“็œ‹ไผผ้ƒฝไธ€ๆจกไธ€ๆจฃ๏ผŒ ไฝ†ๅฏฆ้š›ไธŠๆฏๅ€‹ไฝœๅ“้ƒฝๆœ‰่‘—่‡ช่บซ็‰น้ปž๏ผŒๆญฃๅ› ็ˆฒๅฆ‚ๆญค๏ผŒๆˆ‘ๆ‰่ƒฝๅ …ๆŒๅš้€™ไปฝๅ‰ตไฝœใ€‚โ€ โ€“้„ญ็›ธๅ’Œ โ€œ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์— ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์—†์–ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์Šค์ณ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.โ€ โ€“์ •์ƒํ™”

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Chen LianQing 1967- , Chinese

Chen LianQing 1967- , Chinese

้™ณ่ฏๆ…ถ ์ฒœ ๋ฆฌ์—”์นญ

้™ณ่ฏๆ…ถ ์ฒœ ๋ฆฌ์—”์นญ

Hot 798

Noon Gate

ๅŒ…่ฑชๆ–ฏไบ‹ไปถ

็ญๅญ

Acrylic on canvas

Acrylic on canvas

150ร—150cm, 59ร—59in

85ร—150cm, 33.5ร—59in

2007

2005-2006

signed on the lower right and reverse

signed on the lower right and reverse

HKD 45,000 - 60,000

HKD 80,000 - 120,000

CNY 38,000 - 50,000

CNY 67,000 - 100,000

USD 6,000 - 8,000

USD 10,000 - 16,000

KRW 6,000,000 - 8,000,000

KRW 11,000,000 - 16,000,000

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Chu TehChun (Zhu DeQun) 1920-2014, Chinese ๆœฑๅพท็พค ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ

Snow Scenery ้›ชไธญๅณๆ™ฏ Oil on canvas 54ร—45.5cm(10), 21.3ร—17.9in 1985 signed on the lower left and reverse

ESTIMATE ON REQUEST ๅฆ่กŒๅ’จ่ฉข

โ€œThe Chinese people just didn't use the term 'abstraction,' that's all. Nature is absorbed into the artist's thought and then undergoes refinement, and it is the power of the artist's imagination, his sensibility, and his inner character that are revealed on the canvas. This is where the concepts behind Chinese painting and abstract painting very neatly come together.โ€ - Chu Tehchun (Zhu Dequn) โ€œไธญๅœ‹ไบบๅชๆ˜ฏๆฒ’ๆœ‰ไฝฟ็”จโ€˜ๆŠฝ่ฑกโ€™ๆญคไธ€่ฉž่ชžใ€‚็•ซๅฎถๆ†‘่—‰ๆƒณๅƒๅŠ›ใ€ๆ„Ÿๆ€ง่ˆ‡ๅ€‹ๅ…งๅœจๆ€งๆ ผ๏ผŒๆŠŠๅคง่‡ช็„ถ่ž ๅ…ฅ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๆ€ๆฝฎไธฆๅฐๅฎƒๆ็…‰๏ผŒๆœ€ๅพŒๆต้œฒๅœจ็•ซ้ขไธŠ๏ผŒไธญๅœ‹็นช็•ซๅ’ŒๆŠฝ่ฑก็•ซ็š„ๆƒณๆณ•ไธ่ฌ€่€Œๅˆใ€‚โ€ โ€“ๆœฑๅพท็พค ยฉ Chu,Teh-Chun / ADAGP, Paris - SACK, Seoul, 2014

โ€œ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ โ€˜์ถ”์ƒโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์œตํ•ฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ, ์ˆ˜์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์ด ํ™”๋ฉด ์œ„์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ํšŒํ™”์™€ ์ถ”์ƒ ํšŒํ™”์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€ - ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ

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Chu TehChun was born in China and studied art in France. He is considered a pioneer in modern abstract painting

ๅฎขโ€็š„ไธญๅœ‹่ฟ‘ไปฃ็•ซๅฎถๆœฑๅพท็พคใ€่ถ™็„กๆฅตใ€ๅณๅ† ไธญ้ƒฝๆถˆๅคฑๅœจๆญทๅฒ่ˆžๅฐไธŠ๏ผŒๆˆ‘ๅ€‘ๅช่ƒฝ้€š้Žไป–

in China, along with Zao Wou-Ki. Well-known for his expressions of Oriental philosophy within a Western medium,

ๅ€‘็•™ไธ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“ไพ†็ทฌๆ‡ทไป–ๅ€‘ไบ†ใ€‚ๅฐคๅ…ถๆ˜ฏไธ€็›ดไปฅไพ†ๆทฑๅ—ๅคง็œพๅ–œๆ„›็š„ๆœฑๅพท็พค็š„ใ€Š้›ชไธญๅณๆ™ฏใ€‹็ณป

Chu was the first Chinese artist to study at the Acadรฉmie des Beaux Arts and wrestle with the question of how he

ๅˆ—๏ผŒๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅˆ้‡ๆ–ฐๅ—ๅˆฐ่—่ก“ๆ”ถ่—ๅฎถๅ€‘็š„้—œๆณจ๏ผŒ้ ่จˆไฝœๅ“็š„ๆจ™ๅƒนๆœƒๅคงๅคงๆ้ซ˜ใ€‚

could embrace both the East and the West in his work. Fascinated by the works of Monet, Cezanne, and Matisse, Chu delved deeply into abstract painting while studying in France. He began to incorporate traditional Chinese painting into Western mediums, creating a new perspective

์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ•œ ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์€ ์ž์šฐํ‚ค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ถ”์ƒํšŒํ™”์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋กœ

in modern abstract painting. Chu is known for the understated yet polished beauty of his painting techniques.

ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋™์–‘์˜ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š”,

Chu TehChunโ€™s paintings feature dynamic colors, dim lighting and shadows; his powerful and distinct brushstrokes

์ค‘๊ตญ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์œ ํ•™ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์ค„๊ณง ๋™์„œ์–‘์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ

symbolize the profundity of Oriental art. Chu primarily works in oils, and is known for his skill in translating his vast

์•„์šฐ๋ฅผ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด์™”๋‹ค.

knowledge and understanding of traditional Chinese painting into his work. Common themes include the spiritual

ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชจ๋„ค์™€ ์„ธ์ž”, ๋งˆํ‹ฐ์Šค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ ์ถ”์ƒํšŒํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ

world and the natural poetry of nature.

์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต ํšŒํ™”์™€ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ์ถ”์ƒํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ถ”์ƒํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ์žฌ

Completed in 1985, <Snow Scenery> exemplifies the artistโ€™s style during that period with its dynamism, delicate

์กฐ๋ช… ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ ˆ์ œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์•ผ์„ฑ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ํšŒํ™” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

brushstrokes, and harmonious melody of color. Chuโ€™s <Snow Scene> series, created during the period from 1985

์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์˜ ํšŒํ™”๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ฑ„, ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋น›๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž, ๋™์–‘ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ

to 1989, consists of only around 20 works and is noted for its outstanding depictions of twilight. Chu completed

๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ถ“์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊ธธ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์œ ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘๊ตญ

this series after a trip to Geneva, Switzerland, in 1985. The Alps, surrounding clouds, shadows, and the fantastic

์˜ ์ „ํ†ต ํšŒํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ•์‹ํ•จ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

and mysterious atmosphere created by the clouds above the water were to the artist like Tang poetry come alive.

์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์†Œ์žฌ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋Œ€ํ•จ๊ณผ

Chu said his reason for creating the series was to preserve that feeling. This is an artist very attuned with his inner

์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์™„์„ฑ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

feelings, a connection which inspires him to new horizons in his work.

์ด๋ฒˆ์— ์ถœํ’ˆ๋œ <Snow Scenery> ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ 1985๋…„ ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ถ“๋†€๋ฆผ, ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ƒ‰

When Chu visited France for the first time, he was preoccupied with the literature of the Tang and Song dynasties.

์ฑ„์˜ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘์—… ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 1985๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1989๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์„ ๋ณด

His infatuation with traditional Chinese poetry and prose affected his aesthetic consciousness a great deal, inspiring

์˜€๋˜ <Snow Scene> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ 20์—ฌ ์ ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋กœ ํ‰

him to express his inner feelings in his work and open his mind to the joys of the creative act itself. He began to

๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” 1985๋…„ ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์ด ์Šค์œ„์Šค ์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์€ ์˜๊ฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”

seek ways to unify Eastern and Western sensitivities, finding some inspiration in Western classical music, and in this

๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ์•Œํ”„์Šค์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜จ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ

pursuit created paintings very much unique to Chu TehChun.

๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ฐ์ •์„

Western art critics call Chuโ€™s work โ€œpoems expressed in abstract painting.โ€ The <Snow Scene> series, in particular,

๋ถ™์žก๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค ์œ„์— ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์˜ ์ž‘์—…๊ด€๊ณผ

is reminiscent of poetry by Li Po (701-762), one of the most notable poets in Chinaโ€™s literary history. Chu creates

๋„ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด

magnificent winter scenery that expresses so many different feelings, much like the poetry of Li Po.

ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์—ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹จ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Sadly, Chu TehChun passed away in Paris in March of this year. It is unfortunate that we will no longer be able to

์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์†ก๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฌธํ•™์— ์‹ฌ์ทจ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ

see new works by him or Zao Wou-Ki and Wu Guan-Zhong, the other two making up the trio of modern Chinese

์ง€์†๋œ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ „ํ†ต ์‹œ์™€ ์‚ฐ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์˜์‹์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž‘์—…์— ๋‚ด๋ฉด

painters who were active in France.

์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ“๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘ํ’ˆํ™œ๋™์€ ํฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ํด

As Chuโ€™s <Snow Scene> series is enjoying renewed interest and attention from art collectors, <Snow Scenery> is

๋ž˜์‹ ์Œ์•…์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์–‘๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฐ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…

expected to set a higher price at auction than it ever has before.

์— ๋…น์•„ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ ๋งŒ์˜ ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

Untitled 81ร—65cm, 1985, Christie's Hong Kong: Saturday, May 25, 2013 [Lot 00006] Price Realized: HK$8,430,000 ($1,091,171)

๋งŽ์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ ํ‰๋ก ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์ถ”์ƒํšŒํ™”๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ํ•œํŽธ์˜ ์‹œ๋กœ ๋Š๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ <Snow Scene> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์‹œ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ์ธ ์ดํƒœ๋ฐฑ(ๆŽ็™ฝ, Li Po 701-762)์„ ๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผไธญๅœ‹็š„ๆ—…ๆณ•็•ซๅฎถๆœฑๅพท็พค่ˆ‡่ถ™็„กๆฅตไธฆ็จฑ็ˆฒไธญๅœ‹็พไปฃๆŠฝ่ฑก็นช็•ซ็š„ๅ…ˆ้ฉ…ใ€‚ไป–่ขซ่ญฝ็ˆฒๆ˜ฏๆœ€ๆ“…้•ท็”จ่ฅฟๆ–น็นช็•ซ็š„ๆŠ€ๅทง่กจ

์—ฐ์ƒ์ผ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์—„ํ•œ ๊ฒจ์šธ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์€ ์ดํƒœ๋ฐฑ์˜ ์‹œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ ํญ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ์ •

็พๅ‡บๆฑๆ–น็ฒพ็ฅž็š„็•ซๅฎถ๏ผŒไฝœ็ˆฒ็ฌฌไธ€ไฝ้€ฒๅ…ฅๆณ•ๅœ‹่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ข(Acadรฉmie des Beaux Arts)ๆทฑ้€ ็š„ไธญๅœ‹็•ซๅฎถ๏ผŒไป–ไธ€็›ดไธๆ–ท

์„ ์••์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ๅœฐๆ€็ดข่‘—ๆฑ่ฅฟๆ–น่—่ก“็š„่žๅˆไน‹้“ใ€‚

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์˜ฌํ•ด 3์›” ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ณ„์„ธํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ 

ๅฐคๅ…ถๆ˜ฏ่Žซๅฅˆใ€ๅกžๅฐšใ€้ฆฌ่’‚ๆ–ฏ็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆทฑๆทฑๅธๅผ•ไบ†ไป–๏ผŒๆ–ผๆ˜ฏไป–้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจๆณ•ๅœ‹ๆทฑๅ…ฅ็ ”็ฉถๆŠฝ่ฑก็นช็•ซ๏ผŒไธฆๅ˜—่ฉฆๅฐ‡ไธญๅœ‹็š„ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ็นช

์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ์ž์šฐํ‚ค, ์šฐ๊ด€์ค‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ํ™”๊ฐ€ 3์ธ๋ฐฉ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†

็•ซ่ˆ‡่ฅฟๆ–น็š„ๆŠฝ่ฑก็นช็•ซ้€ฒ่กŒ็ตๅˆใ€‚้€š้Ž้€™ไบ›ๅŠชๅŠ›๏ผŒไป–้–‹ๅง‹้‡ๆ–ฐ่ฉฎ้‡‹็พไปฃๆŠฝ่ฑก็นช็•ซ๏ผŒ่žๅˆๅ……ๆปฟๆฟƒ็ƒˆ็ฒ—็ท็š„้‡Žๆ€ง็พŽ๏ผŒๆœ€

์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋˜

็ต‚ๅฝขๆˆไบ†ไป–็จ็‰น็š„็นช็•ซ้ขจๆ ผใ€‚

์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์˜ 80๋…„๋Œ€ <Snow Scene>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ปฌ๋ ‰ํ„ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜

ๆœฑๅพท็พค็š„็นช็•ซ้ขจๆ ผไปฅ่ฎŠๅŒ–ๅคš็ซฏ็š„่‰ฒๅฝฉใ€ๆš—ๆทก็š„็‡ˆๅ…‰ๅ’ŒๅฝฑๅญไปฅๅŠ้ซ”็พๆฑๆ–น็พŽ่ก“ๆทฑๅŽšๅบ•่˜Š็š„ๅผท็ƒˆ้ฎฎๆ˜Ž็š„้‹็ญ†่€Œ่‘—็จฑใ€‚

๋ฉด์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

้›–็„ถไป–้ธๆ“‡็š„ๆ˜ฏๆฒน็•ซๆ–นๅผ๏ผŒไฝ†ไป–ๅฐไธญๅœ‹ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ็นช็•ซ็š„ๅšๅญธๅ’Œ็ฒพๆน›้€ ่ฉฃไฝฟไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“้”ๅˆฐไบ†ไฝœ่€…ๅ’Œ็นช็•ซๅฐ่ฑก่ž็ˆฒไธ€้ซ”็š„ ๅขƒ็•Œใ€‚ๅฐคๅ…ถๆ˜ฏๅ…ทๆœ‰ไธญๅœ‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–็‰น่‰ฒ็š„็ด ๆ๏ผŒ่ƒฝๅค ็œŸๅˆ‡ๅœฐ่กจ็พๅ‡บไฝœ่€…ๆƒณ่ฆ่กจ้”็š„ๅ…งๅฟƒไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒๅ› ๆญคไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธญๅŒๆ™‚ๅ…ทๆœ‰ ่ฉฉๆ„็š„ๆฐฃๅ‹ข็ฃ…็คดๅ’Œ่‡ช็„ถ็š„ๆต้œฒใ€‚

La forรชt blanche II (diptych) overall: 130ร—390cm, 1987 Christie's Hong Kong: November 24, 2012 [Lot. 11] Price Realized: HK$60,020,000 ($7,780,915)

้€™ๆฌกๅƒๅฑ•็š„ใ€Š้›ชไธญๅณๆ™ฏใ€‹ๆ˜ฏ1985ๅนดๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒๅ……ๆปฟๆดปๅŠ›็š„ๆง‹ๅœ–ใ€็ดฐ่†ฉ็š„้‹็ญ†ใ€็พŽ้บ—็š„่‰ฒๅฝฉๅพˆๅฅฝๅœฐ่กจ็พๅ‡บไบ†็•ถๆ™‚ไฝœ ่€…็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๅ‚พๅ‘ใ€‚ๅฐคๅ…ถๆ˜ฏ1985ๅนดๅˆฐ1989ๅนดไน‹้–“ๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„ใ€Š้›ชไธญๅณๆ™ฏใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ๅ…จๅฅ—ๅƒ…ๆœ‰ไบŒๅๅคšๅน…๏ผŒ่ขซ่ฉ•ๅƒน็ˆฒๆ˜ฏๆœ€่ƒฝ้ซ”็พๆœฑๅพท ็พคๅฐ็นช็•ซ่—่ก“็š„ๆ‘ธ็ดข็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚้€™ไธ€็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“ๆ˜ฏ1985ๅนดๆœฑๅพท็พคๅœจ็‘žๅฃซๆ—ฅๅ…ง็“ฆๆ—…้Šๆ™‚็ฒๅพ—็š„้ˆๆ„Ÿใ€‚็•ถๆ™‚๏ผŒไป–็œ‹ๅˆฐ ไบ†้˜ฟ็ˆพๅ‘ๆ–ฏๅฑฑไปฅๅŠ็ธˆ็นžๅœจๅ‘จๅœ็š„้›ฒๅฝฉใ€ๅฝฑๅญ๏ผŒ้‚„ๆœ‰ๆตฎไธŠๆฐด้ข็š„้›ฒๅฝฉๆ‰€ๅฝขๆˆ็š„ๅคขๅนปๆฐฃๆฐ›๏ผŒ้‚ฃๆ™ฏ่ฑก่ฎ“ไป–่ฏๆƒณ่ตทไบ†ๅ”่ฉฉ ็š„ๆ„ๅขƒใ€‚ไป–่ชชไป–ๆƒณ็•™ไฝ็•ถๆ™‚็š„้‚ฃ็จฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆบ๏ผŒๆ‰€ไปฅ้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจ็•ซๅธƒไธŠ่กจ็พๅ‡บ้‚ฃ็จฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆบใ€‚้€™่ˆ‡ๆœฑๅพท็พค็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ่ง€ๅฟตไนŸๆœ‰็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ ้—œ็ณป๏ผŒๆฏ”่ตทๅค–็•Œๅญ˜ๅœจ็š„ไบ‹็‰ฉ๏ผŒไป–ๆ›ด้ก˜ๆ„้—œๆณจ่‡ชๅทฑๅ…งๅฟƒ็š„ๆƒ…ๆ„Ÿใ€‚้€™ๆจฃ็š„้Ž็จ‹ไนŸๆˆ็ˆฒไป–้–‹ๅ‰ตๆ–ฐ็š„่—่ก“ไธ–็•Œ็š„้–‹็ซฏใ€‚ ๆœฑๅพท็พคๅ‰›ๅˆฐๆณ•ๅœ‹็š„ๆ™‚ๅ€™ๆญฃ้†‰ๅฟƒๆ–ผๅ”ๅฎ‹็š„่ฉฉๆญŒๆ–‡ๅญธ๏ผŒ่€Œๅคšๅนดไพ†ๅฐไธญๅœ‹ๅ‚ณ็ตฑ่ฉฉๆญŒๅ’Œๆ•ฃๆ–‡็š„้…ทๆ„›ไนŸๅฐไป–็š„ๅฏฉ็พŽๆ„่ญ˜็”ข็”Ÿ ไบ†้‡ๅคงๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚้€™ไนŸๆˆ็ˆฒไป–ๅœจๅ‰ตไฝœๆ™‚ๅฐ‡่‡ชๅทฑๅ…งๅฟƒ็š„ๆƒ…ๆ„ŸๆŠ•ๅ…ฅๅˆฐไฝœๅ“ไธญ็š„้‡่ฆๅฅ‘ๆฉŸ๏ผŒๆ–ผๆ˜ฏๅ‰ตไฝœ่ฎ“ไป–ๆ„Ÿๅˆฐๅฟซๆจ‚ใ€‚ๅŒๆ™‚๏ผŒ ไป–ไนŸ็ถ“ๅธธๆฌฃ่ณž่ฅฟๆ–น็š„ๅคๅ…ธ้Ÿณๆจ‚๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๅฐ‡ๆฑ่ฅฟๆ–น็š„ๆ–‡ๅŒ–่žๆœƒ่ฒซ้€š๏ผŒ่ฑๅฏŒ็š„้ˆๆ„Ÿๆณจๅ…ฅๅˆฐไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธญ๏ผŒๅฝขๆˆไบ†ๆœฑๅพท็พค็‰น ๆœ‰็š„็นช็•ซ้ขจๆ ผใ€‚ ่จฑๅคš่ฅฟๆ–น็š„่—่ก“่ฉ•่ซ–ๅฎถ้ƒฝ่ชชไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅฐฑๅƒๆ˜ฏไธ€้ฆ–็”จๆŠฝ่ฑก็•ซๆ็นช็š„่ฉฉใ€‚ๅฐคๅ…ถใ€Š้›ชไธญๅณๆ™ฏใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ๆ›ดๆ˜ฏ่ฎ“ไบบ่ฏๆƒณ่ตทไธญๅœ‹ๆœ€ ่ฒ ็››ๅ็š„ๅ”ไปฃๅคง่ฉฉไบบๆŽ็™ฝ(701-762)๏ผŒ่ŽŠๅšด้œ็ฉ†็š„ๅ†ฌๆ—ฅๆ™ฏ่‰ฒๅฐฑๅƒๆŽ็™ฝ็š„่ฉฉไธ€ๆจฃ๏ผŒๅœจๆœฑๅพท็พค็š„็ญ†ไธ‹่ฎŠๆˆไบ†ไธ€ๅน…่ฉฉๆญŒ๏ผŒ ๅฐ‡็„กๆ•ธ็ด›ๆ“พ็š„ๆƒ…ๆ„Ÿๆฟƒ็ธฎๅœจๅ…ถไธญใ€‚ ๅฏๆƒœ็š„ๆ˜ฏๆœฑๅพท็พค่€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿๆ–ผไปŠๅนดไธ‰ๆœˆๅœจๆณ•ๅœ‹ๅทด้ปŽ้€ไธ–๏ผŒไปŠๅพŒๆˆ‘ๅ€‘ๅ†ไนŸ็œ‹ไธๅˆฐไป–็š„ๆ–ฐๅ‰ตไฝœไบ†ใ€‚ๅพžๆญค๏ผŒ่ขซ็จฑ็ˆฒโ€œ็•™ๆณ•ไธ‰ๅŠ 118

119


59

Tang ZhiGang 1959- , Chinese ๅ”ๅฟ—ๅ‰› ํƒ• ์ฆˆ๊ฐ•

Chinese Fairytale-Bladder Stones 1 ไธญๅœ‹็ซฅ่ฉฑ-่†€่ƒฑ็ต็Ÿณ1 Oil on canvas 200ร—220cm, 78.7ร—86.6in 2007 signed on the lower right

HKD 1,100,000 - 1,500,000 CNY 930,000 - 1,250,000 USD 145,000 - 200,000 KRW 150,000,000 - 200,000,000

LITERATURE DoART CHINA, Never grow up-Tang Zhigang 1977-2007, 2007, pl.35.

Tang ZhiGangโ€™s early political propaganda work

ๅ”ๅฟ—ๅ‰›็š„ๅˆๆœŸไฝœๅ“ๆทฑๅ—็คพๆœƒไธป็พฉๅฏซๅฏฆไธป็พฉ็š„ๅฝฑ

ํƒ• ์ฆˆ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ž‘์—…์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›

was influenced by Socialist Realism. He witnessed

้Ÿฟ๏ผŒ็•ซ็š„ๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†้ƒฝๆ˜ฏๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎฃๅ‚ณไฝœๅ“ใ€‚ๅพŒไพ†้€š้Ž

์•„ ์ •์น˜์„ ์ „๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ-์ค‘๊ตญ์ „ํŒŒ๋ณ‘์„ ํ†ต

the brutality of war on the battlefield during the Sino-

่ถŠๅ—ๆˆฐ็ˆญ้€š่จŠๅ…ต็ถ“ๆญท็›ฎ็นไบ†ๆˆฐ็ˆญ็š„ๆฎ˜้…ท๏ผŒๅ”ๅฟ—

ํ•ด ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์ฐธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณธ ์ดํ›„ ํƒ• ์ฆˆ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ž‘์—…๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ „ํ™˜

Vietnamese War, which served as a turning point

ๅ‰›็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๆ–นๅผๅพžๆญค็™ผ็”Ÿไบ†่ฎŠๅŒ–ใ€‚ไป–ไปฅ่ซทๅˆบๆ‰‹ๆณ•

์ ์„ ๋งž์ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ตฐ์ธ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ

in his life as an artist. After his war experiences he

ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ่ปไบบ็คพๆœƒๆ‰€็‰นๆœ‰็š„่„ซ้›ข็พๅฏฆไน‹ๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒ้›–็„ถ

์˜ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์„ ํ’์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ

began to satirize in his work the gap between reality

ๅ‰ตไฝœไธป้กŒ้žๅธธๆฒ‰้‡๏ผŒไฝ†่ง€็œพ็œ‹ๅˆฐไฝœๅ“ๆ™‚ๅฟไธไฝ

์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ

and the military. Though his works possess weighty

ๆœƒๅพฎ็ฌ‘ใ€‚ไฝœ่€…ๆƒณ้€š้Ž็•ซไฝœไพ†ๅ‘ˆ็พ็š„ๆ˜ฏ็•ถๆˆ‘ๅ€‘้‡

์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ง“๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚œ๊ด€์— ๋ถ€๋”ช์ณค์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜„์‹ค

themes, they are at the same time infused with opti-

ๅˆฐ้›ฃ้—œๆ™‚็†ๆ€งๅˆคๆ–ทๅ›บ็„ถ้‡่ฆ๏ผŒไฝ†ๆ›ด้œ€่ฆ่ƒฝๅค ้€€

์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๋ฐœ ์ง ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ

mism. It is as though the artist is asking the viewer to

ไธ€ๆญฅ็ฌ‘้ขไบบ็”Ÿ็š„ๆจ‚่ง€ๆ…‹ๅบฆใ€‚

์„œ ์›ƒ์–ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ญ์„ค์ ์ธ ์˜

take a step back and confront trouble in life through

ๆœฌๆฌกๅƒๆ‹ไฝœๅ“ๆ˜ฏ<ไธญๅœ‹็ซฅ่ฉฑ>็ณปๅˆ—๏ผŒไป–ๅœจ็•ซไฝœไธญ้€š

๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์žˆ๋‹ค.

both rational judgment and a sense of hopefulness,

้Žๅนดๅฐ‘ไบบ๏ผŒๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๆ”น้ฉ้–‹ๆ”พไปฅๅพŒไบบๅ€‘็š„ๆ€็ถญ่ˆ‡

์ด๋ฒˆ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ <Chinese Fairytale>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ

even playfulness.

่กจ้”ๆ–นๅผ่ฎŠ่‡ช็”ฑ็š„็คพๆœƒ้ข่ฒŒใ€‚ไฝœๅฎถ้€š้Ž่ฉผ่ซง็š„

ํ˜๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด

Tang ZhiGangโ€™s <Chinese Fairytale> series, which

่กจ็พๆ‰‹ๆณ•ๅŠไธฆ็„กๅจๅฃ“ๆ„Ÿ็š„ๅนดๅฐ‘ไบบ๏ผŒๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๅพžๅฐ

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒช์–ด์˜จ ์‚ฌํšŒ

is related to the work on auction, portray children

็ถ“ๆญท็š„็คพๆœƒๆ‚–็†่ˆ‡ๅœจๆ”น้ฉ้–‹ๆ”พ็š„็†ฑๆฝฎไธญๅช่ƒฝไปฅ

์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ๋ถ„

as a symbol of the freedom of thought and ex-

่ปไบบ่บซไปฝ็”Ÿๆดป็š„้ฌฑๆ‚ถ๏ผŒไปฅๅŠ่„ซ้›ข็พๅฏฆ็š„็„กๅฅˆใ€‚

์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋‚€ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•จ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŽธ์•ˆ

pression brought by Chinaโ€™s reform and open

2000ๅนดไปฅๅพŒ๏ผŒๅ”ๅฟ—ๅ‰›็š„ไฝœๅ“้–‹ๅง‹ๅธถๆœ‰ๆฆ‚ๅฟตๅŒ–็š„

ํ•œ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ดํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

door policy. He humorously expresses the confu-

ๅ› ็ด ใ€‚ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“่ˆ‡ๅ…ถ่ชชๆ˜Ž็ขบ่กจ้”ไบ†ๆ‰นๅˆคๆ€ง่ฆ–่ง’๏ผŒ

2000๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํƒ• ์ฆˆ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ฐœ๋…ํšŒํ™”์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ 

sion caused by the social irregularities he experi-

ไธๅฆ‚่ชชๅพžๆฆ‚ๅฟตๅŒ–ๅฑค้ข้€ฒ่กŒไบ†ไธ€็จฎ่ฉฎ้‡‹ใ€‚ๆœฌๆฌกๅƒๆ‹

๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ‰์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐœ๋…

enced throughout his life due to Chinaโ€™s dramatic

ไฝœๅ“โ€œไธญๅœ‹็ซฅ่ฉฑ-่†€่ƒฑ็ต็Ÿณ1โ€้€š้Ž่ขซๆฐดๆตๆŽจๅ‘ไธ‹้Š

์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ถœํ’ˆ

changes, and the frustrations he had as children.

็š„ๅ…’็ซฅๅ€‘๏ผŒ็”จๆฆ‚ๅฟตๅŒ–ๆŠ€ๆณ•ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ็Œถๅฆ‚ๆฝฎๆฐด่ˆฌ็š„ๆต

์ž‘์ธ โ€œChinese Fairytale-Bladder Stones 1โ€ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋–จ

From 2000, Tang ZhiGang shows elements of

ๅนดๆญฒๆœˆๅŠ็คพๆœƒ็พ่ฑกใ€‚

์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌผ์‚ด ์†์— ๋– ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์™€

conceptualism in his work, rather outright criti-

๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰

cism. โ€œChinese Fairytale-Bladder Stones 1โ€ is a

๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

conceptual depiction of the tide-like dynamics of social phenomena, symbolized in the children floating down the water.

120

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Zhang 122

XiaoGang 123


60

Zhang XiaoGang 1958- , Chinese ๅผตๆ›‰ๅ‰› ์žฅ ์ƒค์˜ค๊ฐ•

Untitled ็„ก้กŒ Oil on canvas 160ร—200cm, 63ร—78.7in 2006 signed on the lower right

HKD 7,000,000 - 9,000,000 CNY 5,800,000 - 7,500,000 USD 930,000 - 1,150,000 KRW 950,000,000 - 1,200,000,000

Though Zhang XiaoGang attended the Sichuan

ๅผตๆ›‰ๅ‰›ๆ–ผ1980ๅนดไปฃๅฐฑ่ฎ€ๆ–ผๅ››ๅท็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข๏ผŒ็•ถๆ™‚

์žฅ ์ƒค์˜ค๊ฐ•์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ–ˆ๋˜ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์“ฐ์ดจ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™์›(Sichuan

Art Academy in the 1980sโ€”a leading institution

็š„ๅ››ๅท็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ขๆ˜ฏๅ‚ท็—•็พŽ่ก“ๅ’Œ้„‰ๅœŸ็พŽ่ก“็š„ๅคงๆœฌ

Art Academy) ๋‹น์‹œ ์ƒํ”, ํ–ฅํ†  ๋ฏธ์ˆ (Scar art, Local art)

of scar art and local artโ€”he also explored West-

็‡Ÿ๏ผŒ็„ถ่€Œไป–ๅปๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ทŸ้šจ้€™ไธ€ไธปๆตๅญธๆดพ๏ผŒๅ่€Œ็นผ

์„ ์ด๋Œ๋˜ ๊ณณ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•™ํ’์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ

ern modernist art like Surrealism. He continues

็บŒๆŽข็ดข่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉ็ญ‰่ฅฟๆ–น็พไปฃไธป็พฉ่—่ก“ใ€‚ๅผตๆ›‰

๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ํƒ

to pursue new artistic styles that correspond

ๅ‰›ๅœจ่ฟฝๆฑ‚็ฌฆๅˆ่‡ชๅทฑ่—่ก“็†ๅฟต็š„ๆ–ฐๅฝขๅผ็š„ๅŒๆ™‚๏ผŒ

๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์žฅ ์ƒค์˜ค๊ฐ•์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”

with his artistic perspectives while taking on the

ไนŸๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๅ›ž้ฟไธญๅœ‹็š„็พๅฏฆ๏ผŒ1966ๅนด็ˆ†็™ผ็š„ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๅคง

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–‘์‹์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์™ธ๋ฉด

themes of Chinaโ€™s social realities, such as the

้ฉๅ‘ฝๅฐไป–็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ็”ข็”Ÿไบ†ๆœ€ๆทฑ้ ็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚ๅ‚ณๆ‰ฟไบ†

ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, 1966๋…„ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Œ€ํ˜๋ช…์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

Cultural Revolution of 1966, which has had an

ๆ•ธๅƒๅนด็š„ๆ–‡ๅŒ–้บ็”ข้ญๅˆฐๅšด้‡็ ดๅฃž๏ผŒๅนพ็™พ่ฌ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜

์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋…„์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์‚ฐ๋“ค

extremely profound impact on his art. During

ๅˆ†ๅญ็š„ไบบๆฌŠๆ…˜้ญ่น‚่บช๏ผŒๅพžไป–้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœๆดปๅ‹•็š„้‚ฃ

์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์ง€์‹์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์ด ์œ ๋ฆฐ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”

the Cultural Revolution, Chinaโ€™s time-honored

ไธ€ๅคฉ่ตท๏ผŒไป–ไธ€ๅˆปไนŸๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๅฟ˜่จ˜้Ž้€™ๆจฃ็š„็พๅฏฆใ€‚ใ€Šๅคง

ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ž‘ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์žŠ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†

cultural heritages were destroyed, and the hu-

ๅฎถๅบญ็ณปๅˆ—ใ€‹ไธญ๏ผŒไบบ็‰ฉ่ตฐๅ‡บไบ†ๅƒต็กฌ็š„ๆก†ๆžถ๏ผŒ้กฏๅพ—ๆ›ด

์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. <๋Œ€๊ฐ€์กฑ> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ง๋œ ํ”„

man rights of millions of Chinese intellectuals

ๅŠ ่‡ช็„ถใ€‚่ˆ‡็พๅฏฆไฟๆŒ่ท้›ข็š„็ฐ่‰ฒ่ชฟๅ’Œไบบ็‰ฉ่‡‰ไธŠ

๋ ˆ์ž„์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค. ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ

were violated, the realities of which Zhang has

ๅƒต็กฌๅปๆฒ‰ๅฏ‚็š„่กจๆƒ…๏ผŒๆœ‰่‘—ๅฐ้ŽๅŽป็š„ๆ‡ทๅฟต๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚

๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ์ƒ‰์กฐ์˜ ์ƒ‰๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ณ ์š”ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ

never forgotten. In his <Large Family> series,

ไนŸ่ฎ“ไบบๆ„Ÿ่ฆบๅˆฐ็ฉบ่™›ใ€‚ไฝ†ๆ˜ฏๅณๅด่‡‰้ƒจๆš—็คบ่‘—่ก€็ทฃ

์˜ ํ‘œ์ •์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›€๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ

the subjects look more natural, liberated as they

้—œ็ณป็š„้ฎฎๆ˜Ž็š„ๆ–‘็—•้‚„ๆ˜ฏๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ฎŠใ€‚้€™ๅ€‹ๆ–‘็—•ๆ˜ฏ่ฎ“

๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์ธก ์•ˆ๋ฉด์— ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์›Œ์ง„ ํ˜ˆ์—ฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•”์‹œ

are from that inflexible atmosphere. The gray

ไบบ่ฏๆƒณ่ตทๅŒๆ™‚ไปฃๆ•ธ่ฌ่ฌๅฎถๅบญๆ‰€้ญ้‡็š„ๆ‚ฒๅŠ‡็š„็–ค

ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ์€ ๋ณ€ํ•จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด ์–ผ๋ฃฉ์€ ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ

tone, which gives a feeling of distance from real-

็—•๏ผŒไนŸๆ˜ฏ็คพๆœƒ็š„็ƒ™ๅฐใ€‚้€™ๆญฃๆ˜ฏๅผตๆ›‰ๅ‰›็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅ‰

์‚ด๋‹ค๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๊ฒช์€ ๋น„๊ทน์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ‰ํ„ฐ

ity, and the stiff yet peaceful look of the people

ๅคงไน‹่™•๏ผŒไป–ไธๅƒ…ๆŽŒๆกไบ†ไปฅๅฐ่ฑกไธป็พฉใ€่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป

์ด์ž ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‚™์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์žฅ ์ƒค์˜ค๊ฐ• ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•จ

provoke nostalgia for the past and at the same

็พฉ็ˆฒไปฃ่กจ็š„่ฅฟๆ–น็พไปฃไธป็พฉ็นช็•ซ็š„็ฒพๆน›ๆŠ€ๅทง๏ผŒๅŒ

์€ ์ธ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜, ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ€๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ํ…Œ

time a sense of emptiness. The distinct scar on

ๆ™‚ไนŸๅฐ‡ไธญๅœ‹็š„่‡ชๆˆ‘่ชๅŒๅพž็คพๆœƒๅ’Œๆ–‡ๅŒ–็š„่ง’ๅบฆ็œŸ

ํฌ๋‹‰์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์Šต๋“๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€

the right side of the manโ€™s face is a reminder of

ๅฏฆ่€Œๆ˜Ž็ขบๅœฐ้‡็พๅ‡บไพ†ใ€‚

๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์†์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์ง„์‹ค๋œ ์‹ฌ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ˜„

the tragedy the people experienced as well as

ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

being a form of social branding. The greatness of Zhang XiaoGangโ€™s work lies in the artistโ€™s perfect mastery of Western modernist techniques represented by Impressionism and Surrealism, and in his capacity to communicate Chinaโ€™s identity with sincerity in both a social and cultural context.

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Damien Hirst 1965- , British ้”็ฑณๆฉยท่ตซๆ–ฏ็‰น ๋ฐ๋ฏธ์•ˆ ํ—ˆ์ŠคํŠธ

Lipids:1,3-Dicaprin ่„‚้กž:1,3-ไบŒ่พ›้…ธ็”˜ๆฒน้…ฏ Household gloss on canvas 48.3ร—53.3cm, 19ร—21in 2007 signed on the reverse

HKD 750,000 - 1,100,000 CNY 620,000 - 920,000 USD 97,000 - 145,000 KRW 100,000,000 - 150,000,000

In Damien Hirstโ€™s major painting series <Spot

ๅพž1986ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„ใ€Šๅœ“้ปž็นช็•ซใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ๆ˜ฏ้”็ฑณๅฎ‰

1986๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ฐ๋ฏธ์•ˆ ํ—ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ

Paintings>, which he began in 1986, he employs

โˆ™่ตซๆ–ฏ็‰น็š„ไปฃ่กจๅŠ›ไฝœ๏ผŒๅœจ้€™้ƒจไฝœๅ“่ฃ๏ผŒไป–้€š้Ž็ง‘

<Spot Painting>์€ ํšŒํ™”์— ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ

scientific methods to show various interpreta-

ๅญธ็š„ๆ–นๆณ•๏ผŒๅฐๅ…ถ้‡่ฆ–็š„ไธป้กŒโ€œ็”Ÿ่ˆ‡ๆญปโ€ๅšๅ‡บไบ†ๅ„

๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ โ€œ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œโ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด

tions about his favorite theme โ€œlife and death.โ€

็จฎๅ„ๆจฃ็š„่งฃ้‡‹ใ€‚

์„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

The artist created and developed his works

้ฆ–ๅ…ˆ๏ผŒไฝœ่€…ไปฅโ€œ่—ฅโ€็ˆฒๅช’ไป‹๏ผŒ้€š้Ž่‰ฒๅฝฉ็š„็ต„ๅˆ๏ผŒ

์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” โ€˜์•ฝโ€™์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค

through color combinations using โ€œpillsโ€ as the

ๅ‰ตไฝœไธฆ็™ผๅฑ•ไบ†ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚่—ฅ็š„ๅŒ–ๅญธ็ตๆง‹้žๅธธ่ค‡้›œ๏ผŒ

๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ฒ„์ „์œผ

medium. The <Spot Paintings> series, com-

่€Œ้€™้ƒจ็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“ๅฐ‡่ค‡้›œ็š„ๅŒ–ๅญธ็ตๆง‹ๅšๆˆไบ†ๆœ€็ฐก

๋กœ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด ๋‚ธ <Spot Painting>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋กœ์ง

prised of simplified versions of the complicated

ๅ–ฎ็š„็‰ˆๆœฌ๏ผŒๆŒ‰็…งๅนพไฝ•ๅผ็š„้‚่ผฏ๏ผŒ็”จ็ฐกๅ–ฎ็š„ๅœ–ๆจฃ

์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋„์‹์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ํƒ€์ดํ‹€์„ ์•ฝ

chemical structures of pills, is based on simple

ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บไพ†๏ผŒ่€Œไธ”ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไฝœๅ“็š„ๆจ™้กŒ้ƒฝๆ˜ฏๅ–่‡ช้†ซ

ํ•™์šฉ์–ด ์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ

diagrams that follow geometrical logic. All works

่—ฅ่ฉžๅ…ธใ€‚ๆŒ‰็…งไธ€ๅฎš้–“่ทๆŽ’ๅˆ—็š„ๅœ“้ปž้€š้Ž็ถฒๆ ผๅฎŒ

์ ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์™„

titles are found in the pharmaceutical dictionary.

ๆˆๆœ‰็ตๆง‹ใ€ๆœ‰่ฆๅพ‹็š„ๆŽ’ๅˆ—๏ผŒๅ‰ต้€ ็งฉๅบ๏ผŒ้ๅˆถ่‡ช

์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์œ 

The color spots located at regular intervals com-

ๆˆ‘ใ€‚ๆฏไธ€ๅ€‹้ปžๅœจไฝœๅ“่ฃ้ƒฝๆ˜ฏ็จ็ซ‹ๅญ˜ๅœจ๏ผŒไฝ†ๅŒๆ™‚

ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋˜

plete the structural and regular arrangements,

ๅˆ่ˆ‡ๅ…ถไป–็š„้ปž็›ธๅ‘ผๆ‡‰ใ€‚

ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

creating order and suggesting self-control. Each

้€™ๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ˜ฏใ€Š ๅœ“้ปž็นช็•ซใ€‹ ็ณปๅˆ—ไน‹ๅญ็ณปๅˆ—

์ด๋ฒˆ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์€ <Spot Painting>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ(sub-

dot exists independently in the work, but it also

็š„โ€œ่„‚้กžโ€้€ฃไฝœไน‹ไธ€ใ€‚โ€œ่„‚้กž(Lipids)โ€้€ฃไฝœๆ˜ฏๅพž

series)์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜Lipidsโ€™(์ง€๋ฐฉ์งˆ)์—ฐ์ž‘ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ด

interacts with others.

้”็ฑณๅฎ‰โˆ™่ตซๆ–ฏ็‰นๆฆฎ็ฒ้€็ด็Ž็š„1995ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœ

โ€˜Lipidsโ€™์—ฐ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ๋ฏธ์•ˆ ํ—ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ๋„ˆ ์ƒ(Turner Prize)์„

This work is from the โ€˜Lipidsโ€™ series, under the

็š„๏ผŒ่ฉฒไฝœๅ“่ˆ‡้ก่‰ฒๅ’Œ่‰ฒ่ชฟ้ƒฝ้‡‡็”จไธๅŒ้ก่‰ฒ็š„ใ€Šๅœ“

์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜๋˜ ํ•ด์ธ 1995๋…„์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„์˜

<Spot Paintings> umbrella. The โ€˜Lipidsโ€™ series,

้ปž็นช็•ซใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ๅ…ถไป–้€ฃไฝœไธๅŒ๏ผŒ็ตฑไธ€ไฝฟ็”จไบ†ๅ–ฎไธ€

ํ†ค์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋„๋Š” <Spot Painting>์‹œ

which Hirst started in 1995, the year he won the

้ก่‰ฒใ€‚ใ€Šๅœ“้ปž็นช็•ซใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ๅ…ฑ็”ฑ13ๅ€‹้€ฃไฝœ็ต„ๆˆ๏ผŒๅ…ถ

๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ์ž‘๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Turner Prize, is a monochrome painting, unlike

ไธญโ€œ่„‚้กžโ€ๆ˜ฏๅ”ฏไธ€ไธ€ๅ€‹ไปฅๅ–ฎ่‰ฒๆง‹ๆˆ็š„ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒ้€™

๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. 13๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ์ž‘๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ <Spot Painting> ์‹œ

other colorful sub-series of <Spot Paintings>.

ไธ€้ปžๅฏ่ฌ‚ๆ„็พฉ้‡ๅคงใ€‚

๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์ค‘ ๋‹จ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์˜ค์ง โ€˜Lipidsโ€™์—ฐ์ž‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜

The <Spot Paintings> series consist of 13 sub-

ยฉ Damien Hirst and Science Ltd. All rights reserved, DACS 2014

๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ํฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.

series; โ€˜Lipidsโ€™ is the only monochrome series.

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Jesรบs Rafael Soto 1923-2005, Venezuelan ่€ถ็ฉŒยทๆ‹‰ๆ–็ˆพยท็ดขๆ‰˜ ํ—ค์ˆ˜์Šค ๋ผํŒŒ์—˜ ์†Œํ† 

Untitled ็„ก้กŒ Painted metal elements on wood panel 102ร—102ร—14(d)cm, 40ร—40ร—5.5(d)in

HKD 1,350,000 - 1,850,000 CNY 1,100,000 - 1,550,000 USD 175,000 - 245,000 KRW 180,000,000 - 250,000,000

โ€œNo artist today can ignore space-time. We must find artists, even among those who continue to work within two-dimensional formats, who provoke a new sentiment: that in art there are no longer observers but participants. The artist does not have the final word.โ€ - Jesรบs Rafael Soto

โ€œ็พๅฆ‚ไปŠๆฒ’ๆœ‰ไปปไฝ•่—่ก“ๅฎถๅฏไปฅ็„ก่ฆ–ๆ™‚็ฉบ็š„ๅญ˜ๅœจใ€‚ๆˆ‘ๅ€‘่ฆๅœจ้‚ฃไบ›ไพ็„ถๅพžไบ‹ไบŒ็ถญๅฝข ๅผๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„่—่ก“ๅฎถไธญๆŒ–ๆŽ˜ๅ‡บ่ƒฝๅค ๅˆบๆฟ€ๆ–ฐๆ„Ÿ่ฆบ็š„ไฝœ่€…ใ€‚่—่ก“่ฃไธๅ†ๆœ‰่ง€ๅฏŸ่€…๏ผŒๅช

ยฉ Jesรบs Rafael Soto / ADAGP, Paris - SACK, Seoul, 2014

ๆœ‰ๅƒ่ˆ‡่€…ใ€‚่—่ก“ๅฎถไธฆไธๆ“ๆœ‰ๆœ€็ต‚็š„็™ผ่จ€ๆฌŠใ€‚โ€ - ่€ถ็ฉŒยทๆ‹‰ๆ–็ˆพยท็ดขๆ‰˜

โ€œ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋„ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ์› ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ด์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์—†๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.โ€ - ํ—ค์ˆ˜์Šค ๋ผํŒŒ์—˜ ์†Œํ† 

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installation work in which viewers walk through

้žๅ†็พๅž‹ๆŠฝ่ฑกไฝœๅ“ใ€‚ๅœจ็•ซๆœ‰้ป‘็™ฝ็ทšๆข็š„่ƒŒๆ™ฏๆฟ

์†Œํ† ๋Š” 1950๋…„, 28์„ธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ถ”

numerous long, hanging strings, experiencing

ๅ‰๏ผŒๅฎ‰่ฃๆข็ด‹็‹€ๆˆ–่žบๆ—‹ๅฝข็š„้ต็ตฒ็ตๆง‹็‰ฉ๏ผŒๅพž่€Œ

์ƒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์šด๋™์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ง๋ ˆ๋น„์น˜, ๋ชฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ, ์•„

the spaces they create and the changes that

ๅ‰ตไฝœโ€œๆŒฏๅ‹•้ซ”๏ผˆVibration Series๏ผ‰โ€ใ€‚้€š้Ž้€™็จฎๆ–นๅผ

๋ฅดํ”„, ์นผ๋”, ๋’ค์ƒน ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ถ”์ƒ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„

happen whenever they move. The work gives

ๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒๆ นๆ“š่ง€็œพ็š„่ฆ–่ง’ๆœƒ็™ผ็”ŸไธๅŒ็š„่ฆ–

๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ์ž‘์— ๊ฐ๋ช…๋ฐ›์€ ๊ทธ๋Š” 1951

the viewer a feeling of unity with their body and

่ฆบๆ•ˆๆžœ๏ผŒ็ดขๆ‰˜ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏไปฅ้€™็จฎ่ฆ–่ฆบๆ•ˆๆžœ็ˆฒ็›ฎๆจ™้€ฒ่กŒ

๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค ํšŒํ™” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๋‹จ์œ„

the work as well as with the new reality cre-

ๅ‰ตไฝœใ€‚ๆฌฃ่ณž็ดขๆ‰˜็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ™‚๏ผŒๅณไฝฟๅพฎๅ‹•ไนŸ่ƒฝๆ„Ÿๅ—

๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ฐฉ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์— ๋‘” ๋น„ ์žฌํ˜„์ ์ธ ์ถ”

ated by time, space, and movement. Sotoโ€™s

ๅˆฐ่ฆ–่ฆบๆฒ–ๆ“Šใ€‚้€š้Ž็งปๅ‹•ๆ–นๅผไพ†ๆฌฃ่ณž็•ซไฝœ็š„ๆ–นๅผ

์ƒ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘๋ฐฑ์˜ ์„ ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ• ์•ž์— ์ค„

<le Pรฉnรฉtrable Sonore> adds aural elements

ๅธๅผ•ไบ†็œพๅคšไบบ๏ผŒไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“้€š้Ž่ง€็œพ็š„ๅƒ่ˆ‡๏ผŒ็ช

๋ฌด๋Šฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜• ์™€์ด์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” <์ง„๋™์—ฐ์ž‘

to a visual and tactile work, conveying a sense

็ ดไบ†้›•ๅˆป็š„ๅฑ€้™ๆ€งใ€‚1955ๅนด๏ผŒไป–ๅœจๅทด้ปŽไฝ†ๅฐผๆ–ฏ

Vibration Series> ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๋ฐฉ

of rhythm and movement. In essence, what

ๅˆๅ…ง็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„โ€œle Mouvementโ€ๅฑ•ไธŠ๏ผŒ้ฆ–ๆฌกๅ‘

ํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•ด ์›€์ง์ž„

completes a Soto work is interaction with the

ไธ–ไบบๅฑ•ๅ‡บไบ†ๅ‹•ๆ…‹่—่ก“ใ€‚ๆœๅฐšใ€ๅปทๆ ผๅˆฉใ€่€ƒ็ˆพๅพท

์ด ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์€ ์›€์ง์ž„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—๋„ ์‹œ

viewer. This artist expanded the realm of sculp-

็ญ‰่—่ก“ๅฎถไนŸๅƒๅŠ ไบ†ๅœจ็“ฆ่ŽŽ่ณด่Ž‰็š„ไธปๅฐŽไธ‹่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„

๊ฐ์  ์ง„๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์†Œํ† ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„

ture by inviting the viewer into his works almost

้‚ฃๆฌกไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•ใ€‚้‚ฃๆ˜ฏไธ€ๅ ด่ขซ่ญฝ็ˆฒๅ‹•ๆ…‹่—่ก“้‹ๅ‹•็š„

์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ด€

as a partner, and created a new world of multi-

ๅŠƒๆ™‚ไปฃไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•ใ€‚

๋žŒ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1955

dimensional sculpture by infusing architectural,

ๅˆฐ1960ๅนดไปฃๅพŒๆœŸ๏ผŒไป–่ถŠไพ†่ถŠ็™ก่ฟทๆ–ผ่ง€็œพๅƒๅž‹ๅ‰ต

๋…„์—๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋“œ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ ๋ฅด๋„ค ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ โ€˜์›€์ง์ž„ le

visual, aural, and emotional elements.

ไฝœๆจกๅผใ€‚็ดขๆ‰˜้–‹ๅง‹ไบ†่ง€็œพๅฏไปฅ้€ฒๅ…ฅไฝœๅ“ๅ…ง้ƒจๆฌฃ่ณž

Mouvementโ€™ ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ‚ค๋„คํ‹ฑ ์•„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€

In the early 1980s, Soto began to create small

ไฝœๅ“็š„โ€œๅฏ่ฒซ็ฉฟ็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“๏ผˆle Pรฉnรฉtrable๏ผ‰ใ€‚ไป–ๆŠŠ

๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์ž๋ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ด ์ „์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋’ค์ƒน๊ณผ ํƒฑ

monochrome squares linked with steel wires

็„กๆ•ธๆ น่ผ•่ผ•ๆ–ๆ›ณ็š„็นฉๅญๅพžไธŠ้ขๅž‚ไธ‹ไพ†๏ผŒ่€ŒๅพŒ่ฎ“่ง€

๊ธ€๋ฆฌ, ์นผ๋” ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ‚ค๋„คํ‹ฑ ์•„ํŠธ ์šด๋™์˜ ํš๊ธฐ

Born in Venezuela, sculptor Jesรบs Rafael Soto

and superimposed on large square iron plates

็œพ่ฒซ็ฉฟๆ–ผๅ…ถไธญใ€‚็•ถ่ง€็œพ้€ฒๅ…ฅๆ นๆ“š่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๆ‰‹ๅ‹ข่ˆ‡

์ ์ธ ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

is familiar to Koreans as the artist who created

with thin white vertical lines on a black back-

ๅ‹•ไฝœ็™ผ็”Ÿ่ฎŠๅŒ–็š„็ฉบ้–“ๆ™‚๏ผŒๆœƒๆœ‰ไธ€็จฎ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„่ป€้ซ”

๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ๋”์šฑ

the large Taegeuk (Taiji)-shaped sculpture ti-

ground. He aimed to create a moirรฉ effect by

่ˆ‡ไฝœๅ“่ž็ˆฒไธ€้ซ”ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบ๏ผŒไธฆ่ƒฝๅค ้ซ”้ฉ—ๆ™‚็ฉบ่ˆ‡็งปๅ‹•ๆ‰€

๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์†Œํ† ๋Š” ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ

tled <A Virtual Sphere> for the 1988 Summer

arranging squares in various sizes and colors in

็‡Ÿ้€ ๅ‡บไพ†็š„็ฅž็ง˜ๆ„Ÿใ€‚ๅพŒไพ†๏ผŒ็ดขๆ‰˜ๅœจๅŽŸไพ†็š„่ฆ–่ฆบ่ˆ‡

๋Š” <ํ†ต๊ณผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์—ฐ์ž‘>์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”

Olympics in Seoul. Soto, who is considered in

parallel in front of a screen filled with thin lines

่งธ่ฆบๆ€ง็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๅŸบ็คŽไธŠ๏ผŒๆทปๅŠ ไบ†่ฝ่ฆบ่ฆ็ด ๏ผŒๅพž่€Œๅ‰ต

์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ๋“ค์„ ์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ

international art circles as a pioneer in โ€œmovingโ€

drawn repeatedly. The moirรฉ effect refers to a

้€ ๅ‡บๅ…ทๆœ‰้Ÿณๆจ‚็ฏ€ๅฅ่ˆ‡็ฏ€ๆ‹็š„ๅฏ่ฒซ็ฉฟ็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“(le

์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์กฐ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

painting, attended art school in Caracas where

visual phenomenon that occurs when a set of

Pรฉnรฉtrable sonore)ใ€‚็ธฝ่€Œ่จ€ไน‹๏ผŒไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅญ˜ๅœจ

๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†์ง“๊ณผ ๋ชธ์ง“์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต

he was deeply influenced by French Post Im-

lines or dots are superimposed at regular inter-

ๆ–ผ่ง€็œพ่ˆ‡ไฝœๅ“ไน‹้–“็š„็›ธไบ’่ฏ็ณปไน‹ไธญใ€‚็ดขๆ‰˜้€š้Žๅปบ

๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์™€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ

pressionist painter Cezanne and his polyvision

vals, producing wave-like geometrical patterns

็ฏ‰ใ€่ฆ–่ฆบใ€้Ÿณ้Ÿฟใ€็ฒพ็ฅž็ญ‰ๅคšๅ…ƒ้ ˜ๅŸŸ็š„ๅ’Œ่ซง็›ธ่žไพ†

๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด

painting technique. Early in his career, Cubism

when moved in different directions or when

ๆ“ดๅผต้›•ๅˆป็š„ๅœฐๅนณ็ทš๏ผŒๅพž่€Œๅ‰ตๅปบไบ†ไฝฟ่ง€็œพ่žๅ…ฅๅˆฐไฝœ

ํ›„ ์†Œํ† ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์— ์ฒญ๊ฐ์  ์š”

inspired him to explore geometric shapes and

viewed from different angles. Sotoโ€™s work here

ๅ“ไธญไพ†็š„ๅถ„ๆ–ฐ็š„้€ ๅž‹ไธ–็•Œใ€‚ๅพž1980ๅนดไปฃๅˆๆœŸ้–‹

์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•ด ์Œ์•…์  ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์œจ๋™๊ฐ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” <์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šธ

the various points of view created by an objectโ€™s

is reminiscent of Mondrianโ€™s balanced lines and

ๅง‹๏ผŒ็ดขๆ‰˜ๅ‰ตไฝœไบ†ไธ€็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚ๅณๅœจๅคงๅคง็š„้ป‘่‰ฒ่ƒŒ

๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์—ฐ์ž‘>์ด๋ž€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘

movement.

shapes, and Malevichโ€™s geometrical abstrac-

ๆ™ฏๅŠ ็™ฝ่‰ฒ็ธฑๅ‘็ทšๆข็š„ๅ››ๆ–น้ตๆฟไธŠ๏ผŒ็”จ้ต็ตฒ้€ฃๆŽฅๅพˆ

์—…์€ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์ถ•

In 1950 when Soto was 28 he moved to Paris.

tions. Although the square iron plates in Sotoโ€™s

ๅคšๅ–ฎ่‰ฒๅฐๆ–นๆฟใ€‚็ดขๆ‰˜ๅœจ็•ซๆปฟ็ดฐ็ทš็š„็•ซ้ขไธŠ๏ผŒๅนณ่กŒ

์ , ์‹œ๊ฐ์ , ์Œํ–ฅ์ , ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์„ฑ ์†์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ™•

There he got involved in the abstract art move-

work are two-dimensional, by placing various

ๆ”พ็ฝฎๅคš็จฎ้ก่‰ฒ่ˆ‡ๅคงๅฐ็š„ๅฐๆ–นๆฟ๏ผŒๅพž่€Œ่ฉฆๅœ–ๅ‰ต้€ ๅ‡บ

์žฅ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ด€๊ฐ์„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์กฐํ˜•

ment, and was influenced by several abstract

patterns in front of them he was able to achieve

่Žซ้˜ฟๆ•ˆๆ‡‰๏ผˆmoirรฉ effect๏ผ‰ใ€‚ๆ‰€่ฌ‚่Žซ้˜ฟๆ•ˆๆ‡‰ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ

์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

artists, including K. Malevich, P. Mondrian, H.

a three-dimensional effect and foster an unex-

ๆœ‰ไธ€ๅฎš้–“้š”็š„็ด‹็ตกๅ่ค‡้‡็–Šๆ™‚๏ผŒๆ นๆ“š่ง’ๅบฆๆœ‰ไธ€็จฎ

1980๋…„ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œํ† ๋Š” ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์— ๊ฐ€

Arp, A. Calder, and M. Duchamp, among oth-

pected sense of movement.

ไธŠไธ‹ๅทฆๅณ็งปๅ‹•็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบ๏ผŒๆˆ–ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๆณข็ด‹็‹€็งปๅ‹•้Œฏ่ฆบ

๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ํฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ์„ธ๋กœ์ค„ ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ฒ ํŒ

ers. Especially impressed with Mondrianโ€™s later

Soto created a new world of multi-dimensional

็š„็พ่ฑกใ€‚ๆœฌไฝœๅ“่ฎ“ไบบ่ฏๆƒณๅˆฐ็ทšๆข่ˆ‡ๅœ–ๅฝข้”ๅˆฐไธ€็จฎ

์œ„์— ๋‹จ์ƒ‰์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํŒ์„ ์ฒ ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋„์–ด๋†“๋Š” ์ž‘

period works, Soto in 1951 ventured out from

art by encouraging active viewer interaction with

ๅ‡่กก็š„่’™ๅพท้‡Œๅฎ‰็š„ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒ่€Œไป–ๅฐๅนพไฝ•ๅญธ่ˆ‡ๆŠฝ่ฑก

ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์—์„œ ์†Œํ† ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ์„ ์„ ๋นผ

painting on canvas to explore non-representa-

his work. He is regarded as a master of the ki-

ๆฆ‚ๅฟต็š„็†่งฃๅˆ่ฎ“ไบบ่ฏๆƒณๅˆฐ้ฆฌๅˆ—็ถญๅฅ‡็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚้›–็„ถ

๊ณกํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์‹œ์ผœ ์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ํ™”๋ฉด ์•ž์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ

tional abstract work that utilized optical illusion

netic art genre.

ๅœจไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธญๅ››ๆ–นๆฟๆ˜ฏไธ€็จฎไบŒ็ถญๆ ผๅผ็š„็‰ฉ้ซ”๏ผŒไฝ†

์™€ ์ƒ‰๊น”์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์„ ํ‰ํ–‰๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘์ž๊ฐ€ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค

้€š้Ž็จ็‰น็š„ๆŽ’ๅˆ—ๆ–นๅผ๏ผŒ็ตฆๆ•ดๅ€‹ไฝœๅ“่ณฆไบˆไบ†ไธ‰็ถญๅ› 

units. While working on his <Vibration> series,

ๆ‹‰ๆ–็ˆพยท็ดขๆ‰˜ๆ˜ฏๅง”ๅ…ง็‘žๆ‹‰ๅ‡บ่บซ็š„ๆณ•ๅœ‹้›•ๅˆปๅฎถใ€‚

็ด ๏ผŒๅพž่€Œๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๆ„ๆƒณไธๅˆฐ็š„ๅ‹•ๆ„Ÿใ€‚

๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ชจ์•„๋ ˆ ํ˜„์ƒ(moirรฉ effect)๋ฅผ ์˜๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์•„ ๋ ˆ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด ๊ฒน์ณ์ง€๋ฉด

which consists of a spiral wire structure in front

ๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“็•Œไป–ไนŸ้ —ๆœ‰่ฒๆœ›๏ผŒๆ›พๅœจ1988ๅนดๆผขๅŸŽ

็ดขๆ‰˜ๅŠชๅŠ›้–‹ๅ‰ตๅถ„ๆ–ฐ็š„่—่ก“ไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒไป–็”จ็จฎ็จฎๆ–นๅผ

๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒํ•˜์ขŒ์šฐ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ

of a background painted with black and white

ๅฅง้‹ๆœƒๆœŸ้–“๏ผŒไป–ๅœจๅฅงๆž—ๅŒนๅ…‹้›•ๅˆปๅ…ฌๅœ’่ฃๅ‰ตไฝœไบ†

่ช˜ๅฐŽ่ง€็œพๅƒ่ˆ‡ๅˆฐไฝœๅ“ไธญไพ†๏ผŒๅพž่€Œๅ‰ต้€ ไธ€็จฎ้žๅธธ

๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

lines, Soto reveled in the different visual effects

ๅคชๆฅตๆจกๆจฃ็š„ๅคงๅž‹้€ ๅž‹็‰ฉโ€œ่™›ๆ“ฌ็ƒโ€ใ€‚็ดขๆ‰˜ๅœจๅœ‹้š›

่‡ชๅพ‹็š„่—่ก“็ฉบ้–“๏ผŒๆ‰“้€ ไบ†่ถ…ไนŽๅนณ้ข็š„ๅคš็ถญ่—

์€ ์„ ๊ณผ ๋„ํ˜•์ด ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ชฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ

and the movement that occurred in the work

็พŽ่ก“็•Œ็ขบ็ซ‹ไบ†็จ้ ˜้ขจ้จท็š„ๅœฐไฝใ€‚ไฝœ็ˆฒโ€œๅ‹•ๆ„Ÿโ€

่ก“๏ผŒ่ขซไธ–ไบบ่ญฝ็ˆฒๅ‹•ๆ…‹่—่ก“็š„ๅทจๅŒ ใ€‚

์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ถ”์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ง๋ ˆ

according to the direction and the location of

็•ซ็š„ๅ‰ตๅง‹ไบบ๏ผŒไป–ๅœจๅŠ ๆ‹‰ๅŠ ๆ–ฏ็š„็พŽ่ก“ๅญธๆ กๅญธ็ฟ’

the viewer. This opened up a new artistic realm

ๆ™‚๏ผŒๅฐฑๅฐๆ›พ็ถ“ๅ˜—่ฉฆ็ซ‹้ซ”ๆดพ่ˆ‡ๅคš่ฆ–่ง’่ง€้ปž็•ซ้ขจ็š„

as it made the viewer an active participant in the

ๆณ•ๅœ‹ๅพŒๅฐ่ฑกๆดพ็•ซๅฎถไฟ็พ…ยทๅกžๅฐšๆทฑๆ„Ÿ่ˆˆ่ถฃใ€‚ๅฐ็ดข

๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ—ค์ˆ˜์Šค ๋ผํŒŒ์—˜ ์†Œํ† 

์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— 3์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์šด

work, with their movements deciding the visual

ๆ‰˜่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ็ซ‹้ซ”็•ซๆดพๅ‹พ่ตทไบ†ไป–่ฆๅฐๅœ–ๅฝข้€ฒ่กŒๆŽข็ดข

๋Š” 1988๋…„ ์„œ์šธ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๋‹น์‹œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ณต์›์— ํƒœ๊ทน๋ชจ

๋™๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

vibrations the work would subsume. Soto was

็š„ๆฌฒๆœ›๏ผŒ้€š้Ž็‰ฉ้ซ”็š„็งปๅ‹•่€Œ็ฒๅพ—็š„ๅคš็จฎ่ฆ–่ฆบๆ•ˆ

์–‘์˜ <๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ>๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์กฐํ˜•๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ˆ 

๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ 

the first to introduce kinetic art at the โ€œle Mouve-

ๆžœ็ตฆไบ†็ดขๆ‰˜ๆœ€ๅˆ็š„้ˆๆ„Ÿใ€‚

๊ณ„์—๋„ ๋‚ฏ์ต์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์œ„

์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์†Œํ† ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€, ์ž์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ

mentโ€ exhibition held at the Galerie Denise Rene in 1955. Led by V. Vasarely, the show featured by M. Duchamp, J. Tinguely, and A. Calder and is widely considered the groundbreaking exhibition of kinetic art. Sotoโ€™s interest in participatory art grew deeper in the late 1960s. His work <le Pรฉnรฉtrable> is an

1950ๅนด๏ผŒ28ๆญฒ็š„็ดขๆ‰˜็งปๆฐ‘ๅˆฐๅทด้ปŽ๏ผŒไป–้–‹ๅง‹้—œ

์ƒ์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•œ ์†Œํ† ๋Š” โ€˜์›€์ง์ด๋Š”โ€™ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž๋กœ ์นด๋ผ์นด

ํ‰๋ฉด์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‚ค๋„ค

ๆณจๆŠฝ่ฑก่—่ก“้‹ๅ‹•๏ผŒไธฆๅ—ๅˆฐไบ†้ฆฌๅˆ—็ถญๅฅ‡ใ€่’™ๅพท้‡Œ

์Šค์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๋‹น์‹œ ์ž…์ฒดํŒŒ(Cubism)์™€ ๋‹ค์‹œ

ํ‹ฑ ์•„ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

ๅฎ‰ใ€้˜ฟ็ˆพๆ™ฎใ€่€ƒ็ˆพๅพทใ€ๆœๅฐš็ญ‰ๅคšไฝๆŠฝ่ฑก่—่ก“ๅฎถ

๊ฐ๊ด€์ (Polyvision)์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ์ธ์ƒ

ๅ€‘็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚ๅฐคๅ…ถๆ˜ฏ่’™ๅพท้‡Œๅฎ‰็š„ๅพŒๆœŸไฝœๅ“็ตฆไบ†ไป–

ํŒŒ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ž”์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํ† ์—๊ฒŒ ํ

้žๅธธๆทฑๅˆป็š„ๅฐ่ฑก๏ผŒๆ–ผๆ˜ฏๅพž1951ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ไป–ๆ”พๆฃ„ไบ†

๋น„์ฆ˜์€ ๋„ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ์›€

ๅœจ็•ซๅธƒไธŠ้€ฒ่กŒ็นช็•ซ็š„ๅ‚ณ็ตฑๅ‰ตไฝœๆ–นๅผ๏ผŒๅฐˆๆณจๆ–ผ้‡

์ง์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์€ ์†Œํ† ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์˜

่ค‡็•ซ็›ธๅŒ็š„ๅนพไฝ•ๅœ–ๅฝข่€Œ็ตฆไบบๅ€‘ไธ€็จฎ่ค‡่ฆ–ๆ•ˆๆžœ็š„

๊ฐ์›์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

through the repetition of identical geometrical

130

๋น„์น˜์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ์ฒ ํŒ์€ 2์ฐจ์›์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์•ž์— ๋„ํ˜•๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ

131


63

Bernar Venet

1941- , French

่ด็บณยท็ปดๅฐผ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋‚˜๋ฅด ๋ธŒ๋„ค

Indeterminate Lines No. 1094 ไธ็ขบๅฎš็š„็ทš็ฌฌ1094่™Ÿ Rolled steel 36ร—45ร—45(h)cm, 14ร—17.7ร—17.7(h)in circa 1984 Inscribed on the bottom โ€˜Venet 1094โ€™

HKD 375,000 - 550,000 CNY 310,000 - 450,000 USD 49,000 - 70,000 KRW 50,000,000 - 70,000,000 LITERATURE Total Museum of Contemporary Art, Bernar Venet, 1994

ยฉ Bernar Venet / ADAGP, Paris - SACK, Seoul, 2014

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No.1194 Rolled Steel, 36ร—39ร—30cm, 1984

No.0994 Rolled Steel, 32ร—38ร—37cm, 1984

No.0592 Rolled Steel, 30ร—34ร—43cm, 1984

No.1094 Rolled Steel, 36ร—45ร—45cm, 1984

133


A globally renowned French conceptual artist,

ๅœ–ๅฝขไปฅๅŠ็‰ฉ็†็†่ซ–ไพ†่กจ็พ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๆƒณๆณ•ใ€‚

๋ณธ ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ  ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํ†ต์ 

Bernar Venet is a major player in modern art, ac-

่ฒ็ดๅพž1960ๅนดไปฃ้–‹ๅง‹ๅฐฑๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๆฟ€้€ฒ็š„่—่ก“ๅ’Œ

๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋„ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์šฐ

tively producing works in various media, such as

็พŽๅญธๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒไป–ๅฐ็พๆœ‰็š„่—่ก“ๆ„ŸๅˆฐๅŽญๅ€ฆ๏ผŒ่ขซ็พŽ

์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ์กฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ, ์–ด๋–ค ์›์น™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋„

sculpture, performance, photography, film, and

ๅœ‹ๅฝขๅผไธป็พฉ็พŽ่ก“ๅ’Œ้ฆฌๅกž็ˆพยทๆœๅฐš็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ‰€ๆทฑๆทฑ

์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œํžˆ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐํ˜•์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ

music, among others. According to Venet, con-

ๅ‚พๅ€’ใ€‚ไป–ๅผท่ชฟ็พŽ่ก“็š„็›ฎ็š„ไธๅœจๆ–ผ็พŽ๏ผŒ่€Œๅœจๆ–ผ็Ÿฅ

๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

ceptual art should invite viewers to immerse in

่ญ˜ใ€‚ๆ–ผๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒไป–้–‹ๅง‹ๆ€่€ƒไป€้บผๆ˜ฏไฝœ่€…ๅŠไฝœๅ“็š„ๆœฌ

์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ด์ž ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ์ด ๋น„

the artistsโ€™ ideas and thoughts and experience

่ณช๏ผŒ้€ฒ่€Œ่ฟฝๆฑ‚้ก›่ฆ†ๆ™ฎ้ๅธธ่ญ˜ใ€ๆ‰“็ ดๅ‚ณ็ตฑๆก†ๆžถ็š„

๊ฒฐ์ •์  ์„ ์€ ๋ธŒ๋„ค ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด

them for themselves. Aiming to transcend artโ€™s

ๆ–ฐ็š„่—่ก“ๅ‰ตไฝœใ€‚ๆƒณ่ฆ็œ‹ๆ‡‚่ฒ็ด็š„ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒๅฟ…้ ˆๅ…ˆ

๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž, ์ปดํผ์Šค, ๊ฐ๋„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚ธ '๋ฌธ๋ช…

limits, Venet expresses his ideas through theo-

ไบ†่งฃๅ–ฎ็พฉๆ€ง็š„ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ€‚ๅ–ฎ็พฉๆ€งๆŒ‡็š„ๆ˜ฏไธไป‹ๅ…ฅไธป่ง€

ํ™”๋œ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ' ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•ผ์„ฑ์ 

ries in mathematics, geometry, and physics.

็š„่งฃ้‡‹๏ผŒไธ€ๅ€‹ๅฝข่ฑกๅช่กจ้”ไธ€ๅ€‹ๅฎข่ง€ไบ‹ๅฏฆใ€‚

์ธ ์„ ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜๋„๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ

Venet began his engagement in radical art and

ๅฐคๅ…ถ้€™ๆฌก็š„ๅƒๆ‹ไฝœๅ“ๆ˜ฏ1983ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„้€ ๅž‹

์šฉ์ ‘์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฐ์ถœ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์••๋ ฅ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜

aesthetical creation in the 1960s, and later be-

ไฝœๅ“ใ€Šไธ็ขบๅฎš็š„็ทšใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—็š„(ๆˆ็ˆฒๅŸบ็คŽ็š„)ๅˆๆœŸๅ‰ต

๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ

came captivated by formalist art and Marcel

ไฝœ๏ผŒๆ˜ฏๅˆฉ็”จ้ต้›•ไพ†ๆŒ‘ๆˆฐๅ‚ณ็ตฑ่ฆ็ฏ„็š„่ฒ็ด็š„ไปฃ่กจ

์ •์—์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ

Duchamp. He regarded the purpose of art as

ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚่ฉฒไฝœๅ“ไฝœ็ˆฒๅถ็„ถ่ˆ‡็™ผ็พ็›ธ็ตๅˆ็š„็”ข็‰ฉ๏ผŒ

๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ธŒ๋„ค๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐํ˜•์ , ๊ฐœ๋…์ 

โ€œknowledgeโ€ not โ€œbeauty,โ€ and began to explore

ๅฑ•็พไบ†ๆฒ’ๆœ‰ไปปไฝ•ๅŽŸๅ‰‡ๆˆ–็•Œ้™ใ€็„ก้™ๆ“ดๅผตๅ’Œ้–‹ๆ”พ

๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์ € ์—†์ด ํœ˜๊ฐˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋“ฏ

the identity of artists and their works, denying

็š„้€ ๅž‹่—่ก“ไธ–็•Œใ€‚

ํ•œ ์ด ์กฐํ˜•์ž‘์—…์€ ์ƒ๋™๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ

universal common sense completely and pur-

ไธ็ขบๅฎš็š„็ทšๆ—ขๆ˜ฏไฝœๅ“็š„้กŒ็›ฎ๏ผŒๅˆๆ˜ฏๆฆ‚ๅฟต่ก“่ชž๏ผŒๆ˜ฏ

๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์†์—์„œ ์—ฐ์žฅ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ์šด์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋Š”

suing something new away from convention.

่ฒ็ด็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœไธญๆœ€้‡่ฆ็š„ไธ€ๅ€‹้—œ้ต่ฉžใ€‚ๅฎƒไธๆ˜ฏๅฐบใ€

์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค.

In appreciating Venetโ€™s work, it is important to

ๅœ“่ฆใ€้‡่ง’ๅ™จ็ญ‰ๅทฅๅ…ทๆ‰€็”Ÿๆˆ็š„โ€œๆ–‡ๆ˜ŽๅŒ–็š„็ฌฆ่™Ÿโ€๏ผŒ

๋ธŒ๋„ค์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋•Œ๋ก  ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ฒด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”

understand the concept โ€œsingle-meaning prin-

่€Œๆ˜ฏ่‡ช็„ถ็™ผ็”Ÿ็š„ใ€ไธๅ—ๆŽงๅˆถ็š„ใ€ๅ……ๆปฟ้‡Žๆ€ง็š„็ทš

์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๋งˆ์ € ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

ciple,โ€ which refers to the idea that the artist

ๆขใ€‚็ทš็š„ๅฝขๆ…‹่ฃ้›–็„ถๆœ‰่‘—ไฝœ่€…็š„ๆ„ๅœ–๏ผŒไฝ†ๅปไธฆไธ

๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฉฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋Š”

should present an image to convey only one

ๆ˜ฏๅˆฉ็”จ็„ŠๆŽฅ็š„ๆ–นๅผไพ†ๅšๅ‡บ็š„ๅฝขๆ…‹๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏ้‹ผ้ตๆœฌ่บซ

์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›€๊ณผ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ,

objective fact without his or her subjective in-

ๅœจๆŠตๆŠ—ๅฃ“ๅŠ›ๆ™‚ๅฝŽๆ›ฒ็š„่‡ช็„ถๅฝขๆ…‹ใ€‚ๅœจ้€™ๅ€‹้Ž็จ‹ไธญ๏ผŒ

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ํƒ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋„ค

terpretation.

ๅฏไปฅ็œ‹ๅˆฐไฝœๅ“่„ซ้›ขไฝœ่€…ๆŽงๅˆถ็š„ไธ็ขบๅฎšๅ› ็ด ๏ผŒ่€Œ่ฒ

๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ท€๊ฐ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ์•ž

This is an early work of his sculpture series <In-

็ดๆญฃๆ˜ฏ่ฉฆๅœ–ไปฅๆญคไพ†่ถ…่ถŠ้€ ๅž‹ๅ’Œๆฆ‚ๅฟต็š„็•Œ้™ใ€‚ๅ› 

์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค.

determinate Lines>, which he began in 1983. It

ๆญค๏ผŒ้€™ไปถ็œ‹่ตทไพ†ๅƒๆ˜ฏ้šจๅฟƒๆ‰€ๆฌฒใ€่ƒกไบ‚ๆฎ็‘็š„้€ ๅž‹

is considered one of Venetโ€™s representative steel

ไฝœๅ“ๅ…ทๆœ‰ๅผท็ƒˆ็š„็”Ÿๅ‹•ๆ„Ÿๅ’Œๆฒ‰้‡ๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚ๅˆ่ฎ“ไบบ่ฆบ

works, reflecting the artistโ€™s desire to challenge

ๅพ—ไปฟไฝ›่ƒฝๅค ๅœจ็„ก้™็š„็ฉบ้–“่ฃไธๆ–ทๅปถ้•ท๏ผŒๆทฑๆทฑๅœฐๅธ

traditional norms.

ๅผ•่ง€่ณž่€…็š„็›ฎๅ…‰ใ€‚

<The Indeterminate Lines>, which serves as the

่ฒ็ด็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆœ‰ๆ™‚่ฆบๅพ—ๅƒๆ˜ฏไธ€ๅ€‹ไบบๆ ผไธป้ซ”๏ผŒ้€™ไนŸ

title of the work and the underlying concept, is

่จฑ่ˆ‡ไป–ๆŽ’้™คๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไธป่ง€ๅ› ็ด ๏ผŒ็”š่‡ณ้€ฃ่‡ชๅทฑไนŸ่ˆ‡ไฝœ

the most important concept in Venetโ€™s work. It

ๅ“ไฟๆŒไธ€ๅฎš่ท้›ข๏ผŒๅฐไฝœๅ“็š„ๅญ˜ๅœจๆœฌ่บซ่ณฆไบˆๆ‰€ๆœ‰

is a natural, uncontrollable, wild and wooly line,

ๆ„็พฉ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๆ–นๅผๆœ‰้—œใ€‚ไธ€็›ดไปฅไพ†๏ผŒ่ฒ็ด็ธฝๆ˜ฏ้€š

not a โ€œcivilized symbolโ€ created with tools like

้ŽๆŽจ้™ณๅ‡บๆ–ฐๅ’Œ็จๅ‰ตๆ€งไปฅๅŠไธๆ–ท็š„ๆŽข็ดขไพ†ๆ›ธๅฏซๆ–ฐ

rulers, compasses, and protractors. The shape

็š„ๆญทๅฒ ๏ผŒไป–็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœๆˆ็ˆฒไป–ไบบๅ€Ÿ้‘’็š„่กจ็Ž‡๏ผŒๆœชไพ†

of the line is intended by the artist, but the curve

็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœไนŸๅๅˆ†ไปคไบบๆœŸๅพ…ใ€‚

is not created by artificial means like welding but by the weight of the steel that resists the artistโ€™s control. Venet aimed to blur the rigid line

ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋‚˜๋ฅด ๋ธŒ๋„ค๋Š” ์กฐ

between sculpture and concept through freeing

๊ฐ, ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค, ์‚ฌ์ง„, ์˜ํ™”, ์Œ์•… ๋“ฑ ๋งค์ฒด์™€ ์žฅ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“ค

indeterminate elements from the artistโ€™s ma-

๋ฉฐ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ํ™œ๋™์„ ํŽผ์น˜๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ฃผ์ž์ด๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋„ค์—

nipulation. This sculpture, which looks like steel

๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋…๋ฏธ์ˆ ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ

curves randomly twisted and bent, conveys a

ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด

sense of vitality and weight and the impression

ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ธŒ๋„ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™, ๋„ํ˜•, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ

that the coil will continue indefinitely into space.

๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Venetโ€™s work often resembles human beings,

1960๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฏธํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์ž‘์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€

perhaps because the artist often distances him-

์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ์‹ซ์ฆ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ˜•์‹์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฏธ

self from his work to emphasize existence itself

์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ฅด์…€ ๋’ค์ƒน์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„

without adding any subjective elements. Venet

โ€˜๋ฏธ(็พŽ)๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒโ€™์ด๋ผ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

is an artist known for his innovative work style

์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์ƒ์‹์„ ์™„

and inquisitive mind.

์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์˜ ํ‹€์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›€์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋„ค์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” '๋‹จ์˜์„ฑ'์ด๋ž€ ๊ฐœ ๋…์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ๋‹จ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ํ•ด์„์ด ๊ฐœ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 

134

ๆณ•ๅœ‹้›•ๅก‘ๅฎถ่ฒ็ดยท็ถญๅฐผๆ˜ฏไธ–็•Œ่‘—ๅ็š„ๆฆ‚ๅฟต็พŽ่ก“

ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋งŒ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š”

ๅฎถ๏ผŒๅ‰ตไฝœๆดปๅ‹•ๆถ‰ๅŠ้›•ๅˆปใ€่กŒ็ˆฒ่—่ก“ใ€ๆ”ๅฝฑใ€้›ป

ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค.

ๅฝฑใ€้Ÿณๆจ‚็ญ‰ๅ„็จฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸ๏ผŒๅ ช็จฑๆ˜ฏ็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“็š„ไปฃ่กจ

ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์€ 1983๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐํ˜•์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ

ๆ€งไบบ็‰ฉใ€‚ๅฐ่ฒ็ด่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆฆ‚ๅฟต็พŽ่ก“ๆ˜ฏ้€š้Žๆ•ธๅญธใ€

ํ‚จ <๋น„๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์„  Indeterminate Lines> ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ 135


64

Bill Thompson 1957- , American ๆฏ”็ˆพยทๆนฏๆ™ฎๆฃฎ ๋นŒ ํƒ์Šจ

Falcon ็ต้ทน Acrylic urethane on panel 50.8ร—50.8cm, 20ร—20in signed on the reverse

Pop ๆณขๆ™ฎ Acrylic urethane on panel 50.8ร—50.8cm, 20ร—20in signed on the reverse

HKD 115,000 - 200,000 CNY 93,000 - 160,000 USD 15,000 - 25,000 KRW 15,000,000 - 25,000,000

Bill Thompson, an American painter, creates dy-

ๆฏ”็ˆพยทๆนฏๆ™ฎๆฃฎไธป่ฆไปฅ็พŽๅœ‹็ˆฒ่ˆžๅฐ้–‹ๅฑ•ๅ‰ตไฝœๆดปๅ‹•๏ผŒ

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นŒ ํƒ์Šจ์€ ํ‰๋ฉด ํšŒํ™”์—

namic works of art by producing curves on flat

ไป–็š„็‰น้ปžๆ˜ฏๅœจๅนณ้ข็นช็•ซไธŠๅŠ ๅ…ฅๅฝŽๆ›ฒไผผ็š„ๅผงๅบฆ๏ผŒ

๊ตฝ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ตด๊ณก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์šด๋™๊ฐ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ณด

canvas. His works turn their surroundings into

็ˆฒไฝœๅ“่ณฆไบˆๅ……ๆปฟๅ‹•ๆ„Ÿ็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบใ€‚ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธๆ˜ฏๅ–ฎ็ด”

์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„

a vibrant and organic whole, rather than sim-

ๅœฐๆŽ›ๅœจ็‰†ๅฃไธŠ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏ่ƒฝๅค ๅธๆ”ถๅ‘จๅœ็ฉบ้–“๏ผŒ็‡Ÿ้€ ๅ‡บ

์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ƒ๋™๊ฐ์ด

ply occupying a space on the wall. Thompson

ๆœ‰ๆฉŸ้ซ”็š„ๆฐ›ๅœ๏ผŒไฝฟไฝœๅ“ๆ›ดๅŠ ๆ ฉๆ ฉๅฆ‚็”Ÿ๏ผŒๅ…ทๆœ‰็”Ÿๅ‹•

๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ‰๋ฉดํšŒํ™”์— ์กฐํ˜•์  ์š”์†Œ

added sculptural elements to an ordinary flat

ๆ„Ÿใ€‚ไป–ๅœจไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ๅนณ้ข็นช็•ซไธŠๅŠ ๅ…ฅไบ†้€ ๅž‹ๅ…ƒ็ด ๏ผŒ่ฉฆ

๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฏธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ๋…ธํฌ๋กฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ

painting to create a new form of monochrome

ๅœ–ๅ‰ต้€ ๅ‡บๆ–ฐๅฝขๆ…‹็š„ๅ–ฎ่‰ฒ็•ซใ€‚ไธ้Žไป–่ช็ˆฒ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ไฝœ

ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค

art. However, he treats his work as a different

ๅ“ไธๆ˜ฏ้›•ๅก‘๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏไธ€็จฎๆ–ฐ็š„็นช็•ซๆ–นๅผใ€‚ไป–ๅ …ๆŒ็นช

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํŽ˜์ธํŒ…์ž„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ํŽ˜์ธํŒ… ์ž‘

style of painting rather than sculpture. He has

็•ซๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒไธฆๅพžไธญๆŽข็ดขๅ‡บๅฏŒๆœ‰็จๅ‰ตๆ€ง็š„ใ€ๅถ„ๆ–ฐ็š„ๅฝข

์—…์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ

continuously worked on his painting in an ef-

ๆ…‹๏ผŒๅœจ้€™ๅ€‹้Ž็จ‹ไธญ๏ผŒๆฏ”็ˆพยทๆนฏๆ™ฎๆฃฎไธๆ–ทๅœฐ้€ฒๅŒ–๏ผŒ

๋ ฅํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ • ์†์—์„œ ๋นŒ ํƒ์Šจ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ 

fort to create unique and innovative works, and

ๆœ€็ต‚ๆ‰พๅˆฐไบ†ๅฑฌๆ–ผ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ้“่ทฏใ€‚ๅ› ๆญค๏ผŒไป–ๆ›ดๅธŒ

์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„

in doing so, he has been able to develop his

ๆœ›่ง€็œพๅ€‘ๅฐ‡ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“่ฆ–็ˆฒ็นช็•ซ็š„ไธ€ๅ€‹็จฎ้กž๏ผŒ่€Œไธ

ํŽ˜์ธํŒ…๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํŽ˜์ธ

techniques further and find his own style. Bill

ๆ˜ฏ็นช็•ซๅ’Œ้›•ๅˆป็š„ไธญ้–“้šŽๆฎตใ€‚

ํŒ…์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.

Thompson hopes that viewers see his work not

ๅ……ๆปฟ็ซ‹้ซ”ๆ„Ÿ็š„่ƒŒๆ™ฏๅ’Œ้ฎฎๆ˜Ž็š„ๅ…‰็ทšไบค็น”่€Œๆˆ็š„ๅฑค

์ž…์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•๊ณผ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋น›์ด ์—ฎ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฐ์€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด

as a fusion of painting and sculpture but only as

ๆฌกๆ„Ÿ้šจ่‘—ไธๅŒ็š„่ง€็œ‹่ฆ–่ง’ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๅฝขๆ…‹ๅ’Œ้ก่‰ฒ็š„

๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋•Œ

a type of painting.

ๅพฎๅฆ™ๅทฎ็•ฐ๏ผŒๆ‰€ไปฅ่ง€็œพ็ซ™ๅœจๆฏ”็ˆพยทๆนฏๆ™ฎๆฃฎ็š„ไฝœๅ“

๋ฌธ์— ๋นŒ ํƒ์Šจ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์•ž์— ์„  ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ์ƒ์€ '๋ณธ๋‹ค'๋ผ

Bill Thompsonโ€™s paintings possesses a sense of

ๅ‰๏ผŒๆฌฃ่ณž้€™ไธ€่กŒ็ˆฒไธๅ†ๆ˜ฏๅ–ฎ็ด”็š„โ€œ็œ‹โ€๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏๅฎ‰

๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ '๋น ์ ธ๋“ ๋‹ค'๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค.

rhythm created by the vivid colors and three-dimen-

ๅ…จ็š„โ€œ้™ทๅ…ฅโ€ใ€‚

sional forms, whose shape and color look different depending on the viewersโ€™ points of view. Standing in front of one of Bill Thompsonโ€™s works, one does not โ€œseeโ€ it visually, but is absorbed into it.

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Andy Warhol 1928-1987, American ๅฎ‰่ฟชยทๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพ ์•ค๋”” ์›Œํ™€

Dollar Sign ็พŽๅ…ƒ็ฌฆ่™Ÿ Synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen ink on canvas 50ร—40cm, 19.7ร—15.8in 1981 stamped on the reverse

HKD 4,500,000 - 5,500,000 CNY 3,700,000 - 4,500,000 USD 590,000 - 700,000 KRW 600,000,000 - 700,000,000

EXHIBITED Gagosian Gallery, Andy Warhol:$, November, 1997 Beverly Hills, USA

The father of American pop art, Andy Warhol is

ๅฎ‰่ฟชยทๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพๆ˜ฏ็พŽๅœ‹ๆณขๆ™ฎ่—่ก“็š„้ ˜่ปไบบ็‰ฉ๏ผŒ่ขซ่ญฝ

์•ค๋”” ์›Œํ™€์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŒ ์•„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ˆ ์ค‘์ถ”์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ 20

considered one of the most influential artists of

็ˆฒๆ˜ฏ็พŽๅœ‹ไบŒๅไธ–็ด€ๆœ€ๅ…ทๅฝฑ้ŸฟๅŠ›็š„็พŽ่ก“ๅฎถใ€‚ไป–ๅˆฉ็”จ

์„ธ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ์†๊ผฝํžŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์Šค๋ฏธ๋””

the 20th century. He both lauded and criticized

ๅฐ‡ๅคง็œพๅช’้ซ”็š„ๅช’ไป‹ๆ‹“ๅฐไธฆๆ”พๅคงๅˆฐ็•ซๅธƒไธŠ็š„ๆ‰‹ๆณ•๏ผŒ

์–ด์˜ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹คํฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์— ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์‚ฌํ•˜

modern mass consumption culture throughout

ๅŒๆ™‚่ดŠ็พŽๅ’Œๆ‰นๅˆคไบ†็พไปฃ็คพๆœƒ็š„ๅคง้‡ๆถˆ่ฒปๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใ€‚ๆฒƒ

๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—

his vast body of work. Warhol employed a silk

้œ็ˆพๅพž1960ๅนดไปฃๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœ1็พŽๅ…ƒ่ฒจๅนฃไฝœๅ“๏ผŒๅˆฐ

๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์›Œํ™€์€ 1960๋…„ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ™”

screen printmaking process to create many of

1981ๅนดๅฎŒๆˆไบ†็พŽๅ…ƒ็ฌฆ่™Ÿ็š„็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚็พŽๅ…ƒไปฃ่กจ

ํ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค์˜ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 1981๋…„์—๋Š” <๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ธ> ์—ฐ์ž‘์„ ์™„์„ฑ

his paintings. He began to paint the one-dollar

็š„ไธๅƒ…ๅƒ…ๆ˜ฏๅฆ‚ไปŠ็พŽๅœ‹็š„่ฒจๅนฃ๏ผŒๆ›ดๆ˜ฏไปฃ่กจไบ†่ณ‡ๆœฌๅฐฑ

ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ™”ํ๋กœ์„œ๋งŒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

bill in early 1960, and completed his dollar sign

ๆ˜ฏไธ€ๅˆ‡็š„็พไปฃ็คพๆœƒไปฅๅŠ็พไปฃ็š„ๆถˆ่ฒปๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใ€‚

์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ธ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ, ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์†Œ

series in 1981. To Warhol, the dollar was not

้€™ๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€Š็พŽๅ…ƒ็ฌฆ่™Ÿใ€‹ๆ˜ฏ่ฑกๅพ็พไปฃ่ณ‡ๆœฌไธป

๋น„ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

only a symbol of U.S. currency, but the embodi-

็พฉๅ’Œๆถˆ่ฒป็š„็ฌฆ่™Ÿ๏ผŒ็ถ“้Žๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพ่ฏ้บ—่€ŒๅฌŒ่ฑ”็š„ๆทบ

์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘ <๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ธ>์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜

ment of modern capitalistic society and its con-

่‰ฒ่ชฟๆ็นชๅพŒ๏ผŒ้กฏๅพ—ๆ›ดๅŠ ๅฆ‚ๅคขไผผๅนปใ€‚ๅฐคๅ…ถๆ˜ฏ่ƒŒๆ™ฏ

๋Š” ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋กœ์„œ, ์›Œํ™€์˜ ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”์‚ฌํ•œ ํŒŒ์Šคํ…”ํ†ค ๋ถ“์งˆ ์œ„

sumption culture.

ๅก—ไธŠไบ†ๅ„็จฎ้ก่‰ฒ๏ผŒ้€™่ˆ‡ๅŽŸ่‰ฒ่ƒŒๆ™ฏไธŠๆœ‰็พŽๅ…ƒ็ฌฆ่™Ÿ

์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํ™˜๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•

In <Dollar Sign>, Warhol painted the symbol of

็š„ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„็พŽๅ…ƒไฝœๅ“ๅฝขๆˆ้ฎฎๆ˜Ž็š„ๅฐๆฏ”ใ€‚

์— ์น ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

modern capitalism and consumption in brilliant

้‡‘ๅฏถๆนฏๅ’Œ็พŽๅ…ƒ็ฌฆ่™Ÿๆ˜ฏๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพไฝฟ็”จ็š„ๆœ€ๅผท็ƒˆใ€ๆœ€

์ด ์›์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ”ํƒ• ์œ„์— ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ธ์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Œ€

and colorful pastel tones, making it look almost

ๆœ‰่™ŸๅฌๅŠ›็š„็ด ๆ๏ผŒไป–้€š้Ž้€™ไบ›็ด ๆไพ†ๅๅ•่—่ก“

์กฐ์ ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

hallucinatory. The colorful background of this

ๆœฌ่บซ็š„ๅƒนๅ€ผๆ˜ฏไป€้บผ๏ผŒๅ‘Š่จดไบบๅ€‘ๅˆฐๅบ•ไป€้บผๅฏไปฅๆˆ

์บ ๋ฒจ ์ˆ˜ํ”„์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ์›Œํ™€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ ฅ

work is distinct, as most of Warholโ€™s dollar sign

็ˆฒ็œŸๆญฃ็š„่—่ก“ใ€‚

์ง™์€ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋˜๋ฌป๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ

pieces have monochromatic backgrounds.

ยฉ The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. / SACK, Seoul, 2014

์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

The Campbell soup cans and the dollar sign are Warholโ€™s most powerful and appealing themes. They prompt us to question what the true value of art is and what we mean by โ€œart.โ€

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Tom Wesselmann 1931-2004, American ๆนฏๅง†ยท้Ÿ‹ๅกž็ˆพๆ›ผ ํƒ ์›จ์Šฌ๋งŒ

Face and Goldfish ่‡‰ๅ’Œ้‡‘้ญš Oil on canvas 114ร—138cm, 44.8ร—54in 1997 signed on the upper left

HKD 3,000,000 - 4,500,000 CNY 2,500,000 - 3,750,000 USD 400,000 - 600,000 KRW 400,000,000 - 600,000,000

PROVENANCE Buschlen Mowatt Galleries, Vancouver, Canada (acquired from the artist in 2003) Private Collection, Korea EXHIBITED James Mayor Gallery, Tom Wesselmann, Six Canvases on a Theme, September - October 1998, London

Tom Wesselmann is one of leading pop

้Ÿ‹ๅกž็ˆพๆ›ผ่ทŸๅฎ‰่ฟช๏น’ๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพใ€็พ…ไผŠโˆ™่ฃๅฅ‡็‰นๆ–ฏๅฆใ€

ํƒ ์›จ์Šฌ๋งŒ์€ ์•ค๋”” ์›Œํ™€, ๋กœ์ด ๋ฆฌํžˆํ…์Šˆํƒ€์ธ, ์ง ๋‹ค์ธ ๋“ฑ

artists in the U.S. along with Andy Warhol,

ๅ‰ๅง†๏น’ๆˆดๆฉ็ญ‰ไบบไธ€ๆจฃๆ˜ฏ็พŽๅœ‹ๆ–ฐ็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉ็š„ไปฃ่กจ

๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŒ ์•„ํŠธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„

Roy Lichtenstein and Jim Dine. Wessel-

ๆ€งไฝœ่€…ไน‹ไธ€ใ€‚้Ÿ‹ๅกž็ˆพๆ›ผไปฅ้œ็‰ฉใ€่ฃธ้ซ”ใ€้ขจๆ™ฏ็ญ‰

์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค. ์›จ์Šฌ๋งŒ์€ ์ •๋ฌผ, ๋ˆ„๋“œ, ํ’๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋Œ€

mann paints traditional nude, still life, land-

ๅ‚ณ็ตฑไธป้กŒ็‚บ็ด ๆ๏ผŒไธฆๆŽก็”จๅ‰ตๆ–ฐ็š„่กจ็พๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚ๅพž

์ƒ์„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋˜, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ

60ๅนดไปฃ้–‹ๅง‹๏ผŒไป–้–‹ๅง‹็™ผๅฑ•ๅ‡บ่‡ชๅทฑ็จๆœ‰็š„้ขจๆ ผ๏ผŒ

ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 60๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฌผ

่กจ็พๅ‡บ็พไปฃ็‰ฉ่ณช็คพๆœƒ็š„ๅคšๆจฃๆ€งใ€‚ไป–ๅˆๅพžไบจๅˆฉยท

์งˆ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ด์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ

้ฆฌ่’‚ๆ–ฏ็š„็•ซไฝœไธญ็ฒๅพ—ไบ†้ˆๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒ้€™ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟๅ……ๅˆ†ๅๆ˜ 

์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์•™๋ฆฌ ๋งˆํ‹ฐ์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฐ ์˜๊ฐ์„

scapes as subjects for his paintings. But how he expresses these subjects is what is different. He has been developing his own

ๅœจไป–็š„ๅผท็ƒˆ่‰ฒๅฝฉๅ’Œๅ……ๆปฟๆดปๅŠ›็š„ๅ–ฎ็ด”ๅฝขๆ…‹ใ€‚ไป–ๆžœ

๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„ ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—

expression mechanism since the 60s. He

ๆ–ทๅœฐไฝฟ็”จๅ–ฎ็ด”็š„็ทšๆขๅ’Œๅฝขๆ…‹๏ผŒ้”ๅˆฐไป‹ไนŽๅ…ท่ฑก็•ซ

์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฟ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”

was greatly influenced by Henri Matisseโ€™s

่ˆ‡ๆŠฝ่ฑก็•ซไน‹้–“็š„ๅฝขๆ…‹ใ€‚

๋œ ์„ ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ™”์™€ ์ถ”์ƒํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„

vivid colors, simple and dynamic forms

ยฉ Tom Wesselmann / VAGA, NY / SACK, Seoul, 2014

๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

and simplified details. He is well known for his expressive and simple lines and forms. It is praised that he eliminated boundaries between abstract and figurative art.

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Yayoi Kusama 1929- , Japanese ่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

Pumpkin ๅ—็“œ Acrylic on canvas 24.2ร—33.4cm(4), 9.5ร—13.1in 1997 signed on the reverse This work is accompanied with an artwork registration card issued by the artist studio.

HKD 900,000 - 1,350,000 CNY 750,000 - 1,120,000 USD 118,000 - 180,000 KRW 120,000,000 - 180,000,000

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Yayoi Kusama 1929- , Japanese ่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

Pumpkin ๅ—็“œ Acrylic on canvas 22.7ร—15.8cm, 8.9ร—6.2in 1990 signed on the reverse This work is accompanied with an artwork registration card issued by the artist studio.

HKD 450,000 - 600,000 CNY 370,000 - 500,000 USD 58,000 - 77,000 KRW 60,000,000 - 80,000,000

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Yayoi Kusama 1929- , Japanese ่‰้–“ยทๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

Parasol I Left in the Field ้บ่ฝๅœจ็”ฐ้‡Ž็š„้™ฝๅ‚˜ Mixed media 183ร—184ร—20(d)cm, 72ร—72.4ร—7.9(d)in 1997 signed on the reverse

HKD 2,600,000 - 3,700,000 CNY 2,150,000 - 3,000,000 USD 340,000 - 480,000 KRW 350,000,000 - 500,000,000 PROVENANCE Robert Miller Gallery, New York EXHIBITED MoMA Contemporary, Yayoi Kusama- Beyond My Illusion, March 1999, Fukuoka, Japan

Silver on the Earth 180ร—180ร—12cm, 1990

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Regarded by many as a living legend partly for her

ๅฒ็„กๅ‰ไพ‹็š„็จ็‰น้ขจๆ ผๅŠ ไธŠๆ—ฅๆœฌๅฅณๆ€งไฝœๅฎถ้€™ไธ€็จ€ๆœ‰

์ „๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ํฌ

unique artistic style and partly for the fact she is a

ๆ€ง๏ผŒไฝฟ่‰้–“ๅฝŒ็”Ÿ่ขซ็จฑ็ˆฒๆ˜ฏไธ€ๅ€‹ๅ‚ณๅฅ‡๏ผŒๅฅนไปฅๅฐ‡่‡ชๅทฑ

๊ท€์„ฑ์ด ๋”ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์„ค๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

notable female Japanese artist, Yayoi Kusama is an

ๅ…งๅฟƒ็š„ๅ‰ตๅ‚ทไปฅๅŠ็”ฑๆญค่€Œ็”Ÿ็š„ๅนป่ฆบ็—‡็‹€ๅ‡่ฏ็ˆฒ่—่ก“

๋Š” ๋‚ด์  ์ƒ์ฒ˜์™€ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฐ์ฆ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์Šนํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ

artist who incorporates the hallucinatory visions of

ๅ‰ตไฝœ่€Œ่žๅใ€‚ๅฅนๅœจไธ–็•Œๅ„ๅœฐๅปฃๆณ›ๅœฐ้–‹ๅฑ•่—่ก“ๅ‰ตไฝœ

์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘

her mental illness into her work. Active worldwide,

ๆดปๅ‹•๏ผŒๅ‰ตไฝœ้ ˜ๅŸŸๆถต่“‹่กŒ็ˆฒ่—่ก“ใ€ๆ™‚ๅฐšใ€่จญ่จˆ็ญ‰ๅคš

๊ฐ€๋Š” ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค, ํŒจ์…˜, ๋””์ž์ธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด

the artist works in a wide variety of media, including

็จฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸ๏ผŒ้€š้Žๅ…ทๆœ‰ไธ€่ฒซๆ€ง็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ้ขจๆ ผ๏ผŒๅฑ•็พ่‘—โ€œ่‰

์„œ๋„ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ โ€˜์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆโ€™๋งŒ์˜ ์ƒ‰์„

performance, fashion, and design while maintaining

้–“ๅฝŒ็”Ÿโ€็‰นๆœ‰็š„่—่ก“่‰ฒๅฝฉใ€‚

๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

styles and colors that are distinctly her own.

่‡ช1962ๅนดๆ‚ฃไธŠๅšด้‡็š„็ฒพ็ฅž็–พ็—…ๅพŒ๏ผŒ่‰้–“ๅฝŒ็”Ÿ็š„ๅ‰ต

๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค 1962๋…„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์•“์€ ์ดํ›„, ํšŒํ™”์— ๊ตญ

After a struggle with a serious mental illness in

ไฝœๅพžๅŽŸๅ…ˆ็š„็นช็•ซ้€ฒไธ€ๆญฅๆ“ดๅคงๅˆฐไบ†้›•ๅˆปๅ’Œ่ฃ้ฃพไธŠใ€‚

ํ•œ๋๋˜ ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ œ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์ด ํ™•

1962, Kusama expanded her realm of interest

ๅฅนๆŠŠ่‡ชๅทฑๅซๅšโ€œ็ฒพ็ฅž็—…่—่ก“ๅฎถโ€๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰ตไฝœไธ€ไบ›ๅฝขๆ…‹

์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ โ€œ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ฆ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํžŒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ 

beyond painting, her primary medium, to include

็จ็‰น็š„้€ ๅž‹ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚

๊ฐ€โ€(obsessive artist)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์กฐํ˜•์ž‘ํ’ˆ

sculpture and objet dโ€™art. She calls herself an โ€œob-

ๆญคๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธญ้™คไบ†่‰้–“ๅฝŒ็”Ÿ็š„ไฝœๅ“่ฃ็ถ“ๅธธๅ‡บ็พ็š„

์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

sessive artist,โ€ who through her obsessions pro-

ๅธฝๅญใ€่Šฑใ€็šฎ้ž‹็ญ‰ไธป่ฆ็ด ๆไปฅๅค–๏ผŒ้‚„ๆœ‰้ …้ˆใ€้™ฝๅ‚˜ใ€

์ด๋ฒˆ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์—๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž, ๊ฝƒ, ๊ตฌ๋‘์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—

duces innovative, unique works of art.

ๆขณๅญ็ญ‰ไบ‹็‰ฉใ€‚ๅ…ˆๅšๅ‡บไธ€ๅ€‹็ซ‹้ซ”็š„ๅบ•้ข๏ผŒ็„ถๅพŒๆŠŠๅŒๆจฃ้ก

์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด, ์–‘์‚ฐ, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋น—

Kusamaโ€™s work on auction feature various objects,

่‰ฒ็š„ๅธฝๅญใ€่Šฑใ€้ …้ˆใ€ๆขณๅญใ€้ซ˜่ทŸ้ž‹็ญ‰่ฑกๅพๅฅณๆ€ง็š„ไบ‹

๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์ž…์ฒด์ ์ธ

such as a necklace, parasol, and hair brush, in

็‰ฉๆ”พ็ฝฎๅœจๅ…ถไธญ๏ผŒ้€™ไธฆไธๆ˜ฏๅ–ฎ็ด”ๅœฐ่ค‡ๅˆถไบ‹็‰ฉ็š„ๆจกๆจฃ๏ผŒ่€Œ

๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์‚ฌ์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ชจ์ž, ๊ฝƒ, ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด,

addition to her favorite motifs like hats, flowers,

ๆ˜ฏๅŒๆ™‚ๆ็นชไบ†้‚ฃไบ›ไบ‹็‰ฉๆ‰€ๅ…ทๆœ‰็š„ๅฅณๆ€ง็š„็ถ“้ฉ—ๅ’Œๆ„็พฉใ€‚

์–‘์‚ฐ, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋น—, ํ•˜์ดํž๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฐ

and shoes. Her arrangement of objects like these,

็”ฑๆญค๏ผŒๅฅณๆ€ง็š„็ถ“้ฉ—ๅœจไฝœๅ“ไธญไปฅๆ–ฐ็š„ๅฝขๆ…‹่กจๆธ…ๆธ…ๆฅšๆฅšๅœฐ

์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ

common representations of femininity, in a three-

็พๅ‡บไพ†ใ€‚ไธๅƒ…ๅฆ‚ๆญค๏ผŒๆŠŠๅบ•้ขๅกซๅพ—ๆปฟๆปฟ็š„ใ€่ฎ“ไบบ่ฏๆƒณ่ตท

์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ก ์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”

dimensional background is not just replication,

็”ทๆ€ง็”Ÿๆฎ–ๅ™จ็š„ๅœ“ๅœ“ๆ‰ๆ‰็š„็‰ฉ้ซ”๏ผŒ้€™ๆ˜ฏ่‰้–“ๅฝŒ็”Ÿ็š„ใ€Š็ฉ

๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ‘œ

but the symbolization of patriarchal images of the

็ดฏใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ไธญ็ถ“ๅธธๅ‡บ็พ็š„็ด ๆ๏ผŒไนŸๆ˜ฏไฝœ่€…่ฟฝๆฑ‚ๆ–ฐ็š„่—่ก“

ํ˜„๋˜์–ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋นฝ๋นฝํžˆ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”

feminine and the meanings they imply. In this work,

ๅฝขๆ…‹็š„่ตค่ฃธ่ฃธ็š„่กจ้”ใ€‚่‰้–“ๅฝŒ็”Ÿ้€š้Ž้€™ไบ›ไฝœๅ“ๆ‰€ๅ‚ณ้”

๋‚จ๊ทผ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‘ฅ๊ธ€ ๋‚ฉ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ์˜ <์ถ•์ >

womenโ€™s experience is given a new interpretation

็š„ไธๅƒ…ๅƒ…ๆ˜ฏ้—œๆ–ผ็”Ÿๅญ˜ๅœจ็”ทๆ€งๆ‰€ๆ”ฏ้…็š„ใ€ไปฅ็”ทๆ€ง็ˆฒไธป็š„

์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ

to convey a clear message. The round and flat ob-

ไธ–็•Œ่ฃ็š„ๅฅณๆ€ง๏ผŒๆ›ดๆ˜ฏ้€ฒไธ€ๆญฅๅฐๅฅณๆ€ง็š„็”Ÿๅญ˜ไปฅๅŠ่ถ…่ถŠๆ€ง

๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘

ject reminiscent of a phallic symbol that densely fills

ๅˆฅ็š„ๅฑ€้™ๅฏฆ็พๅ…ฑ็”Ÿๅ…ฑๅญ˜็š„ๆ–นๆณ•้€ฒ่กŒไบ†ๆŽข็ดขใ€‚ๅฅน็š„ไฝœๅ“

ํ’ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์„ธ

the space is a motif readily seen in her <Accumula-

่กจ้”ๅ‡บ๏ผŒๅฆ‚ๅŒไฝœๅ“ไธญ็š„ๆฏๅ€‹้ƒจๅˆ†่„ซ้›ขไบ†ๅคง็š„ๆ•ด้ซ”้ƒฝ็„ก

๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€

tion> series; it is also a symbol of the artistโ€™s desire

ๆณ•็จ่‡ชๅญ˜ๅœจ๏ผŒๆˆ‘ๅ€‘็”Ÿๆดป็š„้€™ๅ€‹ไธ–็•ŒไนŸๆ˜ฏไธ€ๆจฃ๏ผŒ้›–็„ถๆœ‰

์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•œ ๊ณต์กด์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ํ•ด๋ฒ•

to create a new form of art.

่‘—ๅ„็จฎๅ„ๆจฃไธๅŒ็š„้ข่ฒŒๅ’Œๅ้›ข็š„้ƒจๅˆ†๏ผŒไฝ†็ต‚็ฉถๅช่ƒฝๆ˜ฏ

์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ „์ฒด์—

Kusama conveys through her work feminist ideas

ๆˆ็ˆฒไธ€้ซ”ๅ…ฑ็”Ÿๅ…ฑๅญ˜ใ€‚

์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ํ™€๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ ๋˜ํ•œ

about women who live in a patriarchal world, and

๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ์ผํƒˆ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜

seeks modernist answers for womenโ€™s survival and

์–ด ๊ณต์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

peaceful coexistence. Her work shows that, just as

์ด๋ฒˆ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์€ <์ถ•์ >์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ๋งŒ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ

fragments of a whole work cannot exist on their

์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜, ์ดˆ

own in separation, the world we live in consists of a

ํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜, ํŒ์•„ํŠธ, ์ถ”์ƒํ‘œํ˜„์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ

variety of people with many different lifestyles, and

๊ด€๋…๊ณผ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

that we have no choice but to come together and accept our differences. Yayoi Kusamaโ€™s work on auction is part of the <Accumulation> series. They demonstrate the artistโ€™s diverse ideas about feminism, Surrealism, pop art, and Abstract Expressionism and showcase her unique creative style.

In the Mid Afternoon Gold paint, wicker chair, table, fabric, artificial flowers, plastic grapes, plastic cups, bottle opener, and rubber lizard chair:104.1ร—91ร—106.7cm, table:68.6ร—41.6ร—39.4cm, 1998

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Nam Kwan 1911-1990, Korean ๅ—ๅฏฌ ๋‚จ๊ด€

Untitled ็„ก้กŒ Oil on canvas 130ร—194cm(120), 51.2ร—76.4in 1987 signed on the lower left

HKD 300,000 - 450,000 CNY 250,000 - 375,000 USD 39,000 - 59,000 KRW 40,000,000 - 60,000,000

One of the first notable abstract artists in Ko-

ๅ—ๅฏฌ่ขซ่ญฝ็ˆฒๆ˜ฏ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็œŸๆญฃ็š„็ฌฌไธ€ไปฃๆŠฝ่ฑกไธป็พฉ็•ซ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ถ”์ƒ 1์„ธ๋Œ€๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ๊ด€์€ 1911๋…„ ๊ฒฝ

rea, Nam Kwan was born in Cheongsong-gun,

ๅฎถใ€‚1911ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๆ…ถๅฐšๅŒ—้“้’ๆพ้ƒก๏ผŒ14ๆญฒ้‚ฃๅนด

๋ถ ์ฒญ์†ก๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ 14์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋˜ ํ•ด ์ผ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€

Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, in 1911. He went

ๅ‰ๅพ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ๏ผŒ็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๆ—ฅๆœฌๅคชๅนณๆด‹็พŽ่ก“ๅญธๆ กใ€‚้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅ…‰

๋‹ค์ดํ—ค์ด์š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๋ณต ์งํ›„ ๊ท€๊ตญํ•˜์—ฌ

to Japan at age 14 and graduated from Taiheiyo

่ค‡ๅพŒๅ›žๅˆฐ็ฅ–ๅœ‹๏ผŒ่ˆ‡ๆŽๅฟซๅคงใ€ๆŽ้บŸ็ฅฅใ€ๆŽๆ†็ฅฅ็ญ‰ไธ€

์ด์พŒ๋Œ€, ์ด์ธ์ƒ, ์ด๊ทœ์ƒ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋ฌธํ™”ํ˜‘ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝ

Art School. He returned home right after the lib-

่ตทๆˆ็ซ‹ไบ†ๆœ้ฎฎ็พŽ่ก“ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๅ”ๆœƒ๏ผŒไธฆๅœจ่ฅฟๆด‹็•ซๆ–น้ข้กฏ

ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„œ์–‘ํ™”์—์„œ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜

eration of Korea and founded the Korean Fine

้œฒๅ‡บๅพˆๆทฑ็š„้€ ่ฉฃใ€‚ๅพŒไพ†ๅœจๆฑไบฌ้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ๆŽฅ่งธๅˆฐ็š„ๆณ•

์ค‘ ๋„์ฟ„ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ์—์„œ ์ ‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋Œ€

Arts and Culture Association with Lee Kwae-

ๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“ๅฐไป–็”ข็”Ÿไบ†ๆทฑ้ ็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ๏ผŒๆˆ็ˆฒไป–ๆฑบๅฎš็•™ๆณ•

ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ  ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ํ–‰์„ ๊ฒฐํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด

Dae, Lee InSang, and Lee GyuSang, and went

็š„ๅฅ‘ๆฉŸใ€‚ไพ†ๅˆฐๆณ•ๅœ‹ๅพŒ๏ผŒไป–้–‹ๅง‹ๆฝ›ๅฟƒ็ ”็ฉถๆŠฝ่ฑกไธป็พฉ

ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ƒ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‹ฌํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ

on to make his name in Western painting. He

่กจ็พๆ‰‹ๆณ•๏ผŒๆœ€็ต‚ๅฝขๆˆไบ†่‡ชๅทฑ็จ็‰น็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ้ขจๆ ผใ€‚

๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

attended the Tokyo Biennale and was deeply

ๅ—ๅฏฌๆ˜ฏโ€œไธ็Šง็‰ฒๆฑ่ฅฟๆ–นๆ–‡ๅŒ–ไปปไฝ•ไธ€้ƒจๅˆ†็š„ๅŒๆ™‚ๅฏฆ

๋‚จ๊ด€์€ ๋ณดํ†ต "๋™์„œ์–‘ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ผ๋ถ€๋„ ํฌ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š

impressed by French art, which prompted him

็พๅ…ฉ็จฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ไบ’่žไบ’้€š็š„็จไธ€็„กไบŒ็š„่—่ก“ๅฎถโ€๏ผŒไนŸ

์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‘˜์„ ์œตํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผ๋ฌด์ดํ•œ ๋Œ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€"๋ผ

to go to France. In Paris, he delved into abstract

ๅ› ๆญคๅปฃๅ—่ดŠ่ญฝใ€‚ไป–็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœไธๆ‹˜ๆณฅๆ–ผๅฏ็œผ่ง€็š„ๅค–

๋Š” ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜

art and created highly unique works.

่กจ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏๅฐ‡้‡้ปžๆ”พๅœจ่กจ้”ไบบ้กž็œŸๅฏฆ็š„ๅ…งๅœจ๏ผŒไธฆๅฐ‡

์ง„์‹ค์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฉฐ ๋™์–‘์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜„๋Œ€

Nam Kwan is lauded for the ways he combined

ๆฑๆ–น็š„็ด ๆๅ’Œ็พไปฃ็š„่กจ็พๆ‰‹ๆณ•ๅฎŒ็พŽๅœฐ่žๅˆๅœจไธ€

์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์œตํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€

Eastern and Western sensibilities in his work

่ตทใ€‚้€™ๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ˜ฏไป–ๅพŒๆœŸ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒๅฏไปฅ็œ‹ๅˆฐ

๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์ด ์ด์™„

without sacrificing the principles and aesthetics

็ทŠๅผตๆ„Ÿๅพ—ๅˆฐไบ†ๆ˜Ž้กฏ็š„่ˆ’็ทฉ๏ผŒ่€Œไธ”ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ่ฉผ่ซง็š„็‰น

๋˜๊ณ  ํ•ดํ•™์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜

of either. He sought to reveal the inner truths of

้ปžใ€‚ๅฆ‚ๆžœ่ชชไป–ๅœจๅˆๆœŸ็ˆฒไบ†่‡ชๅทฑ็š„่บซไปฝ่ชๅŒ่€Œๆ›ดๅคš

์ž๊ธฐ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ๋ฏธ์˜์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜

humans in his creative pursuits, incorporating

ๅœฐๅ˜—่ฉฆไบ†ๆ็คบ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅผๅฏฉ็พŽๆ„่ญ˜็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒ้‚ฃ้บผๅพŒๆœŸ

๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์  ์ž‘์—…์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ›„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆœ์ง„๋ฌด๊ตฌํ•œ ์–ด

Oriental materials in modern, expressive ways.

็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅ‰‡ๅ›žๅˆฐไบ†ๅคฉ็œŸ็„ก้‚ช็š„็ซฅ็œŸไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒๅฑ•็พไบ†ๆ›ด

๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ธต ์œ ํฌ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ’์š”๋กœ์šด ์˜ˆ

Untitled (1987) is a later work and notable for its

ๅŠ ๅ……ๆปฟ่ถฃๅ‘ณ็š„่ฑๅฏŒ็š„่—่ก“ไธ–็•Œใ€‚

์ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

playful humor and tension, giving it a personality quite different from his earlier works, which focused on exploring experimental approaches to Korean aesthetics as a way of discovering his own identity.

150

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71

Rhee SeundJa 1918-2009, Korean ๆŽ่–ๅญ ์ด์„ฑ์ž

Untitled ็„ก้กŒ Oil on canvas 73ร—60cm(20), 28.7ร—23.6in 1963 signed on the lower right and reverse

HKD 150,000 - 250,000 CNY 125,000 - 200,000 USD 20,000 - 30,000 KRW 20,000,000 - 30,000,000

Rhee settled in France in 1951 and continued

1951ๅนด็•™ๅญธๆณ•ๅœ‹๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจๆณ•ๅœ‹ๅพžไบ‹่—่ก“ๅ‰ตไฝœใ€‚

1951๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด์„ฑ

to work with oil painting and woodprint, incor-

ๅฅนๅฐ‡้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็š„ๆƒ…่ถฃๅ’Œๅ…ƒ็ด ่žๅ…ฅๅˆฐๆฒน็•ซใ€ๆœจ็‰ˆ็•ซ็ญ‰ไฝœ

์ž๋Š” ์œ ํ™”, ๋ชฉํŒํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ํ–ฅ์ทจ์™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€

porating both her Korean sensibility and Korean

ๅ“็•ถไธญ๏ผŒๅ—ๅˆฐไบ†ๅทด้ปŽ็•ซๅฃ‡็š„ๆฅตๅคง้—œๆณจใ€‚ๅฅน่ขซ่ฉ•ๅƒน

๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ™”๋‹จ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "๋™์–‘

images. She received much attention from Pa-

็ˆฒๆ˜ฏโ€œไฟๆŒๆฑๆ–น็š„็Ž„ๅฆ™ๆƒ…ๆ„Ÿๅ’Œ่‰ฒๅฝฉ็š„ๅŒๆ™‚๏ผŒๅฎŒ็พŽ

์˜ ์˜ค๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ •์„œ์™€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„์งํ•œ์ฑ„ ์„œ์–‘๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜

risian art circles for her unique and delicate por-

ๅœฐ่žๅ…ฅๅˆฐ่ฅฟๆ–น็พŽ่ก“ๆฝฎๆต็•ถไธญ็š„่กจ็Ž‡โ€๏ผŒๆˆ็ˆฒๅทด้ปŽ

ํ๋ฆ„ ์†์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ"๋ผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜

trayal of the difficulties of life. She was thought of

่—่ก“็ฏ€่ชๅฏ็š„ๆฑๆ–น่—่ก“ๅฎถใ€‚ๆŽ่–ๅญ็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅ‚พๅ‘ๆ–ผ

๋Š” ๋™์–‘ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์„ฑ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์ •์ ์ธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์˜ ๋น„

as โ€œan exemplary artist who joined mainstream

ๆŠ’ๆƒ…้ขจๆ ผ็š„้žๅ…ท่ฑก่—่ก“๏ผŒๅคง่‡ช็„ถๆ˜ฏๅธถ็ตฆๅฅนๆœ€ๅคš้ˆ

๊ตฌ์ƒ๊ณ„์—ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ž์—ฐ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜๊ฐ

western art without sacrificing her subtle Asian

ๆ„Ÿ็š„่—่ก“ๆบๆณ‰๏ผŒ่ฎ“ๅฅน็”จ็ดฐ่†ฉ่€ŒๆฅตๅฏŒ็จๅ‰ตๆ€ง็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบ

์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๋‹จํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ 

sensibility and individuality,โ€ and was recognized

ๆ่ฟฐไบ†่‰ฑ่‹ฆ็š„็”Ÿๆดปใ€‚

๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ’€์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค.

as a leading Asian artist in Paris. Rhee creat-

ๆŽ่–ๅญๅœจ1960ๅนดไปฃๅ‰ตไฝœๅ‡บไบ†ๆœ€ๅคš็š„ไปฃ่กจไฝœใ€‚ๅฅน

1960๋…„๋Œ€๋Š” ์ด์„ฑ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ค‘์š”

ed mostly non-abstract works with a touch of

ๅœจ็•ซ้ข่ฃๅ‰ต้€ ๅ‡บ็”จ้ปžๅ’Œ็ทšๆง‹ๆˆ็š„ๆฑๆ–น้ขจๆ ผ็š„้€ ๅž‹

ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด ์•ˆ์— ์ ๊ณผ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋™

lyricism. To her, nature was the most important

็ฉบ้–“๏ผŒ้€š้Žๅœจๆœ‰้™็š„็ฉบ้–“่ฃ้‡่ค‡็š„่‰ฒๅฝฉ่กจ็พ๏ผŒๅฑ•

์–‘์ ์ธ ์กฐํ˜•๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ค‘

source of artistic inspiration.

็พๅ‡บไธ€ๅ€‹็พŽ้บ—็š„ไธ–็•Œใ€‚ๆœฌๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ•ดๅ€‹็•ซ้ข

๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž

The 1960s was an important time for her, as

ๅฐฑๅƒไธ€ๅ€‹ๅนพไฝ•ๅœ–ๅฝข๏ผŒๅก—่‰ฒๅพŒๅˆฎๆŽ‰๏ผŒๅˆๅก—ๅˆๅˆฎๆŽ‰๏ผŒ

ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์€ ์น ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋ง์น ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธ์–ด

she created her most representative works dur-

้€š้Ž้€™็จฎ้›†ไธญๅ’Œๅ่ค‡็š„ๅ‹žๅ‹•ๅฏ†้›†ๅž‹ๆ•ˆๆžœ๏ผŒๅฐ‡่ณชๆ„Ÿ

๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง‘์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ง‘์•ฝ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”

ing this period. She filled her canvas with lines

ๆ้ซ˜ๅˆฐๆฅต่‡ด๏ผŒๆง‹ๆ€ๆˆฐ็•ฅๆฅตๅฏŒๅ€‹ๆ€งใ€‚

ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ด ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์ ์ธ โ€˜๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ โ€™ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

and dots and overlapped colors within a limited

่ถ…่ถŠๆฑ่ฅฟๆ–น็š„็•Œ้™๏ผŒ็ˆฒ่—่ก“ๅฅ‰็ปไธ€็”Ÿ็š„ๆŽ่–ๅญ

๋™, ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์–ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ์ผํ‰์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”์น˜๊ณ  ์กฐ

space. This type of work presents a highly in-

ๅ …ๅผทๅœฐๅ…‹ๆœไบ†็ฅ–ๅœ‹็š„ๆˆฐ็ˆญไปฅๅŠ่บซๅœจ็•ฐๅœ‹ไป–้„‰็š„

๊ตญ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ํƒ€๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ๋…, ํ˜ผ๋ˆ์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด

dividualistic โ€œgeometricalโ€ plane by repeatedly

ๅญค็จ่ˆ‡ๆททไบ‚๏ผŒ้–‹ๅ•Ÿไบ†ๆ–ฐ็š„่—่ก“ไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒ่ขซๆณ•ๅœ‹่‘—

์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์—ด์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์‹œ์ธ ๋ฏธ์…€

painting, scraping, and repainting.

ๅ่ฉฉไบบ็ฑณๆญ‡็ˆพยทๅธƒๆ‰˜็ˆพ็››่ดŠ็ˆฒโ€œๆฑๆ–นๅคงไฝฟโ€ใ€‚ๅฅน

๋ท”ํ† ๋ฅด์—๊ฒŒ '๋™๋…˜์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ์นญ์†ก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ž‘

Rhee dedicated her life to art, and through

ๆ˜ฏ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็•ซๅฎถไธญ็ฌฌไธ€ๅ€‹ใ€ๆฑๆ–น็•ซๅฎถไธญ็ฌฌไบŒๅ€‹ไฝœๅ“

๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ดˆ, ๋™์–‘ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ฌธ๋ถ€์„ฑ์— ์ž‘

art, she managed to transcend the tragic war

่ขซๆ”ถ่—ๆ–ผๆณ•ๅœ‹ๆ–‡้ƒจ็œ็š„็•ซๅฎถ๏ผŒ่€Œไธ”ๅ…ฉๆฌกๆฆฎ็ฒๆณ•

ํ’ˆ์ด ์†Œ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‘์ฐจ๋ก€๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ

at home, homesickness, and confusion while

ๅœ‹ๆ”ฟๅบœ้ ’็™ผ็š„ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๅ‹ณ็ซ ๏ผŒๅฅน็š„่—่ก“ๅ‰ตไฝœๅ—ๅˆฐๆฑ

ํ™”ํ›ˆ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋™์„œ์–‘์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜์—ฌ

bridging the gap between the East and West

่ฅฟๆ–น็š„ๅปฃๆณ›ๅ–œๆ„›ใ€‚

์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

and opening new horizons in art. She is the first Korean artist and the second Asian artist whose work is included in the collection of the Ministry of National Education in France. She was also awarded the Order of Cultural Merit twice by the French government.

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Chun KwangYoung 1944- , Korean ๅ…จๅ…‰ๆฆฎ ์ „๊ด‘์˜

Aggregation 03-D162 ้›†ๅˆ 03-D162 Mixed media with Korean mulberry paper 101ร—176cm, 39.7ร—69.2in 2003 signed on the reverse

HKD 210,000 - 270,000 CNY 175,000 - 220,000 USD 28,000 - 35,000 KRW 28,000,000 - 35,000,000

Chun KwangYoungโ€™s <Aggregation> series high-

ใ€Š้›†ๅˆใ€‹็ณปๅˆ—ไฝœ่ฒผๅˆ‡ๅœฐๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บไบ†่ˆŠๆ›ธ็ฑใ€ๅ ฑ็ด™ใ€

<์ง‘ํ•ฉ>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์€ ์˜› ์„œ์ , ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ง€, ๋ถ€์ , ์ฒญ์ƒ‰,

lights variations in texture and color through the

ๅ’’็ฌฆใ€่ขซๆŸ“ๆˆ้’่‰ฒๅ’Œ้ปƒ้ก่‰ฒ็š„้Ÿ“็ด™็ญ‰็นช็•ซๆๆ–™

๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ธ ํ•œ์ง€ ๋“ฑ ์ข…์ด์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ƒ‰๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

use of old books, newspaper, bujuk (talisman in

็š„่ณชๅœฐๅ’Œ่‰ฒๆพค่ฎŠๅŒ–ใ€‚้€™ไบ›็ด”็ฒน่กจ้ข็š„่™•็†๏ผŒๅœจ

๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จ

a written or drawn form on paper), and rice pa-

ๆŸไบ›ไฝœๅ“่ฃๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ็š„ๆ˜ฏๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ๅนณ้ข็พŽๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒ่€Œๅœจ

ํžˆ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€ํ•œ ํ‰๋ฉด์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘ํ’ˆ

per dyed blue and yellow. As a result of various

ๆŸไบ›ไฝœๅ“ไธญๅˆๅœจๅค–้ƒจ็…งๆ˜Ž็š„่ผ”ๅŠฉไธ‹ๅ‡บ็พ้™ฐๅฝฑ๏ผŒ

์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ

surface treatments, his work appears minimalist

ๅพž่€Œๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๅถ„ๆ–ฐ็š„็ซ‹้ซ”ๆ„Ÿใ€‚้‚ฃไบ›ๅ…ƒ็ด ็œ‹่ตทไพ†ๆฏซ

๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•„

and flat on the surface, but with the help of ex-

็„ก็ซ ๆณ•๏ผŒไฝ†ๅŒๆ™‚ๅˆๅผทๅŒ–ไบ†ๅฝผๆญคไน‹้–“็š„็งฉๅบๆ„Ÿ่ˆ‡

๋ฌด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ„์˜ ์งˆ์„œ์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

ternal lighting and dramatic shadowing effects,

ๆŸ็จฎๆ•ด้ซ”ๆ€ง๏ผŒๅพž่€Œๅ‘ไบบๅ€‘ๅฑ•็คบๅ……ๆปฟๅฝˆๆ€งใ€ๅฏŒๆœ‰

์  ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋กœ์„œ

it can also take the form of a space. The rice

็”Ÿๅ‘ฝๅŠ›็š„ๅฝข่ฑกใ€‚

๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

paper objects seem as if they are randomly put together, but upon closer inspection one can see how structure is reinforced between the objects and in the piece as a whole, giving the work an energetic tension.

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Lee JungWoong 1963- , Korean ๆŽ้Œ ้›„ ์ด์ •์›…

Brush ๆฏ›็ญ† Oil on Korean paper 121.5ร—193cm(150), 47.8ร—75.9in signed on the lower right

HKD 190,000 - 270,000 CNY 155,000 - 220,000 USD 25,000 - 35,000 KRW 25,000,000 - 35,000,000

Lee JungWoong is famous for his hyper-realistic

ๆŽๆญฃ้›„ๆœ€ๆ“…้•ท็š„ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ็”จๆฏ›็ญ†ๅœจ้›ช็™ฝ็š„้Ÿ“็ด™ไธŠ็œŸ

์ด์ •์›…์€ ํ•˜์–€ ํ•œ์ง€ ์œ„์— ๋ถ“์„ ๊ทน์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”

portrayals of a brush on white paper. His brush-

ๅฏฆๅœฐๆ็นชไบ‹็‰ฉ็š„ๅฝขๆ…‹ใ€‚ๅœจ้Ÿ“็ด™ไธŠ็”จๅขจๅ’Œๆฒน็•ซ้ก”

์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ง€ ์œ„์— ๋จน๊ณผ ์œ ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ

es, which are drawn with ink stick and oil paint

ๆ–™็นช็•ซ๏ผŒ้€™ๆจฃ็š„ๆฏ›็ญ†็•ซๅœจ็นช็•ซ็ด ๆๅ’Œๆ‰‹ๆณ•ใ€ไธป

๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ“ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ์†Œ์žฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋™์–‘ํ™”์™€

on rice paper, encompass Eastern and Western

้กŒ็ญ‰ๆ–น้ข่žๆœƒไบ†ไธญๅœ‹็•ซๅ’Œ่ฅฟๆด‹็•ซใ€ๆŠฝ่ฑกๅ’Œๅฏซๅฏฆ

์„œ์–‘ํ™”, ์ถ”์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ๊ตฌ์ƒ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

painting and abstract and realistic representa-

ไธป็พฉ็š„ๅ…ท่ฑกใ€‚ๆŽๆญฃ้›„็š„็นช็•ซๅฏไปฅ็ฐกๅ–ฎๆ่ฟฐ็ˆฒโ€˜็•ซ

์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ โ€˜ํ™”๋ฉด ์œ„์˜ ๋ถ“์ž๊ตญโ€™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜

tions of subject, technique, and theme.

้ขไธŠ็š„็ญ†่ฟนโ€™ใ€‚็•ซ้ขไธŠๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ๆšˆๅขจๆ—ขๅƒๆ˜ฏๆฐดๅขจๆŠฝ

์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ์ถ”์ƒ์  ๋จน์˜ ๋ฒˆ์ง์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฌต ์ถ”์ƒํ™” ๊ฐ™

Leeโ€™s work can be briefly described as โ€˜brush

่ฑก็•ซ๏ผŒๅˆๅƒๆ˜ฏ่ถ…็ดšๅฏซๅฏฆไธป็พฉ็นช็•ซ๏ผŒ่ฎ“ไบบๆททๆท†ใ€‚

๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทน์‚ฌ์‹ค ํšŒํ™”์ธ์ง€ ํ˜ผ๋ˆ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ทธ

strokes on canvas.โ€™ The abstract running of the

ไนŸๅฐฑๆ˜ฏ่ชช๏ผŒไป–็š„็•ซๆ˜ฏๅ…ท่ฑกๅ’ŒๆŠฝ่ฑกๆทฑๅบฆไบค่ž๏ผŒ่€Œ

๋ฆผ์€ ๊ตฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ถ”์ƒ์ด ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๊นŠ์ด ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•

ink on the canvas looks so real that it evokes

้€™็ˆฒ็•ซ้ขๅขžๆทปไบ†็ทŠๅผตๆ„Ÿใ€‚

์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ํ™”ํญ์— ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋”ํ•œ๋‹ค.

confusion as to whether it is an abstract painting in India ink or a hyper-realistic painting. In other words, his art is the image of abstract and design both rooted in the same spot, creating a sense of tension on the canvas.

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Lee Bul 1964- , Korean ๆŽๆ˜ข ์ด ๋ถˆ

Untitled ็„ก้กŒ Aluminum, mirror and steel 69ร—114ร—10(d)cm, 27ร—45ร—4(d)in, Ed. 2/3 2007

HKD 300,000 - 400,000 CNY 250,000 - 330,000 USD 39,000 - 50,000 KRW 40,000,000 - 50,000,000

Lee Bul has often been described as a โ€œwarriorโ€

ๆŽๆ˜ข๏ผŒ้€™ๅๆ›พ็ถ“่ตค่บซ่ฃธ้ซ”ๅœฐๅ€’ๅŠๅœจๅคฉ่ŠฑๆฟไธŠๅš

๋ฒŒ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ—์€ ์ฑ„ ์ฒœ์žฅ์— ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ๋‚™ํƒœ ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜

woman artist. In the 1990s, she performed a

ๅ‡บๅขฎ่ƒŽ่กŒ็ˆฒ่—่ก“๏ผŒๅ› ๆญป้ญš่…็ˆ›็š„ๅ‘ณ้“ๅœจ็พไปฃ็พŽ

๊ณ , ์ƒ์„  ์ฉ๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฉ”์นด์ธ ๋‰ด์š• ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ

shocking โ€œabortion performanceโ€ at the Muse-

่ก“ไน‹่–ๅœฐ-็ด็ด„็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจๅผ•่ตท่ฝŸๅ‹•็š„ไนๅๅนดไปฃโ€œ

์ˆ ๊ด€์„ ์ˆ ๋ ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ 90๋…„๋Œ€ '์—ฌ์ „์‚ฌ(ๅฅณๆˆฐๅฃซ)์ธ ์ด๋ถˆ

um of Modern Art in New York, dangling herself

ๅฅณๆˆฐๅฃซโ€๏ผŒๅฅนๅœจๅ‰ตไฝœๆ™‚๏ผŒ็ธฝๆ˜ฏๅฐ‡ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ๆ•˜่ฟฐๆŠ•

์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜์‹, ์œ ํ† ํ”ผ์•„์—

upside down on the ceiling naked as the odor

ๅฝฑๅˆฐๅฐ–้Šณ็Š€ๅˆฉ็š„็คพๆœƒๆ‰นๅˆคๅ’Œๆญทๅฒๆ„่ญ˜ใ€ๅฐ็ƒๆ‰˜

๊ด€ํ•œ ์ธ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์  ํƒ๊ตฌ ์†์— ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์˜์‹œ

of spoiled fish filled the exhibition space. Lee

้‚ฆ็š„ไบบๆœฌไธป็พฉๆŽข็ดขไธญใ€‚ๅฅนๅฐ‡่‡ชๅทฑๅผท็ƒˆ่€Œๆ‰“็ ดๅธธ

ํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒŒ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค, ์กฐ๊ฐ,

incorporates personal narratives into her hu-

่ฆ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ้ขจๆ ผ้€š้Ž่กŒ็ˆฒ่—่ก“ใ€้›•ๅˆปใ€่ฃ็ฝฎใ€็นช

์„ค์น˜, ํšŒํ™”, ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์ƒ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€

manistic explorations of Utopia, her bitter social

็•ซใ€็ด ๆไปฅๅŠๅฝฑๅƒ็ญ‰ๅ„็จฎๅช’้ซ”ไพ†ๅฏฆ็พ่ฆ–่ฆบๅŒ–ใ€‚

์ง€ ๋งค์ฒด๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋œ๋‹ค.

criticism, and her historical consciousness. She works in diverse mediums, including performance, sculpture, installation, painting, drawing, and even film. Lee Bulโ€™s works are powerful and shockingโ€”demanding contemplation.

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Oh ChiGyun 1956- , Korean ๅณๆฒปๅ‡ ์˜ค์น˜๊ท 

Persimmon ๆŸฟๅญ Acrylic on canvas 70ร—70cm, 27.6ร—27.6in 2012 signed on the lower right

HKD 380,000 - 500,000 CNY 300,000 - 400,000 USD 49,000 - 65,000 KRW 50,000,000 - 65,000,000

Oh ChiGyun uses fingers instead of brushes.

ๅณๆฒปๅ‡็•ซ็•ซๆ™‚็”จ็š„ๆ˜ฏๆ‰‹ๆŒ‡๏ผŒ่€Œไธๆ˜ฏๆฏ›็ญ†ใ€‚ไป–็”จ

์˜ค์น˜๊ท ์€ ๋ถ“ ๋Œ€์‹  ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ

This unique technique for applying layers of

ๆ‰‹ๆŒ‡ๆŠŠ้กๆ–™ๅŽšๅŽšๅœฐๅ †่ตทไพ†๏ผŒไป–็š„็•ซไฝœไนŸ้šจไน‹็ฒ

์„ ๋‘ํˆผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์Œ“์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ํšŒํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž…์ฒด์ ์ด

paint imparts a three-dimensional sensibility.

ๅพ—ไบ†็ซ‹้ซ”็š„้ˆๆ€งใ€‚็•ถไป–็”จๆ‰‹ๆŠŠ้กๆ–™ๅกŠๅ…’ๅ †ๅœจ็•ซ

๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๊ฐ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์— ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๋‹ค

Form are created through plastering lumps of

ๆฟไธŠ๏ผŒไธฆไฝฟไน‹ๆททๅˆ่ตทไพ†็š„ๆ™‚ๅ€™๏ผŒ็ซ‹้ซ”็š„ไบ‹็‰ฉไพฟ

์‹œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ๋‹ค.

paint onto a canvas with the hands and then

ๅ‘ˆ็พๅœจไบบๅ€‘็š„้ขๅ‰ใ€‚ไป–ๆ“บ่„ซไบ†ๆฏ›็ญ†้€™ไธ€ๅช’ไป‹๏ผŒ

์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ“์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ต

mixing layers of paint. The art work of Oh Chi-

็”จ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„่บซ้ซ”ๅŽป่ฃ้ปžๆ•ดๅ€‹็•ซๆฟ๏ผŒๅ› ๆญคไป–็š„็•ซไฝœ

ํ•ด ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์— ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ€์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฑ์‹ฑ

Gyun remains as fresh as the day it was created

็ธฝๆ˜ฏ็”ŸๆฉŸๅ‹ƒๅ‹ƒใ€้ญ…ๅŠ›็„ก็ชฎใ€‚

ํ•œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

thanks to his breathtaking, brushless style.

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Sa SukWon 1960- , Korean ๅฒๅฅญๆบ ์‚ฌ์„์›

Bathing Tiger ๆด—ๆพก็š„่€่™Ž Acrylic on canvas 181.8ร—227.3cm(150), 71.6ร—89.5in 2012 signed on the reverse

HKD 300,000 - 370,000 CNY 250,000 - 300,000 USD 39,000 - 49,000 KRW 40,000,000 - 50,000,000 LITERATURE Gana Art, Secret Paradise-Sa SukWon, 2012, p.123

The animals in Sa SukWonโ€™s paintings have the

ๅฒๅฅญๆบ็š„ๅ‹•็‰ฉ็•ซๆœ‰ไธ€็จฎ็‰นๆฎŠ็š„ๅŠ›้‡๏ผŒ่ƒฝๅค ๅ–š้†’

์‚ฌ์„์›์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋‚จ๋…€๋…ธ์†Œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ๊ฐ„์ง

power to awaken the innocence and pureness

ๆฝ›่—ๅœจ็”ทๅฅณ่€ๅฐ‘ๅ…งๅฟƒๆทฑ่™•็š„ๅฟƒ็š„็ซฅ็œŸๅ’Œ็ด”ๆฝ”ใ€‚

ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹ฌ์„ ์ผ๊นจ์šฐ๋Š” ํž˜

of oneโ€™s childhood. His vivid imagination, deep

ไป–็”จ้ˆๆดป็š„ๆƒณ่ฑกๅŠ›ๅ’Œๆ•้Šณ็š„ๆ„Ÿๆ€งไปฅๅŠไธๆ‡ˆ็š„ๅฏฆ

์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์ˆœ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•œ ๊ฐ

sensitivity and ingenious experiments open up a

้ฉ—็ฒพ็ฅžๅ‘ไบบๅ€‘ๅฑ•็คบ่‡ช็”ฑๅฅ”ๆ”พ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœไธ–็•Œ๏ผŒๆƒณๆˆ

์ˆ˜์„ฑ, ๋ถ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ฐฝ์ž‘์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ

world of free creativity where there are peculiar

็‚บไธ€ๅชๅฐ้ณฅ็š„ๅฑฑ็พŠใ€ๅคงๅ…ฌ้›žใ€ๅƒ็Ž‹ไธ€ๆจฃ็š„่ฒ“้ ญ

์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์„์›์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์—ผ

animals-a bird wishing to become a goat and an

้ทน็ญ‰ไฝœๅ“ไธญ็š„ๅ‹•็‰ฉๅฝข่ฑกๅฅ‡ๅฆ™้ˆๅ‹•ใ€ๅ‡บไนŽๆƒณ่ฑกใ€‚

์†Œ, ์ˆ˜ํƒ‰, ์™• ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์—‰์ด ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์น˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค

owl-looking like a king.

ๅฒๅฅญๆบ็š„็•ซไธญๆ‰€ๆœ‰็š„็ฉบ้–“้ƒฝ่ขซ่ฏ้บ—็š„ๅŽŸ่‰ฒๅกซ

์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

The spaces in Sa SukWonโ€™s paintings are filled

ๆปฟ๏ผŒไธๅ…่จฑๆœ‰ไปปไฝ•็š„็•™็™ฝใ€‚ๅƒ้€™ๆจฃๅคง่†ฝไฝฟ็”จๅŽŸ

์‚ฌ์„์›์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์›์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ ธ ์—ฌ

with vivid colors leaving no space for emptiness.

่‰ฒ็š„็•ซๅฎถไธฆไธๅธธ่ฆ‹๏ผŒ่€Œไป–ๅปๅœจ็•ซๅธƒไธŠ็”จๅŽŸ่‰ฒ่‡ช

๋ฐฑ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์›์ƒ‰์„ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

There are only a few artists who use primary

็”ฑ่‡ชๅœจๅœฐๆฎ็‘ใ€‚ไป–็š„็นช็•ซๆ–นๅผ้žๅธธ็จ็‰น๏ผŒไธไฝฟ

ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์€๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค ์œ„์— ์›์ƒ‰์„ ์ž

colors as boldly as he does, and Sa certainly en-

็”จ่ชฟ่‰ฒๆฟ๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏ็›ดๆŽฅๆŠŠ้ก”ๆ–™ๆปดๅœจ็•ซๅธƒไธŠ๏ผŒๅ› 

์œ ์ž์žฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŒ”๋ ˆํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํŠœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋ฌผ

joys playing with color on canvas. He also sticks

ๆญค๏ผŒๆ•ดๅ€‹็•ซ้ข้กฏๅพ—็ฒ—็ณ™ไฝ†ๆ“ๆœ‰่ฑๅฏŒ็š„่ณชๆ„Ÿใ€‚็‚บ

๊ฐ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ํ™”๋ฉด ์œ„์— ์งœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ

to a unique way of painting. Instead of using a

ไบ†ๅœจๅ–ฎ็ด”็š„ๆง‹ๆ€ไธญ่ฟธ็™ผๅŽŸๅง‹็š„่ƒฝ้‡๏ผŒไฝœๅ“ๅคงๅคš

ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ๊ฑฐ์น ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋‘ํˆผํ•œ ์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ํšŒํ™”์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ

palette, he squeezes paint onto the canvas to

้‡‡็”จๆฏ”่ผƒ็ฐกๆฝ”็š„ๆง‹ๅœ–ใ€‚

ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์†์— ์›์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๊ธฐ ์œ„

give his paintings a rough and thick texture. His

ํ•ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ƒ‰์„ ์‚ฌ

works have a relatively simple structure prob-

์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์˜ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ

ably to add a primeval and primal energy to the

์— ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ช…๋ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค.

simple composition.

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78

Kim NamPyo 1973- , Korean

Kang SeKyung 1973- , Korean

้‡‘ๅ—ๆ“ ๊น€๋‚จํ‘œ

ๅงœๆญฒๆ•ฌ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฒฝ

Instant Landscape - Machine 3

Seen 201305

้€Ÿ้ฃŸ้ขจๆ™ฏ - ๆฉŸๅ™จ 3

็œ‹ๅˆฐ 201305

Artificial fur and charcoal on canvas

Oil on canvas

130ร—162cm(100), 51.2ร—63.8in

162ร—130cm(100), 63.8ร—51.2in

2009

2013

signed on the reverse

signed on the reverse

HKD 120,000 - 200,000

HKD 55,000 - 100,000

CNY 95,000 - 160,000

CNY 45,000 - 80,000

USD 15,000 - 25,000

USD 7,000 - 12,000

KRW 15,000,000 - 25,000,000

KRW 7,000,000 - 12,000,000

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166

79

80

Jeong MyoungJo 1970- , Korean

Kim JunSik 1980- , Korean

้„ญๆ˜Ž็ฅš ์ •๋ช…์กฐ

้‡‘ๅ‡†ๆค ๊น€์ค€์‹

The Paradox of Beauty #08-04

Campbell's Mazinger and Smurf

็พŽ้บ—็š„ๆ‚–่ซ– #08-04

ๅŽ่ฒ็ˆพ้ต็”ฒ่ฌ่ƒฝไฟ ๅ’Œ่—็ฒพ้ˆ

Acrylic and oil on canvas

Oil on canvas

72.7ร—116.7cm(50), 28.6ร—46in

90ร—180cm, 35.4ร—70.9in

2008

2012

signed on the reverse

signed on the reverse

HKD 120,000 - 200,000

HKD 120,000 - 200,000

CNY 95,000 - 160,000

CNY 95,000 - 160,000

USD 15,000 - 25,000

USD 15,000 - 25,000

KRW 15,000,000 - 25,000,000

KRW 15,000,000 - 25,000,000

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82

Choi SoYoung 1980- , Korean

Kwon SooHyun 1974- , Korean

ๅด”็ด ๆฆฎ ์ตœ์†Œ์˜

ๆฌŠไฟฎ่ณข ๊ถŒ์ˆ˜ํ˜„

From the Woo Po Swamp 3 - Shadow of Moon

Conqueror

ๅœจ็‰›ๆตฆๆฒผๆพค 3 - ๆœˆๅฝฑ

ๅพๆœ่€…

In Conqueror, artist Kwon SooHyun fills the canvas with splendid gold powder in repetitive patterns. An elephant pattern is used to capture on the canvas the power and patience of Africa and the happiness, luck, and longevity of China. Kwon portrays the "conqueror" in a lively, witty style using bright colors and unique patterns.

Denim collage on canvas

Acrylic on canvas

65.5ร—91cm(30), 25.8ร—35.8in

150ร—130cm, 59ร—51.2in

2010

2014

signed on the reverse

signed on the right side

HKD 120,000 - 200,000

HKD 55,000 - 100,000

CNY 95,000 - 160,000

CNY 45,000 - 80,000

USD 15,000 - 25,000

USD 7,000 - 12,000

๊ถŒ์ˆ˜ํ˜„ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ถ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ํ™”ํญ

KRW 15,000,000 - 25,000,000

KRW 7,000,000 - 12,000,000

์„ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์šด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ™”๋ฉด ์•ˆ์— ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ

ๆฌŠไฟฎ่ณขๅˆฉ็”จ้‡‘็ฒ‰ๅˆถไฝœ่ฏ้บ—็š„ๅœ–ๆกˆ๏ผŒ้€š้Žๅœ–ๆกˆ็š„้‡่ค‡ ๅกซๆปฟๆ•ดๅ€‹็•ซ้ขใ€‚ๅœจ้‚ฃๅ€‹็•ซ้ข่ฃ๏ผŒไป–ๅ€Ÿ็”จๅคง่ฑก็š„ๅฝข ่ฑก๏ผŒ็”จ้šฑๅ–ป็š„ๆ–นๅผไพ†่กจ็พๅ‡บไธป้กŒใ€‚ๅคง่ฑกๅœจ้žๆดฒ่ฑกๅพ ่‘—ๅŠ›้‡ๅ’Œๅฟ่€๏ผŒๅœจไธญๅœ‹่ฑกๅพ่‘—ๅนธ็ฆใ€ๅนธ้‹ๅ’Œ้•ทๅฃฝใ€‚ ้€™ๆฌกๅƒๆ‹็š„ไฝœๅ“โ€œๅพๆœ่€…โ€ๅˆฉ็”จไบ”้กๅ…ญ่‰ฒ็š„้ฎฎๆ˜Ž่‰ฒๅฝฉ ๅ’Œ็จ็‰น็š„ๅœ–ๆกˆ่ผ•ๅฟซ่€Œ้ขจ่ถฃๅœฐ่กจ็พๅ‡บไบ†ไธป้กŒใ€‚

์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์€์œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ํž˜, ์ธ๋‚ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณต๊ณผ ํ–‰ ์šด, ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘ โ€œConquerorโ€๋Š” ์•Œ๋ก๋‹ฌ๋กํ•œ ์›์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์พŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํŠธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Born in Pittsburgh, U.S. in 1928. After graduating from Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh in 1949, he moved to New York to work as an illustrator for magazines including Vogue and Harperโ€™s Bazaar and began working on commercial advertising. After his first solo exhibition at Hugo Gallery in 1952, he participated in a prominent group exhibition at MoMA in 1956. His major exhibitions were held in 2002 at Tate Modern in London, U.K, MoMA in New York, U.S., Gagosian Gallery, in New York, U.S. and Leeum Samsung Museum of Art in Seoul, Korea.

Born in Chongqing, China in 1967, Chen LianQing graduated from the Sichuan Fine Arts Institute Department of Painting in 1989. He won the second-place prize at the Hangzhou Figure Painting Exhibition in 1998, and has held many shows at the Museum of Contemporary Art Shanghai, Arario Gallery in Beijing and others. He lives and works in Chongqing and Beijing. ้™ณ่ฏๆ…ถ1967ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผไธญๅœ‹้‡ๆ…ถ๏ผŒ1989ๅนด็•ขๆฅญ่‡ชๅ››ๅท็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข็š„ๆฒน็•ซ็ณปใ€‚ไป–ๅœจ1998ๅนดๆญๅทžไบบ็‰ฉ็•ซๅฑ•ไธญ็ฒๅพ—็ฌฌไบŒ็Žใ€‚ไป–ๆ›พๆ–ผไธŠๆตท็•ถไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ๏ผŒๅŒ—ไบฌ้˜ฟๆ‹‰้‡Œ ๅฅง็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‡ๅŠๅ…ถไป–ๆฉŸๆง‹่ˆ‰่พฆๅฑ•่ฆฝใ€‚ไป–็พๆ–ผ้‡ๆ…ถ่ˆ‡ๅŒ—ไบฌๅ…ฉๅœฐ็”Ÿๆดป่ˆ‡ๅทฅไฝœใ€‚

1928ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๅœจ็พŽๅ›ฝๅŒนๅ…นๅ กใ€‚1949ๅนดๅœจๅŒนๅ…นๅ ก็š„ๅกๅ†…ๅŸบๅทฅ็ง‘ๅคงๅญฆๆฏ•ไธšๅŽๅŽปไบ†็บฝ็บฆ๏ผŒๅœจVogueใ€Harpersใ€Bazaar็ญ‰ๆ‚ๅฟ—ๅฝ“ๆ’ๅ›พ็ผ–่พ‘๏ผŒไปŽไบ‹ๅ•†ไธšๅนฟๅ‘Šๆ’ ๅ›พ ๅทฅไฝœใ€‚1952ๅนด็บฝ็บฆๅŽๅค็”ปๅปŠๅผ€ไบ†ไธชไบบๅฑ•๏ผŒ1956ๅนดๅ‚ๅŠ ไธ‡ๅ›ฝๅŸŽไธป่ฆ็พคๅฑ•ใ€‚ไธป่ฆๅฑ•่งˆๆœ‰2002ๅนด่‹ฑๅ›ฝไผฆๆ•ฆๆณฐๅพท็Žฐไปฃใ€2003ๅนด็พŽๅ›ฝ็บฝ็บฆ็บฝ็บฆ็Žฐไปฃ็พŽๆœฏ้ฆ†ใ€ 2006ๅนด็พŽๅ›ฝ็บฝ็บฆ้ซ˜ๅค่ฝฉ็”ปๅปŠใ€2007ๅนด้Ÿฉๅ›ฝ้ฆ–ๅฐ”ไธ‰ๆ˜Ÿ็พŽๆœฏ้ฆ†็ญ‰ใ€‚

Andy Warhol

1928๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1949๋…„ ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์˜ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—… ์ดํ›„ ๋‰ด์š•์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋ณด๊ทธ์™€ ํ•˜ํผ์Šค ๋ฐ”์ž๊ฐ™์€ ์žก์ง€ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์—… ๊ด‘ ๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1952๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ํœด๊ณ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ฐ ๋’ค, 1956๋…„ MoMA์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์ „์‹œ๋กœ 2002๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋ชจ๋˜, 2003๋…„ ๋‰ด ์š• ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2006๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๊ฐ€๊ณ ์‹œ์•ˆ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2007๋…„ ์„œ์šธ ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ฆฌ์›€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์ „์‹œ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

1967๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์“ฐ์ดจ์„ฑ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1989๋…„ ์“ฐ์ดจ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1998๋…„ ํ•ญ์ €์šฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋ฌผํ™”๋Œ€์ „์—์„œ 2๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , 2006๋…„ ์ƒํ•˜์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง• ์•„๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ถฉ์นญ๊ณผ ๋ถ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Chen LianQing ้™ณ่ฏๆ…ถ ์ฒœ ๋ฆฌ์—”์นญ

ๅฎ‰่ฟชยทๆฒƒ้œ็ˆพ ์•ค๋”” ์›Œํ™€ Born in 1940 in Tokyo, Japan. He instructed at Chiba University with a major in photography and film-making and acquired a M.A. in department of engineering at Chiba University as well. He is arguably the greatest living japenese photographer, and certainly its most controversial. His inexhaustible creative energy is attested to by the more than 300 books he has published in the last four decades, while his work, which often challenges social taboos surrounding sex and death, has drawn critical attention both at home and abroad. In 2006, he held the exhibition at P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center, New York titled โ€˜Into me / out of meโ€™, at Barbican Art Gallery, London, entitled โ€˜Seduced: Art and Sex from Antiquity to nowโ€™ in 2007. He also opened solo show โ€˜Nobuyoshi Araki โ€“ Kinbakuโ€™ at Galerie Jablonka, Berlin in 2008.

Born in Busan in 1980, she graduated from the college of art at Dongeui University in 2003. Starting with her first solo exhibition in 2001, she had 4 solo exhibitions and participated in 10 group exhibitions. She exhibited her works for several international art fairs including Art Chicago in 2004 and gained attention and favorable critique. Her denim landscapes have been are also popular in numerous auctions. 1980ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹้‡œๅฑฑ๏ผŒ2003ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๆฑ็พฉๅคงๅญธ็พŽ่ก“็ณปใ€‚่‡ช2001ๅนด่ˆ‰่พฆๅ€‹ไบบๅฑ•ไปฅไพ†๏ผŒ่‡ณไปŠๅทฒ็ถ“่ˆ‰่พฆ้Ž4ๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบๅฑ•ๅ’Œ10ๅคšๆฌก่ฏๅฑ•ใ€‚2004ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹้™ธ็บŒๅนพ ๆฌกๅƒๅŠ ไบ†่ŠๅŠ ๅ“ฅ่—่ก“็ฏ€็ญ‰ๅœ‹้š›่—่ก“็ฏ€๏ผŒๅ—ๅˆฐ่ง€็œพ็š„ไธ€่‡ดๅฅฝ่ฉ•ๅ’Œ้—œๆณจ๏ผŒ้€™ไฝๅนด่ผ•็•ซๅฎถ็š„ไฝœๅ“้€š้Žๆตทๅค–็ซถๆ‹่€Œๅœจๅœ‹้š›ไธŠๅปฃๅ—้—œๆณจๅ’Œๅ–œๆ„›ใ€‚

1980๋…„ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2003๋…„ ๋™์˜๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๊ณ , 2001๋…„ ์ฒซ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „ ์ดํ›„ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 4์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „, 10์—ฌ ํšŒ์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2004๋…„๋ถ€ ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ์ œ ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด์— ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ถœํ’ˆํ•ด ํ˜ธํ‰๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ•ด์™ธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

1940ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๆ—ฅๆœฌๆฑไบฌ. ๅœจๅƒ่‘‰ๅคงๅญธๅ–ๅพ—ๆ”ๅฝฑๅ’Œๅฝฑๅƒ็š„ๅญธๅฃซๅญธไฝไน‹ๅพŒ, ๅˆๅœจๅทฅๅญธ้™ขๅ–ๅพ—็ขฉๅฃซๅญธไฝ. ไป–ๆ˜ฏๆ—ฅๆœฌๆœ€ๅฏŒ็ˆญ่ญฐๆ€ง็š„ๆ”ๅฝฑๅธซไน‹ไธ€, ้ŽๅŽปๅ››ๅๅนดๅ‡บ็‰ˆไบ† ไธ‰็™พๅคš็จฎ็š„ๆ›ธ็ฑ, ๅœจๅœจ่ญ‰ๆ˜Žไป–ไธ็Ÿฅ็†„ๆป…็š„ๅ‰ตๆ„็†ฑๆƒ….ไป–ๅธธๅธธ่ฃฝไฝœไปฅๆ€งๅ’Œๆญปไบก็‚บไธป้กŒ็š„ไฝœๅ“, ๆŠŠ็คพๆœƒไธญ่ซธ่ˆฌ็š„็ฆๅฟŒ่กจ้”ๅ‡บไพ†.ไป–ๅœจ 2006ๅนด็ด็ด„็š„ P.S.1 ็พไปฃ ็พŽ่ก“้คจ, ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ใ€Œinto me / out of meใ€ๅฑ•, 2007ๅนดๅœจๅ€ซๆ•ฆ็š„ๅทดๆฏ”่‚ฏ็พŽ่ก“้คจ, ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ใ€ŒSeduced : Art and Sex from Antiquity to nowใ€ๅฑ•, 2008ๅนดๅœจ ๆŸๆž—็š„ๅ˜‰ๅธƒ้พๅก็•ซๅปŠ, ไนŸ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ใ€ŒNobuyoshi Araki โ€“ Kinbakuใ€ๅฑ•

Araki Nobuyoshi ่’ๆœจยท็ถ“ๆƒŸ ์•„๋ผํ‚ค ๋…ธ๋ถ€์š”์‹œ

1940๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋„์ฟ„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐ”๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ, ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€์—์„œ ์„์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์‹ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์น  ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 40์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ถœํŒ๋œ 300์—ฌ๊ถŒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฑ…๋“ค๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2006๋…„ โ€˜Into me/out of meโ€™์ „์„ ๋‰ด์š• P.S.1 ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ 2007๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋น„์นธ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ โ€˜Seduced: Art and Sex from Antiquity to nowโ€™ ์ „์„, 2008๋…„ โ€˜Nobuyoshi Arakiโ€“Kinbakuโ€™ ์ „์„ ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋ธ”๋ก ์นด์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Choi SoYoung ๅด”็ด ๆฆฎ ์ตœ์†Œ์˜

Arman was born in 1828 in Nice, France, and studied at the ร‰cole Nationale des Arts Dรฉcoratifs in Nice and the Ecole de Louvre in Paris. Using โ€œaccumulationโ€ as a concept, he created serial works by accumulating the same object in large quantities. The everyday objects found in his work are symbols for the artist of the irrationality of consumption culture. His work is also known for its partial deconstruction and rearrangement of objects like typewriters and violins. Arman joined Fauvism and Post-Cubism movements at first, but went on to found Rรฉalitรฉs Nouvelles along with Yves Klein and Pierre Restany. Many solo exhibitions have been held of his work. A retrospective of his work was held in London at Le Violin Bleu in 2008.

Born in 1920, in Xiaoxian, Jiangsu Province, China, Chu graduated in 1941 from the National Academy of Arts in Hangzhou. Strongly influenced by the work of the abstract painter, Nicholas de Stael, Chu developed an innovative way to express his creativity through lyrical abstraction. Major retrospectives of his works were held both at the National Museum of History in Taipei and the Taiwan Arts Museum in Taichung in 1987. His most recent touring retrospective was organized by the French Ministry of Culture and shown at venues throughout Asia, including the Chinese Art Museum in Beijing, the Hong Kong Arts Center and the Taipei Fine Arts Museum. 1921ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผๆฑŸ่˜‡็ดน่ˆˆ๏ผŒ1941ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๆญๅทž่—ๅฐˆ๏ผŒๅพŒๅ—่˜ๆ–ผๅ—ไบฌไธญๅคฎๅคงๅญธไปปๆ•™็นช็•ซ๏ผŒ่ˆ‡ๅŠๅœ‹็ซ‹ๅฐ็ฃๅธซ็ฏ„ๅคงๅญธใ€‚ไป–ๅ—ๅˆฐ่ฅฟๆ–นๆŠฝ่ฑกๅคงๅธซๅฐผๅคๆ‹‰ๆ–ฏๅพทๆ–ฏ็‰น็ˆพ ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ๏ผŒ็™ผๅฑ•ๅ‡บ็ ดๆ ผๅ‰ตๆ–ฐ็š„่—่ก“้ขจๆ ผ๏ผŒไปฅ่ฉฉๆ„ๅผๆŠฝ่ฑก่กจ้”่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๅ‰ตๆ„ใ€‚ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ–ผๅœ‹้š›้–“ๅปฃๆณ›ๅฑ•ๅ‡บ๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ1987ๅนดๅฐๅŒ—ๅœ‹็ซ‹ๆญทๅฒๅš็‰ฉ้คจๅŠๅฐไธญๅœ‹็ซ‹ๅฐ็ฃ็พŽ ่ก“้คจไน‹่—่ก“ๅฎถๅ€‹ๅฑ•ใ€‚่ฟ‘ๅนด๏ผŒๆณ•ๅœ‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–้ƒจ็‚บไป–่ˆ‰่กŒๅทก่ฟดๅ€‹ๅฑ•๏ผŒๅฑ•ๅ‡บๅœฐ้ปžๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๅŒ—ไบฌไธญๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€้ฆ™ๆธฏ่—่ก“ไธญๅฟƒๅŠๅฐๅŒ—ๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€‚

1828ๅนดไป–ๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๅทด้ปŽใ€‚ๅ‰ๅพŒๅœจๅฐผๆ–ฏๅœ‹็ซ‹่ฃ้ฃพ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธๆ ก่ˆ‡ๅทด้ปŽEcole de Louvreๅญธ็ฟ’็นช็•ซใ€‚ๅพŒไพ†ไป–ๅ‰ตไฝœไบ†ๅ †็ฉๅคง้‡็‰ฉๅ“็š„โ€œ็ฉ็ดฏ๏ผˆAccumulation๏ผ‰โ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟต็ณป ๅˆ—ไฝœใ€‚ไป–ๆŠŠๆ—ฅๅธธ็”จๅ“ๅ †็ฉๅœจไธ€่ตท๏ผŒ่ฑกๅพๆ€งๅœฐๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บๆถˆ่ฒปๆ–‡ๆ˜Žๅธถไพ†็š„ๅๆ–‡ๆ˜ŽๅŒ–็š„ไธๅˆ็†ๆ€งใ€‚ๅฆๅค–๏ผŒไป–้‚„่งฃ้ซ”้ต็›ค็š„ไธ€้ƒจๅˆ†ๆˆ–ๅฐๆ็ด็ญ‰ๆจ‚ๅ™จ็š„ไธ€้ƒจๅˆ†๏ผŒ้‡ ๆ–ฐ็ต„ๅˆๆˆ่€ณ็›ฎไธ€ๆ–ฐ็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚ๅ‰ตไฝœๅˆๆœŸ๏ผŒไป–่ตฐ้‡Ž็ธๆดพ๏ผˆFauvism๏ผ‰่ทฏ็ทšใ€‚ๅˆฐ1960ๅนด๏ผŒไป–่ˆ‡ไผŠๅคซยทๅ…‹่Šๅ› ๅŠ็šฎๅŸƒ็ˆพยท้›ทๆ–ฏๅก”ๅฐผ็ญ‰ไบบๆˆ็ซ‹ไบ†โ€œๆ„Ÿ็Ÿฅ้ ˜ๅŸŸโ€ใ€‚ไป–ๆ›พ ๅคšๆฌกๅƒๅŠ ไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒ2008ๅนดๅ€ซๆ•ฆLe Violin Bleu่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†้˜ฟๆ›ผไฝœๅ“ๅ›ž้กงๅฑ•ใ€‚

Armand Pierre Fernandez ้˜ฟๆ›ผยท็šฎๅŸƒ็ˆพยทๅผ—ๅ—ๅพ— ์•„๋ฅด๋ง ํ”ผ์—๋ฅด ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‚ญ๋ฐ

1828๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋‹ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์ถœ์ƒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์žฅ์‹๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต์™€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—๊ผด๋“œ๋ฃจ๋ธŒ๋ฅด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. โ€œAccumulation(์ถ•์ )โ€ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ปจ์…‰ํŠธ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋†“์€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํƒ„์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฌธ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฌธ๋ช…์  ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํƒ€์ดํ”„๋ผ์ด ํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•ด์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์‹œํ‚จ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํฌ๋น„์ฆ˜(Fauvism) ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ ํ๋น„์ฆ˜์— ๋™์กฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ 1960๋…„ ์ด๋ธŒ ํด๋žญ๊ณผ ํ”ผ์— ๋ฅด ๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€๋‹ˆ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋ˆ„๋ณด ๋ ˆ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , 2008๋…„ ์•„๋ฅด๋ง์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „์ด ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ Le Violin Bleu์—์„œ ์—ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.

Chu TehChun (Zhu DeQun)

ๆœฑๅพท็พค ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ

In 1996, he was awarded the Commandeur dans lโ€™ordre des Arts et Lettres by the Minister of Culture in France and won the 2006 Robert Jacobson Prize for sculpture from the Wรผrth Stiftung in Germany. He also held a solo exhibition at the Pompidou Center in 2002. His works are displayed in over 60 prestigious museums around the world, including the Pompidou Center in Paris and the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and in major public spaces around the world, such as the Eiffel Tower and La Defense in Paris, the Square of Bordeaux in Strasbourg, and Urania Square in Berlin.

Born in 1944, he graduated from Hongik University with major in Painting in 1968 and completed his graduate studies at Philadelphia College of Art in 1971. Starting with his first solo exhibition at Seoul Cultural Center Gallery in 1968, he had several solo exhibitions at Lotus Gallery, New York in 1975, โ€˜Artist of the Yearโ€™ exhibition at the National Museum of Contemporary Art, Robert Miller Gallery, New York in 2008. He also participated in some group exhibitions including Seoul International Art Festival in 1995, Hunterdon Museum of Art, New Jersey in 2001, Albright-Knox Art Gallery in 2004, I-MYU Projects, London in 2008 and Gallery Yeh in 2009. He had an invitational exhibition at Mori Art Museum in 2009.

1941ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๆณ•ๅœ‹้˜ฟ็ˆพๅ‘ๆ–ฏ็š„ๆ™ฎ็พ…ๆ—บๆ–ฏ๏ผŒ1958ๅนด้€ฒๅ…ฅๅฐผๆ–ฏๅธ‚็ซ‹่—่ก“ๅญธๆ กๅญธ็ฟ’๏ผŒ1959ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจๅฐผๆ–ฏๅธ‚็ซ‹ๆญŒๅŠ‡้™ขๅพžไบ‹่ˆžๅฐ่จญ่จˆๅธซๅŠฉ็†็š„ๅทฅไฝœ๏ผŒ้€™ๆœŸ้–“ ๅ—ๅˆฐไฟ็พ…ยทๅ…‹ๅˆฉ็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‘ˆ็พๅ‡บ้ขจๆ ผๅŒ–็นช็•ซ็š„ๅ‚พๅ‘ใ€‚1964ๅนด่ˆ‡ๆ–ฐๅฏซๅฏฆไธป็พฉ่—่ก“ๅฎถใ€ๆณขๆ™ฎ่—่ก“ๅฎถๅ€‘่ฏๅˆๅƒๅŠ ไบ†ๅœจๅทด้ปŽ่ฟ‘ไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„โ€œSalon Comparaisonsโ€ๅฑ•่ฆฝ๏ผŒ1968ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจ็ด็ด„ๅพžไบ‹ๅ‰ตไฝœๆดปๅ‹•ใ€‚ๅพŒไพ†๏ผŒ้™ธ็บŒ็™ผ่กจไบ†ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ<ไธ็ขบๅฎš็š„็ทš Indeterminate Line>ๅœจๅ…ง็š„ๅ„็จฎๆฅตๅ…ท็จๅ‰ตๆ€ง็š„ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒ 1996ๅนดๆฆฎ็ฒไบ†ๆณ•ๅœ‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–้ƒจ้ ’็™ผ็š„ๆ–‡่—ๅ‹ณ็ซ ๏ผŒ2002ๅนดๅœจๅทด้ปŽ็š„่“ฌ็šฎๆœไธญๅฟƒ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅ€‹ไบบ่กจๆผ”ไน‹ๅคœ็ญ‰็ฉๆฅตๅœฐๆดป่บๅœจ่—่ก“่ˆžๅฐไธŠใ€‚2006ๅนด้‚„็ฒๅพ—ไบ†็”ฑๅพทๅœ‹ๆ–‡ ่—ๆŒฏ่ˆˆๅŸบ้‡‘้ ’็™ผ็š„้›•ๅˆป้ƒจ้–€็พ…ไผฏ็‰นยท้›…ๅ…‹ๅธƒๆฃฎ็Žใ€‚ๅฆ‚ไปŠ๏ผŒ่ฒ็ด็š„ไฝœๅ“่ขซๆ”ถ่—ๆ–ผๆณ•ๅœ‹่“ฌ็šฎๆœไธญๅฟƒใ€็พŽๅœ‹็ด็ด„็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ็ญ‰ไธ–็•Œ็Ÿฅๅ็š„60ๅคšๆ‰€็พŽ่ก“้คจ๏ผŒ่€Œ ไธ”ๅœจๅทด้ปŽ็š„ๅŸƒ่ฒ็ˆพ้ตๅก”ๅ’Œๆ‹‰ๅพท่Šณๆ–ฏใ€ๆ–ฏ็‰นๆ‹‰ๆ–ฏๅ ก็š„ๆณข็ˆพๅคšๅปฃๅ ดใ€ๅพทๅœ‹ๆŸๆž—็š„็ƒๆ‹‰ๅฐผไบžๅปฃๅ ด็ญ‰ไธ–็•Œไธป่ฆ็š„ๅ…ฌๅ…ฑๅ ดๆ‰€ไนŸ่ƒฝๆฌฃ่ณžๅˆฐไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚

Bernar Venet ่ด็บณยท็ปดๅฐผ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋‚˜๋ฅด ๋ธŒ๋„ค

Bill Thompson ๆฏ”็ˆพยทๆนฏๆ™ฎๆฃฎ ๋นŒ ํƒ์Šจ

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1941๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1958๋…„ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์‹œ๋ฆฝ์˜ˆ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ•˜๊ณ , ํด ํด๋ ˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์–‘์‹ํ™”๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1964๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ โ€œSalon Comparaisonsโ€ ์ „์‹œ์— ๋ˆ„๋ณด๋ ˆ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ, ํŒ์•„ํŠธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  1968๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ <๋น„๊ฒฐ์ •์  ์„ , Indeterminate Line>์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ 1996๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์˜ˆํ›ˆ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ  2002๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํํ”ผ๋‘์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์†”๋กœ ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค์˜ ๋ฐค์„ ์—ด ๋ฉฐ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋‹ค. 2006๋…„์—๋Š” ๋…์ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์˜ˆ์ง„ํฅ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์ œ์ด์ฝฅ์Šจ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

1920๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ง€์•™์ˆ˜ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์€ 1941๋…„ ํ•ญ์ฃผ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ƒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค ๋“œ ์Šคํƒ€์—˜์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฃผ ๋”์ทฌ์€ ์„œ์ • ์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. 1987๋…„ ํƒ€์ดํŽ˜์ด ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€๊ณผ ํƒ€์ด์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋งŒ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „์ด ์—ด๋ ธ ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ฌธํ™”๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ตœํ•œ ์ˆœํšŒ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „์ด ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, ํ™์ฝฉ์•„ํŠธ์„ผํ„ฐ, ํƒ€์ดํŽ˜์ด๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ๅ…จๅ…‰ๆฆฎ1944ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹๏ผŒ1968ๅนดๆ–ผ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธ็นช็•ซ็ณป็•ขๆฅญๅพŒ๏ผŒ1971ๅนดๆ–ผ็พŽๅœ‹่ฒปๅŸŽ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ขๅ–ๅพ—็นช็•ซ็พŽ่ก“็ขฉๅฃซๅญธไฝใ€‚1969ๅนด๏ผŒๅ…จๆฐๅ…ฅ้ธ็ฌฌ18ๅฑ†้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ ่—่ก“ๅฑ•๏ผŒไธฆ็ฒๅพ—็‰นๅˆฅๅ…ฅ้ธไฝœๅ“็Ž๏ผŒ1974ๅนดๆ–ผ็ฌฌ27ๅฑ†่‹ฑๅœ‹ๆ ผ็พ…ๆ–ฏ็‰น็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“ๅฑ•่ดๅพ—้Š€็Žใ€‚ไป–ไบฆ็ฉๆฅตๅƒ่ˆ‡ๅ„ๅคง่—่ก“ๅš่ฆฝๆœƒ๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ้ฆ–็ˆพๅœ‹้š›่—่ก“ๅš่ฆฝๆœƒใ€็ด ็ด„่—่ก“ๅš่ฆฝๆœƒ๏ผŒไปฅๅŠๅƒ่ˆ‡็”ฑ้ฆ–็ˆพๅœ‹้š›็•ถไปฃ่—่ก“ๅš่ฆฝๆœƒ๏ผˆ1995ๅนด๏ผ‰ใ€‚ไป–ไบฆๅƒ่ˆ‡็พŽๅœ‹้Ÿ“็‰น้ “็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ๏ผˆ2001ๅนด๏ผ‰ใ€Albright Knox่—ๅปŠ๏ผˆ2004ๅนด๏ผ‰ใ€ๅ€ซๆ•ฆI-MYU ่—ๅปŠ๏ผˆ2008ๅนด๏ผ‰๏ผŒไปฅๅŠ2009ๅนดYeh่—ๅปŠ๏ผˆ2008ๅนด๏ผ‰่ˆ‰่พฆไน‹่ฏๅฑ•ใ€‚

Chun KwangYoung

1944๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1968๋…„ ํ™์ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ์™€ 1971๋…„ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1969๋…„ ์ œ18ํšŒ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๊ตญ์ „ ํŠน์„ , 1974๋…„ ์ฒผํŠผํ–„ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ „ ์€์ƒ, 2009๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1995๋…„ ๊ตญ์ œํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ œ, 2001๋…„ ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ํ—Œํ„ฐ๋“ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2004๋…„ ์˜ฌ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ๋…น์Šค๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2008๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ ๋˜์˜ I-MYU Projects ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , 2009๋…„ ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ดˆ๋Œ€์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค.

ๅ…จๅ…‰่ฃ ์ „๊ด‘์˜

Born in 1957 in Massachusetts, U.S., Bill Thompson started studying art at Emmanuel College in Boston in 1965 and entered Carnegie Mellon University in 1975, where he studied painting and sculpture. Thompson has joined various exhibitions every year since his first exhibition at the Mills Gallery in Boston in 1987. Also, since 2000, he has had several solo exhibitions in Korea. He made his New York debut at the In Khan Gallery in Soho in 1997. He continues to work actively, presenting exhibitions in various nations, including Britain, Germany, Spain, and Korea, as well as the U.S.

Born in 1927, the artist graduated from the college of arts at Seoul National University majoring in painting in 1951. He was awarded the Order of Culture Merit, Magnolia in 1993, the Grand Prize from the 3rd Joongang Culture Award and the Invited Artist Award from the National Art Exhibition of Korea. Starting with participating in Youth Biennale, Paris in 1961, he actively participated in numerous international group exhibitions in the U.S, France, India, Italy, Japan, the U.K. and China. He also held about 10 solo exhibitions. He is currently serving as an honorary professor at Seoul National University.

ๆฏ”็ˆพยทๆนฏๆ™ฎๆฃฎ1957ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผ็พŽๅœ‹๏ผŒ1965ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจๆณขๆ–ฏ้ “็š„ไปฅ็‘ชๅˆฉๅญธ้™ขๅญธ็ฟ’็พŽ่ก“๏ผŒ1975ๅนด่€ƒๅ…ฅๅกๅ…งๅŸบๆข…้š†ๅคงๅญธๅญธ็ฟ’็นช็•ซๅ’Œ้›•ๅˆปใ€‚1987ๅนด้ฆ–ๆฌกๅƒๅŠ ๆณขๅฃซ ้ “็ฑณ็ˆพๆ–ฏ็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒๅพžๆญคไปฅๅพŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๆฏๅนดๅƒๅŠ ๅ„็จฎๅฑ•่ฆฝ๏ผŒ2000ๅนดไปฅๅพŒ้‚„ๅœจๅœ‹ๅ…ง่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅคšๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•ใ€‚1997ๅนดๅœจ็ด็ด„SOHO็š„INKHAN็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰ ่พฆไบ†้ฆ–ๆฌก็ด็ด„็•ซๅฑ•๏ผŒไธฆๅœจ็พŽๅœ‹ใ€่‹ฑๅœ‹ใ€ๅพทๅœ‹ใ€่ฅฟ็ญ็‰™ใ€้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็ญ‰ๅ„ๅ€‹ๅœ‹ๅฎถๅ’Œๅœฐๅ€่ˆ‰่พฆ็•ซๅฑ•๏ผŒไธๆ–ท้€ฒ่กŒ่—่ก“ๅ‰ตไฝœใ€‚

1927ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿ๏ผŒ1951ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพๅคงๅญธ็นช็•ซ็ณปใ€‚ๆ›พๆฆฎ็ฒ1993ๅนดๅœ‹ๆฐ‘ๅ‹ณ็ซ ๆœจ่“ฎ็Žใ€็ฌฌไธ‰ๅฑ†ไธญๅคฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๅคง็Žใ€ๅœ‹ๅฑ•็ฌฌไธ€ไปฃ็•ซๅฎถ็Ž็ญ‰ๆฎŠๆฆฎใ€‚็นผ1961ๅนดๅƒๅŠ ๅทด้ปŽ ้’ๅนด้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ไน‹ๅพŒ๏ผŒๅ…ˆๅพŒๅƒๅŠ ไบ†ๅœจ็พŽๅœ‹ใ€ๆณ•ๅœ‹ใ€ๅฐๅบฆใ€ๆ„ๅคงๅˆฉใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใ€่‹ฑๅœ‹ใ€ไธญๅœ‹็ญ‰ๅœ‹ๅฎถ่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„ๅ„็จฎ่ฏๅฑ•ๅ’Œๅœ‹้š›็•ซๅฑ•๏ผŒไธฆๅœจ้ฆ–็ˆพใ€้‡œๅฑฑใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใ€็‘žๅฃซใ€ ็พŽๅœ‹็ญ‰ๅœ‹ๅฎถๅ’Œๅœฐๅ€่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅๅคšๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบ็•ซๅฑ•ใ€‚็›ฎๅ‰ๅ—่˜็ˆฒ้ฆ–็ˆพๅคงๅญธๅ่ญฝๆ•™ๆŽˆใ€‚

1957๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1965๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค์˜ ์— ๋งˆ๋‰ด์—˜ ์ปฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1975๋…„ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ๋ฉœ๋ก ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํŽ˜์ธํŒ…๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1987๋…„ ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค์˜ Mills Gallery์˜ ์ „์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋งคํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „์‹œ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 2000๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1997๋…„ ์†Œํ˜ธ์˜ ์ธ์นธ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋‰ด์š• ์ฒซ ๋ฐ๋ท”์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜๊ตญ, ๋…์ผ, ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ž‘์—…ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

1927๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1951๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1993๋…„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผํ›ˆ์žฅ ๋ชฉ๋ จ์žฅ, ์ œ3ํšŒ ์ค‘์•™๋ฌธํ™”๋Œ€์ƒ, ๊ตญ์ „ ์ดˆ๋Œ€์ž‘๊ฐ€์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1961๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ฒญ๋…„ ๋น„์—” ๋‚ ๋ ˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ์ธ๋„, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ผ๋ณธ, ์˜๊ตญ, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋“ฑ์ง€์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋‹จ์ฒดยท๊ตญ์ œ์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ, ์ผ๋ณธ, ์Šค์œ„์Šค, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ์ง€์—์„œ ์‹ญ์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Chung ChangSup ไธๆ˜Œ็‡ฎ ์ •์ฐฝ์„ญ

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Born in 1932, he graduated from the college of fine arts at Seoul National University majoring in painting in 1956. Since 1967, he has worked in France, Japan and Korea. Starting with the exhibition at Seoul Central Public Information Office in 1962, he had numerous solo exhibitions in and out of Korea including at Bergheim Culture Institute, Germany in 1980, Korean Cultural Service Paris in 1982, Shirota Gallery, Tokyo in 1992, Won Gallery in 1998, Hakgojae Gallery in 2007 and Gallery Hyundai in 2009. Furthermore, he actively participated in the international art fairs and group exhibitions including the exhibition titled โ€˜Actuelleโ€™ from 1962 to 1964, Sรฃo Paulo Biennale in 1967, Cannes International Painting Festival in 1980 and โ€™50 Years of Contemporary Korean Artโ€™ at Gallery Hyundai in 2000.

Born in Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do in 1935, the artist graduated from Hongik University studying Painting in 1959. He was awarded the Grand Prize at the 7th Korea Fine Arts Award in 1980, Korea Culture and Art Award in 1987 and Seoul Cultural Award in 1999. He had numerous solo exhibitions at Gin Gallery, Tokyo in 1972, Park Ryu Sook Gallery in 2001, and Gana Art in 2008. Starting with his first exhibition titled, โ€˜New Paper Formative Arts Exhibitionโ€™, Taiwan in 1955, he participated in several biennales including the 4th and 7th Paris Biennale, the 9th Sรฃo Paulo Biennale, the 7th Tokyo International Printing Exhibition and group exhibition titled, โ€˜100 Korean Contemporary Artists Exhibitionโ€™ at National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea. He served as the director of Seoul Museum of Art from 2003 to 2006 and the joint representative of the Korean Museum Association in 2006. Currently, he serves as an honorary professor of Hongik University.

1932ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿ๏ผŒ1956ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพๅคงๅญธ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข็นช็•ซ็ณปใ€‚ๅพž1967ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๅพ€ไพ†ๆ–ผๆณ•ๅœ‹ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌๅ’Œ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็ญ‰ๅœฐ๏ผŒ็ฉๆฅต้–‹ๅฑ•ๅ‰ตไฝœๆดปๅ‹•ใ€‚็นผ1962ๅนด้ฆ–ๆฌกๅœจ้ฆ–็ˆพไธญๅคฎ ๅ…ฌๅ ฑ้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆๅฑ•่ฆฝไน‹ๅพŒ๏ผŒๅ…ˆๅพŒๆ–ผ1980ๅนดๅœจๅพทๅœ‹็š„่ฒๆผขใ€1982ๅนดๅœจๅทด้ปŽ็š„้Ÿ“ๅœ‹้งๆณ•ๅœ‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–้™ขใ€1992ๅนดๅœจๆ—ฅๆœฌ็š„็™ฝ็”ฐ็•ซๅปŠใ€1998ๅนดๅœจๅ…ƒ็•ซๅปŠใ€2007ๅนดๅœจๅญธ ๅค้ฝ‹ใ€2009ๅนดๅœจ็พไปฃ็•ซๅปŠ็ญ‰่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅ€‹ไบบๅฑ•ใ€‚้™คๆญคไน‹ๅค–๏ผŒ้‚„ๅƒๅŠ ไบ†1962ๅนด่‡ณ1964ๅนด็š„Actuelๅฑ•ใ€1967ๅนด็š„่–ไฟ็พ…้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ใ€1980ๅนด็š„ๆˆ›็ดๅœ‹้š›็นช็•ซ็ฏ€ไปฅ ๅŠ2000ๅนดๅœจ็พไปฃ็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„โ€œ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“ไบ”ๅๅนดๅฑ•โ€็ญ‰ๅคšๆ•ธ้›†้ซ”ๅฑ•ใ€‚

Chung SangHwa ้„ญ็›ธๅ’Œ ์ •์ƒํ™”

Claude Lalanne

1932๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1956๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1967๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ์ผ๋ณธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1962๋…„ ์„œ์šธ์ค‘์•™๊ณต๋ณด๊ด€์—์„œ์˜ ์ „ ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 1982๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ถˆํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ™”์›, 1992๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ ์‹œ๋กœ๋‹คํ™”๋ž‘, 1998๋…„ ์›ํ™”๋ž‘, 2007๋…„ ํ•™๊ณ ์žฌ, 2009๋…„ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ–์—๋„ 1962๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1964๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์•…๋›ฐ์—˜์ „, 1967๋…„ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ, 1980๋…„ ๊น๋Š๊ตญ์ œํšŒํ™”์ œ, 2000๋…„๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ โ€˜ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฏธ์ˆ 50๋…„์ „โ€™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

้”็ฑณๆฉยท่ตซๆ–ฏ็‰น ๋ฐ๋ฏธ์•ˆ ํ—ˆ์ŠคํŠธ

ๆฒณ้พ่ณข ํ•˜์ข…ํ˜„

Jean Cocteau was born into a wealthy family in Maisons-Laffitte near Paris in 1889. One of the most versatile figures in the history of art and literature in France, Jean Cocteau worked actively as a poet, novelist, playwright, designer and filmmaker, and associated with artists in various genres, including P. Picasso and S. Diaghilev. Esteemed for his many talents, Cocteau was made a member of the Acadรฉmie Franรงaise in 1955. The exhibition โ€œJean Cocteau: Spirit of the 20th Century Parisian Sceneโ€ was held at Hong Kong City Hall in 2013 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of his death.

ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ1924ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๅทด้ปŽ๏ผŒๅœจๅทด้ปŽ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ขๅ’Œ่จญ่จˆๅญธ้™ขๅญธ็ฟ’ไบ†ๅปบ็ฏ‰ๅญธใ€‚1952ๅนดๅœจ้ฆ–ๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•โ€œFrancois-Xavier Lalanneโ€ไธŠ้‡ๅˆฐไบ†็พๅœจ ็š„ไธˆๅคซ๏ผŒๅ€†ไบบๅพž1956ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹็›ธไผด่ตฐๅœจ้›•ๅˆปๅ‰ตไฝœ่ทฏไธŠใ€‚1991ๅนดๅฅนๅœจๅทด้ปŽ่‰พๅพทๆ‹่ณฃ่กŒ่ˆ‰่พฆๅ€‹ไบบไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒ่‡ณ2012ๅนด็ˆฒๆญขๅœจ็ด็ด„ไฟ็พ…ๅกๆ–ฏๆ˜Ž็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆ้Žๅคšๆฌก ๅ€‹ไบบไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•ใ€‚2006ๅนด้‚„ๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็š„Park Ryu-Sook็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅ€‹ไบบไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•ใ€‚ๅทด้ปŽ่“ฌ็šฎๆœๅœ‹ๅฎถ่—่ก“ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ไธญๅฟƒ็ญ‰ไธ–็•Œๅคšๅฎถ่‘—ๅ็พŽ่ก“้คจๅ‡ๆ”ถ่—ๅฅน็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚

่ฎ“ยท็ฉ€ๅ…‹ๅคš1889ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๅทด้ปŽ่ฟ‘้ƒŠๆ›ผๆฃฎๆ‹‰ๆ–็‰น็š„ๅฏŒ่ฃ•ๅฎถๅบญใ€‚ไป–้€™ไธ€็”Ÿๅ˜—่ฉฆไบ†้žๅธธๅคšๅ…ƒๅŒ–็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ๏ผŒไป–ๆ—ขๆ˜ฏไธ€ๅ่ฉฉไบบ๏ผŒๅŒๆ™‚ไนŸๆ˜ฏๅฐ่ชชๅฎถใ€ๅŠ‡ไฝœๅฎถใ€่จญ่จˆๅธซ ๅ’Œ้›ปๅฝฑๅฐŽๆผ”ใ€‚ๆ›พ็ถ“ไป–้‚„่ทŸๅ…ถไป–้ ˜ๅŸŸ็š„่—่ก“ๅฎถ็•ขๅŠ ็ดขใ€่ฌ็ˆพ่“‹ยทไฝณๅ‰ๅˆ—ๅคซ็ญ‰้€ฒ่กŒไบคๆตใ€‚ไป–ๆ†‘ๅ€Ÿๅคšๆ‰ๅคš่—ๆˆ็ˆฒๆšๅๅคฉไธ‹็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœไบบใ€‚1955ๅนดๅ—่˜ๆ–ผๆณ•ๅœ‹ๅญธ้™ข ๏ผˆAcadรฉmie Franรงaise๏ผ‰ใ€‚2013ๅนด๏ผŒ้ฆ™ๆธฏๅธ‚ๆ”ฟๅบœ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†็ฉ€ๅ…‹ๅคš50ๅ‘จๅนด็ด€ๅฟตๅฑ•๏ผˆJean Cocteau: Spirit of the 20th Century Parisian Scene๏ผ‰ใ€‚

1924๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—๊ผด๋ฐ๋ณด์ž๋ฅด์—์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ์ „๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1952๋…„ ์ฒซ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „ Francois-Xavier Lalanne์—์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ 1956 ๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์™”๋‹ค. 1991๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์•„ํŠธํ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  2012๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‰ด์š• ํด ์นด์Šค๋ฏผ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” 2006๋…„ ๋ฐ•์—ฌ์ˆ™ํ™”๋ž‘์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํํ”ผ๋‘๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๋“ฑ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋ช… ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ์†Œ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

1889๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ธ, ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€, ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€, ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ, ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ๋… ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™œ๋™์„ ํŽผ์ณค๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ๋ฅด์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ธ”๋กœ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ, ์„ธ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์ด ๋””์•„๊ธธ๋ ˆํ”„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์žฌ๋‹ค๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์–ป์€ ๊ทธ๋Š” 1955๋…„ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ํ”„๋ž‘์„ธ์ฆˆ์— ์ทจ์ž„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ 2013๋…„์—๋Š” ํ™์ฝฉ์—์„œ ์ฝ•ํ† ์˜ 50์ฃผ๋…„ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” <Jean Cocteau: Spirit of the 20th Century Parisian Scene>์ „์ด ์—ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.

Jean Cocteau ่ฎ“ยท็ฉ€ๅ…‹ๅคš ์žฅ ์ฝ•ํ† 

Born in 1965 in Bristol, U.K. he grew up in Leeds and went to Leeds College of Art. From 1986 to 1989 he studied at Goldsmiths College in London. He began receiving attention after the exhibition, โ€œFreeze,โ€ which he planned out with fellow students at Goldsmith in the summer of 1988, and he won the Turner Prize. His major exhibitions occurred in 1997 at the Royal College of Academy, London called โ€œSensationโ€, the Gagosian Gallery, New York in 2000, the White Cube Gallery, London in 2003, Tate Britain, London in 2004 as well as the Saatchi Gallery, Tate Gallery and more. In 2007, he showcased โ€˜Turner Prize Retrospective 1984-2006โ€™ at Tate Britain, London, and he exhibited โ€˜You Dig the Tunnel, Iโ€™ll Hide the Soilโ€™ at White Cube Gallery in London in 2008.

Born in Jeollabuk-do in 1970, he graduated from Hongik University and graduate school majoring in Painting in 1999. He had a solo exhibition in 1997 at the Kwanhoon Gallery, and an Art-World Grand Prize Exhibition at Seoul Museum of Art. He also had solo exhibitions in 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, and 2010. He participated in Melbourne Art Fair in 2004. He also participated in the โ€˜Korean Modern Artists Invitational Exhibitionโ€™, Athens in 2005, the โ€˜Scent of Koreaโ€™ exhibition at Daegu Cultural Arts Center in 2006, and the โ€˜Peony after the Peonyโ€™ exhibition at the Daejeon Museum of Art in 2007. In 2008, his work was presented at the โ€˜Blooming a Thousand Flowersโ€™ exhibition which was as the residential artists of Jang Heung at the Insa Art Center and Gana Art Center in Busan.

้”็ฑณๆฉโˆ™่ตซๆ–ฏ็‰น1965ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ่‹ฑๅœ‹ๅธƒ้‡Œๆ–ฏๆ‰˜๏ผŒๅœจ้‡Œ่Œฒๆˆ้•ท๏ผŒๅ…ฅ่ฎ€้‡Œ่Œฒ่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ขใ€‚1986ๅˆฐ1989ๅนด้–“ๆ–ผๅ€ซๆ•ฆๅคงๅญธ้‡‘ๅŒ ๅญธ้™ขๅฐฑ่ฎ€ใ€‚1988ๅนดๅคๅคฉ๏ผŒไป–่ˆ‡้‡‘ๅŒ ๅญธ้™ข ็š„ๅŒๅญธ็ญ–ๅŠƒไบ†ไธ€ๅ€‹ๅ็‚บใ€Œๅ‡็ตใ€็š„ๅฑ•่ฆฝ๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ—ๅˆฐๆณจ็›ฎใ€‚1995ๅนด็ฒ่‹ฑๅœ‹็•ถไปฃ่—่ก“ๅคง็Ž็‰น็ด็Žใ€‚ไป–ๅ…ˆๅพŒๅœจๅคšๅ€‹ๅœฐๆ–น่ˆ‰่พฆๅฑ•่ฆฝ๏ผŒ1997ๅนดๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ่‹ฑๅœ‹็š‡ๅฎถ่—่ก“ ๅญธ้™ข็š„ใ€Œๆ„Ÿ่ฆบใ€็‰นๅฑ•๏ผŒ็ด็ด„้ซ˜ๅค่ป’่—ๅปŠ (2000ๅนด)๏ผŒๅ€ซๆ•ฆWhite Cube่—ๅปŠ(2003ๅนด)๏ผŒๅ€ซๆ•ฆTate Britain (2004ๅนด)๏ผŒไปฅๅŠSaatchi่—ๅปŠๅŠTate Gallery็ญ‰ใ€‚ 2007ๅนด๏ผŒๅƒ่ˆ‡ไบ†ๆ–ผๅ€ซๆ•ฆTate Britainๅฑ•ๅ‡บ็š„ใ€Œ็‰น็ด็Žๅ›ž้กงๅฑ•1984-2006ใ€๏ผ›2008ๅนด๏ผŒๅœจๅ€ซๆ•ฆWhite Cube่—ๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†โ€œไฝ ๅพ€ๅ‰ๆŒ–๏ผŒๆˆ‘ไพ†่—ๅœŸโ€็š„ๅ€‹ๅฑ•ใ€‚

1970ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๅ…จ็พ…ๅŒ—้“๏ผŒ1999ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธ็พŽ่ก“็ณป,ๅพŒไพ†่ฉฒๆ ก็ ”็ฉถ็”Ÿ็•ขๆฅญใ€‚1997ๅนดๅœจๅฏฌๅ‹ณ็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆๅ€‹ไบบ็•ซๅฑ•๏ผŒๅœจ้ฆ–็ˆพๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†็พŽ่ก“ไธ–็•Œ ๅคง็Žๅฑ•ใ€‚ๅพŒไพ†ๅˆ้™ธ็บŒๅœจ1999ๅนดใ€2001ๅนดใ€2003ๅนดใ€2006ๅนดๅ’Œ2010ๅนด่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅ€‹ไบบๅฑ•๏ผŒ2004ๅนด้‚„ๅƒๅŠ ไบ†ๅขจ็ˆพๆœฌ่—่ก“็ฏ€ใ€‚2005ๅนดๅƒๅŠ ไบ†ๅœจ้›…ๅ…ธ่ˆ‰่กŒ็š„โ€œ้Ÿ“ ๅœ‹็พไปฃไฝœๅฎถ้‚€่ซ‹ๅฑ•โ€๏ผŒ2006ๅนดๅœจๅคง้‚ฑๆ–‡ๅŒ–่—่ก“ๆœƒ้คจๅƒๅŠ ไบ†โ€œ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ไน‹้ฆ™โ€ๅฑ•่ฆฝ๏ผŒ2007ๅนดๅœจๅคง็”ฐๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจๅƒๅŠ ไบ†โ€œ็‰กไธนไปฅๅพŒ็š„็‰กไธนโ€ๅฑ•่ฆฝใ€‚2008ๅนดๅˆๅœจไปๅฏบ ่—่ก“ไธญๅฟƒๅ’Œ้‡œๅฑฑไผฝ้‚ฃ่—่ก“ไธญๅฟƒ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†้•ท่ˆˆๅ…ฅไฝ็•ซๅฎถๅ ฑๅ‘Šๅฑ•โ€œ็ถป้–‹ไธ€ๅƒๆœต่Šฑโ€ใ€‚

1965๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ†จ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ 1986๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1989๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๊ณจ๋“œ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1988๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๊ณจ๋“œ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐํšํ•œ โ€˜ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ฆˆโ€™ ์ „์„ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ YBA(Young British Artists)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์˜๊ตญ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. 1997๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์—ด ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ โ€˜Sensationโ€™์ „์‹œํšŒ, 2000๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๊ฐ€๊ณ ์‹œ์•ˆ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2003๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ํ™”์ดํŠธํ๋ธŒ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2004๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌํŠผ, ์‚ฌ์น˜๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ „์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2007๋…„ ํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌํŠผ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ โ€˜1984-2006 ํ„ฐ๋„ˆ์ƒ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „โ€™, 2008๋…„ ํ™”์ดํŠธํ๋ธŒ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ โ€˜You Dig the Tunnel, Iโ€™ll Hide the Soilโ€™ ์ „์‹œ ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Jeong MyoungJo ้„ญๆ˜Ž็ฅš ์ •๋ช…์กฐ

David Gerstein studied at the Bezalel Academy in Jerusalem, the Ecole Superieure des Beaux Art in Paris, and the Arts Students League in New York. Famous for his cutout works made of metal or wood, Gerstein has drawn attention worldwide for his painting-like sculptures and sculpturelike paintings. He has held exhibitions throughout Israel and in major cities like Paris, London, and New York.

David Gerstein

1935๋…„ ๊ฒฝ๋‚จ ์‚ฐ์ฒญ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1959๋…„ ํ™์ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1980๋…„ ์ œ7ํšŒ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ „ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ 1987๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ƒ, 1999๋…„์— ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ƒ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1972๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ Ginํ™”๋ž‘๊ณผ 2001๋…„ ๋ฐ•์—ฌ์ˆ™ํ™”๋ž‘, 2008๋…„ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•„ํŠธ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. 1955๋…„ ๋Œ€๋งŒ์—์„œ โ€˜์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์ด ์กฐํ˜•์ „โ€™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ ๋กœ ์ œ4ํšŒ, ์ œ7ํšŒ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ์™€ ์ œ9ํšŒ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ, ์ œ7ํšŒ ๋™๊ฒฝ๊ตญ์ œํŒํ™”์ „๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ โ€˜ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜„๋Œ€์ž‘๊ฐ€ 100์ธโ€™์ „ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Born in 1924 in Paris, France, Claude Lalanne studied sculpure at the ร‰cole des Beaux-Arts, Arts Dรฉcoratifs. After her first solo exhibition in 1952, she married Francois-Xavier Lalanne. The two began producing sculptural works together in 1956. A solo exhibition of her work was held in 1991 at the Artcurial Gallery in Paris, and many solo shows of her work were held at the Paul Kasmin Gallery in New York until 2012. She made her debut in Korea in 2006 with a solo show at the Park Ryu-Sook Gallery. He works are included in the collections of many prestigious galleries and museums around the world.

ๅ…‹ๅ‹žๅพทยทๆ‹‰่Šๆฉ ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ผ๋ž€๋Š

Damien Hirst

Ha ChongHyun

1935ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๆ…ถๅฐšๅ—้“ๅฑฑๆธ…้ƒก๏ผŒ1959ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธ็นช็•ซ็ณปใ€‚1989ๅนด็ฒๅพ—็ฌฌไธƒๅฑ†้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“ๅคง็Žๅฑ•ๅคง็Ž๏ผŒ1987ๅนด็ฒๅพ—ๅคง้Ÿ“ๆฐ‘ๅœ‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–่—่ก“็Ž๏ผŒ1999ๅนด ็ฒๅพ—้ฆ–็ˆพๅธ‚ๆ–‡ๅŒ–็Ž็ญ‰ๅคš้ …ๆฎŠๆฆฎ๏ผŒไธฆๆ–ผ1972ๅนดๅœจๆ—ฅๆœฌ็š„Gin็•ซๅปŠใ€2001ๅนดๅœจๆจธๅฆ‚็ง€(้Ÿณ่ญฏ)็•ซๅปŠใ€2008ๅนดๅœจไผฝ็ด่—่ก“ไธญๅฟƒ็ญ‰่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅคšๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบ็•ซๅฑ•ใ€‚็นผ1955 ๅนดๅƒๅŠ ไบ†ๅœจๅฐ็ฃ่ˆ‰่กŒ็š„โ€œๆ–ฐ็ด™ๅผต้€ ๅž‹ๅฑ•โ€ๅพŒ๏ผŒๅ…ˆๅพŒๅƒๅŠ ไบ†็ฌฌๅ››ๅฑ†ๅ’Œ็ฌฌไธƒๅฑ†ๅทด้ปŽ้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ใ€็ฌฌไนๅฑ†่–ไฟ็พ…้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ใ€็ฌฌไธƒๅฑ†ๆฑไบฌๅœ‹้š›็‰ˆ็•ซๅฑ•ไปฅๅŠ็”ฑๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„โ€œ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พไปฃ็•ซๅฎถ100ไบบโ€ๅฑ•็ญ‰ๅคšๆ•ธ็š„้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ใ€‚ๅพž2003ๅนดๅˆฐ2006ๅนดๆ›พๆ“”ไปป้ฆ–็ˆพๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจ้คจ้•ท๏ผŒ2006ๅนดๆ“”ไปป้ฆ–็ˆพๅธ‚ๅš็‰ฉ้คจ็พŽ่ก“้คจๅ”ๆœƒ่ฏๅˆไปฃ ่กจใ€‚็›ฎๅ‰ๅ—่˜็ˆฒๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธๅ่ญฝๆ•™ๆŽˆ๏ผŒ่‡ดๅŠ›ๆ–ผๅŸน้คŠ่—่ก“ไบบๆ‰ใ€‚

1970๋…„ ์ „๋ถ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1999๋…„ ํ™์ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์„ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1997๋…„ ๊ด€ํ›ˆ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „, ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2010๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ  2004๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ฉœ๋ฒ„๋ฅธ ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2005๋…„์—๋Š” ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์—์„œ โ€˜ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜„๋Œ€์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋Œ€์ „โ€™ 2006๋…„ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ํ™” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ํšŒ๊ด€์—์„œ โ€˜ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐโ€™์ „, 2007๋…„ ๋Œ€์ „์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ โ€˜๋ชจ๋ž€ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž€โ€™์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2008๋…„์—๋Š” ์žฅํฅ ์ž…์ฃผ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ „์ธ โ€˜์ฒœ์†ก์ด ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ”ผ์šฐ์žโ€™์ „ ์„ ์ธ์‚ฌ์•„ํŠธ์„ผํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•„ํŠธ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค.

ๆˆด็ถญยท่‘›็ˆพๆ–ฏๅฆๆ›พๅฐฑ่ฎ€ๆ–ผ่€ถ่ทฏๆ’’ๅ†ท็š„่ฒ็ดฎ้›ท่—่ก“่ˆ‡่จญ่จˆใ€ๅทด้ปŽ้ซ˜็ญ‰็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ขใ€็ด็ด„่—่ก“ๅญธ็”ŸๅŒ็›Ÿ็ญ‰็Ÿฅๅ้™ขๆ กใ€‚ไป–ไปฅ้‡‡็”จ้‡‘ๅฑฌ็‰‡ๅ’Œๆœจ้ ญ็ˆฒ็ด ๆ็š„ๅ‰ช้›•ไฝœ ๅ“่€Œ่žๅ๏ผŒ็นช็•ซ่ˆฌ็š„้›•ๅˆป๏ผŒ้›•ๅˆปไผผ็š„็นช็•ซๆ˜ฏไป–็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœ็‰น้ปžใ€‚่‘›็ˆพๆ–ฏๅฆ็ถ“ๅธธๅœจไปฅ่‰ฒๅˆ—ๅ’Œๅทด้ปŽใ€ๅ€ซๆ•ฆใ€็ด็ด„็ญ‰ๅœฐๅ€่ˆ‰่พฆไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒๅ—ๅˆฐๅคง็œพ็š„ๅปฃๆณ›ๅ–œๆ„›ใ€‚

Jesรบs Rafael Soto was born in 1923 in Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, and studied art history at the Escuela de Artes Plasticas in Caracas from 1942 to 1947. He moved to Paris in 1950, where he focused on op art and kinetic art. Several solo exhibitions of his work have been held worldwide, including in France, Belgium, Germany, the United States., Britain, and Italy as well as in his homeland, Venezuela. His works are on display in major museums around the world, including in the Museum of Modern Art and the Guggenheim Museum in New York, the Tate Gallery in London, the Pompidou Center in Paris, and the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Gwacheon, Korea.

1944๋…„ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฃจ์‚ด๋ ˜์˜ ๋ธŒ์‚ฌ์—˜ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—์ฝœ ์‰ฌํ”„๋ฆฌ์™ธ๋ฅด ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ž๋ฅด(Ecole Superieure des Beaux Art), ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์•„ํŠธ์ŠคํŠœ๋˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ปท์•„์›ƒ(Cutout) ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒํ™” ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ, ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒํ™” ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ฑธ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์€ ์ด์Šค๋ผ ์—˜ ์ „์—ญ๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜, ๋‰ด์š•์„ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

็ดขๆ‰˜ๆ–ผ1923ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๅง”ๅ…ง็‘žๆ‹‰็Žปๅˆฉ็“ฆ็ˆพๅŸŽ๏ผˆCiudad Bolivar๏ผ‰๏ผŒๅพž1942ๅนดๅˆฐ1947ๅนด้–“ๅœจๅŠ ๆ‹‰ๅŠ ๆ–ฏ้€ ๅž‹่—่ก“ๅญธๆ ก๏ผˆEscuela de Artes Plasticas in Caracas๏ผ‰ๅญธ็ฟ’็พŽ่ก“ใ€‚1950ๅนดไปฅๅพŒๅฎšๅฑ…ๅทด้ปŽ๏ผŒๅฐˆๆณจๆ–ผ่ฆ–่ฆบ่—่ก“่ˆ‡ๅ‹•ๆ„Ÿ่—่ก“ใ€‚็ดขๆ‰˜ๅœจๅง”ๅ…ง็‘žๆ‹‰ใ€ๆณ•ๅœ‹ใ€ๆฏ”ๅˆฉๆ™‚ใ€ๅพทๅœ‹ใ€็พŽๅœ‹ใ€่‹ฑๅœ‹ใ€ๆ„ๅคงๅˆฉ็ญ‰ๅœ‹ๅฎถๅคšๆฌก ่ˆ‰่พฆๅ€‹ไบบไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•ใ€‚ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“้‚„่ขซๆ”ถ่—ๅœจ็ด็ด„็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€ๅคๆ นๆตทๅง†ๅš็‰ฉ้คจใ€ๅ€ซๆ•ฆๆณฐ็‰น็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€ๅทด้ปŽๅ–ฌๆฒปยท่“ฌ็šฎๆœๅœ‹ๅฎถ่—่ก“ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ไธญๅฟƒ ใ€ๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ ็ญ‰ไธ–็•Œๅ„ๅœ‹ไธป่ฆ็พŽ่ก“้คจไธญใ€‚

ๆˆด็ปดยท่‘›ๅฐ”ๆ–ฏๅฆ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๊ฑธ์Šคํƒ€์ธ

Jesรบs Rafael Soto

1923๋…„ ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ ์‹œ์šฐ๋‹ค๋“œ ๋ณผ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ 1942๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1947๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์นด๋ผ์นด์Šค ์กฐํ˜•์˜ˆ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต(Escuela de Artes Plasticas in Caracas)์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์—… ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1950๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜ต์•„ํŠธ์™€ ํ‚ค๋„คํ‹ฑ์•„ํŠธ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—, ๋…์ผ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ, ์ดํƒœ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€ ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์†Œํ† ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋‰ด์š• ๊ทผ๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํํ”ผ๋‘์„ผํ„ฐ, ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ์†Œ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

่€ถ็ฉŒยทๆ‹‰ๆ–็ˆพยท็ดขๆ‰˜ ํ—ค์ˆ˜์Šค ๋ผํŒŒ์—˜ ์†Œํ†  Giorgio de Chirico was born to Italian parents in Volos, Greece, in 1888, and studied painting at an art school in Athens. He later went to Germany to attend the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, where he studied for two years. He was deeply impressed with German art, literature, and philosophy. He was a major presence in the Surrealism movement with his dreamlike, metaphysical painting style, and led the Scuola Metafisica, a group of artists who took the Italian art circles after Futurism by storm. His major works include โ€˜The Uncertainty of the Poetโ€™(1913) and โ€˜Turin Springโ€™(1915). Giorgio de Chirico died in Rome, Italy in 1978.

Born in London in 1958, Opie graduated from Chelsea School of Arts in 1979 and continued his studies at Londonโ€™s Goldsmith College. In 1982, upon his graduation, he participated in an exhibition at the Lisson Gallery with other rising artists including Anish Kapoor and Keith Haring. It was at this exhibition that he gained recognition for his artworks. In 2009, his solo exhibitions were held at Valentina Bonomo in Rome, Kukje Gallery in Seoul, and Patrick De Brock in Knokke, Belgium. ๆœฑๅˆฉๅฎ‰โˆ™ๅฅงๅŸน1958ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ่‹ฑๅœ‹ๅ€ซๆ•ฆใ€‚1979ๅนด่‡ชChelsea็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข็•ขๆฅญๅพŒ๏ผŒไป–็นผ็บŒๆ–ผๅ€ซๆ•ฆ็š„้‡‘ๅŒ ๅญธ้™ข้€ฒไฟฎใ€‚1982ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ™‚๏ผŒไป–่ˆ‡ๅนพไฝๆญฃๅœจๅ†’่ตท็š„ๅนด่ผ•่— ่ก“ๅฎถๅฆ‚้˜ฟๅฐผไป€โˆ™ๅกๆ™ฎ็ˆพๅŠๅ‡ฑๆ–ฏโˆ™ๅˆๆž—ๅƒ่ˆ‡ไบ†็”ฑๅ€ซๆ•ฆLisson่—ๅปŠ็ญ–็•ซ็š„ๅฑ•่ฆฝ๏ผŒ็ฒๅพ—ๅปฃๆณ›่ชๅŒใ€‚ไฝœ็‚บ็พๆ™‚่‹ฑๅœ‹่ˆ‰่ถณ่ผ•้‡็š„่—่ก“ๅฎถ๏ผŒๅฅงๅŸน็š„ไฝœๅ“ไปฅ็ทšๆข็ฐกๅ–ฎ่ž ๅ๏ผŒไป–็ถ“ๅธธๅฐ‡็…ง็‰‡็š„็‰ฉๅƒ็ธฎๆธ›็‚บๆœ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ๅนณ้ข็ทšๆข๏ผŒๅˆฉ็”จ้›ป่…ฆๆŠ€่ก“ๅŽป้™คๆ‰€ๆœ‰็ดฐ็ฏ€๏ผŒไพ‹ๅฆ‚ๅฐ‡ไบบ็š„็œผ็›ๅŒ–ๆˆ็ฐกๅ–ฎ็š„้ป‘้ปžใ€‚้€™็จฎๅ‰ตไฝœๆ–นๅผๆ—ฉๅทฒๆˆ็‚บๅฅงๅŸน็š„ๆ‹› ็‰Œ้ขจๆ ผ๏ผŒ่€Œๆญฃๅ› ็‚บๅœ–ๅƒ็ฐกๆฝ”๏ผŒๅ…ถไฝœๅ“็ถ“ๅธธๆƒนไบบๆ€่€ƒ๏ผš่—่ก“ๅฎถๅœจ็ทšๆข่ƒŒๅพŒๅˆฐๅบ•่ฆๅ‚ณ้”ไบ›็”š้บผ่จŠๆฏ็พๆ™‚ๅฎšๅฑ…่‹ฑๅœ‹็š„ๅฅงๅŸนๆ›พๆ–ผๅคšๅ€‹ๅœ‹ๅฎถ่ˆ‰่พฆๅฑ•่ฆฝ๏ผŒๅ–ฎๆ˜ฏ2009 ๅนดไพฟๅœจๆ„ๅคงๅˆฉ็พ…้ฆฌ็š„Valentina Bonomo่—ๅปŠใ€ๅ—้Ÿ“้ฆ–็ˆพ็š„Kukje่—ๅปŠ๏ผŒไปฅๅŠๆฏ”ๅˆฉๆ™‚ๅ…‹่ซพๅ…‹็š„Patrick DeBrock่—ๅปŠ่ˆ‰่กŒไบ†ๅ€‹ไบบๅฑ•่ฆฝใ€‚

ๅ–ฌๆฒปยทๅพทยทๅŸบ้‡Œ็ง‘ๆ˜ฏ1888ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๅธŒ่‡˜็š„ๆ„ๅคงๅˆฉ็•ซๅฎถใ€‚ไป–ๅœจ้›…ๅ…ธ่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ขๅญธ็ฟ’็นช็•ซ๏ผŒไธฆๅœจๆ…•ๅฐผ้ป‘่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ข็ˆฒๆœŸๅ…ฉๅนด็š„ๅญธ็ฟ’้Ž็จ‹ไธญๆทฑๅ—ๅพทๅœ‹่—่ก“ๆ–‡ๅŒ– ่ˆ‡ๅ“ฒๅญธ็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚ไป–ไปฅๅฝข่€ŒไธŠๅญธๅŠๅคขๅนป็š„็•ซ้ขจ๏ผŒๅฐ่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉๅธถไพ†ไบ†ๅพˆๅคงๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ๏ผŒๅพŒไพ†ๅ‡บ็พไบ†ไปฅไป–็ˆฒๅ…ˆ้ฉ…็š„ๅฝข่€ŒไธŠๅญธๆดพ๏ผŒไธฆ็นผๆœชไพ†ๆดพไปฅๅพŒ้ขจ้กไบ†ๆ„ๅคงๅˆฉ็•ซ ๅฃ‡ใ€‚ไป–็š„ไปฃ่กจไฝœๆœ‰ๅ‰ตไฝœๆ–ผ1913ๅนด็š„โ€œ่ฉฉไบบ็š„ไธๅฎ‰โ€๏ผŒไปฅๅŠๆ–ผ1914ๅนดๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„โ€œๆ˜ฅๅคฉ็š„้ƒฝ้ˆโ€ใ€‚1978ๅนดไป–ๅœจๆ„ๅคงๅˆฉ็พ…้ฆฌ้€ไธ–ใ€‚

Giorgio de Chirico ๅ–ฌๆฒปยทๅพทยทๅŸบ้‡Œ็ง‘ ์กฐ๋ฅด์กฐ ๋ฐ ํ‚ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ”

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1888๋…„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํšŒํ™”์ž‘๊ฐ€๋‹ค. ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์˜ˆ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฎŒํ—จ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์—์„œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋…์ผ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ์ฒ  ํ•™์˜ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชฝํ™˜์ ์ธ ํ™”ํ’์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์— ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์„ ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์Šค์ฝœ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ํ”ผ์ง€์นด(ํ˜•์ด์ƒํŒŒ)๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํŒŒ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ™”๋‹จ์„ ํ’๋ฏธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 1913๋…„ ์ž‘ โ€˜์‹œ์ธ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆโ€™๊ณผ 1914๋…„ ์ž‘ โ€˜๋ด„์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋…ธโ€™๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1978๋…„ ์ดํƒœ๋ฆฌ ๋กœ๋งˆ์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Julian Opie ๆœฑๅˆฉๅฎ‰ยทๅฅงๅŸน ์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ

1958๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1979๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ฒผ์‹œ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๊ณจ๋“œ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1982๋…„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์‰ฌ ์นดํ‘ธ์–ด์™€ ํ‚ค์Šค ํ•ด๋ง ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šจ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•ด ํšŒํ™”, ์กฐ๊ฐ, ๋™์˜์ƒ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ๋ฅด์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. 2000๋…„์— ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋ช… ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฃน โ€˜๋ธ”๋Ÿฌโ€™์˜ ์Œ๋ฐ˜ ์žฌํ‚ท ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ๋ช…์„ธ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2009๋…„ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ดํƒœ๋ฆฌ ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ Œํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ชจ, ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—์˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฆญ ๋ฐ ๋ธŒ๋กœํฌ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.

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Kang SeKyung majored in painting and earned her M.F.A in 1998 at Hongik University, Korea. Her works were featured in the National Grand Art Exhibition in 1995 (National Museum of Contemporary Art), DongA Grand Exhibition of Art in 1996 (National Museum of Contemporary Art), the Seoul Modern Art Show in 1997 (Seoul Museum of Art), and the exhibition โ€œCORNERINGโ€ in 1998 (Deokwon Art Museum). She held her first independent exhibition in 2001 at the Joheung Gallery and went on to participate in the Ecological Art Festival (Seoul Museum of Art) in 2002 and Jangheung Art Market JAM (Jangheung Art Park) in 2010.

Kim WhanKi was a professor at the College of Art at Seoul National University from 1946 to 1948. He was named as the Recommended Artist and Invited Artist of the National Art Exhibition in Korea and served as a member of the Deliberation Committee for the exhibition from 1949 to 1974. He became the chairman of the Korea Fine Art Association in 1961 and dean of the College of Art of Hongik University in 1962. In 1963, he won an honorary award at the 7th Sao Paulo Biennale as a representative South Korean painter and later won the grand prize at the 1st Grand Exhibition of Korean Fine Arts organized by Hankook Ilbo. In painting, Kim started with natural elements and gradually condensed them into constructive abstractions.

็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธ็นช็•ซ็ณป๏ผŒไธฆๆ–ผ1998ๅนดๅ–ๅพ—ไบ†ๅŒไธ€ๆ‰€ๅคงๅญธ็š„็ขฉๅฃซๅญธไฝใ€‚ๆ›พๅƒๅŠ ๅ’Œ่ˆ‰่พฆ้Ž1995ๅนดๅคง้Ÿ“ๆฐ‘ๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“ๅคงๅ…ธ(ๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ)ใ€1996ๅนดๆฑไบž็พŽ่ก“ๅคง ๅ…ธ(ๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ)ใ€1997ๅนด้ฆ–็ˆพ็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“็ฏ€(้ฆ–็ˆพๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจ)๏ผŒ1998ๅนดCORNERING(Deokwon็พŽ่ก“้คจ)ใ€2001ๅนดๅ€‹ไบบๅฑ•(Joheung็•ซๅปŠ)ใ€2002ๅนด ็’ฐๅขƒ็พŽ่ก“ๅฑ•(้ฆ–็ˆพๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจ)ใ€2010ๅนด้•ท่ˆˆ่—่ก“ๅธ‚ๅ ดJAM(้•ท่ˆˆ่—่ก“ๅ…ฌๅœ’)็ญ‰ใ€‚

Kang SeKyung

ํ™์ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  1998๋…„ ๋™๋Œ€ํ•™์›์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1995๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€์ „(๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€)์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 1996๋…„ ๋™์•„๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€์ „(๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€), 1997๋…„ ์„œ์šธํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ œ(์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€), 1998๋…„ โ€˜CORNERINGโ€™์ „(๋•์› ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€), 2001๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „(์กฐํฅ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ), 2002๋…„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ „(์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ๊ด€), 2010๋…„ ์žฅํฅ์•„ํŠธ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์žผ(์žฅํฅ ์•„ํŠธํŒŒํฌ) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค.

ๅงœๆญฒๆ•ฌ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฒฝ

1946่‡ณ1948ๅนดไปป้ฆ–็ˆพๅคงๅญธ็พŽ่ก“ๅคงๅญธๆ•™ๆŽˆ๏ผŒ1949่‡ณ1974ๅนด่ขซ้ธ็‚บๅœ‹ๅฑ•ๆŽจ่–ฆไฝœๅฎถใ€้‚€่ซ‹ไฝœๅฎถๅŠ่ฉ•ๅง”ใ€‚1961ๅนดๆ“”ไปปๅคง้Ÿ“็พŽ่ก“ๅ”ๆœƒๆœƒ้•ท๏ผŒ1962ๅนดๆ“”ไปปๅผ˜็›Šๅคง ๅญธ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข้™ข้•ทใ€‚ๆฆฎ็ฒ็ฌฌไธƒๅฑ†่–ไฟ็พ…้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ๆฆฎ่ญฝ็Žๅ’Œ็ฌฌไธ€ๅฑ†้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๆ—ฅๅ ฑๅคง็Žๅฑ•ๅคง็Žใ€‚้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบ็š„็•ซ้‡‡ๅ–ๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ๆง‹ๅœ–๏ผŒๅพžๅคง่‡ช็„ถๅ‡บ็™ผ๏ผŒๅฐ็นช็•ซๅฐ่ฑก้€ฒ่กŒ้ž้€ฒ ๅผ็š„ๆฆ‚ๆ‹ฌ๏ผŒ่งฃๆ”พไปฅๅพŒ๏ผŒๅˆ้‡ๆ–ฐๅ›žๅˆฐไบ†่‡ช็„ถไธป็พฉ่‰ฒๅฝฉๆฟƒๅŽš็š„้€ ๅž‹ไธ–็•Œใ€‚ไธๅŒๆ–ผไธ€้–‹ๅง‹ๅพžๅคง่‡ช็„ถๅ‡บ็™ผ๏ผŒ็„ถๅพŒๆผธๆผธ้”ๅˆฐๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ไธ€่ˆฌ็•ซ้ขจ๏ผŒไป–็š„็•ซๅœจๅ …ๅ›บ็š„ๆง‹ ๅœ–ๆก†ๆžถ่ฃๅคง่†ฝๆŽฅๅ…ฅไบ†ๅคง่‡ช็„ถ็š„ๅฝข่ฑก๏ผŒ้€™ๆญฃๆ˜ฏๆจน่ฉฑ(้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบ็š„่™Ÿ)็พŽ่ก“็š„็จ็‰นไน‹่™•ใ€‚

Kim WhanKi ้‡‘็…ฅๅŸบ ๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ

Born in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S. in 1958, from 1976 to 1978 he studied graphic design at the Ivy School of Professional Art, a commercial and fine arts school in Pittsburgh. Haring later moved to New York City, where he was greatly inspired by graffiti art, and additionally studied at the School of Visual Arts. In 1981, he had his first exclusive exhibition at Tony Shafrazi Gallery, and he took part in the Documenta 7 in Kassel, Germany. He also took part in the Whitney Biennial in 1983, as well as the Sรฃo Paulo Biennale. In 1984, he had an exhibition at Salvatore Ala Gallery, Milan, Italy, โ€œKeith Haring: Milan 1984โ€. In 1990, he had an exhibition at Galerie Nikolaus Sonne, Berlin, Germany and in 2006 โ€œKeith Haring: Art and Commerceโ€, at Tampa Museum of Art, Tampa, Florida, United States. In 2008, Keith Haringโ€™s Retrospective was held at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Lyon, France.

Born in 1974, Kwon graduated from Sejong University, majoring in Fine Arts, and she is currently studying at the graduate school of the same university. In March 2011, she participated in 11th Korean Contemporary Art Fair held at Hangaram Gallery of Seoul Arts Center, and also had exhibitions at Samcheong Gallery in 2010 and Gongpyeong Gallery. She received many awards from 2010 Danwon Art Fair, Kyunghyang Art Fair, 2009 ASIAF, 2008 Korea Art Fair. ๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผ1974ๅนด๏ผŒ็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผไธ–ๅฎ—ๅคงๅญธใ€็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข๏ผŒ็พไปŠๅœจๆฑๅคงๅคงๅญธ้™ขๅญธ็ฟ’ใ€‚2011ๅนด3ๆœˆๅƒๅŠ ไบ†่—่ก“ๆฎฟๅ ‚้Ÿ“ไฝณๅต็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€ŠKCAF(็ฌฌๅไธ€ๅฑ†้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“็ฏ€)ใ€‹๏ผŒ 2010ๅนดๅƒๅŠ ไบ†ไธ‰ๆธ…็•ซๅปŠใ€Šไธ‰ไบบๅฑ•ใ€‹๏ผŒๅ…ฌๅฑ็•ซๅปŠใ€Š็™พไบบๅฑ•ใ€‹ใ€‚ๅ—็Ž็ถ“ๆญทๆœ‰2010ๅนดๅ–ฎๅ…ƒ็พŽ่ก“็ฏ€ๅ…ฅๅœ๏ผŒๅ‚พๅ‘็พŽ่ก“ๅคงๅฑ•ๅ…ฅๅœ๏ผŒ2009ๅนดASYAAF็ฒ็Ž๏ผŒๅ‚พๅ‘็พŽ่ก“ๅคง่ณฝ ๅ…ฅๅœ๏ผŒไธ–ๅฎ—ๅคงๅญธ็•ขๆฅญๅฑ•็คบไธŠ็ฒๅคง็Ž๏ผŒ2008ๅนดๅคง้Ÿ“ๆฐ‘ๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“ๅคง่ณฝๅ‰ตๆ„้ƒจ้–€ๅ…ฅ้ธ๏ผŒไปฅๅŠASYAAF็ฒ็Žใ€‚

1958ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผ็พŽๅœ‹่ณ“ๅค•ๆณ•ๅฐผไบžๅทž็š„้›ทไธ๏ผŒ1976ๅนด่‡ณ1978ๅนดๅœจๅŒน่Œฒๅ ก็š„ไธ€ๆ‰€่—่ก“ๅฐˆๆฅญๅญธๆ กๅญธ็ฟ’ๅนณ้ข่จญ่จˆใ€‚ๅพŒไพ†็งปๅฑ…็ด็ด„ๅพŒ๏ผŒๅ—ๅˆฐ่ก—้ ญ็นช็•ซ่—่ก“ๅก—้ด‰็š„ๅฝฑ ้Ÿฟ๏ผŒ้€ฒๅ…ฅ็พŽๅœ‹็ด็ด„่ฆ–่ฆบ่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ข็นผ็บŒๆทฑ้€ ใ€‚1981ๅนดๅœจๆ‰˜ๅฐผยทๆฒ™ๅผ—ๆ‹‰่Œฒ็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆ้ฆ–ๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบ็•ซๅฑ•๏ผŒๅŒไธ€ๅนดๅƒๅŠ ไบ†็ฌฌไธƒๅฑ†ๅพทๅœ‹ๅก่ณฝ็ˆพๆ–‡็ปๅฑ•ใ€‚1983ๅนด้€ฃ็บŒๅƒๅŠ ไบ† ๆƒ ็‰นๅฐผ้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ๅ’Œ่–ไฟ็พ…้›™ๅนดๅฑ•๏ผŒๆŽฅ่‘—1984ๅนดๅˆๅœจ็ด็ด„่–ฉ็ˆพ็“ฆๆ‰˜็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†โ€œๅ‡ฑๆ–ฏยทๅ“ˆๆž—:็ฑณ่˜ญโ€ๅฑ•่ฆฝ๏ผŒ ็ฉๆฅตๆดป่บๆ–ผๅœ‹้š›่ˆžๅฐไธŠใ€‚้™คๆญคไน‹ๅค–๏ผŒ1990ๅนดๅœจๆŸๆž—่ˆ‰ ่พฆ็•ซๅฑ•๏ผŒ2006ๅนดๅœจไฝ›็พ…่ฃ้”ๅทž็š„ๅฆๅธ•็พŽ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆโ€œๅ‡ฑๆ–ฏยทๅ“ˆๆž—:่—่ก“่ˆ‡ๅ•†ๆฅญโ€็•ซๅฑ•๏ผŒๆœ€่ฟ‘็š„2008ๅนดๅˆๅœจๆณ•ๅœ‹็š„่ฃๆ˜‚็พŽ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅ‡ฑๆ–ฏยทๅ“ˆๆž—็š„ๅ›ž้กงๅฑ•ใ€‚

Keith Haring ๅ‡ฏๆ–ฏยทๅ“ˆๆž— ํ‚ค์Šค ํ•ด๋ง

1958๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1976๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1978๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ „๋ฌธํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋‰ด์š•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ ํ”ผํ‹ฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋๊ณ  ์Šค์ฟจ ์˜ค๋ธŒ ๋น„์ฃผ์–ผ ์•„ํŠธ์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1981๋…„์— ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ํ† ๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌํ”„๋ผ์ฐŒ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์—ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด์—๋Š” ๋…์ผ ์นด์…€ ๋„ํ๋ฉ˜ ํƒ€ 7์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ 1983๋…„ ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ์™€ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์™•์„ฑํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 1984๋…„์—๋Š” <ํ‚ค์Šค ํ•ด๋ง: ๋ฐ€๋ผ๋…ธ>์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฐ” ๋˜๋ ˆ ์•Œ๋ผ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ–์—๋„ 1990๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์šฐ์Šค ์กด๋„ค๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2006๋…„์—๋Š” <ํ‚ค์Šค ํ•ด๋ง: ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ƒ์—…>์ „์„ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ํƒํŒŒ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์ธ 2008๋…„์—๋Š” ํ‚ค์Šค ํ•ด๋ง์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „์ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ฆฌ์˜น ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ ์—ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.

Kwon SooHyun

Born in 1980, Kim JunSik graduated from Hongik University, Seoul and majored in Fine Art. Since 2007, he has participated in eleven group exhibitions and also held a solo exhibition at Insa Art Centre of Seoul in 2011. His works are characterized by re-appropriating the images of Campbell soup can and recognizable animation characters and depicting them in a hyper-realistic manner.

Born in 1964, Lee received her undergraduate degree in sculpture at Hongik University in 1987. She was nominated for the award of Hugo Boss at Guggenheim museum, New York in 1998. And she received the special prize at Venice Biennale in 2009. She has had numerous private exhibitions since 1988 both in and out of Korea. Also she had her solo exhibition at Mori museum in 2011.

1980ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพ๏ผŒ2007ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธ็นช็•ซๅฐˆๆฅญใ€‚็พ็”Ÿๆดปๅทฅไฝœๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ใ€‚2007ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹11ๆฌกๅƒๅŠ ่ฏๅฑ•ใ€2011ๅนดๅœจ้ฆ–็ˆพไปๅฏบ่—่ก“ไธญๅฟƒ้–‹ๅ€‹ๅฑ•ใ€‚้‡‘ๆบ–ๆค็นช็•ซ ๆœ€ๅคง็‰นๅพตๆ˜ฏ้€š้Ž่ถ…็พไธป็พฉไพ†ๅ†ๆฌกๅ€Ÿ็”จ้‡‘็Ž‰ๆนฏๅ’Œ่ฆช่ฟ‘็š„ๅก้€šไบบ็‰ฉใ€‚

ๆŽๆ˜ข็”Ÿๆ–ผ1964ๅนด๏ผŒ็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๅผ˜็›Š้”ๅญธ้›•ๅก‘็ณปใ€‚ๅฅน1998ๅนด่ขซๆๅ็ˆฒ็ด็ด„ๅคๆ นๆตทๅง†็พŽ่ก“้คจHugo..Boss็Ž็š„ๆœ€็ต‚็ฒ้ธ๏ผŒ1999ๅนด็ฒๅพ—ๅจๅฐผๆ–ฏ้›™ๅนดๅฑ•็š„็‰นๅˆฅ็Žใ€‚ 1988ๅนดๆ–ผIL็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆ้ฆ–ๅ ดๅ€‹ไบบๅฑ•ๅพŒ๏ผŒๅฅนๆ›พๆ–ผๅคšๅฎถ็•ซๅปŠๅ’Œ็พŽ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆ้Žๅ€‹ๅฑ•๏ผŒไธป่ฆๅƒๅฑ•ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ๏ผš็ด็ด„็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ(1997ๅนด)๏ผŒๅฎฃ่ผ‰่—่ก“ไธญๅฟƒ(1998ๅนด)๏ผŒๅœ‹ ้š›็•ซๅปŠ(2000ๅนด)๏ผŒ็ฆๅฒกไบžๆดฒ็พŽ่ก“้คจ(2000ๅนด)๏ผŒ็พ…ไธน็•ซๅปŠ(2002ๅนด)๏ผŒๅกๅœฐไบž็•ถไปฃ่—่ก“ๅŸบ้‡‘ๆœƒ(2007ๅนด)๏ผŒ็ด็ด„ๅธƒ้ญฏๅ…‹ๆž—็พŽ่ก“้คจ(2007ๅนด)๏ผŒ็ด็ด„LEHMANN MAUPIN็•ซๅปŠ(2008ๅนด)๏ผŒPKM็•ซๅปŠ(2008ๅนด)๏ผŒGalerie Thaddaeus Ropac(2009ๅนด)ไปฅๅŠ็ด็ด„ LEHMANN MAUPIN็•ซๅปŠ(2010ๅนด)็š„ๅ€‹ๅฑ•ใ€‚ๆญคๅค–๏ผŒๅฅนๅฐ‡ ไบŽ 2011ๅนดๅœจๆฑไบฌๆฃฎ็พŽ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆๅฑ•่ฆฝใ€‚

Kim JunSik

Lee Bul

้‡‘ๆบ–ๆค ๊น€์ค€์‹

ๆŽๆ˜ข ์ด๋ถˆ Born in 1973, Korea, Kim graduated from the college of fine arts of Seoul National University and the graduate school of the same university, majoring in western painting in 1998. He received Arts Council Foundation Award from Arts Council Korea,The Grand Award at National University Art Exhibition, and Gold Medal at a contest of Creative Art Association. He had his first solo exhibition at UngJun Gallery in 1999, and solo exhibitions at Binyl Gallery in 2005, Gallery Hyundai in 2007 and Ihn Gallery in 2008.

ๆŽๆญฃ้›„1963ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ้ƒ้™ต๏ผŒ2006ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๅ•“ๆ˜Žๅคงๅญธ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข่ฅฟๆด‹็•ซ็ณปใ€‚่‡ช1990ๅนดๅœจYeemock็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆๅ€‹ไบบไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•ไปฅไพ†๏ผŒ2001ๅนดๅœจIndeco็•ซๅปŠใ€2002 ๅนดๅœจEuro็•ซๅปŠใ€2005ๅนดๅœจไปๅฏบ่—่ก“ไธญๅฟƒใ€2007ๅนดLeehwaik็•ซๅปŠ็ญ‰่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅคšๆฌกๅ€‹ๅฑ•ใ€‚1993ๅนดๅˆฐ1999ๅนด้€ฃ็บŒไบ”ๆฌกๅƒๅŠ ่—่ก“ๆฎฟๅ ‚็•ซๅปŠ็พŽ่ก“็ฏ€๏ผŒ2005ๅนดๅƒ ๅŠ ๆ–ฐๅŠ ๅกๅŠๅฐๅŒ—ๅœ‹้š›่—่ก“ๅฑ•๏ผŒ2006ๅนดๅƒๅŠ ่ฅฟ็ญ็‰™้ฆฌๅพท้‡Œๅœ‹้š›็•ถไปฃ่—ๅšๆœƒ(ARKO)็ญ‰๏ผŒๅœจๅ„็จฎๅคงๅž‹ๅœ‹้š›่—่ก“ๅฑ•ไธŠ่กจ็พๆดป่บใ€‚

1973๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1998๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ์™€ ๋™๋Œ€ํ•™์›์„ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์› ์ „์‹œ๊ธฐํš ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฏธ์ „์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ, ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ํ˜‘ํšŒ ๊ณต๋ชจ์ „์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1999๋…„ ์›…์ „๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ›„, 2005๋…„ ๋น„๋‹๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2007๋…„ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„๋Œ€, 2008๋…„ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์ธ ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Lee JungWoong

้‡‘ๅ—ๆ“ ๊น€๋‚จํ‘œ

Born in 1936, Lee UFan moved to Japan while studying at Seoul National University and graduated from the Department of Literature at Nihon University where he majored in philosophy. He received the UNESCO Special Prize at the Shanghai Biennale in 2000 and the Legion dโ€™Honneur in France in 2007. He has held numerous solo exhibitions at major art institutions, including Gallery Hyundai in 1978; Museum Kunst Palast, Dรผsseldorf , Germany, in 1974; the Tate Gallery, Liverpool, Britain, in 1992; the San Francisco Art Gallery, USA , in 1994; Musee dโ€™Art Contmporain de Bordeaux, France, in 2002; and Pace Wildenstein, New York, in 2008. He has also participated in numerous group exhibitions and biennales. He held a large exhibition at the Guggenheim Museum, New York, in 2011.

้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ1929ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹๏ผŒ1950ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพๅœ‹็ซ‹ๅคงๅญธ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข๏ผŒ1968ๅนดๆ–ผ็ด็ด„่—่ก“ๅญธ็”ŸๅŒ็›Ÿไธปไฟฎ็‰ˆ็•ซใ€‚้‡‘ๆฐๅœจ่—่ก“็•Œๅๅˆ†ๆดป่บ๏ผŒ1963ๅนด่‡ณไปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆ้Ž ๅคšๅ ดๅ€‹ๅฑ•๏ผŒ่ถณ่ทก้ๅŠๅทด้ปŽๅœ‹็ซ‹็ถฒ็ƒๅ ด็พŽ่ก“้คจ(2004ๅนด)๏ผŒๅŒ—ไบฌไธญๅœ‹ๅœ‹ๅฎถๅš็‰ฉ้คจ(2005ๅนด)๏ผŒๅทด้ปŽBaudoin Lebon่—ๅปŠ(2008ๅนด)๏ผŒไปฅๅŠPYO่—ๅปŠ(2009ๅนด)ใ€‚ ๆญคๅค–๏ผŒไป–ไบฆๆ›พๅƒ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจ(2004ๅนด)๏ผŒๅทด้ปŽๅ‰็พŽๅœ‹็ซ‹ไบžๆดฒ่—่ก“ๅš็‰ฉ้คจ(2005ๅนด)๏ผŒไธญ้Ÿ“็พไปฃ่—่ก“็ฏ€(2006ๅนด)ไปฅๅŠ้ฆ–็ˆพๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„่ฏๅฑ•ใ€‚

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1963๋…„ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ ์šธ๋ฆ‰ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2006๋…„ ๊ณ„๋ช…๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1990๋…„ ์ด๋ชฉํ™”๋ž‘์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 2001๋…„ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฐ์ฝ”, 2002๋…„ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์œ ๋กœ, 2005 ๋…„ ์ธ์‚ฌ์•„ํŠธ์„ผํ„ฐ, 2007๋…„ ์ดํ™”์ต๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. 1993๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1999๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 5ํšŒ ์—ฐ์† ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์ „๋‹น ํ™”๋ž‘๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ œ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2005๋…„ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํด ๋ฐ ํƒ€์ดํŽ˜์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด, 2006๋…„ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์•„๋ฅด์ฝ” ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด์— ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ๆŽ้Œ ้›„ ์ด์ •์›… Born in 1929, Kim dropped out of school while majoring in Painting at Seoul National University in 1950, then majored in Print Making at the Art Students League of New York in 1968. He received the Special Prize from Sรฃo Paulo Biennale in 1975. From 1963 to present, he actively had numerous solo exhibitions at the Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris in 2004, the National Museum of China, Beijing in 2005, Galerie Baudoin Lebon, Paris in 2008, Busan Museum of Art and Pyo Gallery, Seoul in 2009. He also participated in several group exhibitions at Musรฉe Guimet, Paris in 2005, โ€˜Korea-China Modern Art Festivalโ€™ in 2006, at Seoul Museum of Art in 2007 and at Singapore Art Museum in 2008.

้‡‘ๆ˜Œ็ƒˆ ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ด

1964๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1987๋…„ ํ™์ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1998๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์˜ ํœด๊ณ ๋ณด์Šค๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ƒ ์ตœ์ข… ํ›„๋ณด์— ์˜ฌ๋ž์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1999๋…„ ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ ํŠน๋ณ„์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1988๋…„ ์ผ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 1997๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 1998๋…„ ์•„ํŠธ์„ ์žฌ์„ผํ„ฐ, 2000๋…„ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, ํ›„์ฟ ์˜ค์นด ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2002๋…„ ๋กœ ๋Œ•๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2007 ๊นŒ๋ฅด๋ ์—์žฌ๋‹จ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, ๋‰ด์š• ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2008๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๋ ˆ๋งŒ๋ชจํ•€, PKM ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2009๋…„ Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac, 2010๋…„ Lehmann Maupin ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ 2011๋…„ ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ „์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Born in Ulleung-do in 1963, Lee JungWoong graduated from the Department of Western Painting at Keimyung University in 2006. Lee has continuously held private exhibitions throughout his career, beginning with Yeemock Gallery in 1990, and then Gallery indeco in 2001, Gallery Euro in 2002, Insa Art Center in 2005, and Leehwaik Gallery in 2007. He participated for five consecutive years in the Seoul Arts Centerโ€™s Korea Galleries Art Fair, from 1993 until 1999, as well as in various international art fairs, including the Singapore-Taipei International Art Fair in 2005 and ARCO Spain in 2006.

้‡‘ๅ—ๆ“1973ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹๏ผŒ็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพๅœ‹็ซ‹ๅคงๅญธ่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ขๅŠ็ ”็ฉถ้™ข๏ผŒไธปไฟฎ่ฅฟๆ–น็นช็•ซใ€‚้‡‘ๆฐๅฑข็ฒๆฎŠๆฆฎ๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹่—่ก“ๅ”ๆœƒ้ ’็™ผ็š„่—่ก“ๅ”ๆœƒๅŸบ้‡‘ๆœƒ็Žใ€ๅœ‹ ็ซ‹ๅคงๅญธ่—่ก“ๅฑ•่ฆงๅคง็Ž๏ผŒไธฆๆ–ผๅ‰ตๆ„่—่ก“ๅ”ๆœƒ็š„ๆฏ”่ณฝไธญ็ฒ้‡‘็Žใ€‚1999ๅนด๏ผŒ้‡‘ๆฐๆ–ผUngJun่—ๅปŠ่ˆ‰่กŒ้ฆ–ๆฌกๅ€‹ๅฑ•๏ผŒไธฆๆ–ผ2005ใ€2007ๅŠ2008ๅนดๅˆ†ๅˆฅๅœจBinylใ€ HyundaiๅŠ Ihn ็ญ‰่—ๅปŠ่ˆ‰่กŒๅ€‹ๅฑ• ใ€‚

Kim TschangYeul

1974๋…„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ข…๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋™๋Œ€ํ•™์›์— ์žฌํ•™์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜์ „๋‹น ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋žŒ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ <KCAF(11ํšŒ ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ œ)>, 2010๋…„ ์‚ผ์ฒญ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ <3์ธ์ „>, ๊ณตํ‰๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ <100์ธ์ „>์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 2010๋…„ ๋‹จ์›๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ œ ์ž…์„ , ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ž…์„ , 2009๋…„ ์•„์‹œ์•„ํ”„ ์ž…์ƒ, ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ž…์„ , ์„ธ์ข…๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…์ „์‹œ ๋Œ€์ƒ, 2008๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€์ „ ๊ตฌ์ƒ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ž…์„ , ์•„์‹œ์•„ํ”„ ์ž…์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ๆฌŠไฟฎ่ณข ๊ถŒ์ˆ˜ํ˜„

1980๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2007๋…„ ํ™์ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. 2007๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 11ํšŒ์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , 2011๋…„์— ์„œ์šธ ์ธ์‚ฌ์•„ํŠธ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์บ ๋ฒจ์Šคํ”„ ๊นกํ†ต๊ณผ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฃผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค.

Kim NamPyo

1946~48๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜, 1949~74๋…„ ๊ตญ์ „์ถ”์ฒœ์ž‘๊ฐ€, ์ดˆ๋Œ€์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์œ„์›, 1961๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ˜‘ํšŒํšŒ์žฅ, 1962๋…„ ํ™์ต๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์žฅ์„ ์—ญ์ž„. ์ œ7 ํšŒ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ ๋ช…์˜ˆ์ƒ, ์ œ1ํšŒ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ผ๋ณด๋Œ€์ƒ์ „ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์  ์ถ”์ƒ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ง™์€ ์กฐํ˜•์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŽผ์ณ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€๋…์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ‹€ ์†์— ์ž์—ฐ์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊น€ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค.

1929๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1950๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์ค‘ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ , 1968๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ์•„ํŠธ ์ŠคํŠœ๋˜ํŠธ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ์—์„œ ํŒํ™”๋ฅผ ์ „๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1975๋…„ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ ํŠน๋ณ„์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1963๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํŽผ์น˜๋ฉฐ, 2004๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์ฅฌ๋“œํผ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2005๋…„ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง• ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€, 2006๋…„ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง• ํ‘œ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2008๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์˜ Baudoin Lebon๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2009๋…„ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ์„œ์šธ ํ‘œ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์ง€์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2005๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฉ”๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ 2006๋…„ โ€˜ํ•œ์ค‘ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ „โ€™, 2007๋…„ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2008๋…„ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅ๏ผŒ1936ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ใ€‚ๆŽ็ฆน็…ฅๅฐฑ่ฎ€้ฆ–็ˆพๅœ‹็ซ‹ๅคงๅญธๆ™‚๏ผŒๆธกๆ—ฅๆœฌๆทฑ้€ ๅ“ฒๅญธ๏ผŒๆ—ฅๆœฌๆฑไบฌNihonๅคงๅญธๅ“ฒๅญธ็ณป็•ขๆฅญใ€‚2000ๅนด็ฒๅพ—ไธญๅœ‹ไธŠๆตท้›™ๅนดๅฑ•่ฏๅˆๅœ‹ๆ•™็ง‘ ๆ–‡็ต„็น”็‰นๅˆฅ็Ž๏ผŒ2007ๅนด็ฒๅพ—ๆณ•ๅœ‹็‡ƒ็‡’่ปๅœ˜ๆฆฎ่ญฝๅ‹ณ็ซ ใ€‚1978ๅนดๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹้ฆ–็ˆพ็พไปฃ็•ซๅปŠ๏ผŒ1974ๅนดๅœจๅพทๅœ‹ๆœๅกž็ˆพๅคšๅคซๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจ๏ผŒ1992ๅนดๅœจ่‹ฑๅœ‹ๅˆฉ็‰ฉๆตฆๆณฐ็‰น ็พŽ่ก“้คจ๏ผŒ1993 ๅนดๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹้ฆ–็ˆพๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ๏ผŒ1994ๅนดๅœจ็พŽๅœ‹ไธ‰่—ฉๅธ‚ๅธ‚็ซ‹็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€‚2002ๅนดๅœจๆณ•ๅœ‹ๆณข็ˆพๅคšๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ๏ผŒ2008ๅนดๅœจ็ด็ด„็ญ‰ๅœฐ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅ€‹ ไบบไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒไธๅƒ…ๅฆ‚ๆญค๏ผŒ้‚„่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅคšๆฌก็พคๅฑ•๏ผŒไนŸๅคšๆฌกๅƒๅŠ ไบ†้›™ๅนดๆœƒใ€‚2011ๅนดๅœจ็ด็ด„ๅคๆ นๆตทๅง†ๅš็‰ฉ้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅคง่ฆๆจก็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•่ฆฝๆœƒใ€‚

Lee UFan ๆŽ็ฆน็„• ์ด์šฐํ™˜

1936๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘ ๋„์ผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ณธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฌธํ•™๋ถ€ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2000๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ƒํ•˜์ด ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ”ํŠน๋ณ„์ƒ, 2007๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ ˆ์ง€์˜น ๋„ ๋‡Œ๋ฅด ํ›ˆ์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1978๋…„ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๋ž‘, 1974๋…„ ๋…์ผ ๋’ค์…€๋„๋ฅดํ”„์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 1992๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ ํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€, 1993๋…„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 1994๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒŒํ”„ ๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2002๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ณด๋ฅด๋„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2008๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋นŒ๋ด์Šˆํƒ€์ธ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ „๊ณผ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ์—๋„ ๊พธ์ค€ ํžˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค.

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Born in Cheongsong in 1911, the artist graduated from Tokyo Pacific Art School in 1935. He moved to France in 1954, then studied at Acadรฉmie de la Grande Chaumiรจre in Paris till 1958. He was awarded the 1st prize at Biennale de Menton, France in 1966 and the Korea Cultural Art Award in 1974, and the Order of Cultural Merit in 1981. In 1958, he had an invitational exhibition at Salon de Mai for the first time as Korean artists. He returned to Korea in 1963, and had the retrospective exhibition at National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea in 1981 and a solo exhibition at Hoam Art Gallery in 1984. He participated in about 60 invitational exhibitions abroad and 120 domestic exhibitions until he died in 1990. He served as a professor at Hongik University and a member of jury for Korea National Art Exhibition. His works are included in the collection of the Centre national dโ€™Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou,Torino Museum of Contemporary Art, and National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea.

Nam Kwan ๅ—ๅฏฌ ๋‚จ๊ด€

1911ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๆ…ถๅฐšๅŒ—้“้’ๆพ้ƒก๏ผŒ1935ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๆฑไบฌๅคชๅนณๆด‹็พŽ่ก“ๅญธๆ กใ€‚1954ๅนด้€ƒๅพ€ๆณ•ๅœ‹ๅพŒ๏ผŒ้€ฒๅ…ฅๅทด้ปŽ็š„ๅคง่Œ…่ˆ่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ขๅญธ็ฟ’่‡ณ1958ๅนดใ€‚1966ๅนดๅœจๆณ•ๅœ‹ ้–€้ “็š„็นช็•ซ้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ไธŠๆฆฎ็ฒไธ€็ญ‰็Ž๏ผŒ1974ๅนดๆฆฎ็ฒๅคง้Ÿ“ๆฐ‘ๅœ‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–่—่ก“ๅคง็Ž๏ผŒ1981ๅนด็ฒๅพ—ๅคง้Ÿ“ๆฐ‘ๅœ‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๅ‹ณ็ซ ใ€‚1958ๅนดไฝœ็ˆฒ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ไบบ้ฆ–ๆฌกๅœจSalon de Mai่ˆ‰่พฆ ไบ†้‚€่ซ‹ๅฑ•ใ€‚1963ๅนดๅ›žๅœ‹ๅพŒ๏ผŒ1981ๅนดๅœจๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆๅ›ž้กงๅฑ•๏ผŒ1984ๅนดๅˆๅœจๆน–ๅšด็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆๅ€‹ๅฑ•็ญ‰็›ดๅˆฐ1990ๅนด้›ข้–‹ไบบไธ–ๅ‰ๅ…ฑๅƒๅŠ ไบ†60ๅคšๆฌกๆตทๅค–้‚€่ซ‹ ๅฑ•ๅ’Œ120ๅคšๆฌกๅœ‹ๅ…งไผๅŠƒๅฑ•ใ€‚ๆ›พๆ›†ไปปๅœ‹ๅฑ•่ฉ•ๅง”ๅ’Œๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธๆ•™ๆŽˆใ€‚ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆ”ถ่—ๆ–ผๅทด้ปŽๅœ‹ๅฎถ็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€้ƒฝ้ˆๅœ‹้š›็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€ๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ็ญ‰ใ€‚

1911๋…„ ์ฒญ์†ก ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1935๋…„ ๋™๊ฒฝ ํƒœํ‰์–‘๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1954๋…„ ๋„๋ถˆ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ๋“œ ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ž‘๋“œ ์‡ผ๋ฏธ์—๋ฅด์—์„œ 1958๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1966๋…„ ํ”„ ๋ž‘์Šค ๋งํ†ต ํšŒํ™”๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ์—์„œ 1๋“ฑ์ƒ์„, 1974๋…„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๊ณ , 1981๋…„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ™”ํ›ˆ์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ›ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1958๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์‚ด๋กฑ ๋“œ ๋ฉ”์ „์—์„œ ์ดˆ๋Œ€์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. 1963๋…„ ๊ท€๊ตญ ํ›„, 1981๋…„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „๊ณผ 1984๋…„ ํ˜ธ์•”๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „ ๋“ฑ 60์—ฌ ํšŒ์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ดˆ๋Œ€์ „๊ณผ 120ํšŒ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐํš์ „์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ „์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์œ„์›๊ณผ ํ™์ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์—ญ์ž„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, ํ† ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, ๊ตญ๋ ตํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์— ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์†Œ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Pol Bury was born in 1922 in Haine-Saint-Pierre, Belgium, and studied at the Acadรฉmie des Beaux-Arts in Paris for a year in 1938. From 1949, he worked as a member of the avant-garde group COBRA. Renowned for his kinetic art, Bury participated in many international kinetic art exhibitions after joining โ€˜Le Mouvementโ€™ in 1955. His major works include <White Dots>, which is on display at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Pol Bury passed away in Paris in 2005. ๅธƒ็‘ž1922ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๆฏ”ๅˆฉๆ™‚ใ€‚ๅพž1938ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจๅทด้ปŽAcadรฉmie des Beaux-Artsๅญธ็ฟ’ไธ€ๅนดใ€‚ๅพž1949ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๆˆ็ˆฒๅ‰่ก›ๆดพCOBRA็š„ๆˆๅ“กใ€‚ๅธƒ็‘žไปฅๅพฎๅฆ™็š„ๅ‹• ๆ„Ÿ่—่ก“ๆšๅๆ–ผไธ–ใ€‚่‡ช1955ๅนด้ฆ–ๆฌกๅœจๅทด้ปŽ็š„โ€œๅ‹•ๆ„Ÿไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•โ€ไธŠๅฑ•็คบไฝœๅ“ไปฅไพ†๏ผŒๅƒๅŠ ไบ†็œพๅคšๅ‹•ๆ„Ÿ่—่ก“ๅœ‹้š›ไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒไปฃ่กจๆ€ง็š„ๅƒๅฑ•็ถ“ๆญทๆœ‰1966ๅนด็š„็ด็ด„็พไปฃ็พŽ ่ก“้คจไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒ2001ๅนด็š„็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒ2006ๅนดๅทด้ปŽ่“ฌ็šฎๆœๅœ‹ๅฎถ่—่ก“ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ไธญๅฟƒไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•็ญ‰ใ€‚ไป–็š„ไปฃ่กจไฝœๆœ‰ๅ‰ตไฝœๆ–ผ1964ๅนด็š„โ€œ็™ฝ้ปžโ€๏ผŒ็›ฎๅ‰่ขซๆ”ถ่—ๅœจ็ด ็ด„็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€‚2005ๅนดๅธƒ็‘žๅœจๅทด้ปŽๅŽปไธ–ใ€‚

Pol Bury ไฟ็พ…ยทๅธƒ็‘ž ํด ๋ทฐ๋ฆฌ

Natalia Dumitresco was born in 1915 in Bucharest, Romania, and graduated from the Acadรฉmie des Beaux-Arts in 1939. She had her first solo exhibition at the Sala Dalles Gallery in Bucharest in 1946. She moved to Paris in 1947 and joined the Rรฉalitรฉs Nouvelles movement, founded by a group of painters influenced by W. Kandinsky and A. Magnelli after World War II. She won many prestigious awards throughout her career, including the 1955 Kandinsky Award and the 1959 Carnegie Prize (Pittsburgh, United States). Her works are included in the collections of prestigious museums and galleries worldwide, including the National Museum of Modern Art in France and the Kunstmuseum in Basel.

Born in 1918 in Jinju, South Gyeongsan Province, Korea, Rhee SeundJa graduated from Jissen Womenโ€™s University in Tokyo and attended the Academie de la Grande Chaumiere in France. In 1959, she won the 1959 Museum of Modern Art International Artist Award and the Order of Cultural Merit in 1991 and 2001 from the French government. She held over 80 solo exhibitions in various nations, including the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (in 1978 and again in 1988), the Seoul Arts Center (1998), and the Vallauris Galerie (2003), and over 300 group exhibitions, including one in 1965 at the French National Art Association Exhibition. At the age of 92, she passed away in the village of La Tourette, in Southern France, in March 2009.

1915ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผ็พ…้ฆฌๅฐผไบžๅธƒๅŠ ๅ‹’ๆ–ฏ็‰น๏ผŒ1939ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผAcadรฉmie des Beaux-Artsใ€‚1946ๅนดๅœจ็พ…้ฆฌๅฐผไบžๅธƒๅŠ ๅ‹’ๆ–ฏ็‰น็š„Sala Dalles็•ซๅปŠ่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†้ฆ–ๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบไฝœ ๅ“ๅฑ•ใ€‚1947ๅนดๅˆฐไบ†ๅทด้ปŽ๏ผŒๅœจ็ฌฌไบŒๆฌกไธ–็•Œๅคงๆˆฐไน‹ๅพŒๅƒ่ˆ‡ไบ†ๆทฑๅ—ๅบทๅฎšๆ–ฏๅŸบๅŠ้˜ฟ็ˆพ่ฒๅ‹’็‰นยท้ฆฌๆ ผๅฅˆๅˆฉ็ญ‰ไบบ็‰ฉๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ็š„ๅทด้ปŽRรฉalitรฉs Nouvelles้‹ๅ‹•ใ€‚1955ๅนดๆฆฎ ็ฒไบ†ๅบทๅฎšๆ–ฏๅŸบ็Ž๏ผŒ1959ๅนดๆฆฎ็ฒๅก่€ๅŸบ็Žใ€‚ๅทด้ปŽๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจๅŠๅทดๅกž็ˆพ็พŽ่ก“้คจๆ”ถ่—ๆœ‰ไป–็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚

Natalia Dumitresco

1915๋…„ ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‘๋ฏธํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ฝ”๋Š” 1939๋…„ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ž๋ฅด๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1946๋…„ ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ถ€์ฟ ๋ ˆ์Šˆํ‹ฐ Sala Dalles๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „ ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1947๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 2์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐ”์‹ค๋ฆฌ ์นธ๋”˜์Šคํ‚ค์™€ ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ†  ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ›์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ ˆ์•Œ๋ฆฌํ…Œ๋ˆ„๋ฒจ์šด๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ ๋‹ค. 1955๋…„ ์นธ๋”˜์Šคํ‚ค ์ƒ์„, 1959๋…„์—๋Š” ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, ๋ฐ”์ ค์˜ ์ฟค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์†Œ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

็ดๅก”่Ž‰ไบžยทๆœ็ฑณ่ฟชๆ–ฏๅค ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‘๋ฏธํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ฝ”

1918ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๆ…ถๅฐšๅ—้“ๆ™‰ๅทžๅธ‚๏ผŒๆ—ฅๆœฌๆฑไบฌๅฏฆ่ธๅฅณๅญๅคงๅญธ็•ขๆฅญๅพŒ๏ผŒ้€ฒๅ…ฅๆ ผๆœ—ๅพท่‚–็ฑณๅŸƒ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข็นผ็บŒๆทฑ้€ ใ€‚1959ๅนดๆฆฎ็ฒๅทด้ปŽ็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจๆตทๅค–ไฝœๅฎถ ็Ž๏ผŒ1991ๅนดๅ’Œ2001ๅนดๅˆ†ๅˆฅ็ฒๅพ—ๆณ•ๅœ‹ๆ”ฟๅบœ้ ’็™ผ็š„่—่ก“ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๅŠŸๅ‹ž้จŽๅฃซๅ‹ณ็ซ ๅ’Œ่—่ก“ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๅŠŸๅ‹ž่€…ๅ‹ณ็ซ ใ€‚1978ๅนดๅ’Œ1988ๅนดๅœจๅœ‹ๅฎถ็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€1998ๅนดๅœจ่—่ก“ๆฎฟ ๅ ‚ใ€2003ๅนดๅœจ็“ฆๆด›่ฃๆ–ฏ็พŽ่ก“้คจ็ญ‰่ˆ‰่กŒไบ†80ๅคšๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒ้‚„ๅƒๅŠ ไบ†1965ๅนดๆณ•ๅœ‹ๅœ‹ๅฎถ็พŽ่ก“ๅ”ๆœƒๅฑ•็ญ‰300ๅคšๆฌก้›†้ซ”ๅฑ•ใ€‚2009ๅนด3ๆœˆๅœจๆณ•ๅœ‹ๅ—้ƒจ็š„ๅœ–้›ท็‰น ๆ–ฏ้€ไธ–๏ผŒไบซๅนด92ๆญฒใ€‚

Rhee SeundJa ๆŽ่–ๅญ ์ด์„ฑ์ž

Born in Daedeok, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea in 1956, he majored in painting at Seoul National University and graduated in 1980. Afterwards, he moved to the U.S. and completed his graduate studies at College of Technology in Brooklyn, New York in 1988. Beginning with his first solo exhibition in 1985, he had solo exhibitions at Kumho Museum in 1991, Gana Art Gallery in 1992, 1997, Marisa del Re Gallery, New York in1996, and Gallery Hyundai in 1997. Furthermore, he participated in foreign art fairs such as FIAC, Paris in 1993, and Dubai Art Fair 2007.

Oh ChiGyun

Born in the U.S in 1938. Richard Pettibone has produced the works of Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Frank Stella and other Pop Artists into small versions. Since 2003, his works were recognized for its historical essence, and in November 2004, his work which reconstructed the โ€œThree Flagโ€ by Jasper Johns were auctioned off at a high price$354,000, attaining commercial achievements as well. 1938ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผ็พŽๅœ‹ใ€‚ 1960ๅนดๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹่‘—ๆ‰‹็›œ็”จๅ…ถไป–็พŽ่ก“ไฝœๅ“็š„Pettibone๏ผŒๆŠŠ้›œ่ชŒไธŠ็š„Andy Warholใ€Lichtensteinใ€Stellerใ€Jasper John็ญ‰่‘—ๅ็•ซ ๅฎถ็š„ๆต่กŒ่—่ก“ไฝœๅ“่ฎŠ็‚บ็•ซๅƒไธ”่ฃฝไฝœๅ…ถ็ธฎๅœ–็‰ˆๆœฌใ€‚ๅพž2003ๅนดไปฅไพ†Pettibone็š„ไฝœๅ“ๆˆ็‚บ้”้”ๆดพ็พŽ่ก“่ˆ‡ๆต่กŒ่—่ก“็š„ๆฉ‹ๆจ‘๏ผŒไนŸๆŠŠ็…ง็‰‡ๅ’Œ็นช็•ซไน‹้–“็š„ๆจก็ณŠ้—œไฟ‚ ๅ…ท้ซ”ๅŒ–ใ€‚ 2004ๅนด11ๆœˆ้ซ˜ๅƒนๆดพๅ‡บๅŽป็š„<Three Flags>ๆˆไบคๅƒนๆ˜ฏ354,000็พŽ้‡‘ใ€‚้€š้Ž้€™ไบ›็ฐกๅ–ฎ็š„็ธฎๅœ–ไฝœๅ“๏ผŒไฝœ่€…่กจ้”ไบ†ๅฐ็•ซๅฎถๅ‰ต้€ ้Ž็จ‹็š„ๆ‰น่ฉ•๏ผŒไนŸ่ณช็–‘ๆŸ ไบ›็•ซๅฎถ็š„ๆฌŠๅจๆ€งใ€‚

1956๋…„ ์ถฉ๋‚จ ๋Œ€๋• ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1980๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํšŒํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ๋„๋ฏธ, 1988๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ธŒ๋ฃฉํด๋ฆฐ ๊ณต์˜ˆ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์„ ๋งˆ์ณค๋‹ค. 1985๋…„ ์ฒซ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „ ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 1991๋…„ ๊ธˆํ˜ธ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 1992๋…„๊ณผ 1997๋…„์— ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•„ํŠธ์„ผํ„ฐ, 1996๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋ธ๋ ˆํ™”๋ž‘, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2007๋…„ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌํ˜„๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์™ธ์— ๋„ 1993๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ FIAC, 2007๋…„ ๋‘๋ฐ”์ด ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด ๋“ฑ ํ•ด์™ธ ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด์—๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

1938๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์šฉ๋ฏธ์ˆ (Appropriation Art)์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž์ด๋‹ค. 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํŽ˜ํ‹ฐ๋ณธ์€ ์•ค๋”” ์›Œํ™€, ๋กœ์ด ๋ฆฌํžˆํ…์Šˆํƒ€์ธ, ํ”„๋žญํฌ ์Šค ํ…”๋ผ, ์žฌ์Šคํผ ์กด์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒ์•„ํŠธ์˜ ์ „์„ค์ ์ธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์•„์ด์ฝ˜ํ™” ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์–ด์ฒ˜ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. 2003๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ 2004๋…„ 11์›” <์žฌ์Šคํผ ์กด์Šค์˜ Three Flags>๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์‹œ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด $354,000(ํ•œํ™” ์•ฝ 3์–ต 3์ฒœ๋งŒ์›)์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Richard Pettibone ็†ๆŸฅๅพทยทไฝฉ่’‚ไผฏๆฉ ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ํŽ˜ํ‹ฐ๋ณธ Born in Spain, in 1881. Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. As one of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist โ€˜Les Mademoiselles dโ€™Avignonโ€™ (1907) and โ€˜Guernicaโ€™ (1937), his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. Recently in 2008-2009, the Grand Palais in France held the โ€œLโ€™exposition Picasso et les maitresโ€.

Sa SukWon earned his B.F.A and M.F.A at Dongguk University in Korea and studied at the 8th University in Paris. He started to receive attention from the domestic art scene after winning the Grand Prize at the 3rd National Grand Exhibition of Art and held multiple independent exhibitions at home and abroad. Most of his paintings have personified objects that are uniquely colored and feature quick and realistic strokes to show a world of free creativity in which he adopts different forms or techniques, such as flat surfaces, Cubism, and Western painting techniques.

็•ขๅŠ ็ดข1881ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ่ฅฟ็ญ็‰™๏ผŒๆ˜ฏ็•ซๅฎถ๏ผŒ็นชๅœ–ๅธซๅŠ้›•ๅก‘ๅฎถใ€‚ไป–ๆ˜ฏไบŒๅไธ–็ด€่—ๅฃ‡ไธŠๆœ€่ถณ่ผ•้‡็š„ไบบ็‰ฉไน‹ไธ€๏ผŒๆ˜ฏโ€˜็ซ‹้ซ”ๆดพโ€™็š„ๅ‰ต็ซ‹่€…ไน‹ไธ€๏ผŒ่ตทไฝœๅ“้ขจๆ ผไปฅๅคšๆจฃๅŒ– ่ฆ‹็จฑใ€‚ๅ…ถๆœ€ไธ–่žๅ็š„ไฝœๅ“ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆ—ฉๆœŸ็ซ‹้ซ”ๆดพ้ขจๆ ผ็š„ใ€Šไบž็ถญ่พฒ็š„ๅฐ‘ๅฅณใ€‹(1970)๏ผŒไปฅๅŠๆๅฏซ่ฅฟ็ญ็‰™ๅ…งๆˆฐไธญๅพทๅœ‹่ฝŸ็‚ธๆ ผ็ˆพๅฐผ็š„ใ€Šๅพท็ˆพๅฐผใ€‹(1937)ใ€‚2008ๅนด่‡ณ2009ๅนด ้–“๏ผŒๆณ•ๅœ‹ๅคง็š‡ๅฎฎๅœ‹ๅฎถ็พŽ่ก“้คจๆ›ด่กŒไบ†ใ€Š็•ขๅŠ ็ดขๅ’Œๅคงๅธซๅ€‘ใ€‹ๅฑ•่ฆฝใ€‚

็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๆฑๅœ‹ๅคงๅญธๆœฌ็ง‘ๅ’Œ็ ”็ฉถ็”Ÿ้™ข๏ผŒ1989ๅนดๅœจๅทด้ปŽ็ฌฌๅ…ซๅคงๅญธ้€ฒไฟฎ็ขฉๅฃซ่ชฒ็จ‹ใ€‚ๆ›พๆฆฎ็ฒ็ฌฌไธ‰ๅฑ†ๅคง้Ÿ“ๆฐ‘ๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“ๅคงๅ…ธๅคง็Ž๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจ็นช็•ซ็•Œๅ—ๅˆฐ็Ÿš็›ฎ๏ผŒไน‹ๅพŒ้™ธ็บŒๅœจ ๅœ‹ๅ…งๅค–่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅคšๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบ็•ซๅฑ•ใ€‚ไป–็š„็•ซ้ขจๅ…ทๆœ‰็จ็‰น็š„่‰ฒๅฝฉๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒๆฎ็ญ†่‘—้‡ๅŠ›ๅบฆๅ’Œๆฐฃๅ‹ข๏ผŒไฝœๅ“ๅคš้‡‡็”จๆ“ฌไบบๅŒ–็š„ไธป้กŒ๏ผŒๅฐคๅ…ถๅœจ่ฅฟๆด‹็•ซๅ’Œๅนณ้ขใ€็ซ‹้ซ”็ญ‰ๅ„็จฎๆ ผๅผ ไน‹้–“็ฉฟๆขญ๏ผŒๅฐ‡่‡ช็”ฑ็š„ๅ‰ตไฝœไธ–็•Œ็™ผๆฎๅพ—ๆท‹ๆผ“็›ก่‡ดใ€‚

1881๋…„ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•œ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ •๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์–ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํ๋น„์ฆ˜์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ธ โ€˜์•„๋น„๋‡ฝ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋…€๋“คโ€™, ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋‚ด์ „์—์„œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ•™์‚ด๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ์นด ํ•™์‚ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐœํ•œ โ€˜๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ์นดโ€™ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ 2008-2009๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ž‘ํŒ”๋ ˆ์—์„œ โ€˜ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ์™€ ์Šค์Šน๋“คโ€™ ์ „์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋™๊ตญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ ๋™๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์กธ์—…. 1989๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ œ8๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ3ํšŒ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€์ „ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™”๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์†๋„๊ฐ, ํ˜„์žฅ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ“์งˆ๋กœ ์˜์ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ์–‘ํ™”์™€ ํ‰๋ฉด, ์ž…์ฒด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ฐฝ์ž‘์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค.

Sa SukWon

ๅทดๅ‹ƒ็พ…ยท็•ขๅŠ ็ดข ํŒŒ๋ธ”๋กœ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ

ๅฒๅฅญๆบ ์‚ฌ์„์› Born in 1931, he graduated from the college of fine arts at Hongik University in 1954, completed the honorary doctorate in Fine Art in 2000. In 1961, he ranked the first place at the World Young Artists Competition, Paris, and won the 11th Korean Cultural Art Award in 1979, and Okgwan Order of Cultural Merit in 1994. He had numerous solo exhibitions including the National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea in 1991, Gyeonggi Museum of Modern Art, Arario, Beijing, Musรฉe dโ€™Art Moderne de Saint-Etienne Mรฉtropole in 2007, and Arario, New York in 2008. He participated in various Art Fairs and Biennale including Paris Biennale in 1963 Sรฃo Paulo Biennale in 1965, KIAF(Korean Internationl Art Fair)in 2008, National Museum of Contemporary art, Korea and Roh Gallery in 2009. From 1994, he founded Seobo Arts and Cultural Foundation, and he filled the post of an honorary professor of the college of fine arts in Hongik University. 1931ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿ๏ผŒ1954ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธ็พŽ่ก“็ณป๏ผŒ2000ๅนดๅฎŒๆˆไบ†ๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธๅ่ญฝ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธๅšๅฃซๅญธไฝใ€‚1961ๅนดๅœจไธ–็•Œ้’ๅนด็•ซๅฎถๅทด้ปŽๅคง่ณฝไธŠ็ฒๅพ—็ฌฌไธ€ๅ๏ผŒ1979ๅนด ๆฆฎ็ฒ็ฌฌๅไธ€ๅฑ†้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–่—่ก“็Ž๏ผŒ1994ๅนด็ฒๅพ—็Ž‰ๅ† ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ๅ‹ณ็ซ ใ€‚ๆ›พๅœจๅœ‹ๅฎถ็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ(1991)ใ€ไบฌ็•ฟ้“็พŽ่ก“้คจ(2007)ใ€ๅŒ—ไบฌ้˜ฟๆ‹‰้‡Œๅฅง็•ซๅปŠ(2007)ใ€ๆณ•ๅœ‹็•ถไปฃ ่—่ก“ๅš็‰ฉ้คจ(2007)ใ€็ด็ด„้˜ฟๆ‹‰้‡Œๅฅง็•ซๅปŠ(2008)็ญ‰่ˆ‰่พฆ้Žๅคšๆฌกๅ€‹ไบบๅฑ•ใ€‚ๅ…ˆๅพŒๅƒๅŠ ้Ž1963ๅนด็š„ๆณ•ๅœ‹้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ใ€1965ๅนดๅ’Œ1975ๅนด็š„่–ไฟ็พ…้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ใ€2008ๅนด็š„ KIAFใ€2009ๅนดๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€Rho gallery็ญ‰่จฑๅคš้›™ๅนดๅฑ•ๅ’Œ้›†้ซ”็•ซๅฑ•ใ€‚1994ๅนดๆˆ็ซ‹ไบ†ๆ –็”ซ็พŽ่ก“ๆ–‡ๅŒ–่ฒกๅœ˜๏ผŒ็›ฎๅ‰ๅœจๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธ็พŽ่ก“็ณปไปปๅ่ญฝๆ•™ๆŽˆใ€‚

Park SeoBo ๆœดๆ –็”ซ ๋ฐ•์„œ๋ณด

178

1918๋…„ ๊ฒฝ๋‚จ ์ง„์ฃผ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋„์ฟ„ ์ง“์„ผ์—ฌ์ž๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—… ํ›„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ๋“œ ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ž‘ ์‡ผ๋ฏธ์—๋ฅด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1959๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ํ•ด์™ธ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ํ•˜๊ณ  1991๋…„, 2001๋…„ ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ณต๋กœ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ํ›ˆ์žฅ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ณต๋กœ์ž ํ›ˆ์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ›ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1978๋…„๊ณผ 1988๋…„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 1998 ๋…„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์ „๋‹น, 2003๋…„ ๋ฐœ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ 80์—ฌ ํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „๊ณผ 1965๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ˜‘ํšŒ์ „์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 300์—ฌ ํšŒ์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. 2009๋…„ 3์›” ๋‚จ๋ถˆ ํˆฌ ๋ ˆํŠธ์—์„œ ํ–ฅ๋…„ 92์„ธ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

1956ๅนดๅ‡บ็”ŸไบŽๅฟ ๆธ…ๅ—้“ๅคงๅพท๏ผŒ1980ๅนดๆฏ•ไธšไบŽ้ฆ–ๅฐ”ๅ›ฝ็ซ‹ๅคงๅญฆ็พŽๆœฏๅคงๅญฆ็ป˜็”ป็ณป๏ผŒไน‹ๅŽๅ‰ๅพ€็พŽๅ›ฝ๏ผŒไบŽ1988ๅนด็พŽๅ›ฝๅธƒ้ฒๅ…‹ๆž—ๅทฅ่‰บๅคงๅญฆ็ ”็ฉถ็”Ÿ้™ขๆฏ•ไธšใ€‚1985 ๅนดไธพๅŠž้ฆ–ๆฌกไธชๅฑ•ๅŽ๏ผŒ1991ๅนดๅœจ้”ฆๆน–็พŽๆœฏ้ฆ†ใ€1992ๅนดๅ’Œ1997ๅนดๅœจGANA็”ปๅปŠใ€1996ๅนดๅœจ็บฝ็บฆMarisa del Re็”ปๅปŠใ€2007ๅนดๅœจๅฝ“ไปฃ็”ปๅปŠไธพๅŠžไบ†ไธชๅฑ•ใ€‚ๆญค ๅค–๏ผŒ่ฟ˜ๅ‚ๅŠ ไบ†1993ๅนดๅทด้ปŽFIACใ€2007ๅนด่ฟชๆ‹œๅ›ฝ้™…่‰บๆœฏๅš่งˆไผš็ญ‰ๆตทๅค–่‰บๆœฏๅš่งˆไผšใ€‚

ๅดๆฒปๅ‡ ์˜ค์น˜๊ท 

Pablo Picasso

1922๋…„ ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์— ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1938๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฐ๋ณด์ž๋ฅด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 1949๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„๋ฐฉ๊ฐ€๋ฅด๋“œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ฝ”๋ธŒ๋ผ์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์›€์ง ์ž„์˜ ํ‚ค๋„คํ‹ฑ ์•„ํŠธ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํด ๋ทฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1955๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ <์šด๋™์ „>์— ์ถœํ’ˆํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ํ‚ค๋„คํ‹ฑ ์•„ํŠธ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์ „์— ์ถœํ’ˆํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1966๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2001๋…„ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„๋Œ€, 2006๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํํ”ผ๋‘์„ผํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ์žˆ๋Š” 1964๋…„ ์ž‘ โ€˜ํฐ ์ โ€™์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 2005๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค

1931๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1954๋…„ ํ™์ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1961๋…„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฒญ๋…„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , 1979๋…„ ์ œ11ํšŒ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ƒ๊ณผ 1994 ๋…„ ์˜ฅ๊ด€๋ฌธํ™”ํ›ˆ์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ›ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1991๋…„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2007๋…„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ์•„๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•, ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœํด ์ƒ๋–ผ๋ ์—”๋Š ๊ทผ๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2008๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ์•„๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋“ฑ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1963๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ, 1965๋…„๊ณผ 1975๋…„ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ, 2008๋…„ KIAF, 2009๋…„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, ๋…ธํ™”๋ž‘ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ ์™€ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ „์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1994๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žฌ๋‹จ๋ฒ•์ธ ์„œ๋ณด ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Born in Tokyo, Japan in 1962. Murakami received his BFA, MFA and PHD degrees from the National University of Fine Arts and Music in Tokyo. He was a visiting professor at the school of Architecture at UCLA and organized a group of young artists called โ€œHIROPON FACTORY.โ€ From this group of artists, Murakami developed an art production company called โ€œKAIKAI KIKI.โ€ The artist has held exhibitions around the world in many prominent museums and galleries. Recently in 2008, he held a solo exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum in New York. His major exhibitions include exhibits at Marianne Boesky Gallery, New York in 2003, Foundation Cartier pour Lโ€™art Contemporain, Paris in 2002, Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo in 2001, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston in 2001 and many more. ๆ‘ไธŠ้š†1962ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผๆ—ฅๆœฌๆฑไบฌ๏ผŒๆ–ผๅœ‹็ซ‹ๆฑไบฌ่—่ก“ๅคงๅญธๅ–ๅพ—ๅญธๅฃซใ€็ขฉๅฃซๅŠๅšๅฃซๅญธไฝใ€‚ๅœจ็พŽๅœ‹ๅŠ ๅทžๅคงๅญธๆด›ๆ‰็ฃฏๅˆ†ๆ กไปปๅฎขๅบงๆ•™ๆŽˆๆœŸ้–“๏ผŒ็‚บไธ€็พคๅนด่ผ•่—่ก“ๅฎถๆˆ็ซ‹ ไบ†Hiropon Factory๏ผŒๅ…ถๅพŒ็™ผๅฑ•ๆˆ็‚บKaikai Kik่—่ก“ๅทฅๆˆฟใ€‚ๆ‘ไธŠ้š†ๅœจๅœ‹้š›่—ๅฃ‡ไบซ่ฒ ็››ๅ๏ผŒไฝœๅ“ๅธธๆ–ผไธ–็•Œ่‘—ๅ็š„ๅš็‰ฉ้คจๅŠ่—ๅปŠๅฑ•ๅ‡บ๏ผŒ2008ๅนดๆ›พๅœจ็ด็ด„ๅธƒ้ญฏ ๅ…‹ๆž—็พŽ่ก“้คจ่ˆ‰่กŒๅ€‹ๅฑ•๏ผŒๅ…ถไป–ๅ…ทไปฃ่กจๆ€ง็š„ๅฑ•ๅ‡บๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๅœจ็ด็ด„Marianne Boesky่—ๅปŠ(2003ๅนด)ใ€ๅทด้ปŽๅกๅœฐไบž่—่ก“ๅŸบ้‡‘(2002ๅนด)ใ€ๆฑไบฌ้ƒฝ็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ(2001)ใ€ ๆณขๅฃซ้ “่—่ก“ๅš็‰ฉ้คจ(2001ๅนด)่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„ๅฑ•่ฆฝใ€‚

Takashi Murakami ๆ‘ไธŠ้š† ๋‹ค์นด์‹œ ๋ฌด๋ผ์นด๋ฏธ

1962๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋„์ฟ„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ฟ„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ UCLA์˜ ๊ฐ์›๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์žฌ์งํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘ ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์ Š์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน โ€˜ํžˆ๋กœํฐ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌโ€™ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ 2001๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ โ€˜์นด์ด์นด์ด ํ‚คํ‚คโ€™๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ Š์€ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2001๋…„ ๋„์ฟ„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2002๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊นŒ๋ฅด๋ ์— ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์žฌ๋‹จ, 2003๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ๋ณด์—์Šคํ‚ค๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 2008๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ํŽผ์ณค๋‹ค.

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Born in 1959 in Kunming, China, Tang ZhiGang joined the military under the influence of his father, who was a high-ranking military officer, and worked as a solder in charge of military propaganda art. He was drafted to the Sino-Vietnamese War in 1979 and returned home in 1983 with a third-level distinguished service decoration. In the same year, he entered an art school in Nanjing to learn oil painting. He studied at the Central Academy of Fine Art in 1985 and continued his study at the Peopleโ€™s Liberation Army Art Institute the next year. Tired of the army life, he began to organize art exhibitions in 1997. In 1998, he participated in an exhibition for young artists active in the southwestern area in China for the first time. His work has been shown throughout the world, including in Hong Kong, Paris, and Amsterdam, among others. He currently lives and works in Beijing.

Born in 1928, he studied at Seoul National University majoring in Western Painting then graduated from Hongik University majoring in in Western Painting in 1957. He was awarded the Grand Prize from the Korea Grand Art Exhibition in 1978. Starting with his first solo exhibition at the Press Center Gallery in 1966, he participated in Sรฃo Paulo Biennale in 1969 and 1975. He had numerous solo and group exhibitions in and out of Korea including at Tokyo Central Museum in 1977,Tate Gallery, Liverpool in 1992 and National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea in 1994. He served as a dean of the college of arts from 1988 to 1989 and a chancellor at Kyungwon University from 1990 to 1992. 1928ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๅคงๅญธ่ฅฟๆด‹ๅญธ็ณป็ตๆฅญ๏ผŒ1957ๅนดๅผ˜็›Šๅคงๅญธ่ฅฟๆด‹็•ซ็ณป็•ขๆฅญใ€‚1978ๅนดๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹็พŽ่ก“ๅคง็Žๅฑ•ไธŠๆฆฎ็ฒๅคง็Žใ€‚1966ๅนดๅœจๆ–ฐ่žๆœƒ้คจ่ˆ‰่พฆ้ฆ–ๆฌกๅ€‹ๅฑ•ๅพŒ๏ผŒ 1969ๅนด่‡ณ1975ๅนดๅƒๅŠ ไบ†่–ไฟ็พ…้›™ๅนดๅฑ•๏ผŒ1977ๅนดๅœจๆฑไบฌไธญๅคฎ็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€1992ๅนดๅœจๆณฐ็‰นๅˆฉ็‰ฉๆตฆ็•ซๅปŠใ€1994ๅนดๅœจๅœ‹็ซ‹็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจ็ญ‰่ˆ‰่พฆไบ†ๅคšๆฌกๅ€‹ๅฑ•ๅŠ่ฏๅฑ•ใ€‚ 1988ๅนดๅˆฐ1989ๅนดๆ›พๆ“”ไปปๆšปๅœ’ๅคงๅญธ่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ข้™ข้•ท๏ผŒ1990ๅนดๅˆฐ1992ๅนดๆ›พๆ“”ไปปๆšปๅœ’ๅคงๅญธๆ ก้•ทใ€‚

1959ๅนดๅ”ๅฟ—ๅ‰›ๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผไธญๅœ‹ๆ˜†ๆ˜Ž๏ผŒไป–ๅœจ่ป้šŠ้ซ˜ๅนน็ˆถ่ฆช็š„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟไธ‹้žๅธธ่‡ช็„ถๅœฐๅ…ฅไผ๏ผŒไธฆๆˆ็ˆฒไธ€ๅ็พŽ่ก“ๅ…ตใ€‚1979ๅนดไป–ๅƒๅŠ ไบ†่ถŠๅ—ๆˆฐ็ˆญ๏ผŒ1983ๅนดๅ›žๅœ‹๏ผŒไธฆๆฆฎ็ฒ ไบ†ไธ‰็ญ‰ๅ‹ณ็ซ ใ€‚ๅŒไธ€ๅนด๏ผŒไป–่€ƒๅ…ฅๅ—ไบฌ่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ขๆฒน็•ซ็ณปใ€‚1985ๅนดๅœจไธญๅคฎ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ขๅญธ็ฟ’๏ผŒๆฌกๅนด่€ƒๅ…ฅ่งฃๆ”พ่ป่—่ก“ๅญธ้™ข้€ฒ่กŒๆทฑ้€ ใ€‚1997ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๅฐ่ป้šŠ็”Ÿๆดปๆ„Ÿๅˆฐ ๅŽญๅ€ฆ๏ผŒ้–‹ๅง‹็ฉๆฅต็ต„็น”่—่ก“ๅฎถไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•๏ผŒๅœจ้ฆ™ๆธฏใ€ๅทด้ปŽใ€้˜ฟๅง†ๆ–ฏ็‰นไธน็ญ‰ๅœฐ่ˆ‰่พฆ้Žไฝœๅ“ๅฑ•ใ€‚ๅพž1995ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ๆˆ็ซ‹่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๅทฅไฝœๅฎค๏ผŒไธฆไธ€็›ดๆดป่บๆ–ผ็พŽ่ก“็•Œใ€‚

Tang ZhiGang ๅ”ๅฟ—ๅฒก ํƒ• ์ฆˆ๊ฐ•

1959๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ฟค๋ฐ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์œ„์ง ๊ฐ„๋ถ€์˜€๋˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์— ์ž…๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1979๋…„ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ-์ค‘๊ตญ ์ „์„ ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜ ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 1983๋…„ ๋Œ์•„์™€ 3๋“ฑ ํ›ˆ์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๊ฐ™์€ํ•ด ๋‚œ์ง•์˜ˆ์ˆ ํ•™์› ์œ ํ™”๊ณผ์— ์ž…ํ•™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1985๋…„์—๋Š” ์ค‘์•™๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™์›์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ฌํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ตฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ํ•™์› ์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค. 1997๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€ ์ƒํ™œ์— ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ „์‹œํ™œ๋™์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1998๋…„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์„œ๋‚จ์ง€ ์—ญ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ํ™์ฝฉ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ, ์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ณ  1995๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์— ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆํ™œ๋™์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Yun HyungKeun ๅฐนไบจๆ น ์œคํ˜•๊ทผ

Born in Wuhan, China in 1964, Zeng FanZhi graduated from Hebei Academy of Fine Arts with a degree in oil painting in 1991. His works also stood out in 2006 and 2007 Art Basel. His retrospective exhibition was held at Singapore Art Museum in 2007. His solo exhibitions were also showcased in Seoul and France, and in February 2008 the exhibition entitled, โ€œIn Face East: Contemporary Asian Portraiture,โ€ was held in London. His works were once again displayed through Wedel Fine Arts Exhibition. Currently he is working in Beijing and he is one of the major artists of renowned galleries such as Shang ART and, Gagosian.

Born in Ohio, USA in 1931,Tom Wesselmann began drawing cartoons while in military service between 1953 and 1954. He studied cartoon at the Art Academy of Cincinnati, but changed his major to fine arts at Cooper Union. As a representative painter of American Pop Art in the 1960s, he mainly worked in nude bodies, still lifes, and landscapes, instead of Abstract Expressionism that was in fashion at that time. He is best known with the <Great American Nude> series portrayed in two-dimensional form and intense colors. 1931ๅนด็”Ÿๆ–ผ่พ›้‚ฃๆๅธ‚๏ผŒ53-54ๅนดๅœจ่ป้šŠๅญธๆผซ็•ซ๏ผŒไธฆๅœจ่พ›่พ›้‚ฃๆๅคงๅญธๅญธ็ฟ’ๅฟƒ็†ๅญธไธฆไธŠ่—่ก“่ชฒ๏ผŒ ้–‹ๅง‹ๅœจๆผซ็•ซ้›œ่ชŒไธŠ็™ผ่กจไฝœๅ“ใ€‚็•ขๆฅญๅพŒๆŠŠ้—œๅฟƒ่ฝ‰็งปๅˆฐ็ด”็ฒน็พŽ ่ก“ใ€‚ ไป–ไปฅใ€Š็พŽๅœ‹ไบบๅคง่ฃธ้ซ”ใ€‹่€Œๆˆๅ๏ผŒไป–ๆ“…้•ทๆ”พๅคงไบบ้ซ”็š„ๅฑ€้ƒจ่€Œ้€ฒ่กŒๆ็นช๏ผŒไป–ๅพžไบบ้ซ”็š„ๅ„ๅ€‹้ƒจๅˆ†ๅฐ‹ๆ‰พ็ทšๆขๅ’Œ่ชž่จ€่ฉžๅฝ™๏ผŒไป–็š„่ฃธ้ซ”่ฎŠๅพ—่ถŠ้šจๆ„ๅ’Œๅนณ้ข๏ผŒๅฝข้ซ” ็š„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆบๅฐฑ่ถŠ่™›ๅนปใ€‚ไป–ๅœจไธป้กŒๅ’Œ็พŽๅญธไน‹้–“ๅพ˜ๅพŠ๏ผŒๅฐไธป้กŒๅ’ŒๆŠฝ่ฑกๅ…งๅฎนๆ›ด็‚บ้—œๆณจ๏ผŒไธป้กŒๆ›ด็‚บๅฎข่ง€ใ€ๅฝข่ฑกๆ›ด็‚บไธป่ง€๏ผŒไป–็”จ่‰ฒๅฝฉๆถˆ้™คไธ‰็ถญ็‰ฉ้ซ”็š„้€ผ็œŸๆ•ˆๆžœใ€‚

Tom Wesselmann

1931๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 53-54๋…„ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์‹œ๋‚ดํ‹ฐ ์•„ํŠธ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์กธ์—… ํ›„ ๋‰ด์š• ์ฟ ํผ ์œ ๋‹ˆ์˜จ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 60๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŒ์•„ํŠธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‹น์‹œ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋˜ ์ถ”์ƒํ‘œํ˜„์ฃผ์˜ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‚˜์ฒด, ์ •๋ฌผ, ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ํ‰๋ฉด์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌ ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์˜ <์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚˜์ฒด>์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ๆนฏๅง†โˆ™้Ÿ‹ๅกž็ˆพๆ›ผ ํƒ ์›จ์Šฌ๋งŒ

1964ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๅœจๆญฆๆผขใ€‚ๅœจๆฒณๅŒ—็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ขๆฒน็•ซๅฐˆๆฅญๅญธ็ฟ’,1991ๅนด็•ขๆฅญใ€‚้ฆ™ๆธฏ็š„ไธ€ๅ€‹่—่ก“็•ซๅปŠ(1993ๅนด)็š„ๅ€‹ไบบๅฑ•ๅค–ๅ‰ต้€ ไบ†ๅพˆๅคšๅฑ•่ฆฝ็ด€้Œ„ใ€‚2002ๅนด้ฆ–ๆฌกๅœจ็ฌฌไธ€ ๅฑ†ๅปฃๅทžไธ‰ๅนดๅฑ•่ฃกๅพ—ๅˆฐ้‚€่ซ‹, ๅŒๅนดๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹, ๅทด้ปŽ, ไธŠๆตทไนŸๅƒๅŠ ๅฑ•่ฆฝใ€‚ไน‹ๅพŒๅคšๆฌกๅœจ ไธญๅœ‹, ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹, ๆญๆดฒ็ญ‰ๅœฐๅƒๅŠ ๅฑ•่ฆฝใ€‚2006ๅนด, 2007ๅนด่—่ก“ๅทดๅกž็ˆพไนŸๆ˜ฏๅถ„้œฒ้ ญ ่ง’ใ€‚2007ๅนดๆ–ฐๅŠ ๅก็พŽ่ก“้คจ็š„ๅ›ž้กงๅฑ•ใ€‚2008ๅนด2ๆœˆๅœจๅ€ซๆ•ฆ้€š้Žโ€˜ๆฑๆ–น็š„่‡‰๏ผšๅŒๆ™‚ไปฃไบžๆดฒ่‚–ๅƒโ€™ๅฑ•ๅพžๆ–ฐๅฑ•็คบ่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ไฝœๅ“ใ€‚็พๅœจๅทฅไฝœๅœจๅŒ—ไบฌ, ๆ˜ฏ้ฆ™ๆ ผ็ด็•ซๅปŠ, ้ซ˜ๅค่ป’็•ซๅปŠ็ญ‰ๆœ‰ๅ็•ซๅปŠ็š„ไปฃ่กจไฝœๅฎถใ€‚

Zeng FanZhi ๆ›พๆขตๅฟ— ์ • ํŒ์ฆˆ

Wang Yidong was born in Yimeng Mountain area of Shandong Province, China in 1955. In 1982, he graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Art, Beijing and has been teaching there ever since. He is known for his portrait studies, in particular, of the people of his native regions and is regarded as one of the representatives of Chinese Oil Portraits in the modern era. He participated in the 16th International Art Fair, France and the Sixth Asian Art Fair, Japan in 1984. In 1986, he participated in the Seventh Asian Art Fair, India.

1958ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๅœจไธญๅ›ฝๆ˜†ๆ˜Žใ€‚1982ๅนดๆฏ•ไธšไบŽๅ››ๅท็พŽๆœฏๅญฆ้™ขใ€‚ๆœ€่ฟ‘็š„ๆดปๅŠจๆœ‰1989ๅนดๅ››ๅท็Žฐไปฃ็พŽๆœฏๅญฆ้™ขโ€œๆขฆๆธธโ€ใ€ๅŒๅนดๅŒ—ไบฌไธญๅ›ฝ็พŽๆœฏ็”ปๅปŠโ€œไธญๅ›ฝๅ‰ๅซ่‰บๆœฏโ€ๅฑ•็ญ‰ใ€‚ 1993ๅนดไผฆๆ•ฆ้ฉฌไนไผฏ็”ปๅปŠใ€้ฆ™ๆธฏ็š„้ฆ™ๆธฏ่‰บๆœฏไธญๅฟƒใ€ๆพณๅคงๅˆฉไบšๆ‚‰ๅฐผ็š„็Žฐไปฃ็พŽๆœฏ้ฆ†ๅผ€็š„โ€œ1989ๅนดไปฅๅŽไธญๅ›ฝ็š„ๆ–ฐ็พŽๆœฏโ€็ญ‰ๅฑ•่งˆๅฑ•ๅ‡บไฝœๅ“ใ€‚่ฟ˜ๆœ‰2002ๅนด้ฆ–ๅฐ”ๅ›ฝ็ซ‹ ็Žฐไปฃ็พŽๆœฏ้ฆ†โ€œๅทดๅˆซ2002ๅฑ•็คบโ€ๅฑ•่งˆใ€2005ๅนด็บฝ็บฆ Max Protetch็š„โ€œๅผ ๆ™“ๅˆš200โ€ๅฑ•ใ€2006ๅนด้ฆ–ๅฐ”้ฆ–ๅฐ”็”ปๅปŠ่‰บๆœฏๅกžๅฐ”ๅพท็š„โ€œๅคฑๅŽป่ฎฐๅฟ†ใ€่ฎฐๅฟ†โ€ๅฑ•่งˆใ€‚

1955๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์‚ฐ๋™์„ฑ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1982๋…„ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง• ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์œ ํ™”๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์žฌ์ง ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฏผ์กฑ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผํ™”๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธ๋ฌผํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒํ™” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์™•์ด๋™์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ œ16ํšŒ ๊ตญ์ œ ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด์™€ 1984๋…„๊ณผ 1986๋…„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ผ๋ณธ ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ œ 6ํšŒ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด, ์ œ 7ํšŒ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์•„ํŠธํŽ˜์–ด ๋“ฑ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Zhang XiaoGang

็Ž‹ๆฒ‚ๆฑ ์™•์ด๋™

1964๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์šฐํ•œ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ—ˆ๋ฒ ์ด ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์œ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ „๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  1991๋…„ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™์ฝฉ ํ•œ์•„ํŠธ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ „์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ, ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ „์‹œ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , 2006, 2007๋…„ ์•„ํŠธ ๋ฐ”์ ค์—์„œ๋„ ๋‘๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. 2007๋…„ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํด ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ „, ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์— ์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 2008๋…„ 2์›”์—๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ โ€˜๋™๋ฐฉ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด: ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ดˆ์ƒโ€™์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜ ๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒน ์•„ํŠธ, ๊ฐ€๊ณ ์‹œ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ ์œ ๋ช… ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.

Born in Kunming, China in 1958, Zhang graduated from Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts. Through solo and group exhibitions his artworks are being encountered internationally. His recent exhibitions include โ€œLost in the Dreamsโ€ exhibited at Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts in 1989 and โ€œChinese Avant-gardeโ€ at Beijing Art Gallery in the same year. His works were also exhibited at Marlboro Fine Art, London in 1993, Hong Kong Art Center, and โ€œNew Chinese Art Post-1989โ€ at the Museum of Modern Art, Sydney, Australia. Other exhibitions include โ€œBabel 2002 Exhibitionโ€ at National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul in 2002, โ€œZhang Xiaogang 2005โ€ at Max Protetch Gallery, New York, and โ€œLoss of Memory and Memoryโ€ at Seoul Gallery Art Side in 2006.

1955ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผไธญๅœ‹ๅฑฑๆฑ๏ผŒ1982ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผๅŒ—ไบฌ็พŽ่ก“ๅญธ้™ข๏ผŒ็พ็ˆฒๆฒน็•ซ็ณปๆ•™ๆŽˆใ€‚ๅฐคไปฅๆ็นชไธญๅœ‹ๅฐ‘ๆ•ธๆฐ‘ๆ—ๅ’Œๅ„ๅœฐๆ–น่€็™พๅง“็š„ไบบ็‰ฉ็•ซ่€Œ่‘—็จฑ๏ผŒๆ˜ฏ็พไปฃไธญๅœ‹ไบบ็‰ฉ ็•ซ็š„ไปฃ่กจ็•ซๅฎถ๏ผŒๆ›พๅƒๅŠ ้Žๅœจๆณ•ๅœ‹่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„็ฌฌๅๅ…ญๅฑ†ๅœ‹้š›่—่ก“็ฏ€๏ผŒ้‚„ๆœ‰1984ๅนดๅ’Œ1984ๅนดๅˆ†ๅˆฅๅœจๆ—ฅๆœฌๅ’Œๅฐๅบฆ่ˆ‰่พฆ็š„็ฌฌๅ…ญใ€็ฌฌไธƒๅฑ†ไบžๆดฒ่—่ก“็ฏ€ใ€‚

Wang YiDong

1928๋…„ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์„œ์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ•œ ๋’ค, 1957๋…„ ํ™์ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1978๋…„์— ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ „์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1966๋…„ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ํšŒ๊ด€์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 1969๋…„์—์„œ 1975๋…„์—๋Š” ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ ๋น„์—”๋‚ ๋ ˆ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , 1977๋…„ ๋„์ฟ„ ์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€๊ณผ 1992๋…„ ํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, 1994๋…„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ „์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1988๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1989๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์›๋Œ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์žฅ์„, 1990๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1992๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์›๋Œ€ ์ด์žฅ์„ ์—ญ ์ž„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

ๅผตๆ›‰ๅ‰› ์žฅ ์ƒค์˜ค๊ฐ•

1958๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ฟค๋ฐ์‹œ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1982๋…„ ์“ฐ์ดจ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™์›๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1989๋…„ ์“ฐ์ดจ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™์›์—์„œ โ€œ๊ฟˆ์†์—์„œ ํ—ค๋งค๋‹คโ€, ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์•„๋ฐฉ๊ฐ€๋ฅด๋“œ์ „ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1993๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๋ง๋ณด๋กœ ํŒŒ์ธ ์•„ํŠธ, ํ™์ฝฉ ์•„ํŠธ์„ผํ„ฐ, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ โ€œ1989๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธ์ˆ โ€์—๋„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์ „์‹œ๋ ๋‹ค. 2002๋…„ ์„œ์šธ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š” โ€œ๋ฐ”๋ฒจ 2002 ์ „์‹œโ€๋ฅผ 2005๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๋งฅ์Šค ํ”„๋กœํ…Œํฌ์—์„œ โ€œ์žฅ ์ƒค์˜ค๊ฐ• 2005โ€์ „, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2006๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์•„ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ๋Š” โ€œ๊ธฐ์–ต์ƒ์‹ค, ๊ธฐ์–ตโ€์ „์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Wifredo Lam was born in 1902 in Cuba, to a Chinese father and mother of African, Indian, and Caucasian descent. He studied painting at the Escuela de Bellas Artes in Havana, Cuba, from 1918 to 1923. He moved to Spain in 1924 to further his studies and joined the Surrealism movement in Paris in 1938. He was awarded first prize at the 1951 National Salon in Cuba, the gold prize at the 1953 Premlo Lissone in Rome, and the 1964 Guggenheim International Award. As a representative artist of the Late Surrealism movement, Wifredo Lam left many works including his masterpiece โ€˜Jungleโ€™ (1943). He died in Paris in 1982. ็ถญๅคซ่Šๅคšยทๆ‹‰ๅง†1902ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๆ–ผๅคๅทดๅคง่–ฉ็“œ๏ผŒไป–็š„็ˆถ่ฆชๆ˜ฏไธญๅœ‹ไบบ๏ผŒ่€Œๆฏ่ฆชๆ˜ฏๅธถๆœ‰้žๆดฒใ€ๅฐ็ฌฌๅฎ‰ใ€็™ฝไบบ่ก€็ตฑ็š„ๆทท่ก€ๅ…’ใ€‚ๅพž1918ๅนด้–‹ๅง‹ไป–ๅœจๅคๅทดๅ“ˆ็“ฆ้‚ฃ็š„ Escuela de Bellas Artesๅญธ็ฟ’็นช็•ซใ€‚1924ๅนดๅˆฐ่ฅฟ็ญ็‰™๏ผŒ1938ๅนดๅˆๅŽปๅทด้ปŽ๏ผŒไธฆๅƒ่ˆ‡่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉ้‹ๅ‹•ใ€‚1951ๅนดไป–ๅœจๅคๅทดๅœ‹็ซ‹ๆฒ™้พๅฑ•ไธŠๆฆฎ็ฒ็ฌฌไธ€๏ผŒ1953ๅœจ ็พ…้ฆฌPremlo Lissoneๆฆฎ็ฒ้‡‘็Ž๏ผŒ1964ๅนดๆฆฎ็ฒ็ด็ด„ๅคๆ นๆตทๅง†ๅœ‹้š›็Ž๏ผŒ้€™ไบ›ๆฆฎ่ญฝ่ฎ“ไป–ๅ่ฒๅคงๅ™ชใ€‚ไฝœ็ˆฒๅฐ้ญ”่ก“่ˆ‡ๅ’’่ก“ๆŒๆœ‰่ˆˆ่ถฃ็š„่ถ…็พๅฏฆไธป็พฉๅพŒๆœŸไปฃ่กจๆ€ง่—่ก“ ๅฎถ๏ผŒไป–ๆ–ผ1943ๅนดๅ‰ตไฝœ็š„ไปฃ่กจไฝœโ€œๅฏ†ๆž—โ€่ขซๆ”ถ่—ๅœจ็ด็ด„็พไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้คจใ€‚1982ๅนดไป–ๅœจๅทด้ปŽๅŽปไธ–ใ€‚

Wifredo Lam ็ถญๅคซ่Šๅคšยทๆ‹‰ๅง† ์œ„ํ”„๋ ˆ๋„ ๋žจ

1902๋…„ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์—์„œ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„ํ”„๋ ˆ๋„ ๋žจ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ ๋ถ€์นœ๊ณผ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นธ, ์ธ๋””์–ธ, ๋ฐฑ์ธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์ธ ๋ชจ์นœ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 1918๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฟ ๋ฐ” ํ•˜๋ฐ”๋‚˜์˜ Escuela de Bellas Artes์—์„œ ํšŒํ™” ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 1924๋…„ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„ 1938๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‰ฌ๋ฅด๋ ˆ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์šด๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1951๋…„ ์ฟ ๋ฐ” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์‚ด๋กฑ์ „์—์„œ 1์œ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  1953๋…„ ๋กœ๋งˆ Premlo Lissone์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1964๋…„ ๋‰ด์š• ๊ตฌ๊ฒํ•˜์ž„ ๊ตญ์ œ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์ด์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ˆ ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘” ์‰ฌ๋ฅด ๋ ˆ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ์žˆ๋Š” 1943๋…„ ์ž‘ โ€˜๋ฐ€๋ฆผโ€™์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1982๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Born in Nagano, Japan in 1929, she graduated from Art Students League in 1957. After moving to the U.S. in 1957, she began her work on soft sculpture, huge paintings and installation works using electricity and mirror. Her works were exhibited at prestigious art galleries and museums such as Whitney Museum, New York in 1999, Mori Art Museum, Tokyo in 2004 and Robert Miller Gallery, New York, in 2006. And recently, in 2007, she held exhibitions in Korea, Australia and London. In February, her works were displayed at the Carnegie Center in Washington D.C. in 2008, and her documentary film was played in Japan as well. Moreover, she worked on photographic works with Araki Nobuyoshi, fashion with Issey Mikyake and worked actively with Peter Gabriel on music. She also appeared on the film, โ€˜Topazโ€™, by Ryu Murakami. Such as this, she is interested in collaborative works in art and related genres. 1929ๅนดๅ‡บ็”Ÿๅœจๆ—ฅๆœฌ้•ท้‡Žใ€‚1957ๅนด็•ขๆฅญๆ–ผ่—่ก“ๅœ˜้ซ”่ฏ็›Ÿใ€‚1957ๅนด็งปๅฑ…็พŽๅœ‹ๅพŒๅœจๅ“ชๅ…’ๅˆฉ็”จ่ปŸๆ€ง้›•ๅก‘, ๆฒนๆผ†,้›ป,้กๅญไฝœ่จญ็ฝฎๅทฅไฝœใ€‚ๅฅน็š„ไฝœๅ“ไธป่ฆๅ‡บๅ“ๅœจๆƒ ็‰นๅฐผ ็พŽ่ก“้คจ(็พŽๅœ‹็ด็ด„๏ผŒ1999ๅนด), ๆฃฎ็พŽ่ก“้คจ(ๆ—ฅๆœฌๆฑไบฌ)๏ผŒ2004ๅนด,็พ…ไผฏ็‰น็พŽ่ก“้คจ(็พŽๅœ‹็ด็ด„๏ผŒ2006ๅนด)็ญ‰ๅ…ทๆœ‰ๆฌŠๅจๆ€ง็š„่—่ก“็•ซๅปŠๅ’Œ็พŽ่ก“้คจ๏ผŒๆˆ็‚บๅŒๆ™‚ไปฃ็พŽ่ก“้ ˜ๅŸŸ ้‡่ฆไฝœๅฎถใ€‚2007ๅนดๅœจ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹,ๆพณๅคงๅˆฉไบž,ๅ€ซๆ•ฆ็ญ‰ๅœฐ, 2008ๅนด2ๆœˆๅœจ่ฏ็››้ “ๅกๅ…งๅŸบไธญๅฟƒๆœ‰้Žๅฑ•่ฆฝใ€‚ๅœจๅŒๆ™‚ๆœŸๆ—ฅๆœฌๆฑไบฌไธŠๆ˜ ไบ†ๅฅน็š„็ด€้Œ„็‰‡ใ€‚่€Œไธ”ไฝœ่€…ๅŒ่’ๆœจ็ถ“ๆƒŸ็š„ ๆ”ๅฝฑๅทฅไฝœ๏ผŒๅŒไธ‰ๅฎ…ไธ€็”Ÿ็š„ๆœ่ฃๅทฅไฝœ, ๅŒๅฝผๅพ—โ€ข่“‹็ˆพ็‘ž่€Œๅพ—้Ÿณๆจ‚ๅทฅไฝœ, ๅ‡บๆผ”ๆ‘ไธŠ้พ็š„้ปƒๅฏถ็Ÿณ็ญ‰, ้™คไบ†็พŽ่ก“้ ˜ๅŸŸไน‹ๅค–้‚„ๆŠŠๅ‰ตไฝœ้ ˜ๅŸŸๆ“ดๅฑ•ๅˆฐๅ…ถไป–่—่ก“้ ˜ๅŸŸใ€‚

Yayoi Kusama ่‰้–“ๅฝŒ็”Ÿ ์•ผ์š”์ด ์ฟ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ

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1929๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋…ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1957๋…„ ์•„ํŠธ ์ŠคํŠœ๋˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ด์ฃผ ํ›„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์กฐ๊ฐ, ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ธํŒ…, ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ค์น˜์ž‘์—… ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. 1999๋…„ ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2004๋…„ ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€, 2006๋…„ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ๋ฐ€๋Ÿฌ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2007๋…„์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ, ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๋“ฑ์ง€์—์„œ, 2008๋…„์—๋Š” ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด D.C์˜ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋„์ฟ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜์ƒ์ด ์ƒ์˜๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋ผํ‚ค ๋…ธ๋ถ€์š”์‹œ์™€์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž‘์—…์ด ๋‚˜ ์ด์„ธ์ด ๋ฏธ์•ผ์ผ€์™€์˜ ํŒจ์…˜์ž‘์—…, ํ”ผํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์—˜๊ณผ์˜ ์Œ์•…์ž‘์—…, ๋ฌด๋ผ์นด๋ฏธ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ•„๋ฆ„ โ€˜ํ† ํŒŒ์ฆˆโ€™ ์ถœ์—ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™œ๋™์˜์—ญ์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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We strongly urge you to complete this form and send it together with all the relevant documents requested in this form to Seoul Auction by fax at (852) 2537 2810 or by post at Seoul Auction Hong Kong Limited, 1515-1516 Princeโ€™s Building, 10 Chater Rd. Central, Hong Kong in time for receipt by Seoul Auction at least one Business Day before 26 May 2014 or contact Seoul Auction at (852) 2537 1880 to arrange registration, due to credit approval process some delay might be expected on the day of the Auction. Paddle numbers for registered Bidders will be distributed on site.

Please complete this form and send it together with all the relevant documents requested in this form to Seoul Auction by fax at (852) 2537 2810 or by post at Seoul Auction Hong Kong Limited, 1515-1516 Princeโ€™s Building, 10 Chater Rd. Central, Hong Kong in either case to reach Seoul Auction not later than one Business Day before 26 May 2014. Seoul Auction will send you a written confirmation of your registration by return fax or by post to your billing address as specified by you in this form. IF YOU DO NOT RECEIVE A WRITTEN CONFIRMATION OF YOUR REGISTRATION FROM SEOUL AUCTION BY ONE BUSINESS DAY BEFORE 26 May 2014. YOU SHOULD CONTACT SEOUL AUCTION AT (852) 2537 1880 (TELEPHONE) OR AT (852) 2537 2810 (FAX). Paddle numbers for registered Bidders will be distributed on site.

ๆˆ‘ๅ€‘ๅผท็ƒˆ้ผ“ๅ‹ตๆ‚จๅกซๅฆฅๆญค่กจๆ ผไธฆ็ขบไฟ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๆ–ผ2014ๅนด5ๆœˆ26ๆ—ฅ็š„ไธ€ๅ€‹็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅๅ‰ๆ”ถๅˆฐๆญค่กจๆ ผๅŠ่กจๆ ผๅ†…่ฆๆฑ‚็š„็›ธ้—œๆ–‡ไปถใ€‚่กจๆ ผๅŠๆ–‡ไปถๅฏๅ‚ณ็œŸ่‡ณ๏ผˆ852๏ผ‰2537 2810ๆˆ–้ƒตๅฏ„่‡ณ้ฆ™ๆธฏไธญ็’ฐ้ฎๆ‰“้“10่™Ÿๅคชๅญๅคงๅปˆ15 ๆจ“1515ๅฎค ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ้ฆ™ๆธฏๆœ‰้™ๅ…ฌๅธ๏ผŒๆˆ–่€…่‡ด้›ป๏ผˆ852๏ผ‰2537 1880่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่ฏ็ตกไปฅๅฎ‰ๆŽ’่จปๅ†Šใ€‚ๅ› ็ˆฒ่ฒกๆ”ฟ็‹€ๆณๅฏฉๆ‰น้Ž็จ‹ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ็•ถๆ—ฅๅฏ่ƒฝๆœƒๆœ‰ไธ€ไบ›ๅปถ่ชคใ€‚ไบ‹ๅ…ˆ็™ป่จ˜็š„ๅฎขๆˆถๆœƒๅœจๆœƒๅ ด็•ถๆ—ฅ่ขซๆดพ็™ผ็ซถๆŠ•่™Ÿ็ขผ็‰Œใ€‚ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋ณธ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ 2014๋…„ 5์›” 26์ผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€(์˜์—…์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณธ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํŒฉ์Šค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: (02) 395 0338 ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐํŽธ (์ฃผ์†Œ: ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์ข…๋กœ๊ตฌ ํ‰์ฐฝ

่ซ‹ๆ‚จๅกซๅฆฅๆญค่กจๆ ผไธฆ็ขบไฟ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅœจไธ้ฒๆ–ผ2014ๅนด5ๆœˆ26ๆ—ฅ็š„ไธ€ๅ€‹็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅๅ‰ๆ”ถๅˆฐ่ฉฒ่กจๆ ผๅŠ่กจๆ ผๅ†…่ฆๆฑ‚็š„็›ธ้—œๆ–‡ไปถใ€‚่ซ‹ๆ‚จๅฐ‡ๅกซๅฆฅ็š„่กจๆ ผๅŠ่กจๆ ผๅ†…่ฆๆฑ‚็š„็›ธ้—œๆ–‡ไปถๅ‚ณ็œŸ่‡ณ๏ผˆ852๏ผ‰25372810ๆˆ–้ƒตๅฏ„่‡ณ้ฆ™ๆธฏ ไธญ็’ฐ้ฎๆ‰“้“10่™Ÿๅคชๅญๅคงๅปˆ15ๆจ“1515ๅฎค้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ้ฆ™ๆธฏๆœ‰้™ๅ…ฌๅธใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ้€š้Žๅ‚ณ็œŸๆˆ–้ƒตๅฏ„่‡ณๆ‚จๅœจๆญค่กจๆ ผๅ†…ๆŒ‡ๅฎš็š„ไป˜ๆฌพๅœฐๅ€็™ผๅ‡บไธ€ไปฝๆ›ธ้ข็ขบ่ชๆ›ธใ€‚่‹ฅๆ‚จๅœจ2014ๅนด5ๆœˆ26ๆ—ฅ็š„ไธ€ๅ€‹็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅๅ‰้‚„ๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๆ”ถๅˆฐ

๋™ 98)์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: (02) 395 0330๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜์…”์„œ ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์šฉ์กฐํšŒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋‹น์ผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ง€์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋œ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ ํ•œ ํŒจ๋“ค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

่ฉฒๆ›ธ้ข็ขบ่ชๆ›ธ๏ผŒ่ซ‹่‡ด้›ป๏ผˆ852๏ผ‰2537 1880 ๆˆ–ๅ‚ณ็œŸ่‡ณ ๏ผˆ852๏ผ‰2537 2810 ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่ฏ็ตกใ€‚ไบ‹ๅ…ˆ็™ป่จ˜็š„ๅฎขๆˆถๆœƒๅœจๆœƒๅ ด็•ถๆ—ฅ่ขซๆดพ็™ผ็ซถๆŠ•่™Ÿ็ขผๆฟใ€‚ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋ณธ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ 2014๋…„ 5์›” 26์ผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€(์˜์—…์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณธ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํŒฉ์Šค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: (02) 395 0338 ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐํŽธ (์ฃผ์†Œ: ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์ข…๋กœ๊ตฌ ํ‰์ฐฝ

๋™ 98)์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: (02) 395 0330๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜์…”์„œ ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์šฉ์กฐํšŒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋‹น์ผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ง€์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋œ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ ํ•œ ํŒจ๋“ค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Paddle Number ็ซถๆŠ•่™Ÿ็ขผๆฟ็ทจ่™Ÿ ํŒจ๋“ค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Auction Title ๆ‹่ณฃๅ็จฑ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ช…

Hong Kong Spring Sale

Auction Title ๆ‹่ณฃๅ็จฑ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ช…

26 May 2014

Sale Date ๆ‹่ณฃๆ—ฅๆœŸ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์ผ

Receptionist ๆŽฅๅพ…ๅ“ก ์ ‘์ˆ˜์ž

Hong Kong Spring Sale

Sale Date ๆ‹่ณฃๆ—ฅๆœŸ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์ผ

26 May 2014

Please specify the means by which you wish to place bids:

Written Bids

Telephone Bids

่ซ‹ๆ˜Ž็ขบๆŒ‡็คบๆ‚จๆƒณ็ซถๆŠ•็š„ๆ–นๅผ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

ๆ›ธ้ข็ซถๆŠ• ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ

้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ• ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ

A. Bidderโ€™s Details ็ซถๆŠ•ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™ ์‘์ฐฐ ์‚ฌํ•ญ

A. Bidderโ€™s Detail ็ซถๆŠ•่€…่ณ‡ๆ–™ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ์‚ฌํ•ญ Please complete the details of the person who will be bidding in English. Please also provide a copy of a form of identification with your photo such as your governmentissued identification card, passport or driving licence. ่ซ‹็”จ่‹ฑๆ–‡ๅกซๅฆฅ็ซถๆŠ•ไบบไป•็š„่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ€‚ๅŒๆ™‚่ซ‹ๆไพ›้™„ๆœ‰็›ธ็‰‡็š„่ญ‰ๆ˜Žๆ–‡ไปถ๏ผŒๅฆ‚ๆ”ฟๅบœ็™ผๅ‡บ็š„่บซไปฝ่ญ‰๏ผŒ่ญท็…งๆˆ–้ง•้ง›ๅŸท็…งใ€‚ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ธฐ์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ, ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์šด์ „๋ฉดํ—ˆ์ฆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ฒจ๋ถ€๋œ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

Family Name ๅง“ ์„ฑ

Given Name ๅ ์ด๋ฆ„

Family Name ๅง“ ์„ฑ

Given Name ๅ ์ด๋ฆ„

Seoul Auction Client Account No. ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฎขๆˆถ่ณฌ่™Ÿ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Seoul Auction Client Account No. ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฎขๆˆถ่ณฌ่™Ÿ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Address ๅœฐๅ€ ์ฃผ์†Œ

Type of Identification ่บซไปฝ่ญ‰ๆ˜Ž็จฎ้กž ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

ID Card/Passport No. ่บซไปฝ่ญ‰/่ญท็…ง่™Ÿ็ขผ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Daytime Telephone No. ๆ—ฅ้–“้›ป่ฉฑ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Fax No. (Important) ๅ‚ณ็œŸ่™Ÿ็ขผ๏ผˆ้‡่ฆ๏ผ‰ํŒฉ์Šค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ (์ค‘์š”)

Daytime Telephone No. ๆ—ฅ้–“้›ป่ฉฑ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Evening Telephone No. ๅคœ้–“้›ป่ฉฑ ์•ผ๊ฐ„ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Mobile Phone No. ๆ‰‹ๆฉŸ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Evening Telephone No. ๅคœ้–“้›ป่ฉฑ ์•ผ๊ฐ„ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Fax No. (Important) ๅ‚ณ็œŸ่™Ÿ็ขผ๏ผˆ้‡่ฆ๏ผ‰ํŒฉ์Šค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ (์ค‘์š”)

Mobile Phone No. ๆ‰‹ๆฉŸ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Email Address ้›ปๅญ้ƒตไปถ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ

ID Card/Passport No. ่บซไปฝ่ญ‰/่ญท็…ง่™Ÿ็ขผ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Email Address ้›ปๅญ้ƒตไปถ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ Address ๅœฐๅ€ ์ฃผ์†Œ

City/Country ๅŸŽๅธ‚/ๅœ‹ๅฎถ ์‹œ/๊ตญ๊ฐ€

Have you registered to bid at Seoul Auction before?

ๆ‚จๆ˜ฏๅฆๆ›พๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็™ป่จ˜ๅƒๅŠ ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŸ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์‘์ฐฐ ๋“ฑ๋ก์„ ํ•˜์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

YES

NO

Please provide a copy of your most recent bank statement and a copy of your credit card.

่ซ‹ๆไพ›ๆ‚จๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆœŸ็š„้Š€่กŒ่ณฌๅ–ฎๅŠๆ‚จ็š„ไฟก็”จๅก็š„ๅฝฑๅฐๆœฌใ€‚์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์€ํ–‰์กฐํšŒ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

Name of Bank ้Š€่กŒๅ็จฑ ์€ํ–‰๋ช…

Account Number

Bank Address ้Š€่กŒๅœฐๅ€ ์€ํ–‰์ฃผ์†Œ

City/Country ๅŸŽๅธ‚/ๅœ‹ๅฎถ ์‹œ/๊ตญ๊ฐ€

Contact at the Bank ้Š€่กŒ่ฏ็ตกไบบ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ง์›๋ช…

Tel. ้›ป่ฉฑ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Credit Card Number ไฟก็”จๅก่™Ÿ็ขผ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Type ไฟก็”จๅก ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

Expiration Date ๅˆฐๆœŸๆ—ฅๆœŸ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ๋งŒ๋ฃŒ์ผ

Other Verification ๅ…ถไป–่ญ‰ๆ˜Ž ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๋ฅ˜

ๅธณๆˆถ่™Ÿ็ขผ ๊ณ„์ขŒ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Reference No. ๅƒ่€ƒ่™Ÿ็ขผ ์กฐํšŒ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

C. Declarations ่ฒๆ˜Ž ์„ ์–ธ โ€œI have read and understand Seoul Auctionโ€™s Auction Terms and the Important Notices in the Auction Catalogue and agree to be bound by them. ๆœฌไบบๅทฒ็ป†้–ฑ่ผ‰ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅ†…็š„้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆ้€šๅ‘Š๏ผŒไธฆๅŒๆ„้ตๅฎˆๆ‰€ๆœ‰่ฆๅฎšใ€‚๋ณธ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ์ฒจ๋ถ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ˆ™์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌ

โ€œI authorise Seoul Auction Hong Kong Limited to request bank references relating to the account specified by me in Section B above.

ํ•ญ์˜ ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ

ๆœฌไบบๆŽˆๆฌŠ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็ดขๅ–ๆœ‰้—œๆœฌๆฌ„็›ฎBๆœ‰ๆˆ‘ๆ‰€ๅˆ—ๅ‡บๆˆถๅฃไน‹้Š€่กŒไฟก็”จ่ญ‰ๆ˜Ž ใ€‚ ๋ณธ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋ฒ•์ธ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ B์— ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

Signature ็ฐฝ็ฝฒ ์„œ๋ช…

If you wish to place bids by telephone, please clearly specify the telephone number (including the country and area code) on which you may reached at the time of the sale. We will call you from the salesroom shortly before your lot is put up for sale. ๅฆ‚ๆ‚จๅธŒๆœ›ไปฅ้›ป่ฉฑๅฝขๅผ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒ่ซ‹ๆธ…ๆฅšๅˆ—ๆ˜Žๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆ™‚ๅฏไปฅ่ฏ็ตกๆ‚จ็š„้›ป่ฉฑ่™Ÿ็ขผ๏ผˆๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๅœ‹ๅฎถๅŠๅ€ๅŸŸ็ทจ่™Ÿ๏ผ‰ ใ€‚ๆˆ‘ๅ€‘ๆœƒๅœจๆ‚จๅธŒๆœ›็ซถๆŠ•็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่ขซๆ‹่ณฃไน‹ๅ‰็š„็Ÿญๆ™‚้–“ๅ†…ๅพžๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด่‡ด้›ป็ตฆๆ‚จใ€‚ ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์„ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์‹œ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์™€ ํ†ตํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ(๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ํฌํ•จ)๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๋ถ€์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

B. Financial Reference ่ฒกๆ”ฟ็‹€ๆณ่ญ‰ๆ˜Ž ๊ธˆ์œต์กฐํšŒ

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Please complete the details of the person who will be bidding in English. Please also provide a copy as a form of identification with your photo such as your governmentissued identification card, passport or driving licence. ่ซ‹็”จ่‹ฑๆ–‡ๅกซๅฆฅ็ซถๆŠ•ไบบไป•็š„่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ€‚ๅŒๆ™‚่ซ‹ๆไพ›้™„ๆœ‰็›ธ็‰‡็š„่ญ‰ๆ˜Žๆ–‡ไปถ๏ผŒๅฆ‚ๆ”ฟๅบœ็™ผๅ‡บ็š„่บซไปฝ่ญ‰๏ผŒ่ญท็…งๆˆ–้ง•้ง›ๅŸท็…งใ€‚ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ธฐ์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ, ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์šด์ „๋ฉดํ—ˆ์ฆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ฒจ๋ถ€๋œ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

Date ๆ—ฅๆœŸ ๋‚ ์งœ

PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY IN BLOCK LETTERS ่ซ‹็”จๅคงๆฅทๅกซๅฏซๆธ…ๆฅš Lot number (in numerical order)

Lot Description

ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็ทจ่™Ÿ ๏ผˆไปฅ่™Ÿ็ขผๅคงๅฐๆŽ’ๅˆ—๏ผ‰

ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ็จฑ

Maximum Price (excluding Buyerโ€™s Premium) ๆœ€้ซ˜ๅƒน ๏ผˆไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘๏ผ‰

๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ (๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ)

๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ ์„ค๋ช…

(๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ) ์‘์ฐฐ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€

B. Financial Reference ่ฒกๆ”ฟ็‹€ๆณ่ญ‰ๆ˜Ž ๊ธˆ์œต์กฐํšŒ Please provide a copy of your most recent bank statement and a copy of your credit card. ่ซ‹ๆไพ›ๆ‚จๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆœŸ็š„้Š€่กŒ่ณฌๅ–ฎๅŠๆ‚จ็š„ไฟก็”จๅก็š„ๅฝฑๅฐๆœฌใ€‚์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์€ํ–‰์กฐํšŒ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

Name of Bank ้Š€่กŒๅ็จฑ ์€ํ–‰๋ช…

Bank Address ้Š€่กŒๅœฐๅ€ ์€ํ–‰์ฃผ์†Œ

Account Number ๅธณๆˆถ่™Ÿ็ขผ ๊ณ„์ขŒ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

Shift Code ๆ”ถๆฌพ้Š€่กŒไปฃ่™Ÿ

Contact at the Bank ้Š€่กŒ่ฏ็ตกไบบ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ง์›๋ช…

Tel. ้›ป่ฉฑ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

C. Declarations ่ฒๆ˜Ž ์„ ์–ธ I shall not assume Seoul Auction's acceptance of my application unless I have received a written confirmation from Seoul Auction. ้™ค้žๆ”ถๅˆฐ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไน‹ๆ›ธ้ข็ขบ่ช๏ผŒๆœฌไบบไธฆไธๅ‡่จญ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅทฒๆŽฅ็ดๆญค็”ณ่ซ‹ใ€‚ ๋ณธ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋ณธ ์„œ๋ฉด/์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ™•์ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒญ์ด ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

I authorise Seoul Auction Hong Kong Limited to request bank references relating to the account specified by me in Section B above.

ๆœฌไบบๆŽˆๆฌŠ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅ‘้Š€่กŒ็ดขๅ–ๆœ‰้—œๆœฌๆฌ„็›ฎ B ๆˆ‘ๆ‰€ๅˆ—ๅ‡บๆˆถๅฃไน‹้Š€่กŒไฟก็”จ่ญ‰ๆ˜Ž ใ€‚ ๋ณธ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋ฒ•์ธ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ B์— ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

I have read and understand Seoul Auctionโ€™s Auctions Terms and the Important Notices in the Auction Catalogue and agree to be bound by them.

ๆœฌไบบๅทฒ็ดฐ้–ฑ่ผ‰ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅ†…็š„้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆ้€šๅ‘Š๏ผŒไธฆๅŒๆ„้ตๅฎˆๆ‰€ๆœ‰่ฆๅฎšใ€‚๋ณธ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ์ฒจ๋ถ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ˆ™์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌ ํ•ญ์˜ ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Signature ็ฐฝ็ฝฒ ์„œ๋ช…

Date ๆ—ฅๆœŸ ๋‚ ์งœ

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IMPORTANT NOTICES AUCTION TERMS The conduct of the Auction on 26 May 2014 (the โ€œAuction Periodโ€), registration and application to place bids, placing of bids and sale of lots in the Auction shall be regulated by the Auction Terms and these Important Notices. In the event of any ambiguity or any discrepancy between the Auction Terms and these Important Notices, the Auction Terms will prevail. Prospective Bidders should read the Auction Terms and these Important Notices carefully and contact Seoul Auction at (852) 2537 1880 (telephone) or (852) 2537 2810 (fax) should they have any queries. Any capitalised terms used but not defined in these Important Notices have the meaning set out against such terms in the Auction Terms. References to a โ€˜lotโ€™ include any Premium Lot unless otherwise stated. PLEASE READ CAREFULLY CLAUSES 13, 14 and 15 OF THE AUCTION TERMS WHICH SET OUT SEOUL AUCTIONโ€™S DISCLAIMER REGARDING THE LOTS, THE CONDUCT OF THE AUCTION AND THE SALE OF THE LOTS AND THE LIMITED WARRANTY PROVIDED BY SEOUL AUCTION IN RESPECT OF THE LOTS.

DIMENSIONS ARE APPROXIMATE FIGURES Dimensions in this catalogue are approximate figures only. ESTIMATE PRICES AND RATES OF EXCHANGE Estimate Prices provided by Seoul Auction in respect of any lot are for reference only and are not indications of the value or the actual Hammer Price of such lot. Estimate Prices of any lot may change at any time before and up to the time of the sale of such lot without prior notice. Estimate Prices of a lot do not include the Buyerโ€™s Premium and any Buyerโ€™s Expenses payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction. Seoul Auction will provide Estimate Prices for each lot in Hong Kong Dollars, US Dollars, Korean Won and Chinese Yuan in this catalogue, on a screen in the auction hall during the Auction Period and/or in its advertisements and other publications. Please note that all amounts in US Dollars (USD), Korean Won (KRW) and Chinese Yuan(CNY) shown in this catalogue, on the screen during the Auction Period or elsewhere are for reference only and all bids and payment will be in Hong Kong Dollars (HKD), except as otherwise expressly provided in the Auction Terms and/or these Important Notices. The rates of exchange used for Estimate Prices in US Dollars, Korean Won and Chinese Yuan in this catalogue are: HKD[7.75] = USD[1] HKD[1] = KRW[134] HKD[1.2] = CNY[1]. Such rates of exchange were obtained at the latest practicable date prior to the printing of this catalogue and may have changed by the time of the Auction Period. No representation is made that any of the US Dollar or the Korean Won or Chinese Yuan amounts shown in this catalogue, on the screen during the Auction Period and/or elsewhere could have been or could be converted into Hong Kong Dollars (or vice versa) at the specified rates, at any particular rates or at all. Seoul Auction is not responsible for any error or omission, however caused, arising from, or in connection with, conversion of Estimate Prices expressed in Hong Kong Dollars into in US Dollars, Korean Won and Chinese Yuan. Please note that if any amount is to be paid to, or by, Seoul Auction in US Dollars or Korean Won and Chinese Yuan, the rates of exchange used for conversion of such amount from Hong Kong Dollars into US Dollars or Korean Won, Chinese Yuan may be different from the above rates. PREVIEWS Seoul Auction will hold previews of lots scheduled to be sold at the Auction at the place, date and time and for such duration as stated in this catalogue and/or on its website, provided however, that Seoul Auction may, in its sole and absolute discretion, cancel, or change the place, date, time and/or duration of, any preview without prior notice. Previews are open to the public and are free of charge provided however, that Seoul Auction may, in its sole and absolute discretion, require proof of identity satisfactory to it before admitting any person to any preview and/or refuse admission of any person to any preview. Prospective Bidders are strongly encouraged to attend the previews. REGISTRATION FOR LOTS Unless otherwise agreed in writing between Seoul Auction and a prospective Bidder, in order to bid for a lot which is not a Premium Lot, a prospective Bidder, including a first

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time prospective Bidder with Seoul Auction, must register by completing and returning to Seoul Auction in the manner provided in the Bidder Registration Form: (i) the Bidder Registration Form; (ii) a copy of a form of identification with his/her photo satisfactory to Seoul Auction such as his/her government-issued identification card, passport or driverโ€™s licence; and (iii) any other document as may be required by Seoul Auction. The Bidder Registration Form and the relevant document should be received by Seoul Auction by not later than one Business Day prior to the start date of the Auction Period. If a prospective Bidder is a first-time prospective Bidder with Seoul Auction, he/she must also provide to Seoul Auction together with the Bidder Registration Form a copy of the most recent bank statement and a copy of his/her credit card (Visa/MasterCard). It is strongly recommended that the prospective Bidder contact Seoul Auction at (852) 2537 1880 (telephone) or (852) 2537 2810 (fax) at least one Business Day prior to the start of the Auction Period and arrange bidder registration and the required credit approval process to avoid any delay on the relevant Auction Date. Upon registration the prospective Bidder will, unless he/she has applied to Seoul Auction to place bids in writing or by telephone, be issued with a numbered paddle at the beginning of each relevant Auction Date.The Bidder Registration Form is available in this catalogue or online at www. seoulauction.com. WRITTEN BIDS AND TELEPHONE BIDS It is recommended that prospective Bidders attend the Auction and place bids in person. A prospective Bidder may, however, apply to place bids in writing or by telephone by completing and returning to Seoul Auction in the manner required in the Absentee Bid Form: (i) the Absentee Bid Form; (ii) the Bidder Registration Form or the Premium Lot Pre-Registration Application Form (as the case may be); and (iii) any other documents as may be required by Seoul Auction. The Absentee Bid Form and the relevant documents should be received by Seoul Auction by not later than one Business Day prior to the start date of the Auction Period. Seoul Auction will send to the relevant prospective Bidder a written confirmation of its receipt of his/her Absentee Bid Form by fax or by post to his/her billing address as specified in the Absentee Bid Form. A prospective Bidder should not assume that his/her Absentee Bid Form has been registered before he/she receives Seoul Auctionโ€™s written confirmation and he/she should contact Seoul Auction at (852) 2537 1880 (telephone) or (852) 2537 2810 (fax) if he/she has not received such written confirmation by two Business Days before the start date of the Auction Period. The Absentee Bid Form is available in this catalogue or online at www.seoulauction.com . Seoul Auction shall use reasonable endeavours to enable Bidders to place bids in person, in writing or by telephone, but Seoul Auction does not accept any responsibility for failure to do so or delay in doing so or for any error and/or omission by Seoul Auction, its directors, officers, employees and/or agents in processing any registration and/or application to place bids, receiving and/or placing written or telephone bids, howsoever caused. Results of written bids will be sent by post after the Auction to the Biddersโ€™ billing address, as specified in the relevant registration form. Bids placed by telephone may be recorded and Bidders, by placing bids by telephone, are deemed to have consented to the recording of their conservations. BIDDING AND RESERVE PRICE The Reserve Price is the minimum Hammer Price the Seller will accept in respect of a lot. The auctioneer shall keep the Reserve Price confidential. Any bid below the Reserve Price shall not be accepted by the auctioneer. The Reserve Price of a lot shall not exceed the lower Estimate Price of such lot as at the date of the sale. The auctioneer may, in respect of any lot, place bids on behalf of the Seller below the Reserve Price of such lot, either by placing consecutive bids or entering bids in response to other bids. The auctioneer may, in its sole and absolute discretion, start the bidding of any lot below the Reserve Price of such lot. The auctioneer, however, shall not place any bid for any lot on behalf of the Seller at or above the Reserve Price of such lot.The auctioneer shall not be obliged to specifically identify bids placed on behalf of the Seller. SALE OF LOTS AND INVOICE The sale of a lot shall be between the Seller and the Buyer at the Hammer Price of such lot. The sale of a lot between the Seller and the Buyer shall occur when the auctioneer accepts the highest bid by striking his/her hammer and calling the paddle number of the highest Bidder (i.e. the Buyer). The Buyer will be asked to confirm his/her purchase by signing the Successful Bidding Confirmation Form on the date of the sale (where the Buyer made his/her bid in person and is present in the auction hall on the date of the sale) or as soon as practicable (where the Buyer did not make his/her bid in person or is not present in the auction hall on the date of the sale).

Invoice(s) listing the lot(s) purchased by the Buyer, the Hammer Price, the Buyerโ€™s Premium and/or any Buyerโ€™s Expenses will be provided to the Buyer in person within 24 hours of the date of the sale (where the Buyer made his/her bid in person and is present in the auction hall on the date of the sale) or by fax or post sent to his/her billing address as specified in the relevant registration form within two Business Days of the date of the sale of the lot(s) (where the Buyer did not make his/her bid in person or is not present in the auction hall on the date of the sale). In respect of any lot, the Buyer shall pay to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) in accordance with the Auction Terms and these Important Notices the full invoiced amount and any Buyerโ€™s Expenses incurred after the invoice is sent: (i) within seven calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot (if the Hammer Price is less than HKD2,500,000); or (ii) within 21 calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot (if the Hammer Price is equal to or higher thanHKD2,500,000, provided however, that the Buyer shall pay to Seoul Auction 30% of the Purchase Price within seven calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot). Unless otherwise agreed in writing between a Buyer and Seoul Auction, the Buyer shall be personally liable to pay to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) the Purchase Price and/or any Buyerโ€™s Expenses in accordance with these Auction Terms and the Important Notices. Unless otherwise agreed in writing between the Buyer and Seoul Auction, Seoul Auction will not accept any payment due to it (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) from any other party other than the relevant Buyer. The Buyer shall bear the risk associated with, and the responsibility for, the lot purchased by him/her from the earlier of: (i) the expiration of seven calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot; and (ii) the date of collection of such lot by the Buyer or its authorised representative. However, title to the lot will not pass to the Buyer until all amounts due from the Buyer to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) in respect of the lot under the Auction Terms and/or these Important Notices are received by Seoul Auction in good cleared funds. Please refer to the Auction Terms for further details. PAYMENT IN OTHER CURRENCIES All bids, sale and payment will be in Hong Kong Dollars. If the Buyer and Seoul Auction agrees in writing for the Buyer to pay any amount due to Seoul Auction (for itself and/ or on behalf of the Consignor), or for Seoul Auction to pay any amount due to it, in any currency other than Hong Kong Dollars, the Buyer shall be liable to pay any currency costs, including, but not limited to, any bank commissions and/or charges, incurred by Seoul Auction in converting the Hong Kong Dollar amounts into such other currency. Any currency conversion will be made using the rate for Hong Kong Dollars quoted to Seoul Auction by Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited on the date of payment and Seoul Auctionโ€™s certificate as to such rate will be conclusive. Seoul Auction shall not be liable to pay any interest or indemnify any loss occurred as a result of the any foreign exchange rate fluctuation or otherwise. Bank transfers should be made to: Bank Name: The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited Account Name: Seoul Auction Hong Kong Limited Account No.: 808-584437-838 SWIFT code: HSBCHKHHHKH Address: HSBC, Head Office, 1 Queenโ€™s Road, Central, Hong Kong Please include your name and invoice number with instructions to the bank. Subject to the Auction Terms, in case any payment is made by personal or company cheque, please note that the relevant lot(s) will not be released, and title to such lot(s) will not pass, to the Buyer until such cheque has been cleared. Subject to the Auction Terms, payment by cash or bankerโ€™s draft will enable immediate release of, and transfer of title of, such lot(s) to the Buyer. Travellersโ€™ cheques or payment by credit card will not be accepted.

BUYERโ€™S PREMIUM In respect of any lot, the Buyerโ€™s Premium shall be: (i) if the Hammer Price is less than or equal to HKD400,000, 18% of the Hammer Price; or (ii) if the Hammer Price is more than HKD400,000, the sum of 18% of the first HKD400,000 of the Hammer Price of each lot, 15% of the excess of the Hammer Price above HKD400,000 up to and including HKD8,000,000 and 12% of the excess of the Hammer Price above HKD8,000,000. The Buyerโ€™s Premium is exclusive of any Buyerโ€™s Expense payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction. EXPORT/IMPORT PERMITS Lot(s) sold at the Auction may be subject to laws governing export from Hong Kong and import restrictions of the relevant countries. It is the Buyerโ€™s sole responsibility to obtain any relevant Licences required for the export/import of the purchased lot(s). If requested by the Buyer in writing, Seoul Auction may introduce to the Buyer a shipper to assist in obtaining the necessary Licences at the Buyerโ€™s expense and risk. Seoul Auction does not accept any responsibility whatsoever in respect of such introduction. The denial of the Licences or any delay in obtaining the Licences shall not be a ground for the Buyer to cancel the sale of such lot or refuse or delay payment of the full amounts payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) pursuant to the Auction Terms. COLLECTION AND STORAGE It is the Buyerโ€™s responsibility to arrange for collection of the lot(s), by himself/herself or by an authorised representative. Unless otherwise agreed in writing between Seoul Auction and the Buyer, Seoul Auction will only release the lot(s) to the Buyer or its authorised representative. Seoul Auction will only release the lot(s) upon receiving (i) proof of identity and authorisation (in the case of an authorised representative collecting) satisfactory to Seoul Auction and (ii) the full amounts payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) in respect of the lot(s) pursuant to the Auction Terms. If agreed in writing between the Buyer and Seoul Auction, Seoul Auction will arrange packaging, delivery and transit insurance of such lot(s) at the Buyerโ€™s expense and risk. Seoul Auction shall not be responsible for any damage to, or the loss of, such lot(s) during packaging and/or the transit period of such lot(s), howsoever caused. All items from the sale will be transferred to BALtrans International Moving Ltd. where they will incur storage charge one month after the date of the auction at the following rate: Storage charge: HK$600 per lot per month. To arrange shipping and collection, please contact Seoul Auction at (852)2537-1880 info@seoulauction.com.hk or BALtrans International Moving Limited Unit A, 1/F, Sunshine Kowloon Bay Cargo Centre 59 Tai Yip Street, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Contact: Mr. Chester Lai Tel: +852-2756-2882 Fax: +852-2759-9772 TAX All sums payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction are exclusive of any goods or service tax or other value added tax (whether imposed in Hong Kong or otherwise). The Buyer shall be responsible for paying such tax at the rate and time as required by the relevant law. TRANSLATION In the case of any ambiguity or discrepancy between the English, Chinese and/or Korean text in this catalogue, the English version shall prevail. CONTACT INFORMATION Tel: (852) 2537 1880 Fax: (852) 2537 2810 Email: info@seoulauction.com.hk

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้‡่ฆไบ‹้ … ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ ๆ–ผ2014ๅนด5ๆœˆ26ๆ—ฅ้€ฒ่กŒ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ(โ€œๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸโ€)๏ผŒ่จปๅ†ŠๅŠ็”ณ่ซ‹ๅƒ่ˆ‡่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ็š„็ซถๆŠ•ๅŠ ๅœจ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠ็ซถๆŠ•ๅ’Œๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅฐ‡ๅ—ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …็š„่ฆ้™ใ€‚่‹ฅๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ ่ˆ‡ๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …้–“ๅญ˜ๆœ‰ไปปไฝ•ไธๆธ…ๆฅšๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•่ชคๅทฎไน‹่™•๏ผŒไปฅๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ็‚บๆบ–ใ€‚ๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€… ๆ‡‰ไป”็ดฐ้–ฑ่ฎ€ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …๏ผŒๅฆ‚ๆœ‰ไปปไฝ•็–‘ๅ•ๆ™‚่ซ‹่‡ด้›ป๏ผˆ852๏ผ‰2537

1880

ๆˆ–ๅ‚ณ็œŸ่‡ณ๏ผˆ852๏ผ‰2537 2810่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่ฏ็ตกใ€‚ ไปปไฝ•ๆ–ผๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธญไฝฟ็”จไฝ†ๆœชๆ–ผๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธญๅฎš็พฉ็š„่ฉž่ชž๏ผŒๅฆ‚ๆ˜ฏๅœจๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ … ็š„่‹ฑๆ–‡็‰ˆๆœฌไธญๅคงๅฏซ้–‹้ ญ็š„่ฉž่ชž๏ผŒ่ฉฒ่ฉž่ชž่ˆ‡ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพไธญๅฎš็พฉ็š„็›ธๅŒ่ฉž่ชžๅ…ทๆœ‰ๅŒ็ญ‰ ๆ„ๆ€ใ€‚็•ถๆๅŠไธ€ไปถโ€œๆ‹่ณฃๅ“โ€ๆ™‚๏ผŒ้™ค้žๅฆๆœ‰ๅ…ถไป–่ชชๆ˜Ž๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ้ซ˜ไผฐๅƒนๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€‚ ่ซ‹ไป”็ดฐ้–ฒ่ฎ€ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ็ฌฌ13ใ€14ๅŠ15ๆขใ€‚่ฉฒๆขๆฌพๅˆ—ๆ˜Ž้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ ็š„่ˆ‰่กŒๅ’Œๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ฒท่ณฃๅธ่ฒฌ่ฒๆ˜ŽๅŠ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆไพ›็ตฆๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰ใ€‚ ้‡ๅบฆๅฐบๅฏธ็‚บ็ด„ๆ•ธ ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธญ็š„้‡ๅบฆๅฐบๅฏธๅช็‚บ็ด„ๆ•ธใ€‚ ้ ไผฐๅƒนๅŠๅŒฏ็Ž‡ ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆไพ›็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“้ ไผฐๅƒนๅƒ…ไพ›ๅƒ่€ƒ,้ž็‚บ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅƒนๅ€ผๆˆ–ๅ…ถๅฏฆ้š›ๆˆไบคๅƒน ็š„ๆŒ‡็คบใ€‚ๆ–ผไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ‡บๅ”ฎๅ‰็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“,้ ไผฐๅƒนๅ‡ๅฏไบˆไปฅ่ฎŠๆ›ด,็„ก้ ˆไปปไฝ•ไบ‹ๅ…ˆ้€š ็Ÿฅใ€‚ไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“้ ไผฐๅƒนๅ‡ไธๅŒ…ๅซ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘,ไนŸไธๅŒ…ๅซ่ฒทๅฎถ้ ˆๆ”ฏไป˜้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ ็š„่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จใ€‚ ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ใ€ๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸๅ…งๆ‹่ณฃๅ ดๅ†…็š„่žขๅน•ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅ…ถๅปฃๅ‘Šๅ’Œๅ…ถไป–ๅ…ฌไฝˆ้กฏ็คบ ๆฏไปถๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ไปฅๆธฏๅนฃใ€็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃๅŠ้Ÿ“ๅœœ่กจ็คบ็š„้ ไผฐๅƒนใ€‚่ซ‹ๆณจๆ„๏ผŒๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ ๅ†…ใ€ๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ้–“ๅ…ง็š„่žขๅน•้กฏ็คบๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•ๅœฐๆ–นไธŠ็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃๅŠ้Ÿ“ๅœœ็š„้‡‘้กๅƒ… ไพ›ๅƒ่€ƒใ€‚ๆ‰€ๆœ‰็ซถๆŠ•ๅŠไป˜ๆฌพๅ‡้ ˆไปฅๆธฏๅนฃไฝœๅ‡บ๏ผŒ้™ค้žๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธญๅฆ ๆœ‰ๅ…ถไป–ๆ˜Ž็ขบ่ฆๅฎšใ€‚ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธญ็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃๅŠ้Ÿ“ๅœœ้ ไผฐๅƒนๆ‰€ไฝฟ็”จ็š„ๅŒฏ็Ž‡็‚บ: ๆธฏๅนฃ[7.75]=็พŽ้‡‘[1] ๆธฏๅนฃ[1]= ้Ÿ“ๅนฃ[134] ๆธฏๅนฃ[1.2]= ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃ[1] ่ฉฒ็ญ‰ๅŒฏ็Ž‡็ณปๆ–ผๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅฐ็™ผๅ‰ๅฏฆ้š›ๅฏ่กŒ็š„ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆœŸ็š„ไธ€ๆ—ฅๅ–ๅพ—๏ผŒๅœจ่ˆ‰่พฆๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ ้–“ๆ™‚ๅฏ่ƒฝๅทฒๆœ‰ๆ‰€่ฎŠๆ›ดใ€‚ๅฐๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅ†…ใ€ๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ้–“ๅ…ง็š„่žขๅน•้กฏ็คบๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•ๅœฐๆ–น ไธŠ็š„ไปปไฝ•็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃๆˆ–้Ÿ“ๅœœ็š„้‡‘้กไน‹ๅ‰ๆ‡‰ๅฏไปฅๆˆ–ๅฏ่ƒฝๅฏไปฅ็”จๆŸๆŒ‡ๆ˜Ž็š„ๅŒฏ็Ž‡๏ผŒ ๆŸ็‰นๅฎš็š„ๅŒฏ็Ž‡ๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•ๅŒฏ็Ž‡ๅ…Œๆ›ๆˆๆธฏๅนฃ(ๅไน‹ไบฆ็„ถ)็š„้‡‘้กไธๅšไปปไฝ•้™ณ่ฟฐใ€‚็”จๆธฏๅนฃ่กจ ็คบ็š„้ ไผฐๅƒนๅœจ่ฝ‰ๆ›่‡ณ็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃๅŠ้Ÿ“ๅœœ็š„่ฝ‰ๆ›ไธญๅ‡บ็พๆˆ–่ˆ‡ๆญคๆœ‰้—œ็š„ไปปไฝ•้Œฏ่ชค ๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–่ฉฒ้Œฏ่ชคๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝๆ˜ฏๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€ ๆˆ็š„๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆฆ‚ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌใ€‚่ซ‹ๆณจๆ„๏ผŒ่‹ฅไป˜ ็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆˆ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ฏไป˜็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆฌพ้ …ๆ˜ฏไปฅ็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃๆˆ–้Ÿ“ๅœœ่กจ็คบ๏ผŒ่ฒจๅนฃ่ฝ‰ ๆ›ๆ‰€ไฝฟ็”จ็š„ๅŒฏ็Ž‡ๅฏ่ƒฝ่ˆ‡ไธŠ่ฟฐๅŒฏ็Ž‡ไธๅŒใ€‚ ้ ่ฆฝ ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ็‚บๅณๅฐ‡ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠๅ‡บๅ”ฎ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่ˆ‰่พฆ้ ่ฆฝๆœƒ๏ผŒไธฆๆœƒๆ–ผๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅŠ/ ๆˆ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็ถฒ็ซ™ไธŠ่จปๆ˜Ž็š„ๅœฐ้ปžใ€ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ้ ่ฆฝๆœŸใ€‚ไฝ†ๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠ ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎšๅ–ๆถˆๆˆ–่ฎŠๆ›ดไปปไฝ•้ ่ฆฝๆœƒ็š„ๅœฐ้ปžใ€ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ้ ่ฆฝๆœŸ๏ผŒ็„ก้ ˆไปปไฝ•ไบ‹ๅ…ˆ ้€š็Ÿฅใ€‚้ ่ฆฝๆœƒๅ…่ฒป้–‹ๆ”พ็ตฆๅคง็œพๅƒ่ง€๏ผŒไฝ†้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎš่ฆๆฑ‚ไปปไฝ•ไบบไป• ๅœจ้€ฒๅ…ฅไปปไฝ•้ ่ฆฝๆœƒๅ‰ๆไพ›ไปคๅ…ถๆปฟๆ„็š„่บซไปฝ่ญ‰ๆ˜Ž๏ผŒๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๆ‹’็ต•ๅ…ฅๅ ด๏ผŒๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•ไบบไป•้€ฒ ๅ…ฅไปปไฝ•้ ่ฆฝๆœƒใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅผทๅŠ›ๆŽจ่–ฆๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅƒๅŠ ้ ่ฆฝๆœƒใ€‚ ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„็ซถๆŠ•็™ป่จ˜ ้™ค้žๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฆๆœ‰ๆ›ธ้ขๅ”่ญฐ๏ผŒ็‚บ็ซถๆŠ•้ž้ซ˜ไผฐๅƒนๆ‹่ณฃๅ“๏ผŒๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ• ่€…(ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ้ฆ–ๆฌกๅƒ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…)้ ˆๆŒ‰็…ง็ซถๆŠ•็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ›ธ่ฆๅฎš็š„ๆ–นๅผๅกซๅฆฅไธฆๅ‚™ ้ฝŠ: (i) ็ซถๆŠ•็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ›ธ๏ผ› (ii) ้™„ ๆœ‰็…ง็‰‡็š„่บซไปฝ่ญ‰ๆ˜Žๆ–‡ไปถ็š„ๅฝฑๅฐๆœฌ(ๅฆ‚ไปค้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆปฟๆ„็š„็”ฑๆ”ฟๅบœ็™ผๅ‡บ็š„่บซไปฝ ่ญ‰ใ€่ญท็…งๆˆ–้ง•้ง›ๅŸท็…ง)๏ผ›ๅŠ (iii) ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœ‰ๅฏ่ƒฝ่ฆๆฑ‚็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅ…ถไป–ๆ–‡ไปถ๏ผŒ ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ้œ€ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ่ตทๅง‹ๆ—ฅๅ‰ไธ้ฒๆ–ผไธ€ๅ€‹็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅๅ‰ๆ”ถๅˆฐๆไบค็š„็ซถๆŠ•็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ›ธๅŠ็›ธ

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ๆˆ็š„ใ€‚ ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ไธ€็ถ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๅพŒ๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ‡ๆ–ผไธ‹ๅˆ—(i)ๅŠ(ii)ไน‹ไธญ่ผƒๆ—ฉ็š„ๆ—ฅๆœŸ่ตทๆ‰ฟๆ“”ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ฒฌไปป

ๆ‹่ณฃๅพŒ๏ผŒ้–ฃไธ‹้ ˆ็‚บๆ˜ฏๆฌกๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆ”ฏไป˜ไธ€ๅ€‹ๆœˆๅ„ฒๅญ˜่ฒป๏ผŒๆฏไปถๆธฏๅนฃ400ๅ…ƒใ€‚ๅ…ถๅพŒๆฏไปถๆฏ

ๅŠ่ˆ‡ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็›ธ้—œ่ฏ็š„้ขจ้šช:

ๆœˆๆธฏๅนฃ600ๅ…ƒใ€‚

ๆ›ธ้ข็ซถๆŠ•ๅŠ้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•

(i) ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๅพŒ(ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ็•ถๆ—ฅ)็š„7ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅ็š„ๆœŸ้–“ๆœŸๆปฟ๏ผ›ๅŠ

ๆˆ‘ๅ€‘ๅปบ่ญฐๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…่ฆช่‡ชๅƒๅŠ ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธฆ่ฆช่‡ชๅƒ่ˆ‡็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒ็„ถ่€Œๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ไนŸๅฏไปฅ

(ii) ่ฒทๅฎถๆˆ–ๅ…ถๆŽˆๆฌŠไปฃ่กจ้ ˜ๅ–ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็•ถๅคฉใ€‚

ไปฅๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑๅฝขๅผๅƒ่ˆ‡็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚่ฉฒๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…้ ˆไพ็…ง็ผบๅธญ็ซถๆŠ•็™ป่จ˜็”ณ่ซ‹่กจ่ฆๅฎš็š„

ๅฎ‰ๆŽ’ๆ”ถๅ–ๅŒ้‹่ผธ่ซ‹่ฏ็ตก๏ผš ไฟๆ˜Œๅœ‹้š›่ฃ้‹ๆœ‰้™ๅ…ฌๅธ

ๆ–นๅผๅกซๅฆฅไธฆๅ‚™้ฝŠ:

ไฝ†ๆ˜ฏๅชๆœ‰ๅœจ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(็‚บๆœฌ่บซๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)ๆธ…ๆฅšๆ”ถๅˆฐ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ นๆ“šๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ

้ฆ™ๆธฏไน้พไน้พ็ฃๅคงๆฅญ่ก—59่™Ÿ

(i) ็ผบๅธญ็ซถๆŠ•็™ป่จ˜็”ณ่ซ‹่กจ๏ผ›

ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๅฐฑๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆ‡‰ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ฏไป˜็š„ๆฌพ้ …ๅพŒ๏ผŒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌŠๆ‰่ฝ‰็ตฆ

ไธ‰ๆน˜ไน้พ็ฃ่ฒจ้‹ไธญๅฟƒ1ๅญ—ๆจ“Aๅฎค

(ii) ็ซถๆŠ•็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ›ธๆˆ–้ซ˜ไผฐๅƒนๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็™ป่จ˜็”ณ่ซ‹่กจ(่ฆ–ๆƒ…ๆณ่€Œๅฎš)๏ผ›ๅŠ

่ฒทๅฎถโ—ฆ ่ฉณๆƒ…่ซ‹ๅƒ้–ฑๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพใ€‚

่ฏ็ตก๏ผš้ปŽๅ“ๅณฐๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ

(iii)้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏ่ƒฝ่ฆๆฑ‚็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅ…ถไป–ๆ–‡ไปถ๏ผŒ

้›ป่ฉฑ๏ผš+852-2756-2882

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ้œ€ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ่ตทๅง‹ๆ—ฅๅ‰ไธ้ฒๆ–ผไธ€ๅ€‹็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅๅ‰ๆ”ถๅˆฐๆไบค็š„็ผบๅธญ็ซถๆŠ•็™ป่จ˜็”ณ

ไปฅๅ…ถไป–่ฒจๅนฃไป˜ๆฌพ

่ซ‹่กจๅŠ็›ธ้—œๆ–‡ไปถใ€‚ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ้–‹ๅง‹ๆ—ฅๅ‰ไธ€ๅ€‹็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅ้€ไบค้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ้€ฒ่กŒ็”ณ่ซ‹ใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพ

ๆ‰€ๆœ‰็ซถๆŠ•ใ€ๅ‡บๅ”ฎ่ˆ‡ไป˜ๆฌพๅ‡้ ˆไปฅๆธฏๅนฃไฝœๅ‡บใ€‚่‹ฅ่ฒทๅฎถ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไปฅๆ›ธ้ขๅฝขๅผๅŒๆ„ไปฅ

ๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡้€š้Žๅ‚ณ็œŸๆˆ–้ƒตๅฏ„่‡ณ่ฉฒๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅœจๅ…ถ็ผบๅธญ็ซถๆŠ•็™ป่จ˜็”ณ่ซ‹่กจๅ†…ๆŒ‡ๅฎš็š„ไป˜ๆฌพ

ๆธฏๅนฃไปฅๅค–็š„่ฒจๅนฃๆ”ฏไป˜ๆฌ ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„ไปปไฝ•้‡‘้ก๏ผŒๆˆ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹

ๅœฐๅ€ๅ‘่ฉฒๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…็™ผๅ‡บๆ”ถๅˆฐๅ…ถ็ผบๅธญ็ซถๆŠ•็™ป่จ˜็”ณ่ซ‹่กจ็š„ๆ›ธ้ข็ขบ่ชไฟกใ€‚ๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•

่ณฃไปฅๆธฏๅนฃไปฅๅค–็š„่ฒจๅนฃๆ”ฏไป˜้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆฌ ่ฒทๅฎถ็š„ไปปไฝ•้‡‘้ก๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ‡ๆ‰ฟๆ“”ไปปไฝ•่ฒจๅนฃ่ฒป

็จ…้ …

่€…ๅœจๆ”ถๅˆฐ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๆ›ธ้ข็ขบ่ชๆ›ธๅ‰ไธๆ‡‰ๅ‡่จญๅ…ถ็ผบๅธญ็ซถๆŠ•็™ป่จ˜็”ณ่ซ‹่กจๅทฒ็ฒ็™ป่จ˜ใ€‚

็”จ๏ผŒ่ฉฒ่ฒจๅนฃ่ฒป็”จๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡ๆธฏๅนฃ้‡‘้กๅ…Œๆ›่€Œๅผ•่ตท็š„ไปปไฝ•้Š€่กŒไฝฃ้‡‘

่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆ”ฏไป˜้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไน‹ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌพ้ …ๅ‡ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไปปไฝ•่ฒจ็‰ฉๆˆ–ๆœๅ‹™็จ…ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅŠ ๅ€ผ็จ…(็„ก่ซ–

่‹ฅ่ฉฒๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ่ตทๅง‹ๆ—ฅๅ‰็š„ไบŒๆ—ฅ็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅ้‚„ๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๆ”ถๅˆฐ่ฉฒๆ›ธ้ข็ขบ่ชๆ›ธ๏ผŒไป–/

ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๆ”ถ่ฒปใ€‚ไปปไฝ•่ฒจๅนฃๅ…Œๆ›ๆ‡‰ไฝฟ็”จ็”ฑ้ฆ™ๆธฏไธŠๆตทๅŒฏ่ฑ้Š€่กŒๆœ‰้™ๅ…ฌๅธๅœจไป˜ๆฌพ็•ถๅคฉๅ ฑ็ตฆ

ๆ˜ฏ็”ฑ้ฆ™ๆธฏๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅœฐๅ€ๆ‰€ๅพตๆ”ถ)ใ€‚่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ‡้ ˆ่ฒ ่ฒฌไพ็›ธ้—œๆณ•ๅพ‹ๆ‰€่ฆๅฎšไน‹็จ…็Ž‡ๅŠๆ™‚้–“็นณ

ๅฅนๆ‡‰่‡ด้›ป(852)2537 1880 ๆˆ–ๅ‚ณ็œŸ่‡ณ(852)2537 2810่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่ฏ็ตกใ€‚็ผบๅธญ็ซถๆŠ•

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๆธฏๅ…ƒๅŒฏ็Ž‡๏ผŒ่€Œ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๅŒฏ็Ž‡่จผๆ˜Žๅ…ทๆœ‰ๆฑบๅฎšๆ€งใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็„ก่ฒฌไปปๆ”ฏ

็ด่ฉฒ็ญ‰็จ…ๆฌพใ€‚

็™ป่จ˜็”ณ่ซ‹่กจๅฏๆ–ผๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๆˆ–็ถฒไธŠwww.seoulauction.comๅ–ๅพ—ใ€‚

ไป˜ไปปไฝ•ๅˆฉๆฏ๏ผŒไนŸ็„ก่ฒฌไปป่ณ ๅ„Ÿๅ› ไปปไฝ•ๅค–ๅนฃๅ…Œๆ›็Ž‡็š„ๆณขๅ‹•ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ไปปไฝ•ๅŽŸๅ› ๅผ•่ตท็š„ไปป

ๅ‚ณ็œŸ๏ผš+852-2759-9772

ไฝ•ๆๅคฑใ€‚้Š€่กŒ่ฝ‰ๅธณๆ‡‰่ฝ‰่‡ณไธ‹ๅˆ—ๅธณๆˆถ:

็ฟป่ญฏ

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡็›กๅˆ็†ๅŠชๅŠ›ไฟƒไฝฟ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ไปฅ่ฆช่‡ช็ซถๆŠ•ใ€ๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑๆ–นๅผ็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚ไฝ†่‹ฅ้ฆ–็ˆพ

้Š€่กŒๅ็จฑ: ้ฆ™ๆธฏไธŠๆตทๅŒฏ่ฑ้Š€่กŒๆœ‰้™ๅ…ฌๅธ

่‹ฅๆœฌๅœ–้Œ„็š„่‹ฑๆ–‡ใ€ไธญๆ–‡ๅŠ/ๆˆ–้Ÿ“ๆ–‡็‰ˆๆœฌ้–“ๆœ‰ไปปไฝ•ไธๆธ…ๆฅšๆˆ–่ชคๅทฎไน‹่™•๏ผŒๆ‡‰ไปฅ่‹ฑๆ–‡็‰ˆ็‚บ

ๆ‹่ณฃๆœช่ƒฝๅšๅˆฐๆˆ–ๆœช่ƒฝๅณๆ™‚ๅšๅˆฐ๏ผŒๆˆ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆˆ–ๅ…ถ่‘ฃไบ‹ใ€้ซ˜็ดš่ทๅ“กใ€ๅ“กๅทฅๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ

ๅธณๆˆถๅ็จฑ: ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ้ฆ™ๆธฏๆœ‰้™ๅ…ฌๅธ

ๆบ–ใ€‚

็†ๅœจ่™•็†ไปปไฝ•็ซถๆŠ•็š„่จปๅ†ŠๅŠ/ๆˆ–็”ณ่ซ‹๏ผŒๆ”ถๅ–ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅŸท่กŒๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑๆ–นๅผ็ซถๆŠ•ๆ™‚ๅ‡บ็พ

ๅธณๆˆถ่™Ÿ็ขผ: 808-584437-838

้Œฏ่ชคๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–่ฉฒ้Œฏ่ชคๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝๆ˜ฏๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€ ๆˆ็š„๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไธๆ‰ฟๆ“”ไปปไฝ•่ฒฌไปปใ€‚

SWIFT code: HSBCHKHHHKH

่ฏ็ตก่ณ‡ๆ–™

ๆ›ธ้ขๅ‡บๅƒน็ซถๆŠ•็š„็ตๆžœๅฐ‡ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅพŒ้ƒตๅฏ„่‡ณ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅœจๅ…ถ็›ธ้—œ็™ป่จ˜่กจๆ ผไธญ่จปๆ˜Ž็š„ๅœฐ

ๅœฐๅ€: ้ฆ™ๆธฏไธญ็’ฐ็š‡ๅŽๅคง้“ไธญ1่™ŸๅŒฏ่ฑ้Š€่กŒ็ธฝ่กŒๅคงๅปˆ

้›ป่ฉฑ่™Ÿ็ขผ๏ผš(852)2537 1880

ๅ€ใ€‚้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•ๅฏ่ƒฝๆœƒ่ขซ้Œ„้Ÿณ๏ผŒ่€Œๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…่‹ฅไปฅ้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•ๅณไปฃ่กจๅ…ถๅŒๆ„ๅ…ถๅฐ่ฉฑๅฐ‡ ่ขซ้Œ„้Ÿณใ€‚

ๅ‚ณ็œŸ่™Ÿ็ขผ๏ผš(852)2537 2810 ่ซ‹ๅœจ็ตฆ่ˆ‡้Š€่กŒ่ฝ‰่ณฌๆŒ‡็คบๆ™‚่จปๆ˜Ž้–ฃไธ‹็š„ๅง“ๅๅŠ็™ผ็ฅจ่™Ÿ็ขผใ€‚

้›ป้ƒตๅœฐๅ€๏ผšinfo@seoulauction.com.hk

ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ็š„้™ๅˆถไธ‹๏ผŒ่‹ฅไปปไฝ•ๆฌพ้ …ๆ˜ฏไปฅๅ€‹ไบบๆˆ–ๅ…ฌๅธๆ”ฏ็ฅจๆ”ฏไป˜๏ผŒ่ซ‹ๆณจๆ„ๅœจ่ฉฒๆ”ฏ็ฅจ ็ซถๆŠ•ๅ’Œๅบ•ๅƒน

ๅ…Œ็พๅ‰ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅŠๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌŠไธๆœƒ้€ไบคๅ’Œ่ฝ‰่ฎ“็ตฆ่ฒทๅฎถใ€‚ไปฅ็พ้‡‘ๆˆ–้Š€่กŒๅŒฏ็ฅจๆ–น

ๅบ•ๅƒน็‚บๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บไน‹ๅ‰่ณฃๅฎถๅŒๆ„ๅฐฑ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆœƒๆŽฅๅ—็š„ๆœ€ไฝŽๆˆไบคๅƒนใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๅฟ…

ๅผไป˜ๆฌพ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅฐ‡็ซ‹ๅณ้€ไบค็ตฆ่ฒทๅฎถ๏ผŒไธ”ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌŠไนŸๅฐ‡็ซ‹ๅณ่ฝ‰่ฎ“็ตฆ่ฒทๅฎถใ€‚ๆ—…

้ ˆ็‚บๅบ•ๅƒนไฟๅฏ†ใ€‚ไปปไฝ•ไฝŽๆ–ผๅบ•ๅƒน็š„ๅ‡บๅƒนๅฐ‡ไธ่ขซๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๆŽฅๅ—ใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅœจๅ‡บๅ”ฎ็•ถๆ—ฅ็š„

่กŒๆ”ฏ็ฅจๅ’Œไฟก็”จๅกไป˜ๆฌพไธ่ขซๆŽฅๅ—ใ€‚

ๅบ•ๅƒนไธๅฏ่ถ…ๅ‡บๅ…ถ่ผƒไฝŽ้ ไผฐๅƒนใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๅฏไปฅ้€š้ŽๆŒ็บŒ็ซถๆŠ•ๆˆ–ๅ›žๆ‡‰ๅ…ถไป–็ซถๆŠ•ๅ‡บๅƒน๏ผŒ ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ไธ€้ …ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆ–ผไฝŽๆ–ผๅ…ถๅบ•ๅƒน้‡‘้กไปฃ่กจ่ณฃๅฎถๅ‡บๅƒนใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎšไปฅ

่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘

ไฝŽๆ–ผๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅบ•ๅƒน็š„ๅƒนๆ ผๅฑ•้–‹็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚็„ถ่€Œๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ไธๅฏไปฅๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ไปฃ่กจ่ณฃๅฎถ

ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘่ฒป็Ž‡ๆ‡‰็‚บ๏ผš

ๅ‡บๅŒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅบ•ๅƒน็›ธ็ญ‰ๆˆ–้ซ˜ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅบ•ๅƒน็š„ๅƒนๆ ผใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๆฒ’ๆœ‰็พฉๅ‹™็‰นๅˆฅๆŒ‡ๅ‡บๅ…ถไปฃ

(i) ๅฆ‚ๆˆไบคๅƒนไฝŽๆ–ผๆˆ–็ญ‰ๆ–ผๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒ๏ผŒๅ‰‡็‚บๆˆไบคๅƒนไน‹18%๏ผ›ๆˆ–

่กจ่ณฃๅฎถ็š„็ซถๆŠ•ๅ‡บๅƒนใ€‚

(ii)

ๅฆ‚ๆˆไบคๅƒน้ซ˜ๆ–ผๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒ๏ผŒๅ‰‡็‚บๆฏไปถๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆˆไบคๅƒน้ฆ–ๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒไน‹

18%๏ผŒๆˆไบคๅƒน่ถ…ๅ‡บๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒไฝ†ไธ่ถ…้Žๆธฏๅนฃ8,000,000ๅ…ƒ(ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆญค้‡‘้ก)้ƒจไปฝ็š„ ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๅ‡บๅ”ฎๅŠ็™ผ็ฅจ

15%๏ผŒๅŠๆˆไบคๅƒน่ถ…ๅ‡บๆธฏๅนฃ8,000,000ๅ…ƒ็š„่ถ…ๅ‡บ้ƒจๅˆ†็š„12%ๅพ—็ธฝๅ’Œใ€‚่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ

ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆ–ผ่ณฃๅฎถๅŠ่ฒทๅฎถ้–“ๅœจ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆˆไบคๅƒน่จ‚็ซ‹ใ€‚่ณฃๅฎถ่ˆ‡่ฒทๅฎถ้–“็š„ๆ‹่ณฃ

้‡‘ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไปปไฝ•่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆ”ฏไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จใ€‚

ๅ“ๅ”ฎ่ณฃๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๆŽฅๅ—ๆœ€้ซ˜็š„็ซถๆŠ•ๆ™‚่ฝๆงŒๅŠๅ–Šๅ‡บๆœ€้ซ˜ๅ‡บๅƒน็š„็ซถๆŠ•่€…็ซถๆจ™็‰Œ่™Ÿ็ขผ(ๅณ ่ฒทๅฎถ)ๆ™‚ๅณ็™ผ็”Ÿใ€‚่‹ฅ่ฒทๅฎถ่ฆช่‡จๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด็ซถๆŠ•ไธฆๆ–ผๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๆ™‚ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅ†…๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ‡

ๅ‡บๅฃ/้€ฒๅฃ่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰

ๆœƒๅœจๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็•ถๅคฉ่ขซ่ฆๆฑ‚็ฐฝ็ฝฒๆˆๅŠŸ็ซถๆŠ•็ขบ่ชๆ›ธไปฅ็ขบ่ชๅ…ถ่ณผ่ฒทใ€‚่‹ฅ่ฒทๅฎถๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ฆช

ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠๅ”ฎๅ‡บ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅฏ่ƒฝๅ—้ฆ™ๆธฏๅ‡บๅฃๆณ•ๅพ‹็š„่ฆ้™ๅŠ็›ธ้—œๅœ‹ๅฎถ็š„้€ฒๅฃ้™ๅˆถใ€‚่ฒท

่‡จๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด็ซถๆŠ•ๆˆ–ๆ–ผๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๆ™‚ไธๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅ†…๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ‡ๆœƒๅœจๅฏฆ้š›ๅฏ่กŒ็ฏ„ๅœๅ†…ๅ„˜

ๅฎถๅฐ‡่‡ช่กŒ่ฒ ่ฒฌๅ–ๅพ—ๅ‡บๅฃ/้€ฒๅฃ่ณผ่ฒท็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆ‰€้œ€็š„ไปปไฝ•็›ธ้—œ่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰ใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏ

ๅฟซ่ขซ่ฆๆฑ‚็ฐฝ็ฝฒๆˆๅŠŸ็ซถๆŠ•็ขบ่ชๆ›ธไปฅ็ขบ่ชๅ…ถ่ณผ่ฒทใ€‚

่ƒฝๆœƒๆ‡‰่ฒทๅฎถๆ›ธ้ข่ฆๆฑ‚ๅ‘่ฒทๅฎถไป‹็ดน่จ—้‹ไบบ๏ผŒๅ”ๅŠฉ็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ‰€้œ€็š„่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰๏ผŒไฝ†้ขจ้šชๅŠ่ฒป ็”จ็”ฑ่ฒทๅฎถๆ‰ฟๆ“”ใ€‚ไฝ†้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐฑ่ฉฒ็ญ‰ไป‹็ดนไธ่ฒ ไปปไฝ•่ฒฌไปปใ€‚ๆ นๆ“šๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ๏ผŒ่ฉฒ่จฑๅฏ

่‹ฅ่ฒทๅฎถ่ฆช่‡จๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด็ซถๆŠ•ไธฆๆ–ผๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๆ™‚ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅ†…๏ผŒๅ‰‡ๅฐ‡ๆ–ผๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ่ตท24ๅฐๆ™‚

่ญ‰่ขซๆ‹’็ฐฝๆˆ–ๅปถ้ฒๅ–ๅพ—่ฉฒ่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰ไธๅฏไฝœ็‚บ่ฒทๅฎถๅ–ๆถˆ่ณผ่ฒท่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆˆ–ๆ‹’็ต•ๆˆ–ๅปถ้ฒๆ”ฏ

ๅ†…่ฆช่‡ชๆ”ถๅˆฐ่จปๆ˜Ž่ฒทๅฎถ่ณผๅ…ฅ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€ๆˆไบคๅƒนใ€่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘ๅŠไปปไฝ•่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จ

ไป˜ๆ‡‰ไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„ๅ…จ้ƒจๆฌพ้ …็š„็†็”ฑใ€‚

็š„็™ผ็ฅจใ€‚่‹ฅ่ฒทๅฎถๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ฆช่‡จๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด็ซถๆŠ•ๆˆ–ๆ–ผๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๆ™‚ไธๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅ†…๏ผŒๅ‰‡ๅฐ‡ๆ–ผ ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ็š„ๅ…ฉๅ€‹็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅๅ…ง๏ผŒๅฐ‡็™ผ็ฅจๅ‚ณ็œŸๆˆ–้ƒตๅฏ„่‡ณๅ…ถ็›ธ้—œ็™ป่จ˜่กจๆ ผๅ…ง่จปๆ˜Ž็š„

ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„้ ˜ๅ–่ˆ‡ๅ„ฒๅญ˜

ๅœฐๅ€ใ€‚

่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰่‡ช่กŒ่ฒ ่ฒฌๅœจ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅใ€ๆˆ–็”ฑๆŽˆๆฌŠ็š„ไปฃ่กจ้ ˜ๅ–ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€‚้™ค้ž่ฒทๅฎถ่ˆ‡

ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆ นๆ“šๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฆๆœ‰ๆ›ธ้ข็ด„ๅฎš๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅƒ…ๅ‘่ฒทๅฎถๆˆ–ๅ…ถๆŽˆๆฌŠไปฃ่กจไบคไป˜่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€‚ๆ นๆ“š

่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)ไป˜ๆธ…ๅ…จๆ•ธ็™ผ็ฅจ้‡‘้กๅŠๅœจ็™ผ็ฅจ้€ๅ‡บๅพŒ็”ข็”Ÿ็š„ไปปไฝ•่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จ๏ผš

ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅƒ…ๆœƒๅœจๆ”ถๅ–ๅพ—ๅˆฐ(i)ๅ…ถๆปฟๆ„็š„่บซไปฝ่ญ‰ๆ˜Žๅ’ŒๆŽˆๆฌŠ(ๅฆ‚ๆ˜ฏๆŽˆๆฌŠไปฃ่กจ)

(i) ๆ–ผ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๅพŒ(ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ็•ถๆ—ฅ)็š„7ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๅ…ง (่‹ฅๆˆไบคๅƒนๅฐ‘ๆ–ผๆธฏๅนฃ2,500,000ๅ…ƒ); (ii) ๆ–ผ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๅพŒ(ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ็•ถๆ—ฅ)็š„21ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๅ…ง (่‹ฅๆˆไบคๅƒน็ญ‰ๆ–ผๆˆ–่ถ…้Žๆธฏๅนฃ 2,500,000ๅ…ƒ), ไฝ†่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆ–ผๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๅพŒ(ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ็•ถๆ—ฅ)็š„7ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๅ…งๆ นๆ“šๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ ๅŠๆœฌ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ฏไป˜่ฒทๅ…ฅๅƒน็š„30%ใ€‚

้—œๆ–‡ไปถใ€‚้ฆ–ๆฌกๅƒ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…๏ผŒ้‚„้ ˆๆไบคไธ€ไปฝๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆœŸ็š„้Š€่กŒๅธณๅ–ฎๅŠ

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๊ฒฝ๋งค ์‘์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋‚™์ฐฐ ์‹œ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ 2014๋…„ 5์›” 26์ผ (์ดํ•˜ โ€œ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„โ€์ด๋ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค)์— ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์™€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์„œ์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒญ, ์‘์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทœ์œจ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ ๊ฐ„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์ด ์šฐ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ˆ™์ง€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ , ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: (02) 395 0330 ๋˜๋Š” ํŒฉ์Šค: (02)395 0338์— ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์šฉ์–ด ์ค‘ ๊ณ ์œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์“ฐ์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ์ •์˜๋œ ๋ฐ”์— ์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์ƒ, โ€œ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆโ€์€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ์ œ13, 14์กฐ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์ œ15์กฐ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ, ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ๋ฉด์ฑ… ๊ทœ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์ œํ•œ ๋ณด์ฆ์„ ์ˆ™์ง€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ์น˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ํ™˜์œจ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•จ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ณต์ง€ ์—†์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์›ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์•ˆํ™”๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(USD), ํ•œ๊ตญ ์›ํ™”(KRW) ๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์•ˆํ™”(CNY) ํ‘œ์‹œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•จ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋Š” ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(HKD)๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์›ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ์œ„์•ˆํ™”์˜ ํ™˜์œจ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. HKD[7.75] = USD[1] HKD[1] = KRW[134] HKD[1.2] = CNY[1] ์œ„ ํ™˜์œจ์€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์˜ ์ธ์‡„ ์ด์ „ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์›ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์•ˆํ™”๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก๋„ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ„ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ™˜์œจ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธˆ์•ก (๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ญ)์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์›ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์•ˆํ™”๋กœ์˜ ํ™˜์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์›ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์•ˆํ™”๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์•ˆํ™”๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์œจ์€ ์œ„ ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์‹œํšŒ(ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์ถœํ’ˆ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ, ์ผ์‹œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ, ์ผ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ณต์ง€์—†์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋Š” ๊ณต์ค‘์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „์‹œํšŒ์—์˜ ์ž…์žฅ ์ด์ „์— ์ „์‹œํšŒ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์‹ ์›ํ™•์ธ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋ฉด/์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ œ์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„œ๋ฉด ์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™” ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (i) ์„œ๋ฉด/์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ; (ii) ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘ ์‚ฌ์ „๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (iii) ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ํ•„์š” ์„œ๋ฅ˜.

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์œ„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด/์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ 1 ์˜์—…์ผ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๊ทธ ์‹ ์ฒญ์ด ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋ฉด ํ™•์ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํŒฉ์Šค๋‚˜ ์„œ๋ฉด/์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ์— ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž๋Š” ์„œ๋ฉด ํ™•์ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒญ์ด ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์ผ ์ดํ‹€ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€(์˜์—…์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ์œ„ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ™•์ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: (02) 395 0330 ๋˜๋Š” ํŒฉ์Šค: (02)395 0338 ์— ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฉด/์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ www. seoulauction.com ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ, ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์‘์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜, ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋ถˆ์‹œํ–‰ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ฐ, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ, ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ๋“ฑ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒญ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค ํ›„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ๋ฅ˜์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ์— ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์†ก๋ถ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์€ ๋…น์Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋…น์Œ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…์ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๋„์ธ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ตœ์ € ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ž…์ฐฐ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์„ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ, ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์„ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‘์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์„ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์ฐฐํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋ฐ ์†ก์žฅ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€์— ๋งค๋„์ธ๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๊ฐ„์— ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž(์ฆ‰, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž)์˜ ํŒจ๋“ค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ด‰์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ค ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ฐฐ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ์—, (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—, ๊ทธ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚™์ฐฐํ™•์ธ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…๋‚ ์ธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก, ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€, ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์žฌํ•œ ์†ก์žฅ์„ (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 24 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๊ทธ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดํ‹€(์˜์—…์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ด€๋ จ ๋“ฑ๋ก์„œ๋ฅ˜์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ํŒฉ์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์†ก์žฅ์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ์†ก์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ์†ก ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋‚ด์— (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์™„๋‚ฉํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (i) (๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ HKD 2,500,000 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”) ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์—; ๋˜๋Š” (ii) (๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ HKD 2,500,000 ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 21์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ( ๋‹จ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ HKD 2,500,000 ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€์˜ 30%๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ). ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์™€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์™€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ œ3์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ƒ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝ๋งค ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ BALtrans International Moving Ltd. ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง€๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘ ๋‹น ๋งค๋‹ฌ HKD 600์ด ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ข… ํ†ตํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ๊ฒฐ์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘์ฐฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋Š” ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ํ†ตํ™”๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์™€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ฐ„์— ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ํ™˜์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์€ํ–‰ ํ™˜์ „ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์— ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ™˜์ „๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ „์€ ์ง€๊ธ‰์ผ์— ํ™์ฝฉ์ƒํ•˜์ด์€ํ–‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ํ™์ฝฉ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ™˜์œจ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ„ ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์ฆ๋ช…์€ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌธ์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ํ™˜์œจ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ž ๋˜๋Š” ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

BALtrans International Moving Limited Unit A, 1/F, Sunshine Kowloon Bay Cargo Centre 59 Tai Yip Street, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Contact: Mr. Chester Lai Tel: +852-2756-2882 Fax: +852-2759-9772

์€ํ–‰๊ณ„์ •์†ก๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋กœ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์€ํ–‰๋ช…: The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ์ฃผ๋ช…: Seoul Auction Hong Kong Limited ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: 808-584437-838 SWIFT code: HSBCHKHHHKH ์ฃผ์†Œ: HSBC, Head Office, 1 Queenโ€™s Road, Central, Hong Kong ์€ํ–‰๊ณ„์ •์†ก๊ธˆ์‹œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์†ก์žฅ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ‘œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ˆ˜ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์ด ์ธ๋„๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ์ด์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๊ฒฐ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ์€ํ–‰๊ณ„์ •์†ก๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ด์ „๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌํ–‰์ž์ˆ˜ํ‘œ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์€ (ํ™์ฝฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋œ) ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ธ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์„ธ ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ์œจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ์˜๋ฌธ, ์ค‘๋ฌธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์šฐ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 02)395 0330 ํŒฉ์Šค 02)395 0338 ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ info@seoulauction.com

๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (i) ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ HKD 400,000 ์ดํ•˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ธˆ์•ก์˜ 18%; ๋˜๋Š” (ii) ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ HKD 400,000 ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ HKD 400,000๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 18%; HKD 400,000 ์ดˆ๊ณผ HKD 8,000,000 ์ดํ•˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ HKD 400,000์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ 15%, HKD 8,000,000๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ HKD 8,000,000 ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ 12%๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ถœ/์ž… ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์ฆ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์€ ํ™์ฝฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ น ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž… ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ น์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ๋ฐ˜์ถœ/๋ฐ˜์ž…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด ํ•˜์— ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ทจ๋“๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์†ก์—…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ฐ์€, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋งค์ˆ˜ ์ทจ์†Œ, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ฐ์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์‚ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์šด์†ก ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ ํ•˜์—, ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์ธ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€, ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ์‹ ์› ๋ฐ (๊ถŒํ•œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๊ถŒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์™„๋‚ฉ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์ธ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์™€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด ํ•˜์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํฌ์žฅ ์ธ๋„ ๋ฐ ์šด์†ก๋ณดํ—˜๊ฐ€์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์œ„ ํฌ์žฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์†ํ•ด๋‚˜ ์†์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (i) ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ์ด ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋œ ๋‚ ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (ii) ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์œ„์ž„๋ฐ›์€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ธ์ˆ˜์ผ, ์ค‘ ๋จผ์ € ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์— ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ „๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜์ž์—†์ด ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€์ œ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”

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AUCTION TERMS 1 Purpose 1.1 These terms and conditions of auction (these โ€œAuction Termsโ€) and the Important Notices (the โ€œImportant Noticesโ€) contained in the relevant Auction Catalogue (defined below) contain all the terms and conditions on which: 1.1.1 S eoul Auction Hong Kong Limited (โ€œSeoul Auctionโ€) shall conduct an Auction (defined below); 1.1.2 p rospective Bidders shall register and/or apply to place, and Bidders shall place, bids in such Auction; and 1.1.3 S eoul Auction and the Seller shall contract with the Buyer in connection with the sale of any lot in such Auction. 2 Definitions 2.1 โ€œAuctionโ€ means an auction conducted by Seoul Auction from time to time in accordance with these Auction Terms and the Important Notices. 2.2 โ€œAuction Catalogueโ€ means, in relation to an Auction, the catalogue published by Seoul Auction containing descriptions and information on the lots scheduled to be sold at such Auction. 2.3 โ€œAuction Dateโ€ means, in respect of any lot, the date on which such lot is scheduled to be sold at an Auction. 2.4 โ€œAuction Periodโ€ means, in relation to an Auction, the date(s) on which such Auction is held. 2.5 โ€œBidderโ€ means, in relation to an Auction, any person who has registered and/or applied to Seoul Auction to place bids in such Auction and, if applicable, has received written confirmation of such registration and/or application from Seoul Auction in accordance with these Auction Terms and the Important Notices. 2.6 โ€œBusiness Dayโ€ means a calendar day which is not a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday in Hong Kong. 2.7 โ€œBuyerโ€ means, in respect of any lot, the Bidder who is declared by the auctioneer to be the Bidder who has made the highest bid for such lot in accordance with these Auction Terms. 2.8 โ€œBuyer Withdrawal Feeโ€ means, in respect of any lot, an amount equal to 30% of the Hammer Price of such lot. 2.9 โ€œBuyerโ€™s Expensesโ€ means, in respect of any lot, any taxes, costs, charges or expenses including, but not limited to, any currency conversion costs, storage charges, packaging, delivery and transit insurance costs, incurred by any of Seoul Auction, its directors, officers, employees and/ or agents in connection with the sale of such lot pursuant to these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices and payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction. 2.10 โ€œBuyerโ€™s Premiumโ€ means, in respect of any lot, the premium payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction in accordance with these Auction Terms in connection with the sale and purchase of such lot. 2.11 โ€œConsignorโ€ means, in respect of any lot, the person who has consigned such lot to Seoul Auction to be sold at an Auction by entering into a consignment agreement with Seoul Auction prior to the start date of such Auction. 2.12 โ€œEstimate Priceโ€ means, in respect of any lot, the estimated value of such lot as determined by Seoul Auction in its sole and absolute discretion. 2.13 โ€œHammer Priceโ€ means, in respect of any lot, the sale price of such lot, being the amount equal to the highest bid accepted by the auctioneer by striking his/her hammer and calling the paddle number of the relevant Bidder in accordance with these Auction Terms. 2.14 โ€œPurchase Priceโ€ means, in respect of any lot, an amount equal to the sum of the Hammer Price and the Buyerโ€™s Premium of such lot. 2.15 โ€œReserve Priceโ€ means, in respect of any lot, the minimum selling price of such lot agreed in writing between the Seller and Seoul Auction (if the Consignor is the Seller), or determined by Seoul Auction (if Seoul Auction is the Seller), as the case may be, prior to the sale of such lot. 2.16 โ€œSellerโ€ means, in respect of any lot, the counterparty to the contract of sale of such lot, which shall be Seoul Auction if a lot is marked with the symbol โ€œโˆ†โ€ next to its lot number in the relevant Auction Catalogue, or the Consignor if a lot is not marked with such symbol in the relevant Auction Catalogue. 3 Seoul Auction as agent or as the Seller Except in respect of any lot of which Seoul Auction is the Seller, Seoul Auction shall act as agent of the Consignor (being the Seller) in selling the Consignorโ€™s lot in an Auction. The contract for the sale of a lot shall be made between the Seller and the Buyer. 4 Previews 4.1 Seoul Auction will hold preview(s) of lots scheduled to be sold at an Auction which will be open to the public and free of charge, provided however, that Seoul Auction may, in its sole and absolute discretion, require proof of identity satisfactory to it before admitting any person to any preview and/or refuse admission of any person to any preview. 4.2 Seoul Auction will give notice of the place, date, time and duration of any preview on its website and/or in the relevant Auction Catalogue. Seoul Auction may, in its sole and absolute discretion, cancel, or change the place, date, time and/or duration of, any preview without prior notice. Seoul Auction may, in its sole and absolute discretion, determine not to sell any lot exhibited at a preview in the relevant Auction or any Auction at all. 5 Bidder registration Unless otherwise agreed in writing with Seoul Auction prior to the start date of the relevant Auction Period, prospective Bidders, including first-time prospective Bidders, shall register and/or apply to place bids in an Auction by completing and sending to Seoul Auction the relevant registration form and any supplementary document specified in such registration form and/or requested by Seoul Auction in accordance with the Important Notices. Registration of prospective Bidders and application to place bids in writing or by telephone will be conducted as prescribed in the relevant Important Notices. Seoul Auction shall use reasonable endeavours to process any registration and/or any application to place bids, provided however, that Seoul Auction shall not be responsible for any failure to do so or delay in doing so, or for any error and/or omission by Seoul Auction, its directors, officers, employees and/or agents in processing such registration and/or application, howsoever caused. 6 Estimate Prices 6.1 Seoul Auction will provide a lower Estimate Price and a higher Estimate Price for each lot in Hong Kong Dollars, US Dollars and Korean Won in the relevant Auction Catalogue, in its advertisements and other publications and/or during the relevant Auction Period. Seoul Auction may, in its sole and absolute discretion, change at any time before and up to the time

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of the sale of any lot the Estimate Prices of such lot without prior notice. Estimate Prices will not include the Buyerโ€™s Premium and/or any Buyerโ€™s Expenses payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction. Estimate Prices provided by Seoul Auction will be for reference only and shall not be an indication of the value or the Hammer Price of the relevant lot. Seoul Auction shall not be responsible for any Estimate Price being quoted in the public. 6.2 Except as otherwise expressly provided in these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices, the Estimate Prices shown in US Dollars and Korean Won, Chinese Yuan in any Auction Catalogue or elsewhere will be for reference only and all bids and payment shall be in Hong Kong Dollars. In respect of Estimate Prices provided in an Auction Catalogue, the relevant Important Notices will contain the rates of exchange used for converting the Estimate Prices expressed in Hong Kong Dollars into US Dollars and Korean Won, Chinese Yuan in such Auction Catalogue. Such rates of exchange will be obtained at the latest practicable date prior to the printing of the relevant Auction Catalogue and may change at any time thereafter. No representation is made that any of the US Dollar or the Korean Won, Chinese Yuan amounts shown in any Auction Catalogue and/or elsewhere could have been or could be converted into Hong Kong Dollars (or vice versa) at the specified rates, at any particular rates or at all. Seoul Auction shall not be responsible for any error or omission, however caused, arising from, or in connection with, conversion of Estimate Prices expressed in Hong Kong Dollars into US Dollars and Korean Won, Chinese Yuan. 7 Conduct of Auction and conclusion of the sale of a lot 7.1 Seoul Auction will give notice of the scheduled date, time, duration and place of an Auction on its website and/or in the relevant Auction Catalogue, provided however, that Seoul Auction may, in its sole and absolute discretion, cancel, or change the date, time, duration and/or place of, any Auction at any time before the scheduled start date of such Auction without prior notice. 7.2 Each of Seoul Auction and the auctioneer may, in its sole and absolute discretion, refuse admission of any person to any Auction and/or reject any bid (whether made in person, in writing or by telephone) placed in any Auction. 7.3 Each lot shall be sold subject to the Reserve Price of such lot and the auctioneer shall not accept any bid below such Reserve Price.The auctioneer shall keep the Reserve Price confidential.The Reserve Price of any lot shall not exceed the lower Estimate Price of such lot as at the date of the sale. The auctioneer may place bids on behalf of the Seller below the Reserve Price by either placing consecutive bids or entering bids in response to bids placed in person, in writing or by telephone (as the case may be). The auctioneer may, in its sole and absolute discretion, start the bidding of any lot below the Reserve Price of such lot. The auctioneer shall not place any bid on behalf of the Seller at or above the Reserve Price. The auctioneer shall not be obliged to specifically identify bids placed on behalf of the Seller. 7.4 A Bidder may place bids in person, in writing or by telephone, subject to, and in accordance with, these Auction Terms and the Important Notices. Bids placed by telephone may be recorded and Bidders shall be deemed to have consented to the recording of their conversations by placing bids by telephone. 7.5 Subject to Clauses 7.6 and 7.7: 7.5.1 i n the case of bids placed in person, the Bidder shall place his/her bid by raising his/her paddle after the auctioneerโ€™s call in the auction hall; 7.5.2 i n the case of written bids, the auctioneer will call out such bids in the auction hall before commencing to receive bids placed in person or by telephone; and/or 7.5.3 i n the case of bids placed by telephone, Seoul Auctionโ€™s staff will place bids on behalf of the Bidder in the auction hall. 7.6 In respect of a lot, Seoul Auction shall use reasonable endeavours to receive any written bid or telephone bid, provided however, that Seoul Auction shall not be responsible for any failure to do so or delay in doing so, or for any error and/or omission by Seoul Auction, its directors, officers, employees and/or agents in receiving such bid, howsoever caused. 7.7 If, in respect of a lot, any written bid or telephone bid is received by Seoul Auction in accordance with these Auction Terms and the Important Notices, Seoul Auction shall use reasonable endeavours to place such bid, provided however, that Seoul Auction shall not be responsible for any failure to do so or delay in doing so, or for any error and/or omission by Seoul Auction, its directors, officers, employees and/or agents in placing such bid, howsoever caused. 7.8 In respect of a lot, if a written bid and a bid in person, or a written bid and a bid by telephone, have the same bid price, the Bidder who placed the written bid will be declared to be the Buyer subject to, and in accordance with, these Auction Terms. If two written bids for a lot have the same bid price, the Bidder of the written bid first received by Seoul Auction will be declared the Buyer subject to, and in accordance with, these Auction Terms. 7.9 Seoul Auction may, in its sole and absolute discretion, (i) withdraw any lot at any time before the scheduled time of sale of such lot without prior notice; (ii) combine any two or more lots without prior notice; (iii) re-commence during the relevant Auction Period, the auction of any lot which was previously put up for sale during such Auction Period but not sold without prior notice; (iv) in the event of any error arising in relation to, or any dispute among the Bidders over the validity of, bids placed in respect of a lot, determine the Buyer of, continue the bidding process of, cancel the sale of, and/or put up for resale, such lot; and/or (v) in the event that any dispute over the authenticity of any lot, or the validity of the sale of any lot, has arisen or may, in Seoul Auctionโ€™s sole opinion, arise, refuse to place such lot in an Auction, discontinue the bidding process and/or cancel the sale. In the event that the bidding process or the sale of a lot is discontinued or cancelled in accordance with this Clause 7.9, the Buyerโ€™s sole and exclusive remedy against Seoul Auction and/or the Seller, as the case may be, shall be the refund of the Purchase Price paid by the Buyer for such lot (if any). Neither Seoul Auction nor the Seller shall be liable for any special, indirect or consequential loss including, but not limited to, loss of profits or loss of interest. For the avoidance of doubt, Seoul Auction shall not be liable to pay any interest or indemnify any loss incurred as a result of any foreign exchange rate fluctuation or otherwise. 7.10 Without prejudice to Clause 7.2, the sale of any lot between the Seller and the Buyer shall occur immediately upon the auctioneer accepting the highest bid by striking his/her hammer and calling out the paddle number of the relevant Bidder. The Buyer shall sign a Successful Bidding Confirmation confirming the purchase by him/her of a lot on the date of the sale of such lot (where the Buyer made his/her bid in person and is present in the auction hall on the date of the sale) or as soon as practicable (where the Buyer did not make his/her bid in person or is not present in the auction hall on the date of the sale). 7.11 Risk associated with, and responsibility for, a lot will pass to the Buyer from the earlier of (i) the expiration of seven calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot, and

(ii) the date of collection of such lot by the Buyer or its authorised representative. Title to the lot, however, will not pass to the Buyer until all amounts payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) under these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices have been received by Seoul Auction in good cleared funds. 7.12 Except as expressly provided in Clause 7.3, a Seller shall not, directly or indirectly, place bids on his/her lots in an Auction. 8 Marketing materials The copyright in all images, illustrations and/or written material produced by or for Seoul Auction relating to any lot, including the contents of any Auction Catalogue, shall be and shall remain at all times the property of Seoul Auction and shall not be used by the Buyer, nor by any other person, at any time without Seoul Auctionโ€™s prior written consent. Neither Seoul Auction nor the Seller makes any representation or warranty that the Buyer of a lot will acquire any copyright or other reproduction rights in it. 9 Buyerโ€™s Premium 9.1 In respect of any lot, the Buyerโ€™s Premium shall be: 9.1.1 if the Hammer Price is less than or equal to HKD400,000, 18% of the Hammer Price; or 9.1.2 i f the Hammer Price is more than HKD400,000, the sum of18% of the first HKD400,000 of the Hammer Price, 15% of the excess of the Hammer Price above HKD400,000 up to and including HKD8,000,000, and 12% of the excess of the Hammer Price above HKD8,000,000. By way of example: (i) if the Hammer Price is HKD300,000, the Buyerโ€™s Premium will be HKD54,000 (HKD300,000ร—18%). (ii) if the Hammer Price is HKD12,000,000, the Buyerโ€™s Premium will be HKD1,692,000, which is the sum of (HKD400,000 ร— 18%), (HKD8,000,000 - HKD400,000) ร— 15% and (HKD12,000,000 - HKD8,000,000) ร— 12%. 9.2 The Buyerโ€™s Premium shall be exclusive of any Buyerโ€™s Expenses payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction. 10 Payments of the Purchase Price and Delivery of lots 10.1 Seoul Auction will provide to the Buyer an invoice or invoices of the amounts due from the Buyer to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) under these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices listing the lot(s) purchased by the Buyer in an Auction, the Hammer Price, the Buyerโ€™s Premium and/or any Buyerโ€™s Expenses: (i) in person within 24 hours of the sale of the lot(s) (where the Buyer made his/her bid in person and is present in the auction hall on the date of the sale); or (ii) by fax or by post to the billing address provided by the Buyer in his/her registration form within two Business Days from, but not including, the date of the sale of the lot(s) (where the Buyer did not make his/her bid in person or is not present in the auction hall on the date of the sale). 10.2 In respect of lot(s) purchased by the Buyer, the Buyer shall pay to Seoul Auction (for itself and/ or on behalf of the Consignor) in accordance with these Auction Terms and the Important Notices: 10.2.1 the full invoiced amount; and 10.2.2 a ny other Buyerโ€™s Expenses incurred after the invoice(s) has/have been sent to the Buyer, within seven calendar days (or within 21 calendar days if the Hammer Price is higher than or equal to HKD2,500,000, provided however, that the Buyer shall pay to Seoul Auction 30% of the Purchase Price within seven calendar days) from, but not including, the date of the sale of the lot(s). Seoul Auction and a Buyer may, prior to the sale of the relevant lot, agree in writing for the Purchase Price of such lot to be paid in instalments. 10.3 Unless otherwise agreed in writing between the Buyer and Seoul Auction: (i) the Buyer shall be personally liable to pay to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) in accordance with these Auction Terms and the Important Notices the Purchase Price and/or any Buyerโ€™s Expenses payable by the Buyer in respect of any lot; and (ii) Seoul Auction will not accept any payment due to it (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) from any other party other than the relevant Buyer. 10.4 If, in respect of any lot, Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) does not receive the full amounts payable by the Buyer under this Clause 10 within seven calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot, Seoul Auction may, in its sole and absolute discretion, and unless agreed in writing between the Buyer and Seoul Auction: 10.4.1 c ancel the sale of such lot and charge the Buyer the Buyer Withdrawal Fee which shall be due and payable by the Buyer on demand; 10.4.2 p ut up for resale such lot in another Auction; 10.4.3 d isclose any personal information on the Buyer to the relevant Consignor to the extent necessary for that Consignor to claim against the Buyer; and/or 10.4.4 t ake such other action as Seoul Auction deems necessary or appropriate, without prejudice to any other rights or remedies available to Seoul Auction by law. 10.5 The Buyer may cancel his/her purchase of any lot by: 10.5.1 giving written notice of cancellation to Seoul Auction; and 10.5.2 p aying to Seoul Auction the Buyer Withdrawal Fee, within seven calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot. The sale will be cancelled immediately upon receipt by Seoul Auction of such written notice and the Buyer Withdrawal Fee. 10.6 Unless otherwise agreed in writing between Seoul Auction and the Buyer, Seoul Auction will only release the lot(s) purchased by the Buyer to the Buyer or its authorised representative in accordance with this Clause 10.6. The Buyer shall collect, or procure the collection of, the lot(s) purchased by him/her at his/her risk and expense within seven calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of the lot(s), provided however, that Seoul Auction shall not be obliged to release any lot: 10.6.1 u ntil full payment of all amounts payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) pursuant to this Clause 10 is duly received by Seoul; and 10.6.2 w ithout being provided with proof of identity of the collector and (in the case of an authorised representative) proof of authorisation, satisfactory to Seoul Auction. 10.7 If agreed in writing between the Buyer and Seoul Auction, Seoul Auction will arrange packaging, delivery and transit insurance of the lot(s) purchased by the Buyer at the Buyerโ€™s expense and risk. Seoul Auction shall not be responsible for any damage to, or the loss of, such lot during packaging and/or the transit period of such lot, howsoever caused. 10.8 Seoul Auction will keep the lot(s) sold in an Auction at a designated logistic companyโ€™s warehouse at no charge exception to logistic handling charges and fee until the expiry of seven calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot(s), after which the

lot(s) will be stored at Seoul Auctionโ€™s warehouse at the Buyerโ€™s risk. If the Buyer fails to collect any lot within such time period regardless of whether such failure is caused by Seoul Auctionโ€™s refusal to release such lot due to not having received from the Buyer the full amounts due from the Buyer to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) in respect of such lot or not having received proof of identity and/or authorisation pursuant to Clause 10.6, the Buyer shall pay to Seoul Auction a daily storage charge of HKD50 per lot. 10.9 If any lot is not collected by the Buyer or its authorised representative within 21 calendar days from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot for whatever reason, Seoul Auction shall not be liable for any damage to, or the loss of, such lot(s), howsoever caused. 11 Export and/or import licences The Buyer shall be responsible for obtaining any relevant export/import licences and/or permits (the โ€œLicencesโ€) required for the export/import of the purchased lot(s). Seoul Auction may, at the written request of the Buyer, introduce to Buyer a shipper to assist in obtaining the necessary Licences at the Buyerโ€™s expense and risk. Seoul Auction does not accept any responsibility whatsoever in respect of such introduction. Denial of the Licences and/or delay in obtaining the Licences in respect of any lot shall not be a ground for the Buyer to cancel the sale of such lot or refuse or delay payment of the full amounts payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor) pursuant to Clause 10. 12 Sale after the Auction 12.1 If any lot (an โ€œAfter Sale Lotโ€) is not sold in an Auction because no bid matched or exceeded the Reserve Price at such Auction, Seoul Auction may, during the period commencing after the end date of the relevant Auction Period and ending 7 Business Days after the end date of such Auction Period: 12.1.1 receive bids in writing for such After Sale Lot subject to the relevant Reserve Price; and 12.1.2 accept the highest bid placed in accordance with this Clause 12, provided however, that Seoul Auction shall not be obliged to accept any bid if it deems, in its sole and absolute discretion, that the relevant Bidder has not provided all documents as may be required by Seoul Auction pursuant to Clause 12.2 to its satisfaction. 12.2 A Bidder shall, when placing bids for any After Sale Lot, send to Seoul Auction any supplementary document as may be requested by Seoul Action in written notice from time to time within the time specified by Seoul Auction in such notice. 12.3 The sale of any After Sale Lot shall occur on the date of the invoice from Seoul Auction to the Bidder notifying Seoul Auctionโ€™s acceptance of his/her bid. The invoice will list the lot(s) purchased by the Buyer, the Hammer Price, the Buyerโ€™s Premium and/or any Buyerโ€™s Expenses, due from the Buyer to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor). 12.4 Clauses 1, 2, 3, 6, 7.2, 7.3, 7.6 to 7.9, 7.11, 7.12, 8, 9, 10.2 to 10.9, 11, 13 to 19 of these Auction Terms and the relevant provisions in the Important Notices shall apply in respect of the sale of any After Sale Lot in accordance with this Clause 12 as applicable and with the necessary amendments. 13 No representations, warranties and liabilities 13.1 A Bidder agrees and acknowledges that all statements in respect of any lot including, but not limited to, statements on authorship, title, medium and/or size, contained in any Auction Catalogue and/or elsewhere in writing or made orally by any of Seoul Auction, its directors, officers, employees and/or agents and/or the Seller at any time, are statements of opinion and not statements of fact. So far as is permitted by law and except as otherwise expressly provided in this Clause 13, Clause 14 and/or Clause 15, all representations, warranties, conditions, guarantees and stipulations, express or implied, statutory, customary or otherwise in respect of any lot are and shall be expressly excluded (including, but without limitation, warranties, conditions as to title, rights to dispose, quiet possession, freedom from encumbrances, merchantable or satisfactory quality, fitness for purpose, description, size, quality, attribution, authenticity, medium, provenance or whether such lot is subject to copyright and/or whether the Buyer acquires copyright in such lot). 13.2 So far as is permitted by law, the lots shall be sold on an โ€œas isโ€ basis as at the time of sale of the lots (whether or not the Buyers are in attendance in person at the Auction). Descriptions in the Auction Catalogues may on occasion make reference to particular defects or deficiencies of a lot but the absence of any such description in respect of any lot shall not mean that such lot is without defects or deficiencies. The Bidder shall be responsible for conducting his/her own research and satisfying himself/herself of the condition of the lots, including, but not limited to, damage and/or restoration of the lots and in respect of any entries provided in the Auction Catalogue or elsewhere. Seoul Auction will only accept a bid from a Bidder in respect of a lot on the assumption that the Bidder has satisfied himself/herself of the condition of such lot and in respect of any entries provided in the Auction Catalogue or elsewhere. 13.3 So far as is permitted by law and except as otherwise expressly provided in these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices, neither Seoul Auction nor the Seller shall be liable to any Bidder or Buyer for: 13.3.1 errors or omissions in information, whether oral or written, provided by any of Seoul Auction, its directors, officers, employees and/or agents and/or the Seller, howsoever caused; 13.3.2 acts or omissions by any of Seoul Auction, its directors, officers, employees and/or agents and/or the Seller in relation to the conduct of any Auction and/or for any matter relating to the sale of any lot, howsoever caused. 14 Limited Warranty 14.1 In respect of any lot, Seoul Auction warrants that the headline printed in BOLD BLACK in respect of such lot on the first line in the Auction Catalogue (the โ€œHeadlineโ€) (as may be amended by any sale room notice displayed in the auction hall during the relevant Auction Period) is true and accurate as at the date of the sale of such lot (the โ€œLimited Warrantyโ€). 14.2 Seoul Auction shall not be liable for breach of the Limited Warranty in respect of any lot unless a Claim Letter (defined below) in respect of such lot is given by the Buyer to Seoul Auction in accordance with this Clause 14 before the expiry of three years from, but not including, the date of the sale of such lot (the โ€œWarranty Periodโ€). 14.3 Subject to Clause 14.2, any Buyer wishing to claim under the Limited Warranty in respect of any lot shall (i) send to Seoul Auction a letter (the โ€œClaim Letterโ€) stipulating the date of the sale of such lot, the lot number and the grounds for his/her claim under the Limited Warranty within three months from, but not including, the date on which he/she became aware of a possible/actual breach of the Limited Warranty; and (ii) return to Seoul Auction the relevant lot in the same condition as at the time of the sale of such lot. 14.4 In the event that there is a dispute between the Buyer and Seoul Auction in respect of the grounds of the Buyerโ€™s claim under the Limited Warranty, Seoul Auction may require the

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Buyer to obtain, at the Buyerโ€™s expense, written opinions of two experts in the field mutually acceptable to Seoul Auction and the Buyer. Seoul Auction shall not be bound by such written opinions provided by the Buyer and may seek additional advice from other experts in the field at its own cost. 14.5 The Buyer shall not be entitled to claim under the Limited Warranty in respect of any lot if: 14.5.1 the relevant Headline corresponded to the generally accepted opinion of scholars or experts at the time of the sale of such lot; 14.5.2 the catalogue description or sale room notice indicated that there were possibilities of dissenting opinion(s) from scholar(s) or a group of experts on the relevant Headline; or 14.5.3 the breach of the Limited Warranty can be proved only by means of either a scientific process not generally accepted for use until after publication of the relevant Auction Catalogue or a process which at the date of publication of the relevant Auction Catalogue was unreasonably expensive or impractical or likely to have caused damage to the lot. 14.6 In the case of a breach of the Limited Warranty in respect of a lot, Seoul Auction shall cancel the sale of such lot and refund to the Buyer the Purchase Price paid by the Buyer in relation to the lot. 14.7 In the event of a breach of the Limited Warranty in respect of a lot, the Buyerโ€™s sole and exclusive remedy against Seoul Auction and/or the Seller shall be the cancellation of the sale and refund of the Purchase Price paid by the Buyer for such lot. Neither Seoul Auction nor the Seller shall be liable for any special, indirect, consequential loss including, but not limited to, loss of profits or loss of interest. For the avoidance of doubt, Seoul Auction shall not be liable to pay any interest or indemnify any loss incurred as a result of any foreign exchange rate fluctuation or otherwise. 14.8 The Buyer shall not assign or transfer the benefits of the Limited Warranty. Unless agreed in writing between Seoul Auction and the Buyer, only the Buyer of the relevant lot as shown on the invoice issued by Seoul Auction or his/her successor shall be eligible to claim under the Limited Warranty, provided that such Buyer or successor must have remained the owner of the lot without disposing of any interest in it to any third party. 15 Limited Liability 15.1 Without prejudice to Clauses 13 and/or 14 above, a Bidderโ€™s or Buyerโ€™s sole and exclusive remedy to any claim made by it against Seoul Auction and/or the Seller arising out of, or in connections with these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices in respect of any lot shall be damages up to the Purchase Price of such lot. Neither Seoul Auction nor the Seller shall be liable for any special, indirect, consequential loss including, but not limited to, loss of profits or loss of interest. For the avoidance of doubt, Seoul Auction shall not be liable to pay any interest or indemnify any loss incurred as a result of any foreign exchange rate fluctuation or otherwise. 15.2 Nothing under these Auction Terms shall exclude or limit Seoul Auctionโ€™s liability in respect of any fraud, death or personal injury arising out of, or in connection with, any action or inaction by any of Seoul Auction, its officers, employees and/or agents in relation to the conduct of any Auction and/or sale of lots. 16 Amendment to these Auction Terms and the Auction Catalogue 16.1 Seoul Auction may, at any time, and in its sole and absolute discretion, amend the provisions of these Auction Terms and any such amendments shall be posted on the first page of Seoul Auctionโ€™s website for a period commencing seven calendar days prior to, and ending one calendar day prior to, the effective date of such amendments. 16.2 Seoul Auction may, at any time, and in its sole and absolute discretion, amend any information in an Auction Catalogue including, but not limited to, the Important Notices and any such amendments shall be posted in a sale room notice during the relevant Auction Period. 17 Data Protection 17.1 Prospective Bidders, Bidders and/or Buyers may be required to supply personal data in connection with placing bids for, and purchasing of, lots an the Auction. All personal data may be used for the following purposes: (i) all matters connected to the management and operation of Seoul Auctionโ€™s business and the marketing and supply of Seoul Auctionโ€™s services; (ii) the transfer of such data to any place in and outside of Hong Kong; and/or (iii) any purpose relating to or in connection with compliance with any law, regulation, court order or order of a regulatory body. 17.2 All personal data will be kept confidential but, subject to the provision of any applicable law, may be disclosed to or used by any of the following companies or persons, whether in or outside of Hong Kong: (i) Seoul Auction and/or any of its branches, subsidiaries, holding company, associated companies or affiliates of, or companies controlled by, or under common control with, Seoul Auction (each an โ€œAffiliateโ€) (together the โ€œGroupโ€); (ii) any director, officer or employee of the Group, but only when carrying out the business of the Group; (iii) any agent, contractor, third party service provider or other person authorised by the Group to provide administrative, telecommunications, computer or insurance, shipping, or any other services to the Group in connection with the operation of its business; (iv) credit reference agencies and, in the event of default, debt collection agencies; (v) any other person under a duty of confidentiality to the Group; and/or (vi) any person to whom the Group is under an obligation to make disclosure under the requirements of any law, regulation, court order or order of a regulatory body. 17.3 In general, and subject to certain exemptions, prospective Bidders, Bidders and/or Buyers shall be entitled to: (i) request access to his/her personal data, which shall be provided within 40 days; (ii) request the correction of his/her personal data, which shall be made within 40 days; and/or (iii) be given reasons if a request for access or correction is refused or unable to be complied with within 40 days. 17.4 Any request for access to and/or correction of prospective Bidders, Bidders and/or Buyersโ€™ personal data, or for information regarding Seoul Auctionโ€™s data protection policies and practices and the kinds of personal data Seoul Auction hold, shall be sent to Seoul Auction in accordance with Clause 18.6. Seoul Auction will have the right to charge a reasonable fee for the processing of any data access request. 17.5 If a prospective Bidder, Bidder or Buyer is a corporate entity, Seoul Auction shall not use the personal data of such entityโ€™s data subjects for any purpose other than the purposes for which such entity notified its data subjects at the time of the collection of the data by such entity or a purpose directly related to that purpose (except where Seoul Auction has obtained the written consent of the data subject). The corporate prospective Bidder, Bidder or Buyer by signing the relevant registration form, confirms that (i) it has notified its data subjects that their personal data may be used for the purposes specified in Clause 17.1; and (ii) it agrees to

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indemnify Seoul Auction in relation to any loss or damage suffered by Seoul Auction as a result of its failure to notify its data subjects as set out in (i) above. 18 Miscellaneous 18.1 In the case of any failure by the Buyer to pay to Seoul Auction any amount due to it (for itself or on behalf of the Consignor) by the relevant due date, an interest of up to 2% per month (as determined from time to time by Seoul Auction in its sole and absolute discretion) shall accrue to the default amount on a daily basis from, but excluding, the date such payment is due to, and including, the date of actual payment of the default amount and any interest accrued. 18.2 Any and all payments due under these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices shall be payable in Hong Kong Dollars. If the Buyer and Seoul Auction agrees in writing for the Buyer to pay any amount due to Seoul Auction (for itself and/or on behalf of the Consignor), or for Seoul Auction to pay any amount due to it, in any currency other than Hong Kong Dollars, the Buyer shall be liable to pay any currency costs including, but not limited to, bank commissions and/or charges incurred by Seoul Auction in converting the Hong Kong Dollar amounts into such other currency. Any currency conversion shall be made using the rate for Hong Kong Dollars quoted to Seoul Auction by The Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited on the date of payment and Seoul Auctionโ€™s certificate as to such rate will be conclusive. For the avoidance of doubt, Seoul Auction shall not be liable to indemnify any loss incurred as a result of any foreign exchange rate fluctuation or otherwise. 18.3 Any and all payments under these Auction Terms and/or Important Notices shall be made in cash or equivalent, including electronic remittance, cashier cheques and/or bank money orders in good cleared funds and in accordance with the these Auction Terms and the Important Notices. In respect of any payment under these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices, if the payment due date is not a Business Day, then the immediately following Business Day will be deemed to be the payment due date. 18.4 All sums payable by the Buyer to Seoul Auction are exclusive of any goods or service tax or other value added tax (whether imposed in Hong Kong or otherwise). The Buyer shall be responsible for paying such tax at the rate and time as required by the relevant law. 18.5 If any part of these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices is found by any court to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that part may be discounted and the rest of these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices shall continue to be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. 18.6 All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications to Seoul Auction under these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices shall be in English and in writing and shall be given or made (and shall be deemed to have been duly given or made upon receipt) by delivery in person, by overnight courier service, by facsimile with receipt confirmed (followed by delivery of an original via overnight courier service), by email with receipt confirmed by a reply email from Seoul Auction (followed by delivery of an original via overnight courier service) or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to Seoul Auction at the following address: Seoul Auction Hong Kong Limited 1515-1516 Princeโ€™s Building 10 Chater Road Central, Hong Kong Tel (852) 2537 1880 Fax (852) 2537 2810 Email: info@seoulauction.com.hk Notices to Bidders and Buyers shall be addressed to the address specified by them in the relevant registration form. 18.7 Time shall be of the essence of these Auction Terms and the Important Notices both as regards any dates, times and periods mentioned and as regards any dates, times and periods which may be substituted for them in accordance with these Auction Terms or by agreement in writing between the parties. 18.8 No waiver by or on behalf of Seoul Auction of any requirement of or any rights under these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices shall release any other party(ies) from the full performance of its/their remaining obligations under these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices. No single or partial exercise of or failure or delay in exercising, on the part of Seoul Auction, any right, power or remedy under these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices or the granting of time by Seoul Auction shall prejudice, affect or restrict the rights, powers and remedies of Seoul Auction under these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices, nor shall any waiver by Seoul Auction of any breach of these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices operate as a waiver of or in relation to any subsequent or any continuing breach of these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices. 18.9 These Auction Terms and the Important Notices as amended from time to time in accordance with these Auction Terms set out the entire agreement and understanding between the parties relating to the subject matter hereof to the exclusion of any terms implied by law which may be excluded by contract and supersedes any previous written or oral agreement between the parties in relation to the matters dealt with in these Auction Terms and the Important Notices as amended from time to time in accordance with these Auction Terms (except in respect of the rights and obligations of the Consignor and Seoul Auction against each other in relation to the consignment of lots by the Consignor to Seoul Auction which shall be regulated by the relevant consignment agreement). It is agreed that no party has been induced to enter into these Auction Terms and the Important Notices by any representation, warranty or undertaking not expressly incorporated it. 18.10 In the case of any ambiguity or discrepancy between the English, Chinese and/or Korean version of these Auction Terms, the English version shall prevail. 19 Jurisdiction and governing law These Auction Terms shall be governed by the laws of Hong Kong. The courts of Hong Kong shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any disputes which may arise out of or in connection with these Auction Terms and/or the Important Notices and the parties to these Auction Terms (except Seoul Auction) irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of such courts and waive any objection to proceedings in any such court on the ground of venue or on the ground that proceedings have been brought in an inconvenient forum. Seoul Auction shall have the right to bring proceedings in any court other than the Hong Kong courts. All Bidders and Buyers irrevocably consent to the service of process or any other documents in connection with proceedings in any court by facsimile transmission, personal service, delivery by mail or in any other manner permitted by Hong Kong law, at the law of the place of service or the law of jurisdiction where proceedings are instituted, at the last address of the Bidders or the Buyers known to Seoul Auction or any other usual address.

ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ

ไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆไพ›็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“้ ไผฐๅƒนๅƒ…ไพ›ๅƒ่€ƒ๏ผŒไธๆ‡‰ไฝœ็‚บ่ฉฒๆ‹ ่ณฃๅ“ๅƒนๅ€ผๆˆ–ๅ…ถๆˆไบคๅƒน็š„ๆŒ‡็คบใ€‚ไปปไฝ•่ขซๅ…ฌ้–‹ๅผ•็”จ็š„้ ไผฐๅƒน๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆฆ‚ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌใ€‚

6.2 ้™ค้žๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธญๅฆๆœ‰ๆ˜Ž็ขบ่ฆๅฎš๏ผŒไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธญๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅœฐๆ–นๆจ™็คบ ็š„็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃๅŠ้Ÿ“ๅœœ้ ไผฐๅƒนๅƒ…ไพ›ๅƒ่€ƒ๏ผŒๆ‰€ๆœ‰็ซถๆŠ•ๅŠไป˜ๆฌพๅ‡้ ˆไปฅๆธฏๅนฃไฝœๅ‡บใ€‚ๅฐฑๆ‹่ณฃ ๅœ–้Œ„ๆไพ›็š„้ ไผฐๅƒน๏ผŒ็›ธ้—œ็š„้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๅฐ‡ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๅฐ‡็”จๆธฏๅนฃ่กจ็คบ็š„้ ไผฐๅƒนๅ…Œๆ›ๆˆ็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบ ๆฐ‘ๅนฃๅŠ้Ÿ“ๅœœๆ‰€ไฝฟ็”จ็š„ๅŒฏ็Ž‡ใ€‚่ฉฒๅŒฏ็Ž‡ๆ˜ฏๅœจๅฐ็™ผ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅ‰ๅฏฆ้š›ๅฏ่กŒ็š„ๆœ€ๅพŒไธ€ๅคฉๅ–

1 ็›ฎ็š„

ๅพ—็š„๏ผŒๅœจไน‹ๅพŒๅฏ่ƒฝ้šจๆ™‚ๆ”น่ฎŠใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธญๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅœฐๆ–นๆœ‰้—œไปปไฝ•็พŽ

1.1 ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅ’Œๆขไปถ(ๆœฌโ€œๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพโ€)ๅŠ็›ธ้—œ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …(โ€œ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …โ€)ๅŒ…ๅซๆ–ผ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ– ้Œ„(ๅฎš็พฉๆ–ผไธ‹)ๅ…ง๏ผŒๆถต่“‹ไบ†ไธ‹ๅˆ—ไบ‹้ …็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆขๆฌพๅ’Œๆขไปถ:

ๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃๆˆ–้Ÿ“ๅœœ้‡‘้กๆ‡‰ๅฏไปฅๆˆ–ๅฏ่ƒฝๅฏไปฅ็”จๆŸๆŒ‡ๅ็š„ๅŒฏ็Ž‡๏ผŒๆŸ็‰นๅฎšๅŒฏ็Ž‡ๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•ๅŒฏ็Ž‡

1.1.1 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ้ฆ™ๆธฏๆœ‰้™ๅ…ฌๅธ(โ€œ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃโ€)้€ฒ่กŒๆ‹่ณฃ (ๅฎš็พฉๆ–ผไธ‹);

ๅ…Œๆ›ๆˆๆธฏๅนฃ(ๅไน‹ไบฆ็„ถ)็ญ‰ไธๅšไปปไฝ•้™ณ่ฟฐใ€‚็”จๆธฏๅนฃ่กจ็คบ็š„้ ไผฐๅƒนๅœจ่ฝ‰ๆ›่‡ณ็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘

1.1.2 ๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…็š„่จปๅ†ŠๅŠ/ๆˆ–็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒ ็ซถๆŠ•ไบบ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒๅŠๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠ็ซถ

ๅนฃๅŠ้Ÿ“ๅœœ็š„่ฝ‰ๆ›ไธญๅ‡บ็พๆˆ–่ˆ‡ๆญคๆœ‰้—œ็š„ไปปไฝ•้Œฏ่ชคๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–่ฉฒ้Œฏ่ชคๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝๆ˜ฏๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€  ๆˆ็š„๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆฆ‚ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌใ€‚

ๆŠ•๏ผ›ไปฅๅŠ

1.1.3 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅŠ่ณฃๅฎถ่ˆ‡่ฒทๅฎถๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ไบŽ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ้”ๆˆ็š„ๅˆ็ด„ใ€‚ 7 ๆ‹่ณฃ่กŒ็ˆฒๅŠๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅฎŒๆˆๅ‡บๅ”ฎ

2 ๅฎš็พฉ

2.1

โ€œๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ(Auction)โ€ๆŒ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไธๆ™‚ๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …่ˆ‰่กŒ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒใ€‚

2.2 โ€œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„(Auction Catalogue)โ€ๅฐฑๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅ‡บ็‰ˆ็š„ๅซๆœ‰้ ๅฎš

7.1 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡ๅœจๅ…ถ็ถฒ็ซ™ๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธŠๅ…ฌไฝˆๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ้ ๅฎš็š„ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๆŒ็บŒ ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠๅœฐ้ปžใ€‚ไฝ†ๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠๆฑบๅฎšๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ้ ๅฎš่ตทๅง‹ๆ—ฅๅ‰ๅ–ๆถˆๅŽŸๅฎšๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๆˆ– ๆ›ดๆ”นๅŽŸๅฎšๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ็š„ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๆŒ็บŒๆœŸ้–“ๅŠ/ๅœฐ้ปž๏ผŒ็„ก้ ˆไบ‹ๅ…ˆ้€š็Ÿฅใ€‚

ๆ–ผ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธญๅ‡บๅ”ฎ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่ชชๆ˜ŽๅŠ่ณ‡ๆ–™็š„ๅœ–้Œ„ใ€‚

7.2 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅŠๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๅ‡ๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎšๆ‹’็ต•ไปปไฝ•ไบบไป•้€ฒๅ…ฅๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ๏ผŒไธฆ/ๆˆ–ๆ‹’็ต•ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ

7.3 ๆฏไธ€้ …ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆ‡‰ๅœจๅ…ถๅบ•ๅƒน็š„้™ๅˆถไธ‹ๅ‡บๅ”ฎ๏ผŒไธ”ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ไธๆ‡‰ๆŽฅๅ—ไฝŽๆ–ผ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅบ•ๅƒน็š„ไปป

2.3 โ€œๆ‹่ณฃๆ—ฅ(Auction Date)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅœจไธ€ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธญ้ ๅฎšๅ‡บๅ”ฎ

2.4

2.5 โ€œ็ซถๆŠ•่€…(Bidder)โ€ๅฐฑๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡ๅทฒๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็™ป่จ˜ๅŠ/ๆˆ–็”ณ่ซ‹ๅœจ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ

ไฝ•็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๆ‡‰ๅฐๅบ•ๅƒนไฟๅฏ†ใ€‚่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅบ•ๅƒนไธๅฏไฝŽๆ–ผๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆ—ฅ็•ถๅคฉ็š„่ผƒไฝŽ้ ไผฐๅƒนใ€‚

็ซถๆŠ•็š„ไปปไฝ•ไบบไป•๏ผŒๅ’Œ(่‹ฅ้ฉ็”จ็š„่ฉฑ)ๅทฒๆ นๆ“šๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๆ”ถๅˆฐ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐฑๅ…ถ็™ป

ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๅœจๅบ•ๅƒนไน‹ไธ‹ๅฏไปฅ็นผ็บŒ็ซถๆŠ•ๆˆ–ๅ›žๆ‡‰่ฆช่‡ชใ€ๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑ(่ฆ–ๆƒ…ๆณ่€Œๅฎš) ็ซถๆŠ•็š„ๆ–นๅผ

่จ˜ๅŠ/ๆˆ–็”ณ่ซ‹็š„ๆ›ธ้ข็ขบ่ชไฟก็š„ไบบไป•ใ€‚

ไปฃ่กจ่ณฃๅฎถ้€ฒ่กŒ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎšไปฅไฝŽๆ–ผๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅบ•ๅƒน็š„ๅƒนๆ ผ

โ€œ็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅ(Business Day)โ€ๆŒ‡้™คไบ†ๆ˜ŸๆœŸๅ…ญใ€ๆ˜ŸๆœŸๆ—ฅๅŠ้ฆ™ๆธฏๅ…ฌ็œพๅ‡ๆœŸไปฅๅค–็š„ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅใ€‚

ๅฑ•้–‹็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚็„ถ่€Œๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ไธๅฏไปฅๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ไปฃ่กจ่ณฃๅฎถๅ‡บๅŒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅบ•ๅƒน็›ธ็ญ‰ๆˆ–้ซ˜ๆ–ผๆ‹

ไธญ็š„ไปปไฝ•็ซถๆŠ•(็„ก่ซ–ๆ˜ฏไปฅ่ฆช่‡ชใ€ๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑๆ–นๅผ็ซถๆŠ•)ใ€‚

็š„ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€‚ โ€œๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ(Auction Period)โ€ๅฐฑๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡่ˆ‰่พฆ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ็š„ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€‚

2.6

2.7 โ€œ่ฒทๅฎถ(Buyer)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๆ นๆ“šๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅฎฃไฝˆ็‚บ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ ๆœ€้ซ˜ๅƒน็ซถๆŠ•่€…็š„็ซถๆŠ•ไบบไป•ใ€‚

่ณฃๅ“ๅบ•ๅƒน็š„ๅƒนๆ ผใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜็„ก็พฉๅ‹™ๆ˜Ž็ขบ็ขบ่ชไปฃ่กจ่ณฃๆ–นๅšๅ‡บ็š„็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚

7.4 ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅฏๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่ฆช่‡ชใ€ๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒไฝ†ๆ˜ฏๅฟ…้ ˆๅ—ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ … ็š„้™ๅˆถ๏ผŒไธฆ้ ˆๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …้€ฒ่กŒใ€‚้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•ๅฐ‡ๅฏ่ƒฝ่ขซ้Œ„้Ÿณ๏ผŒ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ไปฅ้›ป

2.8 โ€œ่ฒทๅฎถๆ’ค้Šท่ฒป(Buyer Withdrawal Fee)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡็›ธ็ญ‰ๆ–ผ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆˆ

่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•ๅณไปฃ่กจ่ฉฒ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅŒๆ„ๅ…ถๅฐ่ฉฑ่ขซ้Œ„้Ÿณใ€‚

ไบคๅƒน็š„30%็š„้‡‘้กใ€‚

2.9 โ€œ่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จ(Buyerโ€™ s Expenses)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡ไปปไฝ•็จ…ๆฌพใ€่ฒป็”จใ€ๆ”ถ่ฒปๆˆ–

7.5

ๅ—้™ๆ–ผ7.6ๅŠ7.7ๆข๏ผš

้–‹ๆ”ฏ๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃใ€ๅ…ถ่‘ฃไบ‹ใ€้ซ˜็ดš่ทๅ“กใ€ๅ“กๅทฅๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ็†็™ผ็”Ÿ็š„่ˆ‡ๆŒ‰ๆœฌ

7.5.1 ่‹ฅ่ฆช่‡ชๅƒ่ˆ‡็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๆ‡‰ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅซๅ–šๅพŒ่ˆ‰่ตท็ซถๆจ™็‰Œ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผ›

ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๅฐฑๅ‡บๅ”ฎ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ไปปไฝ•่ฒจๅนฃๅ…Œๆ›่ฒป็”จใ€

7.5.2 ่‹ฅไปฅๆ›ธ้ขๅฝขๅผ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๅฐ‡ๅœจ้–‹ๅง‹ๆ”ถๅˆฐ่ฆช่‡ชๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•ๅ‰ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅซ

7.5.3 ่‹ฅไปฅ้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅ“กๅทฅๅฐ‡ไปฃ่กจ่ฉฒ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚

ๅ–Š่ฉฒๆ›ธ้ข็ซถๆŠ•็š„ๅ‡บๅƒน๏ผ›ๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–

ๅ„ฒๅญ˜่ฒปใ€ๅŒ…่ฃ่ฒปใ€้žไบค่ฒปๅŠ่ฝ‰้‹ไฟ้šช่ฒปใ€‚

2.10 โ€œ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘(Buyerโ€™ s Premium)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡ๆ นๆ“šๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ่ฒท

2.11 โ€œ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ(Consignor)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅœจๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ่ตทๅง‹ๆ—ฅๅ‰็ฐฝ

ๅฎถๆ‡‰ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ฏไป˜่ˆ‡่ฒท่ณฃ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆœ‰้—œ็š„้…ฌ้‡‘ใ€‚

7.6 ๅฐฑๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡็›กๅˆ็†ๅŠชๅŠ›ๆŽฅๆ”ถไปปไฝ•ๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒไฝ†ๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ่‹ฅ้ฆ–็ˆพ ๆ‹่ณฃๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๆ”ถๅˆฐๆˆ–ๅปถ้ฒๆ”ถๅˆฐ่ฉฒ็ญ‰็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒๆˆ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆˆ–ๅ…ถ่‘ฃไบ‹ใ€้ซ˜็ดš่ทๅ“กใ€ๅ“กๅทฅๅŠ/ๆˆ– ไปฃ็†ๆœ‰ไปปไฝ•้Œฏ่ชคๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–่ฉฒ้Œฏ่ชคๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€ ๆˆ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆฆ‚ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌใ€‚

่จ‚่จ—ๅ”ฎๅ”่ญฐๅฐ‡่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅง”่จ—้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ–ผ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ‡บๅ”ฎ็š„ไบบไป•ใ€‚

2.12 โ€œ้ ไผฐๅƒน(Estimate Price)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎš็š„่ฉฒๆ‹

2.13 โ€œๆˆไบคๅƒน(Hammer Price)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡ๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๆ“ŠๆงŒไธฆๅ–Š

7.7 ๅฆ‚ๆžœๅฐฑๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ นๆ“šๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๆ”ถๅˆฐๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒ ๅ…ถๅฐ‡็›กๅˆ็†ๅŠชๅŠ›ๅšๅ‡บ่ฉฒ็ญ‰็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒไฝ†ๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ่‹ฅ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœช่ƒฝๅšๅ‡บๆˆ–ๅปถ้ฒๅšๅ‡บ่ฉฒ็ญ‰็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒ

่ณฃๅ“็š„้ ไผฐๅƒนๅ€ผใ€‚

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐฑ่‡ชๅทฑๆˆ–ๅ…ถ่‘ฃไบ‹ใ€้ซ˜็ดš่ทๅ“กใ€ๅ“กๅทฅๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ็†ๅœจๅšๅ‡บ่ฉฒ็ญ‰็ซถๆŠ•ๆ™‚็š„ไปปไฝ•้Œฏ ่ชคๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–่ฉฒ้Œฏ่ชคๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€ ๆˆ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆฆ‚ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌใ€‚

ๅ‡บๆœ€้ซ˜ๅƒน็ซถๆŠ•่€…็š„็ซถๆจ™็‰Œ่™Ÿ็ขผๆ™‚็ญ‰ๅŒ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆœ€้ซ˜็ซถๆŠ•ๅƒน็š„ๅ”ฎๅƒนใ€‚

2.14 โ€œ่ฒทๅ…ฅๅƒน(Purchase Price)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡็›ธ็ญ‰ๆ–ผ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆˆไบคๅƒนๅŠ่ฒท

2.15 โ€œๅบ•ๅƒน(Reserve Price)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๆŒ‡ๅœจ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บไน‹ๅ‰๏ผŒ็”ฑ่ณฃๅฎถ่ˆ‡้ฆ–

7.8 ๅฆ‚ๆžœๆŸ้ …ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆ›ธ้ขๅ’Œ่ฆช่‡ช็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒๆˆ–ๆ›ธ้ขๅ’Œ้›ป่ฉฑ็ซถๆŠ•็š„้‡‘้ก็›ธๅŒ๏ผŒๆ›ธ้ข็ซถๆŠ•็š„็ซถ ๆŠ•่€…ๅฐ‡่ขซๅฎฃๅธƒ็‚บ่ฒทๅฎถ๏ผŒไฝ†้ ˆๅ—ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ็š„้™ๅˆถ๏ผŒไธฆ้ ˆๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŸท่กŒใ€‚ๅฆ‚ๆžœๆŸ

ๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘็ธฝ้ก็š„้‡‘้กใ€‚

้ …ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆœ‰ๅ…ฉไปฝไธ€ๆจฃ็š„ๆ›ธ้ข็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒๆœ€ๅ…ˆ่ขซ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ถๅˆฐ็š„้‚ฃไปฝๆ›ธ้ข็ซถๆŠ•็š„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅฐ‡ ่ขซๅฎฃไฝˆ็‚บ่ฒทๅฎถ๏ผŒไฝ†้ ˆๅ—ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ็š„้™ๅˆถ๏ผŒไธฆ้ ˆๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŸท่กŒใ€‚

็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๅฆ‚่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบๆ˜ฏ่ณฃๅฎถ)ไปฅๆ›ธ้ขๅฝขๅผๅŒๆ„็š„ๆœ€ไฝŽๆˆไบคๅƒน๏ผŒๆˆ–่€…้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๅฆ‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ ๆ˜ฏ่ณฃๅฎถ), ่ฆ–ๆƒ…ๆณ่€Œๅฎš, ็”ฑ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅœจ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๅ‰ๆฑบๅฎš็š„ๆœ€ไฝŽๆˆไบคๅƒนใ€‚

7.9

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœ‰ไปฅไธ‹ๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฌŠ๏ผš

2.16 โ€œ่ณฃๅฎถ(Seller)โ€ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๅ”ฎ่ณฃๅˆ็ด„็š„ๅฐๆ–น๏ผŒๅฆ‚่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅœจ

(i) ๆฑบๅฎšๆ–ผๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„้ ่จˆๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆ™‚้–“ๅ‰็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ™‚ๅ€™ๆ’คๅ›ž่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“๏ผŒ็„ก้ ˆไบ‹ๅ…ˆ้€š็Ÿฅ๏ผ›

็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธŠ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็ทจ่™Ÿๆ—ๆœ‰ๆจ™่ญ˜โ–ณ็ฌฆ่™Ÿๅ”ฎ่ณฃๅˆ็ด„็š„ๅฐๆ–นๅ‰‡็‚บ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ๏ผŒๅฆ‚่ฉฒ

(ii) ๆฑบๅฎšๅฐ‡ๅ…ฉไปถๆˆ–ไปฅไธŠๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅˆไฝตๅ‡บๅ”ฎ๏ผŒ็„ก้ ˆไบ‹ๅ…ˆ้€š็Ÿฅ๏ผ›

ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅœจ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธŠ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็ทจ่™Ÿๆ—ๆฒ’ๆœ‰ไปฅไธŠๆจ™่ญ˜ๅ‰‡็‚บ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบใ€‚

(iii) ๅœจๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸๅ†…ๅฐ‡ไปปไฝ•ไน‹ๅ‰ๆ›พๆ‹่ณฃไฝ†ๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๅ‡บๅ”ฎ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ†ๆฌกๆ–ผ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸๅ†…ๆ‹่ณฃ๏ผŒ

(iv) ๅœจๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็ซถๆŠ•็š„ๆœ‰ๆ•ˆๆ€งๅ‡บ็พไปปไฝ•้Œฏ่ชคๆˆ–็ซถๆŠ•่€…้–“ๅฐฑ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็ซถๆŠ•็š„ๆœ‰ๆ•ˆๆ€งๆœ‰

็„ก้ ˆไบ‹ๅ…ˆ้€š็Ÿฅ๏ผ› 3 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไฝœ็‚บไปฃ็†ๆˆ–ไฝœ็‚บ่ณฃๅฎถ

็ˆญ่ญฐๆ™‚๏ผŒๆฑบๅฎš่ชฐๆ˜ฏ่ฒทๅฎถใ€ๆ˜ฏๅฆ็นผ็บŒ็ซถๆŠ•็จ‹ๅบใ€ๅ–ๆถˆๅ‡บๅ”ฎ่ฉฒ็ญ‰ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡ๆ–ฐๅ‡บ

้™ค้ž้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็‚บไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ณฃๅฎถ๏ผŒๅฆๅ‰‡๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠๅ‡บๅ”ฎ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆ™‚

ๅ”ฎ๏ผ›ๅŠ/ๆˆ–

็‚บ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ(ไฝœ็‚บ่ณฃๅฎถ)็š„ไปฃ็†ใ€‚ๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๅˆ็ด„ๆ‡‰็‚บ่ฒทๅฎถๅŠ่ณฃๅฎถ้›™ๆ–น่จ‚็ซ‹็š„ใ€‚

(v) ๅœจๅ…ถ่ช็‚บๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„็œŸๅฏฆๆ€งๆˆ–ๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆœ‰ๆ•ˆๆ€งๅทฒๅ‡บ็พๆˆ–ๅฏ่ƒฝๆœ‰็ˆญ่ญฐๆ™‚๏ผŒ ๆฑบๅฎšๆ‹’็ต•ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠๅ‡บๅ”ฎ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“๏ผŒไธญๆญข็ซถๆŠ•็จ‹ๅบๆˆ–ๅ–ๆถˆๅ‡บๅ”ฎ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€‚

4 ้ ่ฆฝๆœƒ

4.1 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ่ˆ‰่พฆ้ ่ฆฝๆœƒ๏ผŒๅ…่ฒป้–‹ๆ”พ็ตฆๅ…ฌ็œพๅƒ่ง€้ ๅฎšๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠๅ‡บๅ”ฎ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“๏ผŒไฝ†ๆข

ๅฆ‚ๆžœๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„็ซถๆŠ•็จ‹ๅบๆˆ–ๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆ นๆ“šๆœฌ7.9ๆข่ขซไธญๆญขๆˆ–ๅ–ๆถˆ๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅŠ/ๆˆ–

ไปถๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒๅœจไปปไฝ•ไบบไป•้€ฒๅ…ฅไปปไฝ•้ ่ฆฝๆœƒๅ‰๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎš่ฆๆฑ‚่ฉฒไบบไป•ๅ‡บ็คบไปค

่ณฃๅฎถ(่ฆ–ๆƒ…ๆณ่€Œๅฎš)็š„ๅ”ฏไธ€(ไธ”ๆŽ’้™คๅ…ถไป–ๆ–นๅผ)็š„่ฃœๆ•‘ๆ–นๅผ็‚บ้€€้‚„่ฒทๅฎถ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ฒทๅ…ฅ

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆปฟๆ„็š„่บซๅˆ†่ญ‰ๆ˜ŽๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๆ‹’็ต•ไปปไฝ•ไบบไป•้€ฒๅ…ฅไปปไฝ•้ ่ฆฝๆœƒใ€‚

ๅƒน(ๅฆ‚ๅทฒไป˜ๅ‡บ)ใ€‚็„ก่ซ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถๅ‡ไธๅฐไปปไฝ•็‰นๆฎŠใ€้–“ๆŽฅๆˆ–ๅพŒๆžœๆ€ง็š„ๆๅคฑ่ฒ ่ฒฌ๏ผŒ

4.2 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅœจๅ…ถ็ถฒ็ซ™ๅŠ/ๆˆ–็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธŠๅ…ฌไฝˆ้ ่ฆฝๆœƒ็š„ๅœฐ้ปžใ€ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠๆŒ็บŒ

ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผ็ฒๅˆฉๆˆ–ๅˆฉๆฏๆๅคฑใ€‚็‚บ้ฟๅ…็–‘ๅ•๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็„ก็พฉๅ‹™ๆ”ฏไป˜ไปปไฝ•ๅ› ๅค–ๅŒฏๆณขๅ‹•

ๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎšๅ–ๆถˆๆˆ–ๆ›ดๆ”น้ ่ฆฝๆœƒ็š„ๅœฐ้ปžใ€ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅ…ถๆŒ

ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅŽŸๅ› ่€Œๅผ•่ตท็š„ๅˆฉๆฏ๏ผŒไนŸ็„ก็พฉๅ‹™่ณ ๅ„Ÿๅ› ๅค–ๅŒฏๆณขๅ‹•ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅŽŸๅ› ่€Œๅผ•่ตท็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ ๅคฑใ€‚

็บŒๆ™‚้–“๏ผŒ็„ก้ ˆไบ‹ๅ…ˆ้€š็Ÿฅใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠๆฑบๅฎšไธๅœจ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠๆˆ–ไธๅœจไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ ไธŠๅ‡บๅ”ฎ้ ่ฆฝๆœƒไธญๅฑ•่ฆฝ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€‚

7.10 ๅœจไธๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ7.2ๆขๆฌพ็š„ๆƒ…ๆณไธ‹๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๅ’Œ่ณฃๅฎถไน‹้–“็š„ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๅ”ฎ่ณฃๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๅฎ˜ๆŽฅๅ— ๆœ€้ซ˜็š„็ซถๆŠ•ๆ™‚ๆ“ŠๆงŒไธฆๅ–Šๅ‡บๆœ€้ซ˜ๅ‡บๅƒน็š„่ฉฒ็ซถๆŠ•่€…็š„็ซถๆจ™็‰Œ่™Ÿ็ขผๆ™‚ๅณๆ™‚็”ข็”Ÿใ€‚ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๅ“

5 ็ซถๆŠ•่€…็™ป่จ˜

ๅ”ฎๅ‡บ็•ถๆ—ฅ๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰็ฐฝ็ฝฒไธ€ไปฝๆˆๅŠŸ็ซถๆŠ•็ขบ่ชไฟก๏ผŒ็ขบ่ชๅ…ถ่ฒทๅ…ฅ่ฉฒ้ …ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“(็•ถ่ฒทๅฎถๅœจๆ‹

้™ค้ž่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅœจ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ่ตทๅง‹ๆ—ฅๅ‰ๆœ‰ๆ›ธ้ขๅ”ๅฎš๏ผŒๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…(ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ้ฆ–ๆฌกๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…)ๆ‡‰

่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ่ฆช่‡ช็ซถๆŠ•ไธฆๆ–ผๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๆ™‚ๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅ†…)ๆˆ–ๅœจๅฏฆ้š›ๅฏ่กŒ็ฏ„ๅœ็š„ๅ„˜ๆ—ฉๆ™‚้–“(็•ถ ่ฒทๅฎถๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ฆช่‡ช็ซถๆŠ•ๆˆ–ๆ–ผๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๆ™‚ไธๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅ†…)ใ€‚

ๆ นๆ“š้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …็š„่ฆๅฎš๏ผŒๅกซๅฆฅ็™ป่จ˜่กจๆ ผไธฆๅฐ‡่ฉฒๅกซๅฆฅ็š„็™ป่จ˜่กจๆ ผ้€ฃๅŒ่ฉฒ็™ป่จ˜่กจไธญ่ฆๅฎš็š„ๅŠ/ๆˆ– ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่ฆๆฑ‚็š„ไปปไฝ•่ฃœๅ……่ณ‡ๆ–™ไบคๅ›ž้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ๏ผŒไปฅ็™ป่จ˜ๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็”ณ่ซ‹ๅƒ่ˆ‡็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚ๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…็š„

7.11 ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็›ธ้—œ็š„้ขจ้šชๅŠ่ฒฌไปปๅฐ‡ๆ–ผไธ‹ๅˆ—(i)่ˆ‡(ii)้–“่ผƒๆ—ฉ็™ผ็”Ÿ็š„ๆ—ฅๆœŸ่ฝ‰ๅˆฐ่ฒทๅฎถ: (i)ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎ

็™ป่จ˜ๅŠๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠไปฅๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–้›ป่ฉฑๅฝขๅผ็ซถๆŠ•็š„็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ‡‰ๆŒ‰็›ธ้—œ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …่จปๆ˜Ž็š„ๆ–นๅผ้€ฒ่กŒใ€‚้ฆ–

ๅ‡บๅพŒ7ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅ็š„ๆœŸ้–“ๆœŸๆปฟ๏ผŒๅŠ(ii)่ฒทๅฎถ้ ˜ๅ–ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็•ถๅคฉใ€‚็„ถ่€Œๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌŠๅชๆœ‰

็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡็›กๅˆ็†ๅŠชๅŠ›่™•็†ไปปไฝ•็ซถๆŠ•็š„็™ป่จ˜ๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็”ณ่ซ‹๏ผŒไฝ†ๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ่‹ฅ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœช่ƒฝ่™•็†ๆˆ–ๅปถ้ฒ

ๅœจ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆธ…ๆฅšๆ”ถๅˆฐ่ฒทๅฎถๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธ‹็š„ๆ‡‰ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ/ๆˆ– ไปฃ่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ๏ผŒ่ฆ–ๆƒ…ๆณ่€Œๅฎš)ๆ”ฏไป˜็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌพ้ …ๅพŒๆ‰่ฝ‰็ตฆ่ฒทๅฎถใ€‚

่™•็†่ฉฒ็ญ‰็™ป่จ˜ๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็”ณ่ซ‹๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐฑ่‡ชๅทฑๆˆ–ๅ…ถ่‘ฃไบ‹ใ€้ซ˜็ดš่ทๅ“กใ€ๅ“กๅทฅๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ็†ๅœจ่™•็†่ฉฒ ็ญ‰็™ป่จ˜ๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ™‚็š„ไปปไฝ•้Œฏ่ชคๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–่ฉฒ้Œฏ่ชคๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€ ๆˆ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆฆ‚ ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌใ€‚

7.12 ้™คๅœจๆœฌ7.3ๆขๆฌพๆ˜Ž็ขบ่ฆๅฎš็š„ๆƒ…ๆณไธ‹๏ผŒ่ณฃๅฎถไธๅฏ็›ดๆŽฅๆˆ–้–“ๆŽฅๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠๅฐๅ…ถๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็ซถ ๆŠ•ใ€‚

6 ้ ไผฐๅƒน

8 ้Šทๅ”ฎๆๆ–™

6.1 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅœจ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ใ€ๅปฃๅ‘Šๅ’Œๅ…ถไป–ๅ‡บ็‰ˆ็‰ฉไธŠๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ๆ–ผ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸๅ†…ๆไพ›ๆฏไธ€

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅ‡บ็‰ˆ็š„ๆˆ–็‚บ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅ‡บ็‰ˆ็š„ๆœ‰้—œไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๅฝฑๅƒใ€ๅœ–่งฃๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๆ›ธ้ขๆๆ–™็š„

้ …ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่ผƒไฝŽ้ ไผฐๅƒนๅŠ่ผƒ้ซ˜้ ไผฐๅƒน็š„ๆธฏๅนฃใ€็พŽๅ…ƒใ€ไบบๆฐ‘ๅนฃๅŠ้Ÿ“ๅœœ้‡‘้กใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏ

็‰ˆๆฌŠ๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„็š„ๅ…งๅฎน๏ผŒๅฑฌ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„่ฒก็”ข๏ผŒไธ”ไปปไฝ•ๆ™‚ๅ€™ๅ‡ๆ‡‰็‚บ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„่ฒก

ๅœจๅ‡บๅ”ฎไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ‰็›ด่‡ณไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆ™‚็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“๏ผŒๅ…จๆฌŠๆฑบๅฎš่ฎŠๆ›ด่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„

็”ข๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•ไบบไป•ๅœจไปปไฝ•ๆ™‚ๅ€™ๅ‡ไธๅฏๅœจๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๅ–ๅพ—้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ไบ‹ๅ…ˆๆ›ธ้ขๅŒๆ„ๅ‰ไฝฟ็”จใ€‚็„ก

้ ไผฐๅƒน๏ผŒ็„ก้ ˆไบ‹ๅ…ˆ้€š็Ÿฅใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„้ ไผฐๅƒนไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘ๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰

่ซ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถๅ‡ไธๅฐๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ‡ๅ–ๅพ—่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ไปปไฝ•็‰ˆๆฌŠๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–้‡ๆ–ฐๅ‡บ็‰ˆๆฌŠไฝœ

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ๅ‡บไปปไฝ•้™ณ่ฟฐๆˆ–ไฟ่ญ‰ใ€‚

11 ๅ‡บๅฃๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅ‡บๅฃ่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰

ๆ€งใ€้–“ๆŽฅๆ€งใ€ๅพŒๆžœๆ€งๆๅคฑ๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผ็ฒๅˆฉๆๅคฑๆˆ–ๅˆฉๆฏๆๅคฑใ€‚็‚บไบ†้ฟๅ…็–‘ๅ•๏ผŒ้ฆ–

่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ‡่ฒ ่ฒฌ็‚บๆ‰€่ณผ่ฒท็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ–ๅพ—ๅ‡บๅฃ/้€ฒๅฃๆ‰€้œ€็š„ไปปไฝ•็›ธ้—œๅ‡บๅฃ/้€ฒๅฃ่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅ‡†่จฑ

็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡็„ก็พฉๅ‹™ๆ”ฏไป˜ๅ› ๅŒฏ็Ž‡ๆณขๅ‹•ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅŽŸๅ› ่€Œๅผ•่ตท็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅˆฉๆฏ๏ผŒไนŸ็„ก็พฉๅ‹™่ณ ๅ„Ÿๅ› ๅŒฏ

9 ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘

(โ€œ่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰โ€)ใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๆ‡‰่ฒทๅฎถๆ›ธ้ข่ฆๆฑ‚ๅ‘่ฒทไป‹็ดน่จ—้‹ไบบๅ”ๅŠฉ็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ‰€้œ€็š„ๅ‡บๅฃ่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰ๆˆ–

ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘่ฒป็Ž‡็‚บ๏ผš

ๅ‡†่จฑ๏ผŒ้ขจ้šชๅŠ่ฒป็”จ็”ฑ่ฒทๅฎถๆ‰ฟๆ“”ใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐฑ่ฉฒ็ญ‰ไป‹็ดนไธ่ฒ ไปปไฝ•่ฒฌไปปใ€‚ไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่ขซๆ‹’็ฐฝ

9.1.1 ่‹ฅๆˆไบคๅƒนไฝŽๆ–ผๆˆ–็ญ‰ๆ–ผๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒ๏ผŒๆฏไปถๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆˆไบคๅƒนไน‹18%๏ผ› ๆˆ–

่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅปถ้ฒๅ–ๅพ—่จฑๅฏ่ญ‰ไธๅฏไฝœ็‚บ่ฒทๅฎถๅ–ๆถˆ่ณผ่ฒท่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆˆ–ๆ‹’็ต•ๆˆ–ๅปถ้ฒๆ”ฏไป˜ๅ…ถๆ นๆ“š็ฌฌ

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็™ผ็ฅจไธŠ่จปๆ˜Ž็š„็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ฒทๅฎถๆˆ–ๅ…ถ็นผๆ‰ฟไบบๆ‰ๆœ‰่ณ‡ๆ ผไฝœๅ‡บๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰ไธ‹็š„ๆฑ‚

9.1.2 ่‹ฅๆˆไบคๅƒน้ซ˜ๆ–ผๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒ๏ผŒๅ‰‡็ˆฒๆˆไบคๅƒน้ฆ–ๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒไน‹18%๏ผŒๆˆไบค

10ๆขๆ‡‰ไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ (ๆœฌ่บซๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„ๅ…จ้ƒจๆฌพ้ …็š„็†็”ฑใ€‚

ๅ„Ÿ๏ผŒๆขไปถๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ่ฉฒ่ฒทๅฎถๆˆ–ๅ…ถ็นผๆ‰ฟไบบๅฟ…้ ˆไปๆ˜ฏ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไบบ๏ผŒๅ…ถๅฐšๆœชๅฐ‡ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ไปป

่ˆ‰ไพ‹่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ ๅ…ƒร—18%)ใ€‚

(ii) ๅฆ‚ๆžœๆˆไบคๅƒน็‚บๆธฏๅนฃ12,000,000ๅ…ƒ๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘ๅฐ‡็‚บๆธฏๅนฃ1,692,000ๅ…ƒ๏ผŒๆญค้‡‘ ้ก็‚บ(ๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒ ร— 18%)ใ€(ๆธฏๅนฃ8,000,000ๅ…ƒ โ€“ ๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒ) ร— 15%ๅŠ

ๅพŒ้Šทๅ”ฎๅ“โ€)๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅœจๆœ‰้—œๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ็ตๆŸๅพŒ่‡ณ7ๆ—ฅ็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅ็ตๆŸๅ‰๏ผš

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ้ฆ™ๆธฏๆœ‰้™ๅ…ฌๅธ

12.1.2 ๆŽฅๅ—ๆ นๆ“šๆœฌ12ๆขๅ‡บ็š„ๆœ€้ซ˜ๅ‡บๅƒน็š„็ซถๆŠ•๏ผŒ

ๅƒ…ๆœ‰็š„่ฃœๅ„Ÿ็‚บไธ่ถ…้Ž่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่ฒทๅ…ฅๅƒน็š„่ณ ๅ„Ÿ้‡‘้กใ€‚็„ก่ซ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถๅ‡ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌไปป

้ฆ™ๆธฏไธญ็’ฐ้ฎๆ‰“้“10่™Ÿๅคชๅญๅคงๅปˆ15ๆจ“1515ๅฎค

ไฝ†ๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฆ‚ๆžœๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎš่ช็ˆฒ่ฉฒ็›ธ้—œ็š„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๆไพ›้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ

ไฝ•็‰นๆฎŠใ€้–“ๆŽฅใ€ๅพŒๆžœๆ€ง็š„ๆๅคฑ๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผ็ฒๅˆฉๆๅคฑๆˆ–ๅˆฉๆฏๆๅคฑใ€‚็‚บ้ฟๅ…็–‘ๅ•๏ผŒ

้›ป่ฉฑ่™Ÿ็ขผ: (852)2537 1880

ไปคๅ…ถๆปฟๆ„็š„ๆ นๆ“š็ฌฌ12.2ๆขๅ…ถ่ฆๆฑ‚็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ–‡ไปถ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅ‰‡็„ก็พฉๅ‹™ๆŽฅๅ—ไปปไฝ•

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็„ก็พฉๅ‹™ๆ”ฏไป˜ๅ› ๅŒฏ็Ž‡ๆณขๅ‹•ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅŽŸๅ› ่€Œๅผ•่ตท็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅˆฉๆฏ๏ผŒไนŸ็„ก็พฉๅ‹™่ณ ๅ„Ÿๅ› ๅŒฏ

ๅ‚ณ็œŸ่™Ÿ็ขผ: (852)2537 2810

็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚

็Ž‡ๆณขๅ‹•ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅŽŸๅ› ่€Œๅผ•่ตท็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆๅคฑใ€‚

้›ป้ƒตๅœฐๅ€๏ผšinfo@seoulauction.com.hk

ไปฃ็†ๅฐฑไปปๅ’Œ่ˆ‡ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ็š„่กŒ็ˆฒๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๅ‡บๅ”ฎ็›ธ้—œ่ฏ็š„ไปปไฝ•ไฝœ็ˆฒๆˆ–ไธไฝœ็ˆฒๅผ•่ตท็š„

ๅ‘็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅ’Œ่ฒทๅฎถ็™ผๅ‡บ็š„้€š็Ÿฅๆ‡‰็™ผ้€ๅˆฐๅ…ถ็›ธ้—œ็™ป่จ˜่กจๆ ผๅ…ง่จปๆ˜Ž็š„ๅœฐๅ€ใ€‚

ๆˆ–่ˆ‡ๅ…ถๆœ‰้—œ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆฌบ่ฉใ€ๆญปไบกๆˆ–ไบบ่บซๅ‚ทๅฎณ็š„่ฒฌไปปใ€‚

18.7 ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพไธญๆๅŠ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠๆœŸ้–“ไปฅๅŠๆ นๆ“šๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๆˆ–ๅ„ๆ–นๆ›ธ้ขๅ”่ญฐๅ–

18.8 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”พๆฃ„ๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”พๆฃ„ๅ…ถๅœจๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธ‹็š„ไปปไฝ•่ฆๆฑ‚ๆˆ–

12.2 ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๆ‡‰ๅœจๅฐไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅพŒ้Šทๅ”ฎๅ“็ซถๆŠ•ๆ™‚๏ผŒๅœจๆ›ธ้ข้€š็Ÿฅๅˆ—ๆ˜Ž็š„ๆ™‚้–“ๅ†…๏ผŒๅฏ„็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ

12.3 ไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅพŒ้Šทๅ”ฎๅ“็š„้Šทๅ”ฎๆ‡‰ๅœจ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็ฐฝ็™ผ็ตฆ่ฉฒ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅ‘Š็Ÿฅ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆŽฅๅ—ๅ…ถ็ซถๆŠ•็š„ ๆ‡‰ๆ”ฏไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„ไปปไฝ•่ฒทๆ–น่ฒป็”จใ€‚

15.2 ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพไธ‹ไธฆ็„กไปปไฝ•ๆขๆฌพๆŽ’้™คๆˆ–้™ๅˆถๅฐ็”ฑ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ๏ผŒๅ…ถ้ซ˜็ดš่ทๅ“กใ€ๅ“กๅทฅใ€ๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–

(ii) ็•ถ่ฒทๅฎถๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ฆช่‡จๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด็ซถๆŠ•ๆˆ–ๆ–ผๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๆ™‚ไธๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด๏ผŒๅ‰‡ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ

16.1 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅœจไปปไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎš๏ผŒไฟฎๆ”นๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ๏ผŒไธฆๅœจๅพž่ฉฒไฟฎๆ”น็”Ÿๆ•ˆๆ—ฅๅ‰7

ไปปไฝ•ๆฌŠๅˆฉไธฆไธ่งฃ้™คไปปไฝ•ๅ…ถไป–ๆ–นๅ…จ้ƒจๅฑฅ่กŒๅ…ถๅœจๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธ‹็š„ๅ…ถ้ค˜็พฉ

10.9๏ผŒ11๏ผŒ13่‡ณ19ๅ’Œ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๅ†…็›ธ้—œ็š„ๆขๆฌพๆ นๆ“šๆœฌ12ๆข(ๅฆ‚้ฉ็”จ)ๅ’Œๅฟ…้ ˆ็š„ๆ›ดๆ”นๆ‡‰้ฉ

ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅ่ตท่‡ณ่ฉฒไฟฎๆ”น็”Ÿๆ•ˆๆ—ฅๅ‰ไธ€ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๆญขๅฐ‡ไปปไฝ•่ฉฒ็ญ‰ไฟฎๆ”นๅ…ฌไฝˆๅœจ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็ถฒ็ซ™็š„

ๅ‹™ใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅ–ฎ้ …ๆˆ–้ƒจๅˆ†่กŒไฝฟๆˆ–ๆœช่ƒฝๆˆ–ๅปถ้ฒ่กŒไฝฟๅ…ถๅœจๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …็š„

็”จๅœจไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅพŒ้Šทๅ”ฎๅ“็š„้Šทๅ”ฎใ€‚

้ฆ–้ ใ€‚

ไปปไฝ•ๆฌŠๅˆฉใ€ๆฌŠๅŠ›ๆˆ–่ฃœๆ•‘่พฆๆณ•ๆˆ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็ตฆไบˆๆ™‚้–“ๅฐ‡ไธๆœƒๆๅฎณใ€ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟๆˆ–้™ๅˆถ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ

ๅพŒๅ…ฉๅ€‹็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅๅ…ง้€ๅˆฐ่ฒทๅฎถๅœจๅ…ถ็™ป่จ˜่กจๆ ผไธญ่จปๆ˜Ž็š„ๅœฐๅ€ใ€‚ 10.2 ๅฐฑ่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒทๅ…ฅ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅ’Œ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …่‡ช่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ่ตท( ไฝ†ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ)็š„7ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๅ…งๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)ๆ”ฏไป˜ไธฆ็ขบ

ไปฃ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠๆœŸ้–“ๅ‡็‚บๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธญ็š„่ฆ็ด ใ€‚ 16 ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅ’Œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„็š„ไฟฎๆ”น

12.4 ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพไธญ็š„็ฌฌ1๏ผŒ2๏ผŒ3๏ผŒ6๏ผŒ7.2๏ผŒ7.3๏ผŒ7.6่‡ณ7.9๏ผŒ7.11๏ผŒ7.12๏ผŒ8๏ผŒ9๏ผŒ10.2่‡ณ

ๅ‡บๅพŒ24ๅฐๆ™‚ๅ†…ๅ‘่ฒทๅฎถๆœฌไบบ็™ผๅ‡บ๏ผ›ๆˆ–

็™ผ็ฅจๆ™‚็™ผ็”Ÿ๏ผŒ่ฉฒ็™ผ็ฅจๅˆ—ๆœ‰่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒทๅ…ฅ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“๏ผŒๆˆไบคๅƒนใ€่ฒทๆ–นๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘ๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ฒทๅฎถ

ๅˆ—ๆœ‰่ฒทๅฎถๅœจๆ‹

(i) ็•ถ่ฒทๅฎถ่ฆช่‡จๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด่ฆช่บซ็ซถๆŠ•ไธฆๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ‡บๅ”ฎ็•ถๆ—ฅๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅ†…๏ผŒๅ‰‡ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎ

13 ็„ก้™ณ่ฟฐใ€ไฟ่ญ‰่ˆ‡่ฒฌไปป

ๅœจๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธ‹็š„ๆฌŠๅˆฉใ€ๆฌŠๅŠ›ๅŠ่ฃœๆ•‘่พฆๆณ•๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐฑ้•ๅๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃ

16.2 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅœจไปปไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎš๏ผŒๆ›ดๆ”นๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅ†…ไปปไฝ•ไฟกๆฏ๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผ้‡

ๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆฃ„ๆฌŠไนŸไธๅฏ่ขซ็•ถไฝœ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”พๆฃ„ไปปไฝ•ไน‹ๅพŒๆˆ–ๆŒ็บŒ้•ๅๆœฌ

่ฆไบ‹้ …๏ผŒไปปไฝ•่ฉฒ็ญ‰ไฟฎๆ”นๅฐ‡ๅœจๆœ‰้—œๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ้–“ๅผต่ฒผๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅ†…ใ€‚

13.1 ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅŒๆ„ไธฆ็ขบ่ช๏ผŒๆœ‰้—œไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰่ชชๆ˜Ž๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–

ๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …็š„ๆฌŠๅˆฉใ€‚

ไฟ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ถๅˆฐ๏ผš

้Œ„ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅœฐๆ–นไธญๆœ‰้—œไฝœ่€…ใ€ๅ็จฑใ€ๅช’ไป‹ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅฐบๅฏธๅคงๅฐ็ญ‰๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–ๆ˜ฏๆ›ธ้ข็š„ๆˆ–็”ฑ้ฆ–

17 ่ณ‡ๆ–™ไฟ่ญท

10.2.1 ็™ผ็ฅจไธŠ่จปๆ˜Ž็š„ๅ…จ้ƒจๆฌพ้ก๏ผ›ๅŠ

็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃใ€ๅ…ถ่‘ฃไบ‹ใ€้ซ˜็ดš่ทๅ“กใ€ๅ“กๅทฅๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ็†ๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถไปปไฝ•ๆ™‚ๅ€™็š„ๅฃ้ ญ่ชชๆ˜Ž๏ผŒๅ‡ๅฑฌ

10.2.2 ไปฅๅŠ็™ผ็ฅจ็™ผๅ‡บ็ตฆ่ฒทๅฎถๅพŒ็™ผ็”Ÿ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅ…ถไป–่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จ๏ผŒ

ๆ„่ฆ‹็š„้—ก่ฟฐ๏ผŒ่€Œ้žไบ‹ๅฏฆ่ชชๆ˜Žใ€‚ๅœจๆณ•ๅพ‹ๅ…่จฑ็š„็ฏ„ๅœๅ…ง๏ผŒไธ”้™คไบ†ๆœฌ13ๆข,

18.9 ๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพไธๆ™‚ไฟฎๆ”น็š„ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆ้€š็Ÿฅๆง‹ๆˆๅ„ๆ–นๅฐๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๆจ™็š„็š„ๅ…จ้ƒจๅ”

17.1 ๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ใ€็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ฒทๅฎถๅฏ่ƒฝๅœจ่ˆ‡ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธญ็ซถๆŠ•ๅŠ่ณผ่ฒทๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็›ธ้—œ่ฏๆƒ…ๆณไธ‹

่ญฐ่ˆ‡็†่งฃ(ไฝ†ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆณ•ๅพ‹้šฑๅซ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆขๆฌพ๏ผŒ่ฉฒ็ญ‰ๆขๆฌพๅฏ่ƒฝไปฅๅˆ็ด„ๆ–นๅผไบˆไปฅๆŽ’้™ค)๏ผŒไธฆ

็ฌฌ14ๆขๅŠ/ๆˆ–

่ขซ่ฆๆฑ‚ๆไพ›ๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ€‚ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆœƒ่ขซไฝฟ็”จๆ–ผไปฅไธ‹ๅ„็›ฎ็š„๏ผš(i)ๆ‰€ๆœ‰่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹

ๅ–ไปฃๅ„ๆ–นๅฐฑๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …(ๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพไธๆ™‚ไฟฎ่จ‚็š„)ไธญ็š„ไบ‹้ …็š„ไปปไฝ•ไน‹ๅ‰

ไฝ†่‹ฅๆˆไบคๅƒน้ซ˜ๆ–ผๆˆ–็ญ‰ๆ–ผๆธฏๅนฃ2,500,000ๅ…ƒ๏ผŒๅ‰‡ๆ‡‰ๅœจ21ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๅ…งๆ”ฏไป˜๏ผŒไฝ†ๆข

็ฌฌ15ๆขๆ˜Ž็ขบ่ฆๅฎš็š„ๅ…ถไป–ไพ‹ๅค–ๆƒ…ๆณๅค–๏ผŒๆ˜Ž็ขบๅฑ้™คไธ€ๅˆ‡ๆœ‰้—œไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰้™ณ่ฟฐใ€

่ณฃๆฅญๅ‹™ๅŠๅธ‚ๅ ดๆŽจๅปฃ็š„็ฎก็†ๅŠ้‹ไฝœ๏ผŒๅŠ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœๅ‹™็š„ๆไพ›ๆœ‰้—œ่ฏ็š„ไบ‹้ …๏ผ›(ii)ๅฐ‡่ฉฒ่ณ‡

็š„ๆ›ธ้ขๆˆ–ๅฃ้ ญๅ”่ญฐ(้™ค่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็›ธไบ’ไน‹้–“่ˆ‡่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่จ—ๅ”ฎๆ‹่ณฃๅ“

ไปถๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๅœจ7ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๅ…งๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ฏไป˜่ฒทๅ…ฅๅƒน็š„30%ใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅœจๅ‡บ

ไฟ่ญ‰ใ€ๆขไปถใ€ๆ“”ไฟๅŠ่ฆๅฎš๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–ๆ˜ฏๆ˜Ž็คบๆˆ–ๆš—็คบ็š„ใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹่ฆๅฎš็š„ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๆ…ฃไพ‹ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–๏ผŒ

ๆ–™ๅ‚ณ้€่‡ณ้ฆ™ๆธฏไปฅๅ…งๆˆ–ไปฅๅค–็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅœฐๆ–น๏ผ›ๅŠ/ๆˆ– (iii)ไปปไฝ•่ˆ‡็ฌฆๅˆไปปไฝ•ๆณ•ๅพ‹๏ผŒๆขไพ‹๏ผŒๆณ•ไปค

็›ธ้—œ็š„ๆฌŠๅˆฉ็พฉๅ‹™๏ผŒๆ‡‰็”ฑ็›ธ้—œ็š„่จ—ๅ”ฎๅ”่ญฐ่ฆ็ฎก)ใ€‚ๅ„ๆ–นๅŒๆ„๏ผŒๆฒ’ๆœ‰ไธ€ๆ–นๆ˜ฏ่ขซไปปไฝ•ๆฒ’ๆœ‰

ๅ”ฎ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ‰ๅฏ่ˆ‡่ฒทๅฎถๆ›ธ้ข็ด„ๅฎšๅˆ†ๆœŸๆ”ฏไป˜่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ฒทๅ…ฅๅƒนใ€‚

ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผๆœ‰้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ไฟ่ญ‰๏ผŒๅฐๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌŠ็š„ๆขไปถ๏ผŒ่™•็ฝฎๆฌŠ๏ผŒไธๅ—ๅนฒๆ“พๆฌŠ๏ผŒ็„ก็”ขๆฌŠ

ๆˆ–็ฎก็†้ƒจ้–€็š„ๅ‘ฝไปคๆœ‰้—œๆˆ–่ˆ‡ๅ…ถๆœ‰้—œ่ฏ็š„็›ฎ็š„ใ€‚

ๆ˜Ž็ขบๅŒ…ๅซๅœจๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …็š„ไปปไฝ•้™ณ่ฟฐใ€ไฟ่ญ‰ๆˆ–ๆ‰ฟ่ซพๅผ•่ช˜็ฐฝ่จ‚ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ

่ฒ ๆ“”๏ผŒๅ…ทๆœ‰ๅฏ้Šทๅ”ฎๆˆ–ไปคไบบๆปฟๆ„็š„่ณช้‡ใ€้ฉๅˆ็‰นๅฎš็”จ้€”ใ€่ฒจๅ“่ชชๆ˜Žใ€ๅฐบๅฏธใ€่ณช้‡ใ€็ฝฒ

10.3 ้™ค้ž่ฒทๅฎถ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฆๆœ‰ๆ›ธ้ข็ด„ๅฎš๏ผŒ

(i) ่ฒท ๅฎถๆ‡‰ๅฐฑๅ…ถ่ฒทๅ…ฅ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่‡ช่กŒๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …่‡ช่กŒ่ฒ ่ฒฌๆ”ฏไป˜่ฒทๅ…ฅๅƒนๅŠ/

(ii) ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡ไธๆŽฅๅ—้™ค็›ธ้—œ่ฒทๅฎถไปฅๅค–็š„ไปปไฝ•ไป–ๆ–นๆ”ฏไป˜ๆฌ ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—

ๆˆ–ๆ‡‰ไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„ไปปไฝ•่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จ๏ผ›ๅŠ

ๅใ€็œŸ็ขบๆ€งใ€ๅช’ไป‹ๆˆ–ๅ‡บ่™•่ตทๆบๆˆ–ๆ˜ฏๅฆ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ—ไปปไฝ•็‰ˆๆฌŠ้™ๅˆถๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–่ฒทๅฎถๆ˜ฏๅฆๅ–ๅพ—

ๆˆ–ๅ€‹ไบบๆŠซ้œฒๆˆ–่ขซๅ…ถไฝฟ็”จ๏ผŒไธ็ฎกๅœจ้ฆ™ๆธฏไปฅๅ†…ๆˆ–ไปฅๅค–๏ผš(i)้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไปปไฝ•ๅˆ†่กŒ๏ผŒ

่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็‰ˆๆฌŠ็ญ‰็š„ไฟ่ญ‰ๆˆ–ๆขไปถใ€‚

้™„ๅฑฌๅ…ฌๅธ๏ผŒๆฏๅ…ฌๅธ๏ผŒ้—œ่ฏๅ…ฌๅธ๏ผŒๆˆ–้—œ่ฏๆ–น๏ผŒ่ขซๅ…ถๆŽงๅˆถ็š„ๅ…ฌๅธ๏ผŒๆˆ–่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœ‰ๅ…ฑๅŒ ๆŽงๅˆถ็š„ๅ…ฌๅธ(ๆฏๅ€‹็‚บโ€œ้—œ่ฏๆ–นโ€)(ๅ…ฑๅŒ็‚บโ€œ้›†ๅœ˜โ€)๏ผ›(ii)้›†ๅœ˜็š„ไปปไฝ•่‘ฃไบ‹๏ผŒ้ซ˜็ดšๅ“กๅทฅ๏ผŒ

19 ๅธๆณ•็ฎก่ฝ„่ˆ‡็ฎก่ฝ„ๆณ•ๅพ‹

็”ฑ้›†ๅœ˜ๆ‰นๅ‡†ๅ‘้›†ๅœ˜ๆไพ›่กŒๆ”ฟ๏ผŒ้›ป่จŠ๏ผŒ้›ป่…ฆ๏ผŒไฟ้šช๏ผŒ้‹่ผธ๏ผŒๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ไปปไฝ•่ˆ‡้›†ๅœ˜ๆฅญๅ‹™

ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅ—้ฆ™ๆธฏๆณ•ๅพ‹็š„็ฎก่ฝ„ใ€‚้ฆ™ๆธฏๆณ•้™ขๅฐๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๅผ•่ตท็š„ๆˆ–่ˆ‡ๅ…ถๆœ‰้—œ

ไฝ†ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ)็š„7ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๅ…งๆ”ถๅˆฐ็”ฑ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„็ฌฌ10ๆขไธ‹ๅ…ถๆ‡‰ไป˜็š„ๅ…จ้ƒจ้‡‘

ๆŸฅ๏ผŒไธฆๅฐๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„็‹€ๆณๆ„Ÿๅˆฐๆปฟๆ„๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆๅฃžๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡ๆ•ด้ƒจๅˆ†ๅŠๆ‹

็š„้‹ไฝœ็”ฑ้—œ่ฏ็š„ๆœๅ‹™็š„ไปปไฝ•ไบบไป•๏ผ›(iv)ไฟก็”จๆถˆๆฏๆŸฅๅ•ๆฉŸๆง‹ๅŠๅœจ้•่ฒฌๆ™‚็š„ๅ‚ตๅ‹™ๆ”ถๅ–ไปฃ

็š„ไปปไฝ•็ˆญ่ญฐๅ…ทๆœ‰่งฃๆฑบ็ˆญ่ญฐ็š„ๆŽ’ไป–ๆ€ง็ฎก่ฝ„ๆฌŠ๏ผŒๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ็š„ๅ„ๆ–น(้™ค้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ)ๆ‡‰ๅ—่ฉฒ็ญ‰ๆณ•้™ข

้ก๏ผŒ้™ค้ž่ฒทๅฎถ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœ‰ๆ›ธ้ข็ด„ๅฎš๏ผŒๅฆๅ‰‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎš:

่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅœฐๆ–นๆ‰€ๆไพ›็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ่ฟฐใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅชๆœ‰ๅœจๅ‡ๅฎš็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๆปฟๆ„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„็‹€

็†๏ผ›(v)ไปปไฝ•ๅฐ้›†ๅœ˜่ฒ ไฟๅฏ†่ฒฌไปป็š„ๅ…ถไป–ไบบไป•๏ผ›ๅŠ/ๆˆ– (vi)้›†ๅœ˜ๅ› ไปปไฝ•ๆณ•ๅพ‹๏ผŒๆขไพ‹๏ผŒๆณ•

็š„็ฎก่ฝ„๏ผŒไธฆไธๅฏๅๆ‚”ๅœฐๆ”พๆฃ„ไปฅ็ฎก่ฝ„ๆฌŠๆณ•้™ขๅœฐ้ปž็‚บ็”ฑๆˆ–ไปฅๆณ•ๅพ‹็จ‹ๅบๅœจไธไพฟๅฏฉ็†่ฉฒ็จ‹ๅบ็š„ๆณ•

10.4.1 ๅ–ๆถˆ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๅ‡บๅ”ฎไธฆๅ‘่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ถๅ–ๆ’ค้Šท่ฒป๏ผŒไธ€็ถ“่ซ‹ๆฑ‚๏ผŒๆ’ค้Šท่ฒปๅณ็‚บ่ฒทๅฎถๅˆฐ

ๆณๅŠๆœ‰้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅœฐๆ–นๆ‰€ๆไพ›็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ่ฟฐไธ‹ๆ‰ๆŽฅๅ—็ซถๆŠ•่€…็š„็ซถๆŠ•ใ€‚

ไปคๆˆ–็ฎก็†้ƒจ้–€็š„ๅ‘ฝไปค็š„่ฆๆฑ‚ๅ‘ๅ…ถๆœ‰ๆŠซ้œฒ่ฒฌไปป็š„ไปปไฝ•ไบบไป•ใ€‚

้™ขๆ่ตท็‚บ็”ฑๅๅฐๅœจ่ฉฒ็ญ‰ๆณ•้™ข้€ฒ่กŒๆณ•ๅพ‹็จ‹ๅบ็š„ๆฌŠๅˆฉใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡ๆœ‰ๆฌŠๅœจ้ฆ™ๆธฏๆณ•้™ขไปฅๅค–็š„ไปป

10.4.3 ๅœจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบๅ‘่ฒทๅฎถ่ฟฝ่จŽๆฌ ๆฌพ็š„็ฏ„ๅœๅ…งๅ‘็›ธ้—œ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบๆŠซ้œฒ่ฒทๅฎถ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅฟ…้ ˆ็š„ๅ€‹

13.3 ๅœจๆณ•ๅพ‹็š„ๅ…่จฑ็ฏ„ๅœๅ…งไธ”้™คไบ†ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆ้€š็Ÿฅๆ˜Ž็ขบ่ฆๅฎš็š„ๅ…ถไป–ไพ‹ๅค–ๆƒ…ๆณ๏ผŒ

17.3 ไธ€่ˆฌ่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ้™คๆŸไบ›่ฑๅ…ไบ‹้ …ไปฅๅค–๏ผŒๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ใ€็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ฒทๅฎถๆœ‰ๆฌŠๅˆฉ๏ผš(i)่ฆๆฑ‚

ไฝ•ๆณ•้™ขๆ่ตท่จด่จŸใ€‚ๆ‰€ๆœ‰็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅŠ่ฒทๅฎถไธๅฏๆ’ค้ŠทๅœฐๅŒๆ„๏ผŒๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆณ•้™ขๅ…งๆ่ตท็š„ๆณ•ๅพ‹่จด่จŸ๏ผŒ

็„ก่ซ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถๅฐ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๆˆ–่ฒทๅฎถๅฐไธ‹ๅˆ—ไบ‹้ …ๆฆ‚ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌ:

ๆŸฅ้–ฒๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™๏ผŒ่€Œ่ฉฒๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™ๅฟ…้ ˆๆ–ผ40ๅคฉๅ…งๆไพ›๏ผ›(ii)่ฆๆฑ‚ๆ›ดๆญฃๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™๏ผŒ่€Œ่ฉฒๅ€‹

ๅฐ‡ไปฅๅ‚ณ็œŸใ€่ฆช่‡ช้ž้€ใ€้ƒตๅฏ„ๆˆ–้ฆ™ๆธฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹ๆ–‡ไปถ้ž้€ๅœฐๆ–น็š„ๆณ•ๅพ‹ๆˆ–่จด่จŸ่ขซๆ่ตท็š„็ฎก่ฝ„

13.3.1 ่ณ‡ๆ–™็š„้Œฏ่ชคๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–ๆ˜ฏๅฃ้ ญๆˆ–ๆ›ธ้ข็š„๏ผŒไนŸ็„ก่ซ–ๆ˜ฏ็”ฑ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃใ€ๅ…ถ่‘ฃ

ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™็š„ๆ›ดๆ”นๅฟ…้ ˆๆ–ผ40ๅคฉๅ…งๅšๅ‡บ๏ผ›ๅŠ/ๆˆ–

ๅ€็š„ๆณ•ๅพ‹ๅ…่จฑ็š„ๅ…ถไป–ๆ–นๅผ๏ผŒๅฐ‡ๆณ•ๅพ‹ๆ–‡ไปถๆˆ–่ˆ‡่ฉฒๆณ•ๅพ‹่จด่จŸๆœ‰้—œ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅ…ถไป–ๆ–‡ไปถ๏ผŒ้€ไบคๅˆฐ้ฆ–

10.4.4 ๆŽกๅ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่ช็‚บๅฟ…่ฆๆˆ–้ฉ็•ถ็š„ๅ…ถไป–ๆŽชๆ–ฝ๏ผŒ

ไบ‹ใ€้ซ˜็ดš่ทๅ“กใ€ๅ“กๅทฅๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ็†ๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถๆไพ›็š„๏ผŒไนŸ็„ก่ซ–ๆ˜ฏๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€ ๆˆ็š„๏ผ›

ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™๏ผ›ๅŠ/ๆˆ–

13.3.2 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃใ€ๅ…ถ่‘ฃไบ‹ใ€้ซ˜็ดš่ทๅ“กใ€ๅ“กๅทฅๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ็†ๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃ

ไฝ†ไธๆๅฎณ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅœจๆณ•ๅพ‹ไธŠๅฏไปฅไฝฟ็”จ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅ…ถไป–ๆฌŠๅˆฉๆˆ–่ฃœๆ•‘่พฆๆณ•ใ€‚

10.5 ่ฒทๅฎถๅฏไปฅ่‡ชๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ่ตท(ไฝ†ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ)็š„7ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๅ…งไปฅไธ‹ๅˆ—ๆ–นๅผๅ–

10.5.1 ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็™ผๅ‡บๆ›ธ้ขๅ–ๆถˆ้€š็Ÿฅ๏ผŒๅŠ

14 ๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰

10.5.2 ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ฏไป˜่ฒทๅฎถๆ’ค้Šท่ฒปใ€‚

ๆœƒๆ™‚็š„่กŒ็‚บๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ˆ‡ๅ‡บๅ”ฎๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ไปปไฝ•ไบ‹้ …ๆœ‰้—œ็š„่กŒ็‚บๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–

่ณ‡ๆ–™ไฟ่ญทๆข็ด„ๅŠๅฏฆๆ–ฝ็š„่ณ‡่จŠ๏ผŒๆˆ–่€…้—œๆ–ผ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไฟๅญ˜็š„ๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™็š„็จฎ้กž็š„่ฆๆฑ‚๏ผŒๆ‡‰

่ฉฒ่กŒ็‚บๆˆ–็–ๅฟฝๆ˜ฏๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€ ๆˆ็š„ใ€‚

ๆ นๆ“š็ฌฌ18.6ๆข่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่ฏ็ตกใ€‚้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœ‰ๆฌŠๅˆฉๅฐฑ่™•็†ไปปไฝ•ๆŸฅ้–ฒ่ณ‡ๆ–™็š„่ฆๆฑ‚ๆ”ถๅ–ๅˆ 17.5 ๅฆ‚่ฉฒๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ใ€็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ฒทๅฎถ็‚บๅ…ฌๅธๅ€‹้ซ”๏ผŒ้™ค้ž้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅทฒ็ฒๅพ—่ณ‡ๆ–™็•ถไบ‹ไบบ ๅฐไฝฟ็”จ่ฉฒ่ณ‡ๆ–™็š„ๅŒๆ„๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไธๅฏไฝฟ็”จ่ฉฒๅ…ฌๅธๅ€‹้ซ”็•ถไบ‹ไบบ็š„ๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™ๆ–ผไปปไฝ•็›ฎ็š„

โ€œๆจ™้กŒโ€ ( )(ๅœจ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๆœŸ้–“๏ผŒ็ถ“็”ฑๅœจๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅฑ•็คบ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๆณจๆ„ไบ‹้ …็š„ไฟฎๆ”น)

ไธŠ, ไฝ†ๅœจๆ”ถ้›†่ฉฒ่ณ‡ๆ–™็š„ๆ™‚ๅ€™่ฉฒๅ…ฌๅธๅ€‹้ซ”ๅทฒ้€š็Ÿฅ่ณ‡ๆ–™็•ถไบ‹ไบบ่ฉฒ่ณ‡ๆ–™่ขซไฝฟ็”จ็š„็›ฎ็š„้™คๅค–,

ๅœจ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅ‡บ็‰ˆๆ—ฅ็•ถๅคฉๆ˜ฏ็œŸๅฏฆไธ”ๆบ–็ขบ็š„(โ€œๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰โ€)ใ€‚

ๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•่ˆ‡ๅœจๆ”ถ้›†่ฉฒ่ณ‡ๆ–™็š„ๆ™‚ๅ€™่ฉฒๅ…ฌๅธๅ€‹้ซ”ๅทฒ้€š็Ÿฅ่ณ‡ๆ–™็•ถไบ‹ไบบ่ฉฒ่ณ‡ๆ–™่ขซไฝฟ็”จ็š„็›ฎ็š„ๆœ‰

10.6 ้™ค้ž่ฒทๅฎถ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฆๆœ‰ๆ›ธ้ข็ด„ๅฎš๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡ๆ นๆ“šๆœฌ10.6ๆขๅƒ…ๅ‘่ฒทๅฎถๆˆ–ๅ…ถๆŽˆๆฌŠไปฃ

14.2 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ้•ๅๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌไปป๏ผŒ้™ค้žๆ นๆ“šๆœฌ14ๆข่ฒทๅฎถ่‡ชๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ

็›ดๆŽฅ้—œไฟ‚็š„็›ฎ็š„ไนŸ้™คๅค–ใ€‚้€š้Ž็ฐฝ็ฝฒ็›ธ้—œ็š„็”ณ่ซ‹่กจๆ ผ๏ผŒ่ฉฒๅ…ฌๅธๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ใ€็ซถๆŠ•่€…

7ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅๅ…ง้ ˜ๅ–ๆˆ–ไฟƒไฝฟ้ ˜ๅ–่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถ่‡ช่กŒๆ‰ฟๆ“”้ขจ้šชๅŠ่ฒป็”จใ€‚ไฝ†ๆขไปถๆ˜ฏ๏ผŒ้ฆ–

่ตท(ไฝ†ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ็•ถๆ—ฅ)ไธ‰ๅนด็š„ๆœŸ้–“(โ€œไฟ่ญ‰ๆœŸโ€)ๆœŸๆปฟๅ‰ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็™ผๅ‡บไธ€ไปฝๆœ‰้—œ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“

ๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ฒทๅฎถ๏ผš(i)็ขบๅฎšๅทฒ้€š็Ÿฅๅ…ถ่ณ‡ๆ–™็•ถไบ‹ไบบไป–ๅ€‘็š„ๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™ๆœ‰ๅฏ่ƒฝ่ขซไฝฟ็”จๆ–ผ็ฌฌ17.1ๆข

็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็„ก็พฉๅ‹™ไบคไป˜ไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“๏ผš

็š„ๆฑ‚ๅ„Ÿไฟก(ๅฎš็พฉๆ–ผไธ‹)ใ€‚

ๅˆ—ๆ˜Ž็š„็›ฎ็š„๏ผ›ๅŠ

10.6.1 ็›ดๅˆฐ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅทฒๅŠๆ™‚ๆ”ถๅˆฐๆ นๆ“šๆœฌ10ๆข่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆ”ฏไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ

10.6.2 ๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ขซๆไพ›ไปค้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆปฟๆ„็š„ๆ”ถไปถไบบ็š„่บซไปฝ่ญ‰ๆ˜ŽๅŠ(ๅœจๆŽˆๆฌŠไปฃ่กจ็š„ๆƒ…ๆณไธ‹),

14.1 ๅฐไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไฟ่ญ‰๏ผŒๅ…ถๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธญไปฅ้ป‘่‰ฒ็ฒ—้ซ”ๅญ—ๅฐๅ‡บ็š„็ฌฌไธ€่กŒๆจ™้กŒ

ๅœจ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ถๅˆฐ่ฉฒๆ›ธ้ข้€š็ŸฅๅŠ่ฒทๆ–นๆ’ค้Šท่ฒปๆ™‚่ฉฒ่ฒท่ณฃ็ซ‹ๅณๆ’ค้Šทใ€‚

่กจไบคไป˜็”ฑ่ฒทๅฎถ่ณผๅ…ฅ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€‚่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰่‡ชๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ่ตท(ไฝ†ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ)็š„

14.3 ๅ—้™ๆ–ผ็ฌฌ14.2ๆข๏ผŒๆฌฒๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆŒ‰่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰ๆๅ‡บๆฑ‚ๅ„Ÿ็š„ไปปไฝ•่ฒทๆ–น๏ผŒ(i)ๆ‡‰

(ii)ๅŒๆ„่ณ ๅ„Ÿ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไปปไฝ•ๅ› ็ˆฒๅ…ถๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๅฆ‚ไปฅไธŠ(i)ไธญ้€š็Ÿฅ่ณ‡ๆ–™็•ถไบ‹ไบบ

่€Œไปค้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่’™ๅ—็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆๅคฑๆˆ–ๆๅฎณใ€‚

่‡ชๅพ—็Ÿฅๆœ‰ๅฏ่ƒฝ/ๅฏฆ้š›้•ๅๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰็š„ๆƒ…ๆณ็•ถๆ—ฅ(ไฝ†ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ็•ถๆ—ฅ)่ตทไธ‰ๅ€‹ๆœˆๅ…งๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ

่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌพ้ …๏ผŒๅŠ ไปค้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆปฟๆ„็š„ๆŽˆๆฌŠ่ญ‰ๆ˜Žใ€‚

็™ผๅ‡บไธ€ๅฐไฟก(โ€œๆฑ‚ๅ„Ÿไฟกโ€)๏ผŒไฟกไธญๆ‡‰่ชชๆ˜Ž่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅๆœŸใ€ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็ทจ่™ŸๅŠๅ…ถๅœจๆœ‰้™ไฟ

18 ๅ…ถไป–

่ญ‰ไธ‹็š„ๆฑ‚ๅ„Ÿ็†็”ฑ๏ผ›ๅŠ(ii)ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ้€€้‚„่ˆ‡่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ™‚็š„็‹€ๆณ็›ธๅŒ็š„่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€‚

18.1 ๅฆ‚ๆžœ่ฒทๅฎถๆœชๆ–ผ็›ธ้—œๆฌพ้ …็š„ๅˆฐๆœŸๆ—ฅๅ‰ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ”ฏไป˜ๆฌ ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๆˆ–ไปฃ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„

14.4 ๅฆ‚ๆžœ่ฒทๅฎถ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ่ฒทๅฎถๆŒ‰ๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰ๆฑ‚ๅ„Ÿ็š„็†็”ฑๅญ˜ๆœ‰็ˆญ่ญฐ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏ่ฆๆฑ‚่ฒทๅฎถ

ไปปไฝ•ๆฌพ้ …๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถ้ ˆๅœจๆœชไป˜็š„้‡‘้กไธŠๆ”ฏไป˜ไธ€็ญ†ๆฏๆ—ฅ่จˆ็ฎ—ใ€ๅˆฉ็Ž‡็‚บๆฏๆœˆ2%็š„ๅˆฉๆฏ(็”ฑ้ฆ–

่ฃใ€้‹้€ๅŠ่ฝ‰้‹ไฟ้šช๏ผŒ่ฒป็”จๅ’Œ้ขจ้šช็”ฑ่ฒทๅฎถๆ‰ฟๆ“”ใ€‚่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅœจๅŒ…่ฃๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–่ฝ‰้‹ๆœŸ้–“ๅ…ง

ๅ–ๅพ—้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅŠ่ฒทๅฎถ้›™ๆ–นๆŽฅๅ—็š„ๅ…ฉไฝๅœจๆญคๅฐˆๆฅญ้ ˜ๅŸŸ็š„ๅฐˆๅฎถๆ›ธ้ขๆ„่ฆ‹๏ผŒ่ฒป็”จ็”ฑ่ฒทๅฎถๆ‰ฟ

็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไธๆ™‚ๅ…จๆฌŠ้…Œๆƒ…ๆฑบๅฎš)๏ผŒๅพž่ฉฒ้‡‘้กๅˆฐๆœŸๆ—ฅ(ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆญคๆ—ฅ)่ตทๅˆฐ่ฉฒ้‡‘้กๅŠไปปไฝ•็ดฏ่จˆๅˆฉ

็™ผ็”Ÿ็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆๅฃžๆˆ–ๆๅคฑ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–ๆ˜ฏ่ฉฒๆๅฃžๆˆ–ๆๅคฑๆ˜ฏๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€ ๆˆ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆฆ‚ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌใ€‚

ๆ“”ใ€‚ไฝ†้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไธๅ—่ฒทๅฎถๆไพ›็š„่ฉฒ็ญ‰ๆ›ธ้ขๆ„่ฆ‹็š„็ด„ๆŸ๏ผŒไธฆๅฏๅฆๅค–่‡ช่ฒปๅ–ๅพ—่ฉฒ้ ˜ๅŸŸๅ…ถ

10.7 ่‹ฅ่ฒทๅฎถๅ’Œ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆ›ธ้ข็ด„ๅฎš๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฏๆ‡‰่ฒทๅฎถๆ›ธ้ข่ฆๆฑ‚ๅฐๅ…ถ่ฒทๅ…ฅ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅฎ‰ๆŽ’ๅŒ…

ไป–ๅฐˆๅฎถ็š„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€‚

10.8 ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่กŒๅฐ‡ๆ‹่ณฃๆจ™็š„ๆ”พๅœจๆŒ‡ๅฎš็š„็‰ฉๆตๅ…ฌๅธๅ€‰ๅบซๅ…่ฒปไฟ็ฎก๏ผˆ่ฒจ็‰ฉ่™•็†่ฒปๅŠไฟ็ฎก่ฒป้™ค

ๆฏๅฏฆ้š›ๅพ—ๅˆฐๆ”ฏไป˜็š„ๆ—ฅๆœŸ(ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ่ฉฒๆ—ฅ)็‚บๆญขใ€‚

14.5 ไธ‹ๅˆ—ๆƒ…ๆณไธ‹๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถ็„กๆฌŠๆๅ‡บๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰ไธ‹็š„ๆฑ‚ๅ„Ÿ:

18.2 ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธ‹็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅŠๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌพ้ …ๅ‡้ ˆไปฅๆธฏๅนฃๆ”ฏไป˜ใ€‚่‹ฅ่ฒทๅฎถ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹

ๅค–๏ผ‰๏ผŒไฟ็ฎกๆœŸ้™่‡ณๆ‹่ณฃๆˆไบคๆ—ฅ่ตท็ฌฌไธƒๆ—ฅๆญขใ€‚ๆœฌๆขๆฌพ่ฆๅฎš็š„ไฟ็ฎกๆœŸ้™ไธๅซๆ‹่ณฃๆˆไบค็•ถ

ๆ—ฅใ€‚่‹ฅ่ถ…้ŽไธŠ่ฟฐไฟ็ฎกๆœŸ้™ไปๆœช้ ˜ๅ–ๆจ™็š„๏ผŒๅ‰‡ๅฐ‡ๆจ™็š„่ฝ‰็งป่‡ณ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่กŒ็š„ๅ€‰ๅบซ้€ฒ่กŒไฟ

14.5.1 ็›ธ้—œๆจ™้กŒ่ˆ‡่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ™‚็‚บๅญธ่€…ๆˆ–ๅฐˆๅฎถไธ€่ˆฌๆŽฅๅ—็š„ๆ„่ฆ‹ไธ€่‡ด๏ผ›

ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„ไปปไฝ•้‡‘้ก๏ผŒๆˆ–ๅŒๆ„้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไปฅๆธฏๅนฃไปฅๅค–็š„่ฒจๅนฃๆ”ฏไป˜ๆฌ ่ฉฒ่ฒทๅฎถ็š„ไปปไฝ•้‡‘้ก๏ผŒ

็ฎก๏ผŒ้ขจ้šช็”ฑ่ฒทๅ—ไบบๆ‰ฟๆ“”ใ€‚็„ก่ซ–ๆ˜ฏ่ฒทๅ—ไบบๆœชๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่กŒไป˜ๆธ…ๅ…จ้ƒจ่ณผ่ฒทๅƒนๆฌพ๏ผˆ่ฆ–็ˆฒๅฐ

14.5.2 ๅœ–้Œ„ไธญ็š„่ชชๆ˜Žๆˆ–ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ดๅ…ง็š„ๆณจๆ„ไบ‹้ …ๆŒ‡ๅ‡บๅญธ่€…ๆˆ–ๆŸ็ต„ๅฐˆๅฎถๅฐ็›ธ้—œๆจ™้กŒๅฏ

่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆ‰ฟๆ“”้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่ฝ‰ๆ›ๆธฏๅนฃๅˆฐๅ…ถไป–่ฒจๅนฃ่€Œๅผ•่ตท็š„่ฒจๅนฃ่ฒป็”จ๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไฝ†ไธ้™ๆ–ผ้Š€่กŒไฝฃ

้‡‘ๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–ๆ”ถ่ฒปใ€‚ไปปไฝ•่ฒจๅนฃๅ…Œๆ›ๆ‡‰ไฝฟ็”จ้ฆ™ๆธฏไธŠๆตทๅŒฏ่ฑ้Š€่กŒๆœ‰้™ๅ…ฌๅธๅœจไป˜ๆฌพ็•ถๆ—ฅๅ ฑ็ตฆ้ฆ–

14.5.3 ้•ๅๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰่ˆ‡ๅฆๅช่ƒฝ็ถ“็”ฑ็ง‘ๅญธ้Ž็จ‹่ญ‰ๆ˜Ž(ไฝ†่ฉฒ้Ž็จ‹็›ดๅˆฐ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅ‡บ็‰ˆ

็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๆธฏๅนฃๅŒฏ็Ž‡๏ผŒ่€Œ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ่ฉฒๅŒฏ็Ž‡็š„ๅŒฏ็Ž‡่จผๆ˜Žๅ…ทๆœ‰ๆฑบๅฎšๆ€งใ€‚็‚บ้ฟๅ…็–‘ๅ•๏ผŒ้ฆ–

ๅ‰ๆœช่ขซไธ€่ˆฌๆŽฅๅ—ไฝฟ็”จ)๏ผŒๆˆ–ๅช่ƒฝ็ถ“็”ฑไธ€ๅ€‹ๅœจ็›ธ้—œๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ๅ‡บ็‰ˆๆ—ฅๆ˜‚่ฒดไธๅˆ็†

่ฟฐไฟ็ฎกๆœŸ้™ๅ…ง้ ˜ๅ–ๆ‹่ณฃๆจ™็š„๏ผŒ่ฒทๅ—ไบบ้ ˆๆ‰ฟๆ“”ๆ‹่ณฃๆจ™็š„ๆฏไปถๆฏๅคฉ50ๆธฏๅนฃ็š„ไฟ็ฎก่ฒป็”จใ€‚

ๆˆ–ๅฏฆ้š›ไธๅฏ่กŒๆˆ–ๅฏ่ƒฝๆœƒๅฐๆ‹่ณฃๅ“้€ ๆˆๆๅฎณ็š„้Ž็จ‹ไบˆไปฅ่ญ‰ๆ˜Žใ€‚

10.9 ่ฒทๅฎถๆˆ–ๅ…ถๆŽˆๆฌŠไปฃ่กจ็„ก่ซ–ไปปไฝ•ๅŽŸๅ› ๆœชๆ–ผ่‡ชๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ่ตท(ไฝ†ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ)็š„ 21ๅ€‹ๆ—ฅๆ›†ๆ—ฅ้ ˜ๅ–่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡ไธๅฐ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆๅฃžๆˆ–ๆๅคฑ่ฒ ่ฒฌ๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–

่ณฃๆœ‰ๆ›ธ้ข็ด„ๅฎš๏ผŒๅŒๆ„่ฉฒ่ฒทๅฎถไปฅๆธฏๅนฃไปฅๅค–็š„่ฒจๅนฃๆ”ฏไป˜ๆฌ ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ๏ผๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—

่ƒฝๆŒๆœ‰ไธๅŒๆ„่ฆ‹๏ผ›ๆˆ–

้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่กŒ็š„ๅ‚ตๅ‹™ๆˆ–ๅฐๅง”ๆ‰˜ไบบ็š„ๅ‚ตๅ‹™๏ผ‰๏ผŒ้‚„ๆ˜ฏไพๆ“š็ฌฌ10.6ๆข่ฆๅฎšๆœชๆไพ›่ƒฝไฝฟ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ ่กŒๆปฟๆ„็š„ๆ–‡ไปถๆๆ–™่€Œ่‡ดไฝฟ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ่กŒๆ‹’็ต•่ฒทๅ—ไบบ้ ˜ๅ–ๆ‹่ณฃๆจ™็š„๏ผŒๅช่ฆ่ฒทๅ—ไบบๆœชๅœจไธŠ

็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็Ÿฅ้“็š„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅŠ่ฒทๅฎถ็š„ๆœ€ๅพŒๅœฐๅ€ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไปปไฝ•ๅ…ถไป–็ถ“ๅธธๆ€ง็š„ๅœฐๅ€ใ€‚

17.4 ไปปไฝ•ๆŸฅ้–ฒๅŠ/ๆˆ–ๆ›ดๆญฃๆœ‰ๆ„็ซถๆŠ•่€…ใ€็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ฒทๅฎถ็š„ๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™๏ผŒๆˆ–็ฒๅพ—้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„

็†็š„่ฒป็”จใ€‚

(iii)ๅฆ‚ๆŸฅ้–ฒๆˆ–ๆ›ดๆญฃ็š„่ฆๆฑ‚่ขซๆ‹’็ต•ๆˆ–ๅœจ40ๅคฉ

ๅ†…็„กๆณ•่ขซ็ทจ็บ‚๏ผŒ่ขซๆไพ›็†็”ฑใ€‚

ๆถˆไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ณผ่ฒท:

็‚บๆบ–ใ€‚

ๅ“กๅทฅ(ๅƒ…็•ถ้€ฒ่กŒ้›†ๅœ˜็š„ๆฅญๅ‹™ๆ™‚)๏ผ›(iii)ไปปไฝ•ไปฃ็†ไบบ๏ผŒๆ‰ฟๅŒ…ๅ•†๏ผŒ็ฌฌไธ‰ๆœๅ‹™ๆไพ›่€…ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–

10.4.2 ๅœจๅฆไธ€ๅ€‹ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ้‡ๆ–ฐๅ‡บๅ”ฎ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“๏ผ›

18.10 ่‹ฅๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพ็š„่‹ฑๆ–‡ใ€ไธญๆ–‡ๅŠ/ๆˆ–้Ÿ“ๆ–‡็‰ˆๆœฌ้–“ๆœ‰ไปปไฝ•ไธๆธ…ๆฅšๆˆ–่ชคๅทฎไน‹่™•๏ผŒไปฅ่‹ฑๆ–‡็‰ˆ

ๆˆ–่ชคๅทฎ๏ผŒไฝ†ๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๆญค้กž่ชชๆ˜Žไธฆไธ่กจ็คบ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆฒ’ๆœ‰็‘•็–ตๆˆ–่ชคๅทฎใ€‚็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๆ‡‰่ฒ ่ฒฌ่‡ช่กŒ่ชฟ

ๆ—ฅ็•ถๅคฉโ€็พๆ™‚โ€็‹€ๆณๅ‡บๅ”ฎใ€‚ๆ‹่ณฃๅœ–้Œ„ไธŠ็š„่ชชๆ˜Žๆœ‰ๆ™‚ๅ€™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆœƒ็‰นๅˆฅๆๅˆฐๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„็‘•็–ต

ๆœŸๆ‡‰ไป˜็š„่ฒป็”จ๏ผ›

้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ใ€‚

17.2 ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๅ€‹ไบบ่ณ‡ๆ–™ๅฐ‡่ขซไฟๅฏ†๏ผŒไฝ†ๅ–ๆฑบๆ–ผไปปไฝ•้ฉ็”จๆณ•ๅพ‹็š„่ฆๅฎš๏ผŒๅฏ่ƒฝๆœƒๅ‘ไปปไฝ•ไปฅไธ‹็š„ๅ…ฌๅธ

10.4 ๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่€Œ่จ€๏ผŒๅฆ‚ๆžœ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)ๆœชๆ–ผ่‡ชๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ”ฎๅ‡บๆ—ฅ่ตท(

13.2 ๅœจๆณ•ๅพ‹ๅ…่จฑ็š„็ฏ„ๅœๅ…ง๏ผŒ็„ก่ซ–่ฒทๅฎถๆ˜ฏๅฆ่ฆช่‡ชๅƒๅŠ ๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒ๏ผŒๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ‡ๆ‡‰ไปฅๅ…ถๅœจๅ‡บๅ”ฎ

ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„ไปปไฝ•ไป˜ๆฌพใ€‚

็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็„ก็พฉๅ‹™่ณ ๅ„Ÿๅ› ๅŒฏ็Ž‡ๆณขๅ‹•ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅŽŸๅ› ่€Œๅผ•่ตท็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆๅคฑใ€‚

14.6 ่‹ฅๆœ‰้•ๅๅฐฑๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„ๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰็š„ๆƒ…ๆณ๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡ๅ–ๆถˆ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„่ฒท่ณฃ๏ผŒๅฐ‡้€€้‚„่ฒท

ๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธ‹็š„ไปปไฝ•ไป˜ๆฌพ๏ผŒๅฆ‚ๆžœไป˜ๆฌพๅˆฐๆœŸๆ—ฅ็‚บ้ž็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅ๏ผŒๅ‰‡็ทŠ่ทŸ็š„ไธ‹ไธ€ๅ€‹

14.7 ่‹ฅๆœ‰้•ๅๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰็š„ๆƒ…ๆณ๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅŠ/ๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถ็š„ๅ”ฏไธ€ๅƒ…ๆœ‰็š„่ฃœๆ•‘่พฆๆณ•็‚บๅ– ๆถˆ่ฒท่ณฃไธฆ้€€้‚„่ฒทๅฎถๅทฒๆ”ฏไป˜็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“่ฒทๅ…ฅๅƒนใ€‚็„ก่ซ–้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถๅ‡ไธ่ฒ ่ฒฌไปปไฝ•็‰นๆฎŠ

18.3 ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธ‹็š„ไปปไฝ•ๅŠๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌพ้ …ๅ‡้ ˆๆŒ‰ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไปฅ ๆธ…ๆฅš็ต็ฎ—็š„็พ้‡‘ๆˆ–ๅŒ็ญ‰็‰ฉๆ”ฏไป˜๏ผŒๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ้›ปๅŒฏใ€็พ้‡‘ๆ”ฏ็ฅจๅŠ/ๆˆ–้Š€่กŒๆ’ฅๆฌพๅ–ฎใ€‚ๅฐฑๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃ

ๅฎถๅฐฑ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆ”ฏไป˜็š„่ฒทๅ…ฅๅƒนใ€‚

่ฉฒๆๅฃžๆˆ–ๆๅคฑๆ˜ฏๅฆ‚ไฝ•้€ ๆˆ็š„ใ€‚

194

ๅ›žๆข)้€ไบคๅˆฐ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ไธ‹ๅˆ—ๅœฐๅ€(ๅœจๆ”ถๅˆฐๆ™‚่ฆ–็‚บๅทฒๆœ‰ๆ•ˆ้€้”):

15.1 ๅœจไธๆไธŠ่ฟฐ็ฌฌ13ๆขๅŠ/ๆˆ–14ๆข็š„ๆƒ…ๆณไธ‹๏ผŒ็ซถๆŠ•่€…ๆˆ–่ฒทๅฎถๅฐฑไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๆ นๆ“šๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆข ๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ๅ‡บ็พ็š„ๆˆ–่ˆ‡ๆญคๆœ‰้—œ็š„ๅฐ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅ’Œ/ๆˆ–่ณฃๅฎถๆๅ‡บ๏ผŒไปปไฝ•ๆฑ‚ๅ„Ÿ็š„ๅ”ฏไธ€

่ณฃๆœƒไธŠ่ฒทๅ…ฅ็š„ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ใ€ๆˆไบคๅƒนใ€่ฒทๆ–นๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘ๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปปไฝ•่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จ็š„็™ผ็ฅจ๏ผš

ไปปไฝ•้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃไธๆ™‚ไปฅๆ›ธ้ข้€š็Ÿฅๅฏ่ƒฝ่ฆๆฑ‚็š„่ฃœๅ……ๆ–‡ไปถใ€‚

10.1 ๅฆ‚ๆžœ่ฒทๅฎถ่ฆช่‡จๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒๅ ด๏ผŒ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๅฐ‡ๅ‘่ฒทๅฎถ็ฐฝ็™ผไธ€ไปฝๆˆ–ๅคšไปฝ่จปๆ˜Žๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–

ๅญ้ƒตไปถ(้šจๅพŒไปฅ้š”ๅคœๅฟซ้žๆœๅ‹™้€ไบคๆญฃๆœฌ)ๆˆ–ๆŽ›่™Ÿๆˆ–็ถ“่ช่ญ‰็š„้ƒตไปถ(้ ๅ…ˆๆ”ฏไป˜้ƒต็ฅจใ€่ฆๆฑ‚

15 ๆœ‰้™่ฒฌไปป

12.1.1 ๅฐ่ฉฒๆ‹่ณฃๅพŒ้Šทๅ”ฎๅ“ๅœจๅ—็›ธ้—œๅบ•ๅƒน็š„้™ๅˆถไธ‹ๆŽฅๅ—ๆ›ธ้ข็ซถๆŠ•๏ผ›ไธฆ

10 ่ฒทๅ…ฅๅƒน็š„ๆ”ฏไป˜ๅŠๆ‹่ณฃๅ“็š„้žไบค

ๅ…ถไป–่ฏ็ตกๅพ€ไพ†ๅ‡้ ˆไปฅๆ›ธ้ขไธฆ็”จ่‹ฑๆ–‡ไฝœๆˆ๏ผŒไธฆๆ‡‰ไปฅ่ฆช่‡ช้ž้€ใ€้š”ๅคœๅฟซ้žๆœๅ‹™ใ€้™„ๆœ‰็ขบ

่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไปปไฝ•่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆ”ฏไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒป็”จใ€‚

้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธ‹่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆ”ฏไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ(ๆœฌ่บซๅŠ/ๆˆ–ไปฃ่กจ่จ—ๅ”ฎไบบ)็š„่ฒป็”จ๏ผŒ

18.6 ๅ‘้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็™ผๅ‡บ็š„ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …ไธ‹็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰้€š็Ÿฅใ€่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ€ๆฑ‚ๅ„Ÿใ€่ฆๆฑ‚ๅŠ ่ชๅ–ฎ็š„ๅ‚ณ็œŸ(้šจๅพŒไปฅ้š”ๅคœๅฟซ้žๆœๅ‹™้€ไบคๆญฃๆœฌ)๏ผŒ็”ฑ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๅ›ž่ฆ†้›ป้ƒต็ขบ่ชๆ”ถๅˆฐ็š„้›ป

12.1 ๅฆ‚ๆžœไปปไฝ•ๆ‹่ณฃๅ“ๅ› ็‚บๅœจๆŸๆ‹่ณฃๆœƒไธŠๆฒ’ๆœ‰ๅ‡บๅƒน้”ๅˆฐๆˆ–่ถ…้Žๅ…ถๅบ•ๅƒน่€Œๆฒ’ๆœ‰่ณฃๅ‡บ(โ€œๆ‹่ณฃ

(ๆธฏๅนฃ12,000,000ๅ…ƒ โ€“ ๆธฏๅนฃ8,000,000ๅ…ƒ) ร— 12%็š„็ธฝๅ’Œใ€‚

็ฏ„ๅœๅ…งไปๆŒ็บŒๆœ‰ๆ•ˆไธฆๅฏ่ขซๅŸท่กŒใ€‚

ไฝ•ๆฌŠๅˆฉ่ฝ‰็ตฆไปปไฝ•็ฌฌไธ‰ๆ–นใ€‚

(i) ๅฆ‚ ๆžœๆˆไบคๅƒน็‚บๆธฏๅนฃ300,000ๅ…ƒ๏ผŒ่ฒทๅฎถๆ”ฏไป˜็š„้…ฌ้‡‘ๅฐ‡็‚บๆธฏๅนฃ54,000ๅ…ƒ(ๆธฏๅนฃ300,000

9.2

่กŒ๏ผŒ่ฉฒ้ƒจๅˆ†ๅฏ่ขซๆŽ’้™ค๏ผŒไฝ†ๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …็š„ๅ‰ฉ้ค˜้ƒจไปฝๅœจๆณ•ๅพ‹ๅ…่จฑ็š„ๆœ€ๅคง

12 ๆ‹่ณฃๅพŒ้Šทๅ”ฎ

่ˆ‡ๆˆไบคๅƒน่ถ…ๅ‡บๆธฏๅนฃ8,000,000ๅ…ƒ็š„่ถ…ๅ‡บ้ƒจๅˆ†็š„12%็š„็ธฝๅ’Œใ€‚

18.5 ๅฆ‚ๆžœ็ถ“ไปปไฝ•ๆณ•้™ข่ฃๆฑบๆœฌๆ‹่ณฃๆขๆฌพๅŠ/ๆˆ–้‡่ฆไบ‹้ …็š„ไปปไฝ•้ƒจๅˆ†็„กๆ•ˆใ€ไธๅˆๆณ•ๆˆ–็„กๆณ•ๅŸท

14.8 ่ฒทๅฎถๅฐ‡ไธๅ‡บ่ฎ“ๆˆ–่ฝ‰่ฎ“ๆœ‰้™ไฟ่ญ‰ไธ‹็š„ๅˆฉ็›Šใ€‚้™ค้ž่ฒทๅฎถ่ˆ‡้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃๆœ‰ๆ›ธ้ข็ด„ๅฎš๏ผŒๅชๆœ‰

ๅƒน่ถ…ๅ‡บๆธฏๅนฃ400,000ๅ…ƒไฝ†ไธ่ถ…้Žๆธฏๅนฃ8,000,000ๅ…ƒ(ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌๆญค้‡‘้ก)้ƒจไปฝ็š„15%๏ผŒ

่ฉฒ็ญ‰็จ…ๆฌพใ€‚

็Ž‡ๆณขๅ‹•ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅŽŸๅ› ่€Œๅผ•่ตท็š„ไปปไฝ•ๆๅคฑใ€‚

9.1

ๆ˜ฏ้ฆ™ๆธฏๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅœฐๆ–นๅพตๆ”ถ็š„)ใ€‚่ฒทๅฎถ่ฒ ่ฒฌๆ นๆ“š็›ธ้—œๆณ•ๅพ‹ๆ‰€่ฆๆฑ‚็š„็จ…็Ž‡ๅŠ็นณ็จ…ๆ™‚้–“็นณไบค

็‡Ÿๆฅญๆ—ฅ็‚บไป˜ๆฌพๅˆฐๆœŸๆ—ฅใ€‚

18.4 ่ฒทๅฎถๆ‡‰ๆ”ฏไป˜็ตฆ้ฆ–็ˆพๆ‹่ณฃ็š„ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆฌพ้ …ไธๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌไปปไฝ•่ฒจ็‰ฉๆˆ–ๆœๅ‹™็จ…้ …ๆˆ–ๅ…ถไป–ๅขžๅ€ผ็จ…(็„ก่ซ–

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๊ฒฝ๋งค ์•ฝ๊ด€ 1 ๋ชฉ์  1.1 ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด (์ดํ•˜ โ€œ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€โ€์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ (์ดํ•˜ โ€œ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค)์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ทœ์œจํ•จ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1.1.1 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ํ™์ฝฉ๋ฒ•์ธ (์ดํ•˜ โ€œ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜โ€์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค)์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ; 1.1.2 ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ ๋“ฑ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์‘์ฐฐ ์‹ ์ฒญ ๋ฐ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1.1.3 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๋ฐ ๋งค๋„์ธ๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ. 2 ์ •์˜ 2.1 โ€œ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งคโ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.2 โ€œ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋กโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜๋Š”, ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋„๋ก์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.3 โ€œ๊ฒฝ๋งค์ผโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์ด ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๋ถ€์ณ์ง€๋Š” ์ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.4 โ€œ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„โ€์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.5 โ€œ์‘์ฐฐ์žโ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์‘์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์‘์ฐฐ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ™•์ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.6 โ€œ์˜์—…์ผโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€ ํ† ์š”์ผ, ์ผ์š”์ผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™์ฝฉ ๊ณตํœด์ผ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์›”๋ ฅ์ผ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.7 โ€œ๋‚™์ฐฐ์žโ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.8 โ€œ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ฒ ํšŒ๋น„โ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€์˜ 30%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.9 โ€œ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ / ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํŒ๋งค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ถœํ•œ ํ™˜์ „์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ, ๋ณด๊ด€๋ฃŒ, ํฌ์žฅ, ์ธ๋„ ๋ฐ ์šด์†ก๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๊ธˆ, ๊ฒฝ๋น„, ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.10 โ€œ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒโ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋งค๋งค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.11 โ€œ์œ„ํƒ์žโ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ ์ด์ „์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์ถœํ’ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ์œ„ํƒ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.12 โ€œ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€โ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.13 โ€œ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€โ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ด‰์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ํŒจ๋“ค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ™•์ •๋œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‘์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.14 โ€œ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€โ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€์— ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.15 โ€œ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€โ€๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ด์ „์—, (๋งŒ์•ฝ ์œ„ํƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋„์ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋งค๋„์ธ๊ณผ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ฐ„์— ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜๋œ, ๋˜๋Š” (๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๋งค๋„์ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ตœ์ €๋งค๋„๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.16 โ€œ๋งค๋„์ธโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ, ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ์˜†์— โ€œโˆ†โ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์„, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 3 ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๋งค๋„์ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ„ํƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ๋งคํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์œ„ํƒ์ž(์ฆ‰, ๋งค๋„์ธ)์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ–‰์œ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋งค๋งค ๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ ๋งค๋„์ธ๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๊ฐ„์— ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. 4 ์ „์‹œํšŒ 4.1 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์ถœํ’ˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋Š” ๊ณต์ค‘์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ „์‹œํšŒ์—์˜ ์ž…์žฅ ์ด์ „์— ์ „์‹œํšŒ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์‹ ์›ํ™•์ธ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 4.2 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ์ „์‹œํšŒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ, ์ผ์‹œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ณต์ง€ ์—†์ด, ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ทจ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ, ์ผ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๋ถ€์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 5 ์‘์ฐฐ ๋“ฑ๋ก ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ ์ด์ „์— ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์ƒ, ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‘์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ„ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‘์ฐฐ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์™€ ์ด์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‘์ฐฐ ๋“ฑ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์‘์ฐฐ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ณผ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ ์‹ ์ฒญ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ณผ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์œ„ ๋“ฑ๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒญ์˜ ๋ถˆ์‹œํ–‰, ์ง€์—ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ ๋“ฑ๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ / ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 6 ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€ 6.1 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€์™€ ๋†’์€ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™์ฝฉ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์›ํ™”๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ธ์‡„๋ฌผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‹นํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณต์ง€ ์—†์ด ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ด์ „์— ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜

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๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์‹ค๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 6.2 ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ๋“ฑ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์›ํ™”์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์•ˆํ™”๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์ƒ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์ง€๊ธ‰์€ ํ™์ฝฉ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ™์ฝฉ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์›ํ™”์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์•ˆํ™”๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์šฉ๋œ ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ ํ™˜์œจ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์˜ ์ธ์‡„ ์ด์ „ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ๋“ฑ์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์›ํ™”๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก๋„ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ„ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ™˜์œจ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธˆ์•ก(๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ญ)์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์›ํ™”์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ„์•ˆํ™”๋กœ์˜ ํ™˜์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 7 ๊ฒฝ๋งค์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋งค๋งค 7.1 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์˜ ์˜ˆ์ • ์ผ์‹œ, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ๋‹นํ•ด ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์˜ ์˜ˆ์ • ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ ์ด์ „์— ๊ณต์ง€์—†์ด ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ผ์‹œ, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 7.2 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์˜ ์ถœ์ž…์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, (๊ณต๊ฐœ์ž…์ฐฐ, ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ ) ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 7.3 ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์€ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€์— ๊ตฌ์†๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€๋Š” ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์„ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ, ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์„ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‘์ฐฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์„ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์ฐฐํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. 7.4 ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ, ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์€ ๋…น์Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์œ„ ๋…น์Œ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. 7.5 ์ œ7.6์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ œ7.7์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, 7.5.1 ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ ์ดˆ์ฒญ ํ›„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŒจ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์–ด ์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 7.5.2 ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์— ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. 7.5.3 ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์ง์›์€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์—์„œ ์‘์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค. 7.6 ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์œ„ ์„œ๋ฉด ์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ˆ˜๋ น, ์ˆ˜๋ น ์ง€์—ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ ์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ น๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 7.7 ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์ด ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ˆ˜๋ น๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์œ„ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์œ„ ์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์‹œํ–‰, ์ง€์—ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ ์‘์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 7.8 ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์ „ํ™”์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์€ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๋จผ์ € ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•œ ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค. 7.9 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (i) ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์ผ ์ด์ „ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ณต์ง€์—†์ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํšŒ; (ii) ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ณต์ง€์—†์ด ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์ผ๊ด„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋งค; (iii) ๊ฒฝ ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๋ถ€์ณ์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜ ํŒ๋งค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ณต์ง€์—†์ด ์žฌ๊ฐœ; (iv) ์‘ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •, ์‘์ฐฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ทจ์†Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์žฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” (v) ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ง„์œ„์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ๋‹จ๋… ํŒ๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๋ถ€์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‘์ฐฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ทจ์†Œ. ๋ณธ ์ œ7.9์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‘์ฐฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ / ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์ œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ). ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ์ด์ต ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ž์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ํ›„์†์ ์ธ ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์œจ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ƒํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 7.10 ์ œ7.2์กฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, ๋งค๋„์ธ๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋งค๋งค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ด‰์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ํŒจ๋“ค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์‘์ฐฐ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ์—, (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—, ๊ทธ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚™์ฐฐํ™•์ธ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. 7.11 ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ (i) ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ์ด ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋œ ๋‚  ๋ฐ (ii) ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ธ์ˆ˜์ผ ์ค‘ ๋จผ์ € ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์— ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ „๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ํ•˜์ž์—†์ด ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€์ œ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 7.12 ์ œ7.3์กฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์งยท๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. 8 ํ™๋ณด๋ฌผ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์„œ๋ฉด ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œ3์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ๋ณด์ฆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 9 ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ 9.1 ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตฌ๋งค ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š”: 9.1.1 ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ HKD400,000 ์ดํ•˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€์˜ 18%๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ; ๋˜๋Š” 9.1.2 ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ HKD400,000 ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ HKD400,000๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 18%; HKD 400,000 ์ดˆ๊ณผ HKD 8,000,000 ์ดํ•˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ HKD 400,000์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ 15%, HKD 8,000,000๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ HKD 8,000,000 ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ 12%๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, (i) ๋‚™ ์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€HKD 300,000์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š”HKD 54,000 (300,000ร—18%) ์ด๋‹ค. (ii) ๋‚™ ์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ HKD 12,000,000์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” HKD 1,692,000๋กœ (HKD400,000ร—18%), (HKD8,000,000-HKD400,000)ร—15%, (HKD12,000,000HKD8,000,000)ร—12%์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด๋‹ค. 9.2 ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด๋‹ค. 10 ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ธ๋„ 10.1 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก, ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€, ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์žฌํ•œ ์†ก์žฅ์„: (i) (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 24 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. (ii) (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๊ทธ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2์ผ(์˜์—…์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋“ฑ๋ก์„œ๋ฅ˜์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ํŒฉ์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์†กํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 10.2 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋งค๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ( ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. 10.2.1 ์†ก์žฅ์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ์ด๋Œ€๊ธˆ; ๋ฐ 10.2.2 ์†ก์žฅ์ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์†ก๋œ ์ดํ›„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉ. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— (๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ HKD 2,500,000 ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 21์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์—, ๋‹จ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€์˜ 30%๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์œ„ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์™„๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ด์ „์— ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ• ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 10.3 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์™€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์ƒ, (i) ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. (ii) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€(์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ œ3์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 10.4 ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด (์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ œ10์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™„๋‚ฉ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์™€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‚ฌ์ „ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์ƒ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 10.4.1 ๊ฒฝ๋งค์˜ ์ทจ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์ง€๊ธ‰์š”๊ตฌ ์‹œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐํ•œ์ด ๋„๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ฒ ํšŒ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ; 10.4.2 ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ํšŒ๋ถ€; 10.4.3 ์œ„ํƒ์ž์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” 10.4.4 ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜. ์ƒ๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ œ์กฐ์น˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 10.5 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋‹นํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ทจ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 10.5.1 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋ฉด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์ทจ์†Œ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌํ‘œ์‹œ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  10.5.2 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ฒ ํšŒ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ์œ„ ์„œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ฒ ํšŒ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋Š” ์ทจ์†Œ๋œ๋‹ค. 10.6 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ œ 10.6์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์ธ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งค์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์ธ๋„ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. 10.6.1 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ œ10์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ํ•˜์ž์—†์ด ์™„๋‚ฉ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 

10.6.2 ์„œ ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธ์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์›ํ™•์ธ ์ฆ๋ช… ๋ฐ (๊ถŒํ•œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฆ๋ช…์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. 10.7 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด ํ•˜์— ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํฌ์žฅ, ์ธ๋„ ๋ฐ ์šด์†ก๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์œ„ ํฌ์žฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์†ํ•ด๋‚˜ ์†์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 10.8 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์ผ์ด ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•œ๋‹ค(๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ทจ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์š”๊ธˆ์ œ์™ธ). ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์€ ์œ„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋œ ์ดํ›„ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์— ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ ธ ๋ณด๊ด€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€(์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ)์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์™„๋‚ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ10.6์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ ,๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋งค ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค HKD50/์ผ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ณด๊ด€๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•œ๋‹ค. 10.9 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์ด ๋‹นํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 21์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ถŒํ•œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹นํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์†ํ•ด๋‚˜ ์†์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 11 ์ˆ˜์ถœ/์ž… ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์ฆ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ๋ฐ˜์ถœ/๋ฐ˜์ž…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฉดํ—ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ (์ดํ•˜ โ€œํ—ˆ๊ฐ€โ€๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค)๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด ํ•˜์— ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ทจ๋“๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์†ก์—…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ฐ์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋งค์ˆ˜ ์ทจ์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ10์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ฐ์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์‚ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 12 ๊ฒฝ๋งค ํ›„ ์„ธ์ผ 12.1 ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์‘์ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€์— ์ด๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์ด ์œ ์ฐฐ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ (์ดํ•˜ โ€œ ๊ฒฝ๋งคํ›„๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค), ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 12.1.1 ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งคํ›„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์ •๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตฌ์†์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์„œ๋ฉด์‘์ฐฐ์˜ ์ ‘์ˆ˜; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  12.1.2 ์ œ12์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฝ. ๋‹จ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด, ๊ด€๋ จ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ12.2์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‘์ฐฐ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. 12.2 ๊ฒฝ๋งคํ›„๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ฐฐ ์‹œ, ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์ถฉ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ์œ„ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‹œ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. 12.3 ๊ฒฝ ๋งคํ›„๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋Š”, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ์œ„ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฝ์„ ํ†ต์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์†ก์žฅ์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ์ผ์ž์— ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์†ก์žฅ์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋งค๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ๊ฐ€, ๊ตฌ๋งค์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. 12.4 ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ์ œ1์กฐ, ์ œ2์กฐ, ์ œ3์กฐ, ์ œ6์กฐ, ์ œ7.2์กฐ, ์ œ7.3์กฐ, ์ œ7.6์กฐ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์ œ7.9์กฐ, ์ œ 7.11์กฐ, ์ œ7.12์กฐ, ์ œ8์กฐ, ์ œ9์กฐ, ์ œ10.2์กฐ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์ œ10.9์กฐ, ์ œ11์กฐ, ์ œ13์กฐ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์ œ19์กฐ ๋ฐ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์กฐํ•ญ์€, ๋ณธ ์ œ12์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋งคํ›„๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ์ค€์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 13 ์ง„์ˆ , ๋ณด์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ฑ…์ž„์˜ ๋ถ€์กด์žฌ 13.1 ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›, ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„œ๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋‘๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€, ์ œ๋ชฉ, ์†Œ์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด๋ž€ ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์Šน์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ 13์กฐ, ์ œ14์กฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์ œ15์กฐ์— ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ช…์‹œ์ ยท๋ฌต์‹œ์ , ๊ทœ์ •์ ยท๊ด€์Šต์ ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„์ˆ , ๋ณด์ฆ, ์กฐ๊ฑด, ๋ณด์ฆ๊ณผ ๋ช…์‹œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋œ๋‹ค ( ์ด์—๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ, ์ฒ˜๋ถ„๊ถŒ, ๋ถ„์Ÿ์—†๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ, ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ, ์ „๋งค๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ๋ชฉ์ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ์„ฑ, ์„ฑ์ƒ, ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์†์„ฑ, ์ง„ํ’ˆ, ์†Œ์žฌ, ๊ณ„๋ณด ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ  ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ฆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋‚˜ ์ด์— ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค). 13.2 ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ, (๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์†Œ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ ) ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์€ ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— โ€œ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœโ€ ์ถœํ’ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์— ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ›ผ์†์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ํ›ผ์†์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค ์ด์ „์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํ›ผ์† ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์›์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ๋“ฑ์— ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ๋“ฑ์— ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ œ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‘์ฐฐ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•œ๋‹ค. 13.3 ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 13.3.1 ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ / ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ, ๊ตฌ๋‘ ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋ฉด, ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ ๋“ฑ 13.3.2 ์‚ฌ ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ / ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž‘์œ„ 14 ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ 14.1 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€, ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ์ฒซ ์ค„์— ๊ตต๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‡„๋œ ํ‘œ์ œ์‚ฌํ•ญ ( ์ดํ•˜ โ€œํ‘œ์ œ ์‚ฌํ•ญโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค) (๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ์— ์ „์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ํŒ๋งค์‹ค ๊ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ, ์œ„ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค (์ดํ•˜ โ€œ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค). 14.2 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 3๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋ณธ ์ œ14์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ (์ดํ•˜์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋œ)

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์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ๋ฉด์„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์ƒ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ ์˜๋ฌด ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค (์ดํ•˜ โ€œ๋ณด์ฆ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„โ€์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค). ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 14.3 ์ œ14.2์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ถ”๊ถํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” (i) ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ /ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•ˆ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 3๊ฐœ์›” ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ, ๊ฒฝ๋งค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์™€ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์žฌํ•œ ์„œ๋ฉด (์ดํ•˜ โ€œ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์„œ๋ฉดโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค)์„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , (ii) ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ํŒ๋งค ๋‹น์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์ผ์€ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 14.4 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์™€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ์„œ๋ฉด ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๊ตฌ์†๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 14.5 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. 14.5.1 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ผ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๊ด€๋ จ ํ‘œ์ œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ํ•™์ž ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ; 14.5.2 ๊ด€ ๋ จ ํ‘œ์ œ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ž ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค์žฅ ์ „์‹œ๋œ ํŒ๋งค์‹ค ๊ณต์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ; ๋˜๋Š” 14.5.3 ๊ฒฝ ๋งค๋„๋ก์˜ ์ถœํŒ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ํ›ผ์†์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. 14.6 ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™˜๋ถˆํ•œ๋‹ค. 14.7 ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์ œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์˜ ์ทจ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ์ด์ต ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ž์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ›„์†์ ์ธ ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌธ์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์œจ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ƒํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 14.8 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›์€ ์ด์ต์„ ์–‘๋„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ, ์†ก์žฅ์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ƒ์†์ธ๋งŒ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋ณด์ฆ ์ƒ์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์œ„ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ƒ์†์ธ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ด์ต์„ ์ œ3์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 15 ์ œํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„ 15.1 ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์ œ13์กฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์ œ14์กฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์ œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด์ต ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ž์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ, ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ›„์†์ ์ธ ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌธ์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์œจ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ƒํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 15.2 ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜, ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›, ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ž‘์œ„โ€ข๋ถ€์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌ๋ง ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์  ์†ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 16 ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • 16.1 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์•ฝ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์€ ๊ฐœ์ •์˜ ํšจ๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ผ 7 ์›”๋ ฅ์ผ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1 ์›”๋ ฅ์ผ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ฒซ ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. 16.2 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋„๋ก ์ƒ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํŒ๋งค์‹ค์— ๊ฒŒ์žฌ๋œ๋‹ค. 17 ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ด€๋ จ 17.1 ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž, ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์„œ์˜ ์‘์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋งค๋งค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (i) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํ™๋ณด์™€ ์ œ๊ณต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ; (ii) ํ™์ฝฉ ์•ˆํŒŽ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์ „; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” (iii) ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒ•๋ น, ๊ทœ์น™, ๋ฒ•์›๋ช…๋ น ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ง€์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชฉ์ . 17.2 ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ณด์œ ๋˜๋‚˜, ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ํ™์ฝฉ ๋‚ด์™ธ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (i) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์‚ฌ, ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ, ์ง€์ฃผํšŒ์‚ฌ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์—ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ (์ดํ•˜ ๊ฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” โ€œ๊ณ„์—ด ํšŒ์‚ฌโ€๋ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด๋Š” โ€œ๊ทธ๋ฃนโ€์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค); (ii) ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์› ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผ์šฉ์ธ; (iii) ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ, ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž, ์ œ3 ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰์ •, ํ†ต์‹ , ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ๋ณดํ—˜, ์šด์†ก, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์šด์˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ; (iv) ์‹ ์šฉ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํ•œ์ด์ต์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค ์‹œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๊ธˆํšŒ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๊ด€; (v) ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๋ฐ€์œ ์ง€์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” (vi) ๋ฒ•๋ น, ๊ทœ์น™, ๋ฒ•์›๋ช…๋ น ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ง€์‹œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์ •๋ณด๊ณต๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ. 17.3 ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฉด์ œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž, ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ œ17.3(i)์กฐ ์™€ ์ œ17.3(ii)์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ๊ทธ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 40์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. (i) ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ž…์ˆ˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ; (ii) ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ • ์ฒญ๊ตฌ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” (iii) ์ •๋ณด ์ž…์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ •์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 40์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ œ๊ณต/์ •์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์˜ ์ œ๊ณต. 17.4 ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž, ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ž…์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ •, ํ˜น์€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ก€ ๋ฐ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ 18.6์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์ •๋ณด ์ž…์ˆ˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

198

17.5 ์‘์ฐฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž, ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ์œ„ ๋ฒ•์ธ์ด ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ •๋ณด์ฃผ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ง€ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์  ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ( ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ์ •๋ณด์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ œ์™ธ) ์œ„ ๋ฒ•์ธ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์œ„ ๋ฒ•์ธ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‘์ฐฐ๋“ฑ๋ก์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…๋‚ ์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ: (i) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ฃผ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ œ17.1์กฐ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ†ต์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , (ii) ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ (i)์— ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ํ†ต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†์‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. 18 ๊ธฐํƒ€ 18.1 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ์ž…๊ธฐ์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ฉ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚ฉ์ž…๊ธฐ์ผ(๋ถˆ์‚ฐ์ž…)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋Œ€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ๋œ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚ฉ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ (์‚ฐ์ž…)๊นŒ์ง€ (์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ๋‹จ๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ) ์ตœ๊ณ  ์›” 2%์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ์ด์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. 18.2 ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ง€๊ธ‰์€ ํ™์ฝฉ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™์ฝฉ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ตํ™”๋กœ(์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋กœ์„œ) ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ™์ฝฉ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ตํ™”๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜๊ณผ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์€ํ–‰์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋น„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ „์€ ์ง€๊ธ‰์ผ์— ํ™์ฝฉ์ƒํ•˜์ด์€ํ–‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ํ™์ฝฉ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ™˜์œจ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ„ ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ์ฆ๋ช…์€ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌธ์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ํ™˜์œจ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์†์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 18.3 ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ง€๊ธ‰์€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ขŒ์ด์ฒด, ์ˆ˜ํ‘œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์€ํ–‰๊ณ„์ •์†ก๊ธˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•˜์ž์—†์ด ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ง€๊ธ‰์€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทธ ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์ผ์ด ์˜์—…์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์—…์ผ์ด ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์ผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค. 18.4 ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์€ (ํ™์ฝฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋œ) ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ธ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์„ธ ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ์œจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 18.5 ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฌดํšจ, ์œ„๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ํ–‰๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ์ด ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง‘ํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 18.6 ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต์ง€, ์š”์ฒญ, ์ฒญ๊ตฌ, ์š”๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์‹ ์€ ์˜๋ฌธ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ˜•์‹์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธํŽธ, ํŠน๊ธ‰์šฐํŽธ, ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ™•์ธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒจ๋ถ€๋œ ํŒฉ์Šค (ํŠน๊ธ‰์šฐํŽธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์›๋ณธ์˜ ์†ก๋ถ€), ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ต์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ (ํŠน๊ธ‰์šฐํŽธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์›๋ณธ์˜ ์†ก๋ถ€) ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ ์šฐํŽธ (์„ ๋ถˆ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ˆ˜์ฆ ์š”์ฒญ)์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค (๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„๋‹ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ–‰ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค). ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์ข…๋กœ๊ตฌ ํ‰์ฐฝ๋™ 98 ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ:02) 395 0330 ํŒฉ์Šค: 02)395 0338 ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ: info@seoulauction.com ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๋ฐ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋“ฑ๋ก์„œ๋ฅ˜์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์†ก๋œ๋‹ค. 18.7 ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ์ผ์‹œ, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์—์„œ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค. 18.8 ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ์™„์ „ ์ดํ–‰์„ ๋ฉด์ œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ, ๊ถŒํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ „์ฒด์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰์‚ฌ, ๋ถˆํ–‰์‚ฌ, ์ง€์—ฐํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฌด์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ธฐํ•œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ, ๊ถŒํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์นจํ•ด, ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›„์† ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์† ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 18.9 ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐœ์ •๋œ, ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•์— ๋‚ดํฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์„œ๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋‘ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง„์ˆ  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด์ฆ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋„ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์ด ํ•ฉ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 18.10 ์˜๋ฌธ, ์ค‘๋ฌธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์šฐ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 19 ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ• 19.1 ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์€ ํ™์ฝฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ /๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์Ÿ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์†Œ์†ก์€ ํ™์ฝฉ๋ฒ•์›์— ์ „์†์  ๊ด€ํ• ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋งค์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋Š” ๋‹นํ•ด ๊ด€ํ•  ๋ฒ•์›์ด ๋ถ€์ ์ •ํ•œ ์žฌํŒ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ด์˜๊ถŒ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์€ ํ™์ฝฉ๋ฒ•์› ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•์›์— ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘์ฐฐ์ž ๋ฐ ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž๋Š” ์žฌํŒ์˜ ์†ก๋‹ฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒฉ์Šค, ์ธํŽธ, ์šฐํŽธ, ๋˜๋Š” ํ™์ฝฉ๋ฒ•, ์†ก๋‹ฌ์žฅ์†Œ์ง€๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ด€ํ• ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์†ก๋‹ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์˜ฅ์…˜์— ํ†ต์ง€๋œ ์‘์ฐฐ์ž, ๋‚™์ฐฐ์ž์˜ ์ตœํ›„์ฃผ์†Œ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ์˜ ์†ก๋‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทจ์†Œ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.



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