Moreover, once militants started
War II, more people have been killed
resorting to armed activities, it
and displaced in internal conflicts than
Regrettably, the international
did not mean that they ceased
in all international conflicts combined.
community does not have a well-founded
their engagement on the other
Moreover, there are similarities between
standard for dealing with crises effectively
fronts.41
armed conflicts and renewable conflicts.
around the world—specifically in the Middle
International participation in internal
The Middle East, for example, is one of
East, Africa, and Eastern Europe. As a result,
conflicts has increased sharply since
the most volatile regions in the world in
refugee outflows have increased dramatically
the September 11, 2001 attack in the
this regard.
as a direct consequence of ongoing global
United States. Many countries have
—————————————————
conflicts. As a matter of fact, governments
further understand the connection between
Scholars have defined and divided armed conflicts into internal and international conflicts based on their natures and the parties within them.
terrorism and armed conflicts:
—————————————————
been involved in the Afghani, Iraqi, and Syrian conflicts.42 To date, there has been a decline in the number of armed conflicts. However, terrorism for political purposes has become an ever-growing phenomenon. To
Outflows
still hold a leading role in refugee and migration issues. However, States are the most essential actors in ensuring that refugees are allowed to return to their homelands or that internally displaced migrants return to their homes to continue with their daily routines.44
The current concern about
Volatile situations in failed States
There is a strong connection between
terrorism warrants a discussion
trigger more conflicts because armed
war and refugees, and all countries have
on the links to armed conflict
conflict is the last resort after the
experienced war. Currently, the major sources
as reported here. First, terror is
failure of political efforts to end State
of refugees are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq,
part of armed conflict, as any
crackdowns against civilians, racial
Syria, Somalia, and the Balkan countries. In
armed conflict includes a form
groups, or minorities. The circle of
addition, there is a firm link between refugee
of terrorization of the population
ongoing turmoil and chaos these
outflows and human-rights violations. A
and of the opponent that is built
countries have to handle as a result of
tremendous number of refugees around the
into the use of weapons and forms
unsuccessful approaches to deal with
world belong to countries in the Middle East
part of the strategy. However, this
current issues and reach satisfactory
and Northern Africa region (“MENA”) as a
is not the same as terrorism. For
political settlements compounds these
result of the repressive nature of these States.
instance, in a large number of
crises.
Meanwhile, countries in the same region with
the armed conflicts the warring
For all these reasons, controlling
clean human-rights records contribute less to
parties are not explicitly targeting
a conflict is directly connected to the
the number of refugees. However, despite the
civilians. Rather, armed conflict
process of the restoration of the State,
brutality of South American countries, they
is directed at ‘legitimate’ military
enabling it to update and implement
have contributed less to refugee outflows.45
targets and not primarily aimed at
more favorable political arrangements
Governmental instability has been one of its
the civilian population.
to resolve clashes. However, this process
major causes.46
43
might take longer without the guarantee
“Today, more people are living this
Scholars have defined and divided
of success. Inevitably, conflict will arise,
sorrow than at any other time since
armed conflicts into internal and
through State action, inaction, or other
most of us in this room were born.
international conflicts based on their
reasons, until the State embraces viable
At the end of 2013, over 51 million
natures and the parties within them.
and practical political solutions.
people were in displacement due
Internal conflicts are most likely to
2.2. The State as a Birthplace and Main
to conflict and persecution. By the
reoccur, and since the end of World
Cause Behind Massive Migration and Refugee
end of this year, I am sure they will
34
Currents 24.2 2021
