Comprehensive Clean Air Action Plan for the City of Patna
Control measure 2: Introduction of technologies that use cleaner fuel Industries using traditional/old technology are urged to switch to the latest technology, as per the government regulations. At present, 22 industries in Patna fall under the red category (CPCB, 2016). The furnace used by the metal fabrication industry uses coal as the primary fuel. Shifting from coal-based furnaces to electric or gas-based furnaces will help reduce emissions. Therefore, it is recommend that the industries switch to cleaner fuels. Gas-fired cupola furnaces, induction furnaces, and rotary furnaces cost around INR 46 lakh, INR 30 lakh, and INR 10 lakh respectively (Sodhganga, 2009). The casting cost per kg of each furnace technology is around INR 30. Industry owners can switch to any of the abovementioned furnace technologies to reduce coal use. The cost of conversion to advanced furnaces should be borne by industry owners. If all the industries in Patna shift to either CNG or electric, 1,125 and 1,389 lives will be saved respectively.
5.3
Sector: Solid waste management
Control measure: Installation of composting plants at city level, recycling centres for dry waste & waste to energy (W2E) plants Patna produced around 900 tonnes of solid waste per day in 2018. Considering the population growth and per capita waste generation, the city will produce around 2,000 TPD of waste by 2030. Key Considerations:
Per capita waste generation and waste composition to remain constant Patna’s segregation levels to reach 70% by 2030 A W2E plant of 1,000 TPD capacity to be operational by 2021 It is assumed that setting up a proper solid waste management plan will reduce the solid-waste burning practices in Patna A composting plant of 200 TPD capacity will be installed every fourth year and an additional capacity of 100 TPD will be installed in 2027 Dry waste collection centres of 10 TPD capacity will be installed every fourth year
Campaigns detailing on the benefits of waste segregation at household level along with financial incentives and strict regulation could result in 35% of households segregating their waste. Capacities of composting plants and dry waste collection centres required were determined by considering the waste segregation level, the collection efficiency, and the projected waste generated per year. Several composting technologies like vermicomposting, aerated stack-pile composting, and invessel composting aa re currently available in the market. However, considering the amount of waste generated in Patna, the most efficient composting technology to adopt would be windrow. Around 10% of the waste generated is dry waste, which makes the introduction of dry waste collection centres vital. Table 16 presents the total cost incurred under this scenario.
46
