Werner herzog by Sreevasudeva Bhattathiri

sl多tkm-Kns\mcp BZ-c- ]p-kvXIw

WERNER HERZOG Published in honour of

WERNER HERZOG on the occasion of his being conferred with the Lifetime Achievement Award by Kerala State Chalachitra Academy at IFFK 2010, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

Editor: NEELAN

Kerala State Chalachitra Academy Thiruvananthapuram 2010

Chairman & Festival Director IFFK: K.R. Mohanan Vice Chairman: V. K. Joseph Secretary & Executive Director IFFK: Dr. K.S. Sreekumar Treasurer: K. Lalithambika (Director, Dept. of Cultural Affairs) Deputy Director & Artistic Director IFFK: Bina Paul Venugopal Deputy Director (Programmes): M. Sajitha Assistant Programmes Manager: G.R. Shiji Print Coordinator IFFK: Gopeekrishna S. Festival Cell: G.K. Sivaprasad, P.S. Sivakumar, K. Venukuttan Nair, K. Ravikumar, K. Harikumar, J. Sukumaran, S. Omana, Mary Ninan, A. Velappan Pillai, D. Jayakumari, G. Sashikala, Mansoor, Sajeev P., S. Sankara Narayanan, Sangeetha

WERNER HERZOG Chief Editor: Dr. K. S. Sreekumar (Secretary, KSCA) Editor: NEELAN (neelan.premji01@gmail.com) Design & Layout: vbhattathiri@gmail.com Price: `100 We are grateful to various film journals, festival publications, Film Festival websites and film websites from which we have borrowed materials to enrich this book. The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily that of the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy or the Editors.

Published by: Kerala State Chalachitra Academy Mani Bhavan, Sasthamangalam, Thiruvananthapuram Kerala, India - 695 010 Tel: +91-471-2310323, 2312214 Fax: +91-471-2313022 Email: iffkoffice@gmail.com www.keralafilm.org, www.iffk.in Processed and printed at: SB Press, Thiruvananthapuram

BapJw

sl¿tkmKv: Akm≤yØns‚ km≤yXIƒ ASq¿ tKm]m-eI - r-jvW≥

\h-P¿Ω≥ kn\n-abpw sl¿tkm-Kns‚ \ntbm-Khpw \oe≥

sl¿tkm-Kv, ^n‰vkvI-dmƒtUm, kn\na F∂ kml-kn-I-bm{X kn.-Fkv sh¶n-tS-iz-c≥

t{Im[-Øn-s‚bpw ]cm-Pb - Ø - n-s‚bpw ssZhw hn.sI tPmk^v

\mK-cn-IX - b - psS AXn¿Øn°p ]pdØv Pn.]n cma-N-{μ≥

^mjn-Ãp-I-fpsS A¥y-hn[n {]Jym-]n® tImamfn kÆn tPmk^v

Hcp a\p-jy≥ ]d-°p-Ib - mWv sF j◊p-JZ- mkv

\S-∂p-Xo¿t°≠ Xo¿∞m-S\ - ß - ƒ \oe≥ \nßƒ Pohn-X-Øns‚ kwKoXw tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m? sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv jq Xn∂p∂p "kn\na shcnsX': sl¿tkm-Kns‚ FXn¿ am\n-s^tÃm In≥kvIn: "Fs‚ {]nb-kp-lrØv' In≥kvIn-sb-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ Imcy-an-√m-ØX - ns\ Iog-S° - ¬

107 108

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv: Pohn-Xt- cJ sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv: Ne-®n-{X-tcJ

"The greatest filmmaker alive and working today." - Francois Truffaut on Werner Herzog Cannes Film Festival, 1975

BapJw

©v \yqthhv t]mse ae-bm-f-Øn¬ A{Xbv ° v N¿® sNø- s ∏- S mØ H∂mWv \hP¿Ω≥ kn\n-a. \hP¿Ω≥ kn\n-a-bpsS {]tbm‡m- ° - f mb sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKpw sdbv \ ¿ sh¿W¿ ^mkv_n-≥Udpw Ah-cpsS Ne®n{Xßfpw ae-bm-fn°v kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-sW-¶nepw Hcp {]ÿm-\s - a∂ \ne-bn¬ \h-P¿Ω≥kn-\n-ab - n-te°v \ΩpsS {i≤ th≠{X t]mbn-´n-s√∂p tXm∂p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv IFFK 2010 \h-P¿Ω≥ kn\n-a-bnte°v Hs∂-Øn-t\m-°p-∂Xv ˛ sl¿tkm-Kn-s‚bpw ^mkv_n-≥Udp-sSbpw Nn{X-{]-Z¿i-\-ßfneq-sS-.

Cu FØn- t \m- ´ Øns‚ {i≤m- t I- { μ- a mbn sl¿tkm-Kn-s\-Øs∂ apJym-Xn-Yn-bmbn Ne-®n-{Xtaf kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. temI-kn-\n-a-bnse Cu AXn-Im-bs\ sse^vssSw A®o-hvsa‚ v Ahm¿Uv \¬In tIcf kwÿm\ Ne-®n{X A°m-Zan BZcn-°p-∂p. Ign-™-h¿j-amWv A°m-Zan temI-kn\n-ab - nse {]Xn-`I - sf BZ-cn-°m-\mbn CØ-cs - amcp Ahm¿Uv G¿s∏- S p- Ø n- b - X v . tIc- f - Ø ns‚ A¥¿t±- i ob Ne- ® n- t {Xm- ’ - h sØ IqSp- X ¬ {it≤-bhpw A¥- p-‰X - p-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂p≠v Cu Ahm¿Uv. temI-kn-\n-ab - nse alm-Ne-®n-{X-Im-c∑ - mcnsemcm-fmb sl¿tkm-Kns\ Cu Ahm¿Un\p sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv \nd™ A`n-am-\-tØm-sSbmWv F∂p ]d-b-s´. t\cn´v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØØn Ahm¿Uv kzoI-cn-°m≥ sl¿tkmKv Xøm-dm-bXv Rßsf hf-sc-tbsd hn\-bm-\zn-X-cm°p-∂p. sl¿tkm-Kns‚ Nn{X-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw At±-lØns‚ khn-tij hy‡n-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®pw a\- nem-°m≥ Ne-®n-{X-t{]-an-Isf klm-bn-°p-I-b-mWv Cu eLp-{K-ŸØns‚ e£yw. am≤y-a-{]-h¿ØI\pw Ne-®n-{X-\n-cq-]I - \ - p-amb \oe-\mWv Cu IrXn Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. \oe-s‚bpw kplr-Øp-°-fpsSbpw ]cn-{iaw ta¬∏-d™ e£yw ssIh-cn-®n´p-s≠-∂v Dd-∏n®p ]d-bmw.

sI.-B¿ taml-\≥

sNb¿am≥ tIcf kwÿm\ Ne-®n{X A°m-Zan Xncp-h\ - ¥ - ] - pcw 27.11.2010

sl¿tkmKv:

©v \yqthhv kn\nabpsS {]ikvX \mb h‡mhpw {]tbm‡mhpamb {^m≥kzm {Xqt^m sh¿W¿ l¿tkmKns\ Hcn°¬ hntijn∏n®Xv Pohn®ncn°p∂ G‰hpw {]Xn`mim enbmb Ne®n{XImcs\∂mWv. \mev ]Xn‰m≠p Iƒ ]n∂nSp∂ sl¿tkmKns‚ Nen®n{Xk]cy ]n¥pScp∂ Hcp kn\namkzmZI\v Cu ]cma¿i Øn¬ sX√pw AXntbm‡n ImWm≥ Ignbns√∂p Xo¿®. Akm≤ysa∂p IcpXs∏Sp∂ {]tabßfpw hnjbßfpamWv Cu Ne®n{XImc\v F∂pw lcambncp∂n´p≈Xv . At±lØns‚ ta[mi ‡nsb∏‰n BtKmfXeØn¬ AwKoImcap≠m bncns°Øs∂ Ht´sd A]hmZßfpw H∏w {]N cn®ps≠∂XmWv hmkvXhw. sl¿tkmKns\∏‰n ASpØImeØndßnb Hcp ]pkvXIw (At±l hpambp≈ \o≠ A`napJßƒ tN¿ØXv )

Akm≤yØns‚ km≤yXIƒ

ASq¿ tKm]meIrjvW≥

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Bcw`n°p∂Xv Cß\sbmcp hmNIhpambmWv, "sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKns\∏‰n \nßƒ tIń´p≈Xv H´pap°mepw AkXyat{X'. Htckabw AcmPIhmZnbpw a\xÿncX bn√mØh\pw ^mjnÃpw addp≈hcpsS Poh≥ A]ISs∏SpØnbpw Xs‚ {`m¥mthißsf ]n¥pScp∂h\pw a\pjy∏‰n√mØh\pw Fs∂m s°bmWv ]ecpsSbpw ho£W hntijW ßfn¬ sl¿tkmKv . Pohn®ncn°p∂hcntem aäd™hcntem D≈ Hcp Ne®n{XImcs\ ∏‰nbpw C{Xtb sd A_≤PUneamb sFXnly ßƒ \n¿_m[w {]Ncn®nń√. sl¿tkmKns‚ thdn´p≈ hy‡nXzhpw {]h¿Ø\ssienbpw AXy¥w auenIamb Z¿i\ssh`hhpsam s°Øs∂bmhmw hncp≤hpw hnNn{Xhpamb ]e [mcWIƒ°pw hgnh®ncn°pI. F¥mbmepw Hcp Imcyw Xo¿®bmWv, Akm[mcWamb {]Xn`m{] kmZap≈ Cu Ne®n{XImc≥ a‰p≈hcn¬ \ns∂ms° Atº amdn\n¬°p∂p. \hP¿Ω≥kn\nabpsS {]tbm‡m°fmb sNdp∏°mcn¬ {][m\nbmbn IcpXs∏Sp∂ sl¿ tkmK,v ]n∂oSv Ncn{X{][m\{]Jym]\ambn FÆn ØpSßnb 1962se Hm_¿tlmk≥ am\ns^ tÃm hn¬ ssIsbm∏ph® £p`nXcmb Ccp]Ømdv bphm°fn¬ Hcmfmbncp∂n√. AeIvkm≠¿ ¢qKv, jvsf≥tUm¿^v, FUvKm¿ dokv XpSßnbh¿ t\XrXzw \¬In AhXcn∏n® am\ns^tÃm ]pXnb Xeapdbn¬ Bthiw]I¿∂psIm≠v {]Jym]n®p, "]gb kn\na NØp, \ap°v ]pXnb kn\na D≠mhWw, D≠m°Ww.' bp≤m\¥c

ap≈ P¿Ω\nbpsS H´pw A`nam\Ica√mØ cm{„ob-kmwkv°mcnI Imemhÿbpw kmºØn Iamμyhpw kmapZmbnIamb Ip‰t_m[hpw F√mw tN¿∂v kn\nasb Po¿Æamb I®hS ®c°pw A¥ mciq\yamb t\cwt]m°pam°n am‰nbncp∂ ImeLámbncp∂p AXv. 1965¬ P¿ Ω≥ Khs◊‚ v "bMv P¿Ω≥ ^nenw IΩn‰n' D≠m °pIbpw \hkn\nabv°v t]mjWtaIm\p≈ ]≤XnIƒ Bhnjv°cn°bpw sNbvsX¶nepw, hyhÿm]nX Ne®n{Xhyhkmbhpambn klI cn°phm≥ ]pXnb Ne®n{X{]XnÌƒ Iq´m°mXn cn°pIbmWv sNbvXXv. AºXpIfpsS Ahkm\w {^m≥kn¬ Ae bSn®pb¿∂ \yqthhv Cu sNdp∏°m¿°v {]tNm Z\ambn´ps≠∂v Xo¿®. Chcn¬ `qcn ]£hpw ayqWn°v ^nenwkvIqfn¬\n∂v ]Tn®ndßnbh cpambncp∂p. Fgp]XpIfpsS Bcwàmbt∏m tg°pw i‡amsbmcp k¿§[mcbmbn \hP¿Ω≥ kn\na hf¿∂pIgn™p. 1968¬ sl¿tkmKv \n¿Ωn® BZy IYmNn{Xamb ssk≥kv Hm^v sse^v Dƒs∏sS Hcp Ukt\mfw Nn{Xßƒ Hcp ]mt°Pmbn C¥ybnse {][m\ \Kcßfn¬ {]Z¿ in∏n®ncp∂Xv (Xncph\¥]pcØv Cu {]Z¿ i\w \SØnbXv "Nn{XteJ'bmWv) ChnsS Hm¿°s´. \hP¿Ω≥ kn\nabpsS Xe∏Øv {]XnjvTn° s∏ńcp∂t∏mƒt]mepw {]ÿm\Ønepƒs∏ ńcp∂ NnecpsS IrXnIsf∏‰n AXr]vX\mbn cp∂p Xms\∂v sl¿tkmKv ]ckyambn ]d™n ´p≠v. bphP¿Ω≥ kn\nabnse Nne IrXnIsf ¶nepw {]mYanIambpw {]mtZinIambnt∏mbn F∂

Xmbncp∂p At±lØns‚ {][m\ ]cmXn. sl¿tkmKn\v kn\nabpsS kmt¶XnIimJIfn sem∂nepwXs∂ Hu]NmcnIamb ]cnioe\w D≠mbn cp∂nń√. as‰mcp km¶XnIhnZKv≤s‚tbm kwhn[m bIs‚tbm klmbnbmbpw At±lw {]h¿Øn®nń√. kzm`mhnIambpw ^nenw kvIqfpIsf∏‰n At±lØn\v aXn∏pap≠mbncp∂n√. Ipń°meØv, Hcp F≥ssk t¢m]oUnbbn¬ ]Øp]Xn\©v ]pdßfnembn hniZoIcn®ncp∂ kn\nam\n¿ΩmWØns‚ kmt¶XnI hnhcßfmWv kn\nabnte°v At±lØns‚ [nj Wsb hgnXncn®phn´sX∂v ]dbs∏Sp∂p. kvIqƒ hnZym¿∞nbmbncns°Øs∂ kz¥ambn kn\nbv°p th≠ Xnc°Y Xømdm°pIbpw AXn\p≈ apX¬ apS°v cm{XnImeßfn¬ sh¬UnMv]Wn \SØn kzcq ]n°pIbpw sNbvX sl¿tkmKv Xs‚ ]sØmºXmw hb n¬ Hcp \n¿ΩmXmhns\ Is≠Ønb IY ]dbp ∂p≠v. Adnbs∏Sp∂ Hcp \n¿ΩmWIº\n°v Ab®p sImSpØ kv{In]v‰v Ah¿°n„ambn, Xßƒ ]Sw \n¿Ωn®psIm≈msa∂v Ahcdnbp°pIbpw sNbvXp. HSphn¬ XΩn¬ Hu]NmcnIamb DSºSnbn¬ ssIsbm ∏phbv°m\mbn At±lw \n¿ΩmW°º\nbnte°v Ibdns®∂p. apXn¿∂ Hcp kwhn[mbIs\ {]Xo£n ®ncp∂ \n¿amXm°fpsS ap∂n¬ At±lw kzbw ]cnNbs∏SpØn, sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv. \n¿ΩmX°ƒ Bt£]lmkyØn¬ s]mń®ncn°m≥ XpSßn, "aoi apfbv ° mØ Cu ]ø\mtWm kn\nasbSp°m≥ t]mIp∂Xv?' A[nt£]Øn\ncbmb sl¿tkmKv B \nanjw Xocpam\saSpØp, F¥p I„s∏´mepw Xs‚ kn\naIsf√mw Xm≥Xs∂ \n¿Ωn°pw. XnI™ Bflhnizmkw, \nc¥camb hni

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Ie\hmk\, ASßmØ At\zjWXzc CsXm s°bmWv Xs∂ Ign™ \m¬]Xntesd sIm√ ßfmbn apt∂m´p sIm≠pt]mIp∂sX∂v Cu [njWmimen hnizkn°p∂p. \s√mcp ]ntbmt\m hmb\°mc\mhm≥ Ip´n°meØpXs∂ ]cnio e\w Bcw`n°Wsa∂ncns°, t`Zs∏s´mcp Ne®n{XImc\mhm≥ {]mbw Hcp {]Xn_‘a√ F∂v At±lw ]dbmdp≠v. kvIqfn¬ ]Tn°p∂Xv Ime{IaØn¬ ad∂pt]mIp∂p, F∂m¬ Hcph≥ kzbw At\zjn®p Is≠Øp∂ A\p`h ]mTßƒ Fs∂∂tØ°pamWv. X\n°v CXn\Iw B¿÷n°m≥ Ign™n´p≈ kmt¶XnI]cn ⁄m\w tIhew {]mYanIXeØnep≈Xp am{X amsW∂v At±lw hnizkn°p∂p. ]co£Wß fneqsS IqSpX¬ a\ nem°m≥ {ian°pI, AXv hnPbIcas√¶n¬ Hcp kmt¶XnIhnZKv≤s‚ klmbw tXSpI ˛ F∂XmWv Xs‚ hnizmk {]amWw. a‰v k¿§kr„nIsfbt]£n®v kn\nam \n¿ΩmWw Gsd ¢n„amWv. inev]nsb {]Xntcm [n®p\nev°p∂Xv inebmWv, AXns\ Iptds» sNØnan\p°n inev]ap≠m°mw. F∂m¬ kn\na \n¿Ωn°p∂Xn\v kwLmS\w, apS°papX¬, kmt¶XnIX ˛ Cßs\ ]e {]Xntcm[ßƒ t\cn tS≠Xp≠v. hfsc I„s∏´v Nn{XoIcn°p∂ Hcp Zriyw, temt_md´dn°mcs‚ A{i≤ImcWw, kwkv°cWØn\p≈ ehWw Xømdm°p∂Xn¬ hcmhp∂ ]niIpt]mse Fs¥¶nepw ImcW Øm¬ A∏msS \„s∏´pt]mtb°mw. Bbnc° W°n\v BfpIsf kwLSn∏n®v \SØp∂ Hcp cwKØns‚ Nn{XWw, AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂ {][m\

\Ss‚ hbdpthZ\ImcWw \S°msX t]mImw. Nn{XØns‚ hnjaw]nSn® \n¿ΩmWL´ßfn¬ \nßfpsS Iq´p\n¿ΩmXmhv ]Wand°m≥ Xøm dmhmsX Imepamdnsb∂p hcmw. kn\nabpsS \n¿ΩmWØn\nSbn¬ A{]Xo £nXamb ]e hogvNIfpw kw`hnt®°mw. ]t£, AtX∏‰n ]cntZh\hpambn \S°p∂h¿ Cu sXmgnen\p tbmPn®hc√. A{]Xo£nXamb, BXy¥nIamb {]Xnk‘nIƒ Fßs\ t\cnS Wsa∂Xv Hcp Ne®n{XImc≥ Ahiyw Adn™n cn°Ww. Hcp ^nenwkvIqƒ XpSßp∂Xns\∏‰n Nnet∏mƒ BtemNn®n´p≈Xns\∏‰n sl¿tkmKv ]dbp∂p. {]thi\Øn\p≈ At]£mt^mdw e`n°phm≥ A¿lX t\SWsa¶n¬ At]£I≥ am{ZnZvapX¬ Iohvhscbp≈ Zqcw ˛ GItZiw Aømbncw Intemao‰¿ ˛ Im¬\Sbmbn bm{X sNbvXvp hcWw. Cu \SØbn¬ t\cnSp∂ A\p` hßsf∏‰n Hcp t\m´v_p°n¬ At∏mgt∏mgmbn Ipdn®psh°pI. F∂n´v Ahkm\w t\m´v_p°v sl¿tkmKn\v ka¿∏n°pI. t\m´v_p°v hmbn®p t\m°nbm¬ icn°pw Im¬\Sbmbn bm{XsNbvX bmsf Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbpw. \S∂e™ph∂h≥ ^nenw\n¿ΩmWsØ∏‰n Hcp]mSpImcyßƒ {Kln ®ncn°pw. kn\nasb¥msW∂pw Xm\n\n GXp hgn°v XncnbWsa∂pw ¢mkvapdpbnencp∂v ]Tn ®hs\°mƒ F{Xtbm aSßv hy‡ambn Abmƒ Adn™ncn°pw. kv{In]v‰v FgpXm\ncn°ptºmƒ GsX¶nepw Hcp sFUntbmfPnsb ap∂n¬°t≠m apIfn¬ {]XnjvTnt®m A√, adn®v hfsc efnXamb coXn

bn¬ Xs‚ kz]v\ßƒ t\cn´v shfns∏SpIbmWv sNøp∂sX∂v sl¿tkmKv Xs‚ cN\mcoXnsb ∏‰n ]dbp∂p. kz]v\ßƒ Xs‚ apºn¬ A\mh cWw sNøp∂XmsIs´ Gs¥¶nepw apdbvt°m t\ctØ ]cnNbap≈ coXnIfntem A√Xs∂. ]et∏mgpw s]mXpth {]Xo£n°s∏Sp∂ bp‡n tbm XpS¿®Xs∂tbm AØcw kz]v\Z¿i\ Øn¬ D≠mImdn√. ]et∏mgpw A{X hy‡a√mØ Bibßfn¬\n∂mWv XpS°w. {ItaW ˛ Nne t∏mƒ ImtdmSn®p t]mIptºmgmbncn°mw, C\n Nnet∏mƒ shdpsX \S°ptºmtgm As√¶n¬ t\cn´p _‘an√mØ Fs¥¶nepw {]hrØnbn¬ G¿s∏´ncn°ptºmtgm ˛ AXn\v Iptds» hy‡X h∂pXpSßp∂p. ]ns∂ kn\na Hcp Xnc»oebnse ∂t]mse I≠pXpSßp∂p. hfsc thKØnemWv FgpØv. a‰v A{][m\ambsX√mw am‰nh®v Fgp Øn¬ {i≤tI{μoIcn°p∂p. AXnte°v PohnX tNX\ kzbw h∂ptNcp∂p. CØcØn¬ Btdgp ZnhkwsIm≠v Hcp kv{In]v‰v FgpXnØo¿°mdp≠v. t\tc ssS]vssd ‰dns‚tbm Iºyq´dns‚tbm ap∂nencp∂v Bthi Øn¬ ASn®p≠m°pIbmWv Xnc°Y. X\n°v Aßs\ kzbw Xncn®dnbmhp∂ Hcp sFUntbmfPn Fs¥¶nepap≈Xmbn sl¿tkmKv IcpXp∂n√. F∂m¬ Xs‚ \ne]mSpIsf∏‰n Bfp Iƒ°v AdnbmsXbn√. XpS°sahnsSsb∂pw Ftßm´mWv \o°sa∂psams° Ah¿°dnbmw. ]t£ CsXm∂pw Hcp sFUntbmfPnbpsS `mKa√. Xs‚ kz¥w \nebn¬ Xm≥ temIsØ ImWp∂p, AXn\\pkcWambn IYIfpw Imgv

NIfpw sa\bp∂p. HSphn¬ Ahbv°v X\Xpw hnizk\obhpamb cq]`mhLS\Iƒ Dcphm Ip∂p. Nnesc kw_‘n®nStØmfw, Cu kn\n aIƒ I≠pIgn™mepw Xm≥ FhnsS \nev°p∂p sh∂ ImcyØn¬ kwibßƒ Ahtijn

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

`mh\sb sImesNøp∂p. ]gIn {Zhn® Zriy Iev]\Ifn¬ \ΩpsS P\kaqlw Zcn{Zambn°gn ™ncn°p∂p. ]pXnb ZriyIev]\Iƒ°v CSwImWmØ temIw t\cnSp∂Xv Hcp]t£ \yq¢nb¿ πm‚p Ifn¬\n∂p t\cnSmhp∂sX∂v \Ωƒ IcpXp∂ Zpc¥tØ°mƒ hepXmsW∂XmWv kXyw. ]pXnb ZriyIev]\Iƒ°v cq]w\¬Im≥ Ign ™ns√¶n¬ a\pjycmin Znt\mkmdpIsft∏mse A\yw\n∂pt]mIp∂ Ahÿbp≠mhpsa∂v Xo¿®. \ΩpsS kwkvIrXnbpambn a\pjya\ ns‚ Dƒt{]cWIfpbmbn cays∏Sp∂ ]pXnb Zriy `wKnIƒ \ap°v Is≠tØ≠nbncn°p∂p. ]pXnb ZriyIev]\IfpsS At\zjWØnte¿s∏Sp∂ GXp kn\nabpw ˛ AXnse IYbpw ImcyhnNm chpw GXphgnt°m Bhs´, C°mcWsam∂n \m¬Øs∂ A`nImayambn amdpIbmWv. bmYm¿∞yØns‚bpw k¿§`mh\bpsSbpw CSbnep≈ AXn¿hcºpIƒ \nc¥cambn t`Zn°pIbpw ImgvN°mc\n¬ ÿePe{`m¥n kr„n°pIbpw sNøp∂ Akm[mcWXzamWv sl¿tkmKv IrXnIfpsS {]tXyIX. IYmNn{X ßtfmSpw tUmIypsa‚dnItfmSpw HtcXcw kao ]\amWv At±lw kzoIcn®pt]mcp∂Xv. Aº Xn¬∏cap≈ At±lØns‚ kn\naIƒ F√mw Xs∂ bYm¿∞ semt°j\pIfn¬h®mWv Nn{Xo Icn°s∏´n´p≈Xv . C°mcyØn¬ IYmNn{X sat∂m tUmIypsa‚dnsbt∂m D≈ hIXncn°¬ Ct√bn√. c≠nepw \m´pImcpw km[mcW P\

t®°mw. F∂m¬ Xs∂ kw_‘n®nStØmfw sFUntbmfPnsb∂p ]dbp∂Xv Xs‚ kn\na tbmSp≈ kao]\hpw AXns‚ krjvSnbpamWv. sFUntbmfPnbpsS t]cn¬ Xs‚ krjvSnIsf kao]n°pIbpw A]{KYn°pIbpw hna¿in°p Ibpw sNøp∂htcmSv sl¿tkKv tNmZn°p∂Xv CXmWv, ""tIm¨dmUns‚bpw slanMvthbpsSbpw Im^v I bpsSbpw As√¶n¬ tKmbbpsSbpw Imkv]¿ tUhnUv {^o{Un®ns‚bpw sFUntbm fPn F¥mbncp∂p?'' B[p\nIImesØ a\pjys‚ ZriyIev] \bpsS A]cym]vXXsb∏‰n F∂pw hymIpes∏ Sp∂ a\ mWv sl¿tkmKnt‚Xv. \ΩpsS Np‰p ap≈ ImgvNIƒ°v tXbvam\w kw`hn®ncn°p∂p sh∂v At±lw ZrVambn hnizkn°p∂p. Ahsb \mw Zpcp]tbmKwsNbvXpw \mWwsISpØnbpw A]am\n®ncn°p∂p. a\pjys‚ kmwkvImcnI ]ptcmKXnbpsS ]n∂mºpdØv s]´pt]mbncn° bmWv Ah. C°mcyØn¬ \s√mcp ]¶v sSenhnj \p≈XmWv . sSenhnj≥ P\kmam\yØns‚

ßfpw ]s¶Sp°pw. tUmIypsa‚dnIfn¬ s{]m^ j\¬ \So\S∑m¿ D≠mhn√ Ft∂bp≈p. temI Øp≈ F√m `qJﬁßfnepsaØn At±lw kn\naIƒ \n¿Ωn®n´p≠v . AtabambXns\ At\zjn®p≈ Ne®n{Xbm{XIfn¬ Aaqeyamb ]eXpw Is≠Øp∂p≠v sl¿tkmKv. At\zjWw apt∂m´pw ]nt∂m´pap≠v , Ncn{XØnte°pw hnZqc`mhnbnte°pXs∂bpw. BZy IYm Nn{Xamb ssk≥kv Hm^v sse^v ]n∂oSv hcm \ncp∂ sl¿tkmKv IYm]m{XßfpsS e£Ww XnI™ Hcp apt∂mSnbmbncp∂psh∂v ]dbmw. bp≤m\¥cImew. \mknIƒ ]nSn®S°nbn cp∂ {Koknse A[nIw Bƒ∏m¿∏n√mØ Hcp Zzo]n¬, _m°nh∂ Bbp[tiJcw kq£n°p∂ tPmenbnemWv bph`S\mb kvt{SmskIv. Abmƒ cm]IepIƒ ]pdØp\n∂v hs∂Øntb°mhp∂ A⁄mXi{Xp°fpsS B{IaWØn¬\n∂v Bbp[∏pcsb Pm{KXtbmsS ImØpkq£n®p \n∂p. Aßs\ Imewt]msI ISpØ GIm¥ Xbpw th\ens‚ NqSpw Gs‰SpØ tPmenbpsS hy¿∞Xbpw F√mwtN¿∂v AbmfpsS ka\ne sX‰n®p. kao]{]tZiØp≈ ]´WØnte°v A{]Xo£nXambn tdm°‰pIƒ ]mbphm≥ XpSßn. C√mØ i{Xphn\pt\tc at\m\ne XIcm dnemb `S≥ bq≤w Agn®phnSpIbmbncp∂p. ]q¿Æambpw {`m¥nte°v hgpXnhoW kvt{Sm sk°ns\ \m´pIm¿ HmSn°qSn _‘\Ønem°p ∂Xphsc \ofp∂p≠v A\¥c kw`hßƒ. tIhehy‡nIfnte°v Bbpt[m]tbmK Øn\p≈ A[nImcw FØptºmgp≠mImhp∂

AXnhn]Øpw B ÿnXnhntijØnte°v a\p jy≥ sN∂ptNcp∂Xnse A]lmkyXbpamWv Nn{Xw \tΩmSv kwhZn°p∂Xv. Hcp I∂n°mcs‚ Bﬂhnizmkw \nd™, `mhnsb∏‰n \ndsb hmKv Zm\ßƒ hln°p∂, AXy¥w ImenI{]m[m \yhpw IqSnbp≈ Hcp kp{][m\ Nn{Xambncp∂p ssk≥kv Hm^v sse^v. Hc¿∞Øn¬ ]n∂oSv hcp∂ ]e {][m\ Nn{Xßfnsebpw {]tabhnjb ßtfmsSmØ {]Xn\mbIk¶ev]w, at\m\ne sX‰p∂ IYm]m{Xßƒ, ]e PohnXkμ¿`ß fnepw \nd™p \n¬°p∂ sshcp≤yßfpsS A] lmkyX, PohnXØns‚Xs∂ \nc¿∞IX ˛ F∂n ßs\ ]e BibßfpsSbpw s]mSnthcpIƒ Cu Nn{XØn¬ ]S¿∂p \nev°p∂p≠v. Cu kabw jvse≥tUm¿^pw ^mkv_n≥ ssk≥kv Hm^v sse^v

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

°mbn FgpXs∏´, GXm\pw kmlknI \mbI ∑mcpsS hocIYIƒ {lkzambn ]dbp∂ ]pkvX IØn¬ bmZr—nIambn hmbn°m\nSbmb tem]v sZ AKzntdsb∏‰nbp≈ GXm\pw t]PpfmIfmWv sl¿tkmKn\v {]tNmZ\ambXv. Ncn{X]pkvXI ßƒ AØcw kmlknIcpsS hnPbIYIfm Wt√m F√mbvt]mgpw ]dbpI. CXv ]Xn\mdmw \q‰m≠n¬ kvs]bv\nse cmPmhv kz¿Æth´bv°v A[nIcs∏SpØn Ab°p∂ Hcp]‰w `S∑mcpsS t\XrXzØnte°v kzbw Ahtcm[n®v kz¿Æ km{amPyw At\zjn®ndßp∂ A[nImc Zp¿tΩm lnbpw {`m¥\pw ZpjvT\pamb Hcphs‚ Zpc¥ IYbmWv. 1972¬ \n¿Ωn® Cu Nn{XØn¬ ¢ukv In≥kvInbmWv A[nImc{]aØ\pw \njvTpc\pw at\mtcmKnbpamb \mbIIYm]m{XsØ AhX cn∏n°p∂Xv. t\m°nepw \SØbnepsa√mw Hcp Xmt¥m∂nbmWv Xms\∂v hnfn®p]dbp∂Xm bncp∂p In≥kvInbpsS khntij hy‡nXzw. AKzntdbpsS tdmfn¬ as‰mcmƒ icnbmhns√∂ DØat_m≤ytØmsSbmWv sl¿tkmKv hnhmZ ]pcpj\pambn _‘s∏´v kv{In]v‰v hmbn°p∂ Xn\pth≠n G¬∏n®Xv. shfp∏ns\ aq∂paWn°v t^m¨ hnfn®pW¿Øn XpSsc Hcph≥ h√m sØmcp i_vZØn¬ A´lkn°phm≥ XpSßn. Dd°wsISpØnb t{Zmln Bcmbncn°psa∂v Dulns®Sp°m≥ sl¿tkmKn\v GXm\pw an\n ‰pIƒ th≠nh∂p. XpS¿∂v X\n°pXs∂ B tdmƒ sNøWsa∂v In≥kv I n sl¿tkmKn\v Bh¿Øn®v At]£n°pIbmWv. F∂m¬, jq´nMv Bcw`n®tXmSpIqSn In≥kv

Udpw hnw sh≥tUgvkpw AeIvkm≠¿ ¢qKpw F√mw tN¿∂p≈ \hP¿Ω≥ kn\nabpsS H∂mw \nc AwKoIrXambn°gn™ncp∂p. Cu XcwK Øn¬ h∂hsc√mw Htc Xc°mtcm \nehmc °mtcm Bbncp∂ns√∂Xpw Hm¿t°≠XmWv. Cu kn\naIƒs°√mwIqSn s]mXphmb kz`m sshIyw D≠mhpIsb∂Xpw kzm`mhnIambncp ∂n√. {]mtZinIXbn¬\n∂pb¿∂v XnI®pw A¥¿ t±iobambncp∂p sl¿tkmKns‚ At\zjW \nco£W{iaßƒ. AXpsIm≠mhWw, Xs‚ kn\naIƒ P¿Ω\nbnte°mƒ kzoIcn°s∏´Xv ]pdwcmPyßfnemsW∂v sl¿tkmKv ]dbp∂Xv. sl¿tkmKns‚ kn\naIfn¬ G‰hpw {]Io¿ Øn°s∏ń´p≈Xpw BtKmfXeØn¬Øs∂ P\kΩXn t\Snbp´p≈Xpamb AKzntd Zn dmØv Hm^v tKmUns‚ \n¿ΩmW{]{InbXs∂ Hcp hockmlknINn{XØns‚ kz`mhßsf√mw tN¿ ∂Xt{X. Hcp Iq´pImcs‚ hoń¬h®v, IpńIƒ

InbpsS X\n\ndw I≠pXpSßn. AKzntdsb Fßs\ AhXcn∏n°Wsa∂Xns\∏‰nbmbn X¿°w. X\n {`m¥\mbn, Xmt¥m∂nbmbn thW sa∂v In≥kv I n. A√, {`m¥pw [n°mchpw Aßs\ ]pdtØs°Sp°msX HXp°n, AXy¥w kwba\tØmsS B IYm]m{XsØ AhXcn∏n °ptºmƒ AXn\v `bs∏SpØp∂XcØnep≈ Hcp A\p`hXeap≠mhpsa∂v sl¿tkmKv. AhcpsS hg°pIƒ BZyhkm\w XpS¿∂pt]m∂psh ∂mWv IY. h≈nIƒ hcn™psIńb NßmSß fn¬ BatkmWns‚ t]mjI\ZnIfnse sh≈ ®m´ßfn¬ hoWpw apßnbpw XmWpw Bg®pgn Ifn¬ Np‰nbpw Idßnbpw Poh≥ ]Wbwh®p sIm≠mbncp∂p Nn{XWw. ]t£ B AXnkml kßfn¬\n∂v \msamcn°epw ad°mØ Hcp IYm ]m{Xhpw kn\nabpw DSseSpØp. In≥kvIn kwhn [mbI\pambn am{Xa√, Nn{XWbqWn‰nse AwK ßfpambpw, F¥n\v Im´ph¿§°mcmb At\Iw hcp∂ FIvkv{SmItfmSp,w A]acymZbmbn s]cp amdn. Abmsf kln°m\mhmsX, A\phmZw X∂m¬ Bsfbßv Xń°fbmsa∂v Im´ph¿§ °mcnse Hcp aq∏≥ sl¿tkmKnt\mSv G‰p. sl¿ tkmKv X{¥]q¿hw, "\ap°ßs\ sNømw, ]t£ jqńMv H∂v Ignt™ms´' F∂v Hch[n hmßpI bmWp≠mbXv. sl¿tkmKns‚ kn\nabpsS Hcp {]tXyIX AXnse apJyIYm]m{XßfpsS a\ nepw {]hr Ønbnepw as‰m∂n\pw CSw\¬ImsX Xnßn∏ Xbp∂, ]et∏mgpw ]ng®sXt∂m hy¿∞sat∂m hntijn∏n°mhp∂ BthißfmWv. H_vsk

j≥ F∂v Cw•ojn¬ Ffp∏w hyhlcn°mhp∂ am\knImhÿ. CXn\p≈ aIntSmZmlc Wat{X ^n‰vkv°dmƒtUm. s]dphnse CIznt‰mkv F∂ SuWn¬ Ign bp∂ [\mTy\pw klrZb\pamb sFdnjvImc≥ ^n‰vkv°dmƒtUm {]ikvX Hm∏dm KmbI\mb F≥dotIm IcptkmbpsS ISpØ Bcm[I\mWv. AbmfpsS a\ nse NncImem`nemjamWv CIzn t‰mkn¬ Hcp Hm∏d Xntb‰¿ ]WnbpIsb∂Xv. B{Kl\n¿ΔlWØn\v [mcmfw ]WwthWw. BbnsSbp≠mb Hcp hym]cØn¬ ISpØ Xncn ®Sn t\cn´ncn°bpamWv. Aßs\bncns°bmWv s]dphnse `cWIqSw d∫¿h\ßƒ ]m´Øn\p sImSp°p∂ hnhcwIn´p∂Xv. F∂m¬, s]cpw em`wIn´p∂ G¿∏mSmbXn\m¬ a°hmdpw h\ßsfms° CXn\Iw t]mbn°gn™ncp∂p. F¶nepw sNs∂Øm≥ {]bmkap≈ Ingp°mw

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Xq°mb aeIfpw henb sh≈®m´ßfpw IS ∂p≈ HcnSØv Ipd®v h\w _m°nbps≠∂dn bp∂p. aebpsS C∏pdsØ \ZnbneqsS I∏¬ tatet°mSn®psN∂v, AXp aebnte°v X≈n °b‰n adphiØnd°nbm¬ {]kvXpX \Znbn seØmw. AhnsS\n∂v ]ns∂bpw k©cn®m¬ dy∫¿h\ßfmbn. Aßs\sbmcp kmlknI bm{Xbvs°mcpßn, t\cn´ Zpc¥]q¿Æamb A\p `hßfmWv ChnsS sl¿tkmKns‚ XrjvWsb {]tem`n∏n®Xv. 320 S¨ `mcap≈ Hcp I∏emWv sl¿tkmKv CXn\pth≠n Xømdm°nbXv. Xt±ihmknIfmb h\h¿§°mcpw \n¿ΩmWhIp∏nse tPmen°mcpw tN¿∂mWv AXn\p aptºm ]ntºm Bcpw {ian®nń √mØ HcpZyahpambn apt∂m´pt]mbXv . aqe IYbn¬ 40 S¨ am{Xw `mcap≈ Hcp I∏¬ Icbv °pIb‰n ]e `mKßfmbn s]mfns®SpØmWv ae Ib‰nbnd°nbXv. ChnsS I∏¬ Aßs\Xs∂ X≈n°b‰n Cd°pIbmbncp∂p. F∂p am{Xa√, henb sh≈®m´ßfn¬s]´v I∏¬ XIcptºmgpw AXns‚bp≈nencp∂v Nn{XWw \SØpIbm bncp∂p sl¿tkmKpw Iqćpw. bqWn‰nse Nne AwKßƒ°v £Xßtfs‰¶nepw jqńMv XpS¿ ∂tXbp≈q. Aßs\ kv { In]v ‰ n\∏pdpap≈ ]eXpw Nn{XØnseØn. I„∏mSpIƒ \nd™Xmbncp∂p Nn{XW Imew. ]ehn[ {]iv\ßƒ. apJyIYm]m{Xambn ho≠pwh∂ In≥kvInbmbncp∂p G‰hpw henb {]iv \ w. {]ikv X amb hg°pIfpw ]nWßn

t∏m°pw h[òjWnt]mepw ]eXhW Ah¿°n Sbnep≠mbn. h\h¿§°mcpw ]et∏mgpw Ahcpambn CS™p. Ahsc H∏w sIm≠pt]mIm≥ ]e X{¥ ßfpw kq{Xßfpsams° D]tbmKnt°≠nh∂p sl¿tkmKn\v. Nn{XWw ]e{]mhiyw \n¿Ønh °pIbpw kmºØnI{]iv\ßƒ {]Xnk‘nIƒ kr„n°pIbpsams° sNbv s X¶nepw sl¿ tkmKv Xs‚ e£yØn¬am{Xw a\ p\n¿Øn XnI™ BflhnizmktØmsS XpS¿∂p. Cu Nn{XØs‚ \n¿ΩmWsØ∏‰n \n¿Ωn® Zn _¿U≥ Hm^v {Uowkv F∂ tUmIypsa‚dn sl¿ tkmKns‚ kr„n{]{Inbsb∏‰nbp≈ Hscm∂m¥cw B[nImcnItcJbt{X. 1942¬ P\n® sl¿tkmKv Xs‚ BZy Nn{Xw, slcm¢nkv 1961 ¬ \n¿Ωn®p. sX‰pIƒ \nd™ Hcp sIm®pNn{Xambncp∂p AXv. F∂m¬ Aß s\b√msX as‰mcpcoXnbnepw kz¥ambp≈ kn\nam]T\w km[n°pambncp∂ns√∂v sl¿ tkmKv Dd∏n®p ]dbp∂p. 2010¬ c≠v Nn{Xßƒ ]q¿Ønbm°n, Zn tIhv Hm^v s^m¿tKm´≥ {Uowkpw lm∏n ]o∏nƒ ˛ F Cb¿ C≥ ss‰Kbpw. \S\pw \n¿ΩmXmhpw {KŸImc\pw Xnc° YmIrØpw kwhn[mbI\pw Hcp Uk\n¬∏cw Hm∏dIfpsS I¿ØmhpamWt±lw. "D]tbmKiq\yambXv ]Sshń∏nSn°p∂h≥' F∂mWv sl¿tkmKv Xs‚ kn\namkao]\ sØ∏‰n kzbw hntijn∏n°p∂Xv. z

Un. Uªyp {Kn^nØv

Un. Uªyp {Kn^nØv D≠m- ° n- b - s X√mw, t{_m°¨ tªmkw- k v , C≥tSm-f-d≥kv, _¿Øv Hm^v F t\j≥ ˛ \nß-tf-sX-Sp-Ømepw ˛ Kw`o-c-am-Wv. kn\n-a-bnse tjIvkv]n-b-dmWv {Kn^n-Øv. At±-l-Øns‚ kn\n-a-Iƒ ImWq; Hcp- Im-esØ \nßƒ°v s]s´∂p ]nSn-In-´pw. Rotten Tomatoes, November 17, 2009

_¿Øv Hm^v F t\j≥

AInc Iptdm-kmh

kºq¿Æ-amb ka-Xp-e\w km[n® Htc-sbmcp Nn{Xw, Rm≥ I≠n- ´ p- ≈ - X n¬h®v , dmtjmtam¨ BWv . CXv kn\n- a - b n¬ A{Xbv ° v km[m-c-W-a-√. Nne-t∏mƒ al-Ømb kwKoX-Øn¬ CXp \nßƒ A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-≠m-Imw. ]t£, kn\n-a-bn-enX,v Rm≥ CXn-\p-apºv A\p`-hn-®n-t´-bn-√. a\- ns\ Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ Hc\p-`-hw. Fßs\ Iptdm-kmh CXp km[n-s®Sp-Øp-sh∂v F\n-°-dn-bn-√. Ct∏m-gp-sa-\n-°Xv ]nSn-In-´p-∂n-√. CXmWv al-Ø-cw. dmtjm-tam¨

Rotten Tomatoes, November 17, 2009

\h-P¿Ω≥ kn\n-abpw sl¿tkmKns‚ \ntbm-Khpw

S-Iw-t]m-se-b√ kn\n-a. tkm∏p-≠m°p-∂-t]mse, sdmń-bp-≠m-°p-tºmse Hcp hymhkm-bnI {]hr-Øn-bpsS D¬∏-∂a - t{X kn\n-a. ("kn\n-am-hy-hk - mbw' {]Xn-k‘ - n-bn¬ F∂t√m F∂pw \mw ]{X-ß-fn¬°m-Wp∂Xv.) Ac-ßnse \mSy-{]tbm-KsØ s]ń-bn-em°n sIm≠p-\-S-°m-\m-hn-√. AX-ßs\ {]Z¿in-∏n®v s]cp-∏n-°m-\p-am-hn-√. Hmtcm Ac-ßnepw Hmtcm ]pXnb \mSIw D≠mth-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tKm]n-bm-im≥ Hmtcm Acßnepw sIń-bm-Sp-∂X - v as‰mcp \f-s\-bmWv. Hmtcm A-c-ßn-sebpw B ]pXnb \fs\ ImWm-\mWv Bbn-cw-X-hW Bims‚ \f-s\-°≠ IY-I-fn-°º-°m-c≥ ho≠pw Hcn-°¬°qSn Dd-°s - am-gn-°m≥ Hcp-ßp-∂-Xv. kn\n-a-m{]Z¿i-\-w tIm∏n-I-fpsS

\oe≥

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv {]Z¿i-\-am-Wv. Hdn-Pn-\¬ Iem-krjvSn GsX∂v Adn-bm-Ø-h-Æw tIm∏n-Iƒ s]cp-Ip-∂p. Hdn-Pn-\ens‚ tXtPm-h-ebw \jvS-s∏-Sp∂ Cu Ah-ÿsb-°p-dn-®mWv hmƒ´¿ _©-an≥ Xs‚ {]ikvXteJ-\-Øn¬ hymIp-e-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.1 tKm]n-bmim≥ Hmtcm Ac-ßnepw Hdn-Pn-\-embncn°p-∂p. kn\n-asb Ie-tb-°mf∏pdw hyh-km-b-ambn k¶¬∏n-®Xpw AXns\ I®-h-S-®-c-°m°n am‰nbXpw Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn tlmfn-hp-Õm-Wv. Ata-cn-°bnse Imen-t^m¿Wn-b-bnse temkv G≥P-e-knem-Wv tlmfn-hp-Õv. 1914 apX-emWv tlmfn-hpÕv Atacn-°≥ Ne-®n-{X-\n¿Ωm-WØ - ns‚ kncm-tI-{μ-ambn amdp-∂-Xv. \nc-h[n ÃpUn-tbm-Iƒ, Ah-bn¬\n∂v \nc-¥-c-ambn \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ne-®n-{X-ßƒ. tlmfn-hpÕv Ne-®n-{X-\n¿Ωm-WsØ Hcp ^mIvS-dnkn-Ã-ambn k¶¬∏n-®Xv tXmakv C≥kv F∂ tlmfn-hpÕv Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-\m-Wv. (1916¬ \n¿Ωn® knhn-sse-tk-j≥ BWv At±-l-Øns‚ G‰hpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Nn{Xw.) sSIv\o-jy-∑m-cpsS Iq´mb {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hym-h-kmbn-tIm¬]-∂-ambn Ne-®n-{XsØ ImWp-I-bmWv C≥kv sNbv X - X v . kwhn- [ m- b - I \pw \S- ∑ mcpw sSIv\n-jy-∑m¿ am{Xw. Cßs\ \n¿Ωn-s®-Sp-°p-∂ Nn{Xw hn‰-gn-°m≥ Nne tasºm-Sn-IƒIqSn th≠nh-∂p. Bßs\ \S-∑msc Xmc-ßf - m-°n-am-‰n, tlmfnhpÕv. Xmc-ßf - psS t]cn¬ kn\na hn‰-gn°mw F∂v Ah¿ Is≠-Øn. ]mc-au≠v ]nIvtN-gvkns‚ ta[m-

hn-bmbncp∂ AtUmƒ^v kq°-dmWv Cu Xmc°-®-h-S-kq{Xw Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. Pohn-X-bm-Ym¿∞yßn¬\n∂v AI∂v kz]v\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-bpI, ImWn-I-fpsS kz]v\-{`-a-ßsf Nqj-Ww-sN-øp-I, Ahsc Atem-k-c-s∏-Sp-ØmsX t\¿tc-J-bn¬ IY-]-d-™p-t]m-hp-I, Ign-bp-∂{X Ah¿°v kpJn°pw-hÆw Hcp ip`m-¥y-Øn¬ Nn{Xw Ah-km-\n∏n-°p-I. CsXms° tlmfn-hpÕv Ne-®n-{X-X-{¥-ßfn¬ Nne-Xpam-{Xw. ]n∂oSv tlmfn-hpÕv kn\na Ata-cn-°≥kn\nasb am{X-a√ temI-kn-\n-asb apgp-h≥ kzm[o-\n°m≥ XpS-ßn. tlmfn-hp-Õn¬\n∂v Cd-°p-a-Xn-sNøp∂ Nn{X-ß-fpsS ]n∂mse ImWn-Iƒ t]mIm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Hmtcm cmPy-sØbpw tZ-io-b-kn\n-abv°v tlmfn-hp-Õns\ A\p-I-cn-°msX \ne\n¬∏n- s √- ∂ p- h - ∂ p. temI- k n- \ n- a bv ° pXs∂ tlmfn-hpÕv kwkvImcw Aßs\sbmcp I®-h-Sam-XrI krjvSn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. djy≥ \n»-_vZ-kn-\n-abv°p tij-ap-≠mb {_-Xe v v

1 Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, Walter Benjamin, Illuminations, Fontana/Collins,1979

F√m Iem-kn-\n-am-{]-ÿm-\ß - fpw Cu tlmfn-hpÕv amXr-Ibv°v FXn-cm-b t]mcm-´-ßfmbn-cp-∂p. C‰men-b≥ \ntbm-dn-b-en-kw Xmc-Ønf°-Øn¬\n∂v kn\n-asb tamNn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-®p. km[m-c-W-P-\ß-sf-Øs∂ \So-\-S-∑m-cm-°n. kn\n-am-\n¿ΩmWw ÃpUn-tbm-hn\p ]pd-Øm-bn. \ntbm-dn-be - n-kØ - m¬ {]tNm-Z\ - w-sIm≠v D≠mb {^©v \yqthhv {]ÿm\hpw tlmfn-hpÕv ssien-Isf A´n-a-dn-®p. Po≥ eq°v sKmZm¿Zns‚ BZy-N n-{ X-amb {_- X v e v tlmfn-hpÕv KmMvÃ¿ Nn{X-Øn-\p≈ ]mc-Un-bt- {X. ImWn-Isf H´pw Atem-k-c-s∏-Sp-ØmØ tlmfnhpÕv FUn-‰nßv ssiensb XIn-Sw-a-dn-®p-sIm≠v Pw]vI-s´-∂ {]tXyI FUn-‰nßv ssien sKmZm¿Zv ]co-£n-®Xpw Cu Nn{X-Øn¬Ø-s∂. tlmfn-hpÕn\v Nc-a° - p-dn-∏mbn sKmZm¿Zv \n¿Ωn® Nn{X-amWv te ta{]nkv. 1960-I-fn¬ {^©v \yqthhv i‡-am-bt∏m-tg°pw Hcp {]ÿm-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ tlmfnhpÕv Xf¿∂p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂p.

2 c≠mw temI-bp≤w Xo¿∂-tXmsS P¿Ω\n Ing°pw ]Sn-™m-dp-ambn c≠mbn. \mkn ]mc-ºcy-Øns‚ \ng¬ _m°n-bm-bn. P\-ßƒ lXm-icm-bn-cp-∂p. kº-ZvLS- \ Xmdp-am-dm-bn-cp-∂p. XI¿∂ kº-ZvLS- \ - bpw {]Xymi \jvSs - ∏´ P\-Xb - p-sa∂ Cu Ah-ÿb - n-te-°mWv tlmfn-hp-Õvkn-\na Atacn-°≥ kz]v\ß - f - p-ambn IS-s∂-Øp-∂X - v. Cu P\Xsb Iog-S° - m≥ tlmfn-hpÕv kz]v\h - ym-]m-cØ - n\v Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1962-HmsS bqtdm-∏n-se-ºmSpw

temd-≥kv Hm^v Atd_y

tlmfn-hpÕvkn\n-a-bpsS B[n-]Xyw ]q¿Æ-am-bn. P¿Ω≥kn-\n-abv°v temd-≥kv Hm^v Atd_y (1962) bpsS sSIv\n-°-f¿ anI-hn-t\mtSm lu Z shÃv hmkv h¨ F∂ Nn{X-Øns‚ Xmc-ka - r-≤n-tbmtSm Sp In¬ F tam°nMv t_Uv, Z a©q-dn-b≥ Im≥UntU‰v XpS- ß nb Nn{X- ß - f psS {]ta- b - s sh- ` - h tØmtSm Pbnw-kvt_m-≠ns‚ BtKmf BI¿jW-tØmtSm a’-cn-°m-≥ sI¬∏n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. P¿Ω≥ tZio-b-kn-\n-a-bpsS Xf¿® ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn-°g - n-™n-cp-∂p. tlmfn-hpÕv Nn{X-ßf - psS Atacn-°≥ kz]v\-kzm-[o-\w-aqew P¿Ω-\n-bn¬\n-∂v, kz¿§-cm-Py-Øn-te-s°-∂-t]m-se, Ata-cn-°-bn-te°p≈ IpSn-tb-‰w-t]mepw h¿≤n-®p. Cusbmcp ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv 1962 s^{_ph-cnbn¬ Hm_¿lmk-Wn¬ B h¿jsØ {lkzN-e-®n-{X-taf \S-°p-∂-Xv. Cu taf-bv°n-S-bn¬ Ne®n-{X-Im-c-∑mcpw Fgp-Øp-Imcpw Iem-Im-c-∑mcpw HØp-tN¿∂v ]gb P¿Ω≥kn-\n-a-bpsS Ncaw {]Jym-]n-®p. "]∏-bpsS kn\na' F∂-h¿ AXns\ hnfn-®p. Hcp \h-P¿Ω≥kn-\n-a-bpsS A\n-hm-cyX Ah¿ {]h- N n- ® p. C\n- b p≈ {iaw Cu \h-

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv P¿Ω≥kn-\n-a-bpsS krjvSn-°p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cn-°W-sa∂v Ah¿ Dds° hnfn-®p-]-d-™p. P¿Ω≥ {lkz-Nn-{X-ßƒ temI-sa-ºmSpw t\Snb hnP-b-ambn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS {]tNm-Z-\w. "Hm_¿lmk¨ am\n-s^tÃm' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu {]Jym-]-\Øn¬ Xnc-°Y - m-Ir-Ømb t_mtUm ªqXv\¿, FgpØp-Im-c-\mb _¿\mUv tUmdn-kv, Ne-®n-{X-Im-c∑mcmb Ae-¢m-≠¿ ¢qKv, ]n‰v tImjv XpSßn Ccp-]-Øn-bmdp t]cmWv H∏n-´n-cp-∂-Xv. temI- k n- \ n- a - b n¬ {i≤- t \- S p∂ Hcp \h P¿Ω≥kn\n-abv°p cq]w-\¬Im≥ \jvSw-kl - n®pw Xßƒ Xøm-dm-sW∂v am\n-s^tÃm {]Jym-]n-°p∂p. IYm-I-Y-\-L-S-\-bn¬ ]co-£-W-ßƒ \S-ØpI, ]pXnb jq´nMv coXn-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-°pI, dnb-en-kØ - n\v ]pXn-sbmcp am\w-tX-Sp-I, kuμcy-im-kv{X-]c - a - mbn anI-hp≈ coXn-bn¬ ImWn-Isf

]nSn-®n-cp-Øp∂ IY-Iƒ Is≠-ØpI ˛ CsXm-s°bmWv Ch¿ e£y-ß-fmbn apt∂m-´p-h-®-Xv. ""Cu ]pXnb kn\n-abv°v ]pXnb kzmX{¥yw thWw; hyh-ÿm-]nX Ne-®n-{X-hy-h-km-b-Øns‚ Nn´-h-´ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ kzmX-{¥yw, kn\n-am_m-ly-amb I®-hS- ˛- h - m-Wn-Py-Xm-ev]c - y-ßf - psS kzm[o-\Ø - n¬\n∂p≈ kzmX-{¥yw, k¿°m-c-S-°-ap≈ \n£n-]vXXm-ev]-cy-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ kzmX-{¥yw... CXn-\p-th≠n kmº-ØnI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ Gs‰-Sp°m≥ Rßƒ Xøm-dm-Wv. ]g-b-kn-\na acn-®n-cn°p-∂p. ]pXnb kn\n-a-bn¬ Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p∂p.'' am\n-s^tÃm apt∂m-´p-h® Bi-bß - ƒ Gs‰Sp-°m≥ ]›n-a-P¿Ω≥ Kh-s◊‚ v Xøm-dm-bn-sb∂-XmWv {][m-\-s∏´ Imcyw. \h-P¿Ω≥ kn\nabv°p ]Ww-ap-S-°m≥ Xøm-dm-sW∂v Kh-s◊‚ v 1962 G{]n-en¬ {]Jym-]n-®p. 1965¬ "t_m¿Uv t^m¿ Z bßv P¿Ω≥ ^nenw' k¿°m¿ Xe-Øn¬ cq]wsIm-≠p. \h-P¿Ω≥ kn\n-abv°v XpS-°w-Ip-dn® `uXn-I-km-l-N-cy-ßƒ Ch-sbm-s°-bm-Wv. 1970-If - psS XpS-°Ø - n-emWv \h-P¿Ω≥kn-\na Hcp {]ÿm-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ temI-kn-\namN-cn-{XØn¬ CSw- t \- S p- ∂ - X v . sh¿W¿ sl¿tkm- K v , sdbv\¿ sh¿W¿ ^mkv_n≥U¿, Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ ¢qKv , hnw sh≥tU- g v k v , thmƒ°¿ jv s e≥ tUm¿^v, sh¿W¿ sjmdo-Ø¿, am¿{KØ thm≥ t{XmØ XpS- ß nb kwhn- [ m- b - I - c mWv \hP¿Ω≥kn-\n-abv°v Dd® ASn-Ø-d-bn-´-Xv. 1979¬ lmw_¿Kn¬ \S∂ Ne-®n-t{Xm-’-h-Øn¬ ]gb am\n-s^-tÃm-°m¿ Hcn-°¬°qSn HØp-Iq-Sn. ]Xn-

Hm_¿lmk¨ am\n-s^tÃm Ah-Xc - W - w, Hm_¿lk≥, ]›n-aP - ¿Ω-\n, 1962

sdbv\¿ sh¿W¿ ^mkv_n≥U¿

Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ ¢qKv

t\gp h¿jw-apºv Xßƒ {]h-Nn® \h-P¿Ω≥kn\na CXm km≤y- a m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂v Ah¿ BÀmZw-sIm-≠p. lmw_¿Kv {]Jym-]\w F∂ ]pXnb tcJ \h-P¿Ω≥kn-\n-ab - v°p≈ Hcp henb km£y-]-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. ImWn-Iƒ am{X-amWv Cu kn\n-a-bpsS kJm-°sf∂v Cu {]Jym-]\w Xd-∏n®p-]-d-bp-∂p. ""AXn-\¿∞w ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ a\pjy¿; B{K-l-ßfpw kz]v\-ßfpw Bk-‡n-I-fpap≈ a\p-jy¿; kn\natbmSv {]W-ba - p-≈h - cpw AXn√m-Øh - c - p-amb a\p-jy¿, hyXy-kvXa - mb kn\n-asb k¶¬∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ a\p-jy¿.'' \h-P¿Ω≥kn-\nabv°v, as‰√m Ne-®n-{X-{]ÿm-\-Øn-\p-sa-∂-t]m-se, Hcp s]mXp-kz-`mhw \n¿Æ-bn-°mt\m \n¿Δ-Nn-°mt\m {]bm-k-am-Wv. Hcp kwhn-[m-b-I\pw Ah-\hs‚ ssienbpw hy‡n-Xzhpw {]ÿm-\-Øn-\p-th≠n _en-I-gn-®n√ F∂-Xp-Xs∂ Imc-Ww. Ne-®n{X kuμ-cy-im-kv{Xkn-≤m-¥-ß-fn¬ ]d-bp-tºmse Ah-tcm-tcm-cp-

hnw sh≥tU-gvkv

Øcpw kz¥w Ne-®n-{X-ssi-en-bpsS "HmY¿jn∏v' As√-¶n¬ I¿ØrXzw kn\n-a-I-fn¬ \njvI¿jn-®h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. ^mkv_n≥U¿ Nn{X-ßƒ Xpd-∂pX-cp∂ Ne-®n-{Xm-\p-`h - Ø - n¬\n∂v F{Xtbm hyXykvXa - mWv thm≥ t{XmØ Xcp∂ Ne-®n-{Xm-\p-`qXn. Ch-cn¬\n∂v F{X-sb-{Xtbm hyXy-kvX-\m-bn-cn°p∂p sl¿tkm-Kv.

3 ""Ne-®n{Xw Hcp Ncn-{X-tc-J-b-s√-¶n¬ kz]v\amWv'' F∂v _¿Kvam≥.2 Ncn-{X-tc-Jbv°pw kz]v\Øn-\p-an-Sb - v°mWv sl¿tkm-Kns‚ Nn{X-ßƒ. Chbv°n-S-bn-ep≈ AXn¿Øn-tcJ A{X-ta¬ Ahy‡-amWv Cu Nn{X-ß-fn¬. IYm-Nn-{Xw, tUmIypsa‚dn F∂ hn`-P-\sØ sl¿tkmKv AXn-hm-Nme-\mbn X≈n-°-f-bp-∂p. Ch-sb√mw Hcp-t]mse 2 Magic Lantern, Ingmer Bergman, Penguin Books, London 1988

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Fs‚ kn\n-a-I-fmWv F∂-bmƒ [m¿jvSy-tØmsS {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. bYm¿∞-Po-hn-Xhpw AXn¬\n-∂pcpØn-cn-bp∂ IYbpw sl¿tkm-Kn\v Hcp-t]m-sebm-Wv. bYm¿∞-Po-hn-XØ - n¬ B≠p-ap-gp-In-bh - t\ IY-]-d-bm\pw kn\n-a-bp-≠m-°m\pw Ah-Im-i-ap≈p-sh-∂mWv sl¿tkmKv ]£w. Ch c≠pw Imhym-fl-I-{]-tNm-Z-\-ß-fmbn, ]c-kv]c ]qc-I-ßfmbn h¿Øn-°p-∂p. sl¿tkm-Kns‚ temI-ho£Ww Ccp-≠-Xmbn tXm∂mw. kaq-lsØ \ntj[n-°p-Itbm kaq-l-Øm¬ {`jvSm-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNbvXh - c - mWv Cbm-fpsS Nn{X-ßfn¬ \ndsb. Chcm- I - s ´, Xß- f psS AanX hymtam- l - ß - f m¬ XI¿∂-Sn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ""a\p-jy-kw-kvImcw XI¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - mWv. Ccp-ń-s‚bpw Bib-°p-g-∏-ß-fp-sSbpw Bg-ap≈ kap-{Z-Øn-\p-ta¬ t\cnb Hcp a™p-]mfn Dcp-In-Øo-cp-∂X - p-t]m-se.''3 {]Ir-Xn-bpsS `b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ i‡nbpw Kmwòcyhpw a\p-jysc Ip≈-∑m-cm-°p-∂p; sIm®m-°p∂p. AtX-k-a-bw, hnNn-{X-amb {]Ir-Xn-`wKn a\pjys‚ B¥-cn-I -am-\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p. a\p- j ys‚ A{I- a m- k - ‡ - X bpw \io- I - c - W - h mRvObpw hy‡n-Xz-\n-jvIm-k\ - hpw sl¿tkm-KvNn{X-ß-fn¬ Bh¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ {]ta-b-ß-fm-Wv. Ccp≠ Cu Pohn-Xm-hÿ - I - f - n-emWv Bk-‡n-Ifpw AXn-hym-tam-l-ß-fp-ambn Nne¿ temIsØ AS°n-hm-gm≥ Hcp-ßp-∂-Xv. kz¥w hymtam-l-ß-fpsS `mcw Xmßm-\m-hmsX Ah¿ kzbw XI¿∂-Sn-bp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]sØm-ºXmw hb- n¬ \n¿Ωn® sldm-¢kv F∂ BZy-Nn-{Xw-Xs∂ sl¿tkm-Kns‚ Cu Ne®n-{X-tem-IØ - n-te°p≈ Infn-hm-XnemIp∂p. 1955¬ {^m≥knse te am≥kn¬ Imtdm-´-a-’-c-Øn-

3 Herzong on Herzog, Ed. Paul Cronin, Faber and Faber, London 2002

\nSbv°v ImWn-I-f-S°w \qtdm-fw-t]sc sIm∂ A]-I-S-Øn-s‚bpw Pnwt\-jy-Øn¬ `mtcm-Zz-l-\Øn-\p-w ico-c-]p-jvSn-°pambn A≤zm-\n®p hnb¿ s∏m-gp-°p∂ bphm-°-fp-sSbpw Zriy-ßƒ Iq´n°-e¿Øp-∂p≠v sl¿tkmKv Cu Nn{X-Øn¬. kz¥w ico-cw-sIm≠v temIsØ Iog-S-°m-sa∂p Icp-Xp-∂-h¿X-s∂-bmWv alm-Zp-c-¥-ßn¬ Xß-fpsSbpw \nc]cm[nIfmb \nc- h - [ n- t ]- c p- s Sbpw Poh≥ Xpe-bv°p-∂-sX∂v [z\n-∏n-°p∂p ChnsS sl¿ tkmKv. Rms\∂ GIm-[n-]X - y-`m-hhpw Xs∂ ImØn-cn-°p∂ Zpc-¥hpw ˛ Cu ZnXzw sl¿tkmKv Nn{X-ß-fpsS s]mXp kam-\-X-bmbn ]n∂oSv `hn°p-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw. 1968¬ \n¿Ωn® ssk≥kv Hm^v sse^v BWv sl¿tkm-Kns‚ BZy IYm-Nn-{Xw. C√mØ i{Xp°sf k¶¬∏n-®p-≠m°n Bh-iy-an-√msX \ne\n¿Øn-t∏m∂ Bbp-[∏ - p-cbv°v Imh¬\n¬°m≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ Hcp bph-ssk-\n-I-\mWv Nn{XØnse tI{μ-_n-μp. HSp-hn-e-bmƒ°v {`m¥p-]n-Sn°p-∂p. A{I-am-k-‡-\mbn Abmƒ a‰p ssk\nIsc t]Sn-∏n®v HmSn-°p-∂p. SuWn-en-dßn XpcpXpcm shSn-sh-°p∂ Abmƒ°v sIm√m≥ Ign-bp∂Xv shdp-samcp ]mhw Igp-X-sb-am-{Xw. C√mØ Bsctbm t]Sn®v \mtam-tcm-cp-Øcpw Bbp-[-∏pc-Iƒ Hcp-°n-sh-°p-∂p; Ahbv°v Imh¬\n¬°p∂p. HSp-hn¬ D∑m-Z-cmbn, A{I-am-k-‡-cmbn \mw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS t\sc Xncn-bp-∂p. \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb Igp-X-Isf shSn-h®p hogvØp-∂p. F∂n´v kzbw \in-°p-∂p. 1970¬ Cuh≥ Uzm¿^vkv Ãm¿´Uv kvtamƒ

F∂ aq∂mw IYm-Nn-{XØnse-Øpsºm-tg°pw sl¿tkm-Kns‚ sh≈n-Ønc k¿dn-b¬ Zriy-_nw_-ß-fm¬ kar-≤-am-Ip-∂p. Ip≈-∑m-cmb Hcp-]‰w Bƒ°m-cmWv \S-∑mcpw IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpw. Ch¿ Xß-fpsS A`-bt- I-{μ-Øn¬ Iem-]a - p-≠m-°p-Ibpw tI{μw ]nSn-s®Sp°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-XmWv {]tabw. k¿Δ-Xn-s\bpw \ntj-[n-°p∂ Ccp≠ tImaUn-bmWv Cu Nn{Xw. _q¿jzm kaq-lhpw AXns‚ D]-t`mKmk-‡n-Ifpw Cu Nn{X-Øn¬ Bh-iy-Øntesd s]cp-Øv DW-cp-∂p. Xß-fp-tS-X-√mØ, Xßƒ \n¿Ωn-®-X-√mØ, A\y-cmb henb a\pjy-cp-≠m-°nb F√m-Øn-s\bpw Cu sIm®p-a-\pjy¿ X√n-ØI - ¿°p-Ib - m-Wv. \nehnep≈ hyh-ÿnXnsb XI¿Øv tkmjy-enÃv kaqlw sI´n-∏-Sp°m-sa∂ hymtam-lsØ sl¿tkmKv Cu Nn{XØn- e qsS ]cn- l - k n- ° p- I - b m- s W∂v Bt£Cuh≥ Uzm¿^vkv Ãm¿´Uv kvtamƒ

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv ]apb¿∂p. sl¿tkm-Kns\ ^mjn-sÃ∂p hnfn°m≥t]mepw Nne CS-Xp-]-£-kw-L-ßƒ Xømdm-bn. Ipd-®p-Imew Cu Nn{Xw P¿Ω-\n-bn¬ \ntcm[n-°s - ∏-´p. Nn{X-Ønse Iem-]I - m-cn-If - mb sIm®pa-\p-jysc Acm-PI - h - m-Zn-Is - f∂v Ne-®n-{X-\n-cq-]I - ¿ ap{Z-Ip-Øn. a\p-jys‚ kz]v\-ßfpw taml-ßfpw F{X Kw`o-c-am-bmepw AXn¬ AXo-h-kq-£va-amb efn-X-h-XvI-cWw D≠m-tb-°m-sa∂pw CXv A]-IS-I-c-am-sW∂p-amWv Xm≥ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂-sX∂v sl¿tkm-Kv. hnπ-h-Im-cn°pw Acm-P-I-hm-Zn-°p-anS- b n- e p≈ AXn¿tcJ A{X- t a¬ kq£v a hpw k¶o¿Æhp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu Nn{X-Øns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\n-S-bv°mWv sl¿tkmKv, ^n\n kvt{Sm_nw-K¿ F∂ kv{Xosb I≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xv. Ah¿°v IÆp-Im-Wn-√, sNhn tIƒ°n-√. kv]¿iw-am-{X-amWv Ah-cpsS Bi-b-

hn-\n-a-tbm-]m-[n. Ch-sc-°p-dn®v \n¿Ωn® em≥Uv Hm^v sske≥kv B≥Uv Um¿Ivs\ v (1971) F∂ tUmIyp-sa‚dn sl¿tkmKv Nn{X-ß-fpsS s]mXp`m-hsØ ho≠pw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. an≠m\pw tIƒ°m-\p-am-hmØ ^n\n kaqlw Ah-K-Wn°p∂, H‰-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \nc-h[n a\p-jy-cn-sem-cmfm-W.v \ne-\n¬∏n\v A\n-hm-cy-amb Bi-bh - n-\n-abw Ch¿°v ]pdw-tem-I-hp-ambn Akm-≤y-am-bn-cn-°p∂p. I-Æp-Im-Wm-Ø, sNhn tIƒ°mØ Hcmƒ Hcp acsØ sXm´-dn-bp∂ cwK-ap-≠n-Xn¬. Abmƒ X∏n-Ø-temSn acsØ Adn-bp-∂p, Xs‚ ssI FØm- h p- ∂ n- S - t Øm- f w. ]t£, ]ns∂ Iymad Db¿∂p-s]mßn B ac-Øns‚ ]®-∏¥ - ¬ apgp-h≥ Adn-bp-∂p. A‘-\mb Abmƒ a\-°-Æp-sIm≠v acsØ apgp-h≥ A\p`-hn-°ptºm-se. CØ-c-Ønep≈ a\p-jy-cpsS GIm-¥-hyY sl¿tkm-KvNn{Xß-fnse√mw Hcp kz¿Æ \qen-g-t]mse sXfn™pIm-Wmw. Xs‚ Nn{X-ß-fn-eqsS temI-tØmSv kwkm-cn-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ sl¿tkm-KvXs∂ A\p-`h - n-°p∂ GIm-¥h - y-Yb - m-Wn-sX∂v Nne Ne®n-{X-\n-cq-]-I¿ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p-≠v. hkvXp-X-Isf adnI-S∂v, sl¿tkm-KvXs∂ ]d-bp∂, ""Imhym-ﬂIhpw \n¿hr-Xn-Zm-b-I-hp-amb kXy-''sØ Is≠Øm-\p≈ {ia-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Abm-f-\p-`-hn-°p∂ GIm-¥-hy-Y-! temI-tØmSv kwkm-cn-°m≥ `mj-bn-√m-Øhs‚ hyY-X-s∂-bmWv 1974¬ \n¿Ωn® F\n‹ Hm^v Imkv]¿tlm-k¿ F∂ Nn{X-Øn-s‚bpw {]ta-bw. ]Xn-\m-dp-h¿jw XS-hn¬ Ign-tb-≠n-h∂ Hcp- s N- d p- ∏ - ° m- c s‚ bYm¿∞ IY- b m- W n- X v .

IÆp-Im-Wm-Øh - ≥ acsØ ImWp∂p em≥Uv Hm^v sske≥kv B≥Uv Um¿Ivs\ v

Abmƒ tamNn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m≠ns‚ BZy-Øn-ep≈ Hcp P¿Ω≥ \K-c-Øn-te°m-Wv. ]Xn-\m-dp-h¿j-Øn-\nSbv°v a\p-jy-kwkvImcw ]msS amdn-bn-cn-°p∂p. kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ `mj as‰m-∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ImWm-∏mTw ]Tn-s®SpØ Nne hmN-I-ßƒ°-∏pdw Cbmƒ°v ]pXpkw- k v I m- c tØmSv kwkm- c n- ° m≥ `mj- b n- √ . Cbmsf `mj ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Npa-Xe kaq-lw-Xs∂ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂p. Cu hnNn-{X-Po-hn-bpsS GIm¥ Pohn-X-Øn-\p-ta¬ B¿°mWv A[n-Imcw F∂ X¿°w kaq-lsØ FXn¿kw-L-ß-fmbn Xncn-°p∂p. Ah¿ XΩn- e p≈ kwL¿j- Ø n- \ n- S bv ° v Imkv]¿ h[n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p. Xß-fn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-

\m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xp-am-{X-amWv Abm-fpsS Ip‰-sa∂v At∏m- g m- W v kaqlw Adn- b p- ∂ Xv . \ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ A[x-]-X-\-km-≤y-X-bn-ep≈ Bi-¶bpw H‰-s∏´ a\p-jytcm-Sp≈ klm-\p-`qXnbpw sl¿tkm-Kns‚ GIm-¥-hy-Y-bmbn ChnsSbpw sXfn-bp-∂p. B[p-\nI ]m›mXy/bqtdm-]y≥ kaq-l-tØ°mƒ kzm`m-hnIip≤n BZn-hm-kn-k-aq-l-Øn-\msW∂v sl¿tkmKv ]e Nn{X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw hnizk-{]-Jym-]\w \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. BZn--a-\p-jysc B´n∏p-d-Øm°n, Ah-cpsS ]cn-ip≤ kmaq-ly-L-S\bv°v _Z-em-bn, hnI-kn-Xs - a∂v kzbw hniz-kn®v as‰mcp kaq- l sØ sI´n- ∏ - S p- ° p∂sXt¥m

th¿ Z {Ko≥ B‚ vkv {Uow

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv AXmWv sImtfm-Wn-b-en-kw. BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°v {]Ir-Xn-bpw aÆp-am-bp-ap≈ Bﬂ_‘w Cu ]®∏-cn-jvIm-cn-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS ]pXnb kaq-lØn\pw Hcn-°epw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\m-hn-√. F∂p am{X-a-√, BZn-hm-kn°v Xs‚ ]cn-k-c-hp-am-bp-≠mbn-cp∂ s]m°nƒs°mSn-_-‘sØ Ch¿ hnI-k\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ hnt—-Zn-®p-If - b - p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. 1984¬ \n¿Ωn®, ]®-bp-dp-ºp-Iƒ kz]v\w ImWp∂nSw (th¿ Z {Ko≥ B‚ vkv {Uow) F∂ IYm-Nn{X-Øn¬ ]pØ≥ hnI-k-\hpw BZn-hm-kn-k-aqlhpw XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿j-amWv {]ta-bw. Ncn{X-]-c-amb hkvXp-X-Isf Hcp-]-cn-[n-hsc Ah-ew_n-®, ^o®¿ IYm-Nn-{X-am-Wn-Xv. Xß-fpsS kwkvImc-Øns‚ ]hn-{X-amb CS-ßƒ Iø-S-°m≥ {ian°p∂ ssa\nßv Iº-\n-s°-Xnsc Hmkvt{S-en-bbnse BZn- h m- k n- I ƒ \S- Ø p∂ sNdp- Ø p\n¬∏mWv Cu Nn{Xw. tImS-Xn-hsc t]mbn´pw sImSn-]n-Sn®n´pw BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ HSp-hn¬ tXm‰pt]m-Ip-∂p. ssa\nßv Iº\n Ah¿°v ]Icw kΩm\-ambn \¬Ip-∂Xv Hcp d¨thbpw hnam-\-hp-amWv. BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ hnam-\t- adn Ftßmt´m ]d-∂pt]m-Ip-∂n-S-Øv Nn{Xw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-p. k‘ybpsS ]£n-Iƒ Ftßmt´m ]d-∂-I-ep-tºm-se Hc¥yw. ]nXm-°ƒ sNbvX ]m]-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv \man∂v A\p-`-hn-°p∂ ]cn-jvIm-c-ßfpw hnI-knX-ka - q-lhpw D≠m-bX - v. CXp≠m-°m-\mbn \ΩpsS A—-∑m¿ GIm-[n-]-Xn-Iƒ°v Iq´p-\n-∂p. BZn-a-\pjysc Ah¿ th´-bmSn HmSn®p; H‰-s∏-Sp-Øn; HXp°n. A—-\n¬ Xr]vXn-bn√msX hcp-tºmƒ apØ-

—s\ tXtS-≠n-hc - p∂p sl¿tkm-Kn-\v. F^v. Uªyp ap¿tWm-bpsS t\mkvs^-cmZp ho≠p-samcp Nn{Xam-°m≥ sl¿tkm-Kns\ t{]cn-∏n-®Xv CXm-Wv. CXv sl¿tkm-Kns‚ am{Xw {]iv\-am-bn-cp-∂n√. \hP¿Ω≥ kn\n-a-bpsS s]mXp-{]-iv\-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn sXm´p-]n-d-In-ep≈ ^mjnÃv kn\na-bpsS \ng¬ap-{Z-Iƒ Ahsc hnSmsX ]n¥p-S¿∂psIm-≠n-cp-∂p. A—s‚ Cu ap{Z-I-fn¬\n∂v c£s∏-Sm-\mbn apØ-—-\n-te°v ˛ ^mjnÃv kn\nabv°pw ]pd-In-ep≈ ¢mkn-°¬ P¿Ω≥ kn\n-abpsS ]mc-º-cy-Øn-te°v ˛ Ah¿°v Xncn™p \S-t°-≠n-h-∂p. ]n¥n-cn-™p≈ Cu bm{Xbv°v hgn-Im-´n-bm-bXv tems´ sFkv\¿ F∂ amXr-Xpey-bmb \ncq-]-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv tems´bpsS tcmK- i - ø - b n- t e°v B a™p- I m- e - Ø v , H‰bv°v sl¿tkmKv \S-∂-Xv. Xs‚ kn\n-a-bn-epS\ofw sl¿tkmKv Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw Cu H‰bmƒ \S-Ø-am-Wv; \S-∂n´pw \S-∂n´pw XocmØ GIm-¥-amb \S-Øw. \ne-b-dn-bmØ \nXm-¥\ntbm-Kw-! z

F^v. Uªyp ap¿tWm-

F^v. Uªyp ap¿tWm-bpsS t\mkvs^-cmZp Rm≥ ho≠p-samcp Nn{X-am°n. Fs‚ apØ-—≥Xe-ap-d-bpsS al-Ømb kn\n-a-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-S-Wsa∂v F\n°v tXm∂n-b-Xn-\m-emWv CXp sNbvX-Xv. \ΩpsS A—≥X-e-apd ]q¿Æ-ambpw \in® H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cn¬∏-ecpw \mkn-I-fpsS ss]imNn-I-Xbv°v Iq´p-\n-∂-h-cm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Rm≥ apØ-—s\tØSn- t]mb-Xv. ap¿tWm-bpsS t\mkvs^-cmZp temI-kn-\n-a-bnse anI-®-Xnepw anI-®Xm-sW∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. F°m-e-sØbpw G‰hpw al-Ømb A©p-Nn{X-ß-fn-sem-∂m-WnXv F∂m-sW-\n°p tXm∂p-∂-Xv. Rotten Tomatoes, November 17, 2009

t\mkvs^-cmZp

sKmZm¿Zv

akvIp-en≥ s^an-\n≥

sKmZm¿Zn-s\-°p-dn®v \ap°v kwkm-cn-t°-≠. sKmZm¿Zv Hcp _p≤n-Po-hn-°-≈\m-WbamWv. [{^©p kwhn-[m-b-I-\mb] Po≥ dqjv ]md-t]mse Dd-®-Xpw. Werners Vista, May, 2007

t{ImWn-°nƒ H^v F kΩ¿

Po≥ dqjv

"One loves ultimately one's desires; not the thing desired." - Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil

\na F∂ am≤y-a-Øns‚ G‰hpw BZn-ahpw {]mYanI-hp-amb [¿Ωtam As√-¶n¬ khn-ti-j-Xtbm BWv sl¿tkm-Kns\ AXn-te°m-I¿jn-°p-∂X - v. ImgvNs - b∂ I¿Ωw-Xs - ∂-bmWv G‰hpw {][m-\w. AXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv A\p-`-hw, kXyw, BJym-\w. A√msX AXn\p ]n∂ntem D≈ntem Hfn™pw ad™pw \nt£-]n-°-∏-Sp∂ KqVm¿∞-ß-fn¬ sl¿tkmKv A`n-c-an-°p-∂n-√. kn\n-a-bnse Zriy-ßƒ ImWn-bpsS D]-t_m-[-a-\ p-ambn t\cn´p kwh-Zn-°p∂ H∂m-b-Xn-\m¬ AXn\v CS-\n-e-°m-cpsS Bh-iy-an-√. ImgvN-°m-cpam- b p≈ apJm- a p- J - a mWv AXns‚ ImX¬. sl¿tkm-Kns‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ AXv \nß-fp-sS-

sl¿tkm-Kv, ^n‰vkvI-dmƒtUm, kn\na F∂ kml-kn-I-bm{X

kn.-Fkv sh¶n-tS-iz-c≥

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv bp-≈n¬ AXp-hsc Dd-ßn-°n-S-∂n-cp∂ Hcp NßmXnsb DW¿Øp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv.1 sl¿tkm-Kns‚ Nn{X-ßƒ \nc-¥cw ]n¥p-Scp∂ {]ta- b - ß - f mWv B[n- I m- c hpw AXns‚ kq£vahpw ÿqe-hp-amb cq]-{]-tbm-K-ß-fpw. Ahsb Hcp imkv{X-⁄-s\-t∏mse \n¿Ω-a-XtbmsS \nco-£n-°p-Ib - mWv sl¿tkm-KvNn-{X-ßƒ sNøp-∂X - v. ]e-t∏mgpw AXv Hcp hy‡n-bpsS AXnam-\p-jn-I-X-bp-sS-IqSn {]Im-i-\-ambn {]Xy-£-s∏Sm-dp-≠v. `uXn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hpamb F√m-Øcw ]cn-[n-I-sfbpw ]cn-an-Xn-I-sfbpw D√w-Ln-°p∂ Nne a\p-jy-sc-°p-dn-®p-≈-XmWv AØcw BJym-\-ßƒ. "Akm--≤yX'bpam-bp≈ Ah-cpsS ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Dc-k-ep-Ifpw A`n-\nth-i-ß-fp-amWv Ahsc tamln-∏n-°p-∂Xpw hnNn{X-sa∂p tXm∂m-hp∂ ]e-Xcw At\z-j-W-ß-fnte°p X≈p-∂-Xpw. CXv BXy-¥n-I-ambn "a\p-jy≥', "am\p-jnIw' F∂nh F¥m-sW-∂X - n-s\-°pdn-®p≈ Nn¥-IƒIq-Sn-bm-W.v Cu Nn{X-ßfnse IYm]m-{X-ßsf Akm-[m-c-W-Xo-£vW-ß-fmb kμ¿`ß-fn-te°pw Ah-ÿ-I-fn-te°pw FØn-°p-∂Xv apI-fn¬ kqNn-∏n® Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]e-Xcw At_m[-Xz-c-I-fm-Wv. Cu IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ°v Akm-[mcW PohnXw/kwkvImcw/\mK-cn-IX XpS-ßn-b-h-

bpsS "kuI-cy'ßtfm CS-s]-Se - p-Itfm C√. AXmbXv Abmƒ°v (]p-cp-j-∑m¿X-s∂-bmWv an°hmdpw F√m sl¿tkmKv BJym-\-ß-fnepw tI{μÿm-\Ø - p-≈X - v. Xm\-√msX ]pd-Øp-\n∂v a‰v B{ib-ßs - fm-∂p-an-√. XnI®pw Fe-sa‚¬ Ft∂m ASnÿm-\-]-c-sat∂m hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ Nne Ahÿ-If - n-emWv Ah¿ kzbw sNs∂-Øs - ∏-Sp-Itbm (AKzn-sd, ^n‰vkvI-dmƒtUm) Is≠-Øp-Itbm (Imkv]¿tlm-k¿, kvt{Smsk-Iv, shmsb-kIv, em≥Uv Hm^v sske≥kv B≥Uv Um¿Ivs\ nse A‘bpw _[n- c - b p- a mb ^n\n F∂ kv { Xo, ssk≥kv Hm^v sse^nse ]´m-f-°m-c≥, lm¿´v Hm^v •mknse ]´-W-hm-kn-Iƒ) sNøp-∂-Xv. B ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb GIm-¥X - b - n¬/{]mYanI-Xb - n¬ (\ne)-\n-∂p-sIm≠v, Xs∂ Nqgv∂p-\n¬°p∂ alm-˛A-]c - h - p-am-bp≈ \mb-I∑ - m-cpsS apJm-ap-Jß - f - mWv sl¿tkmKv BJym-\ß - ƒ. Abmƒ t\cn-Sp∂ Cu "A]cw' At⁄-b-amb {]Ir-Xntbm A\y-h-XvIcn-°-s∏´ kwkvIr-Xntbm \oXn-c-ln-X-amb kmaqly-hy-h-ÿtbm BImw. AXns\ Xs‚ GIX/ GIm-¥-X-sIm≠v t\cn-Sp-I-sb-∂-XmWv AhcpsS PohnXw/kwL¿jw. Cu IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ as‰-¥n-s‚-sb-¶nepw hen®p-\o-´tem {]Xo-Itam {]Xn-\n-[m-\-ßtfm A√. Ah-cpsS sNbvXn-Isf a\x-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ]›mØ-e\ - n¿Ωn-Xn-If - n-eq-sStbm kmaq-ly-LS- I - ß - f - psS kzm[o-\Ø - n-eq-sStbm H∂pw hni-Zo-Ic - n-®p-X≈ - m≥ sl¿tkmKv Hcn-°epw Xp\n-bp-∂p-an-√. ImgvNb - psS ip≤ntbm \njvI-f-¶-Xtbm BWv Hcp-]-t£, sl¿tkmKv Xs‚ Nn{X-ß-fn-eqsS tXSp-∂-Xv. `qZr-

1 Somehow, deep in your subconcious, you will find them lurking dormant like sleeping friends. Seeing the images on film wakes them up, as if I am introducing to you a brother whom you have never actually met. This is one reason why so many people around the world seem to connect with my films.

iy-ßfpw a\p-jycpw `qan-bnse hnhn-[ß - f - mb PohPm-e-ßfpw sl¿tkm-Kns‚ BZn-a-amb ImgvN bv°p hnt[-b-am-Ip-∂p.2 Ah-bpsS AI-tØ°p IS∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw hni-I-e\w sNøp-Ibp-a√ sl¿tkm-Kns‚ Xmev]-cyw. adn-®v, Ahsb Ah-bpsS GIm-¥-k-a-{K-X-bn¬, kzm`m-hn-I-amb A{Km-ly-X-bn¬ a\p-jy\v/ImgvNbv°v t\¿°pt\sc \nc-Øp-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp-Xcw "Ncn{X-ap-‡X' sl¿tkmKv sI´n-a-dn-bp∂ Nne Ncn{Xm-Xo-Xa - mb ka-ky-Isf ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\p≈ D]m[n-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xp ImWmw. sl¿tkm-Kn-s‚Xs∂ hm°p-If - n¬ ""\ng-ep-If - n-√m-Øh - c - mWv Fs‚ IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ. Ah¿s°mcp `qX-Im-e-an√; Ds≠¶n¬Øs∂ AXp {]k-‡-hp-a-√. Ah¿ A‘Im-cØ - n¬\n∂p hcp-∂h - c - m-bX - n-\m¬ Ah¿°v \ngep-I-fn-√. shfn-®-sa-∂Xv Ft∏mgpw Ahsc t\mhn°p-Ib - mWp sNøp-∂X - v. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Fs‚ IYm- ] m- { X- ß ƒ X’- a bw Ahn- s S- b p- s ≠∂p am{Xw. ]ns∂-b-h¿ hnkvar-Xn-bn-te°p X≈-s∏-Sp∂p. Ah- c psS sNbv X n- I ƒ, F¥p- s Im- t ≠m, Ah¿°p-Xs∂ ]nSn-\¬Im-Øh - b - m-sW-∂p-thWw Icp-Xm≥.'' 2 temIsØ Xs‚ kn\n-a-bv°p≈ Akw-kvIr-X-h-kvXp-hmbn-°m-Wp∂ Hcp Ne-®n-{X-Im-c\v Hcp-]-t£, CØ-c-samcp tNmZyw tNmZn-°m-\m-hn√: How can we regain innocence of vision, our vision that has been so badly contaminated? We have to find adequate images again. What have we done to our images? What have we done to our landscapes? We have embarrssed landscapes.

^n‰vkvId- mƒtUm Nn{Xo-Ic - W - Ø - n-\n-Sb - n¬

Zriy-_nw-_h - p-am-bp≈ sl¿tkm-Kns‚ khnti-ja - mb _‘-sØ-°p-dn®v ^nen]v tImƒ°-dpsS \nco-£-W-ßƒ {it≤-b-am-Wv. ""Of all major contemporary European filmmakers, Herzog is most willing to allow his images to stand uninterrogated: to allow them and the carefuly selected music he insinuates under them, to generate amazement, promote reverie, and frustrate analysis. His films, like his characters, are without shadows. His images are astounding, but his discourse is attenuating. The films are more incantations than narratives.''3 a\x-]q¿Δ-am-bp≈ Cu "hni-Zo-Ic - W - £aX-bn√mbva' ˛ Hcp "Imcy'sØ as‰- s ¥- ¶ nepw 3 Robert Phillip Kolker, Altering Eye, Open Book Publishers, Cambridge, 2009

"ImcW'Ønte°v BKn-cWw-sNbvXv Ah-km-\n-∏n°m-\p≈ hnk-ΩXw ˛ Hcp]- t £, Cu imTy- a m- b ncn°pw sl¿tkmKvIYm-]m{X-ßsf \ap°v ip≤-amb ss\Xn- I - k - a - k y- I - f mbn A\p-`-hn-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p∂-Xv. CXmWv sl¿tkmKm Jym-\-ßƒ A]m-b-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ \ap°p ap∂n¬ Xpd-∂n-Sp∂ XnI®pw `uXnI-amb AXn-`m-Xn-I-X. (""to reveal a metaphysical element in life or art without becoming a reactionary is one of the challenges of the day'' - Amos Vogel on Herzog films.)

2 "Few other filmmakers have so silently and gently explored the abysses of ecstasy and darkness; few have observed, from such an inscrutable, Olympian remove, the ludicrous and gotesque minutiae of life. ...through the eye of Herzog's

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

lens the world is transfixed, rendered hopelessly, exquisitely weightless, ultimately diffusing beyond grasp the solid structures within which tragedy or satire can take root." -Alkan Chipperfield a\p-jy-\ntem am\p-jn-I-X-bntem Ah-bv°IsØ kwL¿j-ß-fntem A√; adn-®v, \∑-Xn-∑Iƒ°-∏pdw a\p-jy-s‚bpw am\p-jn-I-X-bp-sSbpw AXn-cp-I-fn-emWv sl¿tkm-Kn\p Xmev]-cyw. AXpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ km[m-c-Whpw km≤y-hp-amb Imcyßƒ sl¿tkmKv\mb-Isc {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. Ah¿ tXSp-∂Xv (A-hsc tXSp-∂-Xpw) Akm-≤yX-I-fm-Wv. ]e-t∏mgpw AX-h¿ t\Sp-∂-tX-bn-√-Xm\pw. ^n‰vkvI-dmƒtUm Bbmepw AKzntdbm bmepw Ah-cpsS At\z-jWw B A¿∞-Øn¬ e£y-{]m]vXn ssIh-cn-°p-∂n-√. F¶nepw B {`m¥≥kz]v\a - n-√msX Ah¿°v Pohn-°m-\p-am-hn√. AXp tXSn-bp≈ bm{X-Xs - ∂-bmWv Ah-cpsS PohnX-e-£yw. Aßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ kn\n-a-bp-sS-Xs∂ AXn-cp-If - n-emWv sl¿ tkmKpw kn\n-aI - fpw {]h¿ Øn-°p-∂-sX∂p ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kzm`m-hn-I-Xbntem bmYm¿∞y-Øntem A√ Ahbv°p Xmev]cyw. ]nSn-In-´m-bva-bmWv Ah-cpsS Xzc-Iw. ]d-®nen¬\n∂p \n»-_vZ-X-bn-te°pw ImgvN-bn¬\n∂v AtKm-N-c-Øn-te°pw Ne-\-Øn¬\n∂p \n›-e-Xbn-te-°p-amWv Ah k©-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ImgvN-i-‡nbn-√m-Øh - s - c-°p-dn®v sl¿tkmKv sNbvX Hcp Nn{XØn¬ A‘-\mb Hcmƒ Hcp hr£sØ sXm´-dnbp∂ cwK-ap-≠v. Cebpw a‰pw sXm´p-t\m-°n-b-Xn\p-tijw Abmƒ hr£-Øns‚ XSn-bpsS Xmsg-

\n∂p apI-fn-te°v kv]¿in®v AXns\ Adn-bm≥ {ian-°p-∂p. Abm-fpsS Isø-Øp∂ Db-cw-hsc Abm- f psS \o°sØ ]n¥p- S ¿∂- X n- \ p- t ijw Iymad ]ns∂bpw AXns‚ apI-fnse Ne\w XpScp- ∂ p. {ItaW B h∑- c - Ø ns‚ Kwò- c - a mb Db¿®bpw ]S¿∏pw ]I¿Øn-s°m-≠v. Cu Zriyw ImgvNb - n-√m-Øh - s‚ ]cn-[n-sbbpw ]cn-an-Xn-sbbpw ImgvNb - p-≈h - ¿°mbn Zriy-hX - vIc - n-°p-∂X - n-s\m-∏wXs∂ Adn-hn¬\n∂pw Adn-bm-hp-∂-Xn-\-∏p-d-ap-≈Xn-te-°p≈ Hcp sl¿tkm-Kn-b≥ k©m-cw-Iq-Snbmbn amdp-∂p. CØcw ]e-Xcw AXn¿Øn-ew-L\-ß-fmWv sl¿tkm-Kvkn-\n-a-Iƒ. `mjbv°pw kwkvIm-cØ - n\pw ]pdØp Pohn-°p∂ Hcmƒ AXn\-I-tØ°v {]th-in-°p-tºmƒ F¥p kw`-hn°p∂p? as‰m-cm-fpsS ta¬ ]c-am-[n-Imcw e`n-°ptºmƒ Hcmƒ GXv AXn¿Øn-hsc AXp-]-tbmKn°pw? hmKvZØ - `- q-an-°mbn Hcmƒ GXp-hs - c, GX‰w-hsc {ian°pw? A‘bpw _[n-c-bp-amb Hcmƒ Fßs\ B Ah-ÿ-bp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p? Cßs\ A\-h[n tNmZy-ßƒ ChnsS Db¿∂p-hcp-∂p. kz¥w Pohn- X - Ø n¬Øs∂ sl¿tkmKv CØcw "AXn- c p- ' I- S ∂ ]e {]hr- Ø n- I - f nepw G¿s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. kn\na \n¿Ωn-°m\mbn G‰hpw Zp¿§- a hpw A]- I - S - I - c - h p- a mb semt°-j-\p-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I, ac-W-°n-S-°bn¬ InS-°p∂ P¿Ω≥kn-\n-a-bpsS Imc-W-h-Ønbmb temń Cukv\sd ImWm-\mbn Hcp {hXwt]mse ayqWn-°n¬\n∂v ]mcokv hsc a™n¬ °qSn Im¬\Sbmbn k©-cn-°pI; kwhn-[m-b-I-

\m-Im-\m-{K-ln-°p∂ bph-kp-lrØv Hcp Nn{Xw \n¿Ωn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xm≥ Xs‚ jqkv Xn∂msa∂p hmXp- h - b v ° p- I bpw AXv A£- c m¿∞Øn¬ ]men-°p-Ibpw sNøpI, kz¥w Poh≥ A]I-S-Øn-em-°n-s°m≠v A`n-\-bn-°m≥ aSn-Im-Wn® ¢ukv In≥kvIn-sb∂ X\n-t°-‰hpw {]nb-¶c - \ - mb \S-\p-t\sc tXm°p-Nq-≠p-I... Aßs\ ]e-Xpw.

3 kn\n-a-bv°p-am{Xw km≤y-am-Ip∂ XnI®pw `uXn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb Cu ambn-I-X-bm-bncn°pw sl¿tkmKv F∂ Ne-®n-{X-Im-cs\ hyXykvX-\m-°p-∂-Xpw; kn\n-asb _u≤n-I-am-bn-am{Xw kao-]n-°p-∂-shsc {]tIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-Xpw. "It is the moving image per se that is the message in these kinds of films, the way that the film simply moves on the screen without asking you questions. I love this kind of cinema. It does not have falseness and phoni-

^n‰vkI v tdmƒtUm

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

ness of films that try so hard to pass on a heavy idea to the audience or have the fake emotions of most Hollywood films. Someone like Jean-luc Godard is for me intellectual counterfeit money when compared to a good kung fu film. ...Film is not analysis, it is the agitation of the mind; cinema comes from the country fair and the circus, not from art and academicism. (Herzog on Herzog) ico-cØ - n¬\n∂pw `uXn-IX - b - n¬\n∂pw hn´p\n¬°p∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ _p≤n-]-c-X-tbm-Sp≈ sshap-Jyhpw AXn-am-\p-j-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ {]ta-b]-c-amb Xmev]-cy-hp-amImw Hcp-]-t£, sl¿tkmKn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ°v hgn-sh-®n-´p≈-Xv. {]I-Sa - mb cmjv{So-bk - t- μ-iß - ƒ Xs‚ kn\na-I-fn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°p-Ibpw F∂m¬ Xs‚ Nn{Xß- f n- e qsS A[n- I m- c - s Ø- ° p- d n®v C{Xbpw Xo£vWhpw \nc-¥-c-hp-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ as‰mcp Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-\p-≠m-hm-\n-S-bn-√. sl¿tkm- K v X s∂ ]d- b p- ∂ - X p- t ]mse At±- l -

Øns‚ {]ta-b-ßfpw t_Pm-dp-Ifpw AØcw tcJo-ba - mb N´-°q-Sp-Iƒt°m LS-\I - ƒt°m Hcn°epw hg-ßp-∂X - p-a√ - : "Nightmares and dreams do not follow the rules of political correctness."

4 ^n‰vkvItdmƒtUm F∂ Nn{X-Øn¬ Batkm¨Im-Sp-I-fneqsS k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ AhnsS Pohn-°p∂ BZna "C¥y'°msc-°p-dn-®v I∏-en-ep≈-h¿°n-S-bn¬ `bw ]Scp∂ Hcp cwK-ap-≠v. At⁄-b-X-bp-am-bps≈mcp apJm-ap-J-am-W-Xv. ]pdØv F¥m-sWt∂m Ah-sc-ßs\ {]Xn-Ic - n-°psat∂m Adn-bn-√. BsI-bp-≈Xv Ah-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ Nne sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw sFXn-ly-ßfpw am{Xw. ac-W`o-Xn-bn¬ F√m-hcpw aSn®pw Hfn®pw \n¬°p-tºmƒ ^n‰v k v I - d mƒtUm B At⁄- b - X sb t\cnSm≥Xs∂ Xocp-am-\n-°p∂p ˛ as‰mcp At⁄-bi-‡n-sIm-≠v. Abmƒ Xs‚ sdt°m-Uvtπ-b¿ I∏ens‚ U°n¬ FSp- Ø p- h ®v Icq- t km- b psS kwKoXw B \n_n-U-h-\-Øn-te°v {]t£-]-WwsN-øp-∂p. ⁄m\-Øn\pw hnh-c-Øn\pw ]nSn-X-cmØ, Ah-bv°-∏p-d-ap≈ c≠p {]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ XΩnep-s≈mcp apJm-ap-J-am-W-Xv. AXp-t]mse as‰mcp kμ¿`-Øn¬ B I∏¬ Hcp ]pg-bn¬\n∂v as‰m∂n-te°v ae-ap-I-fn-eqsS hen-®p-I-b-‰p-tºm-gp≈ Zp¿L-S-L-´-Ønepw Icq-tkm-bpsS kwKo-X-sØØ-s∂-bmWv ^n‰vkvI-dmƒtUm B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Hc¿∞- Ø n¬ Xs‚ e£y- s Øtbm Xs∂- Ø s∂tbm BWv Abmƒ B At⁄-b-X-bnepw

Akm-≤y-X-bnepw t\cn-Sp-∂-Xv. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ^n‰vkvI-dmƒtUm F∂ a\pjy\v F¥mWp th≠Xv? F¥n-\m-bmWv Cu IjvS∏m-Sp-I-sf√mw Abmƒ kln-°p-∂Xv? kwKo-Xsa∂ XnI®pw sshb-‡n-I-amb B\μw? Batkm-Wnse \n_n-U-h-\-Øn\p \Sp-hn¬ Hcp Hm∏d-th-Zn-sb∂ ÿm]-\-Øns‚ \n¿ΩnXn? CsX√mw sNbvXp-Xo¿°p-∂-Xnse lcw? AbmƒXs∂ HcnSØp ]d-bp-∂p≠v: "I'm doing all this because I have one dream, the Opera. The Great Opera in the Jungle! Fitzcarraldo will build it and Caruso will sing at the premiere. It's only the dramers who ever move mountains." F∂m¬ AXn-\p-th-≠ -]-WØntem {]ikv X nbntem `uXn- I - k u- I - c y- ß - f n- t em H∂pw Abmƒ°v Xmev]-cy-an-√. AsX√mw e£y-{]m-]vXn°p≈ am¿§- ß ƒ am{X- a m- W v . ]W- t Øm- S p≈ ^n‰vkvI-dmƒtUm-bpsS kao-]\w hfsc IWn-iam-Wv: "I just can't stand the sight of dandies who think money can buy everything."

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv AXpsIm- ≠ p- X s∂ Abmƒ°v kºØv e£y-am°n AhnsS FØn-t®¿∂n-´p≈ bqtdm]y≥ apX-em-fn-am-cpsS Pohn-X-tØmSpw ImgvN-∏mSp-I-tfmSpw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sm-\p-am-hp-∂n-√. Ah¿ kº-∂X \¬Ip∂ Zqc-ß-fnepw kpJ-ku-I-cyßnepw apgp-Ip-tºmƒ ^n‰vkvId- mƒtUmbv°v AXnsem∂pw Xmev]c - y-ta-bn-√. Abm-sfbpw Abm-fpsS {`m¥≥kz-]v\-ß-sfbpw Ah¿°v ]p—-am-Wv. Ahc-bmsf hnfn-°p-∂-Xp-Xs∂ "{]tbm-P-\-iq-\y-am-bh-bpsS kml-kn-I≥' (the conquistador of the useless) F∂m-Wv. BZyw Abmƒ B \n_-U-h-\m-¥c-ß-fn-eqsS Hcp Xoh-≠n-∏mX \n¿Ωn-°m≥ {ian°p-∂p. AXv ]Ip-Xn-bn-ep-t]-£n-®-Xn-\p-tijw Abm-fpsS {iaw Ahn-sS-sbmcp sFkv ^mIvSdn XpS-ßm-\m-Wv. CØcw {]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-amb {]Xn_-≤-X-I-fmWv Abmsf apt∂m´p \bn-°p-∂-Xv. a‰p-≈-h¿ ImWm-ØXv Abmƒ ImWp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v B {]tZ-i-Øns‚ `q]Sw ImWp tºmƒ Abm-fpsS IÆp ]Xn-bp-∂Xv c≠p ]pgIƒ XΩn¬ hfsc ASp-sØm-gp-Ip∂ saen™ `q`m-K-Øn-em-Wv. Bcpw ImWmØ B ImgvN Abmsf as‰mcp kz]v\Ø - n-te°p \bn-°p-∂p. B saen™ `mK-Øn-eqsS Hcp I∏¬ A∏p-d-tØ°p IS-Øn-bm¬ AXp-hgn AXn-\-∏p-dsØ `q{]-tZisØ d∫¿ hn-]-Wn-bn-se-Øn-°m\pw AXp-hgn kºØm¿÷n-°m-\p-am-hp-sa∂pw Abmƒ kz]v\wIm-Wp-∂p. kwKoXw, Icqtkm F∂ ]m´p-Im-c≥, Ba-tkm-Wn¬ Hcp Hm∏d thZn, AXn-\p≈ ]Ww, AXp-hsc FØn-s∏-Sm-\m-hmØ `q{]-tZ-isØ d∫¿, AXp hn‰p-≠m-°p∂ ]Ww, Hm∏-dt- hZn ]Wn-

b¬, AXns‚ DZvLm-S-\-th-f-bn¬ Icq-tkm-sbs°m≠v ]m´p-]m-Sn-°¬, X\n°p {]nb-s∏´ kwKoXw... Cßs\ \nc-h[n L´-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂v, A\h[n IS-º-Iƒ IS-t°≠ Hcp kz]v\-]-≤-Xn-bmWXv. Nn{X- Ø ns‚ Ah- k m- \ - c w- K - Ø n¬ hn^- e sa∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sm-hp∂ Xs‚ {iasØ ^n‰vkvIdmƒtUm hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv Hcp IY-bn-eq-sS-bmWv. BZy-ambn \bm{K sh≈-®m-´w I≠ Hcmƒ B A\p-`-hsØ hnh-cn-°p-tºmƒ Bƒ°m¿ Abm-fn¬\n∂v AXn-\p≈ sXfnhv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p. At∏mƒ B a\p-jy≥ ]d-bp∂p: AXns‚ sXfnhv Rm≥ I≠p F∂-Xp-am-{X-am-sW-∂v. Hcn°epw \ntj-[n-°m-\m-hm-Ø, C√m-Xm-°m-\m-hmØ B "kXyw'am{X- a mWv ^n‰v k v I - d mƒtUmsb CØcw kml- k - ß ƒ°p t{]cn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X v . A√msX AXn-s‚- ^-etam AXp-aq-e-ap-≠m-tb°m-hp∂ kºtØm kuI-cy-ßtfm A√. XnI®pw {]tbm-P-\-hm-Z-]-chpw ^e-_-≤-hpamb (em-`w, bi- v, Dev]m-Z\ - w, Imcy-£a - X - ...) hyhÿ- I - s fbpw hnizm- k - { ]- a m- W - ß - s f- b p- a mWv sl¿tkmKv ChnsS ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xv. sImtfmWn-b-en-k-Øns‚ a\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-Xhpw bqtdm-tI{μn-X-hp-amb lo\-apJw CXns‚Xs∂ XpS¿®-bmW-v. Hcp-]t- £, a\p-jys\ a\p-jy-\m-°p-∂Xpw a‰p P¥p- P m- e - ß - f n¬\n∂v hyXy- k v X - \ m- ° p- ∂ Xpw {]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ apgp-Im-\p≈ XnI®pw am\p-jn-I-amb Cu Ign-hmWv. AXns‚ BtLmj-amWv ^n‰vkvI-dmƒtUm.

5 AtX-bn-SØp Pohn-®p-h-cp∂ Hcp bYm¿∞ hy‡n-bpsS A\p-`h - sØ Ah-ew-_n-s®-Sp-ØmWv Cu Nn{Xw. F¶nepw BJym\w "bmYm¿∞y-'Øn\-∏pdw t]mIp∂ H∂m-Wv. Im¿temkv s^¿an≥ ^n‰vkvI-dmƒtUm F∂ kml-kn-Is‚ Pohn-XØn¬ AbmƒsNbvX ImcysØ sl¿tkmKv ]p\cm-hn-jvI-cn-°p-tºmƒ B "bmYm¿∞yw' ]Xn-∑-Sßm-bn h¿≤n°p-∂p. 30 S¨ `mc-ap≈ I∏≥ 300 SÆmbpw 20 Un{Kn-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ae-©-cnhv 40 Un{Kn-bmbpw s]cp-Ip-∂p. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ I∏¬ Hcp-h-i-Øp-\n∂v s]mfn-s®-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]mbn adp-h-iØv ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-I-bmWp sNbvX-sX¶n¬, Nn{X-Øn¬ B I∏¬ Hcp ]pg-bn¬\n∂v adp]p-g-bn-te°v Hcp ae-bv°p-ap-I-fn-eqsS hen®p Ib‰-s∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬ as‰mcp Xe-Øn¬, AXm-bXv

Nn{X-Øns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ k¶-ev]Øn¬, Hcp ISpØ bmYm¿∞y- h m- Z n- b mWv sl¿tkm-Kv. Nn{X-Øn¬ Hc-h-k-c-Ønepw Fs¥¶nepw coXn-bn-ep≈ kvs]jy¬ C^-IvSp-Iƒ D]tbm-Kn-°p-Itbm tS_nƒtSm]v amXr-II - ƒ D]-tbmKn- ® p≈ {]Xo- X n- \ n¿Ωm- W - { iaw \S- Ø p- I tbm sNbvXn-´n-√. bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ I∏-ep-IƒXs∂ D]-tbm-Kn®pw AXv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ae-I-b-‰n-bpamWv cwK-ßƒ Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]Xn-]m-Zn°p∂ BJym-\hpw (A-Xns‚ "{`m¥pw') BJym\-\n¿Ωm-Wk - t- ¶-Xhpw XΩnepw c≠n-ep-ap≈ Pohm]m-bk - m-≤y-XI - ƒ XΩnepw IYm-]m-{Xhpw AXns‚ BJym-Xmhpw XΩn-ep-sa√mw A{X-tbsd kmayß-fp≈ Nn{Xw-Iq-Sn-bmWv ^n‰vkv-I-dmƒtUm. z

CMva¿ _¿Kvam≥

Cu sskt°m-f-Pn-°¬ {Uma F\n°p kln-°m≥ hnj-a-am-Wv. _¿Kvams‚ kn\n-a-bp-am-bp≈ Fs‚ Ie-l-hp-an-Xm-Wv. New German Cinema: From Oberhausen to Hamburg. Twayne Publishers, 1983

s]¿tkmW

t{Im[-Øns‚bpw ]cm-P-b-Øns‚bpw ssZhw

cn-{XsØ bmYm¿∞-y-Øns‚bpw {àmfl-I-X-bp-sSbpw I\-se-cn-bp∂ ]pcm-hr-Ø-ambn Zri-yh - ¬°-cn-°p∂ AXn-km-lk - n-Ia - mb Ne-®n{X \n¿ΩnXnbmWv "AKzn-td, t{Im[-Øns‚ ssZhw' (Aguirre the Wrath of God, 1973) F∂ sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Nn{Xw. IY-I-fp-sSbpw tI´p-tIƒhnI-fp-sSbpw hym-tam-l-ß-fp-sSbpw {]tem-`-\-ß-fpsSbpw Xnf- ß p∂ \ng¬hoWv Ipg™ Hcp kph¿W k¶¬∏-am-b, s]dp-hnse F¬U-dmtUm F∂ kz¿W\KcØn-te-°p-≈ kv]m\njv A[n\n-th-ik - w-LØ - ns‚ bm{X-bmWv Cu kn\n-a. BatkmÏmSp-I-fpsS APv-RmX`qanIbn-se-hn-sStbm kz¿W\Kcw Xß-fpsS `mK-yh - p-ambn ImØpIn-S-°p-I-bm-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p A[n-\n-th-i-kwLw

hn.-sI. tPmk^v

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv {]Xo-£n-®-Xv. s]dp-hnse C¶m km{am-P-y-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-Isf sIm≈-b-Sn-°p-Ibpw XI¿°p Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\ptijw ]e kv]m\njv kwLßfpw ]pXnb {]tZ-i-ßsf Iog-S-°m-\p-≈ A[n\n-thith´ XpS¿∂p. Ncn-{X-tcJ-I-fn¬ {]X-y-£s∏-ń-´p-≈ AØ-c-samcp th´-bpsS IY-bmWv Cu kn\n-a-bpsS _mly CXn-hr-Øw. F¬U-dmtUm bmYm¿∞-yØ - ns‚bpw I¬]nX IY-If - p-sSbpw CSbn-ep-≈ kz¿W`qan-bmWv; kz¿Wwam{Xw hnf-bp∂ `qan. Ahn-sS-sb-Øm≥ Ba-tkm¨ \Zn-bn-eqsS bm{X-sN-ø-Ww. tKm¨kmtem ]nkm-tdm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz- Ø - n¬ bm{X]pd-s∏´ kv]m\njvkwLw 1560¬ s]dp-hnb≥ ae-I-fn¬\n∂mWv AXns‚ bm{Xbmcw-`n-°p∂-Xv. Cu bm{X-sb-°p-dn®v Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ GItcJ Kmkvh¿Un- Im¿hm-P¬ F∂ {InkvX-y≥ ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒam{X-am-Wv. ""1560 se Hcp {InkvakvZnhkw {]`mXIp¿∫m-\bv°p tijw taL- ß ƒ°n- S - b n- e qsSsbt∂mWw Rßƒ Xmtg°n-dßns°m≠n-cp-∂p...'' -F-∂mWv Ubdn Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. BImiw apń\n¬°p-∂, Aº-c∏ - n-°p∂ ae-\n-cI - f - psS ]md-bn-Sp-°p-If - n-eqsS Ddp-ºn≥Iq´sØ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂hn[-Øn¬ Xmtgm-ń-d-ßp∂ kwL-Øns‚ AXnhnZqcZri-yØn-emWv kn\na Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. Xmtg-°n-d-ßns°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ kwL-Øns‚ ]°¬ Ipcnipw Bbp-[-ßfpw I∂p-Im-en-Ifpw shSn-t°m-∏p-Ifpw ]oc-¶n-Ifpsams°-bp-≠v. Zpc¥kqN-Is - a-t∂mWw Hcp ]oc¶n Xmtgm-´p-cp≠phoWv IØn-∏-S¿∂v, acßƒ IØn; Hc-·n-tKmfwt]mse ]oc¶n ]pg-bn-

te°v hoWp NnX-dn. Ießnadn™v IpXn-s®m-gpIp∂ ]pgsb t\m°n kwLw Aº-c∂p\n∂p. ]pg-°-c-bn-eqsSbp≈ bm{X-bvs°m-Sp-hn¬ Ah¿ aptºm-´p-t]m-Im-\m-hmsX AhnsS Xº-Sn-®p. kwLØ-e-h≥ Xs‚ bm{Xm]≤-Xn-bpsS am‰w hni-Zo-Icn-®p. C\n Nßm-S-ß-fp≠m°ns°m≠v 40 t]¿ AXn¬ bm{XsNøWw. Ba-tkm-Wn-eqsS Ah¿ Xmtgm´p k©-cn®v F¬U-dm-tUm-bpsS semt°j≥ I≠p-]n-Sn-°Ww. tUmd-s]t{Zm D¿kz Bbncn°pw kwL-Øns‚ Iam≥U¿. c≠mw Iam≥Udmbn AKzn-sdsbbpw \ntbm-Kn-®p. D¿kz-bpsS `mcy tUmWbpw AKzn-sd-bpsS aIƒ ^vtfmdkpw H∏-ap-≠m-hpw. kvs]bn-\ns‚ cmP-k-`sb {]Xn-\n[o- I - c n®v s^¿Wmt≠m Kpkv a m≥ D≠m- h pw. ssZhhN-\ß - fpw ss__nfpw Ipcn-ip-ambn ]ptcmln-X≥ Kmkvhm¿Un Im¿hm-P¬ H∏ap-≠m-hpw. Cu kwLw Hcm-gvNb - v°p-≈n¬ ChnsSØs∂ Xncn-s®Ø-Ww. \mep-Zn-h-k-Øn\ptijw ]pg-bn-eqsS Ah¿ bm{X-bmbn. aq∂p Nßm-S-ß-fn-em-bn-´mWv bm{X. Hcp NßmSw £p`n-X-bmb \Zn-bpsS Npgnbn¬s∏´p. F√m ]cn- { iaßƒs°m- S p- h nepw Ah¿°v c£-s∏-Sm-\m-bn-√. Ahsc c£n-°m≥ Iam≥U¿ {ian-°p-tºmƒ AKznsd \ncp-’m-ls - ∏Sp-Øp-∂p. AhnSw apX¬ AKznsd, {Iqc-X-bpsS sNIp-Øm\pw t{Im[-Øns‚ ssZh-hp-am-Ip-∂-sXßn-s\-sb∂v kqN-\-Iƒ XpS-ßp-∂p. Nßm-S-Ønep-≈hsc c£n-°m≥ HcpkwLw {ian-°p-tºmƒ, ImSns‚ ad-hn¬\n∂v AKznsdbpsS \n¿t±-im-\pk-cWw Ah¿s°-Xnsc shSn-bp-Xn-cp-∂p. cm{Xn-bn¬ ]pg-bn¬ ]Xn-\©Sn Db-c-Øn¬

sh≈wIbdn NßmSwXI¿∂v sh≈-Øn-sem-en-®pt]mbn. AKznsd, A[n-ImcwsImXn-°p∂ Htc-Im[n-]-Xnsbt∏mse kwL-Øn-\p-≈n¬ kwL¿jßƒ krjvSn®psIm≠n-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Iem-]Øns‚ hnØp ]mIn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. {]Xn-Iqe Imem-hÿ ImcWw ]nkm-tdmbpw kwL-Ønse a‰p-≈-h-cpw Iymºv sNøp-∂n-S-tØ°v Xncn®p t]mIm≥ Iam≥U¿ D¿kz DØ-chnSps∂-¶nepw AKznsd AXn\p kΩ-Xn-°p-∂n-√. Abmƒ A[nIm-cØ - ns‚bpw taml-Øns‚bpw Bk-‡n-If - psS A]-IS- I - c - a - mb Npgn-If - n-te°v hoWpIgn-™n-cp-∂p. Iam≥U¿s°- X nsc shSn- b p- X n¿Øp- s Im≠v AKznsd Iem-]-Øns‚ sImSn-bp-b¿Øn. kwLØns‚ t\Xr-Xzw `oj-Wn-bp-sSbpw `oXn-bp-sSbpw

A¥-co-£-Øn-e-bmƒ ssI°-em-°n. NnXdnhoW tNmc \ne-hn-fn-I-fmbn `qan-bn-sem-gp-In. Ncn-{XØnse A[n-\n-th-i-ß-fp-sSbpw ]S-tbm-´-ß-fpsSbpw Bh¿Ø-\amWn-Xv. Ah-cpsS kwL-Øn¬ Nß-e-bv°n´v ASn-a-I-fm-°nb sdÕn¥-y≥ hwi-Pcp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp sdÕn¥-y≥, Abm-fpsS ]°ep-≈ apf-¶p-g¬hmZyw CSbv°v hmbn-°pw. AsXt∏mgpw ac-WØ - ns‚bpw Zpc-¥Ø - ns‚bpw km∂n≤ykqN-I-am-bmWv sl¿tkmKv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂-Xv. D¿kz shSn-tb‰v, ]cn-°p-]-‰n, XS-hn-em-°s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Cu Ipg¬hmZykwKoXw tIƒ°mw. t{Im[hpw ac-Whpw Nnd-Ip-Iƒ hncn-®p-I-gn-™p. AIn-sc-bpsS {]hr-Øn-I-fn-eqsS, `oXn ap´-bn-´p-s]cp-Ip-Ibpw acWw AXns‚ Zpcql]mX-Iƒ sXfn-

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv °p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. D¿kz-bpsS `mc-y, `¿Øm-hns‚ Poh≥ c£n-°m≥ ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ klmbw Bh-i-ys∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Abmƒ Xs‚ \n -lm-bX shfns∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v ]d-bp-∂p: ""ssZhw B{K-ln°p-∂Xpt]mse ]≈nbpw aXhpw Ft∏mgpw [\n-Is‚bpw i‡s‚bpw H∏-amWv \n∂-Xv.'' AKznsd Kpkvams\ cmPm-hm-b-h-X-cn-∏n-®psIm≠v kvs]bn-\n¬\n∂v kz-X-{¥-amb Hcp cmPysØ {]J-ym-]n-°p-∂p. ]ptcm-ln-Xs\ s°m ≠m-WnXv sNøn-°p-∂-Xv. D¿kzsb s]mXp-hn-NmcW\SØn h[n-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p. ]pXnb Nßm-S-ß-fp-ambn Ba-tkm-Wns‚ cu{Z-X-bneqsS bm{XXpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Xoc-ß-fn¬ sdÕn¥-y≥ BZn-hm-kn-I-fpsS {Kma-ßƒ-. im-¥amb ]pg-bn-eqsS k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ Np‰n-ep-ap≈ \n_nVh\- Ø ns‚ im¥- X - b v ° p- ≈ n¬ Aim-¥X - b - psS Hcp IS-en-cº - p-∂Xv Ah-cd- n-™n√. Ic-bn¬ \n_n-Uh - \ - Ø - n-\p-≈n¬ Aºpw hn√pambn sdÕn¥-y¿. acWw sNdnb Aºp-I-fmbn ]d- ° m- \ mbn Im´n- \ p- ≈ nse \n»- _ v Z - X - b n¬ NndIphncn®p XpS-ßn. A{]-Xo-£-ambn ]d∂p h∂psIm≠n-cp∂ acWw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-scbmbn sIm∂psIm≠n-cp-∂p. At∏m-sgms° apf-¥≠ - pIƒ Iq´n-t®¿Øp-≠m-°nb kpjnchm-Z-y-Øn¬ \n∂v ac-W-Øns‚ IdpØcmKw Db¿∂p-sIm≠n-cp-∂p. F¶nepw F¬U-dm-tUm-bn¬ DS≥ FØn-t®-cm-sa∂h¿ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. F√m-hcpw Fs¥m-s°tbm {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. kz¿Ww, `qan, cmP-yw, kv{XoIƒ- ˛ -F√mw A[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚

kz- ] v \ - ß ƒ. sh≈nsIńb Ipcn- i n\p]Icw kz¿WØns‚ Ipcniv {]Xo-£n-°p∂ ]ptcm-lnX≥- ˛- A-bmƒ°pw kº-Øn-s\-°p-dn®pw A[nIm- c - s Ø- ° p- d n®pw Nn¥n- ° p- t ºmƒ h\- y - a mb BÀmZw. ]pg-bpsS c≠pIc-bn-ep-ap-≈ AXn-cp-Ifn-√mØ Cu `qan Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xmbpw AXn¬ A[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xmbpw cmPmhv {]J-ym-]n°p-∂p. bm{X-bpsS HmtcmZnh-khpw cmP-y-Øns‚ hnkvXrXn IqSn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Ccp-Ic - I - f - n¬\n∂pap-≈ B{I-a-Ww, `£Ww Xo¿∂-Xns‚ Zmcn-{Zyhp sams°- ° qSn kwL- Ø ns‚ a\x- s sÿ- c yhpw hocyhpw XI¿Øp-I-f-bp-∂p. Bfp-Iƒ ]ń-WnsIm≠pw B{I-a-W-ßƒsIm≠pw Hs∂m-∂mbn acn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Iq´-Øn¬ AKznsd-bpsS {IqcX-Ifpw. c£-s∏-Sm≥ {ian-°p-∂-h¿°v ap∂-dn-bn∏mbn AKznsd Hcmsf sIm√p-∂p. hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ ac-W-ß-fpsS kqN-\-bmbn apf-¥-≠ns‚ hmZyw. Cu Zpc-¥-ßƒ°pw ac-W-Øn-\p-an-S-bn¬ Nßm-SØn-se-hn-sStbm IqSp-Iqń {]k-hn® Fen, kz¥w Ip™p-ßsf, \n›-e-ambn°nS-°p∂ Bbp-[ßƒ°pw ]oc-¶n-Iƒ°pan-Sb - n¬ \nt£-]n-°p-∂p. Zpc-¥-Øns‚bpw ac-W-Øns‚bpw Nnd-I-Sn-sbm-®Iƒ°nS-bnepw {]IrXn AXns‚ ssPh-{]-Inb XpS-cp-∂X - ns‚ kqN-\I - f - m-WX - v. Cu Zri-yß - f - psS XpS¿®-bmbn Iym-ad h\-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ]qØp-e ™p\n¬°p∂ ac-ß-fn-te-°mWv k©-cn-°p-∂Xv. Nßm-S-Øn-sem-cm-fpsS hnc-en¬ h∂n-cn-°p∂ ]qºm-‰-bpsS Zri-yw ˛ -a-c-Ww, Zpc-¥w, {]Ir-Xn, Pohn- X w, XS- - a n- √ mØ XpS¿®- I ƒ, Pohs‚ DW¿Δp-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS Zri-y-ß-fn-eqsS Iym-ad

k©-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. acWw hán´p]d-°p-tºmgpw {]IrXn kz- — - a mbn \n¬°p- I - b m- W v . Poh≥ AXns‚ D∑ØXmf-Øn¬ sNhn-tbm¿°p-∂p. A[n-Im-cØ - ns‚bpw [\-Øns‚bpw Zpc-bpsS D∑mZ-Øn-te°v IpXn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ AKznsd ]n∑-Sßm≥ Xøm-dm-hp-∂n-√. ]ptcm-ln-X≥ ]n∑SßWsa∂v ]d-bp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AKznsd aS-ßp-∂n-√. "hni∏pw ac-Whpw \Ωsf h´-an´p ]d-°p-∂p, \ap°v Bfp-Isf \jvSs - ∏-Sp-∂p. ]t£ i{Xp-°sf I≠p-ap-´p-t∂-bn-√. \ΩpsS hmKvZØ`qan-bn-te°v, taml-Øns‚ kz]v\`qan-bn-te°v FØp-t∂-bn-√. Nne-t∏mƒ F≥U-dmtUmXs∂ Hcp {àm-flI Nn¥bpw hn{`m-¥n-bp-am-Imw.' ]ptcm-ln-X≥ Cßns\ ]d- ™ p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- t °- X s∂ acWw Abm- s f sIm≠p-t]m-bn. "saIvkn-t°mbpw Hcn-°¬ CØ csamcp {àm-flIXbm-bn-cp-∂p. \Ωƒ ]n∑S-ßnbm¬ ]ndsI a‰p-]-ecpw IS∂phcpw. Ah¿ Cu `qan-bn¬ A[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°pw. ac-ßfpw sNSnIfpw am{X-ap-≈ `qan-bm-sW-¶nepw \maXv IogS°pw. kz¿Ww am{X-a√ kºØv. A[n-Im-chpw {]i-kvXnbpw kº-Øm-Wv'. AKznsd ]d-™p-sIm≠n-cp-∂p. F√m-hcpw ac-WsØ apJm-apJwImWptºmgpw £oWn-X-cmbn hogp-tºmgpw Hcp hnP-bnsb-t∏mse; D∑m-Zn-sb-t∏mse AKznsd Ahsc \nIrjv S - a mbn sXmgn- ° p- I bpw D]- { Z- h n- ° p- I bpw sNbvXp. AKznsd IqSp-X¬ {Iqc-\mbns°m≠n-cp∂p. Abm-fpsS aIsf am{X-am-W-bmƒ kvt\ln°p- ∂ - X v . AXpw aI- t fm- S p- ≈ Ahn- i p- ≤ - a mb ssewKn-Im-`n-em-jØ - ns‚ I\-ep-If - n-emWv Abmƒ Xs‚ kvt\lw s]mXn-bp-∂Xv. Ahfpw sIm√s∏Sp-

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv tºmƒ GI-\mb Abm-fpsS Np‰nepw Nßm-S-Ønte°v \nc-h[n Ipc-ß∑m¿ FØn-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah¿ am{X-am-W-bmƒ°n\n Iq´mbn´p-≈Xv; apI-fn¬ IØn-sb-cn-bp∂ kqc-y-\pw. Iym-a-d-bpsS Akm-[mc-W-bmb Ne\Xmf-Øn-eqsS Nßm-S-Øn¬ GI\mbn \n¬°p∂ AKznsdam{Xw. \Zn-bpsS t]Sns∏-Sp-Øp∂ GIm-¥X - b - n¬ h\-Øn\p \Sp-hn-eqsS, ih-ßƒs°m-∏w, Iptd Ipc-ß∑m-cp-ambn AKznsd Xs‚ A\n-hm-cyZpc-¥Ø - n-te°v k©-cn-®p-sIm-≠ncp-∂p. Iym-a-d-bpsS Akm-[m-cW Id-°-Øn-eqsS Nßm-S-Ønse acn®a\p-j-ycpw AKznsdbpw Hcp \n›-eZ- r-iywt]mse kao]Zri-yØ - n¬\n∂v hnZqc Zri-y-Øn-te°v amdn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. `qan-bpsS {àWsØ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂Xc-Øn¬ Nßm-S-Øns‚ Zriyw Id-ßn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Ba-tkm¨ h\-Øns‚bpw ae-I-fp-sSbpw tamln-∏n-°p∂ ImgvNbpw A]-IS- hpw Zpc-¥ß - fpw bmYm¿∞ywXs∂-bm-sW∂v kqNn-∏n-°p∂ BZy ko-I-z≥kp-Iƒ Ne-®n-{X-`m-j-bp-sS, kz-]v\m-fl-Iamb ]q¿WXsIm≠v \sΩ Aº-c-∏n-°pw. tUm Iypsa‚dnbpsSbpw ^n£s≥bpw CS-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ kq£vabm{X-I-fpsS Ne-®n-{Xm-\p-`-h-am-WnXnse \nc-h[n ko-I-z≥kp-Iƒ. Ba-tkm¨ \ZoX-Sß - fpw Pe-∏c - ∏ - ns‚bpw Hgp-°ns‚bpw KXnbpw Xmf-ßfpw \n_nUh\-ß-fpsS cu{Z-Ko-Xhpsam s°-s°m≠v Cu kn\na BJ-ym\kn\n-ab - psS \h`m-jsbbmWv t{]£-I¿°v \¬Ip-∂-Xv. Batkm¨ {]tZ-i-Øns‚ {]Ir-Xn-Zr-iyw A[oikz`m-h-ap-≈ Hcp IYm-]m-{X-ambpw {]tab]cn-k-cambpw Cu kn\n-a-bn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw kwL¿jm-fl-

I-ambn {]X-y-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Iym-a-dbpw AXns‚ h\-y-amb Ne-\-ßfpw Ba-tkm-Wns‚ h\-y-Xsb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Xc-Øn-emWv cq]-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv. Hmtcm tjm´p-Ifpw A]-I-S-I-c-amb BImihnXm\-ßf - n¬\n∂pw \Zn-bp-sSbpw h\-Øns‚bpw h\yX-I-fn¬\n∂pw cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. t¢mkv In≥kvIn F∂ alm-\-Ss‚ km∂n-≤-yhpw A`n-\b - hpw Cu kn\n-ab - psS A¿∞am\-ßs - fbpw h-ym-J-ym-\-ß-sfbpw hn]p-e-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Xm≥ G‰hpw henb H‰p-Im-c\pw t{Im[-Øns‚ ssZhhp-am-sW∂v kwL-Ø-e-h-s\-Xnsc Iem]w\SØn A[n-Imcw ]nSn-®-S-°n-s°m≠v AKznsd ]d-bp∂p≠v. Abm-fpsS D∑mZw Xnc-b-Sn-°p∂ Bfl`m j-W-ßfpw òj-Wn-Ifpw kwL¿jw P-z-en-°p∂ apJ-hpw IØp∂ IÆp-Ifpsams° Nne-t∏mƒ ln‰vesd Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°pw. Abmƒ \S-Øp∂ h-ym-Phn-Nm-c-W-Ifpw cl-k-yhpw {Iqc-hp-amb in£ \S∏m-°e - p-Ifpsams° ^mjn-kØ - ns‚ Ccp≠ImeØn-te-°p-≈ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fm-Wv.

Hcp tI{μo-IrX _nw_-Øn\pNp‰pw Nen-°pIbpw ]c-kv]c_‘n-X-ambn Id-ßp-Ibpw {]Iº\wsIm≈p-IbpwsNøp∂ \Zn-bpsS Npgnt]msebmWv sl¿tkmKvkn\n-a-I-fpsS _nw_m-h-en-Iƒ {]X-y£ - s - ∏-Sp-∂X - v. Ba-tkm¨ h\-`q-an-bnse \ZnbpsS GIm-¥hpw òXn-P-\-I-hp-amb ivaim\aqIX-bn¬ Hgp-Ip∂ Nßm-S-Ønse GI-\mb AKzn sdsb Iym-ad Np‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse bp≈ Hcp Zri-ya - p-≠v. AKznsd-bm-Wv C-Xnse tI{μ _nw_w. Nßm-S-Øn¬ Abmƒ°pNp‰nepw acn® a\p-j-y-cpw shSn-t°m-∏p-Ifpw Bbp-[-ßfpw NnXdn-°n-S-°p-∂p-≠v. \qdp-I-W-°n\v sNdnb Ipc-ßpIƒ Abp-[-ßƒ°nS-bn-eq-sSbpw ]oc-¶n°p apIfn-eq-sSbpw HmSn-°-fn-°p∂pap-≠v. ap-I-fn¬ IØn\n¬°p∂ kqc-y≥. \nc-h[n kqN-\-I-fn-te°pw h-ym-Jy- m-\ß - f - n-te°pw k©-cn-°p∂ _nw_m-he - nI-fpsS ]c-kvIc_‘n-X-amb Hcp LS\ ChnsSms° ImWmw. Ncn-{X-Ønse F√m GIm-[n-]XnIfpw A¥n-a-ambn GIm-¥-Xbpw Zpc-¥-ßfpw hebwsNø-s∏´v \n -lm-bcpw H‰-s∏-´-h-cp-ambn {]Ir-Xn-bpsS km¥-z\ - ß - ƒ°-∏p-dt- Ø°v sXdn®p hogpIXs∂ sNøp-sa∂v Cu Nn{Xw ASn-h-c-bn-Sp∂p. Xs‚ bYm¿∞ BJ-ym\cq]-ßƒ°-IØv, cq]-Iß - fpw _nw_-ßfpw Hcp kz]v\\rØ-Øns‚ {àm-flILS-\b - n-te°v tN¿°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Cu kn\na-bn-eq-sS-bp-≈ k©m-c-Øn¬ t_m≤-y-am-hpw. ]pcm-hr-Ø-ßfpw _nw_-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-°ptºmƒ as‰mcp cq]-Ihpw ]›m-Ø-e-hp-ambn `q{]Ir-Xnsb D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. sl¿tkmKv D]-tbmKn-°p∂ `q{]-tZ-iß - ƒ AXns‚ kzm-`m-hnI kuμ-

c-y-Ønepw {]tem-`-\-ß-fnepw Xnf-ßp-Itbm {]X-y£-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNøp-∂n-√. AXv bYm¿∞{]IrXn-bn¬\n∂v hntam-Nn-Xa - m-b, kz-X{- ¥-ambn krjvSn°-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp cq]-Ihpw _nw_-hp-ambn amdpI-bmWv sNøp-∂X - v. BImiw ap´n-\n¬°p∂ h\yamb ae-\n-c-Iƒ. apf-bv°mØ Ae¿®-Iƒ ]Xp ßn\n¬°p∂ \n_n-Uh - \ - w, cu{Zhpw im¥-hp-amb \Zn CsXms° kzm-`m-hnI ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v hntam-NnXamhp∂ _nw_-ß-fm-Wv. Cu `q{]-Ir-XnbpsS hn\n-tbm-K-ßƒs°m∏w apf-¶p-g¬hmZ-yØns‚ Zpc-¥k - q-NI - a - mb {]X-y£ - s - ∏-Se - p-Iƒ Cu kn\n-a-bnse i_vZ-_nw-_-ß-fpsS Akm-[m-c-Wamb km∂n-≤-y-ß-fm-Wv. kn\n-a-bnse `q{]-IrXn efnXImgvN-I-fp-sSbpw A\p-`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw `qanI-sb-b√ AS-bm-fs - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - v. AXp ]e-t∏mgpw tI{μ-I-Ym-]m-{X-amb AKznsd-bpsS am\-knIhym]m-c-ß-fpsS t{Im[-Øns‚bpw ssewKn-Im-`n-em-jß-fp-sSbpw A[n-Imctaml-ß-fp-sS-bpw- Nn{X]S-

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

{]Jym- ] n- ° p∂ Nne Imc- y - ß ƒ ^mjn- k - Ø n s‚bpw ln‰ve-dp-sSbpw hwi-ip-≤n-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈ D¬°-WvTI - f - n-te-°p≈ {]X-yb - i - mkv{XhmXm-b\ - ßfpw hym-J-ym-\-ß-fp-am-Wv. AXn-ß-s\-bm-Wv: ""Cu bm{X IS-en-se-Øp-tºmƒ \mw kap-{Z-bm{Xbv°pth≠n hfsc henb Hcp I∏¬ \n¿ Ωn°pw. temI-Øns‚ hS-t°m´v bm{XsNbvXv, {Sn\n-UmUns\hsc kv]m\njv km{am-Py- Ø - n¬\n∂v tamNn-∏n®v Hcp kz-¥-amb cmPyw ÿm]n-°pw. t{Im[- Ø ns‚ cmPmhpw ssZhhpamb Rm≥ Fs‚ kz¥w aIsf hnhmlwIgn-°pw. Ah-fp-am bnt®¿∂v `qan CXp-shc I≠n-´n-√mØ ip≤-amb Hcp hwisØ krjvSn-°pw. `qJ-WvU-ßƒ apgph≥ tN¿Øv Hcp h≥ km{am-Pyw \n¿Ωn-°pw.'' temIwapgp-h≥ Iog-S° - p∂ km{am-Py- Xzm[n-Imckz]v\ß - f - p-w hwi-ip-≤n-bp-≈ kaql\n¿Ωn-Xn-sb-°pdn-®p-≈ k¶¬∏-ß-fpw ^mjn-k-Ønt‚XmWv. ln‰v e - d psS Bc- y - h wiip≤n- b p- s Sbpw ta∑- b psSbpw k¶-ev]-ß-fpsS Cc-I-fmbn e£-W-°-W°n\v a\p-j-y¿ sIm√-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. AKznsd kz¥w aI-fpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ Xs‚ _oP-Øn¬ ]nd-°m≥ t]mIp∂ hwiip≤n-bp-≈ Hcp `mhn a\p-jyIp-esØ-bmWv k¶-ev]n-°p-∂Xpw B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xpw. _lp-kz- c - X - b - p-sSbpw P\m-[n-]X - y- Ø - ns‚bpw F√m km≤-y-X-I-sfbpw XI¿ØpsIm≠mWv ^mjnkw AXns‚ sImSn-bp-b¿Øp-∂X - v. AKznsdsb∂ D∑mZnbpw {Iqc-\p-amb Cu A[n-Imcn ^mjn-kØ - ns‚ {]Xo-I-ambn amdp-∂p-≠v. ]t£ F√m ^mjn-ÃpIfpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw Ncn{X kml-N-c-y-ß-fpsSbpw CS-bn¬ Zpc¥IYm-]m-{X-ß-fmbn A{]-X-y-

ßƒIqSnbmhp-∂p-≠v. Abmƒ {Ip≤\pw {Iqc\pw D∑m-Znbpw H‰-s∏-´-h-\p-am-Wv. Abm-fpsS ssewKnIX AK-a-y-K-a-\m-`n-em-j-ß-fmbn k-z¥w aI-fpsS ico-c-Øn-te°v ]S¿∂p-I-b-dp-I-bm-sW∂v kqN-\I-fp-≠v. kaq-l-Øns‚ hy-h-ÿm-]n-Xhpw kzo-Imc-yh - p-amb ac-ym-ZI - s - fbpw B[p-\nI kaql\n¿ΩnXn-bpsS aqe-y-ß-sfbpw A®-S-°-sØbpw Abmƒ ewLn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-km-lk - n-Ia - mb Cu bm{X-bn¬ Abmƒs°m-∏-ap-≈ ]Xn-\mdp-Imcnbpw kpμ-cn-bp-amb aI-tfm-Sp-≈ _‘-Øn¬ Akm-[m-cW - a - msbmcp {]X-ybimkv{XwIqSn shfns∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. CS-bv°nsS ln‰vesd Hm¿Ωn-∏n°p∂ `mh- { ]- I - S - \ - ß fpw coXn- I fpwsIm≠v AKznsd-bpsS ^mjnÃp{]Ir-Xnsb AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØp-∂p-≠v. Ba-tkm¨{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw \Zn-bpsSbpw h\-y-X-bn¬ IpSpßn kwL-Øn-ep-≈h¿ apgp-h≥ acn®pIgn-™n´pw D∑m-Z-Øns‚ GtXm temIØp\n∂v kz]v \ wI≠p- s Im≠v AKznsd

£-cm-hp-sa∂v Cu kn\na kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p-. ^mjn-k-Øns‚ Akp-c-`m-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®v, AXv {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Xmf-Øn\pw a\p-jy{]Ir-Xn-°p-ta-ev∏n°p∂ apdn-hp-I-sf-°p-dn®v Cu kn\na am{X-a-√, sl¿tkm-Kns‚ thmb-skIv t]mep-≈ kn\n-aIfpw D¬°WvT \nd™ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ ]¶psh°p∂p-≠v. sl¿tkm-Kns‚ BZ-y-Ime kn\n-a-bmbn cp∂n-´p-Iq-Sn, Hcp ¢mknIv ]q¿Æ-X-bp-≈ krjvSnbmbn CXp amdp-∂-Xn\p Imc-W-ß-fmbn c≠p aq∂p LS-I-ß-fp-≠v: H∂v, ktN-X-\hpw thK-Xbp-ff - X - p-amb Iym-ad Ne-\ß - f - m-Wv. tXmakv auIv (Thomas Mauch) F∂ {]ikvX Ombm-{Km-l-I\mWv sl¿tkm-Kns‚ a\- n-s\m∏w k©-cn-°p∂-Xv. koI-z≥kp-Iƒ°pw ko\p-Iƒ°p-an-S-bn¬ \nem-hp-t]mse NnXdnhogp∂ \ni-_vZX - sb, A]q¿ Δ-amsbmcp kwKoX\n¿Ωn-Xn-sIm≠v CS-bv°nsS Ak-z-ÿ-I-c-amb km∂n-≤-y-ambn am‰n-Øo¿°p∂Xp kwKoXkwhn-[m-b-I≥ t]m∏p¬ hp. Zpc¥ kqN-I-ambpw acWkm∂n-≤-y-ambpw {]X-y-£-s∏-

Sp∂ apf-¶p-g¬ hmZ-yØ - ns‚ D]-tbmKw Cu kn\na-bpsS kwL¿jm-ﬂ-Ihpw Zpc-¥-]-c-hp-amb ]cnk- c sØ Iº\wsImf- f n- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . t¢mkv In≥kvIn F∂ Akm-[m-cm-W\pw D∑m-Znbpw {Ip≤\p-amb \Ss‚ A`n-\bkm∂n-≤yw Cu kn\n-ab - psS icocXmf-Øns‚ kuμ-c-y-ambn amdp∂ c≠masØ LS-Ia - m-Wv. ]e-t∏mgpw CS™p\n¬°p∂ {Ip≤\pw sXΩm-Snbpw Al-¶m-cn-bp-amb Hcp \S≥ Ba-tkm¨{]tZ-iØ - ns‚ cu{Z-Xb - n¬\n∂v Fßs\-bmWv AKzn-tc-bpsS ico-c-Øn-te°v IqSp-amdp-∂-sX-∂p-ffXv hfsc ck-I-c-am-Wv. aq∂m-asØ LSIw BJ-ym-\-L-S-\-bnse am{¥n-Isb-bm-Wv. Ne-®n-{X-Øns‚ BJ-ym-\-L-S\-bpsS F√m km≤-y-X-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw LS-\s - b-Xs∂ kn\n-ab - psS _nw_m-he - n-Ifpw cq]I-ß-fp-ambn ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°m\pw sl¿tkm-Kn-\mbn-´p-≠v. kn\n-ab - psS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ hfsc A]q¿Δamb H∂m- W - X v . kw`m- j - W - ß f[nI- a n- √ mØ CXns‚ BJ-ym\LS\ Ba-tkm¨ ]pg-sbm-gpIp-∂-Xp-t]mse _nw_-ß-fpsS (images) AN-©e-amb {]hm-l-ambn amdp-∂p-≠v. _nw_-\n¿Ωn-XnbpsS Cu {]hmlw kn\n-a-bpsS KXn-th-KsØ \n›-bn-°pIam{X-a√ sNøp-∂Xv. AXns‚ `mh-]cn-k-csØ Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v. ]pg hnkv Xr-X-am-Ip-Ibpw Hgp°v Ipd-bp-Ibpw im¥-am-IpIbpw cu{Z-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\-\p-kr-X-am-bn, {]tabØns‚ Xmfhpw kz-`m-hhpw amdp-∂p-≠v. \S-∑m-c√ `q{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS ÿe-L-S-\-bmWv kn\na-bnse {Inb-Isf \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw kzm-[o-\n-°pIbpw sNøp-∂-sX∂v \ap°ptXm∂pw. Np‰p-]m-Sp-

I-tfmSv {]Xn-Ic - n-°p∂ \S-∑m-cpsS {Inb-If - n¬°qSn kml-N-c-y-ß-fpsS kΩ¿±-ßfpw kwL¿j-ßfpw D∑m-Z-ßfpw {`-am-fl-I-X-Ifpw aXn-{`-a-ßfpw {]Xn^-en-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. A]q¿Δ-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ kw`mj-Wß - ƒ BJ-ym\LS-\b - psS _e-am¿∂ IÆn-bm-tbm {Inb-If - psS thKwIq´p∂ H∂mtbm A√ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂X - v. AXp ]e-t∏mgpw IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS kz-`m-hsØ AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØm\pw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-ap-≈ a{¥-ß-fm-Wv. kw`m--jW - ß - ƒ kqN-Iß - fpw [ - z- \ - n-If - p-ambn ZriyL-S-\-bpsS khn-tij `mjm{]tbm-K-ß-fn-te°v ]cn-h¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp∂Xns‚ \nc-h[n kμ¿`-ßƒ Is≠- Ø m- \ mhpw. BZyZriy- ß ƒ ]cn- t im- [ n°pI. BImiw apń\n¬°p∂, Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ ae-\n-c-I-fpsS ]md-bn-Sp-°p-I-fn-eqsS IpØs\

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

Xmtgm-´n-d-ßp∂ kwL-Øns‚ hnZqcZriy-ØnemWv kn-\na Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. taL-ßƒ°nS-bneqsS AXns\ sXm´p-cp-Ωnbpw AXn¬ Xqßnbpand-ßp∂ kwL-Øns‚IqsS Icnipw Bbp-[ß - fpw shSn-t°m-∏p-Ifpw I∂p-Im-en-Ifpw tImgn-Ifpw [mcmfw sdÕn¥-y\ - S- n-aI - fpap≠v. bqtdm-]y- ≥ tImf\o-I-c-W-Øns‚ bm-{Xm-h-gn-Ifpw X{¥-ßfpw Cu kwLØns‚ Iøn-ep-≈ hkvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂-dnbm≥ Ign-bpw. aX-]c - n-h¿Ø-\Ø - ns‚bpw A[n-Imc-Øns‚bpw {]Xo-Iß - f - mbn Ipcnipw ss__nfpw aptº k©-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. kv]m\njv km{am-P-yØns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn GsX-¶nepw sIm-≈-cp-XmØ-h\pw aμ-_p-≤n-bp-amb Hcp {]`p IpSpw-_mw-Khp-ap-≠m-Ipw. A[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚bpw Iog-S-°ens‚bpw cY-th-K-ßƒ, ]oc-¶n-Ifnepw tXm°p-I-

fnepw shSn-t°m-∏p-I-fnepw AXns‚ km∂n-≤-y-adn-bn-°p-∂p≠v. Cu ko\nse c≠p kw`m-j-Wßƒ Cßn-s\-bm-Wv. aebn-d-ßp-tºmƒ kwL-Øe-h≥ ]nkmtdm ]d-bp-∂p, "C\n \Ω-fpsS bm{X apt∂m´pw apI-fn-te-°p-am-Wv.' At∏mƒ AKznsd ]d-bp-∂p, "C\n \Ωƒ Cd-°Øn-te°v k©-cn°p-I-bm-Wv- ˛ c-≠ns‚bpw A¿∞-ßƒ hncp-t≤m‡n-bn-emWv Xp∂nt®¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C\n Cd° and- ß p- I - b m- s W∂v ]d- b p- ∂ - X n- e qsS AKznsd, hcm≥t]mIp∂ Zpc-¥sØ {]h-N-\m-ﬂ-I-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-Ib - m-Wv. AKzn-td-bpsS `mh-Øn¬\n∂v Abmƒ kz-¥-am-b, Hcp KqV-]-≤Xn Bkq-{XWw sNøp-Ib - m-sW-∂p-ff kqN-\I - ƒ hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw. kwL-Ø-e-hs‚ Hu-tZ-ym-KnIkz-c-Øn\pw \bØn\pw X{¥-ßƒ°psa-Xnsc X\n°v kz¥w clky]≤-Xn-Ifpw \o°-ßf - p-ap-s≠∂v Abmfo kw`mj- W - ß - f n- e qsS kqNn- ∏ n- ° p- I - b m- W v . AKznsd as‰m∂pIqSn ]d-bp-∂p≠v. "B¿°pw Poh-t\msS Cu ]pgsb adn-I-S-°m-\m-hn-√.' CXv kv]m\njvkwL-Øns‚ A[n-\n-th-ib - m{X-bpsS Zpc-¥-IY am{X-a-√, `qX-Im-e-Øns‚bpw h¿Ø-am-\-Øn-sebpw Ak-z-ÿ-I-c-amb F√m A[n-\n-th-iß - f - n-te-°p-ap-≈ k©mcwIqSn-bm-Wv. t]Sn- s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ Xpw shdp- ° - s ∏- t S- ≠ - X p- a mb F√m Ncn-{Xm-\p-`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw CXp \sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øpw. em‰n-\-ta-cn-°-bpsSta¬ 500 sIm√sØ bqtdm-]y- ≥ tImf-\o-Ic - W - Ø - ns‚ kqNI-ambpw ^mjn-k-Øns‚ sImºp-Iƒ apf-°p∂ a\p-j-y-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS km≤-y-X-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Cu kn\na kwkm- c n- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . P¿Ω≥ `qX- I m- e -

Øns‚ `qK¿`-ßf - n¬\n∂v Ae-dn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ ^mjn-kØ - ns‚ cq]-ßs - f-°p-dn®pIqSn Cu kn\na \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°pw. F√m Aan-Xm-[n-Imc {]tbmK-ßf - p-sSbpw ^mjn-kØ - ns‚bpw Zbm-cl - nX hgnI-fpsS Ccp≠ Ncn{XØn-te°v Cu Nn{Xw \sΩ hnfn-®p-sIm-≠ncn°pw. Ccp≠ {]m]-©nI{IaØns‚ A\n-hm-cykqN-I-ß-fmb D∑m-Zw, tcmKw, acWw F∂nh hy-‡n-I-fpsS B¿Øn-Iƒ°pw {Iqc-X-Iƒ°pw CS-bn-eqsS hncn-bp-∂-sX-ßn-s\sb∂pw AKznsd hy-‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. a\p-j-y-cpsSbpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw ssPh-{I-aß - ƒ°pw Xmfßƒ°pw \nb-a-ßƒ°pw FXn-cmbn Dbcp∂ F√m Iem-]ß - fpw A\n-hm-cy- a - mb Zpc-¥ß - f - n-semSp-ßp-sa-∂pw Cu kn\na ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. F√mw IogS-°m-\p-ff a\p-j-y-cpsS A[n-ImchmRvO D∑m-ZØn-te-°mWv A-hs\ sIm≠pt]mhp-I. sKmZm¿Zv , X¿t°mhv k v I n XpS- ß n- b - h - s ct∏mse Ne-®n-{X-`m-jb - nepw ssien-bnepw kvt^mS\m-ﬂ-I-amb Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈ Ne®n-{X-Im-c-\√ sl¿tkm-Kv. ]e- Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]e coXn-I-fn¬ hnI-kn-®p-h∂ Ne-®n{X`mj-bpsS kq£va-X-I-fn¬\n∂pw kuμ-c-ym-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ssien-I-fn¬\n∂pw DØ-a-sa∂v X\n°p t_m≤-y-s∏-´-sXms° kzo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv AXp]tbm-Kn®v Xt‚Xpam-{X-amb Hcp auenI cN\ krjvSn-°p-I-bp-amWv sl¿tkmKv sNøp-∂Xv.AXp-sIm-≠mWv bp≤m-\¥ - c bqtdm∏v krjvSn® G‰hpw henb Ne-®n-{X-Im-c∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fmbn sl¿tkm-Kns\ temIw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw BZcn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. hkvXp-X-I-fpsS D]-cn-Xe

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv bmYm¿∞- y - ß sf Ah- X - c n- ∏ n- ° p- t ºmƒXs∂ t{]£-I¿°v, AXn-\-∏pdw Xnf-®p-a-dn-bp∂ B¥cnIkØ-bpsS ITn\kX-y-ß-fn-te°v k©-cn-°m\m-hp∂ Hcp cN-\mssien-bmWv sl¿tkmKv D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-j-y-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS hnhn[ Ahÿ-I-fn¬ ]qØp-e-bp∂ amen-\-y-ß-fn-te°pw tcmK-ß-fn-te°pw {Iqc-X-I-fn-te°pw D∑m-Z-Ønte°pw `bm-c-ln-X-amb bm{X-bmWv sl¿tkmKv Cu kn\n-a-bn-eqsS \S-Øp-∂-Xv. CXns\ a\p-jy kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS Ccp≠temI-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°s∏- S p∂ P¿Ω≥ \mkn- L - ´ - Ø nse ^mjn- k Øns‚bpw Ata-cn-°\ - [ - n-\n-th-iß - f - p-sSbpw {IqcX-If - n-te°pw arKo-bX - I - f - n-te°pw _‘-s∏-SpØn hym-J-ym-\n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Htckabw Im¬∏-\nI-sat∂m bYm¿∞-sat∂m hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂, Nne-t∏mƒ c≠ns‚bpw an{i-Ws - a∂v hnfn-°m-hp∂ Xs‚ kz¥w ssieo-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bneqsS sl¿tkmKv t{]£-Isc Aº-c-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. bYm¿ ∞-amb ssien°pw LS-\b - v°p-an-Sb - n¬ Nne X{¥ßƒ sl¿tkmKv {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. AKznsd XShn-em-°nb kwL-Ø-e-hs‚ `mcy hy-X-y-kvX-X-bp≈Xpw thdn-´-Xp-amb Hcp IYm-]m-{X-am-Wv. {]IrXn-bpsS F√m im¥-Xbpw hnip-≤nbpw \ng-en°p∂ IÆp-Ifpw {]m‡\hpw kqc-y-]Swt]mse arZp-e-hp-amb hkv{X-hp-ap≈ Cu kv{Xo Np‰n-ep-apff F√m-Øcw amen-\-y-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hrØn-tI-SpI-fn¬\n∂pw {Iuc-yØ - n¬\n∂pw A[n-Im-cØ - ns‚ D∑m-ZØ - n¬\n∂pw tamNn-Xb - p-am-Wv. kwL-Ønse F√m-hcpw lnwkm-ﬂ-Ihpw {Iqc-hp-amb ]cn-kcØv ac-WØ - n-te°v hogp-∂Xv \ΩpsS ImgvNb - psS

ùXn-Im-\p-`-h-ambn amdp-tºmƒ Cu kv{Xo a‰p-≈h¿ t\m°n\n¬s° Hcp kz-]v\m-S-I-sb-t∏mse \S∂v Imń-\p-≈n-te°v A{]-X-y-£bm-hp-I-bm-Wv. Ah¿ iq\-y-X-bn-se-hn-sStbm A{]-X-y-£-bm-b-Xpt]m-sebpff Cu A\p-`hw {]Xo-Im-fl-I-am-Wv. Cu Xntcm-[m\w bYm-X-Y-amb H∂m-b√ \ap°v tXm∂p-I. F√m kl-\-ß-fnepw Zpcn-X-ß-fnepw aen-\-am-ImsX \n¬°p∂ a\p-j-y-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS B¥-cn-I-amb \∑-sb-bmWv B IYm-]m{Xw ASbm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Cu _nw_-kq-N\sIm≠pw AXns‚ {]tbmKwsIm≠pw D]-cn-Xe bmYm¿∞yßƒ°∏p-d-tØ°v \ΩpsS Dƒ°m-gvNsb \bn°m≥ sl¿tkm-Kn-\m-Ip-∂p-≠v. BJym-\-L-S-\bpsS b-Ym¿∞coXn-If - n¬Øs∂ Cßns\ kzm`mhn-Ia - mbn {]X-y£ - s - ∏-Sp-∂X - p-t]m-ep≈ ]e _nw_ßfpw ImgvN-bpsS bmYm¿∞-y-Øn-\-∏p-d-ap-≈ hymJ-ym-\sØ aptºm´psh°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. BZyko\n¬ ae-ap-I-fn¬\n∂v XmsghoWv, s]mńØ-I¿∂v, Bfn-°-Øp∂ ]oc-¶n Ah-km\ Zri-yØn¬ Nßm-SØ - n¬ NmSn-°b - d- p∂ \qdp-IW - ° - n\v sNdp-Ip-c-ßp-Iƒ ]oc-¶n-Iƒ°pw shSn-t°m-∏pIƒ°pw CS-bn-eq-sSbpw apI-fn-eq-sSbpw HmSn-°fn-°p-∂-Xv... Aßs\ \nc-h[n ssPh-_nw-_-ßƒ kn\n-a-bpsS BJ-ym-\-L-S-\-bn-ep-S-\ofw {]X-y-£s∏-´p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p-≠v. s]dp-hn-b≥ ag-°m-Sp-I-fpsS `q{]-Ir-Xnsb kn\n-a-bpsS ico-c-Øn-te°v Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip∂Xv AXn-km-l-kn-I-amb ]Wn-bm-Wv. s]dp-hns\bpw saIvkn-t°m-sbbpw Iog-S° - nb kv]m\njv tPXm-°ƒ Ncn-{X-Ønse kam-\X - I - f - n-√mØ A[n-

\n-thikwL-ßf - m-Wv. D∑m-Zt- Øm-fs - a-Øp∂ Zpcbp-sSbpw B¿Øn-bp-sSbpw {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-t∏mse-bmWv Cu kv]m\njvkwLw ImWmkz¿Ww tXSn, Ba-tkm-Wns‚ lrZ-bsØ Nhn-ń-°p-g® - Xpw BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-Isf sIms∂m-Sp-°n-b-Xpw. F¬Udm-tUm-bpsS tamln-∏n-°p∂ ]pcm-hr-ØØ - n-te°v bm{X-sNbvX F√m kwL-ßfpw Zpc-¥-ß-fpsS CSn-an-∂-ep-I-fn¬ XI¿∂p-t]m-b-Xmbn Ncn-{Xw. {]Ir- X n- b psS Akm[m- c W \ni- _ v Z - X bv ° pw kwKo-X-Øn\pw Xmf-Øn\panS-bn¬ kz¥w PohnX-ßfpw kwkvIm-chpw hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ Hcp kaq-l-sØ-bm-Wv, e£-°-W-°n\v a\p-j-ysc sIms∂m-Sp-°n-s°m≠v Ah¿ Cu `qap-JØp\n∂v XpS®pam‰n-b-Xv. Ncn{XØnse G‰hpw òI-c-amb Cu A[n-\n-thi h´-I-fpsS _m°n]{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw IY-I-fn¬\n∂p-amWv sl¿tkmKv Xs‚ At\-z-j-W-ß-fpsS km≤-y-X-Isf hnI-kn-∏n-®-Xv. {]Ir-Xn-bpsStaep≈ {Iqc-amb CS-s]-Se - p-Iƒ, a\pj-y-cpsStaep-≈ A[n-Imc{]tbm-K-ß-fpsS D∑Øm-tLm-j-ßƒ, AX-y-¥nIZpc-¥-ß-fpsS t]Snk-z-]v\-ßƒ... Hs° Cu kn\n-a-bn¬ {]X-y-£-s∏Sp-∂p-≠v. ]e-Xc - Ø - nepw Cu kn\n-ab - psS \n¿ΩnXn sl¿ tkm-Kn-\v- Hcp A·n-]-co£bmbn-cp-∂p. ]Ww Is≠Øn jq´v sNtø-≠X - v, G‰hpw Zpjv°c - a - mb {]tZ-i-Øpf jqń-Mv, t¢mkv In≥kvInsbt∏mse D∑m-Znbpw [n°m-cn-bp-amb Hcp \Ss\ ssIIm-cyw sNø¬ CsX√mw Ne-®n-{X-Øns‚ kz-`m-hs - Øbpw _m[n-®n-´p-≠v. IqSp-X¬ ka-bhpw Ba-tkm¨ \Znbn¬ Hgp-In-\-S-°p∂ aq∂p Nßm-S-ß-fp]tbm-Kn-

®mWv sl¿tkmKv Xs‚ jqńMv \S-Øn-b-Xv. H∂v Iy-amd Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v, c≠m-a-tØXv bYm¿∞ B£≥ \S-°p∂ ÿe-am-bn-´v, aq∂m-a-tØXv jqńMvkwL-Øn\p th≠ `£-Whpw Xmak kuI- c - y - ß - f p- a m- b n- ´ v . AXm- I s´ Iym- a - d - b psS s{^bvan¬ hcm-Xn-cn-°m-\p-ff kml-kn-I-{iaØnep-am-bn-cn-°pw. Ft∏mgpw Ipd®p ssaep-Iƒ°v ]pdIn¬ kmh- [ m- \ - a m- W Xv k©- c n- ° p- I . icocw s]m≈n-°p∂ kqc-y-Xm-]w, sImXp-Ip-Iƒ, a‰p-{]mWn-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ieywsIm≠pw \√ `£Whpw Xma-khpw e`n-°p-sa∂ Dd∏v ewLn-°-s∏´-Xn-\mepw £p`n-X\ - mb In≥kvIn jqńMv \n¿Øn t]mIp-sa∂ òjWn Db¿Øn. Fb¿ I≠o-j≥ Xma-kk - u-Ic - y- hpw a‰pw thW-sa-¶n¬ 1000 ssaepIƒ°-Ise am{Xta e`n-°q. Hcn-°¬ X¿°w aq¿Ø-t∏mƒ sl¿tkmKv In≥kvInsb shSn-sh®p-sIm-√p-sa∂pw Ba-tkm¨ \Zn-bn¬ Hgp-°psa∂pw ]d-™p. `b-∂p-t]mb In≥kvIn F√m ZpcnX-ßfpw kln®v A`n-\bw XpS¿∂p. CtaPpI-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈ At\-zj - W - a - mWv Xs‚ kn\n-a-I-sf√mw F∂mWv sl¿tkmKv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ ImgvN-bp-sSbpw kwth-Z-\-

Øns‚bpw B[p-\n-Ia - mb km≤-yX - I - f - n-te°v Xpd∂p-sh-°m-hp∂ hmXn-ep-I-fmWv ]e kn\n-a-I-fpw. Cu kn\n-abpw km[m-c-W-Xz-Øn¬\n∂v Akm-[mcW hnkvt^m-S-\-ß-fn-te°v hnI-kn-°p∂ CtaPp-I-fpsS At\-z-j-W-ßfpw {]tbm-K-ß-fp-am-Wv. F√m GIm-[n-]X - n-If - p-sSbpw Bbp-[∏ - p-cI - ƒ \n›e-am-hp∂, As√-¶n¬ AS-™p-t]m-Ip∂ Hcp ImeØn-te°v Ah¿°v A\n-hm-c-y-ambpw k©-cn-t°≠-Xp-s≠∂v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂ CtaPp-I-fn-te-°mWv Cu kn\na hnI-kn-°p-∂-Xv. Zpc-¥-ßƒ s]cp-a-gbmbn s]øp-tºmgpw Pohs‚ DW¿Δp-Ifpw {]IrXn-bpsS D∑-Ø-Xm-f-hpw F√m A[n-Imc cq]

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

ßƒ°pw apI-fn-eqsS XpS¿∂p sImt≠-bn-cn-°psa∂pw Cu kn\n-a \ni-_vZ-ambn ]d-™p-sIm-≠ncn-°p-∂p-≠v. z

Hm¿k≥ sh’v

kn‰n-k¨ sIbv≥

kn\n-a-bp-≠m-°¬ Fs∂-sbmcp tImam-fn-bm°n am‰p-∂p. F√m-h-cnepw CXp kw`hn-°p-∂p-≠v. Hm¿k≥ sh’ns\ {i≤n-°q, As√-¶n¬ {Xqt^m-sb-t∏m-ep-≈-hsc {i≤n-°q. Ah-sc√mw tImam-fn-I-fmbn amdn. Rotten Tomatoes, November 17, 2009

Pqƒkv B≥Uv Pnw

{Xqt^m-

\kvdo≥

_p\p-h¬

F\n°v Bﬂ-_‘w tXm∂n-bn-´p≈ Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-∑msc°p-dn-®m-tem-Nn-°ptºmƒ {Kn^n-Øv, ap¿tWm, ]ptUm-hvIn≥, _p\p-h¬, Iptdm-kmh F∂o t]cp-IfmWv a\- n¬h-cp-∂-Xv. Ch¿ sNbvX-sX√mw al-Ø-c-Øn-t\mSv ASp-Øp-\n¬°p∂-hb - m-Wv. Herzog on Herzog, Ed. Paul Cronin

]ptUm-hvIn≥

aZ¿

[p-\n-I-X, ]cn-jv°m-cw, \mK-cn-IX F∂nßs\ a\p-jy-cpsS kmwkv°m-cnI ]cn-Wma-ßƒ F{X-am{Xw Akm-≤yhpw Zp -l-hp-amb ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Dcp-Øn-cn-™ph∂Xv F∂mWv Xs‚ ap≥ Nn{X-ß-fn-se-∂Xpt]mse sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv tIm{_- sh¿sZ-(1987/111 an\n‰v)bnepw At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv. Xs‚ G‰hpw ASpØ kplrØpw G‰hpw ISpØ i{Xphpamb hnJymX\S≥ t¢mkv In≥kvIn-bp-samØv sl¿ tkmKv ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb A©m-asØ ^o®-dmWv ]®-aq¿J≥. \mep-h¿j-Øn\ptijw In≥kvIn acW-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. amkva-cn-I-amb ico-c-`mj-bmWv In≥kvIn-bp-tS-sX∂v AKznsd Z dmØv Hm^v tKmUpw ^nkvI-dmƒtUmhpw I≠-hsc {]tXyIw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-t°-≠-Xn-√.

\mK-cn-IX - b - psS AXn¿Øn°p ]pdØvv

Pn ]n cma-N{- μ≥

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

ayqWn°v ^nenw kvIqfn¬\n∂v Is´-SpØ Hcp IymadsIm≠mWv sl¿tkm-Kv Xs‚ {]kn≤-amb AKznsd Z dmØv Hm^v tKmUv (1972) Nn{XoI-cn-®-Xv. Cu tamj-W-sØ-°p-dn®v sl¿tkmKv Ipsd h¿j-ßƒ°ptijw C{]-Imcw ]d-™p: AsXmcp km[m-cW 35 FwFw Iymad-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a‰-\-h[n kn\n-a-Iƒ Rm\Xp sh®v Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v, AXp-sIm≠v Rm\sXmcp tamj-Wa - mbn IW-°m°p∂n-√. F\n°Xv hfsc AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. F\n°v kn\n-a-I-sf-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v, AXn\v Iymad Bh-iy-hp-am-Wv. Cu D]-I-c-W-Øn-t∑¬ F\n-°v Hcp\nebv°v kzm`m-hn-I-amb AhImiwXs∂-bp-≠v. \nß-sfmcp apdn-bn¬ XShn- e - I - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- I - b m- s W∂p Icp- X p- I , \nßƒ°v izkn-°m≥ hmbp AXym-h-iyhp-am-Wv. Hcp Dfnbpw Np‰n-Ibpap]-tbm-Kn®v \nßƒ Npa- ¿ IpØn- s ∏m- f n- ° p- I Xs∂ sNøpw. AXv \nßfpsS \n›n-X-amb AhIm-i-am-sW-∂-Xn¬ Hcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. AKznsdbn¬ kw`m-jW - ß - ƒ Xo¿Øpw Ipdhm-Wv. D≈hbm-Is´ CXn-hr-Ø-Øns‚ apt∂m´p≈ Ne-\-Øn\pth≠n-bp-≈-X-√, adn®v IYm-]m{X-ß-fpsS kz`m-hsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥th≠n am{X-am-Wv. IYm-]m-{X-ßƒt]mep-a√ an°-t∏mgpw IYsb \n¿Wm-b-I-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-∂-Xv. IY \S-°p∂ ÿe-ß-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv IYm-]m{X-ß-fpsS kz`m-hsØ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xßƒ ]¶n-Sp∂ ]cn-kc - Ø - ns‚ {]Xn-{InbIƒ am{X-amWv AhcpsS \S-\w. AXn-km-l-kn-I-amb ]cy-th-£AKnsd ˛ Z dmØv Hm^v tKmUv

W-bm-{X-bpsS hn{`-a-ßƒ Ah-cpsS kIe ka-\ne- I fpw sX‰n- ° p- ∂ p. _nw_m- ﬂ - I - X - b psSbpw BJym- \ - Ø ns‚bpw IYm- ] m- { X- c q- ] o- I - c - W Øns‚bpw apgp-h≥ \nb-{¥-W-ßfpw ssIb-S-°nsh-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {kjvSmhvXs∂-bmWv sh¿W¿ sl¿ tkmKv F∂ \nco-£-WsØ icn-sh-°p-∂XmWv AKznsd Z dmØv Hm^v tKmUns‚ hnkvabm-h-l-amb am\w. AXym-{K-lhpw A[m¿an-IXbpamWv a\p-jym-h-ÿ-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ {]tNmZ-\-ßsf∂v \nc-¥-c-ambn ÿm]n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p sl¿tkm-Kv. em‰n\ta-cn° A\p-`-hn® A™qdp h¿jsØ bqtdm-]y≥ tImf-\n-hm-gvN-bpsS kz`mhsØ C{X-am{Xw IrXy-ambn AS-bm-fs - ∏-Sp-Øp∂ as‰mcp kn\n-a-bn√ F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. "]≈n F√m-bvt]mgpw i‡-cpsS ]£-ØmWv \ne-bp-d∏n-®n-´p-≈Xv' Ft∂m¿Ωn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v AKn-sdbpsS apgp-h≥ A{Iaßsfbpw \ymbo-I-cn-°p∂ ]ptcmln-X-\mb Kmkv]¿ sU I¿h-Pm-ens‚ Ub-dn-°pdn-∏p-I-sf-bmWv sl¿tkmKv B{i-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≈sX-¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ßfpw cmjv{So-b-˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI Z¿i-\-ßfpw In≥kvIn F∂ alm- \ mb "arKob'\S\n¬ Btcm- ] n- ° s∏Sp∂ A]-ck - z-Xzhpw F√mwtN¿∂v cq]-s∏-Sp∂ A]q¿h-amsbmcp Ne-®n-{Xm-\p-`-h-amWv AKznsd Z dmØv Hm^v tKmUv. A[n-\n-th-iw, A[n-Im-cw, a\p-jyXzw F∂o ]cn-I¬]-\I - sf Ign™ At©m Btdm \q‰m-≠nse temIm-\p-`h-ßf - psS ]›m-Øe-Øn¬ ]p\¿hnNm-cWsNøp∂ Ne-®n{XIe-bpsS ZuXyambn Cu kn\n-asb Imew ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p. A[n-\n-th-i-X-{¥-ßƒ°v; kΩ¿±w, a¿±-

\w, sIme, aX kp-hn-ti-jw, A\p-\b - ß - ƒ, ]Ww, ssewKn-IX F∂n-hbv°p ]pdsa kwKo-X-Øns‚ Hcp ]mXIqSn-bp-s≠∂p sXfn-bn-°p∂ ^n-‰vkvIdmƒtUm (1982)hns‚ IYm-KXn {it≤-b-am-Wv. Xnßn-\n-d™ Imń-\p-≈n-eqsS hgn shń-sØ-fn®v IpØ-s\-bp≈ ae-bn-te°v Bhn-°-∏¬ hen-®pI-b-‰p∂ Zriyw kn\n-a-bpsS am{X-a√ `mh-\bpsSXs∂ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ kam-\-X-I-fn-√mØ H∂mWv. kz]v\ß - ƒ am{X-amWv ae-Iƒ ]Wn-Xp-b¿ØnbsX∂v ^n-‰vkvI-dmƒtUm-hns‚ ImapIn tamfn, Hms∏dm amt\-P-tcmSv ]d-bp-∂p-≠-t√m. \mb-I-IYm-]m-{X-tØmSv kam-\a - mb ITn\ ]cn-{i-ai - m-enbpw Xm≥ e£y-an´ kwKXn \S-∂p-In-´m≥ GX‰whscbpw t]mIm≥Xøm-dp-≈- \n›-b-Zm¿Vy-°mc-\p-ambn-cp∂p sl¿tkm-Kv. "Rm≥ Cu kn\n-a-tbmsS Pohn®pXo¿°p-Itbm acn-°p-Itbm sNbvtX-°p'sa∂v sl¿tkmKv ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂s - {X. t¢mkv In≥kvIn-bpsS A`n-\-b- Po-hn-X-Øn-te-‰hpw Kwòc-amb {]I-S-\-amWv Cu kn\n-a-bn-te-Xv. Hcp]s£ s{]m^- j - W - e mb t¢mkn- s ‚ Akw- ` m- h yhpw Akm-[m-c-W-hp-amb Hcp apJ-`m-jbpw Ah-X-cWhpw Xpc- s ∂- S p- ° m≥ th≠n- b m- b n- c n- ° Ww AXohITn-\-amb Nn{Xo-I-c-W-]-›m-Øew sl¿ tkmKv \ne-\n¿Øn-b-sX∂pt]mepw tXm∂n-bm¬ A¤p-Xa - n-√. ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse {_ko-en-b≥ [\n-Isc hndfn]nSn-∏n® Ip‰-hm-fn-bpw sXΩm-Sn-bpamb {^m≥knkvtIm am\p-h¬ Ukn¬h AXnZm-cp-W-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ B{^n-°-bn¬ ac-W-a-Sbp- ∂ - X mWv tIm{_- sh¿sZ- b psS IYm- ¥ yw.

G‰hpw hnj-a-I-c-amb semt°-j-\p-I-fn¬ Nn{Xo-Ic - Ww ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-dp≈ sl¿tkmKv {_ko¬, sImf-ºn-b, Lm\ F∂o cmPy-ß-fnem-bmWv tIm{_ s - h¿sZ Nn{Xo-Ic - n-®X - v. {_qkv tNm´zn≥ Fgp-Xnb Z sshkvtdmbn Hm^v HmbnZ F∂ t\mh-ens\ Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bmWv Nn{Xw hn`m-h\wsNbvXn-´p-≈X - v. AXn-\n¿Wm-bI - a - mb Ncn-{X-k-‘n-I-fpsS ÿe-˛-Ime]›m-Ø-eØn¬; Iq¿Ωhpw Pzen-°p-∂X - p-amb _p≤nbpw Imbn-I-£-a-Xbpap≈ Hcp ]pcp-j-I-Ym-]m{Xw kphy-‡-amb coXn-bn¬ Db¿® {]m]n-°p∂Xpw ]n∂oSv AtXbf-hn¬ ]cm-P-b-a-S-bp-∂Xp- a mb sl¿tkm- K ns‚ ÿncw CXn- h rØsØ Cu t\mh-en¬\n∂pw At±lw Is≠Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂psh∂pw ]d-bmw. ap≥ Nn{Xßƒ a\- nepw ImgvNb - n-ep-ap-≈X - n-\m-em-IWw, Xs‚ {]Xo-£s°m∏w FØmsXt]mb Nn{XamWv tIm{_- sh¿sZ F∂v sl¿tkmKv \ncmi-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Akm-[m-c-Whpw AXnXo- { h- h p- a mb Zriy- h - X v ° - c - W - Ø n- e qsS ImWnsb ]nSn-®n-cp-Øp∂ Ah-X-cWwXs∂bmWv Cu Nn{X-Øn-ep-ap-≈-Xv. F√m I∂pImen-Ifpw hcƒ®-sb-ØpS¿∂v sh≈hpw `£-Whpw In´msX NsØmSp-ßnb Xs‚ Imen-h-f¿ØptI{μ-Ønsem‰bv ° n- c n- ° p∂ {^m≥knkv t Im am\p- h ¬ Ukn¬ hbpsS ISp-Ø-sX-¶nepw \ncm-im-P\-Ia - mb apJ-Øns‚ t¢mk∏v ssS‰n-ep-Iƒ°p apºpXs∂ Xnc-»o-e-bn¬ \nd-bp-∂p. H‰bv°v aZy-ime\S-Øp∂ Ip≈-t\mSv Abmƒ ]d-bp-

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

tIm{_- sh¿sZ

∂Xv, \ΩpsS a\- p-Isf hc-≠-Xm°nam‰n-bmWv Imen-Isf sk¿Xmhv sIm∂-sX ∂mWv. kz¿WJ\n-bn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-bmbn tPmen sNøp-∂Xn\nsS Abm-ƒ I¶m-Wn-bp-ambn kwL-´-\-Øn-te¿s∏´v `oXn-P-\-I-amb A¥-co£w krjvSn-°p-∂p. IS¬ tXSn \S-°p∂ Abmƒ ]mZp-I-ß-sfbpw IpXn-cI-sfbpw F¥n\v a\p-jysc t∏mepw hnizm-k-Ønse-Sp-°p-∂n-√. ]s£, Xm≥ as‰mcp temI-tØ°mWv bm{XXncn-°p-∂s - X∂v Abmƒ°p-d∏ - p-ap-≠v. ]©- k mccmPm- h mb tIW¬ tUm¨ HIv S mhntbm sIm‰ntRym Xs‚ Icnºp]mS-ßf - n¬ ]Wnsb-Sp-°p∂ Adp-\q-dn-e-[nIwhcp∂ ASn-a-Isf t\m°n\S- Ø m- \ mbn {^m≥knkv tImsb ˛ Abmƒ tIm{_ sh¿sZ F∂ Cc-´-t∏-cn-e-dn-b-s∏Sp∂ Ip‰-hm-fn-bm-sW-∂-dn-bmsX ˛ \ntbm-Kn-°p∂p. ASn-a-I-fn-sem-cm-fpsS ssI ]¬®-{I-Øn¬ IpSp-ßp-tºmƒ CsXms° ChnsS km[m-c-Ww, CsXm∂pwt\m°n kabwIf-b-cpsX∂ {Iqchpw a\p-jy-Xz-cl - n-Xh - p-amb \n¿t±-ia - mWv HIvSm-hntbm \¬Ip-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Abmƒ Adn-bp-∂p-≠m-bncp-∂n√ ]nSn-®Xnepw hep-XmWv amf-Øn-se-∂v. Xs∂ Ifn-bm-°n-®n-cn® HIvSm-hntbmbpsS aq∂p s]¨a-°-fnepw tIm{_ sh¿sZ K¿`w [cn-∏n-°p∂p. t_mWn-Øbpw hm≠-sseUpw hmƒ°o-cnbbpw Htct]mse K¿`n-Wn-I-fm-sW-∂-dn-bp-tºmƒ {`m¥p]nSn®p ]c°w]mbp∂ HIvSm-hn-tbm- At∏mgmWv Hcp ISpØ \nb-a-ew-L-I-s\-bmWv Xm≥ hoSns\bpw Icnºp ]mS-ß sfbpw ]©-km-c-b{¥-ß-sfbpw ASn-a-I-sfbpw G¬∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂-dn-bp-∂X - v. kplr-Øp-°t- fmSv Fß-s\-bmWv Cu

{]iv\w ssIImcyw sNtø-≠-sX-∂m-tem-Nn-°ptºm- g mWv ASn- a - I sf hmßm≥ B{^n°bnse°bbv-°p-I-bmWv DNnX sa∂-bmƒ Xncn®- d n- b p- ∂ - X v. AhnsS Abmƒ Ah- k m- \ nt®mfpsa∂m- b n- c p∂p Ah- c psS a\- n- e n- c n- ∏ v . BcmWv Ip‰-hmfn? BcmWv Ip‰wt]dp-∂Xv F∂pap≈ ASn-ÿm\{]iv\-sØ-Ø-s∂-bmWv sl¿ tkmKv Cu IYm-k-‘n-bn-eqsS {]iv\-h-Xv°-cn-°p∂-Xv. ]›n- a m- { ^n- ° - b nep≈ Ztlmsabnse t^m¿´v F¬an-\b - n-te°v se^v‰\ - ‚ v ]Zhn \¬In Ukn¬h \ntbm-Kn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p. ]nim-Nns‚ sXmen \ndw sh≈-bm-sW∂p Icp-Xp∂ IdpØ hwiP¿°n-S-bn¬ Xs‚ \njvTq-c-amb apd-I-fp-ambn tIm{_ sh¿sZ th´-bm-S¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. t_mk AlmZn cmPm-hv Abmsf ]nSnIqSp-Ibpw sIm√m≥ hn[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. H∂n-s\bpw Iqkm-Øh¿ A[n- \ n- t h- i - ß - f n- e qsS BZnaP\- X sb sIm∂pw ASn-a-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp-amWv sIm´n-tLm-jn°s∏Sp∂ B[p-\nIkwkv°mcw cq]o-Ic - n-®s - X∂ Ncn-{X-k-Xy-amWv sl¿tkmKv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. AXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ bYm-XYw F∂p km[q-I-cn-°-s∏-t´-°m-hp-∂Xpw {]mIr-X-Xz-tØmS-Sp-Øp≈Xpamb ssien ]e-t∏mgpw hwio-ba - mb ]cn-lm-khpw Ah-a-Xn∏pw B¥-co-I-cn-®-h-cp-tSXt√ F∂p kwi-bn-®mepw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-√. hna-X¿ Abmsf c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw kv{Xot∏mcmfn-I-fpsS Hcp kwLsØ Abmƒ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. ]pXnb bph-cm-Pm-hns\ hmgn® tijw ASn-a-hym-]mcw Bcw-`n-°p∂ tIm{_

sh¿sZ ]s£, A\n-hm-cy-amb H‰-s∏-S-en\p hnt[b-ambn HSp-ßp-∂p. IS-en-te°v tXmWnbnd-°m\mbn hSwhen- ° m≥t]mep- a m- I msX tIm{_ sh¿sZ Xf¿∂phogp-tºmƒ, t]mfntbm _m[n® Hcp IdpØ B{^n-°-°m-c≥ XocØqsS \S∂p \oßp∂ {]Xo-Im-ﬂ-I-amb A¥y-cw-K-amWv Nn{XØn-\p-≈-Xv. ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ bqtdm-]y≥ \mKcn-I˛kh¿W kwkvImcw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-SpØ ⁄m\m-[n-Imc]≤-Xn-bpsS A[n-Im-c-bp-‡n-Ifpw a¿Z- \ - X - { ¥- ß fpw Z F\n‹ Hm^v Imkv ] ¿ tlmk¿ (1974) F∂ Nn{X-ØneqsS sl¿tkmKv Xpd-∂p-Im´nbn-cp∂p. kpXm-cy-am-bn-cn-s°-Øs∂ k¶o¿W-amb BJym-\-ambn-cp∂p Imkv]-dn-t‚-Xv. _q¿jzm Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-IƒXs∂-bmWv

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

sl¿tkm- K ns\ aØp]nSn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X v . icocw sIm≠v {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-hs\¶nepw kaq-l-hpambn HcpXc-Ønepw CS-]g- I - m-Xn-cp-∂X - ns\ XpS¿∂v a\p-jy\pw arKhpw achpw H∂pa√m-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂ Hcmsf aX-t_m-[w, hnizm-kw, IpSpw-_w, s]meokv F∂o ÿm]-\-ßƒtN¿∂v sacp-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂sX-ßs\sb∂mWv sl¿tkmKv hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂Xv. Ne- ® n{XIe At\Iw {]Xn`m- i m- e n- I sf I≠n´pw sIm≠m-Sn-bn-´p-ap-≠mhpw. ]s£, sh¿ W¿ sl¿tkm-Kn-s\-t∏mse sacp-ßmØ Hcp Po\nb-kns\ I≠p-ap-´pI Ffp-∏-ambn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. z ^n‰- k v I v d- mƒtUm

kn\n-a-bp-≠m-°p-∂-h-sc√mw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc \s√mcp AXve-‰m-bn-cn-°-Ww. kn\n-ah-cp-∂Xv Aaq¿Ø-amb A°m-Z-an-I-Nn-¥-I-fn¬\n-∂-√. AXv \nß-fpsS Im¬ap-´p-Ifn¬\n∂pw XpS-I-fn¬\n∂pw ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°p-∂p. http://alchemi.co.uk

Rms\mcp {]am-W-hmIyw \n¿t±-in-t®m-s´, ]pkvXIw hmbn-°p-∂-h¿ temIsØ kz¥-am-°p-∂p. sSen-hn-j≥ ImWp-∂-h¿°v AXp \jvS-s∏-Sp∂p. Dd® t_m≤y-tØm-sS-bmWv Rm\nXp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-cwKsØ A¤p-X-I-c-amb ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ \sΩ GIm-In-X-bpsS Hcp Zpjn® Ime- Ø n- t e- ° mWv sIm≠p- t ]m- h p- ∂ - X v . ^mIv k v , t^m¨, Csa- b v ¬ , C‚¿s\‰v XpSßn s]s´∂p s]s´∂p hf¿∂v \ΩpsS Iøn-se-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ Bi-bh - n-\n-ab cq]-ßs - f√mw Ah-bpsS hf¿®m-\n-c° - n\v B\p-]m-Xn-Ia - mbn a\p-jys‚ GIm-¥-X-sbbpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. www.wikiquote.org

_mUv e^v‰n-\≥‚ v-

979˛'83 Ime-Øv ]q\m ^nenw C≥Ãn‰yq-´n¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-tºm-gmWv Rm≥ AKznsd ˛ ssZh-Øns‚ {Ip≤X F∂ kn\n-abpw Imkv]¿tlm-k¿ Hcp {]tl-fnI F∂ kn\n-abpw ImWp-∂X - v. Cu kn\nabp-sS-Xs∂ Cw•ojv Xe-s°-´mWv BZyw BI¿jn®-Xv. AXn-ßs\: ""Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-\-h-\p-th≠n, ssZhw F√m-h¿°p-sa-Xn-sc.'' A©mw-¢m-kn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ sshZn-I-\mIm≥ Rm\m-{K-ln-®n-cp-∂p. ]Ømw-¢m-kn-se-Øn-bt∏m-tg°pw AXp amdn; kn\n-am-kw-hn-[m-b-I-\mbm¬aXn F∂m-bn. ssZh-hn-izm-k-sams° At∏mtg°pw ]º-I-S-∂v \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-Øn-te°v \oßnØp-S-ßn. tNmZyw-sN-ø-en-eq-sSbpw ktμ-l-Øn-eqsSbpw F¥n-s\bpw t\m°n-°m-Wp∂ Hcp-h-\mbn Rm≥ ]cn-W-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv ^nenw

^mjn-Ãp-I-fpsS A¥y-hn[n {]Jym-]n® tImamfn

kÆn tPmk^v

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

W- s a∂v kn\n- a - I ƒ At∏mtg°pw Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠ncp-∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw a\ n¬\n- s ∂mcp ^mjnÃv Ft∏mƒ thW-sa-¶nepw ]pdtØ°v NmSm- s a∂ Adnhpw AXn-s\-Xnsc \mw Xs∂ \nc¥cw Pm{KX ]pe¿ Ø-W-sa∂ t_m≤y-hp-amWv Cu kn\n-a-Isfm-s°bpw ]Tn-∏n-®-Xv. Cusbmcp ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ AKznsd Hcp ^mjn-Ãns‚ \nebn- t e°v amdp- ∂ n- t √- s b∂pw sl¿ tkmKv AXns\ al-Xz-hXvI-cn-°p-∂n-t√-sb∂pw kwibn-°mw. F√m-sa√mw sh´n-∏n-Sn®v Xs‚ hcp-Xn-bnem-°m-sa∂v hniz-kn-®n-cp∂ AKznsd F¥mWv Ahkm\w ssIh-cn-°p-∂Xv? GIm-¥X. ac-W-tØ°mƒ `oXn-P-\-I-at√ AXv? temI-Ønse F√m ^mjn-Ãp-I-fp-sSbpw hn[n AXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂nt√? sl¿tkmKv hnc¬Nq-≠p-∂Xpw ^mjn-ÃpI-fpsS B A¥y-hn-[n-bn-te-°m-Wv. AKznsdbn¬\n∂pw Imkv]¿tlm-kdnseØptºmƒ hoc-iq-c-]-cm-{I-an-bmb t]mcm-fn°p ]Icw P∑-hm-k\ - I - f - p-sS-am{Xw ]n≥_-ea - p-≈, Hcp-]t- £, a≠-s\-∂p-t]mepw hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂, Hcp ]pcpj- \ n- t e- ° mWv sl¿tkmKv FØn- t ®- c p- ∂ - X v . ChnsS i‡¿, Imkv ] - d ns‚ FXn¿]- £ Øp \n¬°p-∂h - c - m-Wv. Ah-cm-Is´ t{ijvTc - mb A≤ym]-Icpw Xm¿°n-Im-Nm-cy-∑m-cp-sams°bmWv. ka-

F\n‹ Hm^v Imkv]¿tlm-k¿

C≥Ãn-‰yq-´n¬ tNcp-tºm-tg°pw \mcm-b-W-Kpcphns‚ Z¿i-\-ßfpw a\- n¬ i‡n-tbmsS IS-s∂Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Cu am\-kn-I-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv sl¿tkm-Kn-s‚bpw _¿Kvams‚bpw s^√n-\n-bp-sSbp-sams° Nn{X-ßƒ ImWp-hm-\n-S-bm-Ip-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ssZh-Øns‚ AkvXn-XzsØ tNmZyw-sN-øp∂ Nn{X-ßƒ F\nt°‰hpw {]nbs∏-´-h-bmbn; {]tXy-In®v _¿Kvams‚ Nn{X-ßƒ. ""Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-\-h-\p-th-≠n, ssZhw F√m-h¿°p-sa-Xnsc'' F∂ kn\n-a-bpsS io¿jIw-Xs∂ Fs∂ Xpd∂ Nn¥-I-fn-te°p \bn-®p. temI-Øm-Ia - m-\a - p≈ a\p-jy-cpsS AXym¿Ønbpw A{I-am-k-‡n-bp-amWv an° Ipg-∏-ßƒ°pw Imc-

^mjn-Ãp-If - psS A¥y-hn[n {]Jym-]n®... {K-am-sbmcp ho£-W-Øn¬ Cu c≠p IYm-]m-{Xßfpw c≠p kn\n-a-Ifpw ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-ß-fmsW∂p ImWmw. sl¿tkmKv Hcn- ° ¬ ]d- b p- I - b p- ≠ m- b n, ""A⁄m-X-amb kwK-Xn-I-fn-te°v IpXn®p NmSpI-sb-∂Xv Fs‚ kz`m-h-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. adn-®p≈ GXp ]cn-kc - ß - fpw \ne-\n¬∏p-Ifpw a\p-jy¿°p tN¿∂-X-s√∂v Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p.'' {]]-©Øn\p Nncn- ° m- \ - d n- b n- s √∂p hniz- k n- ° p∂ sl¿tkmKv Xs‚ hyY-Isf \nc-¥-cw ImWnIfpambn ]¶p-h® - p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. Nne-t∏msg-¶nepw Hcp kz]v\m-SI - s - \-t∏mse At±lw \o≠ Im¬\-S-bm-{X-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ tUm¨ IznIvtkm-´n-s\-t∏mse Akw-_-‘-ßƒ Im´n Hcp tImam-fn-bpam-hp∂p. F∂n´pw B tImamfn ]d-bp∂-tXm, Id-I-f™ kXy-ß-fpw. ""kzn®v Hm¨sN-øp-∂-tXmsS GsXmcp sSenhn-j\pw ]cn-lm-ka - p-fh - m-°p-∂Xpw \io-Ic - W - h - mk\ Df-hm-°p-∂-Xp-am-Ip-∂p. AXp \sΩ sIm√p∂p. F√m tSmIvtjmIfpw \sΩ sIm√pw. AXv \ΩpsS `mj-Isf sIm√pw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Hmtcm Zn\hpw \Ωƒ sSen-hn-j-\n¬ ImWp-∂-Xns\-Xnsc Hcp hnip-≤-bp≤w {]Jym-]n-t°-≠n-bn-cn°p-∂p.'' ap∏-Xp-h¿jw-apºv sl¿tkmKv ]d™Xv C∂pw Fhn-sSbpw {]k-‡am-Wv. AtXm-sSm-∏wXs∂ At±lw ]d-bp-∂p, ""\nßƒs°mcp kn\na \n¿Ωn-°W - s - a-¶n¬ Hcp Iymad tamjvSn-s®-Sp-°q... Iptd ^nenw Npcp-fp-Ifpw tamjvSn-°q. Hcp em_nte°v \pg-™p-I-bdn AXp km[n-s®-Sp-°q.'' ap≥ {]Jym- ] - \ - { ]- I mcw Xs‚ jq Xn∂p- s Im≠v

At±lw ]d-bp-∂p, ""\nßƒ ChnsS ImWp-∂-Xpt]mse Ne-®n-{X-\n¿ΩmWw Fs∂-sbmcp tImamfn-bm-°n-Øo¿°p-∂p. F√m-h-cpsS Imcy-Ønepw AXv Aß- s \- X s∂ kw`- h n- ° p- ∂ p. Hm¿k≥ sh’ns\ t\m°p-I, As√-¶n¬ {Xqt^m-sb-s∏msem-cmsf t\m°p-I. Ah-sc-√m-hcpw tImam-fn-Ifm- b n- Ø o¿∂n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Hcp- ] - t £, temI- Ø nt∂mfw ]nd-∂p-hoW tImam-fn-I-fpsS cmPmhpw G‰hpw henb a\p-jy-kvt\-ln-bp-amb Nm¿fn Nmπns\ _lp-am-\-]q¿Δw kvacn-®p-sIm-≠m-hWw sl¿tkmKv jq Xn∂-Xv. AtX, Hmtcm Ne-®n-{XIm-c\pw a\p-jy-kvt\-ln-bm-sbmcp tImam-fn-bmsW∂v Rm\pw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. z

F√m IY-I-ƒ°nS-bnepw Ita-gvky¬ t{_°p-sIm≠v CS-s]-Sp∂ sSen-hn-j-s\-°pdn®v F\n-°{X aXn-∏n-√. \ΩpsS kmaq-ly-Po-hn-Xw \ap-°p-≠m-°nb G‰hpw henb t\´w IY-]-d-bm-\p≈ Ign-hm-Wv. \nbm-≠¿Øm¬ Imew-ap-X¬ Cu Ignhp \ap-°p≠v. s]s´∂v \Ω-f-Xns\ On∂-`n-∂-am-°p-I-bm-Wv, \in-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv ˛ D¬∏-∂Øns‚ I®-h-S-Øn-\p-th≠n am{Xw. Werners Vista, May 23, 2007

gp- ] - X p- I - f psS Ah- k m- \ - Ø n¬ t_mws_ alm- \ - K - c - Ø nse N¿Wn- t dmUv sdbn¬th-tÃ-j\p sXm´p≈ Hcp ]gb lmfn¬h®mWv BZy-ambn sl¿tkm-Kns‚ Hcp tUmIypsa‚dn ImWp-∂-Xv. A·n-]¿Δ-X-Øns‚ Xmgvhc bnse hnP-\-amb ]´-Whpw IØp∂ FÆ-∏m-S-ßfnse IdpØ ]pIbpw Nph∂ A·nbpw arK-XrjvW-bnse NØ hml-\-ßfpw acp-`q-an-bnse a\pjycpw A°m-e-ØmWv sl¿tkm-Kns‚ kn\n-abn¬h®v I≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xv. hmƒ´¿ ssÃ\¿ F∂ BIm-i-a-\p-jys\ I≠p-ap-´n-bXpw AtX kμ¿`Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p; Zmcp-in-ev]n-bmb ssÃ\-dpsS alm B\μw (The Great Ecstacy of Woodcarver Steiner) F∂ Nn{X- Ø n¬. a™p- a q- S nb `qan- ° p- a osX

Hcp a\p-jy≥ ]d-°p-I-bmWv

sF. j◊p-JZ- mkv

Xns‚ Zriy-ß-fneq-sSbpam-Wv. (sS-enhn-j-\n¬ I≠p ]cn-Nn-X-amb Zriyßƒ, ssÃ\-dpsS Zriy-ßƒ, t\cn¬ ImWm-s\-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Xo¿∞m-SI - sc- t ∏mse Aº- X n- \ m- b n- c - t Ømfw Bfp-If - m-Wv. Ah-cn¬®n-e¿ ac-ßf - n¬ s]mØn-∏n-Sn®v ImWn-I-fmbn ImØn-cn°p-∂Xv hogvNbpw tNmcbpw ImWphm-\m-tWm-sb∂v kwhn-[m-bI - ≥ kwibn- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . ) A·n- ] ¿Δ- X - Ø ns‚ Xmgvhc-bnse aq∂p a\p-jy-tcm-sS-∂Xp-t]mse Hcp-h´w hoWn´pw ho≠pw ]d-°m≥ k∂-≤\ - mb ssÃ\-dn-t\mSp kwhn-[m-bI - ≥ tNmZn°p-∂Xv `b-sØ-°p-dn-®m-Wv. Ipd-s®ms° Rßƒ `b- ° m- d p- ≠ v . Hcmƒ hogp- ∂ - X p- I m- W p- t ºmƒ Rms\m-cn-°epw AXp t\m°m-dn-√. Hcp hogvNtbm tami-s∏´ ]d-°tem Ign-™¬ lrZbw {`m¥ambn anSn-°pw. `b-sØ-°p-dn®v Bfp-Iƒ kwkmcn-°p-∂Xp tIƒ°m≥ kvIosN-øp-∂-h¿-CjvS-s∏Sp-∂n-√. a™n-eqsS BIm-it- Ø°p ]d-∂p-bc - p∂ a\p-jy¿ ""`b-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcn-°epw kwkm-cn-°mdn-√.'' F¥mWv Ah-ÿs - b-∂X - ns\ _lp-am-\n-°p∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-bn-cn°pw Ah¿ kwkm-cn-°p-I. kvIqƒhnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ A≤ym]-I≥ ""\o Znhm-kz]v\w ImWp-Ib - mWv'' F∂p ]d™n- ´ p- ≈ - X n- s \- ° p- d n®v ssÃ\¿ Hm¿°p- ∂ p, ""At∏mƒ ]d-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ kz]v\w-Im-Wp-I-bmbn-cp-∂p.'' Ip´n-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Iq´mbn ]d-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp Im°-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v

Z t{K‰v FIvÃkn Hm^v hpUvIm¿h¿ ssÃ\¿

kvIosNbvXv ac-ßƒ°p-aosX BIm-i-Øn-te°p ]d-∂p-b-cp-tºmƒ ac-W-Øns‚ A]-I-S-ko-a-bn¬ sXm´p-cp-Ωn-s°m≠v Pohn-X-Øns‚ B\-μ-aq¿—bn¬ hmbvXp-d-∂p-]n-Sn®p \oßp-∂, Zmcp-in-ev]nbmb ]d-°p∂ a\p-jy≥. IÆp-thtWm ImepthtWm F∂ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\p \n¿∫-‘n-X-\mbm¬ Imep-IƒXs∂ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-sa∂p ]d™n- ´ p≈ Ne- ® n- { X- I m- c s‚ Cu IYm- ] m- { Xw, kvIobn-ßnse temI-Nm-ºy≥, `qansb sXm´p-cpΩn Imep-IƒsIm≠v ]d-∂p-b-cp-∂Xv BcpsS kz]v\_nw-_a - mWv? A‘-bmb en\n Ip´n-°m-eØp I≠psh∂p "]d™' AtX Zriyw. aco- N n- I - b nse hnam- \ - Z r- i y- ß - s f- t ∏mse ssÃ\-sd kn\n-a-bn¬ ]e-h´w \mw ImWp-∂Xv \mb-I≥ a™n-eqsS ac-ßƒ°p-aosX BIm-iØn-te-°p-b-cp-∂-Xns‚ ]d-°¬Zr-iy-ßfn¬am-{Xa-√, a™p-aq-Snb `qan-bn-te°p adn-™p-ho-gp-∂-

IY-]-d-bp∂p ssÃ\¿. Nnd-Ip-Iƒ sImgn™ AXns\ Ipń kvIqfn-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-am-bncp-∂p. a‰p ]£n-Iƒ AXns\ ]oUn-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp∂p. Nn{Xw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv ssÃ\dpsT (kwhn-[m-b-I-s‚-bpw) hm°p-I-fn-em-Wv. ""temI-Øn¬ Rm≥ H‰-bv°m-bn-cn-t°-≠X - m-Wv. Rm≥ ˛ ssÃ\¿ ˛ am{Xw; a‰p Pohn-I-sfm-∂p-an-√m-sX. kqcy-\n-√, kwkvIm-c-an-√. Rm≥ \·-\mbn Hcp henb ]md∏p-d-Øv. At∏m-sg-¶nepw F\n°p `b-ap-≠m-bn-cn°p-I-bn-√.'' sl¿tkmKv {]tXyIw Bh-iy-s∏-ń´m-bn-cn-°ptam sdbv\mƒUv sakv\¿ lnam-e-bØnse Pem-ib - Ø - ns‚ Ic-bn¬ ]q¿Æ-\· - \ - mbn Ccp-∂Xv?) bphm-hmb sl¿tkmKv A`n-ap-J-Im-c\mbn Nn{X-Øn¬ t\cn´p {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. (hna¿i-I¿ CXv {]I-S-\-]-c-X-bm-sW∂v hna¿in°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.) Nn{Xw ˛ Ic-Sn-a-\p-jys\∂ Nn{Xw-t]mse ˛ c≠p-t]-tc-°p-dn-®m-sW-∂-Xm-bncn°mw bmYm¿∞yw. ac-Øn¬ inev]-ßƒ sa\bp∂ ssÃ\¿°v Bcm-[-I¿ Hcp ]£n-bpsS inev]w kΩm-\n-°p∂ cwKhpw Nn{X-Øn-ep-≠v. Imń¬ hoWp-t]mb Hcp hnam-\-Øns‚ Zpc¥-IY - b - mWv, AΩ-bS- °w sXmÆq-‰n-b© - p-t]¿ acn®n´pw AXn-Po-h\ - Ø - ns‚ hgn-bn-se-Ønb Hcp ]Xnt\-gp-Imcn s]Ïp-ń-bpsS c£m-]-Y-Øns‚ IYbmWv {]Xo-£-bpsS Nnd-Ip-Iƒ (Wings of Hope) F∂ Nn{X-Øn¬ sl¿tkmKv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. AtX hnam-\Ø - n¬ bm{X-sN-tø-≠n-bn-cp∂ kwhn[m-b-I≥ bmZr-—n-I-am-bmWv AØ-hW k©m-cnbm-Im-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. Imń-eq-sS, AXn-Po-h-\-h-gn-I-fn-eq-

Hcp a\p-jy≥ ]d-°p-Ib - mWv

sS, ]e \mfmbn s]¨Ip´n \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°ptºmƒ Hcp ]pg- b v ° - ° sc kwhn- [ m- b - I \pw kwLhpw Ba-tkm¨ ag-°m-Sp-I-fn¬ AKznsd jq´p-sN-øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. s]dp-hnse sImSpw-h\ - Ø - n¬ 1971se {Inkvakv Cuhn\v hoWp-XI - ¿∂ hnam-\Ø - n¬\n∂p c£-s∏´ Pqen-b≥ ]{¥-≠mw-Zn-hk - a - mWv ]pd-Øp-hs - ∂Øp∂Xv. ]Xn-\ø - m-bncw ASn Db-cØ - n¬\n∂p hnam\w hoWp XI¿∂n´pw A]-IS- Ø - n¬\n∂p c£-s∏-´Xv Znhym-¤pXwXs∂. F-¶nepw ]n∂o-Sp≈ AXn-Poh\w Pqen-bs‚ AXn-i-b-I-c-amb a\x-i-‡n-bpsSbpw C—m-i-‡n-bp-sSbpw ImSns‚ {]Ir-Xn-sb°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hn-s‚bpw A\-¥c - ^ - e - a - m-Wv. h¿jßƒ ]eXp Ign-™mWv ssPh-im-kv{X-⁄-bmb Pqen-b\pw `¿Øm-hp-samØv sl¿tkmKv AtX CS-ß-fn-se-Øn-t®-cp-∂-Xv. Cu Nn{X-Ønepw tI{μ-

hnMvkv Hm^v tlm]v

I-Ym-]m{Xw Xs‚ (kw-hn-[m-b-I-s‚) kz]v\-ßƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

acWw Aß-s\-b√ P¿Ω-\n-bnse "IdpØ ImSv' F∂nSØp P\n® \mb-I-\mWv sIm®p Uo‰¿°p ]d-t°-≠-Xp≠v (Little Dieter Needs to Fly) F∂ Nn{XØn¬ Ah-Xcn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \mep JWvU-ßfmbn Xncn-®n-cn°p∂ Nn{X-Ønse c≠mw JWvUØ - ns‚ t]cmWv "kz]v\w.' (a-\p-jy≥, in£, hntam-N\w F∂n-ßs\ a‰p `mK-ßƒ.) ssham-\n-I\mIm≥ tamln® Hcmƒ bp≤-Øns‚ Cc-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xns‚ IY. Nn{Xw XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Ata-cn-°-bnse Hcp \K-c-Øn¬ Hcp ]®-Ip-Øp-I-S-bn¬ \mb-I≥ FØn-t®-cp-∂p. (Cu cwK-Øn\p sXm´p-apºv "shfn-]mSp ]pkvXI' Øn¬\n∂pw ac-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hm°p-I-fmWv

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

t{]£-I¿ ImWp-∂-Xv.) Ipdp∏pw shfp∏pw \ndß-fn¬ ImWm-hp∂ Hcp ac-W-Zriyw IS-°m-c≥ Nq≠n- ° m- ´ p- ∂ p. Aß- s \- b √ ac- W - s a- ∂ mWv Uo‰¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ss]e-‰m-Im≥ tamln®v temIbp≤w Ign™v Ata-cn-°b - n-se-Ønb Uo‰¿ BZyw t\hn-bn-emWv tNcp-∂Xv. c≠p-h¿jw Dcp-f-°n-gßp-sXmen If-bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p, ]≠v Ccp-ºn¬ ]Wn-sN-bvXn-cp∂ `mhn ssham-\n-Is‚ Pohn-Xw. hnb‰v\mwbp≤w h∂-t∏mƒ bp≤-ssh-am-\n-I-\mb Uo‰-dpsS hnam\w emthm-kn¬h®v Im´n¬ shSnsIm-≠p-hoWv XI¿∂p. Pqen-bs - \-t∏mse acn-®n√, F¶nepw XS-hp-Im-c-\mbn ]nSn-°-s∏-´p. {]Ir-Xnbnse h\y-X-b√ bp≤-Øns‚ `oI-c-X-I-fmWv Abmƒ°v AXn-Po-hn-t°-≠n-h-∂-Xv. bp≤m-\-¥c P¿Ω-\n-bnse sImSnb Zmcn-{ZyØn-em-bn-cp∂p sIm®p-Uo-‰dpw AΩbpw Pohn-®n-

N{I-hm-fw-hsc FÆ-a‰ hnam-\-ßƒ \nc-Øn-bn-´ncn-°p∂ hnim-e-amb Hcp `q{]-tZiw. AXn-Po-hn®p Xncn-s®-Ønb Uo‰¿ \S-∂p-\-S∂v Cu hnam-\-kmK-c-Øns‚ Ic-bn-eqsS \oßp-∂Xv h¿j-ßƒ ]eXpw ]n∂n-´X - n-\p-ti-ja - m-Wv. AZr-iy-amb Iymad apI-fn-te-°p-b-cp-∂p. Db-c-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ BImi-Øn¬\n-∂v, Iymad Ne-\Z- r-iy-Øn-eqsS `qanbpw Uo‰dpw IsÆ-Øm-Zq-cw-hsc; A®-S° - t- ØmsS \nc∂p-In-S-°p∂ bp≤-hn-am-\-ß-fpw.

cp-∂-Xv. A—≥ bp≤-Øn¬ acn-®p. Nn{X-Ønse Idp∏pw shfp∏pw \nd-ß-fn-ep≈ Cu {Iqc-bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ `mKØv a\p-jy¿ sImXn-tbmsS IÆm-Sn-°q-´n-en-cn-°p∂ `£Wwt\m°n IS-∂p-t]mIp∂ Hcp cwK-ap-≠v. sIm®p-Uo-‰d- psS Pohn-XØ - n¬ ]d-°p-∂X - ns‚ kz]v\w IS-∂p-hc - p∂ ac-WØ - ns‚ Hcp aplq¿Øw c≠mw temI-bp-≤-Øns‚ ]›mØ-e-Øn-em-Wv. Uo‰dpw ktlm-Z-c\pw P\m-e-bnepsS ]pd-tØ°p t\m°n-\n¬°p-tºmƒ \K-cØ - n\p-ta¬ hoWp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ t_mw_p-I-fm-Wv. Xmtgm-´p-ho-gp∂ Hcp hnam-\-Øns‚ tImIv]n-‰n-encp∂v Hcp ssham-\n-I≥ D‰p-t\m-°p-∂Xv sIm®pUo-‰s - d-Øs - ∂-bm-Wv. ItÆm-SvIÆv ImWp∂ bp≤Øn-s‚, ac-W-Øns‚ B aplq¿Ø-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p-ht{X sIm®p-Uo-‰¿°v ssham-\n-I-\m-Im≥ taml-ap-Zn-®-Xv. bp≤-Øn¬ XI¿∂ ˛ Nn{X-Øns‚ BZy-`m-KØp hcp∂ ˛ ]gb P¿Ω-\n-bpsS Idp∏pw shfp∏pw `q{]-tZ-i-Zr-iy-ßƒ°p kam-¥-c-am-bn, hyXy-kvX-ambn ssham-\n-I-\mb Uo‰-dpsS hnam-\Øns‚ ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬\n-∂p≈ emthm-kns‚ `q{]- t Z- i - Z r- i y- ß ƒ, Ah- b v ° p- a o- s X- b p≈ t_mw_p-h¿j-Øns‚ Xobpw ]pI-bp-ap-b-cp∂ h¿Æ-Zr-iy-ßƒ c≠mw `mK-Øp-≠v. bp≤-Øns‚ Zriy-`w-Kn-Iƒ°p \Sp-hnepw a\p-jy¿ acn-®p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®pw bp≤-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]d°m-\p≈ a\p-jy-tam-l-sØ-°p-dn®pw \n¿Ωn-°s∏´ Cu Nn{X-Øns‚ Ah-km-\`- m-KØ - mbn Akm[m-c-W-amb Hcp Zriy-\n-c-bp-≠v. N{I-hm-fw-ap-X¬

({]kn-≤o-Ic - W - Ø - n\p Xøm-dmb a-\p-jycpw `q{]-tZ-i-ßfpw F∂ IrXn-bn¬\n∂v.)

A∫mkv Insbm-c-kvXm-an-

A∫mkv Insbm-c-kvXm-an-bpsS th¿ Cukv Z {^≠vkv tlmw anIs®mcp Nn{Xam-Wv. Cdm-\n¬\n∂v CXp-t]mse anI® Hcp-]mSv Nn{X-ß-fp-≠m-hp-∂p-≠v. Rotten Tomatoes, November 17, 2009 th¿ Cukv Z {^≠vkv tlmw

(Iºyq-´d- ns‚ ap∂n-en-cn-°mt\m hnam-\Ø - n¬ ]d-°mt\m krjvSn-°-s∏-´-h-\√ a\p-jy≥. hn[n \ap°p \n›-bn-®Xv as‰m-∂m-Wv. F∂n´pw G‰hpw kq£v a hpw AXym- ¥ m- t ]- £ n- X - h p- a mb ]eXn¬\n∂pw \w AI-∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-te‰hpw {][m\w \mtSm-Sn-Po-hn-Xhpw Im¬\-S-bm-{Xbp- a m- W v . C∂sØ kaq- l - Ø n¬ F√m- b n- S tØ°pw \S-∂p-Xs∂ t]mI-W-sa∂v Btcm-sS¶nepw D]-tZ-in-®m¬ AXv ]cn-lm-ky-am-bn-tØm∂pw. ]t£, AkvXn-Xz-]-c-ambn F\n°v AXy-¥mt]-£n-X-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂tX Rm≥ sNøp∂p≈p. AXm-sWs‚ Im¬\-S-Pohn-Xw. \nßƒ Cw•-≠nemWv Pohn- ° p- ∂ - s X∂p Icp- X q. \nß- f psS s]¨kp- l rØv knkn- e n- b n- e m- W v . Ahsf \nßƒ°v IeymWwIgn-°-Ww. knkn-en-bn-te°v Im¬\-S-bmbn t]mbnthWw \nßƒ hnhm-lm`y¿∞\ \S- Ø m≥. CØcw Imcy- ß ƒ°v Imdntem hnam-\Ø - ntem t]mIp-∂Xv icn-b√ - . temIØns‚ Bghpw hym]vXnbpw hnIm-c-Xo-£vWXbpw ]q¿Æ-ambn A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv Im¬\-S-bm{X-°m¿am-{Xw.)

\S-∂p-Xo¿t°≠ Xo¿∞m-S-\-ßƒ

\oe≥

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

¿W¿ sl¿tkm-Kv, ^mkv_n≥U¿, Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ ¢qKv, hnw sh≥tUgvkv, am¿K-cØ thm¨ t{XmØ XpS-ßnb kwhn-[m-b-I-\n-c-bn-eqsS-bp-≠mb \h P¿Ω≥kn-\n-a-bpsS ZptcymKw temI-sa-tºm-Sp-ap≈ Ne-®n-{X-]W - vUn-X¿ AXns\, Ncn- { X- ] - c - a mbn sXm´p- ] p- d - I n- e p≈, ^mjnÃv P¿Ω≥kn-\n-ab - psS XpS¿®-bm-bn-´mWv I≠-sX-∂Xm-Wv. ^mjnÃv P¿Ω≥kn-\na B¿°pw Ah-KWn-°m-\m-hm-Øh - Æw Iem-ta-∑b - p-≈X - m-bn-cp-∂p. se\n Ão^¥mfns\--t ∏m- e p≈ kwhn- [ m- b - I ¿ ^mjnkw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-tºmgpw kn\n-a-bpsS Iemaqeyw hn´p-I-f-™n-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂bmWv Ne-®n-{X-]-WvUn-X-∑m¿ ^mjnÃv kn\n-abvs°mcp ]n¥p-S¿® tXSn-b-Xv. CXm-Is´ sN∂pho- W Xv \h P¿Ω≥kn- \ n- a - b psS Xe- b n- e pw. Aßs\ \h P¿Ω≥ kn\n-ab - n¬ ^mjnÃv Awißƒ tXSp-I-sb-∂Xv Hcp-Im-eØv Hcp ^mj\pw Bth-i-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Zptcym-KØ - n¬\n∂v \h P¿Ω≥kn-\n-asb c£n-®Xv tems´ sFkv\¿ F∂ P¿Ω≥ \ncq-]I-bm-Wv. Hcq PqX I®-h-S-°m-cs‚ aI-fmbn _¿en-\n¬ P\n® tem´n _¿en-\nepw ayqWn-°nepw ]Tn-®-tijw \mS-I-˛-N-e-®n{X \ncq-]-I-sb∂ \nebn¬ P¿Ω≥ ]{X-ßf - n¬ ÿnc-ambn Fgp-Xn-h∂p.\mkn- I-fpsS PqX-hn-cp≤ ]oU-\-ß-sf-Øp-S¿∂v P¿Ω-\n-bn¬\n∂v Ah¿ {^m≥kn-te°v IpSn-tbdn. c≠mw temI-bp-≤-Im-eØv Iptd-°mew Hfnhn¬ Ign- s ™- ¶ nepw HSp- h n¬ ]nSn- ° - s ∏- ´ p. {^m≥knse Kp¿kv ]´-W-Øn-ep≈ tIm¨k≥ t{S-j≥ Iymºn¬ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-´p. ]t£, ]oU-

\-ßsf AXn-Po-hn® temń bp≤-Øn-\p-tijw ]mcokn-te°v Xma-kw-am-‰n. Bt{μ _mkn≥ XpS-ßnh® ItlZp kn\na AS-°-ap≈ {^©v Ne-®n-{X{]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ ÿnc-ambn Ah¿ Fgp-Xnt∏m-∂p. \h P¿Ω≥kn-\na ^mjnÃv kn\n-a-bpsS XpS¿®-b-s√∂v Xs‚ Fgp-Øn-eqsS Ah¿ hnZKv≤-ambn ka¿∞n-®p. ^mjnÃv kn\na P¿Ω≥ Ne-®n{XNcn-{X-Ønse Hcp hnI-e-Im-ew-am-{X-w. \hP¿Ω≥ kn\n-abv°v AXp-ambn ]pe-_-‘-an-√. ^mjnÃp kn\n-abv°p sXm´p-]n-d-In-ep≈ ¢mkn°¬ P¿Ω≥kn-\n-a-bpsS ]mc-º-cy-ØnemWv \h P¿Ω≥kn- \ nabpsS thcp- I ƒ tXtS≠sX∂v Ah¿ hmZn-®p. \h P¿Ω≥kn-\n-asb temI-kn-\na-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬Øs∂ hy‡hpw hyXy-kvXhp-amb ]cn-t{]-£y-tØmsS ÿm]n-®Xv temń Cukv\-dm-Wv. sh¿W¿ sl¿tkm-K-S-°-ap≈ \h P¿Ω≥ kwhn-[m-bI - ¿ AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tems´ sFkv\-tdmSv A{X-ta¬ IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. tems´ sFkv\¿ Imcy-amb AkpJw ]nSns]´v InS-∏n-em-sW∂pw Ah¿ ac-W-i-ø-bn-em-sW∂p-ap≈ hm¿Ø 1974 \hw-_-dn¬ P¿Ω-\n-bn-seØp-∂p. ""CXv \S-∏n√. tems´ sFkv\¿ Ct∏mƒ acn-®p-Iq-Sm. P¿Ω≥kn\n-abv°v Ah-sc-°q-SmsX Ct∏mƒ \ne-\n¬∏n-√. acn-°m≥ Rß-fh - sc A\ph-Zn-°n-√. Rß-f-\p-h-Zn-°p-tºmƒ ]ns∂ Ft∏msg-¶nepw Ah¿ acn-t®m-s´; Ct∏mƒ ]‰n-√.'' CXpw]-d™v sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv ayqWn-°n¬\n∂v ]mco-kn-te°v \S-°m≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. sl¿tkm-Kn\-t∏mƒ hb- v ap∏-Øn-c≠v. ssiXy-Im-esØ

tem´n Cukv\dpw sl¿tkmKpw

sImSpw-a™ n-eqsS H‰-bvs°mcp bm{X; Xs‚ AΩbvs°-∂-t]mse tems´ sFkv\¿°v Hcp Bﬂk-a¿∏Ww. B sImSpw-a™ n-eqsS \S∂p X\n°v ]mcoknseØm≥ Ign-™m¬ tems´ sFkv\¿ acn-°n-s√∂v sl¿tkmKv Dd-∏mbn hniz-kn-®p. ""Rms\mcp Pm°‰v Iøn-se-SpØp; Hcp tImº-kpw. AXym-h-iym-km-[-\-ßƒ kq£n-°m-\mbn Hcp _msK-Sp-Øp. Fs‚ _q´p-Iƒ ]pXn-bXpw IcpØp-≈X - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F\n-°h - b - n¬ hnizm-ka - p-≠mbn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ ]mco-kn-te-°p≈ G‰hpw t\cn´p≈ hgn-bn-eqsS \S-°m≥ XpS-ßn. \S-∂p-sN∂m¬ Ahsc Poh- t \msS ImWm- \ m- I p- s a∂v Rm≥ IcpXn; hniz-kn-®p. AXn-s\-√mw-]p-dsa F\n°v Rm≥ am-{X-ambn Iptd-k-abw Ign-®p-Iq-´W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ \S-°p-tºmƒ Hcp Im´pt]mØv IqsS \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ hn{i-an°p-tºmƒ Hcp ]¿ΔXw hn{i-an-°p-∂p.''

\hw- _ ¿ 23\v ayqWn- ° n¬\n∂v ]pd- s ∏´ sl¿tkmKv Unkw-_¿ 14\v ]mco-kn-se-Øp-∂p. 21 Znh-ksØ GIm¥ Im¬\-S-bm-{X. ]mco-kn-seØn-b-t∏mƒ tems´ sFkv\¿ Bip-]-{Xn-hn-ń-cp∂p; hoń¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ""Rm≥ aZmw Cukv\-dpsS hoń-te°v \S-∂p-sN-∂p. Ah-ct∏mgpw Ah-i-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tcmK-Øns‚ ]cn-°pIƒ _m°n- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Btcm Ah- t cmSv t^mWn¬ hnfn®v ]d-™n-cn-°Ww Fs‚ GIm ¥amb Cu Im¬\-Sb - m-{X-sb-∏‰- n. Rm\m-bn´v AXh-tcmSv ]d-b-W-sas∂\n°v tXm∂n-bn-√. F\n°v Hcev]w Aº-c-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ \o°n-bn-´pX∂ c≠m-asØ Nmcp-I-tk-c-bn¬ Imep-c≠pw Ib-‰n-h®v Rms\s‚ Aº-c∏v ]pd-Øp-Im-Wn-°mXn-cn-°m≥ {ian-®p. At∏m-sgmcp hnNn-{X-amb Nn¥ Fs‚ Xe-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-bn. kml-Ncyw Aºc-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Rm\Xv Ah-tcmSp ]d™p. "\ap-s°m-∂n-®n-t∏mƒ sh≈w ]pd-Øp-If™v B ]m{X-Øn¬ Xobn´p Xnf-∏n-°mw; F√m‰n¬\n∂pw hgp-Xn-am-dp∂ a’y-ßsf \ap°v XS™p-\n¿Ømw.' Ahscs∂ t\m°n; arZp-e-ambn aμ-l-kn-®p. Rms\m-‰bv°v \S∂phcn-I-bm-sW∂ Adnhv Ah-cpsS IÆp-I-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Bcpw c£n-°m\n-√mØ Hcp-h-\mWv Rms\∂v Ah¿ Hm¿ØXp-t]m-se; Ah-scs∂ Adn-™-t]m-se. Kwò-c-ambn IS-∂p-t]mb Hcp \nan-j-Øn¬ arZphmb Ft¥m H∂v Xf¿∂-h-i-amb Fs‚ ico-cØn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-bn. Rm\-ht- cmSp ]d-™p: "B P\sem∂p Xpd°q; C\n Rm\-Xn-eqsS ]d-∂p-t]mtb-°mw.' ''

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

hp-tºmƒ am\w-t\m-°n a\ p \nd-bvt°-≠n-h-cp∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®v, taL-ßf - psS Ae-kk - © - m-cs - Ø°p-dn-®v, A]q¿Δ-ambn {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ kqcys‚ Hfn-®p-If - n-sb-°p-dn-®v... ""\hw-_¿ 25 Xn¶ƒ: k{X-Ønse P\-en-eqsS ]pd-Øp-t\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ Hcp Idp-I-dp-∏≥ Im° A∏p-dsØ ac-s°m-ºn-en-cn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p; agbØv Xe-XmgvØn, A\-ßm-sX. Iptd-°-gn™pw AX-hn-sS-Øs∂ Ccn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. XWp-∏n¬ achn- ® v , GIm- I n- b m- b n; Im°- h n- N m- c - ß - f n¬ kzbwapgpIn! Fs‚ a\- nsemcp kmtlm-Z-cy`mhw \nd- ™ p- h - ∂ p. GIm- ¥ X Rm≥ F√m A¿∞-Ønepw At∏m-g-\p-`-hn-®p.'' Hcp sSe-t^m¨ t]mÃns‚ apI-fn-en-cp∂v Hcp ]Wn-°m-c≥ Xs‚ Np‰pw sI´nb kv{Sm∏n¬ `bwIq-SmsX Xqßn-°n-S∂v \mW-an-√msX Fs∂ Xpdn®p-t\m-°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. ]√p-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ ISn®p-]n-Sn® ss]∏n-eqsS ]pI-h-en®v Xs‚ `mcw-ap-gph≥ B kv{Sm-∏p-I-fn¬ ]q¿Æ-hn-izm-k-tØmsS A¿∏n®v Abm-sf-s∂, ZpxJn-X-\mb Cu a\p-jys\, t\m°n-s°m-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ Cg-™p-\S∂v IS-∂p-t]m-bn´pw Abm-fpsS t\m´w Fs∂ ]n¥p-S¿∂p. F√m ss[cyhpw kw`-cn®v Rm≥ s]s´∂p \n∂p. Dd-®p-\n-∂p. F∂n´v Rm\bmsf Xncn- ® p- t \m- ° n. Abm- f Xv {]Xo- £ n- ® n- s √∂p tXm∂p∂p!'' ""\hw-_¿ 26 sNmΔ: tems´ sFkv\¿! Ah¿ °n-t∏m-sg-ß-s\-bp-≠v. Ah¿ Pohn-®n-cn-∏pt≠m? Rm≥ th≠{X thK-Øn¬ \S-°p-∂pt≠m? Ds≠s∂-\n°p tXm∂n-bn-√. AYhm Rm≥ \S-s∂Øn

Cu bm{X-bv°p-tijw sl¿tkm-sK-gp-Xnb ]pkvX-I-amWv Hm^v hm°nßv C≥ sFkv. Xs‚ GIm-¥b - m-{X-bn¬ a™p-aq-Snb `qX-eØ - n¬°≠ H‰-s∏´ ImgvN-I-sf-°p-dn®v, A\p-`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®v. Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-t]m-ep≈ Hcp sIm®p ]pkvX-Iw. Pohn-X-Øn-em-Zy-ambn Xm≥ Imdp-Isf `b-s∏-´-Xns\-°p-dn®v, ]£n-Iƒ Dd-°-ap-W-cp-∂Xpw Nnebv°m≥ XpS-ßp-∂Xpw A\p-`-hn-®-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®v, \S-°p-tºmƒ IS-∂p-t]m-tI-≠n-h-cp∂ amen-\y-ßsf-°p-dn-®v, a™q-aq-Snb `qan-bn¬ ImgvN-I-fn-√m-Xm-

Ahsc Poh-t\msS ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ t∏mepw Cu Xo¿∞mS-\-Øns‚ A¿∞w B¿°pw a\- nem-hp-sa∂pw tXm∂p-∂n-√.'' ""\hw-_¿ 27 _p[≥: Rm≥ Xqdm-\n-cn-°ptºmƒ Fs‚ Iø-I-e-Øn¬ Hcp apb¬ ]Ωn∏Ωnh∂p. Fs∂ AXv I≠n-cp-∂n-√. XpS-ap-X¬ Ime-‰w-hsc thZ-\n-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ Ign® aZy-sØbpw adn-I-S∂v Hmtcm Nph-Snepw Im¬ thZ-\n-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \SØw C{X-ta¬ thZ-\-\n-d-™-Xm-hp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠v? Fs∂ t{]m’m- l n- ∏ n- ° m≥ Bcp- a n- √ m- Ø - X p- s Im≠v Rm≥Xs∂ Fs∂ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®p-sIm-t≠-bncp-∂p. apt∂m-´p-\o-ßm≥ AXp-am-{X-am-bn-cp∂p Hcp hgn.'' ""Unkw-_¿ 2 Xn¶ƒ: ]o®v XmgvhcbpsS Iq‰≥ Ib-‰w. Imdp-I-sfm-∂p-an-√. aqS¬a-™ns‚ apJ-]-S-a-Wn™ BImiw ZpxJn-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \\™ XWp∏v A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Np‰n-°-d-ßp-∂p≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iøn-ep≈ hSn \ne-Øq∂n apt∂m´m-™p-hf - ™v Db-cØ - n-te°v Rm≥ \S-∂p. taLßfpw aqS¬a™pw Fs∂ Ifn-bm-°n-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. HSp-hn¬ Hcn-SØncp∂v Iøn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ eLp-`-£Ww Ign-°p-tºmƒ Rm≥ kzbw tNmZn®p, Cu ]oU\w aXn-bm°n Xncn-®p-t]m-bm-tem? DS-s\-Xs∂ Rms\-t∂mSv Ib¿Øp, C√ Xncn-®pt]m-°n-√, apt∂m-´p-X-s∂.'' ""GIm-¥X \√-XmtWm? AsX, \√-Xp-X-s∂. \mS-Io-b-amb kμ¿`-ß-fmWv C\n-bp-an-\nbpw F\n°p ap∂n-ep-≈-Xv. '' ""Unkw-_¿ 3 sNmΔ: cm{Xn Ign-®p-Iq-´m≥

ÿew Is≠-Ø-emWv henb {]iv\w. Ccp-´n¬ InS-∏nSw-tXSn t]mIp-tºmƒ Fs‚ tImºkv \jvSs∏-´p. Fs‚ _¬‰n¬\n∂v AXp hoWp-t]m-bn. Rm\-dn-™-tX-bn-√. bm{X ]pd-s∏-´-t∏mƒap-X¬ IqsS-bp≈ Iq´p-Im-c≥. Cu \jvSw thZ-\n-∏n-°p∂p. C\n Zn°-dn-bmsX Rm≥ Ae-tb-≠n-h-cpw.'' ""Unkw-_¿ 8 Rmb¿: tUmw sdan. ChnsS `qXesØ a\p-jy¿ sIm∂p-I-f-bp-I-bm-Wv. ]f-fn°p-Np-‰pw Ip´n-Iƒ _l-fw-h®p Ifn-®n-cp-∂p. Ccpfp∂ k‘y-bn¬ XWp∏v IpSn-tb-dm≥ XpS-ßn-bncp-∂p. Hcp hr≤≥ A∏p-dsØ ]mew-IS- ∂v t]mIp∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ t\m°p-∂Xv Abmfdn-™ncp-∂n-√. hfsc kmh-[m-\-Øn¬ Fs¥-√mtam Btem-Nn®v Abmƒ apt∂m´p \oßn. kwi-bn®v

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

tbmsS AXv acn-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ t\m°n-\n-∂p. Hcp sNΩ-cn-bm-Sns‚ acWw apsºm-cn-°epw Rm≥ I≠n-ń-√. Rm≥ Xnc-°n´v apt∂m´p \S-∂p.'' ""Unkw-_¿ 13 sh≈n: cm{Xn-ap-gp-h≥ Rm≥ \S- ∂ p. ]mco- k ns‚ ]cn- k - c - s a- Ø n- b n- c p- ∂ p. hoSns‚ ap≥hm-Xn-en-\-cn-In-en´ Itk-c-bn¬\n∂v Fgp-t∂¬°m≥ Fs‚ apØ-—≥ Fs∂-t∂-°pambn hnk-Ω-Xn-®Xv Cusbmcp Znh-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. t\cw-sh-fp-°p-tºm-tg°pw Rm≥ ]mco-kns‚ h°-sØ-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Nmwkv Fen-kzn-bn-te°v (Ahn-sS-bmWv tems´ sFkv\d- psS hoSv) C\nbpw Ac-Zn-hkw \S-°-Ww. Imev ]msS Xf¿∂n-cp-∂p. F∂n´pw Rm≥ hen-™p-\-S-∂p. t_m[-a‰ Hcp-hs\-t∏m-se.'' Unkw-_¿ 14\v sl¿tkmKv temń Cukv\dpsS hoń-se-Øp-∂p. ""Sqdnkw ]m]-amWv; \S-ØamWv \∑.'' F∂v sl¿tkm-Kv. F√m Xo¿∞m-S-\ßfpw \S-∂p-Xo¿t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw sl¿tkm-Kv. Hº-Xp-h¿j-Øn-\p-tijw 1983 \hw-_¿ 25\v tems´ sFkv\¿ F¨]-tØgmw hb- n¬ ]mco-kn¬ A¥- c n- ® p. ASp- Ø - h ¿jw \n¿Ωn® ]mcokv , sSIvkmkv F∂ hnw sh≥tUgvkns‚ G‰hpw anI® Nn{Xw ka¿∏n®n-´p-≈Xv tems´ sFkv\dpsS kvac-W-bv°v! z

apt∂m- ´ p- s h- ° p∂ Hmtcm Ime- S n- ° pw- t ijw Abmƒ ho≠pw-ho≠pw Hcev]w \n∂p. acWw Abm-fp-sS-IqsS \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Abmsf aqSns°m≠v Ccpfp h∂p. Cu {Kmaw C∂se Hcp ]qºm-‰∏ - p-gp-hm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v Rmb-dmgvN s]s´∂Xv ]yq∏-bmbn amdn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. \nd™ GImIn-X. AXp-am-{X-ap≠v Iq´v. ]ns∂ A∏p-dsØ sIm®-cp-hnbpw AXn-\p-a-∏p-d-ap≈ Xmgvhmc-hpw.'' ""Unkw-_¿ 9 Xn¶ƒ: \\™ ]mS-Øns‚ A∏p-d-Øp-\n∂v Hcp Iq‰≥ \mb Fs‚ ]n∂mse IqSn. DS-aÿ - \ - n-s√-∂p-d∏ - v. hq^v... Rm\-Xns\ HmSn°m≥ t\m°n. At∏m-gXv tdmU-cn-Inse Im\-bnsem-fn-®p. ]ns∂ ho≠pw {]Xy-£-s∏´v ]n∂m-se. Cu \mbbv°v sNΩ-cn-bm-Sns‚ Omb-bp-s≠∂v F\n°p tXm∂n. \S∂pw Hfn®pw ho≠pw {]Xy£-∏´pw Iptd-Zqcw AsXs‚ ]n∂m-se-bp-≠m-bncp-∂p. s]s´-∂-Xns\ ImWm-Xm-bn. AXp t]mbt∏mƒ Ft¥m-t]m-se. Iptd-t\cw Rm\-Xns\ Xnc™p. Ipd-®p-t\cw ImØp-\n-∂p. "\nßƒ \nßsf kvt\ln-°p-∂-t]mse \nß-fpsS saØ-tbbpw kvt\ln-°pI' F∂v A∏p-dsØ hoSns‚ Npa-cn¬ Btcm tNm°p-sIm≠v Fgp-Xn-h-®n-cp-∂p.'' ""Unkw-_¿ 11 _p[≥: Fs‚ ap∂n¬ \o≠ hgn-am-{Xw. s]s´∂v Ip∂n≥N-cn-hn¬ Rm≥ IpXnc-∏p-d-Øn-cn-°p∂ Hcmsf I≠p. ASp-Øp-sN-∂t∏mƒ IpXn-c-bp-an√ Bfp-an-√. AsXmcp ac-am-bncp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Hcp sNΩ-cn-bm-Sns\ I≠p. BSmtWm AtXm Ip‰n-°m-SmtWm? sNΩ-cn-bm-Sp-Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv InS-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p; acn-°pI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xp-°-∏-Xp-s°, arZp-hmb thZ-\-

Of Walking in Ice, Werner Herzog Tanam Press, New York 1980

GXp-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Ipń-bm-bn-cp∂p \nßƒ? Rm≥ H‰-s∏-s´mcp Ipń-bm-bn-cp-∂p. RßfpsS IpSpw_w Hscm-‰-ap-dn-bn-emWv ayqWn-°n¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂sX∂-Xn-\m¬ Hc-Xym-hiyw F∂ \ne-bn¬ F¥nepw {i≤n-°m≥ Rm≥ ]Tn-®p. B Hcp apdn-bn¬ Rßƒ \mep-t]-cmWv Ign-®p-Iq-ńbn-cp-∂-Xv.- Hcp ]pkvX-I-hp-sa-SpØv \n-eØv Rm≥ ae¿∂p-In-S° - pw. Np‰pw \S-°p∂ kwkm-cØ - n\pw {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°p-an-Sb - n¬ aWn-°q-dp-It- fmfw Rm≥ {i≤- t bmsS hmbn- ® p. Hcp Znh- k w- a p- g p- h ≥ Aßs\ hmbn-®p-In-S-∂n-´p-≠v. hmb-\-I-gn™v t\m°p-tºmƒ apdn-bn¬ Bcp-an-√. Ah-sc√mw kz¥w ]Wn-Iƒ°mbn ]pdØpt]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ aqØ ktlm-Zc - ≥ Xn¬_¿´mWv ayqWn°n¬ Rß-fpsS ho´p-Im-cy-ßƒ t\m°n-bn-cp-∂-

\nßƒ Pohn-X-Øns‚ kwKoXw tIƒ°p∂pt≠m?

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Xv. kvIqfn¬t∏m-Im≥ Abmƒ°v aSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Abmsf kvIqfn¬\n∂p ]pd-Øm-°n. ]n∂o-Sb - mƒ _nkn-\ v XpS-ßn. _nkn-\- n-e-bmƒ anSp-°-\mbn. ]Xn-\m-dmw-h-b- n¬ Abmƒ hoSp-t\m-°m≥ XpS- ß n. Abm- f p- ≈ - X p- s Im- ≠ mWv F\n°v kvIqƒ]-TnØw km≤y-am-b-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Abm-tfmSv Rm≥ A{X-ta¬ IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Hgnhp-ka - b - ß - f - n¬ Rm\pw ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-am-bn-cp-s∂¶nepw ]Tn-∏ns\ AsXm∂pw XS- -s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-√. Fs‚ Cf-b-k-tlm-Z-c-\mb cp°n-bp-ambn F\n°v henb Bfl-_‘ - a - m-bn-cp-∂p. Rß-fpsS A—-∑m¿ H∂-√. F∂n´pw Rßƒ XΩn¬ henb ASp-∏-ambn-cp-∂p. kwKo-X-Øn¬ Ipń-°m-etØ Xmev]cyw ImWn® Abmƒ anI-s®mcp ]nbm-\n-Ãmbn amdn. AKnsc apX-ep≈ Nn{X-ß-fn-se√mw Abm-sfs‚ klm-bn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

dq-Wn¬ Hcp \Zn-°p-ap-If - n¬ ]mew-]W - n-bp∂ ]n‹nI-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p c≠m-asØ Nn{Xw. bYm¿∞ D]-Ic - W - ß - s - fm-∂pw-Xs∂ C√msX anIs®mcp ]mew-Xo¿Ø ]n‹n-I-sf-°p-dn®v F\n°p henb aXn-∏p-tXm-∂n. Sm¿k-s\-t∏mse ]pg- \o-¥n°-S∂v ]me-Øn-t∑¬ F´p-Im-en-Is - f-t∏mse Ah¿ Xqßn-°n-S-°p-∂Xv F\n-°n-t∏mgpw Hm¿°m-\m-hp∂p-≠v. AXv h√m-sØm-c-\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Sm¿k≥ XpS-ßnb hne-Ip-d™ Atacn-°≥ Nn{X-ßfpw Abmƒ ]e-t∏m-gmbn ImWn®p. Cu Nn{X-ß-fn¬ ^q a©p F∂ Nn{Xw kn\na-bpsS I≈-Øcß-fn-te°v Fs‚ IÆp-Xp-d-∂p. shSn-tb‰v ]md-∏p-dØ - p-\n∂v Xmtgm-´p-ho-gp∂ Hcmƒ hogvNb - v°n-Sb - n¬ tkma¿kmƒ´-Sn-°p-Ibpw ImepsIm-s≠mcp Nhn-´p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp tjm´p-≠n-Xn¬. ]Øp-an-\n‰p Ign™v as‰mcp shSnsh- ∏ p- c w- K Øn¬ CtX tjm´v Bh¿Øn- ® p. CXmcpw I≠p-]n-Sn-°n-s√-∂mWv Ah¿ Icp-Xn-bXv. ]t£, Rm\o I≈-Øcw I≠p-]n-Sn-®p. Iq´pIm-tcmSv AtX-°p-dn®p kwkm-cn-®p. kv{Io\n¬ \S°p-∂-sX√mw bYm¿∞-amsW∂mWv AXp-hsc Rm≥ [cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. CtXmsS kn\nabv°IsØ Ir{Xn-a-Xzw F\n°p t_m≤y-s∏-´p. sI´n-®-a® IY]-d™v, FUn-‰p-sN-bvXv, Ir{Xn-aa - mb kkvs]≥kp≠m°n ImWn-°p∂ H∂m-WsX∂v F\n°p a\ n-em-bn. kn\n-a-tbm-Sp≈ Fs‚ at\m-`mhw amdnbXv A∂m-Wv.

GXmWv Xm¶ƒ I≠ BZy-Nn-{X-ßƒ? k©m-cn-bmb Hcp s{]mP-£-\nÃv 16 Fw.Fw Nn{X-ß-fp-ambn hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-s\m∂p hb p-≈-t∏mƒ Abmƒ ImWn® c≠p-Nn-{X-ß-fmWv Rm\mZyw I≠-Xv. kv{Io\n¬ Cß-s\-sbmcp almamPnIv kw`-hn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv Fs∂ A¤p-X-s∏Sp- Ø n- s b- ¶ nepw Abmƒ ImWn® BZy- N n{Xw F\n°p ]nSn-®n-√. FkvIn-tam-Iƒ C•p-sh∂ Iqc \n¿Ωn-°p-∂X - n-s\-°p-dn-®m-bn-cp∂p AXv. ]›m-Øe-hn-h-cWw \nd™ B Nn{Xw Fs∂ t_md-Sn-∏n®p. FkvIn-tam-Iƒ hrØn-bp≈ Hcp ]Wn-bmWv FSp-°p-∂s - X∂ tXm∂epw F\n-°p-≠m-bn-√. Ima-

Xm¶-fpsS BZy-Nn-{X-ß-sf-Sp-°m≥ ]Ww Is≠Øn-bXv Fß-s\-bmWv?

kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ Rm≥ Hcp Ão¬ ^mIvSd- n-bn¬ sh¬U-dmbn ss\‰v jn^v‰n¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Imdp-Iƒ ]m¿°p-sN-øp∂n-SØv t\m´-°m-c-\mbn tPmen-sb-Sp-°p-am-bn-cp∂p. Aß-s\-bp-≠m-°nb ]Ww-sIm-≠mWv 1961n¬, ]sØm-ºXmw hb- n¬ Fs‚ BZy-Nn-{X-amb sldm-¢kv \n¿Ωn-®-Xv. ...... AhnsS\n∂v ^n‰vkvItdm¬tUmhnse-Øp-tºmƒ B Ãowt_m-ńs\ aeap-I-fn-te° hen-®p-I-b-‰n-bXv ]WØns‚ _ewsIm≠mbn-cp-∂n-√. Bfl-_ew-sIm≠mbn-cp-∂p. AXn-c‰ Bfl-_-ew. Ne-®n-{X-tem-I-tØ°v IS-∂p-h-cm≥ B{K-ln°p-∂-h-tcmSv F\n°v sImSp-°m-\p≈ G‰hpw henb D]-tZiw, Hcp-]t- £, CXm-bn-cn-°pw; Btcm-

sldm-¢kv

Ky-ap-s≠-¶n¬ kn\n-ab - v°p≈ ]Ww \nßƒX-s∂bp-≠m-°p-I. bYm¿∞-temIw Fhn-sS-bmtWm Atßm-´p-t]m-hp-I. skIvkv¢-∫n¬ _l-f-ap-≠m°p-∂h - sc ]nSn-®p-]p-dØ - m-°p∂ _u¨k-dmtbm {`m¥m-ip-]-{Xn-bnse hm¿U-\mtbm Iim-∏p-im-ebnse ]Wn-°m-c-\mtbm tPmen-sb-SpØv kn\n-abv°p≈ ]W-ap-≠m-°p-I. Im¬\-S-bmbn bm{XsN-øp-I. `mj-Iƒ hiØm°p-I. kn\n-a-bp-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√mØ sXmgn-ep-Iƒ ]Tn-°pI. kn\n-am-\n¿Ωm-WØ - ns‚ ASn-Ød kz¥w PohnXm-\p-`h - w-Xs - ∂-bm-bn-cn-°W - w. Fs‚ kn\n-aI - f - n¬ Nne Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ am{Xtabp-≈p-sh∂v F\n°p-tXm-∂p-∂n-√. AXn¬ Pohn-Xw-X-s∂-bm-Wp-≈Xv. Fs‚ kz¥w Pohn-Xw. slanMvthsbt∏m-ep≈-h¿ bYm¿∞-Po-hn-X-sØ-Ø-s∂-bmWv ]pkvXI-ß-fn¬ Fgp-Xn-\n-d-®-Xv. Ah-scms° henb Ne®n-{X-Im-c∑ - m-cm-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ Fgp-Øp-Im¿am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn\v ssZh-Øn-t\mSv \μn-]-dbs´. Ct∏mƒ HSp-hn¬ Rm≥ tNmZn-°-s´, \nß-fpsS Iem-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ henb \ncm-i-Iƒ h√-Xp-ap-≠mbn-´pt≠m? Imcy-ambn C√. kn\na s]mfn-bp-∂-Xn-s\bpw ]{X-ß-fnse sXdn-hn-fn-tbbpw adn-I-S-°m≥ Rm≥ ]Tn-®p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. AsX√mw Ct∏m-sg-\n°v ssIIm-cyw-sN-øm-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈p. Fs‚ apdn-hp-Ifn¬ \°n Hcp \mb-sb-t∏mse Rm≥ Np‰n-°-dßm-dn-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw ]cm-P-b-ß-fp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv ]t£, \ncmibn√. bph Ne- ® n- { X- I m- c - ∑ m¿ BZyta ]Tn-t°≠ H∂v CXm-sW∂v F\n-°d- nbmw: ]cn-]q¿Æ-am-b, kºq¿Æ-amb Ne-®n{Xw F∂ H∂n-√. Hcp ko\n-\p-th-≠ntbm Hcp {^bvan-\p-th≠ntbm F{X Nn¥bpw IT-n\m-≤zm-\hpw sNe-hn´mepw XßfpsS Ne-®n-{X-Øn¬ t]mcm-bva-Iƒ _m°n-bm-hp-sa∂v Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-∑m¿°v Ft∏m-gpa-dn-bmw. Cu t]mcm-bva-I-fm-h-s´, ImWn-Iƒ°p-apºn¬ Bbncw aSßv hep-Xmbn sXfn-bpIbpw sNøpw. kz¥w Ip´n-I-tfm-sSm-Øv, Ah-sc-ß-s\bm-bm-epw, Ign-®p-Iq-´m≥ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ]cn-ioen-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse CsXms° I≠pw Adn™pw Ign-®p-Iq-´m≥ Hcp Ne-®n-{X-Im-c≥ ]Tn-°-Ww. Hcmƒ°v hn°-ep-≠m-hmw, as‰m-cmƒ°v tIm¶-Æv, aq∂m-a≥ sRm≠n. Ah¿ sshI-ey-ap-≈-h-cmsW∂ Adn-hp-Xs∂ Ahsc IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln°m≥ \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. \nßsf kw_-‘n®n-S-tØmfw \nß-fp-tS-Xmb Hcp ]cn-]q¿Æ-X-bp≠v. a‰p-≈-h¿ F¥pw Icp-Xn-t°m-s´. Hcp Ne-®n-{X-Im-cs - \∂ \ne-bn¬ Rm≥ sNøp∂-sXms° A{X henb Imcy-am-tWm-sb∂v Rm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw A¤pXwIqdm-dp-≠v. Pohn-Xs - Ø-°p-dn®v Nne Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ kn\na Xcp-∂p-≠v. \ΩpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf AXv am‰n-a-dn-°p-∂p-≠v. ]t£, AtXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ kn\n-a-bn¬ Hcp-]mSv Akw_-‘ß - f - p-ap-≠v. sh≈n-Øn-cb - n-te°v shfn-®sØ hen-s®-dn-b-emWv kn\n-a. AXv A{X- h-enb Imcya-√. kn\n-am-Po-hnXw \nßsf Ffp-∏-Øn-semcp tImam-fn-bm°n am‰mw. ]e Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-∑m-cpsSbpw Pohn-X-ßƒ tami-ambn HSp-ßn-bn-´p-≠v.

{]ikvXcpw {]_-e-cp-amb ]e-cp-sSbpw. Hm¿k¨ sh’n\pw _Ã¿ Io‰Wpw kw`- h n- ® - s X- ¥ msW∂v Hm¿Øp-t\m-°q. G‰hpw Icp-Ø-cmb arKßƒ°p-t]mepw HSp-hn¬ ap´p-Ip-tØ-≠n-h-cp-∂p. Hcp Dcp-f-°n-gßv Irjn-°m-ct\m Hcp ]mN-I-°mct\m Hcn-°epw CXp-t]mse ]cn-lm-ky-cm-hp-∂n√. sXmÆqdmw hb- nepw Xe-bp-b¿Øn-∏n-Sn®p \S°p∂ kwKo-X-⁄-scbpw t^mt´m-{Km-^¿am-sct∏mepw Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. ]t£, Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-∑msc I≠n-t´-bn-√. A\n-hm-cy-am-bXns\ t\cn-Sm-\p≈ Fs‚ t]mwhgn Ign-bp-∂{X Ne-®n{X \n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬\n∂v hn´p-amdn \n¬°pI-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂n´v Rm≥ Im¬\-S-bmbn bm{XsN-øp-∂p, Hm∏-d-Iƒ kwhn-[m-\w-sN-øp-∂p, Fs‚ Ip´n-Isf t]m‰nhf¿Øp-∂p, Fgp-Xp-∂p, s{]m^j-W¬ ]mN-I-°m-c-\m-Im≥ ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp-∂p. kn\n-a-bpsS temI-Øp-\n∂v kzmX{¥yw t\Sm≥ CsXms° Fs∂ klm-bn-°p-∂p. hmb-\-°m¿°v sImSp-°m≥ Xm¶ƒ°v h√ D]tZ-i-ß-fp-apt≠m? CubnsS Rm≥ Hcp Nn{Xw I≠p. F\n-t°sd _lp-am-\a - p≈ \Sn-bmb ImX-do≥ sl]vt_-Wns‚ Pohn- X sØ BtLm- j n- ° p∂ Hcp Nn{Xw. Ah¿s°mcp BZ-cm-RvP-en. ]t£, \n¿`m-Ky-him¬ Ah-cn¬ I≠-sXms° hm\ne sFkv{Iow hnIm-cß - f - m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-km-\c - w-KØ - n¬, IS¬°c-bn¬ Hcp ]md-bpsS apI-fn¬ Ah¿ Ccn-°p-∂p. Iyma-dbv°v ]pd-Øp-\n∂v Btcm Ah-tcmSp tNmZn-

h√msX s\mº-cw-sIm-≠p. Ct∏mgpw AtXm¿°ptºmƒ F\n°p thZ-\n-°p-∂p. ans∂-tkm´ {]Jym]-\-Øn¬ ]Ømw C\-ambn Rm\nXv tN¿ØXv A∂p-≠mb BLmXw _m°n-bm-b-Xn-\m-em-Wv. \nß-fpsS IÆn¬t\m°n Rm\Xv H-cn-°¬°qSn Bh¿Øn-°-s´, "Pohn-X-Øns‚ kwKoXw \nßƒ Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw tI´n-´p-t≠m?' z

ImX-do≥ sl]vt_-¨

°p-∂p, "ankv sl]vt_¨, bph-X-e-ap-d-tbmSv \nßƒ°v ]d-bm-\p-≈s - X-¥mWv?' Ah¿ ]cn-{`-an®v Dan-\o-cn-d-°p-∂p. IÆp \nd-bp∂p. Ft¥m Imcyambn Btem-Nn-°p-I-bm-sW∂ a´n¬ Hcp-]m-Sp-t\cw C-cp∂tijw HSp-hn¬ Iyma-d-bn-te°v t\cn´p t\m°n Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p, "Pohn-XØ - ns‚ kwKoXw tIƒ°pI.' Nn{Xw ChnsS Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. CXp-tI´v Rm≥ AXoh hn\-bm-\zoX-\mbn;

Herzog on Herzog, Ed. Paul Cronin, Faber and Faber, London 2002

\nß-fpsS kn\na \nß-fpsS Ip´n-I-sf-t∏m-se-bm-Wv. Ip´n Nne {]tXyI kz`mh-hn-ti-jt- ØmsS hf-cW - s - a∂v \nß-fm-{K-ln-t®-°pw. ]t£, Hcn-°epw \nßfpsS tamlw-t]m-se-bm-hn√ Ah≥. kn\n-abv°pw AXn-t‚-Xmb PohnXw Pohn°m\pw kz¥w kz`mhw hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. Cu Ah-Im-isØ ASn-®-a¿Øm≥ {ian-°-cpXv; A]-I-S-I-c-am-Wv. http://alchemi.co.uk

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv jq Xn∂p-∂p.

tdmƒ tamdnkv sNdp-∏-°m-c-\mb Hcp Ne-®n{X Iº-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. sl¿tkmKvNn{Xß-fn¬ BIr-jvS\ - mb Abmƒ HSp-hn¬ sl¿tkmKns\ I≠p-ap-´p-∂p. sl¿tkm-Kn-t\mSv Xs‚ Ne®n-{X-kz-]v\-ß-sf√mw Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂p. "kz]v\w]-d™p \S-°msX kn\n-a-sb-Sp-°tSm' F∂mbn sl¿tkm-Kv. kn\n-as - b-Sp-°m≥ Xs‚ Iøn¬ ]Wan-√. kvt{Smk-°ns‚ jq´n-ßn-\n-S-bn¬, 1977¬, tamdnkv sl¿tkm-Kns‚ tlm´¬ap-dn-bn-se-Øp-∂p. Abm-f-hnsS ]cm-Xn-bp-ambn Xßn-\n¬°p-∂p. jq´nMv Ign-™-tijw c≠m-bncw tUmf¿ Hcp Ih-dn-en´v sl¿tkmKv tamdn-kns\ G¬∏n-°p-∂p. "C\n t]mbn kn\n-a-sb-SpØp hm.' tamdnkv B Ih¿ P\-en-eqsS ]pd-tØ°p hen-s®-dn-bp-∂p. sl¿tkmKv Xmsgbnd-ßn-t∏mbn B Ih¿ hos≠-

SpØv H´pw t£m`-an-√msX tamdn-kn\v \o´p-∂p. "C\n-bn-ßs\ sNø-cpXv.' tamdnkv B Ih¿ hmßptºmƒ sl¿tkmKv H∂p-IqSn ]d-bp-∂p, "AYhm Fs∂-¶nepw \osbmcp kn\n-a-sb-Sp-°p-I-bm-sW¶n¬ Rm≥ C´n-cn-°p∂ Cu jqkv Rm≥ ]pgpßn-Øn-∂mw.' Hcp h¿j-Øn-\p-tijw 1978¬ tamdnkv Xs‚ BZy- IYmNn{Xw \n¿Ωn-°p∂p ˛ tK‰vkv Hm^v slh≥. Cu Nn{X-Øns‚ BZy {]Z¿i\w \S°p∂ Znhkw sl¿tkmKv hm°p-]m-en-°p-∂p. _¿°ven-bnse Hcp dtÃm-d‚n¬ Ahn-SsØ apJy ]mN-I-°m-c-\mb Beokv hmt´-gvkns‚ klm-btØmsS Xs‚ jqkv sl¿tkmKv ]pgp-ßn-sb-Sp°p-∂p. D≈nbpw ]®-a-cp-∂p-Ifpw tN¿Øv A©pa- W n- ° q¿ ]pgp- ß n- s b- S pØp Xs‚ jq F∂v

hni-∏p-kl - n-°msX jq ]pgp-ßn-Øn-∂p∂ Nm¿fn Nmπn≥ (tKmƒUv djv ˛ 1925)

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

sl¿tkmKv Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp-h¿jw-apºv tamdn-kn\v hm°p-sIm-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Xm≥ AWn™n-cp∂ jqX-s∂-bmWnXv F∂pw sl¿tkmKv Ah-Im-i-s∏-´p. s]mXp-th-Zn-bn¬ ImWn-Iƒ°p-apºn¬h-®mWv sl¿tkmKv jq Xn∂p-∂-Xv. kn\n-asb-°p-dn®v kz]v\w-Im-Wp-Ibpw kn\n-a-sb-Sp-°m\p≈ N¶q‰w ImWn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h¿°p≈ {]tNm-Z-\-ambn´mWv Xm≥ jq s]mXpth-Zn-bn¬ Xn∂p-∂s - X∂v sl¿tkm-Kv. AX-s√-¶n¬ dtÃmd‚n¬ kzIm-cy-ap-dn-bn-en-cp∂v jq Xn∂v Bcpa-dn-bmsX X\n°v hm°p-]m-en-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. jq Xn∂p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ ImWn-I-fpsS tNmZy-ßƒ°v sl¿tkmKv adp-]S- n ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. tamdnkv kn\n-a-bp-≠m-°m≥ ]W-ap-≠m-°n-bXv Fhn-sS-\n∂m- s W∂v At\z- j n- ® pthm F∂v ImWn- I ƒ. "Abmƒ ISw-hm-ßn-°mWpw; Is´-Sp-Øp-Im-Wpw. Aß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv Bfp-Iƒ kn\n-as - b-Sp-°p∂-Xv. \nßƒs°mcp kn\n-as - b-Sp-°W - s - a-¶n¬ Hcp Iymad Is´-Sp-°p-I. ^nenw tÃm°v Fhn-sS-\n-s∂¶nepw X´n-sb-Sp-°p-I. F∂n´v Hcp em_n¬ Hfn-®pI-S∂v Imcyw km[n-°p-I. kn\n-am-\n¿ΩmWw \nßsf Hcp tImam-fn-bm-°pw. CXm Ct∏mƒ Rms\mcp tImam-fn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Hm¿k¨ sh’n\pw {Xqt^m-hn-s\-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿°p-t]mepw CXmWp kw`-hn-®-Xv. Ah-sc√mw tImam-fn-I-fmbn amdn.' jqkns‚ ASn- Ø - ´ p- X n- ∂ m≥ sl¿tkmKv hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p. AXpw Xn∂-W-sa-∂mbn ImWnIƒ. "tImgnsb s]mcn-®p-Xn-∂p-tºmƒ Bcpw AXns‚ F√pIƒ Xn∂m-dn-√' F∂v sl¿tkm-Kv. Hcp

Z t^mKv Hm^v hm¿ F∂ tUmIyp-sa‚dn ^o®dn\v A°m-Zan Ahm¿Upw t\Sn. sl¿tkmKv jq Xn∂p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v te ªm¶v kwhn-[m-\w-sNbvX 22 an\p-‰p≈ tUmIypsa‚-dn-bmWv sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Cu‰vkv lnkv jq. sl¿tkmKv jq Xn∂p-sIm-≠v ImWn-If - p-ambn kwkm-cn-°p∂ Zriy-ß-tfm-sSm∏w Ctdmƒ tamdnkns‚ tK‰vkv Hm^v slh\nsebpw sl¿tkmKns‚ Xs∂ Cuh≥ Uzm¿^vkv Ãm¿‰Uv kvamƒ F∂ Nn{X-Øn-s‚bpw Zriy-ßƒ CS-I-e¿Øn-bXmWv Cu tUmIyp-sa‚-dn. z

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Cu‰vkv lnkv jq

jq am{Xta sl¿tkmKv Xn∂p-Xo¿°p-∂p-≈q. tamdn-kns‚ Nn{Xw sImfw-_n-btbm hm¿W¿ {_tZgvtkm ]mc-au≠v ]nIvtNgvtkm {]Z¿i-\Øn\v FSp-°p-tºmƒ Xn∂m-\mbn at‰ jq Xm≥ am‰n-h-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v sl¿tkmKv. Ctdmƒ tamdnkv ]n∂oSv \nc-h[n Nn{X-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-®p. 2004¬

Rm≥ Xnc-°-Y-sb-gp-Xp-tºmƒ CsX√mw amdn-a-dn-bp-sa∂ t_m≤y-sa-\n-°p≠v. jq´n-ßn-\nsS ]pXnb IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ IS-∂p-hc - n-It- ]mepw sNømw. AXpsIm≠v Rms\mcp ASn-a-a-t\m-`m-h-tØmsS t]Pp-I-fn¬ kw`m-j-W-ßƒ Fgp-Xn-\n-d-bv°m-dn-√. bYm¿∞Pohn-Xhpw bYm¿∞ Cta-Pp-Ifpw ]n∂oSv Fs‚ kn\n-a-bn¬ h∂p \nd-bp-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. Herzog on Herzog

"kn\na shcn-sX-': sl¿tkm-Kns‚ FXn¿ am\n-s^tÃm

\na shcn-sX-bvs°-Xnsc sl¿tkmKv 1999 G{]n¬ 30\v Hcp am\n-s^tÃm ]pd-Øn-d-°p∂p. ans∂tkm´ {]Jym-]\w: "tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\na-bnse kXyhpw hkvXp-XI - fpw' F∂ t]cn¬ Cd°nb Cu am\n-s^tÃm {^©v tUmIyp-sa‚dn Ne-®n{X {]ÿm-\-amb kn\na shcn-sX-bpsS ISpØ hna¿i-\-am-Wv. {^m≥kn¬ Adp- ] - X p- I fn¬ cq]w- s Im≠ tUmIyp-sa‚dn Ne-®n-{X-{]-ÿm-\-amWv "kn\na shcn-sX'. Hcp {^©v {]ÿm-\-ambn BtLm-jn°-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw CXns‚ thcp-Iƒ \mev]X - p-If - n¬ djy≥ Ne-®n-{X-kw-hn-[m-b-I-\mb knKm sh¿ tXmhv cq]w-\¬Inb Ne-®n-{X-k-¶-ev]-ß-fn-em-Wv. sFk≥Ão≥, ]ptUm-hvIn≥ F∂n-h-cpsS ka-Imeo-\-\mb sh¿tXmhv IYm-Nn-{X-sa∂ k¶-ev]-Øn-

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

sh∂v sh¿tXmhv ]d-bp-tºmƒ AXv sam≠mjv hncp- ≤ - a m- I p- ∂ p. ]n∂oSv {^m≥kn¬ Bt{μ _mkn≥ apt∂m-´p-h® ansk≥ko≥ k¶-ev]-Ønt\mSv HØp-t]m-Ip∂p Cu sh¿tXm-hn-b≥ k¶ev]w. _mkn≥ sam≠m-jns\ "Ne-®n-{X-Im-cs‚ ]m]'-sa-∂mWv hnfn-®-Xv. ssIIymad-bp-ambn Ne®n-{X-Im-c≥ kaq-l-Øn-en-dßn Is≠-Øp-∂-XmWv sh¿tXm-hn\v kn\n-a. sh¿tXmhv CXns\ "Int\m -kn-\na' (kn-\n-am-kXyw) F∂p hnfn-®p. "kn\na shcnsX' F∂m¬ kn\n-am-k-Xy-sa∂p-Xs - ∂-bm-W¿∞w. sh¿tXmhv k¶-ev]n-®t- ]mse Chn-sSbpw kwhn-[m-bI - ≥ P\-ßƒ°n-Sb - n¬\n∂v Ne-®n-{X-kXyw As√-¶n¬ Pohn-X-kXyw Is≠Øm≥ {ian-°p-∂p. Xmc-ß-fn-√, sk‰n-√, Fgp-XnØ-øm-dm-°nb kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-√, h≥ _P-‰p-an√. ssIIym-ad- b - v°p-ap-∂n¬ km[m-cW - P - \ - ß - ƒam-{Xw. Ah¿ Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-k-Xy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v, PohnXm-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v Iyma-d-tbmSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. Iymad ]£w-]n-Sn-°mØ Hcp ZrIvkm-£n-am-{Xw. Iyma-db - psS km∂n-≤yw-t]mepw AXn-\p-ap-ºn-ep≈ P\-ßfdntb-≠-Xn√. Po≥ dqjns‚ t{ImWn-°nƒ Hm^v F kΩ¿ (1961), {Inkv am¿°-dpsS te tPmfn ambv (1962) F∂n-h-bmWv Cu Ne-®n-{X-{]-ÿm-\Ønse G‰hpw {]i-kvX-amb Nn{X-ßƒ. Fgp-XnØ-øm-dm-°nb Xnc-°Y - b - n-√msX, dntl-gvke - n-√msX jq´p-sNbvX Po≥ eq°v sKmZm¿Zns‚ BZy-Nn-{Xamb {_Xve v (1960) "kn\nam shcnsX' ssien ]n¥p-S¿∂ H∂m-sW∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬, "kn\na shcn-sX-'bn¬ {]ÿm-\° - m¿ sIm´nKvt- Lm-jn-°p-tºmse Ne-®n-{X-kX - y-sam∂pw

knKm sh¿tXmhv ˛ Z am≥ hnØv F aqhn Iymad

\p-Xs∂ FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xm-h-ÿ-Isf-°p-dn®v IY-bp-≠m°n ]d-b-e√ Ne-®n-{X-I-ebpsS e£y-sa∂v sh¿tXmhv hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw hmZn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Iymad Pohn-X-Øn-te°v Cd-ßn-s®-√-Ww. Pohn-XsØ t\m°n-°m-W-Ww. Pohn-X-k-Xy-ßsf ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°Ww. F∂n´v AXm-IWw ImWn-I-fpsS apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°≠-Xv. Iyma-dsb sh¿tXmhv "Int\m sF' (kn-\nam-°-Æv) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. km[m-cW IÆv AkXyw ImWp-Itbm kXyw ImWm-Xn-cn-°pItbm sNøp-tºmƒ kn\n-am-°Æv ImWn°v PohnX-k-Xy-ßsf ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. sFk≥ Ãos‚ sam≠mjv kn≤m-¥Ø - ns‚ ˛ Hc¿∞-Øn¬ ˛ FXn-cmWv sh¿tXm-hns‚ Cu Ne-®n-{X-k¶ - e - v]w. kn\n-am-°Æv ÿesØ/kvt]kns\ Iog-S° - p-∂p-

Cs√∂v Xs‚ ans∂tkm´ {]Jym-]-\-Øn-eqsS A°-an´v sl¿tkmKv hmZn-°p-∂p. 1992¬ \n¿Ωn® e ¨kv Hm^v Um¿Ivs\ v F∂ tUmIyp-sa‚dn-bmWv sl¿tkmKv "kn\nam shcnsX' Nn{Xßƒ°p ap∂n¬sh-°p∂ _Z¬Nn-{Xw. BZysØ Kƒ^v bp≤-Øn\ptijap≠mb a\p-jy-Zp-c¥ - a - mWv Cu Nn{X-Øns‚ {]ta-bw. Ipssh-‰nse FÆ-∏m-Sß-fn¬ IØn-ba - c - m≥ Iq´m-°msX IØn-°m-fn-\n∂ Xo\m-fß - f - mWv Nn{X-Ønse G‰hpw i‡-amb CtaPv. kn.-F≥.-F≥ AS-°-ap≈ Ata-cn-°≥ am≤y-aßƒ ImWn-Iƒ°v kp]-cn-Nn-Xa - m-°n-s°m-SpØ Cu Cta-Pns\ sl¿tkmKv as‰mcp Zriym-\p-`-h-am°n am‰p- ∂ p. ÿe- I m- e - ß - s f- ° p- d n®v kqN- \ - I ƒ \¬ImsX a\p-jy-Zp-c-¥-Øns‚ BtKm-f-km-≤yXbpw hym]vXnbpw sl¿tkmKv Hcp Z¿i-\-sa-∂t]mse Cu Nn{X-Øn-eqsS Ah-Xc - n-∏n°p-∂p. Ia‚dn-t]mepw Cu Zriym-\p-`-hØn¬ Imcy-ambn CSs]-Sp-∂n-√. Cu Nn{X-Øns‚ A\p-`-hw-h®v sl¿tkmKv ]pd-Øn-d-°nb ans∂-tkm´ {]Jym-]\w (hm-°¿ B¿´v sk‚¿, ans∂-t]m-fn-kv, ans∂-tkm-´, G{]n¬ 30 1999): 1. "kn\na shcnsX' F∂v hnfn-°s - ∏-Sp∂ {]ÿm\-Øn¬ C√m-ØXv shcn-sX-bm-Wv. As√-¶n¬ kXy-am-Wv. Ah¿ FØn-t®-cp-∂Xv D]-cn-Xe kXy-Øn¬am-{Xw. IW-°-∏n-≈-am¿ Is≠Øp∂ kXy-Øn¬am-{Xw.

e ¨kv Hm^v Um¿Ivs\ v

4. 5.

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv "kn\na shcn-sX-'bpsS {]i-kvX-\mb Hcp h‡mhv ASp-ØnsS ]c-ky-ambn {]Jym-]n-®p, Iøn-semcp Iyma-dbpw Bﬂm¿∞X-bp-ap-s≠¶n¬ kXyw Is≠-Øm≥ Ffp-∏-am-sW-∂v. kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bnse cm{Xn-Im-esØ hm®v ams\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂p Cbmƒ. Fgp-Xn-h® \nc-h[n \nb-a-ß-sfbpw \nb-a-Øns‚ hnNn{X-amb hgn-I-sfbpw Cu hm®vam≥ i]n-°p∂p. Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂p, ""F\n-s°m-t∂-bp-≈p, Htc-sbmcp \nb-ta-bp≈q. I≈-∑m¿ Pbn-en¬ t]mI- W w.'' ]t£, Cbm- f n- ∏ - d - b p- ∂ Xv Ft∏mgpw \S-°m-dn-√. "kn\na shcnsX' I√ns\ Dgp-Xp-a-dn-°p-∂-Xpt]mse hkvXp-X-I-sfbpw kXy-sØbpw Hcpt]mse t\cn-Sp-∂p. ]t£, hkvXp-X-Iƒ°v hnNn- { Xhpw A¤p- X - I - c - h p- a mb i‡n- b ps≠∂v Ch-tcm¿°p-∂n-√. Ch¿ I-s≠-Øp∂ kXysØ ]e-t∏mgpw Cu hkvXp-XI - ƒ Ahniz-k-\o-b-am-°p-∂p. hkvXp-X-Iƒ \nb-a-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂p; kXyw {]Im-iw-]-c-Øp-∂p. kn\n-a-bnse kXyØn\v CXn-tesd Bg-ap-≠v. Imhym-ﬂ-Ihpw \n¿hr-Xn-Zm-b-I-hp-amb Hcp kXy-ap≠v. AXv \nKq-Vhpw ]nSn-X-cmsX sX∂n-am-dp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. `mh-\bpw k¿§-i‡nbpw ssieo-I-c-Whpw Cg-tN¿°p-tºmgmWv Cu kXyw sXfn-bp-∂-Xv. "kn\na shcn-sX'- Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ Sqdn-Ãp-Isf-t∏m-se-bmWv. hkvXp-XI - f - psS ]ucm-WnImh-in-jvS-ß-fpsS Nn{X-ß-sf-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-em-Wv

7. 8.

9. 10.

11. 12.

Ah¿°v IuXp-Iw. Sqdnkw ]m]-amWv; \SØw \∑bpw ans∂tkm-´-bnse XSm-I-ß-fn¬ Dcp-In-s°m≠n-cn-°p∂ a™n\p apI-fn-eqsS a™p-h≠ - nI-tfm-Sn®v Iq´n-bn-Sn®v ssiXy-Im-eØv Hcp-]mSp-t]¿ apßn-a-cn-°m-dp-≠v. CXn-s\-Xnsc Hcp kpc- £ n- X - \ n- b aw D≠m- ° - W - s a∂v ans∂ tkm´ Kh¿W¿°p-ap-ºn¬ Bhiyw i‡am-bn. Cbm-sfmcp ]gb KpkvXn-°m-c\pw t_mUn-Km¿Up-am-Wv. Cbm-fpsS ]mh-\-amb adp-]Sn CXm-bn-cp-∂p. "a≠-Ø-c-Øn-s\-Xnsc \nb-a-ap-≠m-°m≥ Ign-bn-√.' Kpkv X n- ° m- c s‚ teml- ° - ø pd Xmsg- b n´v Abm-fpb¿Ønb sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wn-Xv. Aºnfn aSp-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. {]IrXnamXmhv \nßsf hnfn-°p-∂n-√, \nß-tfmSv kwkm-cn°p-∂n-√. ]t£, a™p-]m-fn-Iƒ hfn-hn-Sm-dp≠v. F∂n´pw \nßƒ Pohn-XØ - ns‚ kwKoXw tIƒ°p-∂nt√? \ΩpsS Cu {]]-©Ø - n\v ]p©n-cn-°m≥ Adnbn√ F∂-Xn¬ \mw IrXm¿∞-cm-h-Ww. IS-ense PohnXw \c-I-Xp-ey-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. \nc-¥-chpw s]s´-∂v hcp-∂-Xp-amb A]-I-Sß-fpsS Imcp-Wy-an-√mØ hnkvXr-X-\-c-Iw. Cu \c-IØ - n¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sm-\m-bn-cn-°Ww ssPh-]c - n-Wm-aØ - n-\n-Sbv°v a\p-jy-\S- ° - a - p≈ Pohn-hw-i-ßƒ Dd-∏p≈ sNdp-I-c-I-fn-te°v Ib-dn-t∏m-∂X - v. ]t£, Ahn-sSbpw Ccp-fns‚ ]mT-ßƒ (Lessons of Darkness) XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. z

In≥kvIn: "Fs‚ {]nb-kp-lrØv '

980s‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv temI-kn-\n-a-bnse Hc-Xn-Im-b-\mbn amdn-°-gn-™ncp-∂p. 1982¬ \n¿Ωn® ^n‰vk-vI-dmtUm sl¿tkmKns\ {]i-kvXn-bpsS D∂-X-ß-fn-se-Øn-®-Xv. 320 S¨ `mcaps≈mcp Ãowt_m´v ae-ap-I-fn¬ hen-®pI-b‰n Ne-®n-{X-\n¿Ωm-W-Ønse {`m¥-amb AXnkm- l - k n- I - X - b n¬ apgp- I n- s b- ∂ - X p- a m- { X- a √ sl¿tkm-Kns‚ Cu Nn{XsØ {]i-kvX-am-°n-bXv. P¿Ω-\n-bn-se, Hcp Indp-°s - \∂p hnfn-°m-hp∂ AXn-{]-ikvX \S-\mb t¢mkv In≥kvInsb sacp°n-sb-SpØv Cu Nn{X-Øn¬ AXn-Kw-`o-ca - mb A`n\-b] - m-Shw km[n-®p-sh-∂Xpw sl¿tkm-Kns‚ anIhmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hm∏-dsb kvt\ln°p∂ Hcp _nkn- \ - p- I m- c s‚ thj- a mWv In≥kvIn°v Cu Nn{X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. s]dphn-b≥ ImSp-If - n¬ ¢mkn-°¬ kwKo-XsØ FØn-

∏n-°p-at{X Cu io¿j-Iw. Pokkv ]cy-S\w F∂ t]cn¬ In≥kvIn tbip-{In-kvXp-hmbn kzbw hymJym-\n®v tÃPn¬ Ah-Xc - n-∏n® ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS tjm´p-If - n-emWv Nn{Xw XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ {]I-S-\sØ th≠{X {i≤n°p-∂n-s√∂v Btcm-]n®v In≥kvIn ImWn-I-fpsS t\sc £p`n-X-\m-hp-∂p. Ahsc sXdn-hn-fn-°p-∂p. kwLm-S-I¿ In≥kvIn-bpsS ssas{Im-t^m¨ X´nsb- S p- ° p- ∂ p. Ae- d n- h n- f n- ® p- s Im≠v ]n∂mse ]m™v Abmƒ AXv ho≠pw ssI°-em-°p-∂p. sl¿tkm-Kns‚ AKnsd F∂ Nn{X-Øn¬ A`n-\bn-°m≥th≠n-bmWv In≥kvIn Pokkv ]cy-S\w Dt]-£n-®-Xv. In≥kvIn-bpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ sNdp-Ij - W - ß - ƒ Cu Nn{X-Øn¬ sl¿tkmKv \ncØ-p∂p. Ch-scm-∂n® Nn{X-\n¿Ωm-WØ - ns‚ Zriyßfpw CtXm-sSm∏w CS-I-e¿∂p hcp-∂p. ]q¿Æambpw Hcp Indp- ° - \ m- b n- ´ √ In≥kv I nsb sl¿tkmKv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv; temIw Abm-sf Adn-bp-∂Xv Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n-epw. arZp-lr-Z-bmep-hmb Hcp In≥kvIn-sbbpw Cu Nn{X-Øn¬ ImWmw. Chm am‰kv (shmsb-kIv), t¢mUnb Im¿Un-\mse (^n‰vkvI-tdmtUm) F∂o c≠p \Snam¿ In≥kvInsb Cu Nn{X-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂Xv kvt\l-ap≈, im¥-\m-b Hcp a\p-jy-\m-bn´pw alm-\mb Hcp \S-\m-bn-´p-am-Wv. s]dp-hn-b≥ ImSpI- f n- s e- h n- s S- t bm- \ n∂v h∂ Hcp Nn{X- i - e `w In≥kvIn-tbmSv kvt\lw-Iq-Sp∂ koIz≥kn-emWv Nn{Xw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv. Nn{X-i-e`w Abm-fpsS apJØpw aq°Øpw Igp-Ønepw sNhn-bn-ep-sa√mw h∂n-cp∂v Nnd-IS- n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. In≥kvIn

°m-\p≈ Cbm-fpsS {ia-amWv Nn{X-Øns‚ {]tabw. jq´n-ßn-\n-Sbv°v sl¿tkmKpw In≥kvInbpw \nc-¥cw Ie-ln®p; henb hmt°-‰-ß-fp-≠m-bn. HSp-hn¬ sk‰n¬\n∂v Cd-ßn-t∏m-Im-s\m-cp-ßC - b In≥kvInsb tcmjm-Ip-e-\mbn ssItØm-°pNq≠n sl¿tkmKv Xncn-®p-hn-fn-®p-sh-∂mWv IY. Cu IY sl¿tkmKv Hcn-°epw icn-h® - n-´n-√; \ntj[n-®n-´p-an-√. 1972se AKnsd Z dmØv Hm^v tKmUv, 1979¬ \n¿Ωn® shmsb-kIv, t\mkvs^-dmXp XpSßnb Nn{X-ßƒ, 1987se {_ko-en-b≥ ASn-a-\m-SI-amb tIm{_ sh¿sZ F∂ Nn{Xw ˛ In≥kvInbpw sl¿tkmKpw ]e t{]mP-Iv‰p-If - nepw H∂n-®p. 1991¬ In≥kvIn A¥-cn-®p. F´p h¿j-Øn-\p-tijw 1999¬ In≥kvIn-sb°p-dn®v sl¿tkmKv Xøm-dm-°nb tUmIyp-sa‚dn Nn{X-amWv Fs‚ {]nb-kp-lrØv. Cu Nn{X-Øns‚ P¿Ω≥ t]cv Mein liebster Feind - Klaus Kinski F∂t{X. Fs‚ {]nb-s∏´ i{Xp F∂ A¿∞hpw [z\n-

In≥kvInbpw Nn{X-ie - `- hpw

hnc¬\o-´p-tºmƒ AX-bm-fpsS hnc-en-te°v A\pk- c - W - t bmsS Ib- d n- s ®- √ p- ∂ p; Nn{X- i - e `w Abmsf hn´p-t]m-Im≥ aSn-°p-∂-t]m-se. Xs‚ {]nb-kp-lrØpw Xs∂ G‰hp shdp∏n® a\p-jy-\p-amb B alm-\-S-\p≈ hnem-]-Imhy-amWv sl¿tkm-Kns‚ Fs‚ {]nb-kp-lr-Øv. ""Rßƒ XΩn¬ kvt\lhpw shdp∏pw Ie¿∂ Hcp _‘-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂mWv ]ecpw IcpXp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Rm\-bmsf kvt\ln-®n-´n-√; shdpØn-´p-an-√. ]c-kv]cw _lp-am-\n-°p-tºmgpw Rm\-bm-sfbpw Abm-sf-s∂bpw sIm∂p-If - b - p∂

Imcyw a\- n¬ kzIm-cy-ambn Bkq-{X-Ww-sN-bvXpsIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]t£, ]e-t∏mgpw Abm-sf-\n°v BÀmZw X∂p. F\n°v Fs¥-¶nepw NneXv ]Tn°m≥ km[n-®n-´p≈ A]q¿Δw-t]-cn¬ Hcm-fm-bncp∂p Abmƒ.'' z ˛ \oe≥

In≥kvIn-sb-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬... \nßƒ sNdn-sbmcp Ipń-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ ayqWn°n¬ In≥kvIn-bp-sam-∂n®v Pohn-°m-\n-S-bm-bXv Fß-s\-bmWv? AXv kmμ¿`n-I-ambn kw`-hn-®-Xm-Wv. aq∂p a°sf ]pe¿Øm-\mbn ]mSp-s]-ń-cp∂ Fs‚ AΩ Rßƒ \mep- t ]¿°p- a mbn Hcp t_m¿UnMv lukn¬ apdn Is≠-Øn. ¢mc doØv F∂ Adp]-Ø-©p-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p t_m¿UnMv lukns‚ DS-a. ssUsNbvXv Hmd-©p-\n-d-Øn-em-°nb ImS≥ Xe-ap-Sn-bp≈ hr≤. ]ń-Wn-In-S° - p∂ Iem-Im-c∑ - mtcmSv Ah¿°v A\p-I-º-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iem-Imc-∑m-cpsS IpSpw-_-Øn¬\n-∂mWv Ah¿ h∂-Xv. In≥kvIn A∂p Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp hoSns‚ apI-fnse a®n-em-bn-cp-∂p. Itk-c-Isfm-∂p-an-√mØ Hcp apdn. apdn-\n-dsb aps´-Øpthmfw Icn-bn-eI - f - m-bn-cp-∂p. Xm≥ ]ń-Wn-In-S° - p∂ Hcp Imem-Im-c-\m-sW∂v {]Jym-]n-®p-sIm≠v ]et∏mgpw ]q¿Æ-\-·-\mbn Abm-f-hnsS Np‰n-Øn-cnbp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£, t]mÃvam≥ h∂v s_√-Sn°p-tºmƒ Icn-bn-e-Iƒ hI-™p-am‰n, \·-\m-bn-

101

h∂v Abmƒ aWn- t bm¿U¿ H∏n- ´ p- h m- ß pw. AhnsS hs∂-Ønb Znh-kw-ap-X¬ Abm-sf-√m-hscbpw `b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ c≠p]-Iepw c≠p-cm-{Xnbpw Abmƒ _mØvdq-an¬ AS®n-ń-cp-∂p. 48 aWn-°q¿ t\csØ D∑m-Zm-h-ÿbn¬ Abm-sf√mw X√n-Ø-I¿Øp. _mØvS∫v, tSmbve-‰nse a‰p-]-I-c-W-ßƒ F√mw. Hcmƒ°v CsX√mw Cßs\ X√n-ØI - ¿°m-\m-hp-sa∂v Rm≥ Hcn-°epw Hm¿Øn-ń-√. Abm-fpsS sNdn-ba - p-dn-bn¬ sNdn-sbmcp P\-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp-Zn-hkw Rßsf√mw `£-Ww-Ig- n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Abmƒ hcm-¥-bn-eqsS Hcp {`m¥-s\-t∏mse HmSn-h-∂p. Rm\mZyw tI´Xv hnNn-{X-am-sbmcp i_vZw-am-{X-amWv. ]ns∂ Hcp kvt^mS-\w-t]mse Rß-fpsS hmXn¬ hnPm-Kn-cn-bn-fIn apdn-bn-te°p hoWp. {`m¥s\-t∏mse Abmƒ Ae-dn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. AbmfpsS hmbn¬\n∂v ]X h∂n-cp-∂p. "¢mcm, FSo ]∂o...' F∂-bmƒ Ae-dn. B Ae¿®-bpsS aq¿—bn¬ ssh≥•m-kp-Iƒ DS-™p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Iøn¬ Iptd j¿´p-Iƒ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®ncp-∂p. kwK-Xn-bn-Xm-Wv: Abmƒ°v kuP-\y-ambn InS-∏m-Shpw `£-Whpw sImSp-Øn-cp∂ B ]mhw hr≤ Abm-fpsS j¿ńs‚ tImf-dp-Iƒ Abmƒ°p t_m[n-°p∂{X `wKn-bmbn CkvXn-cn-bn-ń-cp-∂n-√. imkv{Xob ]cn-io-e\w Inńb Hcp \S-\m-bn-cpt∂m In≥kvIn? A√. kzbw F√mw ]Tn® Hcp-h≥. Xs‚

In≥kvIn: "Fs‚ {]nb-kp-lrØv'

sIm®p-ap-dn-bn-en-cp∂v A-bmƒ F´pw ]Øpw aWn°q¿ i_vZ-]-cn-io-e\w \S-Øp-∂Xv Rm≥ tIń-´p≠v. ssZhw t\cn´p sIm≠p-X∂ Ign-hp-I-fp-≈, kz¿§-Øn¬\n∂v t\sc Xmsg `qan-bn-te-°p-hoW Hcp Po\n-b- m-Wp Xms\∂v a‰p-≈-hsc [cn-∏n°m≥ Abmƒ InW™p {ian-®n-cp-∂p. ]t£, Abm-fpsS Ign-hp-Is - f√mw ITn\ ]cn-{i-aØ - n-eqsS AbmƒXs∂ t\Sn-sb-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv. ]Xn-\©p hb p-≈-t∏mƒ Rm≥ Hcp bp≤-hn-cp≤ Nn{X-Øn¬ In≥kvInsb I≠n-´p-≠v. kvIqƒIp-ń-Isf bp≤°-f-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂ e^v‰\‚ns‚ tdmfm-bn-cp∂p In≥kvIn-°v. Ipń-Ifpw Ah-cpsS AΩ-amcpw ssk\n-Is - cmØv Ipd-®p-t\cw Dd-ßm≥ InS-°p-∂p. t\cw-sh-fp-°p-tºmƒ In≥kvInsb Hcmƒ hnfn-®p-W¿Øp-∂p. Abmƒ Dd-°a - p-Wcp∂ B Zriyw Ct∏mgpw Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬\n∂v am™nń-√. In≥kvIn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Fs‚ {]nb-kp-lrØv F∂ Nn{X-Øn¬ Cu cwKw Rm≥ ]e-X-hW D]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu Nn{Xw Hcp \Ss‚ Poh-N-cn-{X-a√; Abm-sf°p-dn-®p≈ kpJ-kva-c-W-bp-a-√. Xm¶-sf-ß-s\bmWv Cu Nn{XsØ ImWp-∂Xv? Fs‚ {]nb-kp-lrØv In≥kvIn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈- Nn{Xa√; Fs∂-°p-dn-®p-≈-Xp-a-√. Rßƒ°nS-bnse Akm-[m-c-W-amb sXmgn¬_-‘-sØ-°pdn-®m-WX - v. AXn-ep-]t- bm-Kn® A`n-ap-Jß - ƒ ˛ Cuh am‰kpw t¢mUnbm Im¿Un- t \- e p- a m- b p≈

102

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv A`napJß-fmWv Rm\p-t±-in-°p-∂Xv ˛ hfsc IrXy- a mbn, {i≤- t bmsS πm≥sN- b v X - h - b m- W v . In≥kvIn-sb-°p-dn®v òI-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ ]d-bm\p≈ Hcp-]m-Sp-t]sc F\n°p In´p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£, Abm-fpsS kz`m-h-Øns‚ adp-hiw ImWn°m-\m-bn-cp∂p F\n-°n-jvSw. ên-Xhpw kvt\tlmjva-f-Xbpw Imcp-Wyhpw \nd™ adp-hiw. sX√pssdUv Ne-®n-t{Xm-’-h-Øn¬ Fs∂ In≥kvInsIń-∏n-Sn-°p∂ Zriyw B Nn{X-Øn¬ tN¿°m≥ Ign-™p-sh-∂Xv `mKy-am-Wv. B ^qt´Pn-√m-bn-cps∂-¶n¬ Rßƒ XΩn-ep≈ kvt\tlm-jvaf - _ - ‘ - Øn\v sXfn-hn-√msXt]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. kn\n-a° - m¿ sImSp-°p∂ {]Xn-^-e-sØ-∏‰n Abm-sf∂pw ]cmXn-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. Iptdm-kmh, s^√n-\n, ]mtkm-fn\n F∂n-h¿ Abmsf A`n-\-bn-°m≥ £Wn-®n-´p-≠v. "Ah-‰-sbm∂pw Imip-X-cn-s√tSm' F∂pw ]d™v Abmƒ B £W-ß-sf√mw \nc-kn-®p. F∂n´pw Fs‚ Zcn-{Z-Nn-{X-ß-fn¬ Abm-f-`n-\-bn-®p. taev]d™ alm-kw-hn-[m-b-I¿ Abmƒ°v sImSp-°pam-bn-cp∂ {]Xn-^-e-tØ-°mƒ Xptemw Xp—-amb {]Xn-^-e-Øn\v! In≥kvIn°v Rm\p-am-bp-≠m-bncp∂ ]c-kv]-c-[m-cW ]W-Øn\pw aosX-bm-bn-cp∂p-sh∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ Nn{X-ßsf shdp-°p-∂p-sh∂v Abmƒ s]mXp-th-Zn-I-fn¬ ]d™p-\-S-∂p. ]t£, kzIm-cy-kw-`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ Abmƒ B Nn{X-ß-sf-°p-dn®v aXn∏p ]d-™p. z Herzog on Herzog, Ed. Paul Cronin, Faber and Faber, London 2002

Imcy-an-√m-ØX - ns\ Iog-S° - ¬

a- t km¨ ImSp- I - f n¬ ^n‰v k v I dmƒtUmhns‚ AXn-km-l-kn-I-amb Nn{Xo-I-c-Wk-a-b-Øp-≠mb (1982) AXn-e-fn-Xhpw AXn-tesd km[m- c - W - h p- a mb A\p- ` - h - ß - s f- ° p- d n- ® p≈ sIm®p Ipdn-∏p-I-fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv sl¿tkmKns‚ tIm¨IzÃv Hm^v Z bqkvse v*. Hcp tPWens‚ cq]-Øn-emWv CXv Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Cu‰vkv lnkv jq F∂ Nn{XØnse A`n-ap-J-Øn¬ sl¿tkmKv ]d-bp-∂p: ""\ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-Øn\v Bh-iy-ap-≈{X Zriy_nw-_-ßƒ/Cta-Pp-Iƒ C√mXm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CtaPp-I-fpsS ]pXn-sbmcp hymI-c-W-ap-≠m-°m\mWv Rm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv. AXp km[n-®n-s√-¶n¬ Znt\mkm-dp-I-sf-t∏mse \Ωfpw Cu `qhn-`m-K-Øp-\n∂v A{]- X y- £ - c m- I pw.'' Iyma- d - s Im≠p am{X- a - √ , hm°p-sIm≠pw Cta-Pp-If - psS ]pXnb hymI-cWw

D≠m-°m-≥ sl¿tkmKv {ian-°p-∂p. At±-l-sagp-Xnb IrXn-Iƒ anI® sXfn-hm-WnXn\v. tImÏz-Ãv Hm^v Z bqkvse n¬\n∂v Nne `mK-ßƒ: z Imń¬ Hcp ^m≥kn hn√-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ P\¬ s]mfn®v Rm\-I-Øp-I-S-∂p. B hoń¬ sNdp-∏-°m-cn-bmb s]Ïp-ń-bp-tS-sX∂p tXm∂n-∏n® apdn-bn¬ Rm≥ c≠p-Zn-hkw Ign-®p-

104

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv Iq-ń. Ah-fpsS InS-°-bn¬ ]mh-°p-ń-I-fp-≠m-bncp∂p; Npa-cn¬ tdm°v Kmb-I-cpsS t]mÃ-dp-I-fpw. hf-cm≥Xp-S-ßnb sNdnb ape-Iƒ°p≈ sIm®p {_m Ah- f psS XpWn- I ƒ°n- S - b n¬. hoSns‚ XmgsØ \ne-bn¬ Hcp Aemw-t¢m°v kPo-h-ambn-cp-∂p. ho´p-Im¿ t]mbn´v A[n-I-Im-e-am-bn-ńs√∂v B t¢m°v ]d™p. Ch-sc-t∏mƒ Xncn-®ph-cp-sa∂Xns‚ kqN-\-Iƒ°mbn Rm≥ hoSp-apgp-h≥ aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw ]cn-tim-[n-®p. thÃv_mkvI-‰nse Ah-km-\sØ ]{X-Øns‚ Xob-Xn, hmXn-ep-Iƒ F{X apdpIn AS-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv, tcJm-aq-e-ap≈ Fgp-Øp-Itfm at‰m, d{^n-P-td‰-dn¬ `£-Ws - a{X _m°n. d{^n-Pt- d-‰d- n¬ ap´-Ifpw ]mepw ]®-°-dn-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CsX√mw Dt]£n-®p-t]m-Ip∂ Hcmƒ aS-ßn-h-cm≥ sshIn-√. BZysØ k‘y-bn¬ s]s´∂v t^m¨ s_√-Sn°m≥ XpS-ßn. AsXs∂ h√msX `b-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]mXn-hkv{Xw [cnt® Rm\p-d-ßn-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. jqkv sXm´-Sp-Øp-Xs∂ kq£n®p; Ah s]s´∂-Wn™v c£-s∏-Sm≥th-≠n. c≠mw cm{Xn-bn¬ kabw ]Xn-s\m-∂m-bn-°mWpw. Rm≥ \√ Dd-°Øn-em-Wv. Imń¬ k‘y-bv°p-aptº Ccp´v ]c°p- s a- ¶ nepw hnf- ° p- I - s fm∂pw IØn- ° m≥ F\n°p ss[cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. s]s´∂v hońse hnf-°p-Is - f√mw IØn. ]pdØv kwkm-ci - _ - vZß - ƒ tIƒ°m≥ XpS-ßn. Im¿sj-Õns‚ hmXn¬ Xpd°p∂ i_vZw. Fs‚ apdn Im¿sj-Õn\p apI-fnem-bn-cp-∂p. Xmsg Bscm-s°tbm D≠v. P\-eneqsS NmSn Im¿sj-Õns‚ ta¬°q-c-bn-eqsS c£s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bn-√. tImWn NmSn-bn-d-ßm\pw hø.

t]Sn-sIm≠v izmkw-ap-´p-∂p. Rm≥ apdn-bpsS hmXn¬ AI-Øp-\n∂v ]qń. Ipd-®p-I-gn-™-t∏mƒ hmXn-ens‚ ]nSn-bn-f°n Xpd-°m≥ Btcm {ian®p. "AtΩ, \nß-sfs‚ apdn ]qń-bn-cpt∂m? BcmsWs‚ apdn ]qń- b Xv ? ' A∏p- d - Ø p- \ n∂v Hcp s]Ïpń tNmZn- ® p. Im¿sj- Õ nse Bƒkwkmcw \ne-®n-cp-∂p. Hcmƒ tImWn-I-b-dn-h-cp∂ i_vZw tIƒ°mw. apdn-bnse P\-en-eqsS, Im¿sjÕns‚ ta¬°q-c-bn-eqsS Rm≥ ]pdØpNmSn. sN∂p-ho-WXv ]qt¥m-´-Øn¬. ASpØhońse aXn¬Nm-Sn. XWpØ sh≈w C‰p-ho-gp∂ Hcp henb ac-Øns‚ Nph-ń-emWv Rms\-Øn-s∏-´-Xv. Ipd-®p-t\cw A\-ßmsX, an≠msX Rm≥ AhnsS-\n-∂p. ]ns∂ c£-s∏-´p.

z s]s´∂v tSmbve‰v t]∏¿ Xo¿∂p. tÃm°n√. DSs\ jqńMv kwL-Ønse F√m-hcpsSbpw Dt∑jw Dƒh-en™p!. z Rms\s‚ tkmIvkv ]pg-bn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn Igp-Im-dmWp ]Xn-hv. hmjn-Mvsa-jo-\n-en-´m¬ Ah hnNn-{X-ambn A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. z Rß-fpsS Np‰pw IqSnb BZn-hm-kn-°p-ńIƒ°v tjIvlm≥Uv F∂ A`n-hm-Z-\-ssien A⁄m-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. tjIvlm≥Uv sImSp-°m≥ {ian°ptºmƒ Ah¿ Xß-fpsS sIm®p-ap-jvSn-Iƒ Rß-fpsS t\sc \oń. AX-s√-¶n¬ hnc¬Øpºp-Iƒ \oń. z BZn- h m- k n- ° p- ´ n- I ƒ Rß- f psS amdm∏n¬\n∂v Hcp HmUn-tbm-tS∏v Xń-sb-Sp-Øp. AhcXv c≠p ac-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ hen-®p-sI-ń. Im‰p-h-∂t∏mƒ B tS∏v aqfm\pw ]mSm\pw XpS-ßn. z Fs‚ apjn-Øp-Wn-°q-ºm-c-Øn¬ AXm

Hcp \nim-ie - `- w. Fs‚ hnb¿∏ns‚ D∏v \°n ckn°p-I-bm-W-h≥. z Ipfn-ap-dn-bnse tkm∏v AXn-thKw Aen-bp∂-Xmbn tXm∂n. Znh-khpw hs∂-Øp∂ Hcp IqdAXv Xn∂p-Xo¿°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p; temIw Ah-km\n-®m¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂Xv Xm≥ am{X-am-bn-cn°pw F∂ `mh-am-bn-cp∂p AXn-\v. z k‘ybv°v Rms\mcp ]pkvXIw hmbn°m≥ {ian-®p. A{X-ta¬ GIIn-X-bm-bn-cp∂p F\n°v. ]t£, B ]pkvXIw Fs∂ klm-bn-®n√. HSp-hn¬ Hcp a¨shń ISw-hmßn Imń-sem-cnSØv Rm≥ B ]pkvX-Iw Ipgn-®n-´p. z A⁄m-X-\mb Bcp-sStbm hoń¬ Ign®p-Iqń ka-bw-I-f™ H∂p-t]m-se-bn-cn-°p∂p Fs‚ Pohn-Xw. z Werner Herzog, Conquest of the Useless, HarperCollins, UK

106

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv

\μn Writing is a lonely profession, it is not romantic, it is a hard grind, a daily grind and anyone who succeeds in filling up a pge is a hero. It is rather like the man who kept banging his head against the wall and, when asked why he did so, replied 'it's so lovely when I stop'. * -Laurence Olivier F˛4 hep∏-Øn-ep≈ iq\y-amb sh≈-°-S-em-kns‚ kln-°m-\m-hØ Xpdn-®p-t\m-´-sØ-°p-dn®pw Heohn-b¿ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. sh≈-tb-°mƒ sh≈-bmb Xpdn-®p-t\m-´w. FgpØv Ffp-∏-a√. F∂n´pw ASq¿kmdpw Fs‚ kplr-Øp-°fpw CX-{Xbpw ka-b-Øn-s\m-∏n®v Fgp-Xn-Ø-∂p. Imcy-a-dn-bm-hp-∂-hs‚ Ipc kln-°m≥ Ffp-∏-a-s√-¶nepw Ah-¿ Fs∂ kln®v kl-Icn-®p. CXnse Fgp-Øp-Im¿s°√mw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Cu kwcw`w A{X-ta¬ IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. F√m L´-ßfnepw t{]m’m-ln-∏n® Ne-®n{X A°m-Zan sNb¿am≥ sI.-B¿ taml-\≥, sk{I-´dn tUm. sI.-F-kv. {ioIp-am¿, s^Ãn-hens‚ B¿´n-ÃnIv Ub-d-IvS¿ _o\m t]mƒ, sI´pw a´pw Bhn-jvIcn-°p-Ibpw at\m-l-c-ambn {]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hmkp-tZ-h -`-´-Xn-cn- ˛ Ch-tcm-sS-√map≠v IS∏mtSsd. sl¿tkm-sK∂ Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-s\bpw AXn-hn-Nn-{X-amb a\x-ssÿ-cy-ap≈ B a\p-jy-s\bpw AIw]pdw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc a\- n-em-°m≥ Cu At\z-jWw klm-bn-®p-. hmb-\-°m¿°pw Cu sl¿tkm-K\p-`hw D≠mIpsa∂ hnizm-k-tØm-sS, \μn-tbm-sS...

\oe≥ No^v FIvkn-Iyp-´nhv FUn-‰¿ AarX Snhn Km‘n-\-K¿ hgp-X-°mSv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 014 neelanpremji@yahoo.co.in, neelan.premji01@gmail.com

_________________ *Laurence Olivier, On Acting, Sceptre Books, 1989

sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv : Pohn-Xt- cJ

¿tkm- K ns‚ HutZym- K nI sh_vssk-‰n¬ (www.wernerherzog.com)sImSpØn- ´ p≈ Pohn- X - t cJm Ipdn∏v C{X- a m{Xw: ""sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv (b-Ym¿∞ t]cv sh¿W¿ F®v. Ãns]-‰n-Iv) 1942 sk]vXw-_¿ 4\v ayqWn-°n¬ P\n- ® p. _th- d nb F∂ ae- t bmc{Kma- Ø n¬ hf¿∂p. Ip´n-°m-eØv Abmƒ kn\n-atbm sSenhn-jt\m sSe-t^mtWm I≠n-´n-√. ]Xn-\memw hb n¬ Im¬\-S-bm-{X-Iƒ XpS-ßn. BZy-ambn sSet^m¨ hnfn- ® Xv ]Xn- t \gmw hb- n¬. sslkvIqƒ ]T-\I - m-eØv Hcp Ão¬ ^mIvSd- n-bn¬ sh¬U-dmbn ss\‰vjn-^v‰n¬ tPmen-sN-bvXp. BZy Ne- ® n{Xw \n¿Ωn- ° m- \ p≈ ]W- a p- ≠ m- ° n- b Xv Aß-s\. 1961¬ ]sØm-ºXmw hb- n¬ BZyNn{Xw kzbw \n¿Ωn®v kwhn-[m-\w-sN-bvXp. ]n∂oSv Aº- X n- t esd Nn{X- ß fpsS \n¿ΩmXmhv , Xnc°YmIrØv, kwhn-[mbI≥. Hcp Uk-\n-tesd ]pkvXI - ß - ƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. A{X-Xs∂ Hms∏-dI - fpw kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v.''

sl¿tkm-Kns‚ Cu sNdp-Ip-dn-∏n-\-∏pdw B PohnXw Cß-s\: _th-dn-b-bn¬ IpSpw_w A\mYhpw Zcn-{Z-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp tPmen-bnepw Ipd®p-Imew ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m-\m-hmØ A—≥ IpSpw_w t]m‰p-∂-Xn¬ Atº ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. HSp-hn¬ AΩ hnhm- l - t am- N \w t\Sn. ]t£, Ipń- b mb sh¿W¿°v F√m-°m-ehpw A—-\p-ambn AXn-Kwò-c-amb ASp-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. bptKm-…m-hn-b-°mcn- b mb AΩbv ° pw c≠p ktlm- Z - c - ∑ m¿°psam∏w sh¿W¿ ayqWn- ° n- t e°v IpSn- t b- d n∏m¿ØXv ]Xn-s\m∂mw hb- n-em-Wv. ]Tn-∏n¬ henb anSp-°-\-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw hfsc Ipń-°m-e-Øp-Xs∂ Xnc-°-Ym-c-N-\-bnepw Ihn-Xb - nepw Iº-ap-≈h - \ - m-bn-cp∂p sh¿W¿. ]Xnt\gmw hb- n¬ sh¿W¿ Xs‚ Hcp Xnc-°Y Hcp P¿Ω≥ Ne-®n{X \n¿Ωm-Xm-hn\v ka¿∏n-®p. kn\n-a-sb-Sp-°m≥ Abm-fp-ambn Icm-dp-≠m-°n. ]t£, sN°\v hb v ]Xn-t\tg Bbn-´p-≈p-sh-

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sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv ∂-dn-™-t∏mƒ \n¿Ωm-Xmhv Icmdv Iodn Ip´-bn-en´p. kz¥w kn\n-a-sb-Sp-°m≥ kz¥-ambn ]W-ap≠m-°-W-sa∂v B ]ø≥ A∂p a\- n-em-°n. Ão¬ ^mIvSd- n-bn¬ cm{Xn F´p-ap-X¬ cmhnse Bdphsc ]Wn- s b- S pØv Abmƒ ]W- a p- ≠ m- ° n. kvIqfn¬ ¢mkvap-dn-bn-en-cp∂v Dd-°w-Xq-ßn. 1962¬ ayqWn°v bqWn-sh-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ Ncn{X/ kmlnXy hnZym¿∞n-bmbn tNcp-∂-Xn\p apºpXs∂ sl¿tkmKv Xs‚ BZy-Nn{Xw \n¿Ωn®v kwhn-[m-\w-sN-bvXn-cp-∂p. 20 an\n-‰p≈ sldm-¢kv BWv A∂v ]sØm-ºXp hb- p≈ sh¿W-dpsS BZy-Nn-{Xw. 1964¬ sKbnw C≥ Z km≥Uv, 1966¬ Z A¨{]n-kn-U‚Uv Un^≥kv Hm^v t^m¿{Skv Hm^v Uyqjv { Ijv F∂o Nn{X- ß ƒ. ^nenw kvIqfn¬ tNcpIsb∂ Bi-b-tØmSv Abmƒ tbmPn-®n-√. Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn¬\n-∂mWv, ¢mkvdqan¬\n-∂-√, kn\n-am-\n¿ΩmWw ]Tn-t°-≠-sX∂v Abmƒ hniz-kn-®p. 1963¬ sh¿W¿ sl¿tkmKv ^nenw s{]mU-£≥ F∂ t]cn¬ kz¥w Ne-®n{X-\n¿ΩmW Iº-\n-bp-≠m-°n. Xm\p-≠m-°p∂ F√m Nn{X-ßƒ°p-taepw sl¿tkmKv Aßs\ kmº-Øn-I-kzm-X{¥yw t\Sn. Ae-™p-\-S-°m-\p≈ B{Klw Abmƒ°v F∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 1965¬ ]n‰vkv_¿Kv bqWn-shgvkn-‰n-bn¬\n∂v kvtImf¿jn∏p t\Snb sl¿tkmKv Ata-cn-°-bn-te°v IpSn-tb-dn. AhnsS Hcp sSenhn-j≥ tI{μ-Øn¬ Ata-cn-°≥ iq\ym-Imi Kthj-W-ÿm-]-\-amb \mk-bv°p-th≠n {lkz-Nn-{Xßƒ \n¿Ωn- ° p∂ ]Wn- s N- b v X p. Pohn- ° m≥ th≠{X ]W- a n- √ m- Ø - X n- \ m¬ saIv k n- ° ≥

AXn¿Øn-bn-eqsS sSen-hn-j≥sk-‰p-Iƒ I≈-°SØp \S-Øp∂ kwL-Ønepw ]Wn-sb-Sp-Øp. 1967¬ Hm_¿tlm-k≥ Ne-®n-{X-ta-fb - n¬ sl¿tkmKns‚ emÃv thUvkv F∂ {lkz-Nn{Xw anI® Nn{X-am-bn. Ahn-sS-\n∂v {Ko°v Zzo]p-If - n-te°v IpSntb-dnb sl¿tkmKv 1968¬ Xs‚ BZy -I-Ym-Nn{Xw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n ˛ Z ssk≥kv Hm^v sse^v. \hmK-X-kw-hn-[m-b-Is‚ anI-®-Nn-{X-Øn-\p≈ P¿Ω≥ tZiob ^nenw Ahm¿Uv ssk≥kv Hm^v sse^v t\Sn. Cu Nn{Xw \yqtbm¿°v Ne-®n-t{Xm-’h - Ø - nte°pw sXc- s ™- S p- ° - s ∏- ´ p. ]n∂o- S - t ßm´v tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-I-f-S°w Aº-Xn-tesd Nn{X-ßƒ, Hcp-]mSv Ahm¿Up-Iƒ, hnhm-Zß - ƒ, Inwh-Z¥ - n-Iƒ, hmt°-‰ß - ƒ. Adp-]s - Ø´mw hb- nepw sh¿W¿ sl¿tkm-Kns\ CsX√mw Ct∏mgpw ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p. Cbm-sfmcp ]nim-Nm-sW∂pw ]nSn-In-´m-∏p-≈n-bmsW∂pw Indp- ° - \ m- s W∂pw F∂pw F∂pw F∂pw... z

Ne-®n{X-tcJ Director Credits My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? (2010) Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009) Encounters at the End of the World (2008) Cobra Verde (2007) Rescue Dawn (2007) The Wild Blue Yonder (2006)

Grizzly Man (2005) White Diamond (2003) Invincible (2002) Little Dieter Needs to Fly (1998) Lessons of Darkness (1995) Herdsmen of the Sun (1991) Schrei aus Stein (1991) Echos Aus Einem Dusteren Reich (1990) Gasherbrum - Der leuchtende Berg (1985) Wo die grunen Ameisen traumen (1985) Ballade vom kleinen Soldaten (1984) Fitzcarraldo (1982) Glaube und Wahrung (1980) Huie's Predigt (1980) Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979) Woyzeck (1979) Fata Morgana (1978) La Soufriere (1977) Stroszek (1977) Herz aus Glas (1976) How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (1976) Mit mir will keiner spielen (1976) Every Man for Himself and God Against All (1975) Die Grosse Ekstase des Bildschnitzers Steiner (1974) The Mystery of Kaspar Hauser (1974) Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1973) Land des Schweigens und der Dunkelheit (1971) Auch Zwerge Haben Klein Angefangen (1970) Behinderte Zukunft (1970) Signs of Life (1968) Herakles (1962) Actor Credits Futurestates (2010)

40X15: Forty Years of the Directors Fortnight (2008) Encounters at the End of the World (2008) Mister Lonely (2008) Pierre Rissient: Man of Cinema (2008) The Grand (2008) Walking to Werner (2007) Grizzly Man (2005) Incident at Loch Ness (2004) White Diamond (2003) julien donkey-boy (1999) Little Dieter Needs to Fly (1998) What Dreams May Come (1998) Lessons of Darkness (1995) The Night of the Film-Makers (1995) Gekauftes Gluck (1989) Hard to Be a God (1989) Lightning Over Braddock: A Rustbowl Fantasy (1989) Tokyo-Ga (1985) Ballade vom kleinen Soldaten (1984) Chambre 666 (1984) Man of Flowers (1983) Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe (1980) Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979) Was Ich Bin, Sind Meine Filme (1978) Herz aus Glas (1976) Signs of Life (1968) Herzog in Wonderland Producer Credits My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? (2010) Rescue Dawn (2007) Incident at Loch Ness (2004) White Diamond (2003) Invincible (2002) Little Dieter Needs to Fly (1998)

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sh多W多 sl多tkmKv

Lessons of Darkness (1995) Echos Aus Einem Dusteren Reich (1990) Gasherbrum -- Der leuchtende Berg (1985) Ballade vom kleinen Soldaten (1984) Fitzcarraldo (1982) Huie's Predigt (1980) Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979) Woyzeck (1979) Fata Morgana (1978) La Soufriere (1977) Stroszek (1977) Herz aus Glas (1976) How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (1976) Mit mir will keiner spielen (1976) Die Grosse Ekstase des Bildschnitzers Steiner (1974) The Mystery of Kaspar Hauser (1974) Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1973) Land des Schweigens und der Dunkelheit (1971) Auch Zwerge Haben Klein Angefangen (1970) Behinderte Zukunft (1970) Signs of Life (1968) Herakles (1962) Screenplay Credits My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? (2010) Encounters at the End of the World (2008) Cobra Verde (2007) Rescue Dawn (2007) The Wild Blue Yonder (2006) Invincible (2002) Little Dieter Needs to Fly (1998) Lessons of Darkness (1995) Gasherbrum -- Der leuchtende Berg (1985) Wo die grunen Ameisen traumen (1985) Ballade vom kleinen Soldaten (1984)

Fitzcarraldo (1982) Glaube und Wahrung (1980) Huie's Predigt (1980) Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979) Woyzeck (1979) Fata Morgana (1978) Stroszek (1977) Herz aus Glas (1976) How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (1976) Mit mir will keiner spielen (1976) Die Grosse Ekstase des Bildschnitzers Steiner (1974) The Mystery of Kaspar Hauser (1974) Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1973) Land des Schweigens und der Dunkelheit (1971) Auch Zwerge Haben Klein Angefangen (1970) Behinderte Zukunft (1970) Signs of Life (1968) Herakles (1962) Camera, Film & Tape Credits Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009) Iguana/ Alligator Editor Credits Herakles (1962) Music Credits Auch Zwerge Haben Klein Angefangen (1970) music adaptation Other Credits La Soufriere (1977) English narrative text

Sound Credits Encounters at the End of the World (2008) Fata Morgana (1978) La Soufriere (1977) How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (1976) Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1973) Land des Schweigens und der Dunkelheit (1971) Behinderte Zukunft (1970) Herakles (1962)