5.3 Sector: Solid waste management

Control measure 2: Introduction of technologies that use cleaner fuel

Industries usingtraditional/oldtechnology areurged to switch to the latest technology,as per the government regulations. At present, 22 industries in Patna fall under the red category (CPCB, 2016). Thefurnaceused bythemetal fabrication industry uses coal astheprimaryfuel. Shifting from coal-basedfurnacesto electric or gas-based furnaces will help reduceemissions. Therefore,it is recommend that the industries switch to cleaner fuels.

Gas-fired cupola furnaces, induction furnaces, and rotary furnacescost around INR 46 lakh, INR30 lakh,and INR10 lakhrespectively (Sodhganga, 2009).The casting cost per kg of each furnace technology is around INR 30. Industry owners can switch to any of the abovementionedfurnace technologiesto reduce coaluse. The cost ofconversion to advanced furnaces shouldbeborne by industry owners.Ifall the industries in Patna shift to either CNG or electric,1,125 and 1,389 lives will be saved respectively.

5.3 Sector: Solid waste management

Control measure: Installation of composting plants at city level, recycling centres for dry waste & waste to energy (W2E) plants

Patna producedaround 900 tonnesof solid waste per dayin 2018.Considering the population growth and per capita waste generation, the citywill producearound 2,000 TPD of waste by 2030.

Key Considerations:  Per capita waste generationandwaste composition to remain constant  Patna’s segregation levelsto reach70% by 2030  A W2E plant of 1,000TPD capacity tobe operational by2021  It is assumed that setting up a proper solid waste management plan will reduce the solid-waste burning practices in Patna  A composting plant of 200 TPD capacity will be installed every fourth year and an additional capacity of 100 TPD will be installed in 2027  Dry waste collection centresof 10 TPD capacity will be installed every fourth year

Campaigns detailing on the benefits of waste segregation at household level along with financial incentives andstrict regulationcould result in35% of householdssegregating their waste.

Capacities of composting plants and dry waste collection centres requiredwere determined by consideringthe waste segregation level, the collection efficiency,and the projected waste generated peryear.

Several composting technologieslike vermicomposting, aerated stack-pile composting, and invessel compostingaa re currently available in the market.However,considering the amount of waste generated in Patna, the most efficient composting technology to adopt would be windrow. Around 10% of the waste generated isdry waste, which makes the introduction of dry waste collection centres vital.Table 16presents the total cost incurred under this scenario.