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%0 $ 5 ภJ5 ภ" B/, “To Address the Dust of the Dust Under the Soles of the Royal Feet: A Reflection on the Political Dimension of Thai Court Language,â€? Asian Review 6 (1992): 146.

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3 4

Vernon Bogdanor, The Monarchy and the Constitution (Oxford: Clarendon, 1995). Bogdanor, The Monarchy, 302.

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*+ %# ภ" 0 " F % $ ; 0 ภ"*> 0 ภ*+ + " $ & ภ0 $*> ภ# ) ภ: “ * " ภ5 " / " F?"" 1 > ภJ5 ภ5 " / ? $" ภ" %# ? " ภ"$"'ภ5 ? * ภ" *+ ภ0 * ? # ภ5 " / $D11 $C @ 0 $. # ภภ" # 0 *+ "&*> ? 5 $" ภ" " *%" + # â€? $" > ? $ภ%0 “> %" â€? * " F?"" 1 27 & 2475 " " G 0 % 1* ภ" " ภ5 " > ภ/ (E' ภภ" " % > ?"" " F *+ " ภ$ ) ภภ" "" 0 " ภ5 " / ภJ5 " F?"" 1( " ภ" & ภ5 " / ) $" ภB “ 0 * $" B $. $" > > â€? G *> 0 $" > > $" ภภ5 " / G " 5A" %@ ภ"" ภ"" 5A" B ) ภภ5 " / ภ* ภ"% # ภ" F %@ " 5A" $. G G " 5A" %@ ภ"" ภ" " 5A"ภ* %" "ภ+ ภภภ" # ภ%@ ภ"" ภ"" 5A" $. G ภ0 ภภ" 0 5

Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution (1867; reprint, Glasgow: Fontana/Collins, 1963), 111.

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0 ก % 0 ก " F * @ *+1 * %@ ก"" ก "" 5A" $. G ก ก " * + % $. " >ก "> ก0 ก" * " ก %@ " 5A" ก % ,Dก*,- ก " > 0 ก + 0 " 0 + % " ) $ก"@/ ? G ก5 ) " 0 + ก" F " $. > ก % " $" > ? $ก "" ก 0 " *> "0

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" > " "& ก " B ' ># " > $. ก> % ) + %# / * 6 / % > %# $" > ? $ก + $- ก " # ' * 0 + + ก" F ก ก ก $ ก 0 ก $ " ก % > ?"" " F / & ก $. + > 6 $. + # " F $ $" ) $" > ? $ก ก + " &' "# " ) 0 % 1; # " F กก ? ก " " %/ + " > 0 ก $ ก5 @ " > " " ) + % " >ก " ก "$"'ก5 + "# + # + + > ก " 5 *+ ก" " *+1 ก ) ( B ก ก * ก + ' " F ก $" " " %# # ") 5ก"" ก ก) 5 6,000 " " "# $. ก5 " /* ก " " % @ ) "" > ก + ( ก ก "$N $" $. % / " + ก " ก กJ5 " ก " F?"" 1( & "ก $. $ * 5@/ /* # " ก # # ก 2475 " % + ' ก "# " > ก

6

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""@ * Thak Chaloemtiarana, ed., Thai Politics, 1932-1957 (Bangkok: Social Science Association of Thailand, 1978), 25.

%" & + ภ" F?"" 1 $. * #

ภ%" ) + 0 > " 7 % %@ " 5A"" " ภ" "ภE ภ> %0 " >ภภภ$" B+"# " > /ภG " F?"" 1( & " " * # ? % ภ% ภ" *+1 %0 $" " "" " 1ภ5 " / % $. " > ?"" " > ) *> ) + " ? : King Prajadhipok, the great power of the world‌a great in the sun’s dynasty who is god’s beloved; a pure descendant of the kings who are warriors; the great man of the royal family; the king of the world‌strict in monarchical morality code with incomparable power of merit‌full of merit from the former life, and incarnation of god‌clever in war strategy and with quick and errorless decision‌the protector, the observer of the Buddhist precepts and respecter of the three gems.

8

* + "ภภ5 " /& ภภ* & ภ&' ภภ2475 “ 0 ? $ ภ$ > > â€? “ " + ภ5 " / G $. $" + " F " *> 0 % * 11 + " F?"" 1( â€? ภ5 " / ภ5@/) $" @ + $" ภ" %# “ " $. ? ภ$. G 0 0 " B â€? $. % “B ภM ? M G * â€? @ ># " B/ > + ' $& ภภ+ # ภ" # ภ" # B/*+ $. $ ภA @ R " $6 2467 $. $" ภภ" # " > B/ ภ" ) ( W ภ"@/ " F?"" 1ภ0 + 0 ภ5 " / ภJ5 ภ5 " / “ " *> 0 11 G %0 0 % + > G " 5A"â€? “ " *> 0 " + "G %@ " F " â€? “ 0 ภ"G B â€? %/ภ" ; + ภ$. # + ' ภ5 " / ภ5 " / 0

* $C %# ภ" " F " " >ภ"" $V $V $" > *+ % + > " ภA+ G * ภJ5 0 + *+1 ภ" ภ$" ? " F $. G " G > + ภภ"ภ" 0 ; ภ5 " / ภภภ5 " / % 0 * ภ" $" ภB ( ภ( $" ภB %" " $ภ" 0 ? 11 &' ภ" ภ5 " /ภ" * %/$" ภ" F %@ ภ"" ภ"" 5A"& ภ$ ># *+ $. E' % " ) $ภ"@/ $. $" ? ภ% ( > %" E' $. G ># ภ" F " " F " ภ5 " / $. G * + % + > ภ" "& # ภ* ,-

7

Scott Barme, Luang Wichit Wathakan and the Creation of a Thai Identity (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1993), 72.

8

Thak, ed., Thai Politics, 96.

" + "+"# 11 9 ภภ0 * ภ"& ภ" ภภ* ,- * 7 ? % " F?"" 1ภ" ภ" ( ( *+1 ) $" + ' $. ภ"234 2 0 ภ5 " /ภ%# ' %" " > / $. %" "ภ$ " > ? $ภภA " %"# B G 0 %@ " 5A"& ภ? $ + # & " ภภ" % " > B / " " > ) 5 0 +" & %0 % "* %0 $" ภB( "ภ" ภ" “ " + ภ5 " /* " > B/ ภ" " " B B/ 0 ภ0 % ภ+ * > " %/â€? $" > ? $ภ' * % @ ภ“ " " > ) 5 ภ( " > B/ ภ" â€? ภ“ + ' 0 *+ ( E E' * %# * %0 " " > ) 5 ภภ&' " + ภ5 " / " " B B/ + " > B/ ภ" 0 ภ" % " 1ภ+ ภ$. "# " ..... ภภ" 0 ภ$. ภ" ภ" ภ*+ + ภ?"" * + * ...ภ" 10 " % G ( ># > *+ ? "@> ># * ภâ€? " ภภ$" > ? $ +"# " " F?"" 1 0 &' % G G % & ภ5 " / + ภ10 ? % 2475 " F?"" 1( & "( "ภภ" ภ" $" ภB*> * " ภ& %@ G ภภ" " ภ" ภ5 " / “ " %/ " )$" *+ $" ภB " >ภ" "# + " " 5A" ภ" " " > " F?"" 1 # " > @ ภ" " F $. + # $" BB # ;.... " " >$" %/ " F?"" 1 + " > @ ภ" ' " ภ"

" " > ภภภ" " %/ â€? # + B ""5*+ + * " >ภ& % & ภ&# $. / " $" > ? $ /

ภภ"$C + ภ" ภ" " " > ภ" >ภ% 0 " %@ " 5A" & ภ+ $ 20 % * G " 5A" % ภ" ภ&' ภ% ภ,- ภ) ภ# ; @ ># " B/ภ0 E G ' 0 %# $" > ? $ภภภK ) $ภ"@/*+ ภ" ภ%@ " 5A" * ภ" # # ภ" % 2476 @ " F ภ0 " " ""%ภ" # *+ $. " $ $. " " >ภภ0 *+ ) $ภ"@/$C ?%0 ""%ภ" # *+ + %@ " 5A" 11 $. $ + ' # *+ + " >ภภ" ภภ$" + ,Dภ,- * %@ " 5A" * @ B"5Fภ& & # $" " % )%" B"5Fภ' *+ "F $. G % % $D

ภ"G *+1 $" B " >ภ% " # ภ) $ภ"@/ 9

# * G " " * " F?"" 1 ภ20 $6 ภ5 " / "& # ภ> ภ%"' + '

10

Thak, ed., Thai Politics, 11-13; Thawatt Mokarapong, History of the Thai Revolution (Bangkok: Thawatt Mokarapong, 1972), 110.

11

Barme, Luang Wichit, 73.

B" " $" @ ) $V G $" $. % / %0 ภ5/ "@/ # " & ภ$" ภภ+"# ภภ$" ภ12 ) $ภ"@/ / "@/ $. ภ" G " E' # 0 $ %"'ภ)%" $" > ? $ภ" > / ภ%" ' ) G B"5Fภ$" $. + ภภ* + ) $ภ"@/ ภ"$ "" G ภภ" ภภ" F ) B " " >ภJ5A ภ13 ) $ภ"@/ภภ" 0 " ภ" + *+ " >ภ" $. > ภ""%ภ" # + % * %@ " 5A" % $" ภ# + $. " >ภ" + ภ+ ภ$V G " >ภภ* % + + &' ภ" 1 0 " + # + * ภ% ' %" ภ" # %" %" + & ภ$) E / $" B E "/ / # % $ ># + ภ$" > ? $ภ" > / ' " ; +"# & ภ% *+ %@ " 5A"ภ$" % 0 ภ* ภ"+ % > ?"" ภ$" B # ภ" > $" B %@ " 5A" ) ภ" $V $" * ภ" F " # + ) $ภ"@/

)+ " >ภ' $V $" > * 1 5 2476 ) $ภ"@/ภ" + " $) B " " > ภJ5A ภ14 ,- " # 0 + " >ภ" ) $" > ? $ภ* ภภA+ % / " ภ"$" ภB*> $. ภ"% ภ% *+ $" ภภ$" B 20 & %@ " 5A"ภ%# ภ" 0 " F$" + " ) $ภ"@/ ภ$ 0 ) %" ภ0 %@ " 5A"* ภ" >ภ0 ภ+ + " + # *+ $V $" > G " 5A"> *+ + # ( + ภภ" ภ5 " / ภ" # & " * " F?"" 1 % ภ"" % %# # " % # ภ% G $ & ภ) *+ ) $ภ"@/ $. G " $ G $" > ? $ภ%0 " & ภ# ภภ"

+ + G 0 ภ"$C 2475 ' $. ภ" F " + > 1$" ภ$" B " G " 5A" ) # $" B % ) $ ภ" 0 $ ภ+ # # ภ"" F$" + " " %" %" ภG *> " % # + ) $. " " ,- " + ภภ% ภ" ?"" $. " ,- % % ภ" Y/ * @ ภภ5 " /ภ+ ภ" ภ> / ภE/ 12 13 14

Thak, ed., Thai Politics, 193. Thawatt, History, 188.

ภ$" B "/ % ภ"$V $" > $. ภ" * ) $ภ"@/ % ภ% ภ" ,- % * %@ " 5A" ) $" > ? $ภ+ ภ"$V $" > $. 0 ( ภ5 " / ภ) $" ภCภ" % % Judith Stowe, Siam Becomes Thailand (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991).

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15 16

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% + $" * G ก % "/, ก., Pridi, 212-14.

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" *> 0 ก E# "& E +" # *+ ก F %" / " ก " " &# > %" %" ? ก ก " ,N $. ก " ก5 " / %/ + ก+ กก" 0 ( "/ ก " ? ก " " % " *> 0 $. + ก" ก; $ + # # ; " > " % # ; ก $ & ; $V% % $ +/ $ กG ก W * + " + + ก; E' E % $. )"$ 5 ," B * + ก ก ก " *> //////////////////////////////////////// " + $" > ? $ก $Dก+ ก ก # ก %" % G ก ,- ก # + %# ) $. ก " # $" > ? $ 22 ก" K " F & " * ก " # B"5Fก ) $" ก ,- E $" % ก" "@ 1 ? M+ % + " " " F?"" 1 %@ " F " + " >ก " 0 ) G % "& ก%@ " 5A" 0 " ก + ก + ก" E' " &' " > 0 ก " >ก +ก " B" ?"" ? B"/

" %/ ""@ ก" ) % + ก " $" B ,- & กก ก $ > ก ' ก ก" ก ก " " > / " F " + + 0 1 " $" @ ? ก"" & ก ก ( # ; ก ก $. ? ก"" " F " F $. G % % Y @R " ) 11 ? ก " $. ก $23 $" > > 0 1 กก " " $ % " $. 1 ก5@/ ก5 " / " ? " F?"" 1 E' %" ก $" 5F ก " $ % " # ; 10 ? % E' $. $" ก B*> " F?"" 1( & " ( "ก # $6 2475 ก $. > " ก " ( ( *+1 ก ก ก5 " / % & > -B /ก5 " / > " ? " F?"" 1 $ ก + ' + ก " " > / " F % 5 ก " # % $. %@ G 0 " " >ก " G # & ก5 " / $" ก " " G/ >" +"# " กก ก "/ ( " %/ ] B% "/ B ก" + # " " )/ G $. + $ - " >ก 4 / ( ) 31 $6 + $ -

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22

New York Times, 4 % 1935.

23

ก $6 2477 ก ก " ก ' ก *%" $. G % % ก "ก " *+ 122 + Gray, The Soteriological

State, 357.

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" %/ "" ># " B/ , ก " / ก ก" " % ก ? % " @ > / ก ก & ก" F ' $ ' " ก & %# $ & & $" > ? $ก @ " > / ก"" ? + # " / * ; &# %" ก $. ก5 " /* $6 2468 " F $C ?%0 ก + ก ก " / " F $ )"$ $" > ? $ก 0 " / $ 0 ก 1 @ ก + " >ก > > 1 @ ) $" ก >" "ก # % $. ก" "" + )$ E' W ก"@/E# $6 2440 # $" > ? $ก$C ? " ก" *+ %# " / + " F ' ' " / *+1 %" %" + # * ก" K ก G # + % 2478 $" ? %@ G 0 " " >ก "K "Y + " ก ก ,- " F ,- 0 + ' ก $ ก / E' 0 *+ 0 " ,- " + ก $ ก ////////////////////////////////////////////

%" G 1> ก " + " ก " กG $" ก C " > ก $. ก0 + 0 % 1 + ก Fontainebleau Academy ," B * B ""5 2463 % ># > * ? > + " + ก$DกF * " 1 $ - $" "& ก ก " % " > G 0 2 E / + " ,- $. % ก% " " ก $" ก" ก $" > ? $ก " > / * # ก ?/ 2478 & ก + "* 2 " ก +ก # $" & ก) 0 " + > , - # + Y 0 " ,- ก $" % 0 " ก ' * ก "( ก+ * $6 2480 # ก $V )$ ก " " F %@ " 5A" 0 + " " / ' $D ก * + กก "# # ( 0 *+ %@ G 0 " " >ก "K กK + %@ " F " &' ก ก 0 " F$" + " "# ' ก $ ก 0 + ก $. กK + # " / & ก%# ก ก ,- G ก ก "ก 1 % ># &# $ *> ,- %# ก # ก " % % G ; & ก "@/% ก " + * # JB ก 2480 G Y $" ,- & ก $V )$ * $6 2481 % > ก $. ,6 # ,-

&' %" 24 0 ก ' ก $. ># > % $ + ก" * + Gก ก " " "ก ก B " " "# " G ' ก/ )$ * > " F # ก" *+ /ก ก E "/ / ก $. ก "> %" # 0 ? " > 5ก ก 0 + ก&' % 0 $. ก "" " % > ?"" กก5 " / " 0 +" % 0 ก & ก5 " / % + &' " F ) E / /ก ) ) *+ ก> ? " > / ก%" ก "ก + G + ก ? %# / " 0 +" ก " G ก " 0 +" > # JB ก - ก" % $. + + * $6 ' %" " > / & ก ก ก $ ก%" %0 0 / " / $ *+ ก> G> 1ก % ก % ก " $. ก5 " / ? *+ > ก $ก ก "B'ก5 * )"$ & ก "@/ ก % " " ก # ? ก + % "*+ ก ก" K $ 0 +" ก> ? % # ; ># ,- ก0 % % + ก % > ?"" ก " # ,- ก " G ก" กก " / > ก ก5 " / +" " > ก/ก % 0 % 1 " > ? 0 % 1; #> % ก " 0 1กF " @ E' ก " $. $& ก ก5 " / B > $ * $6 2481 /ก * ก> ก ก "# # 17 % / *> ก# + ' # "# " 5 " * ก " " % $" ก ก% # "# ก 0 " ก # 15 JB ก ก ก"> ก % %0 )+ " ก & ,D_ 0 # " ก # " + " > ก ก " ก " " กG 0 " F " > 0 ก 0 ) / " > + + + ก" G 0 % " %# ก ก " + " ก%" + ' 25 ก " # %" $ ? ก"" ก "$" กC 0 +" / ) % ก $ " + * " > # ก " $ $. $" ? * ? " + @/ " > 0 ก> * "

* ก ก / " ก "$C ?"" " > B ก M ? M " ?"" / % ก> ก "& " # $ &' ก ก " *+1 * 0 +" % * " > 0 ก ) %" " % * > $ +/ $" + ' ,- " F ( /ก / " ก " " $. ก5 " / + /ก " & * " > 0 ก ก> ? *+ ? $. “

" " >> ”

24

% + " * > B ""5 2473 $. ก "* ก % " & *> " "# ' + ) ก $. $ *> $. G ,- + % * ก %@ " 5A" ) ( " " " >

25

Stowe, Siam Becomes Thailand, 106.

? " > 5ภ% ภ' ภภ/ " " 5 +"# %0 %0 / 0 +" ? ภ"" ภภ+ ' $ +/ ภภ" 0 ? " "" "5 * " > B/ ภ" * " " > ภ? " > 5ภ$ภ> %" E' ภ0 +" > # %" %" + "# $ )"$ 13 ภ" % 2482 ภ" E E , > ภ*+ + & ภ5 " / " ////////////////////////////////////// * @ ภ%" " + ,- ภ0 # + ' $ +/ภ%" %" + &' " > ภภ" + " ภ%" + ' + % *+ + ภ' $. ภ" F " + ภ%" %" + ภ$ ภภ"ภภ+ " 50 % , - " " > % * %@ " 5A" + G )% % & ภ$" + "* + # & ภ+ " B % % )% " F * + / # 0 $" > ? $ภภ$. ภ5 " / G & ภ$" ภ># " B/> + % 0 % 1 %# " E' $. ภ$ภ" % / %" %" ภ" # " & ภ) * % ภ?"" & B > & ŕ¸

ภ5 $" + "> ภ" ภ"> > *+ / " > /26 $ $6 2482 " " ภ" ) 5 & ภ$ 0 ภ" " ภ% # ภ21 % $ % E' *+1 $. > G & ภ$" + "27 % " # + $. " ภ"$" %" ภ$. > > ,- G ภภ" 2475 ,- " F?"" 1 + # ,- *+ ภ" " " /*+1 ) # " F?"" 1 + " ภ" /$" > ? $ * ภ& " > 0 ภ" " % + + # 0 ภ5 " / ># " B/> & ภ0 ภภ" * ภ" 0 ภภ"" ; " / ภ" K $" > ? $ภ& ภ' 0 ภ+ " >ภ"& ภ+ $" > ? $ภ*+ *> / # ภ"@/ ภ> * $6 2482 " F $C ? % 0 ? ` $ ภ*+ # $" > ? $ภ> ภ+ * + $ " B ภJ5* $6 2484 ภ" ภ" "# # 0 B ภ$" ภ? & $" 0 ภ" *> %0 % E' & 0 ภ""% ภภ"&

26

Charivat Santaputra, Thai Foreign Policy, 1931-1946 (Bangkok: Thammasat University, 1985), 170-71.

27

+ $" $. &ภ& > G ภ" %# + $ * " ภ" ภ* +"# % ภ" % > Stowe ภ" ภ" + " " > %# + + ภ" " >+ ภภ$" B+ ภ"ภB M % *ภ> $" > ? $ภ" * G ภ" ) + " $. G " ? M @ ภ" $" ภ% " + $. * ; ภ" B M B/ Q /, Noeng Sotwarot Subhasvasti (Bangkok: Family of M.C. Subhasvasti Wongsanit Svastivat,

1999).

" $. " " 0 ก + \ ก %"" > +" * / *> ก" F + ' $6G $ + % ก" ก" * %0 / > " + *+ / G 0 "

" >ก "K + > ' ก/ @ ก ก " ( 0 1 ก5@/ $" @ ก5 " / $. $ % & > " ? $. > B / " F?"" 1 ก5 " / ' > " ? $. $" ก B*+ $. ก5 " / *+1 + " " /*+ * $6 2482 $" ก B*+ 24 & $. > ) ก " ( ( *+1 ) # > > + # ก" ก $" ก B " ) " F # $. " " >) ก " กก5 " / "ก %# ก " $ ># $" B*+ 2D ' %# / ก% ก+ กก " > B/ ก + ' %# *+ $" > > % % " > ? > *> ก5 " /

% $. # ; ก ก ก "" B ก M ; > + " " ก " ># ) ก 1> " >ก " ? *+ $" 5 *+ ' ก " ก*>

1> ก *> ก ># B / ก ก B+" ก "*> 5 % + # 0 0 % 28 ก ก $ %0 $ " > > " ก W ก"@/ * %" " ก " > * $6 2486 % & ก *+ ก " ก " ? + ก ก " " ก 0 *+ " >ก + *+1 ก

" ? ก "*+ % 29

ก5 " /* ก ก " Y/ ) ก " 0 ก ?"" ,- * $6 2480 " > " " Q / Y" >,- E' $. ># " B/ > " Q " / (Phae Thissathewo) ,- + ก " ก " ># $. Y" > " Q " / # ก % E' $. + " & ก5 " / $6 2484 " Q " / ก กA+ Y/$6 2445 E' *+ 0 ก * ก "% % Y/ )%" " *+ )%" " " F Y" > F 0 + # ก5 " / ก" + $ $ ก " $ก%" 0 ก ก Y ก E' 0 + ก" F " Y ก " + " ) G %@ Y/ Y/ 0 * ก " B # > ก " Y/& ก) ก ก" " B'ก5 ก5 " / "& # ก Y" > " F $. G # ก Y ก %@ G " + " " + ก" &' " กF % 0 B ก M ? M 0 ก5 " / " + 0 ก ก"" "$C ?"" # ก 2483 " ก "ก " + *+ %# " B" + ? ) $" @ $C ก " " $. $ # กก " ก5 " / " B ก M ? M " B" + ? ก "0 'กก "$C 2475 " % " ?" $*+ ก *+ ก " ก $* " " > 0 ก "$" ก B 28

, “To Address”, 154.

29

*+ $. + ) & +"# % ก ) * ; &' & ก5 " / + ก G ก ก ก " B" + ? * $. # + " ก ก ; + กK + " ก > $. " " "ก

* *+ + $. B /ก Y/+ ก ก "" ก ก

" ?"" ) $. Y ก" $ "ก $. *+ " ก $ G " $6 # " ก # F $" > ? $ E' 0 *+ ?""

$. ก> G " > ก" % * + # 1 $ - ก" ก" + ก,- $Dก* ># ก @ $" $. + # > " ? + " ก " ก)Y5@ > ># $" 0 ก $" ก " %0 + E' $. ก5 " / )

ก0 ) 1 ก5@/$" 0 " ก ก" $ *+ /G 0 " " >ก "K %"# " > " "@/> ก %" %" % > " ? ก

) ก $" % 0 " ก " % $ ก ก ก ,- $" > ? $ " * %@ " 5A" " &' $" $. ? " + ก *+ 1 $ - ' %" $" B* $6 2484 $ $" ก

ก%@ " F " * %@ G 0 " " >ก "K 0 % G > > $" *> 0 + 0 " G 0 ก " " ก "* 1 $ - * ก " กก ก " ก $6 2487 0 ก ก $. %

$V ( ก" > B/ ก" " " > B/*+ # + $ >" "@/ + ก

กก" K " > ก " &" % $ B / " ?B "/ + > + *+ " "30 $" " " ก0 * * # ก"กA % & ก *+ ก % ' %# % B/ กก " # + " + ' * G ก ก " 2475 / G 0 " " >ก "K ก ก 0 ก %# $ *+ $" % $. > > 0 +" $" > ? $ก ก $. G 0 " " >ก "K $" $ G & ก 0 % ก

ก% G ก C 2482 ก + " &' " # *+ ,- + $" % $. $"$Dก5/ & K ) 0 * / # * % ก / W ก"@/ 20 ก 2487 # %" ) ก%" " "& ก > ก ก " " ' ก 0 $" > 1 /ก $" B ' %" " > / # "" * # ก 2488 / " ก &' # 5 ? % %" " 18 $6 # " " > $ $. ก "

30

ก "*> %0 ? # 0 E'

% " ก % * + " ก " ' >" "@/ $. F # " ก "@/*+ " ก ,- ? " ก 1 $ - ก ก $. ก "+ ก ก " " & ก" K ) ,- ? " , B M, Noeng Sotwarot Subhasvasti, 107; Reynolds,

Thailand, 169-71.

$" ก ก 0 + G 0 " K " " " > *+ $. " F " 5 + # $. ก " " *+ 0 +" ก# ก% / " > / ) " ก " B ก "" " F?"" 1*+ / G * # + $ +/ ก ก E "/ / # *+ ก> ก "B'ก5 + + + ก* ก " ก" K /%# ก " " $" ? * " F?"" 1( *+ ก " # $D_ $- " % 0 *+ ก &' +ก # * # " F?"" 1( *+ $" ก B*> % " > ก/ % %" %" + ก0 + 13 & $. ก $ ) E / ก "@/ก กG * ก ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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