Suffolk Argus 5, May 1995

Suffolk Branch Contacts

BranchOrganiser SteveGoddard,47 ColchesterRoad, Ipswich, SuffolkIP4 3BT (01473 252598)

MembenhipSeaetary Paul Gilson,18 CheltenhamAvenue,Ipswich, SuffolkIP4 4LN (01473 253276) Newsletter Editor

SteveGoddard,47 ColchesterRoad, Ipswich, SuffolkIP4 3BT (01473 252598)

THE

SUFFOLK ARGUS May 1995

Programme Scretary

AlanJohnson,28 MedwayRoad, Ipswich,Suffolk IP3 0QH (01473 715701)

¼Jlunteers Needed If you feelyou could run a smallsales operation or just help out now and then with the growingwork of the Branch,please contact Steve Goddardon 01473 252598.

Conservation Officer & County Recorder (Buttedlics)

RichardStewart,63 BelsteadRoad, Ipswich, SuffolkIP2 8BD (01473 688725) Conservation Officer (Moths)

RogerKendrick,c/o BSc ConservationMgr, Otley College,Otley, Suffolk(01473 785543) County Recorder (Moths)

Arthur Watchman,Onchan, BackLane, Monks Eleigh,SuffolkIP7 7BA

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SU~Ol~ 'Sh0 W

We are delighted to inform you that the Branch will be attending the County Show for the second successive year thanks to the Suffolk Naturalists' Society with whom we will be shari~i:s t:n:.wonderful

Secretary

JanicePritchard,89 LeopoldRoad, Ipswich SuffolkIP4 4RN (01473 718137) Tmuurer

GrahamBull, Oakbank, ArdleighRoad, Dedham, EssexCO7 6EG (01206 323530) Committee Memben Michul &Jenny Kebry,25 ProspectPlace, Lciston,SuffolkIP16 4AL (01728 830975)

Publishedby the SuffolkBranchof ButterflyConservation (The British ButterflyConservationSociety Ltd.) Reg. No. 2206468

Reg. Charity No. 25◄ 937 Head Oflicc P.O. Box222. Dedham,EssexC07 6EY. Tel. (01206) 322342 Edi~ by 5,,,,, GodJard Prin~ by Grq;Hn-bm 6- Sons.

Logo (Silvu-1tmldedBlue) DougHamm,n/q Dmgn.d and prod....! by St,ph,n Ion, Car & Mouse De.ign (01 ◄73 729423 after 7pm) C 1995 all rights «served

AndrewPhillips,SwallowHouse, Long Road West, Dedharn, EssexC07 6ES (01206 322908) StevenGoss,YaxleyManor House, Yaxley, Eye,SuffolkIP23 8DG (01379 783386) Chairman Jim Mann, 28 Lady MargaretGardens Woodbridge,SuffolkIP12 4EZ (01394 387658) President

HowardMendel,c/o IpswichMusewn, High St., Ipswich,SuffolkIPl 3QH (01473 213761)

31stMay& lstlune

opportunity·to promote Butterfly Conservation as well as the activities of our own Branch.

However, running a stall at these events needs as many helpers as possible, the more literally the merrier. Come along, help out and enjoy yourself selling wild flowers, talking butterflies and meeting others with the same interests as you. Please let me know at the soonest if you feel you can offer assistance.

If you are attending the Show anyway, don't forget to look in, have a chat and see what we are up to! You will find us in the Conservation Area near to the Nacton Road entrance.

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• The Newsletter of the Suffolk Branch of Butterfly Conservation

Volume5 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION

The SuffolkArgus

May 1995

Contents Suffolk Show ............................................................. Cover Sandlings Public Open Space .................·........................... 3 1995AGM ....................................................................... 4 Summer Lilacs................................................................... 5 1994 Field Trips - The Final Chapter' ........................ 6-7 Away from home - Warton Crag ................................. 8-10 Members Evening 27thJanuary 1995 ....................... 11-12 Rare Butterflies in Suffolk 1994 ................................ 14-15 Identification of Moths ........................................ :.... 16-20 Butterfly Aberrations ....................................................... 21 Early Butterflies............................................................... 21 A Butterfly Watcher's Field Kit ................................. 22-23 Suffolk Butterflies in 1994 ........................................ 24-26 Display Equipment ......................................................... 26 Newsletter Details ........................................................... 27 Suffolk Branch Contacts ................................... Back Cover

Notes Frolll the Editor Field Trips 1995: Supplementary Information Sunday,May 21st Minsmere R.S.P.B. Reserve for Butterfly 'tramtct training'.

In addition to bringing a packed lunch, a clipboard, pencil and notebook will also be required.

Travellers from the west will find no righthand turn to Chapel Lane but it is possible to mm 100 yards further on, by the Fire Station. The Car Park is at the end of Chapel Lane. (Note this is not Hadleigh Castle).

Sunday, July 16th The visit to Ponon Down is now fully subscribed.

Newsletter Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .

by Steve Goddard

2

Please refer to the Events List issued with the January Newsletter for full details of trips. If you would like a further copy please contact the Editor.

I am grateful again to Beryl Johnson for rwo splendid line drawings of Grayling and Clouded Yellow (see I 994 Field Trips The Final Chapter').

Remember, if you feel that you have any talents as an artist, please send your work to me and it will be included and acknowledged at the very first opponuniry.

Photographs will also be very welcome.

. . . . . . . . . . .........

.

Copy Dates Contributions for our newsletter should reach the Editor (address on back page) no later than:

January May September

Christmas Eve April Fools Day August Bank Holiday

Any piece of writing that is considered to be of interest will be published together with line drawings/prints/photographs.

The Suffolk Argus is your magazine, so please let us hear from you.

..

ButterflyLine 0891 884505

~JE Regular Updates & Latest News All profits are used for the conservation of

Sunday, July 2r.d Hadleigh Castle Country Park.

Additional directions:

Illustrations

butterflies and their habitats.

Calls charged at 49p per min. peak and 39p per min. at other times

Pleasecontact:

SteveGoddard (01473 252598)

THE UITISH BUTTUFLY CONSUVATION SOC1£ll LTO. !!GIHIIEOOffICEIHIIE!lfllf HOUI!, HIGH ll!Hl, OEOHIN, COLCHEIIEI, EIIEX, (07 !OE IIG/HflfOIN!NGLINO No2206 ◄ 61 IIGIHEIED CHIIITT No.114937

27

The Suffolk Argus

September records included 30 plus Red Admirals along the footpath at Covehithe Broad and a Grayling at Tangham on the 25th. Red Admiral and Small Tortoiseshell were seen feeding on the last of the buddleia ac the Solar supermarket car park in Leiston on October 11th and the previous day had seen a late Clouded Yellow in a Stowupland orchard. Speckled Wood were still flying on October 6th at Fagbury and Pakenham while North Wanen records indicated 'a spectacular increase' which I hope to examine in a future article. In the meantime, the 'spread' across Suffolk can be best appreciated by listing some 1994 records: Minsmere, Landguard, Mayday Farm, Haverhill, Leavenheath, Stanstead, WalshamLe-Willows, Monk's Fleigh, Palgrave, Stonham Aspal and Henley.

A Common Blue was at Fagbury on November 6th and a Brimstone at Brent Eleigh on the 15th. Small Coppers were at Aldeburgh and along the Sailor's Path in November, the last recorded being at Tangham on the 16th. A Peacock was observed at Pakenham on December 2nd, and the last recorded butterfly of the year was appropriately observed by the meticulous Rob Macklin at North Watten; a Red Admiral on December 11th.

May 1995

There seems to be little information relating to 'latesightingr'in the butterfly records so if I start by claiming the four in the previous paragraph no doubt anyone who can prove otherwise will contact me.

Obviously, I am hoping that the l 72 observers who sent in records from over 250 locations willat least be doubled for the first year of the Millennium study and from 1994 records, four species seem at present to be under-recorded. One is the Small Heath, probably because of siu and few visits to gardens. The Essex Skipper seems a straightforward case of being able to identify it and the other two, the Purple and Whiteletter Hairsueak, are mainly overlooked because of their largely arboreal life cycle with the Purple Hairstreak tending to become active and visible early in the evening, just when most observers are going home!

Can I finally request that all records reach me by the end of December. To save much additional and unnecessary work, please add a 6 figure grid reference for all sites.

The Small Copper ,, (Lycaenaphlaeas)""-,..,_\

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Display Equipment 26

Can anyone help us in our quest to obtain new promotional display screens? For some time now we have been wanting to replace our inherited screens due principally to transport difficulties. Finances will always be a problem but it is important that we have easily portable equipment to help us promote our cause at public events. Please let me know if you feel you can point us in the right direction.

Sandlings Public Open Space (Bixley

Farm)formally opened ....................

by Steve Goddard

We extolled the virtues of this splendid area in volume 2, p 14 and in a field trip report in volume 4, p8 (reference also in Branch Round-Up, Butterfly Conservation News No.58, Autumn/Winter 1994), due to its wonderful diversity of habitat and extraordinary number of butterfly species (23 so far recorded inc. 3 Hairstreaks), all in just under 13 acres on the edge of!pswich.

Following development of a management plan by Suffolk Coastal District Council (who now own the land) assisted by Rushmere St. Andrew Parish Council, Saturday April 8th, saw the official opening by Mike Morton, Chairman of SCDC in the presence of representatives from many interested parties including ourselves. Richard Stewart led a group of about 20 keen observers around the site and Jean and Ken Garrod, Paul Gilson and myself were there to lend our support to what was a high profile event for Suffolk Branch and Butterfly Conservation.

Why not take a look at the sire for yourself, you will not be disappointed. We would recommend late April to early July for Green Hairstreak and early July to the end of August for White-letter and Purple Hairstreaks as well as other high summer species. Please let us know what you find.

Location: OS Grid Ref. TM 204445.

(To the south-east of and immediately adjacent to Rushrnere Heath). Travelling towards Felixstowe, half a mile from Ipswich Hospital, turn left onto Foxhall Road (towards Foxhall Stadium and Brightwell).

At the Golf Public House, turn left into Bixley Road and proceed to bottom where the road bends. Entrance along bridleway leading towards the Water Tower beside the new housing development.

3

The Suffolk Argus

May 1995

1995AGM

. . . . . ..............

.

byJim Mann

Our second AGM was held on 25th March, at the Guardian Sports & Social Club, Ipswich who generously sponsored the event. We did not quite match the attendance of last year but all those present were keen to participate. Perhaps a spring Saturday afternoon is not the right time for anAGM! Andrew Phillips opened the meeting and introduced the members of the committee as they made their reports.

Our Membership Secretary, Paul Gilson, was able to report a current membership of 139 and of his work to recruit more.

Graham Bull, our Treasurer, reported that we were £539.36 in the black!

Our Newsletter Editor, Steve Goddard, was unable to attend due to illness and his report was read by Jim Mann. The new format is very acceptable and the high standard will be maintained provided that the current input of articles from members continues but there will always be room for new contributors.

Roger Kendrick, Conservation Officer (Moths), was unable to attend as he was away 1epresenting the Branch at the Branches Committee Meeting. His report was read by Richard Stewart, Conservation Officer and County Recorder (Butterflies).

Both reports were comprehensive and much of what they have to say on lepidoptera conservation is regularly reported in Suffolk Argus.

4

The Chairman's report referred to other committee workers, particularly Janice Pritchard who does an excellent job both as Secretary and in fond raising at Branch events. Of Alan Johnson, who is responsible for looking afrer Field Trips, a current programme of 14 trips for 1995 speaks for itsel£ Jim Mann chaired the election of the committee and he gave thanks to Andrew Phillips for the dedication he has shown as Chairman, in setting up the Branch and in helping to build the present committee.

Andrew has shown a desire to step down from Chairmanship and to take a less active role on the committee. , Jim then explained the constitution in , that the committee is elected at the AGM with the encumbents of the specific posts being confirmed at the next committee meeting.* Immediately following the formal proceedings it had been intended that Neil Ravenscroft would talk to us about the Silver-scudded Blue but unfortunately he was stranded in foreign parts. His place was more than ably filled, at very short notice,

by Richard Stewart on the subject of Garden Butterflies, a topic on which he talks regularly throughout the year to various groups. An excellent illustrated presentation also suggested how we might attract them to our gardens. This naturally led onto the recording ofbuttedlies particularly having in mind the millennium project.

We ended the day with refreshments, a prize draw and a general informal chat which proved to be very successful. We look forward to many more productive butterfly years in Suffolk.

• The meeting confirming committee appointments took place on 7th, April.

See back cover of Newsletter for current appointments.

there had been 40% more sun and 60% less rain than usual. The emergence of the three Skippers, Meadow Browns, Ringlets and Gatekeepers was fully appreciated on the SNS meeting along the kknield Way in the Kings' Forest on the 3rd, with 15 species being recorded. On the 23rd, the Branch meeting at Bixley Farm included sightings of White-letter and Purple Hairmeak and an unexpected 4 second brood Holly Blue.

Numbers were still reduced compared to recent 'vintage' years but a Brockley garden reported 'scores' of Ringlets and 'hundreds' of Gatekeepers, the latter reaching an estimated one thousand at Landguard on the 25th. Minsmere and • ' North Warren were among several new sites for the Brown Argus which is hopefully starting to spread as in neighbouring Essex.

- • Neil Ravenscroft's report on the Silverscudded Blue, commissioned by the SWT and English Nature, remarked on its 'good year' with eleven sites identified, including a new one at Walberswick. Minsmere's physical count of this attractive butterfly produced a staggering 6,293, possibly reflecting a national trend as record numbers were also reported from colonies at Portland in Dorset. White Admirals continued to flourish at their established sites. Further records were a singleton from a wood at Ixworth and a further single specimen was seen prospecting at Redgrave and Lopham Fen. One was also noted at Bradfield Woods on 23rd, July.

For once, no Swallowtails were recorded by the end of July, the nearest being just over the border at Diss. Rare butterflies were nevertheless the highlight of August with a Camberwell Beauty at Rickinghall Inferior on the 21st, and two Monarchs, the first at Wolsey Creek on the Blyth Estuary (3rd) and the second in a Woodbridge garden (21 st). A separate article gives more details.

Common Blue and Wall Brown second generations fared better and four Clouded Yellows were seen feeding on iucerne at Euston on the 29th. A total of24 records were received for this migrant, including two from Ipswich. Large numbers of the Silver Y moth also emphasised this migratory trend and the records of Painted Lady are best emphasised by almost 70% sightings from the gardens in the 1994 survey. This was virtually the same for Comma but twice that for Brimstone.

Several observers reported a sudden 'disappearance' of Peacocks and Small Tortoiseshells early in autumn but, as if to compensate for the dreadful first half of the year, butterflies were recorded not just through the autumn period but also into the winter. The first half of November, obviously assisted these sightings, being the warmest since records began in 1659.

A female and male CommonBlue (Polyommatusicarus) (the female is at the top of the picture}

25

The SuffolkArgus

Suffolk Butterflies • 1n

1994

by RichardStewart

The Wall (or Wall Brown) : (Lasiommatamegera)•

24

May 1995

The first record was of a Small Tortoiseshell in a Woodbridge garden on 25th, January. By March 14th, Brimstone, Comma, Peacock and Large White had been added. Of the early flying single generation butterffies, the Green Hairstreak was seen in good numbers at the coastal colonies and at Bixley Farm but the OrangeTip's flight periodwas punctuated by cold and wet conditions.

However, it was recordedup to the last week ofJune and was presentin 74% of the gardens covered in the 1994 survey.

Wall Brown, Common Blue and to a lesser extent Green-veinedWhite, were noted in smallernumbersand comparativefigures from North Warrengave a Common Blue first generationindex of 39, comparedto 251 in 1993; the Wall Brown index was 16, comparedto 66 and LargeWhite numberswere the lowest ever recorded there.

Thankfully, the County's rarest breeding species, the Dingy Skipper, was seen at its two breeding sites though concern has been expressed about the suitability of management along the preferred rides of the Icknield Way. The Holly Blue continued its recent 'crash' and was only recorded from just over 18% of the gardens in the Suffolk survey. Early Painted Lady such as that at Fagbury on 24th April, sounded a more promising note, bearing in mind the relative scarcity in 1993.

Generally, the firsthalf of the year in County and National terms was one of reduced populations of most species and June was a particularly depressing month.

Dire warnings in the press and on regional TV along the 'Take a walk in the country and something is missing' lines were however, thankfully premature. In the words of one recorder, 'July seemed to be the trigger time' and it proved to be a superb month for butterfly watching. By the 24th,

Notes from the Editor,

Continued ...

'Summer Lilacs' . . . . . . . . . . .........

.

How would you like to see 400 varieties of Lilac and 30 varieties ofBuddleja? As members of Butterfly Conservation, 1 am delighted co inform you that we are invited by one of our fellows, Colin Chapman to his national collection of Lilacs which includes the 'summerlilacs',Colin's own designation of the 'butterfly bush'.

Colin, who is Executive Vice-President Europe of the International Lilac Society Inc., holds the collection at his home, Norman's Farm, Wyverstone, Scowmarkec, f P 14 4SF. For insurance reasons, visits co the Lilac collection must be by appointment only as must be the visits to the Buddleja's which are open to members of Suffolk Branch only, during August. Please make your own arrangements with Colin by telephoning 01449 781081. Admission is free but it would be appreciated if a donation of £1 is made co Butterfly Conservation during August and to the NCCPG National Collection ofSyringia at other times.

To whet your appetites for the Buddleja visits, Colin tells me that there have been times when the number of butterflies about one's head has, literally, taken his breath away.

Add to this a record of 19 species of butterfly (including the Vanessa aberrant, see page1.\), and this becomes an attraction I

5

The Suffolk Argus

1994

FieldTrips 'The Final Chapter' The following account will hopefully bring back the warm feeling of summer on these early Spring days. We really did spend some enjoyable hours out and about last year. Why don't you make sure you join us this season, it will be well worth it

6

May 1995

Sizewell Beach, 13th August 1994

by PaulJohnson The prospect of Common Blue inter alia combined with the warmth of the August sunshine again brought a group of members together this time, to the north Suffolk coastline.

Within a matter of minutes, Common Blues and Small Coppers had been noted against the somewhat incongruous backdrop of 'Sizewell B' in a sparsely vegetated area adjacent to the installation's perimeter fencing. 1n addition to being colonised by . bird's foot trefoil and common sorrel, (larval foodplanrs of the Common Blue and Small Copper respectively), this particular location had been invaded by thistle species and it was on these planes that Painted Ladies and Red Admirals were observed. However, amidst considerable excitememt, attention was diverted to the sight of a Clouded Yellow nectaring on one of the purple flowerheads. Such feeding activity proved only momentary for this irregular migrant was almost immediately to cake to the wing, the black borders and golden colouration of the upperwings providing an impressive spectacle as the insect briefly followed the contours of the fencing before flying powerfully out towards the sea. An occasional Grayling would alight on the path, the mottled underside blending on the shingle track, the can10uflage becoming complete as forewing was tucked inside hind thereby obscuring the characteristic eye spot.

Continuing beyond the Sizewell perimeter, the path opened out into a more arid dune environment. Accordingly, greater numbers of Grayling were noted whilst second brood individuals of another member of the satyridae family, the Wall

Mini notebook: Containing identification notes of Suffolk dragonflies lifted from my copy of the excellent Suffolk Dragonflies, (Howard

Menr.k!).

Monthly Life Cycles of Suffolk butterflies: Composed from my copy of the ever helpful Suffolk Butterflies, (Menr.kl& Piotrowski).

Collins Pocket Guide to insects of Britain& W. Europe,

Michael Chinery: Note this is the paperback (inc. Western Europe not Northern. ISBN 0-00-219137-7. £9.99).

I carry this not so much for the brilliant Lewingcon butterfly illustrations but more for identification of the many other insects we meet on our expeditions. All illustrations are of the highest standard and the amount of textual information is remarkable in a handy-sized guide.

The large number of moth illustrations are superb for the home moth-trap.

text whilst in rhe, field. Although it covers the whole of E1.1rope,this is not a problem in the UK if cross-checked with an appropriate county guide which narrows down the species you are looking for.

Lens doth and sting relief!

Well that's my lot, I just have to carry it now!

I look forward to dipping into many of your field kits in the next few issues.

.............

The Mitchell Beazley pock.et guide to Butterflies,

Paul Whalley: A superb mini-pocket version of Butterflies of Britain & Ireland ( Thomasand Lewington)but for the coverage of the whole of Europe.

(ISBN 0-8533-348-0 £6.99). I like this guide for its perfect illustrations and concise text and all in a slim volume. The main benefits for me are access to condensed diagnostic characteristics and descriptions along-side each accurate illustration (including male and female differences) without the need to wade through long

23

The Suffolk Argus

A Butterfly Watcher's

FieldKit

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

by Steve Goddard

May 1995

Whilst packing my rucksac recently I thought to myself, 'I wonder what other insect watchers carry around with them?' It then occurred to me that this could be an interesting theme for our newsletter. It would be particularly interesting to see what guides to identification we use. So let's share the contents of our pockets and bags. To gee us started I will reveal the contents of my field kit. In no particular order:

Binoculars: For birds and butterflies (particularly tree-top Hairstreaks).

Monocular: For real close-ups when binoculars fail.

(See Volume 3, October 1994 for more details).

Notebook and pencil: Policeman style for easy noteraking of those all important species numbers, descriptions and habitat notes.

Hand Lens:

For thosereal close-upsyou'll needsomeform of magnification

For examining eggs in particular.

(JO x Mag recommended). Alas, much under-used since I rarely look for them as I should. (Often an easier way of recording the presence of some species such as Orange-tip).

SLR Camera and 100mm macro lens: To capture those special moments.

Light weight stool: For resting a while!

22

Brown, were observed basking in sheltered hollows. However, attention was centred upon the flurry of activity around the growths of sea holly where innumerable Common Blues could be seen nectaring voraciously on and jostling for position around, the pale blooms. Such was the popularity of this particular nectar source that any one flowerhead was typically frequented by as many as five or six of the butterflies. Whilst the violet blue upperwings of the males provided a striking visual display, the diversity of colouration exhibited by female members of the species provoked considerable interest. In a rime when butterflies are often only sighted in their one's and two's, the spectacle of as many as two hundred Common Blues thriving in what is no more than a fragment of coastline was a quire memorable experience.

A number of the original party chose to explore further and move on to the contrasting wood.land habitat of Kenton Hills. The periphery of the site has been quite generously planted, albeit for mainly cosmetic purposes, with deciduous trees and it was amongst these that Comma, Red Admiral and Purple Hairsrreak were noted.

The former, launching itself from a favoured oak leaf, was engaged in periodical patrols of a small clearing, whilst the hairstreak had descended from its normal treetop haunt and, choosing to ignore bramble flowers, was totally engrossed in feeding upon the juices of a ripe blackberry. This uncharacteristic behaviour was prolonged to the extent that not only was close examination of the silvery underwings possible, but the same individual could still be observed when the walk concluded an hour or so later. Further exploration of the deciduous edge yielded a sighting of a blue butterfly, the speed and height at

which it was flying suggesting that it may have been Holly Blue. Proceeding into the coniferous heart of the sire, numerous Graylings were observed careering along the open sandy rides. Emerging on the far side of the wood.land, the flowering brambles and thistles around a bank of elm trees were scrutinised in the hope of finding a late White-letter H:iirstreak. No 'stragglers' were present, although this could not detract from what had proved to be a thoroughly enjoyable expedition for which the organisers, Michael and Jenny Kelsey, should be warmly thanked.

Clouded Yellow (Colias croceus)

.........

(

\

., I

by BerylJohnson

7

The Suffolk Argus

Away from home ...

Warton Crag on the Lancashire/ Cumbria border

by Paul Johnson

Northern Brown Argus • (Aricia artaxerxes) •

8

May 1995

June 24th 1994.

The grey expanse of Morecambe Bay, clouds scurrying across an ever darkening sky and an undulating terrain overgrown with bracken and bordered by scrubby woodland. A seemingly inhospitable environment. However, closer observation revealed a number of Small Pearl-bordered Fritillaries seeking shelter amongst the vegetation, their richly coloured and intricately patterned wings held open, almost moulding to the contours of the bracken fronds. Beneath the seemingly dense growth, common dog violets, larval foodplant of the Small Pearl-bordered and a number of other Fritillary species, were flourishing. Within minutes the weather had deteriorated further, banishing the Fritillaries to the most sheltered recesses of the undergrowth and bringing to a premature close my exploration of the limestone escarpment of Warton Crag.

Three days earlier I had arrivedat the reserve, following a narrow track as ic wound its way through dense woodland and becoming increasingly sceptical, despite the intense heat being generated by the June sunshine, as to the likelihood of any notable sightings in such a location. However, following a steep ascent the path emerged onto a limestone pavement which had been eroded co create a series of interconnected nooks and gullies. Within minutes, Fritillaries neccaring from a prominent bramble and a charismatic, sooty brown butterfly perching upon a grass stem were being avidly observed, and I paused only coleaf through the pages of the identification guide and scribble down the words Small Pearl-bordered and Northern Brown Argus onto a notepad. Had the site been visited on a similarly sunny day in lace May, the words Duke of Burgundy and Pearlbordered Fritillary would have almost certainly appeared.

Butterfly Aberrations

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .

by Steve Goddard Every now and again, nature throws up fascinating colour variations in butterflies.

One such occasion which recently came to our attention was in September 1991 when an aberrant Red Admiral (Vanessa Atalanta} turned up in the garden of Branch member, Colin Chapman {See also

'Summer Lilacs').

It differed from the norm in that che usual scarlet fascia was in this case, yellow.

This is a recognised aberrant known as 'jlavescem'after Fritsch.

Have any of you recorded such aberrations? It would be interesting co report chem.

Early Butterflies • • • • • • • • • ••••••

I. ••••

Branch member, ChrisMcGrath brings co our attention a February flight sighting of a Vanessid whilst staying near Bexhill, Sussex.

He concludes that ic was more than likely a Peacock which certainly matches his description of 'a large,dark butterflyflying high and strongoverhead'.We have had similar repons in Suffolk for the corresponding period.

Its early appearance raised some questions in Chris's mind; How far had it travelled chat day? Would it find refuge that night? Had it emerged by mistake and jeapordised its survival? Had it been able ro stock up its reserves during the day, better enabling it co continue its hibernation?

Chris would welcome any views on these observations via the Newsletter.

Ed. Notes Take a closerlook next time you spot a butterfly--it's not always what it may seem!

Of the hibernating British butterflies, Chris's observation of a dark butterfly is most likely to be one of either; Small Tortoiseshell, Comma or Peacock.

(Brimstone identification being more evident!). However, Red Admiral can no longer be ruled out entirely, particularly in the South.

Chris's other questions are much more difficult co answer buc arousal from hibernation either by disturbance or increase in temperature or daylight and wasting energy in unneccesary flight, can certainly threaten a butterfly's survival. What do you think?

21

The Suffolk Argus

May 1995

Figure6

Figure8

Forewing Shape

Unusual Wing Positions

Ratio of costa length to the shortest distance between the tornus and costa

{a)

wings upright above the body

II

(b)

(c)

Figure7

-

wings angled above the body

V

wings rolled or folded at right angles to the body to form a 'T' - plume moths

Typical Wing Positions {a)

tectiform (tent-like)

(b)

involute (rolled around the body)

Figure9 Unusual Body Stance (a)

(c)

flattened, wings folded & overlapping

(d)

flattened, wings outspread.

----·

20

body angled from the ground, head down (family Yponomeutidae);

~zsf!!" (b)

body angled from the ground, head up (sub-family Gracillariinae, some Pyralidae)

Greater numbers of both species were observed, along with pugnacious Large Skippers, in a particularly sheltered gully vegetated by bird's foot trefoil, rockrose, kidney vetch and tussocky grasses. The Fririllaries appeared to be engaged in conducting airborne patrols along the length of the gully, behaviour often exhibited by males attempting to locate unmated females lying concealed among the vegetation [l]. Such activities were occasionally postponed in favour of feeding, although glimpses of the underwing markings from which the species derives its name were rarely permitted. Watching the numerous Northern Brown Arguses, it soon became evident that individuals of this species have a unique charm which belies both their size and comparatively drab appearance.

Furthermore, it was interesting to note the presence of a white discoidal spot on each upper forewing as this feature is normally only associated with Scottish colonies [2].

Interestingly, the Small Blue appeared to be absent despite the presence of the larval foodplant, flowering kidney vetch, and the sheltered hollows favoured by the adult butterflies, whilst the emergence of the Common Blue had yet to commence.

Ascending the scarp, the terrain became.more exposed and the vegetation somewhat sparse. This transition was accompanied by a marked fall in Northern Brown Argus numbers, this species being replaced by Wall Brown, Dingy Skipper, Small Heath and, judging by its tattered condition, an over-wintered Small Tortoiseshell. Numbers of the former two species were greatest among the crumbling limestone on the scarp face, the Wall Brown preferring to bask for prolonged periods whilst the Skipper would rypically alight for a few moments before taking to the air, soon

The Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary{Boloriaselene)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

to be lost from view amidst a frenzy of

blurred wings. The Small Pearl- bordered Fritillary could still be observed, now recognisable by its distinctive flight which involved a flick of its seemingly elongate wings proceeded by long periods of gliding and an ability to maintain a constant altitude above the undulating ground.

On the morning of the 24th, I contemplated a final trip to the site, on this occasion to search specifically for a species whose presence essentially elevates the reserve's status to that of national importance, the High Brown Fritillary.

Despite the prospect of poor weather and conscious of the fact that High brown emergence does not normally commence until July [3], the allure of the species proved too great and by early afrernoon I was moving purposefully across the limesrone pavement towards what appeared to be the more promising High Brown habitat of woodland edge and bracken-filled

9

The Suffolk Argus

May 1995

gully. The necrar of rhisde flowers is favoured by rhe High Brown Fritillary [4] and as I began ro comb rhe terrain it became apparent that the narrow tracks would invariably lead ro groups of such plants poking our above rhe swarhes of bracken.

Each flowerhead was examined and I was distracted only by the sight of richly coloured, bur indistinct, butterlies inactive amongst the fronds. I would approach slowly to be captivated by the complexity of rhe wing markings yet invariably disappointed as they were identified as Small Pearl-bordered Fritillaries. Shortly, rhe first spots of rain could be felt and I reluctantly retraced my steps back towards the sanctuary of the car, already beginning to plan future expeditions to Warton Crag.

.... ·~ "·..... . .

'\,

/ :<

,

References 1. Wilmot, KJ & Emmet, A.M., 1989.

Boloria Selene (Denis& Schiffirmuller) The Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary, pp 217-219. In Emmer, A.M. & Heath,] (Eds), The Moths and Bunerflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 7, Part 1, Hespiridae-Nymphalidae, The Butterflies, ix, 370pp., 24 col. pls.

Colchester.

2. Melling, T., 1989. Aricia_Artaxeres (Fabricius) The Northern Brown Argus, pp 154-156. In Emmer, A.M. & Heath, J (Eds), The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 7, Part 1, Hespiridae-Nymphalidae, The Butterflies, ix, 370 pp., 24 col. pls.

Colchester.

3. Baiky, KE.J & Emmet, A. M., 1989.

Argynnis Adippe (Denis & Schiffermuller)The High Brown Fritillary, pp. 225-228. In Emmet, A.M. & Heath, J (Eds), The Morhs and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 7, Part 1, HespiridaeNymphalidae, The Butterflies, ix, 370pp., 24 col. pls. Colchester.

4. Baiky, KE.J & Emmet, A.M., 1989.

Argynnis Adippe (Denis& Schiffermuller) The High Brown Fritillary, pp. 225-228. In Emmer, A.M. & Heath, J (Eds), The Morhs and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 7, Part 1, HespiridaeNymphalidae, The Butterflies,ix,370 pp., 24 cols.pls. Colchester.

10

Figure2

Figure4

Areas of the forcwing

Pattern Feature-Spots & Stigmas

(B) (D) (PD) (SM)

(D) (C) (0) (R) (S)

basal region discal (or medial) region; post discal (or post medial) region sub-marginal (or rermial) region.

discal spot claviform stigma orbicular stigma; reniform stigma sub--reniform stigma

.

-

·o--<~ dorsum

~

-

..

•

-D

- -~-

.. oS~- -

tornus

Figure3

Figure5

Pattern Features-Streaks

Pattern Feature-Bands (Fascia)

(A) (B) (T)

(B) (SB) (AM) (M) (PM) (ST) (T)

apical streak basal streak tornal streak

basal patch sub-basal fascia ante-median fascia median fascia post-median fascia sub-terminal fascia terminal fascia

AM

19

The Suffolk Argus

May 1995

(d)

pectinate (comb-like)

Metnber's Evening,27th January, 1995

(e)

lamellate (flattened)

by Steve Goddard

Figure1 Antennae structures (a)

(b)

dentate (toothed)

Kindly Sponsoredby

setaceous (bristle-like)

(t)

ciliate (with short hairs)

Butterfly HOTELS

(c)

serrate (saw toothed)

also: filiform (thread-like or simple), plumose (feathery) and fasciculate (tufted). note that the prefix 'bi-' is used if the feature occurs on both sides of the antenna

18

Twenty Six members defied a very wet night to enjoy our very first Member's Evening in Bury Sr. Edmunds generously sponsored by Butterfly Hotels. The evening consisted of slide presentations, a quiz, raffle as well as a display of moths (voucher specimens) collected for further research by Roger Kendrick during his recent visit to Hong Kong, the subject of his own talk.

Following an introduction to the evening by our Chairman, the first presenters were our husband and wife team, Michael and Jenny Kelsey. They gave us a carefully planned blend of Southern European and British butterflies with their usual warmth and enthusiasm. Michael told us that he is not a photographer but you had to be there to judge for yourself. This man is modest beyond belief! The presentation went to the very heart of what attracts us to butterflies focusing the mind on their pure beauty, ephemeral nature and existence in the warm, sunny places where we love to be.

Roger Kendrick then took us to some beautiful, rich habitats of Hong Kong concentrating on the Mai Po marshes, places most of us are unlikely to ever be! What a marvellous place. Indian Moon moths with up to one foot wingspans and other exotic species we can only enjoy in presentations such as this.

Richard Stewarts' remarkable series of shots homed in on butterfly camouflage and their predators. A clever presentation inviting the audience to find camouflaged insects for themselves by pointing at the screen. This clearly reflected the real Iife problems of locating resting butterflies. This was followed by an entertaining quiz produced by Richard and his wife Marie.

Do you know how a male and female butterfly can otherwise be described or what is unique about the Speckled Wood? How about osmaterium or ocelli? (answers overleaf).

11

The Suffolk Argus

First prize went to local member Mervyn Crawford, after a 'play-off with our moth man, Roger Kendrick. It took a third replay before a local knowledge question gave Mervyn the advantage. Just as well as Richard was fast running out of questions.

The lovely Val Baines illumated book was the reward.

After the raffie draw everyone headed for home after a most inreresting and entertaining first members evening.

Thankfully, the rain which had failed to dampen the spirits of those attending had now stopped, making for a more comfortable return journey.

Thanks again to Butterfly Hotels for helping us to make this evening possible.

May 1995

Member's Evening Quiz Answers: Male Butterfly: Cock Female Butterfly: Hen Speckled Wood unique feature: Only

species to overwinter as either larva or pupa.

Osmeterium: An extruding pair of fleshy,

horn-like scent glands found behind the head of any species of Papilionidae larvae.

(In UK, Papilio Machaon britannicus). This organ produces a pungent scent and is considered to be a protective device chiefly against parasitic insects.

Ocelli: I) Simple eyes. Sensitive areas sometimes showing on the top of the head of a moth or butterfly as raised spots. Larvae do not have a compound eye but have ocelli on the side of the head. It seems unlikely that ocelli can produce true images.

They may be used simply for detecting variations in light intensity.

Eye-like spots on the wing.

• The incredible • Indian Moon Moth : (Actiasselene)

12

parts and patterns. One very useful feature worth noting is the length of the forewing costa and the length of the shortest distance from the tornus to the costa (see figure 6), as the ratio between these two distances may be characteristic, especially for some of the more difficult groups such as the pugs (Geometridae).

Although the resting position of moths is not used for classification, it is still one of the best characteristics for aiding species identification in the field. Unfortunately, some of the most comprehensive identification guides illustrate moths only in the "set" position, which does not reflect the resting positions of different species. The resting position is composed of many features, three of which are very helpful in the identification process and should be noted in the field. These are how the wings are held, the stance of the body and the way the antennae are held. Wing positions vary enormously around three main positions; wings tent-like over the body (tectiform), wings rolled around the body (involute) or wings flattened, in a range from over the body (folded and overlapping) to held away from the body (as in a "set" specimen) (see figure 7). Some groups do differ, with wings held, for example, upright over the body, forming a V shape above the body (when seen head on), or in a distinctive T position-with wings either folded or rolled (when viewed from above) (see figure 8).

The body stance is generally flat to, or slightly raised above the ground, again though there are some notable exceptions with the body angled to the ground, either with the head end closest to the ground, or with the posterior end closest to the ground (see figure 9). The amount of variation shown when it comes to where the antennae are placed when a moth is at rest seems almost unlimited. Despite this, some positions are very characteristic, especially

that of the family Pyralidae, who hold their antennae flat over their backs when at rest.

Other families use a range from tucked under the wings ro held vertically above the head, or in front of the head pointing forward or sideways from the head.

This outline should help ro give a feel of what ro look for when trying ro identify a moth or butterfly in the field. Clearly the closer one can get, the easier it is to see the features described and then record them. A photograph often provides extra evidence for adding to, or confirming descriptions.

Further information on most of these features is available in many of the identification guides and other texts that cover moths and butterflies, although there are three worth looking at to expand upon the features described above; these books are:

*

Heath and Emmet (editors), 1992, The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland (volume 7, part 2), Harley Books - chapter 2 'RestingPosturein the Lepidoptera'byTweed.lie & Emmer.

*

Reicholf-Riehm,1991, Field Guide to Butterflies and Moths of Britain & Europe, Crowood Press.

*

Chinery,1986, Collins Guide

to the Insects of Britain & Western Europe, Collins.

Pleaseseeoverleaffor diagrams...

17

The SuffolkArgus

Identification ofMothsMaking Field Notes

by RogerKendrick

16

May 1995

The aim of this article is co provide you with a means of being able co record what is seen in the form of a description, so chat the described moth (or butterfly) may then be accurately identified from field notes at anytime, and by anyone familiar with moths and butterflies, thereafter.

In the field there are several characteristics chat can be used to identify any moth species in Suffolk co at least the genus level; the most important being body and wing shapes and wing patterns. A fourth character, resting position, is also of great assistance in identifying groups of species and, in some cases, enables closely related species co be cold apart. Other features that are always noteworthy are the location, the rime, the dare, the weather (temperature and wind direction at least must be recorded) and any particularly notable behaviour (e.g. swarming over leaves, hovering over grass). All these features together add up to a particular set of circumstances that should enable almost every species that may be encountered to be identified.

On the body, features to note are whether the body is scout or slender, are there any prominent tufts of hair or are there any distinct marks or bands present.

Also note the shape, length and suucture of the antennae (see figure 1).

The wings give perhaps the best clues as co what species is being observed. Wing colour can be of use, bur in many species is so variable char it is oflirtle use on its own, but when combined with wing patterns the combination is often diagnostic, so colouration and wing patterning must be recorded. A simple range of terms is used to describe pattern forms and the points on the wing where they may occur. It is essential that these terms are understood, known and applied when making notes. Figures 2 to 5 illustrate the component features of wing

Butterfly HOTELS

Bury St. Edmunds A purpose built Hotel with all the facilities char today's travellers require yet in a rustic traditional environment that is welcoming and comfortable.

Walt's Restaurant and Bar This is the focal point at the Butterfly Hotel, where every meal is an occasion.

Our new menu comprises of dishes such as Chilli, Cajun Chicken, Indonesian King Prawns, Pasta dishes, Steak House Grill and the popular 10oz. Rib Eye Steak. The Restaurant is open for lunch and dinner 7 days a week.

Recently introduced is the Sunday Roast dinner. If you miss Sunday Lunch we are now serving a roast in the evening too, from 6.30 pm till 9 pm.

Main Course £6.95, 2 Courses £9.45 & 3 Courses £11.95.

We also cater for Wedding Receptions and private dining.

So why not call Mr or Mrs Leech to discuss your special requirements.

(01284) 760884 ButterflyHotel, A45 8uryEastExit.

Moreton Hall,

BurySt. Edm~ds

13

The Suffolk Argus

Rare Butterflies

in Suffolk 1994

by Richard Stewart

Camberwell Beauty (Nymphalis antwpa)

14

May 1995

Although 1994 will hardly be viewed as a vintage butterfly year, three records of rarities are of significance. The first concerns the Camberwell Beauty (Nymphalis antiopa L.) seen by Ken Youngs, Chairman of the Botesdale and Rickinghall Countryside Preservation Group. He and his wife witnessed the butterfly on 21st August, in their back garden at Rickinghall Inferior at about 8 pm. It was observed for about four minutes as it alighted on their Czar plum tree. The attraction was the wasp damaged fruit left after picking the crop, though actual feeding was not observed. The full description included the word 'breathtaking'.The last record was near Manlesham Creek in 1993.

Two observations concerned the Monarch or Milkweed (Danus plex.ippus L.). The Butterflies of Suffolk' (Mendel and Piotrowski) does not record this rare butterfly after 1946 except for a 'rumour' in 1981. The first sighting was on August 3rd, at Wolsey's Creek on the Blyth Estuary. A full description was provided by John Cawston, editor of 'The Harrier', who added that he had seen them previously in the Isles of Scilly. He and Eric Patrick witnessed it through binoculars at a distance of about twenty yards, describing the flight as 'foppy'.

The second record was appended to the garden butterfly sheet sent in by Kevin Smith of Woodbridge. He also commented on the flight as being 'verybuoyant' and 'flappingits wings very occasionally,mostly gliding'. The butterfly was seen when Kevin was contacted by Gary Milldown who lives in Peterhouse Crescent, where the butterfly was observed for fifteen minutes, flying around a buddleja bush. It alighted, bur not long enough for a photograph to be taken.

Again, a full description was given. This second sighting was on August 21st, eighteen days after the first. Bearing in mind the earlier one was seen flying east, it is

unlikely that this was the same specimen, especially as Kevin Smith commented on its good condition, without tear or marking on the wings. This leads to the tantalising bur unanswerable question-where did they come from? Unfonunately, Wenhaston, the home of a self-confessed butterfly releaser is not far away, in terms of a Monarch's range, from both locations. The nearest bunerfly farm is at Great Yarmouth and the third possibility is the most exciting; that they were part of a migration either from the USA or the more recently established colonies in the Canary Islands and Madeira.

All records will obviously go to the Biological Records Centre and I have also contacted Nick Bowles, the co-ordinator of national records for Butterfly Conservation.

As a final note, only two other verified records of Monarchs arose in 1994. One was in Somerset on September 2nd, and the second on September 11th, in Sussex. t-

Monarch (Danaus plexippus)

15

The Suffolk Argus

Rare Butterflies

in Suffolk 1994

by Richard Stewart

Camberwell Beauty (Nymphalis antwpa)

14

May 1995

Although 1994 will hardly be viewed as a vintage butterfly year, three records of rarities are of significance. The first concerns the Camberwell Beauty (Nymphalis antiopa L.) seen by Ken Youngs, Chairman of the Botesdale and Rickinghall Countryside Preservation Group. He and his wife witnessed the butterfly on 21st August, in their back garden at Rickinghall Inferior at about 8 pm. It was observed for about four minutes as it alighted on their Czar plum tree. The attraction was the wasp damaged fruit left after picking the crop, though actual feeding was not observed. The full description included the word 'breathtaking'.The last record was near Manlesham Creek in 1993.

Two observations concerned the Monarch or Milkweed (Danus plex.ippus L.). The Butterflies of Suffolk' (Mendel and Piotrowski) does not record this rare butterfly after 1946 except for a 'rumour' in 1981. The first sighting was on August 3rd, at Wolsey's Creek on the Blyth Estuary. A full description was provided by John Cawston, editor of 'The Harrier', who added that he had seen them previously in the Isles of Scilly. He and Eric Patrick witnessed it through binoculars at a distance of about twenty yards, describing the flight as 'foppy'.

The second record was appended to the garden butterfly sheet sent in by Kevin Smith of Woodbridge. He also commented on the flight as being 'verybuoyant' and 'flappingits wings very occasionally,mostly gliding'. The butterfly was seen when Kevin was contacted by Gary Milldown who lives in Peterhouse Crescent, where the butterfly was observed for fifteen minutes, flying around a buddleja bush. It alighted, bur not long enough for a photograph to be taken.

Again, a full description was given. This second sighting was on August 21st, eighteen days after the first. Bearing in mind the earlier one was seen flying east, it is

unlikely that this was the same specimen, especially as Kevin Smith commented on its good condition, without tear or marking on the wings. This leads to the tantalising bur unanswerable question-where did they come from? Unfonunately, Wenhaston, the home of a self-confessed butterfly releaser is not far away, in terms of a Monarch's range, from both locations. The nearest bunerfly farm is at Great Yarmouth and the third possibility is the most exciting; that they were part of a migration either from the USA or the more recently established colonies in the Canary Islands and Madeira.

All records will obviously go to the Biological Records Centre and I have also contacted Nick Bowles, the co-ordinator of national records for Butterfly Conservation.

As a final note, only two other verified records of Monarchs arose in 1994. One was in Somerset on September 2nd, and the second on September 11th, in Sussex. t-

Monarch (Danaus plexippus)

15

The SuffolkArgus

Identification ofMothsMaking Field Notes

by RogerKendrick

16

May 1995

The aim of this article is co provide you with a means of being able co record what is seen in the form of a description, so chat the described moth (or butterfly) may then be accurately identified from field notes at anytime, and by anyone familiar with moths and butterflies, thereafter.

In the field there are several characteristics chat can be used to identify any moth species in Suffolk co at least the genus level; the most important being body and wing shapes and wing patterns. A fourth character, resting position, is also of great assistance in identifying groups of species and, in some cases, enables closely related species co be cold apart. Other features that are always noteworthy are the location, the rime, the dare, the weather (temperature and wind direction at least must be recorded) and any particularly notable behaviour (e.g. swarming over leaves, hovering over grass). All these features together add up to a particular set of circumstances that should enable almost every species that may be encountered to be identified.

On the body, features to note are whether the body is scout or slender, are there any prominent tufts of hair or are there any distinct marks or bands present.

Also note the shape, length and suucture of the antennae (see figure 1).

The wings give perhaps the best clues as co what species is being observed. Wing colour can be of use, bur in many species is so variable char it is oflirtle use on its own, but when combined with wing patterns the combination is often diagnostic, so colouration and wing patterning must be recorded. A simple range of terms is used to describe pattern forms and the points on the wing where they may occur. It is essential that these terms are understood, known and applied when making notes. Figures 2 to 5 illustrate the component features of wing

Butterfly HOTELS

Bury St. Edmunds A purpose built Hotel with all the facilities char today's travellers require yet in a rustic traditional environment that is welcoming and comfortable.

Walt's Restaurant and Bar This is the focal point at the Butterfly Hotel, where every meal is an occasion.

Our new menu comprises of dishes such as Chilli, Cajun Chicken, Indonesian King Prawns, Pasta dishes, Steak House Grill and the popular 10oz. Rib Eye Steak. The Restaurant is open for lunch and dinner 7 days a week.

Recently introduced is the Sunday Roast dinner. If you miss Sunday Lunch we are now serving a roast in the evening too, from 6.30 pm till 9 pm.

Main Course £6.95, 2 Courses £9.45 & 3 Courses £11.95.

We also cater for Wedding Receptions and private dining.

So why not call Mr or Mrs Leech to discuss your special requirements.

(01284) 760884 ButterflyHotel, A45 8uryEastExit.

Moreton Hall,

BurySt. Edm~ds

13

The Suffolk Argus

First prize went to local member Mervyn Crawford, after a 'play-off with our moth man, Roger Kendrick. It took a third replay before a local knowledge question gave Mervyn the advantage. Just as well as Richard was fast running out of questions.

The lovely Val Baines illumated book was the reward.

After the raffie draw everyone headed for home after a most inreresting and entertaining first members evening.

Thankfully, the rain which had failed to dampen the spirits of those attending had now stopped, making for a more comfortable return journey.

Thanks again to Butterfly Hotels for helping us to make this evening possible.

May 1995

Member's Evening Quiz Answers: Male Butterfly: Cock Female Butterfly: Hen Speckled Wood unique feature: Only

species to overwinter as either larva or pupa.

Osmeterium: An extruding pair of fleshy,

horn-like scent glands found behind the head of any species of Papilionidae larvae.

(In UK, Papilio Machaon britannicus). This organ produces a pungent scent and is considered to be a protective device chiefly against parasitic insects.

Ocelli: I) Simple eyes. Sensitive areas sometimes showing on the top of the head of a moth or butterfly as raised spots. Larvae do not have a compound eye but have ocelli on the side of the head. It seems unlikely that ocelli can produce true images.

They may be used simply for detecting variations in light intensity.

Eye-like spots on the wing.

• The incredible • Indian Moon Moth : (Actiasselene)

12

parts and patterns. One very useful feature worth noting is the length of the forewing costa and the length of the shortest distance from the tornus to the costa (see figure 6), as the ratio between these two distances may be characteristic, especially for some of the more difficult groups such as the pugs (Geometridae).

Although the resting position of moths is not used for classification, it is still one of the best characteristics for aiding species identification in the field. Unfortunately, some of the most comprehensive identification guides illustrate moths only in the "set" position, which does not reflect the resting positions of different species. The resting position is composed of many features, three of which are very helpful in the identification process and should be noted in the field. These are how the wings are held, the stance of the body and the way the antennae are held. Wing positions vary enormously around three main positions; wings tent-like over the body (tectiform), wings rolled around the body (involute) or wings flattened, in a range from over the body (folded and overlapping) to held away from the body (as in a "set" specimen) (see figure 7). Some groups do differ, with wings held, for example, upright over the body, forming a V shape above the body (when seen head on), or in a distinctive T position-with wings either folded or rolled (when viewed from above) (see figure 8).

The body stance is generally flat to, or slightly raised above the ground, again though there are some notable exceptions with the body angled to the ground, either with the head end closest to the ground, or with the posterior end closest to the ground (see figure 9). The amount of variation shown when it comes to where the antennae are placed when a moth is at rest seems almost unlimited. Despite this, some positions are very characteristic, especially

that of the family Pyralidae, who hold their antennae flat over their backs when at rest.

Other families use a range from tucked under the wings ro held vertically above the head, or in front of the head pointing forward or sideways from the head.

This outline should help ro give a feel of what ro look for when trying ro identify a moth or butterfly in the field. Clearly the closer one can get, the easier it is to see the features described and then record them. A photograph often provides extra evidence for adding to, or confirming descriptions.

Further information on most of these features is available in many of the identification guides and other texts that cover moths and butterflies, although there are three worth looking at to expand upon the features described above; these books are:

*

Heath and Emmet (editors), 1992, The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland (volume 7, part 2), Harley Books - chapter 2 'RestingPosturein the Lepidoptera'byTweed.lie & Emmer.

*

Reicholf-Riehm,1991, Field Guide to Butterflies and Moths of Britain & Europe, Crowood Press.

*

Chinery,1986, Collins Guide

to the Insects of Britain & Western Europe, Collins.

Pleaseseeoverleaffor diagrams...

17

The Suffolk Argus

May 1995

(d)

pectinate (comb-like)

Metnber's Evening,27th January, 1995

(e)

lamellate (flattened)

by Steve Goddard

Figure1 Antennae structures (a)

(b)

dentate (toothed)

Kindly Sponsoredby

setaceous (bristle-like)

(t)

ciliate (with short hairs)

Butterfly HOTELS

(c)

serrate (saw toothed)

also: filiform (thread-like or simple), plumose (feathery) and fasciculate (tufted). note that the prefix 'bi-' is used if the feature occurs on both sides of the antenna

18

Twenty Six members defied a very wet night to enjoy our very first Member's Evening in Bury Sr. Edmunds generously sponsored by Butterfly Hotels. The evening consisted of slide presentations, a quiz, raffle as well as a display of moths (voucher specimens) collected for further research by Roger Kendrick during his recent visit to Hong Kong, the subject of his own talk.

Following an introduction to the evening by our Chairman, the first presenters were our husband and wife team, Michael and Jenny Kelsey. They gave us a carefully planned blend of Southern European and British butterflies with their usual warmth and enthusiasm. Michael told us that he is not a photographer but you had to be there to judge for yourself. This man is modest beyond belief! The presentation went to the very heart of what attracts us to butterflies focusing the mind on their pure beauty, ephemeral nature and existence in the warm, sunny places where we love to be.

Roger Kendrick then took us to some beautiful, rich habitats of Hong Kong concentrating on the Mai Po marshes, places most of us are unlikely to ever be! What a marvellous place. Indian Moon moths with up to one foot wingspans and other exotic species we can only enjoy in presentations such as this.

Richard Stewarts' remarkable series of shots homed in on butterfly camouflage and their predators. A clever presentation inviting the audience to find camouflaged insects for themselves by pointing at the screen. This clearly reflected the real Iife problems of locating resting butterflies. This was followed by an entertaining quiz produced by Richard and his wife Marie.

Do you know how a male and female butterfly can otherwise be described or what is unique about the Speckled Wood? How about osmaterium or ocelli? (answers overleaf).

11

The Suffolk Argus

May 1995

gully. The necrar of rhisde flowers is favoured by rhe High Brown Fritillary [4] and as I began ro comb rhe terrain it became apparent that the narrow tracks would invariably lead ro groups of such plants poking our above rhe swarhes of bracken.

Each flowerhead was examined and I was distracted only by the sight of richly coloured, bur indistinct, butterlies inactive amongst the fronds. I would approach slowly to be captivated by the complexity of rhe wing markings yet invariably disappointed as they were identified as Small Pearl-bordered Fritillaries. Shortly, rhe first spots of rain could be felt and I reluctantly retraced my steps back towards the sanctuary of the car, already beginning to plan future expeditions to Warton Crag.

.... ·~ "·..... . .

'\,

/ :<

,

References 1. Wilmot, KJ & Emmet, A.M., 1989.

Boloria Selene (Denis& Schiffirmuller) The Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary, pp 217-219. In Emmer, A.M. & Heath,] (Eds), The Moths and Bunerflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 7, Part 1, Hespiridae-Nymphalidae, The Butterflies, ix, 370pp., 24 col. pls.

Colchester.

2. Melling, T., 1989. Aricia_Artaxeres (Fabricius) The Northern Brown Argus, pp 154-156. In Emmer, A.M. & Heath, J (Eds), The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 7, Part 1, Hespiridae-Nymphalidae, The Butterflies, ix, 370 pp., 24 col. pls.

Colchester.

3. Baiky, KE.J & Emmet, A. M., 1989.

Argynnis Adippe (Denis & Schiffermuller)The High Brown Fritillary, pp. 225-228. In Emmet, A.M. & Heath, J (Eds), The Morhs and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 7, Part 1, HespiridaeNymphalidae, The Butterflies, ix, 370pp., 24 col. pls. Colchester.

4. Baiky, KE.J & Emmet, A.M., 1989.

Argynnis Adippe (Denis& Schiffermuller) The High Brown Fritillary, pp. 225-228. In Emmer, A.M. & Heath, J (Eds), The Morhs and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 7, Part 1, HespiridaeNymphalidae, The Butterflies,ix,370 pp., 24 cols.pls. Colchester.

10

Figure2

Figure4

Areas of the forcwing

Pattern Feature-Spots & Stigmas

(B) (D) (PD) (SM)

(D) (C) (0) (R) (S)

basal region discal (or medial) region; post discal (or post medial) region sub-marginal (or rermial) region.

discal spot claviform stigma orbicular stigma; reniform stigma sub--reniform stigma

.

-

·o--<~ dorsum

~

-

..

•

-D

- -~-

.. oS~- -

tornus

Figure3

Figure5

Pattern Features-Streaks

Pattern Feature-Bands (Fascia)

(A) (B) (T)

(B) (SB) (AM) (M) (PM) (ST) (T)

apical streak basal streak tornal streak

basal patch sub-basal fascia ante-median fascia median fascia post-median fascia sub-terminal fascia terminal fascia

AM

19

The Suffolk Argus

May 1995

Figure6

Figure8

Forewing Shape

Unusual Wing Positions

Ratio of costa length to the shortest distance between the tornus and costa

{a)

wings upright above the body

II

(b)

(c)

Figure7

-

wings angled above the body

V

wings rolled or folded at right angles to the body to form a 'T' - plume moths

Typical Wing Positions {a)

tectiform (tent-like)

(b)

involute (rolled around the body)

Figure9 Unusual Body Stance (a)

(c)

flattened, wings folded & overlapping

(d)

flattened, wings outspread.

----·

20

body angled from the ground, head down (family Yponomeutidae);

~zsf!!" (b)

body angled from the ground, head up (sub-family Gracillariinae, some Pyralidae)

Greater numbers of both species were observed, along with pugnacious Large Skippers, in a particularly sheltered gully vegetated by bird's foot trefoil, rockrose, kidney vetch and tussocky grasses. The Fririllaries appeared to be engaged in conducting airborne patrols along the length of the gully, behaviour often exhibited by males attempting to locate unmated females lying concealed among the vegetation [l]. Such activities were occasionally postponed in favour of feeding, although glimpses of the underwing markings from which the species derives its name were rarely permitted. Watching the numerous Northern Brown Arguses, it soon became evident that individuals of this species have a unique charm which belies both their size and comparatively drab appearance.

Furthermore, it was interesting to note the presence of a white discoidal spot on each upper forewing as this feature is normally only associated with Scottish colonies [2].

Interestingly, the Small Blue appeared to be absent despite the presence of the larval foodplant, flowering kidney vetch, and the sheltered hollows favoured by the adult butterflies, whilst the emergence of the Common Blue had yet to commence.

Ascending the scarp, the terrain became.more exposed and the vegetation somewhat sparse. This transition was accompanied by a marked fall in Northern Brown Argus numbers, this species being replaced by Wall Brown, Dingy Skipper, Small Heath and, judging by its tattered condition, an over-wintered Small Tortoiseshell. Numbers of the former two species were greatest among the crumbling limestone on the scarp face, the Wall Brown preferring to bask for prolonged periods whilst the Skipper would rypically alight for a few moments before taking to the air, soon

The Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary{Boloriaselene)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

to be lost from view amidst a frenzy of

blurred wings. The Small Pearl- bordered Fritillary could still be observed, now recognisable by its distinctive flight which involved a flick of its seemingly elongate wings proceeded by long periods of gliding and an ability to maintain a constant altitude above the undulating ground.

On the morning of the 24th, I contemplated a final trip to the site, on this occasion to search specifically for a species whose presence essentially elevates the reserve's status to that of national importance, the High Brown Fritillary.

Despite the prospect of poor weather and conscious of the fact that High brown emergence does not normally commence until July [3], the allure of the species proved too great and by early afrernoon I was moving purposefully across the limesrone pavement towards what appeared to be the more promising High Brown habitat of woodland edge and bracken-filled

9

The Suffolk Argus

Away from home ...

Warton Crag on the Lancashire/ Cumbria border

by Paul Johnson

Northern Brown Argus • (Aricia artaxerxes) •

8

May 1995

June 24th 1994.

The grey expanse of Morecambe Bay, clouds scurrying across an ever darkening sky and an undulating terrain overgrown with bracken and bordered by scrubby woodland. A seemingly inhospitable environment. However, closer observation revealed a number of Small Pearl-bordered Fritillaries seeking shelter amongst the vegetation, their richly coloured and intricately patterned wings held open, almost moulding to the contours of the bracken fronds. Beneath the seemingly dense growth, common dog violets, larval foodplant of the Small Pearl-bordered and a number of other Fritillary species, were flourishing. Within minutes the weather had deteriorated further, banishing the Fritillaries to the most sheltered recesses of the undergrowth and bringing to a premature close my exploration of the limestone escarpment of Warton Crag.

Three days earlier I had arrivedat the reserve, following a narrow track as ic wound its way through dense woodland and becoming increasingly sceptical, despite the intense heat being generated by the June sunshine, as to the likelihood of any notable sightings in such a location. However, following a steep ascent the path emerged onto a limestone pavement which had been eroded co create a series of interconnected nooks and gullies. Within minutes, Fritillaries neccaring from a prominent bramble and a charismatic, sooty brown butterfly perching upon a grass stem were being avidly observed, and I paused only coleaf through the pages of the identification guide and scribble down the words Small Pearl-bordered and Northern Brown Argus onto a notepad. Had the site been visited on a similarly sunny day in lace May, the words Duke of Burgundy and Pearlbordered Fritillary would have almost certainly appeared.

Butterfly Aberrations

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .

by Steve Goddard Every now and again, nature throws up fascinating colour variations in butterflies.

One such occasion which recently came to our attention was in September 1991 when an aberrant Red Admiral (Vanessa Atalanta} turned up in the garden of Branch member, Colin Chapman {See also

'Summer Lilacs').

It differed from the norm in that che usual scarlet fascia was in this case, yellow.

This is a recognised aberrant known as 'jlavescem'after Fritsch.

Have any of you recorded such aberrations? It would be interesting co report chem.

Early Butterflies • • • • • • • • • ••••••

I. ••••

Branch member, ChrisMcGrath brings co our attention a February flight sighting of a Vanessid whilst staying near Bexhill, Sussex.

He concludes that ic was more than likely a Peacock which certainly matches his description of 'a large,dark butterflyflying high and strongoverhead'.We have had similar repons in Suffolk for the corresponding period.

Its early appearance raised some questions in Chris's mind; How far had it travelled chat day? Would it find refuge that night? Had it emerged by mistake and jeapordised its survival? Had it been able ro stock up its reserves during the day, better enabling it co continue its hibernation?

Chris would welcome any views on these observations via the Newsletter.

Ed. Notes Take a closerlook next time you spot a butterfly--it's not always what it may seem!

Of the hibernating British butterflies, Chris's observation of a dark butterfly is most likely to be one of either; Small Tortoiseshell, Comma or Peacock.

(Brimstone identification being more evident!). However, Red Admiral can no longer be ruled out entirely, particularly in the South.

Chris's other questions are much more difficult co answer buc arousal from hibernation either by disturbance or increase in temperature or daylight and wasting energy in unneccesary flight, can certainly threaten a butterfly's survival. What do you think?

21

The Suffolk Argus

A Butterfly Watcher's

FieldKit

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

by Steve Goddard

May 1995

Whilst packing my rucksac recently I thought to myself, 'I wonder what other insect watchers carry around with them?' It then occurred to me that this could be an interesting theme for our newsletter. It would be particularly interesting to see what guides to identification we use. So let's share the contents of our pockets and bags. To gee us started I will reveal the contents of my field kit. In no particular order:

Binoculars: For birds and butterflies (particularly tree-top Hairstreaks).

Monocular: For real close-ups when binoculars fail.

(See Volume 3, October 1994 for more details).

Notebook and pencil: Policeman style for easy noteraking of those all important species numbers, descriptions and habitat notes.

Hand Lens:

For thosereal close-upsyou'll needsomeform of magnification

For examining eggs in particular.

(JO x Mag recommended). Alas, much under-used since I rarely look for them as I should. (Often an easier way of recording the presence of some species such as Orange-tip).

SLR Camera and 100mm macro lens: To capture those special moments.

Light weight stool: For resting a while!

22

Brown, were observed basking in sheltered hollows. However, attention was centred upon the flurry of activity around the growths of sea holly where innumerable Common Blues could be seen nectaring voraciously on and jostling for position around, the pale blooms. Such was the popularity of this particular nectar source that any one flowerhead was typically frequented by as many as five or six of the butterflies. Whilst the violet blue upperwings of the males provided a striking visual display, the diversity of colouration exhibited by female members of the species provoked considerable interest. In a rime when butterflies are often only sighted in their one's and two's, the spectacle of as many as two hundred Common Blues thriving in what is no more than a fragment of coastline was a quire memorable experience.

A number of the original party chose to explore further and move on to the contrasting wood.land habitat of Kenton Hills. The periphery of the site has been quite generously planted, albeit for mainly cosmetic purposes, with deciduous trees and it was amongst these that Comma, Red Admiral and Purple Hairsrreak were noted.

The former, launching itself from a favoured oak leaf, was engaged in periodical patrols of a small clearing, whilst the hairstreak had descended from its normal treetop haunt and, choosing to ignore bramble flowers, was totally engrossed in feeding upon the juices of a ripe blackberry. This uncharacteristic behaviour was prolonged to the extent that not only was close examination of the silvery underwings possible, but the same individual could still be observed when the walk concluded an hour or so later. Further exploration of the deciduous edge yielded a sighting of a blue butterfly, the speed and height at

which it was flying suggesting that it may have been Holly Blue. Proceeding into the coniferous heart of the sire, numerous Graylings were observed careering along the open sandy rides. Emerging on the far side of the wood.land, the flowering brambles and thistles around a bank of elm trees were scrutinised in the hope of finding a late White-letter H:iirstreak. No 'stragglers' were present, although this could not detract from what had proved to be a thoroughly enjoyable expedition for which the organisers, Michael and Jenny Kelsey, should be warmly thanked.

Clouded Yellow (Colias croceus)

.........

(

\

., I

by BerylJohnson

7

The Suffolk Argus

1994

FieldTrips 'The Final Chapter' The following account will hopefully bring back the warm feeling of summer on these early Spring days. We really did spend some enjoyable hours out and about last year. Why don't you make sure you join us this season, it will be well worth it

6

May 1995

Sizewell Beach, 13th August 1994

by PaulJohnson The prospect of Common Blue inter alia combined with the warmth of the August sunshine again brought a group of members together this time, to the north Suffolk coastline.

Within a matter of minutes, Common Blues and Small Coppers had been noted against the somewhat incongruous backdrop of 'Sizewell B' in a sparsely vegetated area adjacent to the installation's perimeter fencing. 1n addition to being colonised by . bird's foot trefoil and common sorrel, (larval foodplanrs of the Common Blue and Small Copper respectively), this particular location had been invaded by thistle species and it was on these planes that Painted Ladies and Red Admirals were observed. However, amidst considerable excitememt, attention was diverted to the sight of a Clouded Yellow nectaring on one of the purple flowerheads. Such feeding activity proved only momentary for this irregular migrant was almost immediately to cake to the wing, the black borders and golden colouration of the upperwings providing an impressive spectacle as the insect briefly followed the contours of the fencing before flying powerfully out towards the sea. An occasional Grayling would alight on the path, the mottled underside blending on the shingle track, the can10uflage becoming complete as forewing was tucked inside hind thereby obscuring the characteristic eye spot.

Continuing beyond the Sizewell perimeter, the path opened out into a more arid dune environment. Accordingly, greater numbers of Grayling were noted whilst second brood individuals of another member of the satyridae family, the Wall

Mini notebook: Containing identification notes of Suffolk dragonflies lifted from my copy of the excellent Suffolk Dragonflies, (Howard

Menr.k!).

Monthly Life Cycles of Suffolk butterflies: Composed from my copy of the ever helpful Suffolk Butterflies, (Menr.kl& Piotrowski).

Collins Pocket Guide to insects of Britain& W. Europe,

Michael Chinery: Note this is the paperback (inc. Western Europe not Northern. ISBN 0-00-219137-7. £9.99).

I carry this not so much for the brilliant Lewingcon butterfly illustrations but more for identification of the many other insects we meet on our expeditions. All illustrations are of the highest standard and the amount of textual information is remarkable in a handy-sized guide.

The large number of moth illustrations are superb for the home moth-trap.

text whilst in rhe, field. Although it covers the whole of E1.1rope,this is not a problem in the UK if cross-checked with an appropriate county guide which narrows down the species you are looking for.

Lens doth and sting relief!

Well that's my lot, I just have to carry it now!

I look forward to dipping into many of your field kits in the next few issues.

.............

The Mitchell Beazley pock.et guide to Butterflies,

Paul Whalley: A superb mini-pocket version of Butterflies of Britain & Ireland ( Thomasand Lewington)but for the coverage of the whole of Europe.

(ISBN 0-8533-348-0 £6.99). I like this guide for its perfect illustrations and concise text and all in a slim volume. The main benefits for me are access to condensed diagnostic characteristics and descriptions along-side each accurate illustration (including male and female differences) without the need to wade through long

23

The SuffolkArgus

Suffolk Butterflies • 1n

1994

by RichardStewart

The Wall (or Wall Brown) : (Lasiommatamegera)•

24

May 1995

The first record was of a Small Tortoiseshell in a Woodbridge garden on 25th, January. By March 14th, Brimstone, Comma, Peacock and Large White had been added. Of the early flying single generation butterffies, the Green Hairstreak was seen in good numbers at the coastal colonies and at Bixley Farm but the OrangeTip's flight periodwas punctuated by cold and wet conditions.

However, it was recordedup to the last week ofJune and was presentin 74% of the gardens covered in the 1994 survey.

Wall Brown, Common Blue and to a lesser extent Green-veinedWhite, were noted in smallernumbersand comparativefigures from North Warrengave a Common Blue first generationindex of 39, comparedto 251 in 1993; the Wall Brown index was 16, comparedto 66 and LargeWhite numberswere the lowest ever recorded there.

Thankfully, the County's rarest breeding species, the Dingy Skipper, was seen at its two breeding sites though concern has been expressed about the suitability of management along the preferred rides of the Icknield Way. The Holly Blue continued its recent 'crash' and was only recorded from just over 18% of the gardens in the Suffolk survey. Early Painted Lady such as that at Fagbury on 24th April, sounded a more promising note, bearing in mind the relative scarcity in 1993.

Generally, the firsthalf of the year in County and National terms was one of reduced populations of most species and June was a particularly depressing month.

Dire warnings in the press and on regional TV along the 'Take a walk in the country and something is missing' lines were however, thankfully premature. In the words of one recorder, 'July seemed to be the trigger time' and it proved to be a superb month for butterfly watching. By the 24th,

Notes from the Editor,

Continued ...

'Summer Lilacs' . . . . . . . . . . .........

.

How would you like to see 400 varieties of Lilac and 30 varieties ofBuddleja? As members of Butterfly Conservation, 1 am delighted co inform you that we are invited by one of our fellows, Colin Chapman to his national collection of Lilacs which includes the 'summerlilacs',Colin's own designation of the 'butterfly bush'.

Colin, who is Executive Vice-President Europe of the International Lilac Society Inc., holds the collection at his home, Norman's Farm, Wyverstone, Scowmarkec, f P 14 4SF. For insurance reasons, visits co the Lilac collection must be by appointment only as must be the visits to the Buddleja's which are open to members of Suffolk Branch only, during August. Please make your own arrangements with Colin by telephoning 01449 781081. Admission is free but it would be appreciated if a donation of £1 is made co Butterfly Conservation during August and to the NCCPG National Collection ofSyringia at other times.

To whet your appetites for the Buddleja visits, Colin tells me that there have been times when the number of butterflies about one's head has, literally, taken his breath away.

Add to this a record of 19 species of butterfly (including the Vanessa aberrant, see page1.\), and this becomes an attraction I

5

The Suffolk Argus

May 1995

1995AGM

. . . . . ..............

.

byJim Mann

Our second AGM was held on 25th March, at the Guardian Sports & Social Club, Ipswich who generously sponsored the event. We did not quite match the attendance of last year but all those present were keen to participate. Perhaps a spring Saturday afternoon is not the right time for anAGM! Andrew Phillips opened the meeting and introduced the members of the committee as they made their reports.

Our Membership Secretary, Paul Gilson, was able to report a current membership of 139 and of his work to recruit more.

Graham Bull, our Treasurer, reported that we were £539.36 in the black!

Our Newsletter Editor, Steve Goddard, was unable to attend due to illness and his report was read by Jim Mann. The new format is very acceptable and the high standard will be maintained provided that the current input of articles from members continues but there will always be room for new contributors.

Roger Kendrick, Conservation Officer (Moths), was unable to attend as he was away 1epresenting the Branch at the Branches Committee Meeting. His report was read by Richard Stewart, Conservation Officer and County Recorder (Butterflies).

Both reports were comprehensive and much of what they have to say on lepidoptera conservation is regularly reported in Suffolk Argus.

4

The Chairman's report referred to other committee workers, particularly Janice Pritchard who does an excellent job both as Secretary and in fond raising at Branch events. Of Alan Johnson, who is responsible for looking afrer Field Trips, a current programme of 14 trips for 1995 speaks for itsel£ Jim Mann chaired the election of the committee and he gave thanks to Andrew Phillips for the dedication he has shown as Chairman, in setting up the Branch and in helping to build the present committee.

Andrew has shown a desire to step down from Chairmanship and to take a less active role on the committee. , Jim then explained the constitution in , that the committee is elected at the AGM with the encumbents of the specific posts being confirmed at the next committee meeting.* Immediately following the formal proceedings it had been intended that Neil Ravenscroft would talk to us about the Silver-scudded Blue but unfortunately he was stranded in foreign parts. His place was more than ably filled, at very short notice,

by Richard Stewart on the subject of Garden Butterflies, a topic on which he talks regularly throughout the year to various groups. An excellent illustrated presentation also suggested how we might attract them to our gardens. This naturally led onto the recording ofbuttedlies particularly having in mind the millennium project.

We ended the day with refreshments, a prize draw and a general informal chat which proved to be very successful. We look forward to many more productive butterfly years in Suffolk.

• The meeting confirming committee appointments took place on 7th, April.

See back cover of Newsletter for current appointments.

there had been 40% more sun and 60% less rain than usual. The emergence of the three Skippers, Meadow Browns, Ringlets and Gatekeepers was fully appreciated on the SNS meeting along the kknield Way in the Kings' Forest on the 3rd, with 15 species being recorded. On the 23rd, the Branch meeting at Bixley Farm included sightings of White-letter and Purple Hairmeak and an unexpected 4 second brood Holly Blue.

Numbers were still reduced compared to recent 'vintage' years but a Brockley garden reported 'scores' of Ringlets and 'hundreds' of Gatekeepers, the latter reaching an estimated one thousand at Landguard on the 25th. Minsmere and • ' North Warren were among several new sites for the Brown Argus which is hopefully starting to spread as in neighbouring Essex.

- • Neil Ravenscroft's report on the Silverscudded Blue, commissioned by the SWT and English Nature, remarked on its 'good year' with eleven sites identified, including a new one at Walberswick. Minsmere's physical count of this attractive butterfly produced a staggering 6,293, possibly reflecting a national trend as record numbers were also reported from colonies at Portland in Dorset. White Admirals continued to flourish at their established sites. Further records were a singleton from a wood at Ixworth and a further single specimen was seen prospecting at Redgrave and Lopham Fen. One was also noted at Bradfield Woods on 23rd, July.

For once, no Swallowtails were recorded by the end of July, the nearest being just over the border at Diss. Rare butterflies were nevertheless the highlight of August with a Camberwell Beauty at Rickinghall Inferior on the 21st, and two Monarchs, the first at Wolsey Creek on the Blyth Estuary (3rd) and the second in a Woodbridge garden (21 st). A separate article gives more details.

Common Blue and Wall Brown second generations fared better and four Clouded Yellows were seen feeding on iucerne at Euston on the 29th. A total of24 records were received for this migrant, including two from Ipswich. Large numbers of the Silver Y moth also emphasised this migratory trend and the records of Painted Lady are best emphasised by almost 70% sightings from the gardens in the 1994 survey. This was virtually the same for Comma but twice that for Brimstone.

Several observers reported a sudden 'disappearance' of Peacocks and Small Tortoiseshells early in autumn but, as if to compensate for the dreadful first half of the year, butterflies were recorded not just through the autumn period but also into the winter. The first half of November, obviously assisted these sightings, being the warmest since records began in 1659.

A female and male CommonBlue (Polyommatusicarus) (the female is at the top of the picture}

25

The Suffolk Argus

September records included 30 plus Red Admirals along the footpath at Covehithe Broad and a Grayling at Tangham on the 25th. Red Admiral and Small Tortoiseshell were seen feeding on the last of the buddleia ac the Solar supermarket car park in Leiston on October 11th and the previous day had seen a late Clouded Yellow in a Stowupland orchard. Speckled Wood were still flying on October 6th at Fagbury and Pakenham while North Wanen records indicated 'a spectacular increase' which I hope to examine in a future article. In the meantime, the 'spread' across Suffolk can be best appreciated by listing some 1994 records: Minsmere, Landguard, Mayday Farm, Haverhill, Leavenheath, Stanstead, WalshamLe-Willows, Monk's Fleigh, Palgrave, Stonham Aspal and Henley.

A Common Blue was at Fagbury on November 6th and a Brimstone at Brent Eleigh on the 15th. Small Coppers were at Aldeburgh and along the Sailor's Path in November, the last recorded being at Tangham on the 16th. A Peacock was observed at Pakenham on December 2nd, and the last recorded butterfly of the year was appropriately observed by the meticulous Rob Macklin at North Watten; a Red Admiral on December 11th.

May 1995

There seems to be little information relating to 'latesightingr'in the butterfly records so if I start by claiming the four in the previous paragraph no doubt anyone who can prove otherwise will contact me.

Obviously, I am hoping that the l 72 observers who sent in records from over 250 locations willat least be doubled for the first year of the Millennium study and from 1994 records, four species seem at present to be under-recorded. One is the Small Heath, probably because of siu and few visits to gardens. The Essex Skipper seems a straightforward case of being able to identify it and the other two, the Purple and Whiteletter Hairsueak, are mainly overlooked because of their largely arboreal life cycle with the Purple Hairstreak tending to become active and visible early in the evening, just when most observers are going home!

Can I finally request that all records reach me by the end of December. To save much additional and unnecessary work, please add a 6 figure grid reference for all sites.

The Small Copper ,, (Lycaenaphlaeas)""-,..,_\

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Display Equipment 26

Can anyone help us in our quest to obtain new promotional display screens? For some time now we have been wanting to replace our inherited screens due principally to transport difficulties. Finances will always be a problem but it is important that we have easily portable equipment to help us promote our cause at public events. Please let me know if you feel you can point us in the right direction.

Sandlings Public Open Space (Bixley

Farm)formally opened ....................

by Steve Goddard

We extolled the virtues of this splendid area in volume 2, p 14 and in a field trip report in volume 4, p8 (reference also in Branch Round-Up, Butterfly Conservation News No.58, Autumn/Winter 1994), due to its wonderful diversity of habitat and extraordinary number of butterfly species (23 so far recorded inc. 3 Hairstreaks), all in just under 13 acres on the edge of!pswich.

Following development of a management plan by Suffolk Coastal District Council (who now own the land) assisted by Rushmere St. Andrew Parish Council, Saturday April 8th, saw the official opening by Mike Morton, Chairman of SCDC in the presence of representatives from many interested parties including ourselves. Richard Stewart led a group of about 20 keen observers around the site and Jean and Ken Garrod, Paul Gilson and myself were there to lend our support to what was a high profile event for Suffolk Branch and Butterfly Conservation.

Why not take a look at the sire for yourself, you will not be disappointed. We would recommend late April to early July for Green Hairstreak and early July to the end of August for White-letter and Purple Hairstreaks as well as other high summer species. Please let us know what you find.

Location: OS Grid Ref. TM 204445.

(To the south-east of and immediately adjacent to Rushrnere Heath). Travelling towards Felixstowe, half a mile from Ipswich Hospital, turn left onto Foxhall Road (towards Foxhall Stadium and Brightwell).

At the Golf Public House, turn left into Bixley Road and proceed to bottom where the road bends. Entrance along bridleway leading towards the Water Tower beside the new housing development.

3

The SuffolkArgus

May 1995

Contents Suffolk Show ............................................................. Cover Sandlings Public Open Space .................·........................... 3 1995AGM ....................................................................... 4 Summer Lilacs................................................................... 5 1994 Field Trips - The Final Chapter' ........................ 6-7 Away from home - Warton Crag ................................. 8-10 Members Evening 27thJanuary 1995 ....................... 11-12 Rare Butterflies in Suffolk 1994 ................................ 14-15 Identification of Moths ........................................ :.... 16-20 Butterfly Aberrations ....................................................... 21 Early Butterflies............................................................... 21 A Butterfly Watcher's Field Kit ................................. 22-23 Suffolk Butterflies in 1994 ........................................ 24-26 Display Equipment ......................................................... 26 Newsletter Details ........................................................... 27 Suffolk Branch Contacts ................................... Back Cover

Notes Frolll the Editor Field Trips 1995: Supplementary Information Sunday,May 21st Minsmere R.S.P.B. Reserve for Butterfly 'tramtct training'.

In addition to bringing a packed lunch, a clipboard, pencil and notebook will also be required.

Travellers from the west will find no righthand turn to Chapel Lane but it is possible to mm 100 yards further on, by the Fire Station. The Car Park is at the end of Chapel Lane. (Note this is not Hadleigh Castle).

Sunday, July 16th The visit to Ponon Down is now fully subscribed.

Newsletter Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .

by Steve Goddard

2

Please refer to the Events List issued with the January Newsletter for full details of trips. If you would like a further copy please contact the Editor.

I am grateful again to Beryl Johnson for rwo splendid line drawings of Grayling and Clouded Yellow (see I 994 Field Trips The Final Chapter').

Remember, if you feel that you have any talents as an artist, please send your work to me and it will be included and acknowledged at the very first opponuniry.

Photographs will also be very welcome.

. . . . . . . . . . .........

.

Copy Dates Contributions for our newsletter should reach the Editor (address on back page) no later than:

January May September

Christmas Eve April Fools Day August Bank Holiday

Any piece of writing that is considered to be of interest will be published together with line drawings/prints/photographs.

The Suffolk Argus is your magazine, so please let us hear from you.

..

ButterflyLine 0891 884505

~JE Regular Updates & Latest News All profits are used for the conservation of

Sunday, July 2r.d Hadleigh Castle Country Park.

Additional directions:

Illustrations

butterflies and their habitats.

Calls charged at 49p per min. peak and 39p per min. at other times

Pleasecontact:

SteveGoddard (01473 252598)

THE UITISH BUTTUFLY CONSUVATION SOC1£ll LTO. !!GIHIIEOOffICEIHIIE!lfllf HOUI!, HIGH ll!Hl, OEOHIN, COLCHEIIEI, EIIEX, (07 !OE IIG/HflfOIN!NGLINO No2206 ◄ 61 IIGIHEIED CHIIITT No.114937

27

Suffolk Branch Contacts

BranchOrganiser SteveGoddard,47 ColchesterRoad, Ipswich, SuffolkIP4 3BT (01473 252598)

MembenhipSeaetary Paul Gilson,18 CheltenhamAvenue,Ipswich, SuffolkIP4 4LN (01473 253276) Newsletter Editor

SteveGoddard,47 ColchesterRoad, Ipswich, SuffolkIP4 3BT (01473 252598)

THE

SUFFOLK ARGUS May 1995

Programme Scretary

AlanJohnson,28 MedwayRoad, Ipswich,Suffolk IP3 0QH (01473 715701)

¼Jlunteers Needed If you feelyou could run a smallsales operation or just help out now and then with the growingwork of the Branch,please contact Steve Goddardon 01473 252598.

Conservation Officer & County Recorder (Buttedlics)

RichardStewart,63 BelsteadRoad, Ipswich, SuffolkIP2 8BD (01473 688725) Conservation Officer (Moths)

RogerKendrick,c/o BSc ConservationMgr, Otley College,Otley, Suffolk(01473 785543) County Recorder (Moths)

Arthur Watchman,Onchan, BackLane, Monks Eleigh,SuffolkIP7 7BA

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

SU~Ol~ 'Sh0 W

We are delighted to inform you that the Branch will be attending the County Show for the second successive year thanks to the Suffolk Naturalists' Society with whom we will be shari~i:s t:n:.wonderful

Secretary

JanicePritchard,89 LeopoldRoad, Ipswich SuffolkIP4 4RN (01473 718137) Tmuurer

GrahamBull, Oakbank, ArdleighRoad, Dedham, EssexCO7 6EG (01206 323530) Committee Memben Michul &Jenny Kebry,25 ProspectPlace, Lciston,SuffolkIP16 4AL (01728 830975)

Publishedby the SuffolkBranchof ButterflyConservation (The British ButterflyConservationSociety Ltd.) Reg. No. 2206468

Reg. Charity No. 25◄ 937 Head Oflicc P.O. Box222. Dedham,EssexC07 6EY. Tel. (01206) 322342 Edi~ by 5,,,,, GodJard Prin~ by Grq;Hn-bm 6- Sons.

Logo (Silvu-1tmldedBlue) DougHamm,n/q Dmgn.d and prod....! by St,ph,n Ion, Car & Mouse De.ign (01 ◄73 729423 after 7pm) C 1995 all rights «served

AndrewPhillips,SwallowHouse, Long Road West, Dedharn, EssexC07 6ES (01206 322908) StevenGoss,YaxleyManor House, Yaxley, Eye,SuffolkIP23 8DG (01379 783386) Chairman Jim Mann, 28 Lady MargaretGardens Woodbridge,SuffolkIP12 4EZ (01394 387658) President

HowardMendel,c/o IpswichMusewn, High St., Ipswich,SuffolkIPl 3QH (01473 213761)

31stMay& lstlune

opportunity·to promote Butterfly Conservation as well as the activities of our own Branch.

However, running a stall at these events needs as many helpers as possible, the more literally the merrier. Come along, help out and enjoy yourself selling wild flowers, talking butterflies and meeting others with the same interests as you. Please let me know at the soonest if you feel you can offer assistance.

If you are attending the Show anyway, don't forget to look in, have a chat and see what we are up to! You will find us in the Conservation Area near to the Nacton Road entrance.

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• The Newsletter of the Suffolk Branch of Butterfly Conservation

Volume5 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION