• • •
London, UK Hong Kong, SAR China New Zealand
Data for the case studies is from publicly available sources and survey responses by the urban transport regulators (attached in Annexure I). The sections below contain the following information on the cities:
• • • • • • •
Population, number of commuters and share of public transportation Transport service providers Regulator- evolution of regulator, role, funding Unified ticketing, consumer grievance redressal Tariff-setting mechanism Key takeaways from each case study Summary and comparison of regions
4.1
Paris
Paris city is in Île-de-France, also known as the Parisian region, which has a population of over 12 million and covers 12,000 sq. km. The major public transport sector players in Paris are: Île-de-France Mobilités (ÎDF Mobilités)- formerly known as STIF- controls and coordinates the different transport companies operating in the Paris region. IDF has service contracts with private bus operators, RATP and SNCF (RATP 2003). RATP- Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (Autonomous Operator of Parisian Transport) is a publicly owned transport company. SNCF- Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (French National Railway Company) is the country’s state-owned railway company. OPTILE- Federation of private bus companies that provide bus services in outer ring of suburbs. Table 4 Overview of transportation services used in Paris
Mode of transport
Operator
Urban Mobility Regulatory Environment in India
Features
33
