Hence, TfL is both a service provider and a regulator. In September 2017, TfL withdrew the license to operate for UBER within London, on the grounds of public safety. In 2018, the courts allowed UBER to operate for 15 months, after it meets certain conditions, including those required by TfL. Findings 1. London’s public transportation has a single entity providing services, setting fares and unified ticketing 2. TfL is the operator of all public transport services and regulator for private transport services 3. TfL is under the control of the city’s local Government 4. Its funding sources include fares, grants and other charges 5. TfL provides the public transportation services and applies a congestion charge in certain areas to people who use private transportation
4.3
Hong Kong
Hong Kong handles 12.7 million people on public transport every day (2017). The population in Hong Kong is approximately 7.4 million. Over 90% of the passenger journeys are made on public transport. Hong Kong has a multi-modal public transport system, comprising: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)
Mass Transit Railway (accounts for 42% of daily journeys in Hong Kong) Franchised Buses (31%) Public Light Buses (14%) Taxi (7%) Non-franchised buses (3%) Tramway (1%) Ferries (1%)
All these public transport services are operated by the private sector and are authorized and regulated by the Transport Department through granting franchise or license to the operators. Regulator The Commissioner for Transport is the head of the Transport Department, assisted by 2 Deputy Commissioners specializing in “Transport Services & Management” and “Planning and Technical Services” respectively. The function and duties of the Department are as follows: i. ii. iii. iv.
Administration and Licensing Branch Bus and Railway Branch Management and Paratransit Branch Urban Regional Offices
Urban Mobility Regulatory Environment in India
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