More than meets the eye--or the hand How copper door plates and door knobs limit the spread of disease read more >
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Table of Contents Editorial Board
Diane Cheng - Editor-in-Chief Jennifer Nauheim- Senior Editor Jessica Ye- Design Editor Tommy Rucker - Publicity Chair Andrea Kim - Treasurer
The Student Body is an undergraduate student organization affiliated with Gannett University Health Services. Publication of The Student Body is funded by SAFC.
The contents of The Student Body are the works of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or beliefs of the organization, its affiliates, advisers, or Cornell University.
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Produced by Jessica Ye, Andrea Kim, Sonnya Im, Susan Duan, and Luna Chen
Mirror, mirror on the Wall--Blind to Beauty, Keen to Flaw.............................4 Food for Beauty and Brains..........................................................................................6 Hold the Door, Please .....................................................................................................8 [Feature Article] Orbs: Far from Orbit......................................................................................................10 Brews for Bone Health..................................................................................................12 What the Heck Happened? Health Care Reform: Part 2.................................14 Š The Student Body 2010
Reproduced from [1-4]
Have Something to Say? Be Heard. Write for The Student Body.
contact: Diane Cheng (dc479) 3
Diametrically Unopposed|
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall— Blind to Beauty, Keen to Flaw New Evidence Suggests Abnormal Brain Function May Underlie Body Dysmorphic Disorder by Diane Cheng
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efore she turned herself into an old tooth- According to the Mayo Clinic, body dysmorphic less hag, Snow White’s evil stepmother really disorder (BDD) is a type of chronic mental disorwasn’t unattractive. Sure her eyebrows were per- der reported to occur in roughly 1% of the popupetually raised a little too high and the wardrobe lation. BDD affects men and women equally, and wasn’t altogether flattering, but though it is not very prevalent among the general she was still a solid runner up population, has been strongly associin the “fairest of them all” ated with other conditions including contest, and presumably obsessive-compulsive disorders, eatheld the title before Snow ing disorders, anxiety disorders, White grew out of her depression, and in severe cases, awkward teenage years. suicidal thoughts and behavior. So why (besides having to BDD itself is widely under ensure plot advancement) did diagnosed and most people who she let the “imperfection” of her have the disorder just live with the Reproduced From[5] looks bother her so much? In real belief that they are ugly. Symptoms life, many people have a hard time of BDD usually present first in adolesgetting past the “flaws” in their features cence and go beyond simply being and often find fault in characteristics that seem unhappy with one’s appearance to perfectly normal or even attractive to others. intense obsessions or delusions that Dissatisfaction with one’s appearance is a rather interferes with daily life. Many common experience, but deep obsessions with people suffering from BDD will seek out bodily flaws, usually minor and sometimes imag- numerous cosmetic procedures in order to ined, may indicate a chronic condition known as “correct” their flaws, but a landslide 81% body dysmorphic disorder. New research con- are dissatisfied with the results of such ducted by psychiatrists at the University of Califor- cosmetic treatments, reaffirming, nia, Los Angeles, suggests that body dysmorphic once again, that the problem disorder may be caused by abnormal patterns of does not actually lie in the way they brain function, in which affected individuals are look, but in how they perceive themselves. unable to contextualize details normally, leaving them with a distorted view every time they look in the mirror. A recent study published in the Archives of General Psychiatry provides new insight into the causes of BDD, citing evidence that people with BDD display © The Student Body 2010
|Diametrically Unopposed
abnormal brain functions when it comes to looking at pictures of their own face. The study, lead by Dr. Jamie Fuesner at UCLA, used functional magnetic resonance imaging to look at the brains of BDD patients as well as healthy individuals. When viewing normal to low resolution photos of their own faces, patients with BDD displayed abnormal activation patterns in the systems of the brain that control visual processing, guide behavior, and maintain emotional flexibility. BDD patients were also found to experience greater activity in the left hemisphere of the brain, which is associated with categorization and details. Contrastingly, healthy individuals rely more on the right hemisphere, which processes information more holistically. Taken together, these results suggest that patients suffering from BDD are unable to properly process the details they observe, leading them to perceive flaw where it may not exist. Underutilization of parts of the brain that recognize the face’s overall shape and size causes BDD patients to see only pieces of their face, which are likely to look distorted in the absence of a larger context. Dr. Sabine Wilhelm, director of the Body Dysmoprhic Disorder Clinic and Research Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital, notes that anecdotal evidence from treatment has long supported what this study confirms – that the underlying defect of BDD occurs at the level of brain processing.
BDD in itself does not confer a life threatening hazard, but the likelihood of attempting suicide or being hospitalized is notably higher among BDD patients. People who suffer from BDD may also endanger their safety in situations where their attention to crucial tasks is diverted by to their fixation with appearance. Currently, treatment for BDD includes psychotherapy and SSRI and tricyclic antidepressants. If the findings of the UCLA study can be further supported, it could open up the possibility for targeted cognitive behavioral therapy as a form of treatment, which would focus on retraining patients to look at their faces in order to see the big picture.
Reproduced From [6]
real
In life, many people have a hard time getting past the “flaws” in their features and often find fault in characteristics that seem perfectly NORMAL or even to others.
attractive
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Reader’s Digest |
The Winning Combination for
Beauty & Brains by Hillary Murray
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am a firm believer that you are what you eat. Foods are simply edible biochemicals that become incorporated into your cells and make you who you are. Thus, why not utilize nutritional research in order to help you reach your full potential?
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found naturally in animal products, but may be fortified into other foods such as cereals for people who are vegan.
3.Fatty fish Considering the Brains fact that the brain Here is some food for thought. Try is 60% fat, foods incorporating these five foods into rich in omega 3 your diet to optireproduced from [9] fatty acids are an mize your brain important part of a function: healthy diet. Omega-3 fatty acids help to maintain cell membrane flexibility. Certain varieties 1.Blueberries of fish, such as salmon and mackerel , are rich Blueberries are a sources of the omega-3 fatty acid commonly abrich source of the breviated EPA, which functions to decrease inantioxidant anflammation, dilate blood vessels and thin blood, thocyanidin. This helping to supply the brain with a steady flow of antioxidant in particular helps reproduced from [7] nutrients and oxygen. to improve cognitive processing and protect brain cells from damaging com- 4.Dark green vegetables pounds known as free radicals. Studies have also Green and leafy vegetables like arugula, brussel indicated that a diet rich in blueberries decreases sprouts and spinach are great sources of many B the incidence of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s dis- vitamins. One key function of the B vitamins is to form the basis of hormones such as serotonin, doeases in laboratory animals. pamine and norepinherine. When released, these hormones induce happiness and relaxation. 2.Egg yolks Egg yolks are a great source of several vitamins and minerals; they contain vitamin complexes 5. Whole Grains choline and B12 that are especially important Glucose, one of the building blocks of carbohyto brain health. Choline is a component of neu- drates, is the only compound that the brain dirotransmitters, that helps maintain cell integrity, rectly utilizes for energy. Glucose is imperative for and is involved in methyl donation reactions that concentration, growth and mood stability. While lead to the synthesis of DNA and RNA. For people all carbohydrates, including those that are simple who do not consume eggs, choline can be found (white flour, candy, soda) and complex (whole in other sources such as wheat germ and peanuts. grains, fruits and vegetables) contain glucose, B12 aids in the formation of healthy red blood complex sources also contain nutrients and fiber, cells. Furthermore, like choline, B12 is involved which have other health benefits, like regulating in important methylation reactions. B12 is only blood sugar . reproduced from [8]
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© The Student Body 2010
| Reader’s Digest
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maintain healthy hair follicles, skin cells and blood vessels.
Beauty
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Bolster your beauty with the following five foods:
1.Avocado Avocados are great for your skin. They are rich in antioxidant vitamin E, which helps protect against sun and chemical damage. Moreover, avocados also contain monunsaturated fat,which nourishes your complexion and gives you a healthy and natural glow.
2.Lean Meat Animal proteins, like beef, turkey and chicken are sources of zinc. One of zinc’s roles is to nourish and repair hair follicles keeping your hair looking shiny and healthy. Vegetarian sources of zinc include peanut butter, wheat germ, pumpkin seeds and chickpeas.
3.Citrus foods Citrus foods like grapefruit, oranges and lemons are great sources of vitamin C. Vitamin C helps to form the structural fiber collagen, which helps
4.Yogurt Yogurt contains probiotics, like lactobacillus acidophilus, which aid in digestion and detoxification of unhealthy bacteria. The lactic acid in the yogurt also refines pores, and smoothes skin. Studies have shown that these properties help alleviate eczema and clear up acne.
5.Carrots Beta carotene is the nutrient that gives carrots, sweet potatoes and apricots their distinctive orange color. In the human body, Beta carotene is converted into vitamin A, a vitamin necessary for healthy reproduced from [12] cell division. Vitamin A is often prescribed topically or orally to treat acne.
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Mr. OCD |
Hold the Door, please
Reproduced from [16]
Y
*sigh*
our first prelim is over and you can’t think ly harmless tenants of the skin. The problem with of anything except running out of that stuffy our bacterial residents (and any other microscopic and congested lecture hall. You approach the visitors that we pick up along the way) lies in the doors and before you blow out of there, you can’t fact that our hands somehow always make their help but stop and think… are those gates pearly- way into our mouths, giving bacteria and viruses a white because your freedom lies beyond them? free ticket on the finger-train to virulence as they Or are they glistening because they’re covered go on to infiltrate our lungs, digestive tracts, and with the afterthoughts of someone’s cold? bloodstreams. Yes, from the time we were in the Germs happen. They cause all sorts of womb we have had the propensity to stick our health conditions, from the common cold to fingers into our mouths, and with our parents not tuberculosis. The bad news is that they’re im- here to yell at us, who’s going to stop us now? possible to avoid! What’s Alright! Now that I’ve “Copper and brass alloy gotten all of you to go ‘Ewww worse is that you’re going to contract many of them here’s the part where doorknobs and push plates gross!’, by swapping spit with I’m going to stop being obJohn Smith. Lips need not are quite notorious in the sessively compulsive and lock for this intimate exthat, despite how I made world of germ killing.” say change because, like it or it sound, we’re actually not not, Mr. Smith is allowed entirely helpless victims of to cough, sneeze, or spit up germs on anything Mr. Smith’s projectile ejections onto common obthat he pleases, and we are all very likely to jects. How is that you may ask? One word: copper. place our hands on said contaminated objects, Actually, copper doorknobs and door push plates like doors. Now, having germs on our hands is would be more precise. Despite their dirty and not particularly a cause for concern since many lackluster appearance, which demotes them to germs, including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, the position of Stainless Steel’s ugly cousin, copand Escherichia coli are permanent and general- per and brass alloy doorknobs and push plates are 8
© The Student Body 2010
| Mr. OCD quite notorious in the world of germ killing. Re- nually in the United States]”, it goes to show that search published in 2005 by Noyce, Michels and we could use all the help we can get. So when are Keevil of the University of Southampton suggests we going to get brass toilet-flushers? that copper and brass surfaces have distinctive anWhile it may seem that the world of hostimicrobial properties. This is because free copper pitals and nosocomial infections is far from our ions are able to penetrate the cell walls of bacteria secluded university, I’d like to point out that hosand bind to cell components, such as enzymes, ef- pitals have very much in common with certain fectively ceasing their functions. Even multidrug- buildings on campus with which we all interact, resistant Staphylococnamely, the libraries. cus aureus (MRSA), a The heavy traffic and “superbug” that has close proximity of pabeen known to cause trons found in librarbothersome and diffiies make them the cult-to-treat hospitalperfect transmission acquired infections, ground for germs, eswhen spread on pure pecially prior to finals copper surfaces at week when the seats concentrations similar are constantly kept to those found on real warm by patron rotadoor handles, couldn’t tion. As of February, hold out for more than the doors of Mann 45 minutes in their Library have already study.. The kill time been walked through for epidemic MRSA on Micrograph of Escherichia coli, reproduced from [17] about 6,000 times brass surfaces was a daily. This number bit longer, exceeding easily expected to 6 hours at higher bacincrease as the seterial concentrations. mester proceeds. Comparatively, all bacThat’s 12,000 hands, terial strains tested shoulders, and feet were easily able to that come into consurvive for longer than tact with the stain72 hours on stainless less steel door appasteel surfaces. Even afratus. Since it is very ter 72 hours, stainless unlikely that the consteel exhibited little to tact surfaces will be no growth-inhibiting replaced with copper effect on bacteria. any time in the foreNoyce et al have seeable future, there recommended that Micrograph of Steptococcus aureus, reproduced from [18] is no time better than stainless steel as a mathe present to note terial for door handles, push/kick plates, and oth- the strategic placement of hand sanitizer stations er high-contact items, regardless of its aesthetic at doorways throughout the campus. Their effivalue, should be immediately replaced by copper cacy has been explored all too well in previous isalternatives. Researchers suggest that, if changes sues of The Student Body. And remember, hands were to be made, alloys containing more than 80% sanitized or not, “fingers in the mouth can cause copper should be used. In a world where Gould, of health to turn south”. the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, has predicted that easily preventable MRSA epidemics add “between Nicolas Cordero $1.5 and $4.7 billion in excess hospital costs [an9
Health Junkie |
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by Susan Duan
Commons. These products are also safer for the general public as they do not produce secondhand smoke. But the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is concerned that these candy-like products will attract children and teenagers. The problem for youth lies exactly with how easily these products can be consumed. Compared to taking a drag on a cigarette, an action which connotes noxious smoke passing through Reproduced from [19] the lungs, popping a tablet in your mouth seems harmless. The method of consumption for smokeless products does not immediately suggest that the user is taking in nicotine, the most addictive substance on Earth.
hile waiting in the check-out line at the grocery store, you see the usual Tic Tac® breath mints and Orbit® gum beside you. Then, you no- What is so harmful about nicotine addiction anytice another brightly colored package, with the way? The problem with nicotine is two-fold. The name “Orbs” printed on the front in block letters, chemical itself causes constriction of arteries and featuring flavors like “Fresh Mint” and “Mellow.” plaque build-up, which can lead to stroke or heart You think, “A new brand of breath fresheners?” Be attack. The hazardous health effects of smokwary. “Orbs” is actually a test product released by ing and smokeless products, however, are mostly R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., by added chemi“These products melt on the tongue caused maker of Camel cigarettes. cals other than nicotine. The tablets are mints that within three to thirty minutes, deliv- But because nicotine is so contain finely ground nic- ering anywhere from 0.6 mg to 3.1 addictive, it prevents usotine. Camel is also test- mg of nicotine (an average cigarette ers from quitting. Thus, ing dissolvable nicotine damaging, carcinogenic delivers 1 mg of nicotine).” products as “Strips” and chemicals continue to “Sticks.” These products melt on the tongue within worm their way through healthy bodies as the three to thirty minutes, delivering anywhere from addicted reach for another cigarette or nicotine 0.6 mg to 3.1 mg of nicotine (an average cigarette tablet. Such chemicals are also known to cause delivers 1 mg of nicotine). diseases of the mouth, gum, and teeth. Altogether, tobacco use causes more than 400,000 deaths in Part of the appeal for dissolvable nicotine products the U.S. and costs more than $96 billion in health is that they are “smokeless.” As public attitude has care bills every year. shifted toward concern for health and longevity, the government has responded by enforcing laws The problem is compounded for teens because to decrease smoking in public areas in an effort to they are at higher risk for nicotine addiction than minimize harm produced by second-hand smoke. adults. A study done by the Center for Disease Since smoking is prohibited in so many places now, Control (CDC) shows that 80% of smokers are adsmokeless products provide a convenient way to dicted to nicotine before age 18. Even though on receive a satisfying dose of nicotine when “smok- average teens use tobacco less than adults, more ers” are in non-smoking area, such any public in- teens show symptoms of addiction, which include door places, and eventually, the “T” of the Ithaca an inability to quit, and withdrawal symptoms
© The Student Body 2010
| Health Junkie while attempting to quit. The 1992 national survey by psychologist Naomi Breslau shows that while 36% of those in the 15 – 24 age group and 60% of those in the 45 – 54 group used tobacco daily, 60% of the younger group and 10% of the older group were addicted. Another study found that only 3% of teens who tried to quit smoking succeeded for a one year period. Compared to quitting data for adults, this suggests that teenagers are more easily addicted to nicotine. The Journal of Family Practice, for example, warns teens that they can become “hooked from the first cigarette,” unlike adults. Thus the attraction of convenient smokeless products to teens is particularly dangerous, whether tobacco companies are purposefully targeting them or not.
Hope is still in the air, however. Last year, a historical bill known as the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act passed the Senate; the new law allows the FDA to regulate the manufacturing, marketing, and sale of tobacco products, just as how the FDA controls the circulation of pharmaceuticals. Currently, the FDA is requiring two makers of dissolvable tobacco products to provide data on how those under 26 view their products and information on who uses the products. Meanwhile, tobacco companies defend their products, saying that they are not meant to attract non-tobacco users and have child-proof packaging. With the new regulations, however, these candy-like products may have a shorter shelf-life than expected, as the FDA already has power to ban candy-flavored cigarettes. As smoking decreases in popularity, smokeless products are the next line to conquer in the battle against nicotine addiction. The key to winning this battle lies in today’s teens. As long as they do not get addicted to nicotine during their adolescent years, there is a good chance that soon, there will be no battle to fight. Unfortunately, the adolescent period is particularly vulnerable to addiction, both physically and mentally. This may be prevented by new and harsher regulations from the FDA in the near future. Until then, teens must learn to abstain from the seemingly harmless tablets. Just reach for a piece of real gum instead!
Reproduced from [20]
The good news is that tobacco use among teens has decreased. From 1996 to 2009, smoking (any use within a month) among twelfth graders decreased from 37% to 20%, stemming from a change in teens’ attitude toward tobacco use. For example, in 2002, 81% of teens surveyed said they would rather date a nonsmoker, and 64% agreed that “becoming a smoker reflects poor judgment.” The bad news is, since 2007, teens’ smoking rate has reached a plateau and remains at 20%, according to data released by the CDC. Today, teens are still at peril for becoming dependent on nicotine—through smokeless products. These data, combined with marketing that emphasizes smokeless products are not as detrimental as cigarettes, do not bode well for a future decrease in nicotine addiction rate.
Reproduced from [21]
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Sound Bites | bestow health benefits on the consumer. Most of these known benefits are due to the effects of antioxidants and resveratrol in red wine on heart health and cancer prevention. Thus, many consumers looking to improve their health through food and beverage intake have turned to red wine as their alcoholic beverage of choice. However, those of you who have taken the Introduction to Wines course at Cornell, or who have experimented with a variety of wines, know that not all wines go with every type of food. More importantly, not everyone enjoys red wine. This may leave you wondering, what about the other alcoholic drinks out there? What if I want to go out for a couple of beers on a Thursday or Friday (or Sunday, Monday, Tuesday…) night? The answer: there is good news for you.
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n light of the rise in cancer and cardiovascular disease rates over the past few decades, recent health guidelines have indicated that consuming one to two alcoholic beverages a day, respectively, for women and men who drink regularly, may
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of California-Davis and published in the Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture indicated that certain brews of beer are high in dietary silicon, which, according to the NIH, may be beneficial for bone health and protective against osteoporosis. The silicon concentrations of several of the beers studied are shown in the table below. The high levels of malted barley and hops found in some of the beers, such as the India Pale Ales, were responsible for the beers’ higher silicon content. In general, the lighter-colored beers, which are subject to less heat during malting, have higher silicon concentrations than darker beers, such as chocolate, roasted barley, and black malt.
In addition to these potential positive effects on bone health, the alcohol itself in beer may contribute to improving your health. While the antioxidant compounds in wine have been indicated as the beverage’s major health ben-
© The Student Body 2010
| Sound Bites I encourage you to think about this information the next time you are going out for a beer. You may consider giving your future health a potential boost, while enjoying a good night out (or you can go home and have some milk and high fiber wheat bran cereal—your choice). Table 1: Silicon Content of Beers* Beer Silicon Content (ppm) Average 29.4 Ales (on average) 32.8 Regular Lagers 23.7 Light Lagers 17.2 India Pale Ales (IPAs) 41.2 Non-alcoholic 16.3 Wheat 18.9 Pale ale 36.5 Sorghum 27.3 USA 31.6 International 20.4 California 34.2 Colorado 20.8 *Data taken from: Troy R Casey, Charles W Bamforth. Silicon in beer and brewing. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. Published reproduced from [23] Online: 8 Feb 2010. http://www3.interscience. efits, evidence has also shown that moderate alco- wiley.com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/fullhol intake may aid in stress reduction and heart text/123275249/HTMLSTART health. Thus, when you choose to enjoy a beer, you may be improving your bone strength in addition to reducing your risk of stress-induced maladies. While this news of the potential health benefits of beer consumption may be encouraging, there are a few caveats. First, it is important to remember that these benefits are derived from consuming beer in moderation. Excess beer intake may result in excess caloric intake, in addition to poor liver health. Second, bone health can be improved by consuming foods and beverages other than beer. Silicon is found in relatively high amounts in foods that contain the husk of whole grains, such as barley, wheat bran, oats, and rice bran. These whole grains are found in foods such as granola cereal, high fiber wheat bran cereal, oat bran, porridge oats, and dried dates. Furthermore, the calcium and vitamin D found in milk are known to improve bone mineral density. Thus, a well-balanced, varied diet may include all of the silicon, calcium, and vitamin D that you need for optimal bone health.
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Clarifying Light |
What the Heck Happened? Health Care Reform: part 2 by Tommy Rucker
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hat’s the newest roadblock would have extended coverage to for healthcare reform? the more than 30 million AmeriOf course, it is our old and dear cans who are uninsured. Even friend: bipartisan politics. Re- though there were still disagreecently, Republican Scott Brown ments between the two houses, was elected to fill the senate seat things seemed to be going as in Massachusetts, replacing Dem- planned until Brown’s victory in ocrat Ted Kennedy. This change Massachusetts. This caused the brought about the collapse of the Democrats, who were anxiously Democrats’ filibuster-proof ma- on the edge of their chairs, to jority of the Senate and also left abandon any hope for progress. President Obama’s promising “Yes Since then, the health care agenda we can” mentality with question- has descended into a state of limable strength and bo once again. resilience to these “President Obama new yet familiar This event has also recognized the hindrances. pushed the fact that transpar- “pause” button At a recent Demoour presiency is vital during for cratic National dent, who alCommittee fund- this period of trans- ready has a lot raiser, Presion his plate. formation.” dent Obama was He now has to quoted as saying juggle the perthat “…it’s very important for us petual concern of a high unemto have a methodical, open pro- ployment rate, a sagging econocess over the next several weeks, my AND health care reform. Not before we go ahead and make a wanting to act rashly, President decision.” President Obama also Obama thinks that the next approrecognized the fact that transpar- priate step would be to sit down ency is vital during this period of with both the democrats and the transformation. This is because republicans and see what ideas the American people should be each side has to bring to the table. able to make a judgment as to At the same time, the President is whether or not the members of weary of losing the momentum Congress are doing a good job, an that he previously had. evaluation which will be revealed in the next round of elections. Speaker of the House, Nancy Pelosi, echoed the President’s conUp until the very end of last year, cerns at a recent gathering of healthcare legislation had been Democratic activists in Washingpassed in both the House and ton, reminding activists that, “… the Senate. This health care plan we can all do the inside maneu© The Student Body 2010
| Clarifying Light vering and legislating and the rest, but without your participation, nothing really great or good can happen.�
Several Democratic lawmakers and liberal advocates say that the remedy to this ongoing problem is to compel the Democratic population in both the House and the Senate to vote for the Health Care overhaul bill that the Senate passed on Christmas Eve. The concern with this solution is that many house members do not like the fact that the bill includes a tax on high-cost health insurance plans. As usual with politics, patience will eventually be rewarded. But let’s just hope that something happens so that my next follow up will actually feature some assuring news.
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Photo References 1. http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikebaird/3178757768 2. http://www.flickr.com/photos/kaibara/2234750993/ 3. http://www.flickr.com/photos/epsos/3773953521/ 4. http://www.flickr.com/photos/speakerpelosi/3748460284/ 5. http://giverslog.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/gift-hand-mirror.jpg 6. http://www.flickr.com/photos/ carotte/3390341900/ 7. Blueberries: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ meetaspix/227045190 8. Eggs: http://www.flickr.com/photos/tednmiki/26500490/ 9. http://www.flickr.com/photos/treborrenrut/4300752608/ 10. http://www.flickr.com/photos/u4eah/5812168/ 11. http://www.flickr.com/photos/darwinbell/316133516/ 12. http://www.flickr.com/photos/smoothdude/271904034/ 13. http://www.flickr.com/photos/sesseljamaria/501203154/ 14. http://www.flickr.com/photos/patchworkpot-
tery/3047696140/ 15. http://www.flickr.com/photos/shgarden/2985467032/ 16. http://www.flickr.com/photos/owlbookdreams/3462674557/sizes/o/ 17. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E_coli_ at_10000x,_original.jpg 18. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Staphylococcus_aureus_01.jpg 19. http://www.flickr.com/photos/junk_ bond/4228877235/ 20. http://www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/105415437/ 21. http://www.flickr.com/photos/61053765@ N00/263853619/ 22. http://www.flickr.com/photos/ chavals/2891111578/sizes/o/ 23. http://www.flickr.com/photos/letseat/2916048054/sizes/o/ 24. http://www.flickr.com/photos/nickwheeleroz/2178156484/sizes/l/ 25. http://www.flickr.com/photos/loty/326761635/ 26. http://www.flickr.com/photos/azuquin/3203550609/ 27. http://www.flickr.com/photos/publicdomainphotos/4259455424/
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© The Student Body 2010