วารสารธรรมชาติและสิ่งแวดล้อม ปีที่2 ฉบับที่2 by SrangSook

Nature and Environment Vol. 2 No. 2 April - June 2013

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Nan in the Wind of Changes

Dr.Warasak Phuangcharoen2 Nan, a small province located on the east border of northern region of Thailand and surrounded by large and small mountains, has a long history that can be dated back since Sukhothai and Lanna periods. It also has been continuously CEFFGHJ KMO CQRGKGUER UMEHJOF VQX E RQHJ COXGQY QV KGZO[ \F KMO EUUOFF QV KMO EXOE ]EF XOFKXGUKOY YÔ KQ KMO YGV_U^RK` QV transportation, the development in the area seems slow. Nevertheless, these limiting factors enable Nan to outstandingly ZEGHKEGH GKF ^HGjÔHOFF EHY GYOHKGK`[ \RKMQ^JM KMO FQUGER GHFOU^XGK` UE^FOY q` ]EX KQ ^F^XC COQCRO GH KMO EXOE 89 ÒEXF ago already ended, there are many threats from tourism that should be kept watching and monitoring closely because of the complexity and linkage of problems and stakeholders. The losses that may occur will not be human life, properties, independence and sovereignty, but there will be the loss of art, culture, tradition and people’s way of life.

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, t;39<; F?:46 43l< 9? 9125l m; *:;2C?4 013<58:9e m2h?; ?c +25 m:53D3C2439h 256 m; *:l825 |<5G639e =j<D:93>< r3;<D9?; ?c |425535G 256 g??;635293?5e r<83G529<6 u;<28 c?; *:892352B4< 0?:;38@ u6@35389;293?5 |:B43D ;G2538293?5 c?; C;?>3635G 35c?;@293?5 9? 9138 2;93D4< =5>3;?5@<5924389e *<53?; |;?c<883?5 q<><4e +29:;24 k<8?:;D<8 256 =5>3;?5@<5924 m252G<@<59 r3>383?5 Nature and Environment Vol. 2 No. 2 April - June 2013

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Nan in the Wind of Change g:;;<59 6<><4?C@<59 35 +25e c?; <j2@C4<e 91< ?C<535G ?c B?;6<; c?; 9;2635G 256 <jD125G35G G??68 F391 5<3G1B?:;35G D?:59;3<8Â&#x2019; ;?:9< <jC2583?5 ?c 4?F D?89 23;435<8 256 9;258C?;9293?5 9129 F344 B< D?589;:D9<6 35 91< c:9:;< :56<; 91< c;2@<F?;l ?c Â&#x2013;;<29<; m<l?5G *:B/;<G3?5 Â&#x2026;Â&#x2013;m*Â&#x2020; F344 ;<8:49 35 @?;< 9?:;38@ c2>?:;2B4< D3;D:@8925D<8 35 +25 C;?>35D< u8 2 D?58<b:<5D<e ?CC?;9:5393<8 c?; <D?5?@3D 6<><4?C@<59 ?c 9138 2;<2 F344 B< D;<29<6 +?5<91<4<88e +25 128 c2D<6 @25h C;<88:;<8 c;?@ B?91 359<;524 256 <j9<;524 c2D9?;8 01< D;:D324 359<;524 C;?B4<@ 9129 128 5?9 B<<5 8?4><6 h<9 38 6<c?;<89293?5 35 :C89;<2@ 2;<2 c?; 2G;3D:49:;<d m<25F134<e 91< >3924 <j9<;524 91;<29 38 U243<5V D:49:;<8 c;?@ 9?:;3898 9129 D25 G;26:244h 35s49;29< 256 <@B<6 35 +2578 D:49:;24 2D93>393<8 m; *:l825 |<5G639e =j<D:93>< r3;<D9?; ?c |425535G 256 g??;635293?5e r<83G529<6 u;<28 c?; *:892352B4< 0?:;38@ u6@35389;293?5 Â&#x2026;|:B43D Â&#x2039;;G2538293?5Â&#x2020; ?; ru*0u ?B8<;><6 91< 625G<; 83G58 9129 126 B<G:5 35 91< D?@@:539he c?; 358925D<e 91< 5?38< c;?@ B<44 9?F<;8 35 9<@C4<8e F13D1 @?5l8 D?@C<935G F391 <2D1 ?91<; 9? B:346e 38 ;<C42D35G 91< 5?38< ?c |:E2 6;:@Â&#x2019; D4?9135G ?c {:661278 ;<43D8Â&#x2019; 256 4259<;5 ;<4<2835G 359? 91< 23; F13D1 2;< 5?9 +25 D:49:;< 01< 82@< 38 9;:< 35 B?29 ;2D35G 01<8< 2;< 91< ;<8:49 ?c 9<@C4<87 <cc?;9 9? 82938ch 9?:;3898 â&#x20AC;&#x153;...the characteristic of Nanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s racing boat is changed from dragon to iguana. In the past, racing boats were beautiful and bows with both ends of boats were curved. Villagers had a fun boat racing after Slakapat consecration at the Grand Hall of Wat Phrathta Changkham....However, recently, the culture of boat racing from central region of Thailand has been adopted, they bet on the races.

The curved bows of admirable but slow boats have qOOH UMEHJOY KQ qO Â&#x2030;EK[[[Â&#x201E; t1<5 B<98 35>?4><e 91< D12;2D9<;3893D ?c ?c B?29 2;< D125G<6 u48?e 4?D24 C<?C4< 2;< ?:89<6 c;?@ 91< ;2D< 28 91< ?:9836<;8 ;<C42D< 91<3; ?2;8@25 C?8393?58 0138 38 B<D2:8< 91< 9<@C4<8 F259 9? F35 g?58<b:<594he 91< ?46 G<5<;293?5 F1?8< 43c<89h4< 38 B?:56 9? 91< +25 k3><; c<<4 U:512CChV 01< 8<58< ?c 5?8924G32 256 <cc?;9 9? ;<89?;< 12CC35<88 83G524 9129 3c ;<4<>259 8<D9?;8 6? 5?9 D?5D<59;29< ?5 91< D?58<;>293?5 ?c D?@@:539h78 9;26393?58 256 D:49:;<8e ;??9 256 36<5939h F344 B< G;26:244h G?><;5<6 Bh Uc?;<3G5V D:49:;<8 35 ?;6<; 9? 82938ch 81?;9 256 :58:892352B4< 35D?@< c;?@ 9?:;38@

Finding Solutions to Problems 01< D;:D324 9135G 35 C;<C2;35G 9? D?C< F391 Â&#x2018;?F ?c <j9<;524 D125G<8 38 :835G 91< 89;?5G C?3598 ?c +25 |;?>35D< 9? 8:CC?;9 :CD?@35G ?CC?;9:5393<8 35 ?;6<; 9? 6;3>< 91< 6<><4?C@<59 )5 91< @<25 93@<e 3@@:5< 8h89<@ ?c 91< D?@@:539h 81?:46 B< D;<29<6 256 91< 359<;524 C;?B4<@8 F13D1 2;< 91< F<2l C?3598 81?:46 B< 8?4><6 01< ?C<;293?524 G:36<435<8 2;< 28 c?44?F8o 4:70: 7 2

:3+, 0+-3 M y Q: O-7 b5+ 3,:0c m2h?; ?c +25 m:53D3C2439h C;?>36<6 2 83G53sD259 G:3625D< F13D1 38 9129 C<?C4< 35 +25 81?:46 B;35G 91<3; 36<59393<8 9129 2;< ?5< ?c 91< 89;?5G C?3598 35 C;<C2;35G 9? <5D?:59<; F391 91< <j9<;524 91;<298 0138 D25 B< 63>36<6 359? 63@<583?58 28 c?44?F8o 1) |;36< ?c B<35G +25 C<?C4< 63@<583?5 0138 35D4:6< 91< :82G< ?c +2578 8C<2l35G 256 F;3935G 425G:2G< 2) r;<8835G 63@<583?5 F13D1 81?:46 B< 262C9<6 9? :8< 35 6234h 43c<e c?; <j2@C4<e C;?@?935G 9? F<2; 91< 5?;91<;5 89h4< F;2C/2;?:56 8l3;9 9? F?;l 256 91< :8< ?c |12 q23 +2@ q23 Â&#x2026;9;26393?524 +2578 1256 F2>35G D4?918Â&#x2020; =><5 91?:G1 91<;< 2;< >2;3?:8 D:49:;<8 256 9;3B<8 35 +25e 91< D:49:;<8 9129 81?F 91<3; 36<59393<8 81?:46 B< D?58<;><6 256 2B4< 9? 26>?D29< <2D1 ?91<; 3) r234h 43c< 63@<583?5 8:D1 28 C;?@?935G 4?D24 c??6 D?58:@C93?5 9? C;<8<;>< 91< 9;26393?524 F2h8 ?c 43c< )9 248? 435l8 9? c??6 8<D:;39h 63@<583?5 28 39 ;<6:D<8 91< 6<C<56<5Dh ?c <j9<;524 ;<8?:;D<8 256 43>35G D?898e B:9 35D;<28< 35D?@< 4) u;9e D:49:;<e 9;26393?5 256 4?D24 l5?F4<6G< 63@<583?5 01<8< 9135G8 12>< 9? B< 35><893G29<6e D?58<;><6e D?44<D9<6 256 9;258c<;;<6 m<25F134<e @:83D24 l5?F4<6G< 256 ;<43G3?:8

d )5c?;@293?5 c;?@ *929< ?c =5>3;?5@<59 k<C?;9 .,, 3563D29<6 9129 c?;<89 2;<2 35 +25 126 B<<5 ;<6:D<6 D?5935:?:84h )5 .. e 91<;< F<;< d @3443?5 ;23 ?c c?;<89 2;<2 35 +25e B:9 35 ..-e c?;<89 2;<2 6<D;<28<6 9? B< . @3443?5 ;23 t134< @23f< D:493>29<6 2;<2 F28 35D;<2835G )5 .. e 91< D:493>29<6 2;<2 35 +25 F28 d..e... ;23 256 ;?8< 9? -..e... ;23 35 .,. 01<;< F<;< 8<><;24 3@C2D98 c;?@ 91< 6<9<;3?;293?5 ?c c?;<89 2;<2 8:D1 28 Â&#x2018;??6 256 6;2:G19Â&#x2019; F29<; b:2439h 6<G;26293?5 256 8?34 <;?83?5 Nature and Environment Vol. 2 No. 2 April - June 2013

&! & 7 , 25 7 ( [;| %$2 $ ( )$ & , [ Mr. Suksan Pengdit =j<D:93>< r3;<D9?; ?c |425535G 256 g??;635293?5e ru*0u

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References

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เมืองต้นแบบแห่งคุณภาพชี วิตและสิง่ แวดล้อมทีย่ ่งั ยืน

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Chiang Rai Municipality : Model City for Quality of Life and Sustainable Environment By Editorial Board

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MGEHJ EG ^HGUGCERGK` \YZGHGFKXEKQXF YOKOXZGHO KQ develop the city to be the good quality of life and environment city. The Administrators do so by ROEXHGHJ VXQZ KMO V_UO QV H GXQHZOHKER QRGU` EHY REHHGHJ ]MGRO XOUOG GHJ F^CCQXK VQX REHY_RR ]EFKO management and wastewater treatment plant construction which are well utilised. There is concept VXQZ KMO CXO GQ^F ]QX EGZGHJ KQ YO ORQC MGEHJ EG Municipality to be different from other cities that are facing environmental problems. It started from Q^KRGHGHJ KMO z9z9 GFGQH ]MGUM ]ORUQZOY QCGHGQHF VXQZ local people. The work was smoothly operated as COXFQHHOR QV MGEHJ EG ^HGUGCERGK` EXO GHKOXOFKOY GH OH GXQHZOHKER UQHFOX EKGQH m; t25D123 c:;91<; 6<8D;3B<6 91< <5>3;?5@<59 C;?E<D98 F13D1 F<;< <5G2G<6 Bh 4?D24 C<?C4< 9129 MO VQU^F QH OH GXQHZOHK GF U^XXOHKR` GKER because it is in every day life and people have more knowledge and understanding than in the past. Chiang EG ^HGUGCERGK` KXGOF KQ XOFCQHY KQ COQCRO F HOOYF to gather ideas, and to cooperate with people. These EXO KMO UQHKO¡KF QV ]QX QV MGEHJ EG ^HGUGCERGK` q` having environmental development as a core work and GZCXQ GHJ EHY OHUQ^XEJGHJ QKMOX GFF^OF V^XKMOX[[[ Nature and Environment +R>G=< RTC ,T;Q=:TW<T> g:B) +:) hP=QB ! jGT< kqs Vol. 2 No. 2 April - June 2013

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Minimise problem and difficulty Concepts for Developing Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s by participatory processes and Quality of Life and Good Environment shared ownership u9 91< B<G35535Ge 91< ?C<;293?5 F28 5?9 9?9244h 8@??91 g1325G k23 m:53D3C2439h c2D<6 8?@< 63csD:493<8 )9 9??l 93@< 9? s56 2CC;?C;329< 8?4:93?58 )5 9138 ;<G2;6e m;8 *:;2536 @<593?5<6 9129 Â&#x201A;Â&#x192;Â&#x17E;MOXO ]OXO E RQK QV CXQqROZF EHY YGV_U^RKGOF GH KMO beginning because the starting point of the project was the VQXOFK GH ^XqEH EXOE ]MGUM MEY GHKX^FGQH CXQqROZ[ Â&#x201C;MGEHJ Â&#x201D;EG Municipality explained communities aware of the importance of sustainable forest conservation by a dopting wisdom of local COQCRO GH UQHÂ¨^HUKGQH ]GKM FUGOHKG_U Â&#x2013;HQ]ROYJO[ Â&#x17E;MGF UEH lead to guidelines of development along with conservation. Nowadays, the vital problem is that communities still lack of potential for area management, and also lack of specialist in biodiversity of each aforementioned ecosystem. In previous operation, this problem was handled by connecting the organisations which were knowledgeable in these areas to support, and cooperate and emphasising on participation EHY FMEXOY Q]HOXFMGCÂ&#x192;Â&#x201E; 0138 D25 B< D?5836<;<6 28 ;<>?4:93?52;h C;?D<88 35 :;B25 256 <5>3;?5@<5924 6<><4?C@<59 u8 35 91< C289e @:53D3C2439h 126 9? 9135le C425e 256 ?C<;29< Bh 398<4c F13D1 636 5?9 @<<9 91< C:B43D78 6<@2568 )9 D2:8<6 42Dl ?c D??C<;293?5 c;?@ C<?C4< 6:< 9? 91< 2B8<5D< ?c Q 3, -6 97 N y +?5<91<4<88e 2c9<; 91< ?C<;2935G C;?D<88<8 F<;< ;<>?4:93?538<6 9? B< 2DD<883B4< Bh 91< C:B43D F134< <2D1 D?@@:539h 38 244?F<6 9? C2;93D3C29< 35 @252G<@<59 ?c 91<3; ?F5 2;<2e 91< C;?E<D9 38 ;<D<3><6 G??6 D??C<;293?5 c;?@ D?@@:5393<8 01<;<c?;<e 91< 6<><4?C@<59 256 D?58<;>293>< F?;l8 2;< D?5935:<6 256 C2;93244h 8:DD<88 0138 F?;l 38 248? <jC<D9<6 9? B< D?5935:<6e 256 9? 12>< ;<G:42; C;?G;<88 c:;91<;

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Nature and Environment Vol. 2 No. 2 April - June 2013

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World Focus

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Reduced the amount of carbon dioxide

(CO2) in the atmosphere : +29:;244he g 2;< C;?6:D<6 35 91< <5>3;?5@<59 91;?:G1 >?4D253D 2D93>39h 256 ?;G253D @299<; 6<D?@C?8393?5 a?; 91< 1:@25 2D93>39he g is C;?6:D<6 c;?@ B:;535G c?8834 c:<48 43l< D?24 256 529:;24 G28 9? G<5<;29< <4<D9;3D39h 01<;<c?;<e 813c935G C;?6:D35G <4<D9;3D39h c;?@ c?8834 c:<48 9? F356 <5<;Ghe 91< g <@3883?5 @:89 6<D435< Reduced the amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere : * 38 2 BhC;?6:D9 ?c B:;535G c?8834 The benefits of wind power 01< g e * e + j <@3883?58 D?@< c;?@ B:;535G c:<48 )9 D25 ;<2D9 F391 ?91<; D1<@3D248 9? c?;@ 2D363D 91< c?8834 c:<4 c?; D;<2935G <4<D9;3D39h 01<8< G;<<51?:8< D?@C?:568 8:D1 28 2D36 ;235 <cc<D9 01<;< 38 5? * G28<8 12>< G;<294h 2cc<D9<6 9? 91< 9<@C<;29:;< ?c 91< <@3883?5 3c 91< <4<D9;3D39h 38 C;?6:D<6 c;?@ F356 <5<;Gh Reduced use of nonrenewable energy : <2;91 F391?:9 91<@e =2;9178 8:;c2D< F?:46 D?46<; 9125 43>35G 9135G8 89256 ?5 )c 91<;< 38 25 <jD<88 2@?:59 ?c D?5><593?524 G<5<;2935G <4<D9;3D39h 6<C4<9<8 529:;24 91<8< G28<8 35 91< 29@?8C1<;<e 91< 9<@C<;29:;< ?c 91< ;<8?:;D<8 B:9 F356/G<5<;29<6 <4<D9;3D39h 6?<8 5?9 r:< 9? =2;91 F344 B< 13G1 :5934 12;@ 9? 91< 43>35G 9135G8 0129 38 F356 38 ;<5<F<6 <><;h 62h 28 91< <2;91 1<298 256 D??48 D244<6 G;<<51?:8< <cc<D98 *?e 91< C;?6:D35G <4<D9;3D39h Wind power use less land : 91< <892B4381@<59 c;?@ F356 <5<;Gh F391 5? <@3883?5 D25 ;<C42D< 91< :8< ?c F356 9:;B35< :8<8 2 8@244 4256 8? 91< ;<89 ?c <j38935G 4256 ?c c?8834 c:<4e 256 128 @25h B<5<s98 9? <5>3;?5@<59 28 38 2B4< 9? :8< D?5935:< c?; 2G;3D:49:;24 ?; ?91<; 2D93>393<8 c?44?F8o Nature and Environment Vol. 2 No. 2 April - June 2013

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Environmental concerns u491?:G1e <><5 91< G<5<;2935G <5<;Gh c?;@ F356 128 @25h B<5<s98e B:9 91<;< 2;< @25h D?5D<;58 ?c C:B43D c;?@ 6<><4?C35G ?c F356 c2;@ 2B?:9 91< <cc<D9 ?c <5>3;?5@<5924 3@C2D9 28 c?44?F8o

Aesthetics : B<D2:8< ?c 91< 13G1 89;:D9:;< ?c F356 9:;B35<8e 39 38 <2834h 8<<5 35 2 4?5G 638925D< *?@< C<?C4< 4??l 91< F356 9:;B35<8 28 25 <4<G259 256 G;2D<c:4e 256 B<35G 91< 8h@B?48 ?c 4<88 C?44:93?5 35 91< c:9:;< B:9 ?91<;8 D?5D<;5 2B?:9 91< 6<9;3@<5924 ?5 91< B<2:9h ?c 42568D2C<

Noise : 91< ?C<;293?5 ?c F356 9:;B35<8 C;?6:D<8 8?@< 5?38< 43l< ?91<; @<D1253D24 8h89<@8 01< 8?:56 ?c F356 9:;B35<8 D25 B< 8:B63>36<6 359? @<D1253D24 8?:56 F13D1 38 c;?@ @?>35G ?c <b:3C@<59 256 2<;?6h52@3D 8?:56 c;?@ 9:;535G B426<8 0?62he 91< G??6 ?c B426< 6<83G5 256 358:42935G @29<;3248 D25 ;<6:D< 5?38< 3@C2D98

Avian/Bat mortality : F356 <5<;Gh 6<><4?C@<59

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The potential of wind energy in Thailand 01<;< 38 2 C?9<59324 ?c :835G F356 <5<;Gh 9? G<5<;29< <4<D9;3D39h 35 01234256 )9 38 25 249<;5293>< 35 <5<;Gh 8<D:;39h 256 35D;<28< <csD3<5Dh 35 C;?6:D35G <4<D9;3D39h 9? ?:; D?:59;h 01< @35389;h ?c =5<;Gh 128 42:5D1<6 91< u49<;5293>< =5<;Gh r<><4?C@<59 |425 u=r|o ., / . , 01< 92;G<9 ?c 9138 C425 38 :835G 249<;5293>< <5<;Gh 29 C<; D<59 c;?@ ., 9? . , 35 91< C<;3?6 ?c ,. h<2;8 a?; 91< F356 <5<;Ghe 91< 92;G<9 38 ?c ,e .. mt 35 91< h<2; . , m?89 ?c 91< C?9<59324 2;<2 ?c F356 <5<;Gh 35 01234256 38 4?D29<6 35 91< 13G1 @?:59235 2;<2 35 91< 5?;91<;5 C2;9e 5?;91/<289<;5 C2;9e 256 91< 8?:91<;5 C2;9 ?c 01234256 a?; 91< 8?:91<;5 ;<G3?5e @?89 ?c 91< C?9<59324 2;<2 38 24?5G 91< G:4c ?c 01234256 F13D1 38 G<9935G 91< 4256 B;<<f<e 8<2 B;<<f< 256 @?58??5/+2l?;5 *;3 012@@2;29 C;?>35D< 256 *?5G/l42 C;?>35D< c;?@ |2l/C2/5:5G 6389;3D9 9? *35G52l?;5 6389;3D9 01< 638925D< ?c 9138 C?9<59324 38 2B?:9 , . l34?@<9<;8 256 G<98 91< F356 c?; 91< F1?4< h<2; c;?@ B?91 5?;91/<2;91<5 @?58??5 256 8?:91/F<89<;5 @?58??5 F391 91< 2><;2G< F356 8C<<6 29 J @v8 9? C;?6:D< F356 C?F<; ,../, . tv@

Other concerns : 91< C?9<59324 ?c 359<;c<;<5D< F391 ;262; 256 9<4<D?@@:53D293?5 c2D34393<8 2;< c;?@ F356 G<5<;29?;8 F13D1 C;?6:D< <4<D9;3D 256 @2G5<93D s<468 43l< ?91<; <4<D9;3D24 G<5<;2935G c2D34393<8

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The obstacles and problems to development of wind energy <9 91<;< 2;< 8?@< C?9<59324 ?c F356 <5<;Gh 35 01234256e 91< 6<><4?C@<59 ?c C;?6:D35G <4<D9;3D39h c;?@ F356 <5<;Gh 128 @25h C;?B4<@8 28 c?44?F8o Average low wind speed : 91< C?9<59324 ?c2><;2G< F356 8C<<6 35 01234256 38 2B?:9 J @v8 F13D1 38 2 @2E?; 43@39293?5 t1<;<28e 91< 2><;2G< F356 8C<<6 38 2B?:9 J/- @v8 35 ?91<; D?:59;3<8 01:8e 91< F356 9:;B35<8 F13D1 2;< @25:c2D9:;<6 Bh 91?8< D?:59;3<8e 2;< 6<83G5<6 F391 91< F356 8C<<6 35 91<3; ?F5 D?:59;3<8 g?58<b:<594he 91<h 2;< 5?9 8:392B4< c?; 2><;2G< F356 8C<<6 35 01234256 9129 38 4?F F356 8C<<6 f?5< )c F< :8< 5?5 2CC;?C;329< F356 9:;B35< c?; ?:; D?:59;he 91< <csD3<5Dh F344 B< 6<D435< 256 G<9 4<88 <5<;Gh )5 91< C;<8<59e 91< 9<D15?4?Gh 6<83G5 D25 F?;l ?5 91< 4?F F356 8C<<6 ?54h /d @v8 F13D1 38 25 2><;2G< F356 8C<<6 29 91< G;?:56 4<><4 ?c 01234256 Transportation and installation of the wind turbines : 2 F35G 9? 91< 42;G< F356 9:;B35<8e 91< 42;G< 9;:Dl 256 F36<4h ;?26 2;< ;<b:3;<6 c?; 9;258C?;935G 91< 9:;B35< m?;<?><;e 91< D?;5<; ?c 91< ;?26 @:89 B< F36<4h c?; 91< 9;:Dl F13D1 38 D2;;h35G 91< <b:3C@<598 D25 C288<8 91;?:G1 uC2;9 c;?@ 91< 9;258C?;9293?5e 91< 3589244293?5 ?c F356 9:;B35<8 2;< 248? 5<<68 91< <jC<;98 256v?; 13G1 <jC<;3<5D< C<;8?5 B m?:59235 2;<28 o )9 38 2 63csD:49 9? 2DD<88 91;?:G1 91< c?;<89 2;<28 )9 38 248? 25 ?B892D4< 35 D2;;h35G 91< 42;G< <b:3C@<598v3589;:@<598 9? 3589244293?5 35 91<8< 2;<28 **? 91< 9;258C?;9293?5 359? 91<8< 2;<28 382;< 5<<6<6 9? B:346 91< ;?268 C288 91;?:G1 91< c?;<89 2;<28 9129 F344 D:9 6?F5 91< 9;<<8

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√°√Е√Р√Б√Е¬Њ√Ф√Й Environment and Pollution

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Strengths of Historical City Phranakon Si Ayutthaya 389?;3D24 g39h |1;252l?5 *3 uh:9912h2 128 G??6 C425535G @252G<@<59 256 91<;< 38 63>383?5 ?c :93439h 2;<2 24?5G F391 D39h C425 D4<2;4h uh:9912h2 38 91< D39h F13D1 3563D29<8 398 ;2;< 36<5939h 256 39 38 25 <>36<5D< ?c D3>343f293?5 ;<@23535G uh:9912h2 38 8? c:44 ?c 9?:;389 299;2D93?5 35 @25h 28C<D98 28 9;26393?5e 2;98 256 D:49:;< 256 1389?;h 9129 39 F28 255?:5D<6 28 F?;46 1<;392G< 01< D39h ?c uh:9912h2 38 839:29<6 35 G??6 42568D2C< t29<;F2h 256 D?@@:53D293?5 ;?:9< 2;< ><;h D?5><53<59 a:;91<;@?;<e 39 38 5<2; {25Gl?l uh:9912h2 128 2G;3D:49:;24 c<;93439h )9 38 c<;934< 2;<2 B<D2:8< ?c G??6 42568D2C< 8:;;?:5635G Bh ;3><;8 256 D25248 0138 D39h 128 c?4l 359<443G<5D< F13D1 38 F?;91 35 <D?5?@3D8 256 C<?C4< ?c uh:9912h2 D?58<;>< 529:;24 <5>3;?5@<59 256 2;98 256 D:49:;< uh:9912h2 128 C?9<59324 9? B< D?58<;>293>< 9?:;38@ 839<

Weaknesses u9 C;<8<59e 91< :8< ?c 4256 38 5?9 2;;25G<6 ?;6<;4he c?44?F35G D39h C425535G 28 91< 4256 :8< 38 D29<G?;3f<6 F;?5G4h *<><;24 F2h8 2DD<8835G 9?:;389 299;2D93?58 2;< 5?9 D?5><53<59 *?@< 2;< 2 52;;?F F2h 9129 38 5?9 8:392B4< c?; F24l35G 9? 91< 9?:;389 299;2D93?58 256 248? 8?@< 9?:;389 299;2D93?58 6? 5?9 12>< 83G5 8C?98 ?; 9?:;389 35c?;@293?5 m?;<?><;e B283D C:B43D :93439h 256 c2D34393<8 2;< 5?9 8:csD3<59 F391 91< 5:@B<; ?c 9?:;3898 35D4:635G 42Dl ?c C2;93D3C293?5 ?c 892l<1?46<;8 35 C425535G 256 @252G<@<59 01<;< 38 25 ?><;42C ?c 91< ?C<;293?5e 35D4:635G C?F<;e 6:9h ?c G?><;5@<59 8<;>3D< 63>383?5 256 4?D24 ?;G253f293?5 01<;< 38 D?5 3D9 35 <2;535G 2 43>35G ?c <59;<C;<5<:;8 35 9?:;389 G;?:56

Opportunities 01< 9?:;3898 2CC;<D329< D:49:;24 9?:;38@ 01<h ;<D?G53f< 91< 83G53sD25D< ?c F?;46 1<;392G< 01< G?><;5@<59 C?43Dh 8:CC?;98 9?:;38@ C;?@?93?5e 3@C;?><@<59 256 ;<89?;293?5 ?c 9?:;389 839<8 256 1389?;3D 839<8e 2;98 256 D:49:;24 D?58<;>293?5 256 4?D24 359<443G<5D< 01<;< 38 8:CC?;9 c;?@ 4?D24 4<26<;8 35 @252G35G 256 D?58<;>35G 2;<28 01< @<632 24F2h8 C:B43D3f< 9?:;389 839<8 35 uh:9912h2 C;?>35D< 01< C?43Dh ?c C;?>35D< 6<><4?C@<59 6?<8 5?9 C;?@?9< 9? <j9<56 356:89;324 2;<2

Threats 01< 3@C?;925D< C;?B4<@ ?c 389?;3D24 g39h |1;252l?5 *3 uh:9912h2 38 42Dl ?c :539h 35 9?:;389 @252G<@<59 256 42Dl ?c 35c?;@293?5 8<;>3D< 256 83G5C?898e 42Dl ?c <cc<D93>< 9?:;389 ;<8?:;D< @252G<@<59e 42Dl ?c C;?@?93?5 ?c 2G;3D:49:;24 9?:;38@ *?@< C<?C4< 42Dl ?c l5?F4<6G< 256 :56<;8925635G ?c B<35G G??6 1?898 256 B<35G F<44/B<12><6 9?F2;68 9?:;389 *?@< <59;<C;<5<:;8 6? 5?9 D??C<;29< 35 @252G35G 81?C8 ?;6<;4h 01<h 42Dl ?c l5?F4<6G< 256 :56<;8925635G 35 ?;G253f35G 2;<2 256 9?:;389 8<;>3D<8 +29:;24 638289<; 248? 2cc<D98 2;<2 ?c 389?;3D24 g39h |1;252l?5 *3 uh:9912h2 B<D2:8< uh:9912h2 38 4?D29<6 35 4?F4256 C425 )9 38 8:;;?:56<6 Bh @25h ;3><;8 *:D1 9<;;235 @2l<8 uh:9912h2 12>< ??6 638289<; a?;@<; 8?D3?/2G;3D:49:;24 43c<89h4< 38 ;<C42D<6 Bh 8?D3?/356:89;324 43c<89h4< 0138 38 D2:8<6 Bh <D?5?@3D8 <j9<583?5 256 6<><4?C@<59 Nature and Environment Vol. 2 No. 2 April - June 2013

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Strategy Road Map of Ayutthaya World Heritage as the City of Conservation and Development with Participation and Sustenance Strategies

Objectives

Strategies

1. Develop and promote tourism by conserving cultural world heritage To get revenue from tourism under the conservation of culture world heritage, natural resources and environment

$ Develop and conserve tourist spots and improve the route connecting to tourist places.

2. Rivive agricultural way and develop the spots of agricultural products To development agricultural area, upgrade the standard of agricultural product and increase the potential of agriculture alists

$ Organize natural resources.

environment and basic structure of agricultural.

$ Develop mass transportation system

$ Strengthen agriculturalists and

$ Provide the media to publicze and

$ Service the marketing management

to tourist area.

improve the marketing.

agricultural institution.

of agricultural goods and develop data system of agriculture.

3. Conserve and promote custom, culture and local intelligence Custom, culture and local intelligence will be handed to the next generation

$ Conserve and carry on custom, culture and local intelligence.

Upgrade the quality of products by using local intelligence.

4. Improve potential and strengthen the participation of every sector People and related division of every sector and improved their potential and there is participation in management integratedly

$ Promote the participation of every

sector in management. Take care, conserve and revive area of historical city. Natural resources, art, culture and local intelligence.

$ Improve the potential of every sector

in management, conserving, reviving historical city, natural resources, environ ment, art, culture and local intelligence.

/ / /A4/

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The Evaluation of Achievement of Preventive, Corrective and Mitigating Measures for Environmental Impact : The Case of Dam Project (Kiew Kor Mah Project, Lampang)

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Overview of Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Report

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Nature and Environment Vol. 2 No. 2 April - June 2013

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จากการพัฒนาโครงการกิ่วคอหมา จังหวัดลําปาง m the development of Kiew Kor Mah Project, Lampang

รักษาและฟื้ นฟู ระบบนิเวศ Conserve and restore ecosystem รักษาระบบนิเวศทางนํ้า Conserve aquatic ecosystem ผลพลอยได้ + ดูแลสุขาภิบาล + กิจกรรม By product + monitor public health + activities ส่งเสริมคุณภาพชี วิต + รายได้ Improve quality of life + income สร้างอาชี พใหม่ให้แก่เกษตรกร Create new opportunities for farmers

เป้าหมาย สุดท้าย เพื่อให้โครงการ เขื่อนกิ่วคอหมาเอื้อประโยชน์ ต่อการดํารงชี วิตของ ประชาชนในพื้นที่ โดยส่งผล กระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมน้อยที่สุด หรือไม่ส่งผลกระทบใดๆ

รักษาระบบนิเวศและความสมดุลทางธรรมชาติ Conserve ecosystem and balance of nature ดูแลและรักษาระบบนิเวศทางนํ้า Monitor and conserve aquatic ecosystem

The ultimate goal People living in the area benefit from Kiew Kor Mah project impact by having minimal or no environmental impact

มีน้าํ เพื่อการชลประทานและการทําเกษตรกรรม Water for irrigation and agriculture ดูแลและรักษาคุณภาพให้มีความเหมาะสมต่อการใช้ประโยชน์ Monitor and conserve for appropriate usage ติดตามประเมินผล Monitor and evaluate

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Reference

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Lifestyle of

Ban Pang Yang Community and Sustainable Agriculture

By Editorial Board uG;3D:49:;< 35 91< @?6<;5 93@< 38 c2D35G 8<><;< D43@29</D125G< C;?B4<@8 256 248? c:;91<; <D?5?@3D D;?C 9129 ;<b:3;<8 @?;< c<;93438<; 256 C<893D36< :82G< 35 ?;6<; 9? 35D;<28< C;?6:D93>39h 256 9? B< 2B4< 9? G;?F 35 :58:392B4< 2;<2 ;<G2;64<88 ?c 4?F4256 ?; 84?C35G 13G14256 2G;3D:49:;< e <8C<D3244h 2G;3D:49:;24 c2;@35G 35 84?C35G 13G14256 38 @?;< 6<s539<4h 63csD:49 9125 35 4?F4256 01< 84?C35G 13G14256 2G;3D:49:;< 128 B<<5 3@C2D935G ?5 8<><;24 <5>3;?5@<5924 28C<D98e 8:D1 28 :C89;<2@ <5D;?2D1@<59e 6<c?;<89293?5e 813c935G D:493>293?5e 2G;3D:49:;24 D1<@3D24 :82G< 256 42568436< +?F262h8e 13G142568 2;< 8:CC?;9<6 256 6<><4?C<6 9? 8:892352B4< 2G;3D:49:;< 256 <5>3;?5@<59244h c;3<564h u5 <j2@C4< ?c 9138 38 {25 25G |25G D?@@:539he |1:l2 *:B/6389;3D9e |:2 r389;3D9e +25 |;?>35D< F1<;< 91< +29:;< 256 =5>3;?5@<59 A?:;524 F?:46 43l< 9? B;35G ?:; ;<26<;8 9? 3@@<;8< 256 4<2;5 91< F2h ?c <5>3;?5@<59244h c;3<564h 2G;3D:49:;< F13D1 @2l<8 91< D?@@:539h B<D?@< D?@@:539h @?6<4 c?; l5?F4<6G< 6388<@35293?5 9? c2;@<;8 35 13G14256 256 G<5<;24 2;<28

Origin of the Way of the Ban Pang Yang Community Model

8:CC?;935G 9<D153D24 l5?F4<6G< 256 @2;l<935G 0138 38 3539324 ?c 8:892352B4< 2G;3D:49:;< 35 {25 |25G 25G 256 B<D?@< 2 {25 |25G 25G 38 4?D29<6 35 |1:l2 *:B/6389;3D9e |:2 9?62h78 {25 |25G 25G D?@@:539h @?6<4 r389;3D9e +25 |;?>35D< )9 38 <892B4381<6 ?5 91< 89<<C @?:59235 Moving Towards Sustainable Agriculture 29 91< :23 +2@ }1:5 244<h F13D1 128 2><;2G< 1<3G19 of Ban Pang Yang Community 2;?:56 ../,e... @<9;<8 2B?>< 8<2 4<><4 )9 38 248? 35 r?3 uc9<; 2Dl5?F4<6G<6 91< ;<b:<89e 91< k?h24 |;?E<D9 |1:l2 +293?524 |2;l 256 r?3 |1:l2 256 |12 r2<5G +293?524 8:;><h<6 9F? >3442G<8 ?c {25 |25G 25G D?@@:539h 256 k<8<;>< a?;<89 u44 >3442G<;8 F<;< C;<>3?:84h D244<6 q2: 91<5 U=j9<583?5 |;?E<D9 ?c |25G 25G k?h24 |;?E<D9e ?F<><;e 5?F262h8e 91<h D244 91<@8<4><8 U|12? 0135V |:2 r389;3D9e +25V F28 892;9<6 35 .. 01< <j9<583?5 01<3; @235 ?DD:C293?5 38 2G;3D:49:;389 |;<>3?:84he 91<h 12>< C;?E<D9 F?;l<6 9?G<91<; F391 D?@@:5393<8 256 ?91<; B<<5 26?C935G 13G14256 c?; ;?9293?524 c2;@35G c?; :C4256 2G<5D3<8 )9 F28 D??;63529<6 F391 r<C2;9@<59 ?c +293?524 ;3D< q29<;e 91<h c2D<6 8<><;24 C;?B4<@8 ?c 358:csD3<59 ;3D< |2;le t34643c< 256 |4259 g?58<;>293?5e >3442G<;8 256 5?5 c?; 91<3; D?58:@C93?5 B<D2:8< ?c 89<<C 4256e :58:392B4< G?><;5@<59 ?;G2538293?58 35 91< 2;<2 35 ?;6<; 9? 6<s5< c2;@35G 4256 256 F29<; 81?;92G< 01<8< C;?B4<@8 4<6 91<@ 91< D4<2; B?:562;h B<9F<<5 c?;<89 256 2G;3D:49:;<e 256 9? 8b:29 c?;<894256 35 ?;6<; 9? <j9<56 ;3D< D:493>29<6 2;<2e 8:;><h 2G;3D:49:;24 2;<2 {<D2:8< ?c 91< D?@@:539h 4?D29<6 256 8:B8<b:<594h 35D;<2835G 2G;3D:49:;24 D1<@3D24 :82G< 35 91< |1:l2 +293?524 |2;le 39 38 5<D<882;h 9? 6<s5< D4<2;4h 01<8< D2:8<6 <5>3;?5@<5924 C;?B4<@8 8:D1 28 c?;<89 398 B?:562;h u9 9138 892G<e >3442G<;8 ;<9:;5<6 91<3; :93439h 6<9<;3?;293?5 256 8?34 <;?83?5 35 91< D?@@:539h g?58<b:<594he 2;<28 35 91< :C89;<2@ 9? 91< r<C2;9@<59 ?c +293?524 |2;le {25 |25G 25G F28 36<593s<6 28 2 ;38l 2;<2 ?c 42568436< t34643c< 256 |4259 g?58<;>293?5 256 1<4C<6 9? C;<8<;>< a;?@ 91<8< 388:<8e 25 <5>3;?5@<59244h D?5D<;535G 91< c?;<89 35 :C89;<2@ uc9<; 9129e 91< <j9<583?5 C;?E<D9 G;?:C ?c c2;@<;8 F1? F<;< c;?@ m?? , {25 |25G 25G C;<C2;<6 2 D?@@:539h C425 Bh D?44<D935G >3442G<;78 C;?B4<@8 256 m?? {25 }1:5 ??5e E?35<6 9?G<91<; c?; 8?4>35G 91< 256 6<@2568 5D< 91< C;?B4<@8 256 6<@2568 F<;< C;?B4<@8 256 8<2;D135G c?; 8:892352B4< 2G;3D:49:;< G:36<435<8 83@:4925<?:84h 5934 ..Je {25 |25G 25G D?@@:539h 8<59 2 ;<D?G53f<6e 91< <j9<583?5 C;?E<D9 D;<29<6 2D93?5 C;?E<D98 4<99<; 9? 2 G?><;535G 2G<5Dh 256 91<5 m; |2;35h2 |2591?5Ge 9? 8:CC?;9 4?D248 35D4:635G 83j 28C<D98 <D?5?@he 8?D3<9he |;?>35D324 G?><;5?; ?c +25 29 91< 9129 93@< C288<6 91< <5>3;?5@<59e c:562@<5924 c2D3439he C:B43D 1<2491 256 4<99<; 9? |;<836<59 ?c k?h24 |;?E<D9 a?:56293?5 28l35G c?; <6:D293?5 01< 2D93?5 C;?E<D98 F<;< 8:CC?;9<6 Bh +R>G=< RTC ,T;Q=:TW<T> g:B) +:) hP=QB ! jGT< kqs

$" & -, - '& &8 ' $ $ ( ' $ $ ) $ % '$ $ % ) ! ) 2 $$ - % / +- " ?= 7 $ $ $= ' $ $ ( Â&#x2018; , " 2 $ )

$ $= ,2 ,= 5 % 2 $) = - % / $ 5 $ $ (= & " " , - ( ' $ $ Â&#x2018; , " 5 $ $& $* 0 7 $= ' ' /))$ ! 7 " " $ ,2 )$2 6 ! 6 ,( ( 2 " , - $ - , " 5 $ $ $ *+ ( $ % $%! $! , - )| , ,2 , - 0 2 $ 5 $

: ;&|- $" -, & - '& &8 &* % 2 , 1 , - &= Â&#x2039; 7 $ Â&#x152; / 0 2 $) = - % / * & &$2 " 5 $ $" , - ' $ $ ( Â&#x2018; ' 5 $ $ & " $ ' $ $ - ! (= ) = - % / % ) 0 {9 $ ( $ 0 2 ,% $) = - % / / ( ( 2 &= $) = /$ ' " ( ( 2 Â˛ )$ 6 Ă&#x20AC;{9 2 ' $ /$ 2 ) = /$ / ( ( 2 Â˛ zĂ&#x20AC;{ 2' $ /$ + 0 " 5 $ $ " , - " & " 2 $ 0 - % / ,2 +-

!$Q Hy % ( L ( P M Q% \] (M%N %%$ N S %L % # " O%& &%N !$P #!$ '% Â? %%y N P HLM S!# % HM% I MHY Â? %%yN %$N" ^O H (# # " QM !y % S % & ML! L Â&#x201E;` O H ( O%P% &N%!$ & ! L Â&#x201E;` O H ( O%P% &N%!$ Q] %H !y % & %ML %S% L %" J % O& YZH Q M O Â&#x201E;QQM# &N%Z % [ S( H ]HY #M " ML O & Q H % # % Â&#x201D; % OTH L %QM M % % OTH L % y L WIO y %MH % S M TQM M % % y %MH %! M # H %y N W O - QM M Y[S^ H y %MH %%y N L QM M y H MX% !$ % _ %$ % M# ^ $#% L % # I%#T QM# LL! M # H HY T !# M#

$# P OTH H % '% %

zHkW VWTTNkW Â&#x17E;MO OÂĄKOHFGQH CXQÂÖUK QV KMO Â?EHJ Ă&#x192;EHJ Â&#x201D;QÈR Â?XQÂÖUK UQQXYGHEKOY ]GKM ÂżEH Pang Yang School and ban Pang Yang community conducting activities about harvest rice terrace at the learning centre of the extension project in order to exchange knowledge and skills related to rice terrace techniques among VEXZOXFÂ COQCRO ]MQ EXO GHKOXOFKOY EHY QV_UGERF QV KMO OÂĄKOHFGQH CXQÂÖUK[ The objective is to support farmers to apply knowledge and technologies for increasing rice yield and quality in their areas as well as to aware the impact of forest encroachment for extending agricultural area.

Â&#x201A;{]NOLNSWI Z` zHkW VWTTNkW Â&#x17E;MO ÂžGJMREHY Â&#x201D;OFOEXUM EHY ÂĽOÂ&#x2122;ORQCZOHK Â§HFKGK^KO Â&#x2039;Â?^qRGU Â&#x2014;XJEHGFEKGQHÂ&#x152; YGFFOZGHEKOY EHY CXQZQKOY XGUO KOXXEUO KOUMHGj^OF KQ VEXZOXF GH KMO OÂĄKOHFGQH CXQÂ¨OUK EXOE[ Â&#x17E;MOXO ]OXO {9 VEXZOXF participated in the programme and established group of Ban Pang yang rice terrace farmers. Performance of this programme indicated that productivity of rice terrace approach was higher than of upland rice approach. Yield of XGUO KOXXEUO ECCXQEUM ]EF ECCXQÂĄGZEKO Ă&#x20AC;{9 Â&#x2013;GRQJXEZZOF COX XEG QH EÂ&#x2122;OXEJO ]MGRO EÂ&#x2122;OXEJO `GORY QV ^CREHY XGUO ECCXQEUM ]EF zĂ&#x20AC;{ Â&#x2013;GRQJXEZZOF COX XEG[ This result encouraged farmers to be more interested in rice terrace approach.

I& ' !? I>& QM !y ^O H Â&#x192;ÂŁÂ¤%Â&#x192;IO S LI [T ( % QM H S & ]HY L WI `Â&#x201E; ` ! _ % P%H %S HM YT Â&#x192;ÂŁ%Â¤ Â&#x192;I % L% &%N !$ I QM L H !y S#ÂŤ MH QM !$ S % H ! H y % % !O^%^ #$ & P

HY H ~% # ML # % QI PQP ( ^O H [ OT H P O $ Â&#x2030;Â&#x2014; M H % ÂŁÂ¤ % Y H P %! $# T H MX% LL %S HM YT % %y N #H IH Â? L % IH ` Â&#x2030;H & O S LI [T( % H M ! #( % I& {ZZJ HF^ v ^O H (# # " % % HML % # %!$ H$ # ( ! y %MH %! M # H %yN W O - QM M Y[S^ H & QM %yN P P%H HY y %MH % %y N L QM M y & ML S LL%y N L P O I H$ P % yN P H ^# %T # _IH L WIO LQ % %

& ML S %! O % O ML &N%!$ P%H !y % (MN%LM%" P S %

I& D v Z QM !y Ô H QM# Â&#x192;ÂŁÂ¤%Â&#x192;I O H #! $ W ( S % & Â&#x192;ÂŁÂ¤%Â&#x192;I & S%" P%! _ % MX% MH I H $#% I Â&#x192;ÂŁÂ¤%Â&#x192;I P ^# %TQ H & ! _ % Ô H QM# MX% ~ ! _ % I& ' ' [ Ô H (# # %HML

& '% #" y ML S %P%! _ % H !y % (MN%LM%" H OM & H H~L ~ M% ST( ! _ % H MX% $ % # % [ S(P%! _ % & Â&#x2014; HM% O LOS H L ( ^ O"( & H M M% TH !y # M% S#T S # O ( (~ ( O%P% S % I& D %ML %S%H QH H $#% I H ~H I& 'J!" %ML %S%H QH H [TH S ! M #T _ LM % HY H H Q S % # % QM P $H L P O I %H HY Â&#x2026; O & ( # %ML %S%H QH H$ÂŹ S % $H ! _ %!$ &L! HM% # %^O H Â&#x2020; !y H IHQ & P H O I O ( PQ _%y " x LM " Q 60

! "# $$%

>2;3?:8 2G<5D3<8 8:D1 28 +25 |;?>35D324 u6@35389;293?5 Â&#x2039;;G2538293?5e |1:l2 *:B/6389;3D9 u6@35389;293>< Â&#x2039;;G2538293?5e +25 |;?>35D324 q3><89?Dl Â&#x2039;csD<e t29<; k<8?:;D<8 k<G3?524 Â&#x2039;csD< -91 |139825:4?le {:;<2: ?c Â&#x2013;;?:56F29<; k<8?:;D<8 q2@C25Ge q256 r<><4?C@<59 r<C2;9@<59e *342C<9D1 |:B43D Â&#x17D;<2491 g<59;<e {25 |25G Â&#x201C;25G *D1??4e g<59;< c?; uG;3D:49:;24 k<8?:;D<8 *h89<@ k<8<2;D1 ?c a2D:49h ?c uG;3D:49:;< 29 g1325G m23 Â&#x;53><;839he 256 5?5 G?><;5@<59 ?;G2538293?58 7/ # 7# & %|8 ,?;, $ 0 ) = % , - &= ? , >!7

& %, - = 2 ? + / $ % , >!7 ). , >!7%$2&! >2ÂŞ ! % ) " , >!7 * $! )=|$! * ). = 2)3## , - *2 &$ $/)&= $! = $! " " ! $ (= , , >!7 +- ). $ !$ 57, >!7 ! % ) : ;&|- # 7# & %|8 ,?;, $ , >!7 $ $2# 2%' " ( ( 2 &= !6 , '$ &= 4+ )3# ! $( 2 &= / & " " $ = $ 5 $ $" Â˛ )< '$ $ )3 !% % ) , , >!7 '$ , >!7 & 2- 42 ).

zHkW PTNHO JWQWkLHZO `ZT vRO Â&#x201E;INSW Â&#x201D;GUO U^RKGÂ&#x2122;EKGQH QH MGJMREHY XOj^GXOF JXEGHF KMEK appropriate to climate and area. So, grain selection in Ban Pang Yang community will choose pure rice grains for cultivation. Grain selection that was passed from generations to generations is local wisdom which creates food security to the further generations. As it helps people in the community love and commit to the grains, it conserves rice grain of Ban Pang yang community as well.

Â&#x201A;{]NOLNSWI Z` zHkW PTNHO JWQWkLHZO

Â&#x201D;GUO KMEK ]EF UMQFO GH JXEGH FOROUKGQH CXQUOFF ]GRR produce high yield, high productivity, be in good quality and have high resistance to disease which will help to minimise costs of production. The reasons are that there are no preservation costs or chemical or pesticide costs. Currently, Ban Pang Yang has several disease resistance plants such as Door Saturn rice and Sew rice.

/N-3- +N ,O N0 C;<C2;35G 2 ;<8<2;D1 C;?E<D9 c?; ;<89?;293?5 ?c c??6 ;<8?:;D<8 256 4?D24 B3?63><;839h 35 ?;6<; 9? ;<12B 4?D24 c??6 256 1<;B8e 6<><4?C35G 2 4<2;535G C;?G;2@@< c?; ;<12BB35G 256 :9343835G 4?D24 C42598e ;<8<2;D135G 4?D24 @:81;??@8 c?; c??6 256 35D?@< 8?:;D<8 ?c D?@@:539he c2;@35G ;3D< 9<;;2D< 256 D?44<D9 4?D24 ;3D< G;235 256 8:CC?;935G >3442G<; ?DD:C293?58 256 D?@@:539h 89;<5G91<5 Q-N+ 7 ,O N0 <5125D35G 256 8:CC?;935G 2D93>393<8 ?c 82>35G8 D??C<;293><e 89;<5G91<535G 2G;3D:49:;24 358939:9<8e D?@@:539h <59<;C;38<8e D?@@:539h78 8C?;98e 256 4?D24 1<;392G< ;39:248 /3*+ -3 30 7 ,O N0 C;<C2;35G C;?E<D98 c?; ;<12BB35G 91< 8?34 c<;93439h 256 C4259 5:9;3<59e 89:6h35G 256 D?44<D935G 91< 4?D24 F386?@ ?c 8?34 D?58<;>293?5 256 ;<89?;293?5 35 13G14256e 9;23535G 91< D?@C?8<6 c<;93438<; @2l35Ge 6<@?589;2935G 2 9<D15?4?G3D24 ?C<;293?5 c?; c2;@<;87 2Dl5?F4<6G< 256 2DD<C92B3439he <5D?:;2G35G 91< @353@3835G D1<@3D24 :82G<e @?539?;35G 91< C?44:93?5 D?592@35293?5e C;?@?935G 91< ?;G253D @299<; :82G<e 256 <5125D35G 91< 8?34 256 F29<; D?58<;>293?5 Bh ;<c?;<8935G 256 C425935G Â?<93><; G;288 35 ?;6<; 9? 35D;<28< 8?3478 ;3D15<88 256 ;<6:D< 8?34 <;?83?5 Â&#x201A;:3) 30 7 6 N+7+0. ,O N0 D??;6352935G F391 8<><;24 ;<429<6 2G<5D3<8 8:D1 28 t29<; k<8?:;D<8 k<G3?524 Â&#x2039;csD< -91 |139825:4?l 35 8<2;D135G F29<; 8?:;D<8 c?; 2G;3D:49:;<Â&#x2019; {:;<2: ?c Â&#x2013;;?:56F29<; k<8?:;D<8 q2@C25G 3@C;?>35G G;?:56F29<; 8h89<@Â&#x2019; 256 |1:l2 *:B/6389;3D9 u6@35389;293>< Â&#x2039;;G2538293?5 256 +25 |;?>35D324 u6@35389;293?5 Â&#x2039;;G2538293?5 35 3@C;?>35G 9;258C?;9293?5 ;?:9<8 256 26E:8935G ;3D< 9<;;2D< c?; D?@@:539h 9:;7+N 5 705 ,O N0 D??;6352935G F391 4?D24 1<2491 2G<5D3<8 9? C;<><59 256 D?59;?4 91< <C36<@3D ?c r<5G:< c<><;e 256 C;?@?935G 9? G<9 ;36 ?c @?8b:39? B;<<635G 8?:;D<8 /):N 0+-3 7 ,O N0 8:CC?;935G 91< 4<2;535G 2D93>393<8 c?; D1346;<5 256 9<<52G<;8 Bh C;?>3635G 9;23535G 35 2G;3D:4 9:;24 l5?F4<6G< Â&#x2026;Â&#x201C;?:91 k?h24 |;?E<D9 +<9F?;lÂ&#x2020; 256 ;<24 C;2D93D35G 9? G235 l5?F4<6G< 256 :56<;8925635G

Nature and Environment Vol. 2 No. 2 April - June 2013

;<@@ 6Y > 2 |@D 1 ; 6 Q HH M ( H S L %!$ $PQ MH H MX% H !y H HY O LOI" HMLH MHY Â&#x201E;QQSLM% S %L % # " %y S % ( I _$H HY # #M #&% \] Â&#x201E;QQM# MH( O y ~Q%$N O& H P S %" $#% I ( PQ O y OM`( HMLH $#% I _] !$ '% Â&#x201E;` ( S % O % % ! H "( Â&#x201E;` # S % %$N Q #P H !y % MX% " P%! ! !$_ HI #M #&% % HQ H%$N %MH H % # %!$ H$ # ( Q '% I %ML %S% %O I

!O^%^ #$ H P H S % M %MN% & S % H O I O ( PQ_] W Â&#x201E;` ( S % Q !y P H O & P%H H "( Â&#x201E;` !$ H~O& O y ~Q%M % Ô H (# # Ô H " MX% P% % H P HML HY H L % # P $ H(]N% $OS[W $ % HQ HQ $# H L ^WO #M _ H Qy % # '%H #" H$ ! Ô H (# # % % I LL H MX% LL YZH Q $# H '% ! !$ # ]HY % %S HM YT $H %] \] %ML H %ML %S% YZH Q S % !M N H I ! M # H % %y N Â? #P

H H %S MHYT! M # H " # #M #&%

;<=5 ; 7 , ID H % y % %^O H (# # Â&#x201E;` !$ L O& " L ^WO #" " P Q # L %Q] LSH SH!y # Â? &

&N%!$ P%H !y H HY $H!MN & !$ IHH~ '% & $ #

& IH %& % % ( %Q ( O S LI [T !y P H$ P O $ & W ( %Q] $#" H !L # H H O& H LSH SH &%N !$ Â? " & H HY % & ^! H M ! #( % % % ! H "(!$ ! ^O H (# # P H Â&#x201E;` O& H $N Q P HY H " ( PQ_] OS[ ^!Y!$ H (]N%Q HH LSH SH !y # Â? H P O $P%H HY Q% $H Â&#x192;ÂŁÂ¤%Â&#x192;I O S LI [T( % QM H S & %ML %S%P

HY H !y HY %! $# T %ML %S%! H ^ # %^O H H Â&#x2030;ÂĄH L Â&#x201D; & P HY H " ~%_] O H H IH & LL HY %! $#THMLH IH & ^ #H P O $ # M P HY H $O ( PQ _] O y OM` ( Â? " !$Q #HM% I MHY Â? ~%O y OM`( H MHY Q%H # '% IL % M # P IL % &% Â&#x201D; " ( ]HY $#% I _$H !y H HY O LOI" HMLH MHY

! "# $$%

$2 $7 , & (= " # % *+ 2 $ &2 >$$ 2 >$$ 2 )| / 0 - 0 > $ $ / $) = ;3 $! $! " $ !$ 57" ! -

$ )| = ( + ! & %=$67 $ / &2 )| ! & %=$67" $ $

$ & $* )| / , - $ 0 $ !$ 57/ " &=# /) 0 " , = , 2 * $ %! $! )| = & /)" )| * / )| / 0- $ !$ 57 Mr. Watcharin Panasan, Village headman, explained concept of environment and nature that nature is upstream forest which we have been taught for generations to conserve the forest. A clear example is that if we have forestland integrity, we will gain many things such as abundance of food and forest products like mushroom. Thus, we need to conserve the forest in order for enough food all the time. In addition, if we always invade the forest, it will be vanished in the future and no forest no water. Therefore, we have to conserve it together.

Ă&#x2026; * 7 , & & 2 7 $%$2 $& 0 % = *+ 2 $ &2 >$$ 2

$ )| / ! & %=$67" ! - ). $ " % / )| - 2 )$ 0 ,$ $ $ !$ 57' $ 0 ). % , -

). ~ & )| !$ 57' / )| ) = +- , $" )$ ' 7/ )| ) = " , -

Ă&#x2026; "Mr. Tawan Panasan, member of Phuka ÂŚ^qÂ¸YGFKXGUK \YZGHGFKXEKGÂ&#x2122;O Â&#x2014;XJEHGĂ&#x2021;EKGQHÂ ZOHKGQHOY KMO concept of environment and nature that we now have integrity forest. It is a food source of villagers who can gather forest products for their daily lives. This is because we preserve forest by dividing VQXOFK EXOE GHKQ ~ Ă&#x2021;QHOF UQHFGFKOY QV UQHFOXÂ&#x2122;OY VQXOFK EXOE without disturbance, planted forest utilization area and planted forest in their own area."

Success Factors in Ban Pang Yang

Problem, Difficulty and Solution

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