4.
Transport Regulator-International Case Studies
An international comparison of cities provides examples of existing successful regulatory mechanisms and best practices that may be applicable in the Indian context. The following criteria were used to select cities for the case studies: • • • • •
Cities with multi-modal public transportation Existence of urban transport regulator Variety in the following factors- geography, public vs private transport service providers, mode of regulation High rates of public transport usage Availability of information in English, or responsiveness of regulator to the survey questionnaire
Box 1. Transport Regulators in the USA The following are well-known examples of transportation service providers in US cities: Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is a rapid transit public transportation system serving the San Francisco Bay Area in California. BART runs five rapid transit rail systems and provides connectivity to bus systems. Washington Metro runs metro trains and buses in the Washington DC metropolitan area, which includes areas in the neighbouring states of Virginia and Maryland. TriMet (Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon) is a public agency operating metros and buses in the Portland metropolitan area. Trimet was created under a 1969 legislation and currently runs metro lines, light rail, buses and plans to run BRT services. In all these cases, the organizations provide unified ticketing and transportation services. However, neither these organisations nor others at the city level act as independent regulators carrying out licensing, fare setting, setting service levels, monitoring compliance, promoting competition and providing grievance redressal.
Based on the available data and survey responses, case studies have been developed for the following cities/ regions: •
Paris, France
Urban Mobility Regulatory Environment in India
32
