Qin Shi_Oxford school of Architecture_MarchD RIBA part2_final project_06.17

DIGITAL BLUR

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+ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to show my great appreciate to those who helped me with this DS1 design project portfolio.

Dr. Igea, Andrew, Hannah, Vincenzo, Francesco and Andy.

All DS1ers and MarchD students.

Federico, Elisa, my parents.

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Without all of you I could not have completed this project.

Thanks for your opinions, guidance, promotion and supports in whatever I want to do.

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+ Oxford Brookes University MarchD // Year 2 DS1 // The Unfinished Cuba Qin Shi // 15098950 12.05.2017

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CONTENT PART 1

RESEARCH GLITCH + GLITCH AETHSETICS + TECHNOLOGY AIDING RESEARCH PART 2 CONTEXT

ANALYSIS

+ THE UNFINISHED CUBA + STORIES FROM INTERNET

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+ LOCATION + CONTEXT + THE UNFINISHED BUILDING + ENVIRONMENT INPUT AND OUTPUT

PART 3

PROJECT DESIGN BRIEF + CONCEPT DEVELOPING

PROJECT VISUALIZATION + MASTER PLAN + RENDERINGS + PLANS + STRUCTURE & CONSTRUCTION + ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS + MATERIAL STRATEGIES

+ BIBLIOGRAPHY

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PART 1

RESEARCH

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Pixelization is the most usual visual art technology in digital age.

This tiny failure exists in computer programns, but when we enlarged the image to an architectural sized space we can easily find the reflection, alternative and absent phenomenon.

The positive meaning which glitch brings to people is to remind the circumstances and historical background of the remixed place you are in.

The glitch pattern testing which imitate the unpredictable errors happend on TV screen.

This failure images surprisingly present different types of lines with abandunt colours and thickness. New media technology naturaly can turn a simple image into multiple remixed pictures. In architecture field, these patterns can be used into facade design process that can bring flexible and positive results.

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Glass art museum by Kengo Kuma.

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+ WHY GLITCH? Glitch, the original definition can be described as short, temporary 'bugs' or a malfunction occurring within a digital system and ultimately altering a vision.

Exploring this notion, I contemplate the dichotic visions between the experience of past to present, order to chaos, the predictable to the unpredictable, and obedience to disobedience, and the great contribution these themes make towards contemporary art and design.

In this project, I would like to translate the beauty of the 'Glitch' towards a more contemporary architecture, with a deep political and sociological understanding. I will also attempt to make some links between the ideas of order and disorder, as well as, restraint and freedom in today’s social phenomenon.

In terms of aesthetics, functional arrangement, and structure along with Facade, I envision utilising this concept of the 'Glitch', essentially creating a new ambience, primarily through the utilisation of; The invisible walls, abstract and colorful patterns on facades, and interactive, wild, interior spaces.

Philosophically, I believe the meaning of the 'Glitch', regarding this project, is influenced and inspired by the concept of a blurred boundary, heavily influenced by the ideology of Cuban public ownership and private ownership, along with notions of the blocked and the open network, as well as, the visible and the invisible. Conversely, along with the above, is the technical/ digital shift between the different software’s, to create potential styles is also a process of blurring boundaries, digital boundaries.

'Glitch' is a way of thinking, essential and critical, but also perhaps similarly, the 'Glitch' is simply a nothingness - invisible. And this is what I would like to create, a space that we cannot so easily see through, and the paths lead to nowhere, yet entice, curiosity and optimism.

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TECHNOLOGY A I D I N G R E S E A R C H

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Glitch apps Creating new glitch images with apps. These apps containsnumbers of methods for generating glitch patterns simply by your finger. The glitched images show a visual relationship between original pictures and pixels have glitched.

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+ CREATE GLITCH PATTERNS

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Film photography As part of my technology exploration, double exposure method enhanced my sense of composition and light capture skills.

The photos show the two or more layers of images that were generated in different moments but on the same physical object. Also, in the double exposed pictures we can discover the inner meaning of transparency, and somehow those refelct your position.

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+ DOUBLE EXPOSURE

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Glitch effect Viedo making is the essential part of my digital blur research. All the footages were shot in the Havana wifi hotspot. Aiming to catch the frozen moment that everyone was trying to get online.

Adding Glitch effect on to the moving images along with electronic music and Glitch noise brings special ambient that I want to explore as a design language.

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+ VIDEO MAKING

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Image sampler Grasshopper as a computational spatial generation enables us to define a code, turning a glitch file data values into 3D spatial outcomes. Data transforming from 2D to 3D makes the process unpredictable and dinamic.

This is the linking point that allow me to think about how to blury the clear boundry between two different kinds of digital carriers.

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+ TRANSLATE 2D INTO 3D

Data

Data

Gitched image

UV Value

UV Value Blue channel

Black & White channel

3D Model

3D Model

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The 3D model shows the consequence of unpredictive spacial arrangement generated by Grasshopper.

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Transparency and shadows Printing glitch patterns on the transparent sheets as a testing method to explore the relationship between lights and colours. This test allows me to think about the light transitting through varieties of materials and forming new geometric shapes.

As the Glitch architecture research starts from patterns, model making helps to transfer the patterns in to 3D design language. The glitched Cuban images on the buildings made links with the social context.

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+ MODEL MAKING

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1: 100 paper model with printing patterns.

Testing the basic glitch language in architecture design by colour composition.

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1: 200 Acrylic model with transparent printing patterns.

Testing the influence that natural light and artificial light bring to the design.

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THE UNFINI

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Urban decay, havana.

The photography taken during the DS1 field trip. 11.2016

ISHED CUBA

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The Joven Clubs, which have existed since 1987, could soon be experiencing major changes as well, as Cubans are increasingly demanding expanded access to the real internet.

Earlier this year, the country released a five year broadband plan that calls for much expanded broadband access to people’s homes (current penetration rate: 0 percent).

By 2016, the Joven Clubs are supposed to be turned into internet cafes with broadband access to the global internet (which will doubtlessly be controlled and monitored, at least at first).

In their everyday lives, enterprising Cubans have found ways to access western media not typically available in Cuba, using lots of different methods. People trade USB drives filled with pirated games, movies, and, news that are smuggled in from Miami every week in a product called the paquete.

Last year, the Cuban government introduced the “Mochila,” a direct competitor to the paquete replete with pirated—but government approved— content from around the world in an attempt to kill the popularity of the paquete. The Mochila consists of roughly 350 Gb of data, is available only at Joven Clubs, and is a collaboration between several different government agencies, including the Ministry of Culture and the Cuban Institute of Radio and Television.

Cuban citizens gained access to Wi-Fi for the first time in June 2015 when governmentowned telecommunication company ETECSA began installing 35 Wi-Fi hotspots in the parks of main cities.

STORIES FROM INTERNET

Home internet remains illegal for most of the Cuban population and online access at offices with internet is highly limited and controlled.

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AMX-1& ARCOS AMX-1& ARCOS are the opticalfibre connections between Cancun, Mexico and Miami, US, that pass 32 kilometres from Havana. Until 2008 the US denies Cuba access to them due to the Embargo. Currently the Cuban government rejected the new offer from the US and instead working with the Venezuelan government for its first submarine cable.

Havana SATELLITE TELECOMMUNICATION Internet connection in Cuba are mainly through satellite leading the cost of accessing the Internet to be high. In May 2013 there were reports that the undersea cable ALBA.1 was operational, but with use restricted to Cuban and Venezuelan government entries. Internet access by the general public still uses the slower and more expensive satellite links.

CUB

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+ TE

HAVANA WIFI ZONES

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ELECOMMUNICATION STATUS IN CUBA ALBA-1 ALBA-1 is a 1860km submarine cable linking Cuba, Jamaica and Venezuela, which was first announced in January 2007 and finished in 2012. The system is expected to multiply data transmission and voice transmission speeds by 3000-fold, the cable as a capacity of 640

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gigabytes, 10 million simultaneous telephonic transimissions. Cuba would also save 25% of its

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current satellite costs.

Venezuela

+ GOVERNMENT CONTROL ETECSA

Internet censorship in Cuba

Black market network

Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Cuba S.A. (English: Telecommunications Company of Cuba; ETECSA) is a government owned full telecommunications service provider for the island of Cuba.

Internet censorship in Cuba is extensive. The Cuban internet is among the most tightly controlled in the world.

In order to get around the government's control of the Internet, citizens have developed numerous techniques.

A special permit is required to use the Internet and all e-mails are intricately monitored. Cuba has been listed as an "Internet Enemy"

by Reporters Without Borders since the list was created in 2006.

Some get online through embassies and coffee shops or purchase accounts through the black market. The black market consists of professional or former government officials who have been cleared to have Internet access.

27% of the company was owned

by Telecom Italia, until they sold their interest to Rafin SA in January 2011 for $706 million. The remainder is owned by the Ministry of Information and Communication.

The services provided by ETECSA includes telephone, internet and wireless services.

The level of Internet filtering in Cuba is not categorized by the OpenNet Initiative due to lack of data.

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Black market

These individuals sell or rent their usernames and passwords to citizens who want to have access.

Fully functionning ALBA 1 fiber optic cable currently pumping enough Internet into Cuba to increase access 3,000 fold across the island

Internet for the Cuban people

The controlling hand of the Cuban government (ETECSA)

Only small drops of Internet access reach Cuban people

FACT: As of today, open Internet service on mobile phones is still not allowed for Cuban people

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People using phones to connect the Internet in the specific WIFI hotspot in central Havana.

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Black market was selling the WIFI card for tourists.

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PART 2

ANALYSIS

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CONTEXT

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HAVANA

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Location: Revolution Square, Havana, Cuba Area: 31350m2

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Situated around the famed and eclectically vibrant sector of Central Havana, and alongside the renowned Plaza de la Revolución (Revolution Plaza/ square), lays the site for this year’s studio and theme; an unfinished building, raw in form.

With direct connections to the rather under developed public park, and associating local neighbourhoods, the site boasts a once upon a time, government owned office, which would have typically been used for trading and service purposes. Though abandoned and unfinished since the early 70s, the site seems to play a pivotal role within the locale, Cuban society today.

On the site investigation, we witnessed various local individuals mundanely passing through the adjacent field. As well as teenagers in school uniforms playing and amusingly climbing the unfinished building, or simply sat on the roof top, resourcefully transforming the roof into an open platform, for observing the splendid sights of the historically vibrant and mesmerizing city that is Havana.

The existing unfinished building and it’s 2000m2 approximate area, hosts two floor levels, standing at 10m tall, displays mostly linear and rectangular geometric elements, reminiscent of a typical Post-modernist form. The exsiting structure is based on the traditional steel frame system and prefabricated concrete panels.

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Taking into consideration the unique aesthetics and appeal of the building style and site, as well as neighboring areas, I believe the innovative design should parade the rich historical elements within and around the site, but also look towards a more inclusive and interactive design of the future, building upon these three components; Regeneration, New building design and Landscape design.

+ UNFINISHED OFFICE BUILDING IN HAVANA

Stadium Offices of the Ministries of the Interior and Communications

Bus station

The unfinished building The JosĂŠ MartĂ­ Memorial

Site

Junk yard

Revolution Square International tourists and Cuban local people

Neighborhood Cuban local people

Cuba National Library

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The unfinished building was formed by Reinforced concrete frame system and prefabricated concrete panels. There are 48 units of office rooms inside this 2 building, and each unit is about 25 m . Each of them has a square window and a position for air conditioner.

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The José Martí Memorial is a memorial to

José Martí, a national hero of Cuba, located on the northern side of the Plaza de la Revolución in the Vedado area of Havana. It consists of a starshaped tower, a statue of Martí surrounded by six columns, and gardens.

The 109 m (358 ft) tower, designed by a team of architects led by Raoul Otero de Galarraga, is in the form of a five-pointed star, encased in grey Cuban marble from the Isla de Pinos.

The monument was completed in 1958 during the final days of the Batista dictatorship.

Outside, facing over the plaza and towards the mural of Che Guevara on the Ministry of the Interior on the opposite side of the square, is an 18 m (59 ft) white marble statue of Martí carved in situ by Sicre and surrounded by six half-height marble columns. The platform where the statue is located is used as a podium when rallies take place in the Plaza de la Revolución.

Located behind the memorial is the Palace of the Revolution, the seat of the Cuban government and Communist Party

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Construction started: 1953 Completed: 1958 Height: Top floor 109 m (358 ft)

Cuba National Library was

founded in 1901, during the historical moment of Cuba’s independence from Spain. The Cuban Revolution of 1959 saw in the National Library an opportunity to disseminate Revolutionary ideals as well as a symbolic institution that could be made accessible to the masses at large.

At the end of the 50's it was moved to the building where it is located today, which name Jose Marti (Cuban National Hero) was following a decision of its employee’s board leaded by Fernando Ortiz in 1949.

Revolution Square is a

municipality (or borough) and a square in Havana, measuring 72,000 square meters. The square is notable as being where many political rallies take place and Fidel Castro and other political figures address Cubans.

Opposite the memorial are the offices of the Ministries of the Interior and Communications, whose facades feature matching steel memorials of the two most important deceased heroes of the Cuban Revolution: Che Guevara, with the quotation "Hasta la Victoria Siempre" and Camilo Cienfuegos.

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+ ENVIRONMENT INPUT AND OUTPUT

CO2 Heat Food waste

Urban farming and Planting

Offices

Cooling system

Community

Sugar powered battery, Manure

Labor Economy

Water recycling system

Waste water

SITE

Open Space

Culture Community

Tourists Inhabitatants

Neighbours History

Information Technology

WIFI Censorship

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PART 3

PROJECT

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DESIGN BRIEF What type of space?

A collaborative and interactive space for Havana This is a project about the Cuban Internet and Information Center. It aims to install Cuban telecommunication infrastructure and provide more technical knowledge for local Cuban people in the future. Finding ways for opening up the abandoned unfinished space in the urban allows direct involvement both citizens and international tourists.

This project aims to establish four main 'domains' within the building: The Loop of memory, the Education Centre, the Internet park and the Administration core. Most of the spaces will be open to the public, and others as designated, highly classified private zones used for the political reasons. Each space will host a variety of diverse activities, ultimately promoting a more uniquely dynamic, interactive and vibrant architecture.

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What is the starting point?

The initial concept comes from the current status of the Cuban society under the modern information era. I have been looking at the political and sociological aspects and Ideologies that surround the internet within Cuba/ 'Cuban Internet', from infrastructure to the story behind it and all that surrounds it. Additionally, I was interested in the transparency of governing and sharing economy.

In November 2016, I had the fantastic opportunity to join Oxford Brookes University, School of Architecture Studio DS1, on an exclusive field trip to Cuba, Havana. Among observing a vast and diverse amount of history, culture and much more, experiencing the unique world of the internet in Cuba, is by far the most enticing and provocatively frustrating encounter, I observed. The 'Cuban Internet' shocked me. It also urged me to think and question the ideas around socialism.

As we all know the Cuban Internet is among the most tightly controlled in the world. A special permit is required to use the Internet and all e-mails are intricately monitored. As a Chinese national, I can strongly relate on a personal level, and often understand the trials and tribulations of limited liberty. In China one must use VPN to connect to such forums as, Google, Facebook, Instagram and other 'Western social media' sites. The invisible wall that disconnects worldwide internet services in China seem to resiliently exist here in Cuba. However, ironically, in comparison to Cuba, it seems the Chinese online trading system and network technology is among the topmost positions in the world.

After all, this is most likely due to the socialist political policy and economic system within Cuba, that ultimately determines and defines, social development trends. Such as; Cuba's public ownership program that determines most of the Cuban people’s lives, from having the same income, to eating the same meal, and even wearing the same clothes, all in all depriving their very desires.

I Intend to represent an alternative reality of the socialist system and the way in which the government Is perceived, particularly in terms of control and freedom. With the uprising and promising developments of internet facilities and technology that is and will be supported from other countries, I believe soon the censorship boundaries will undoubtedly become blurrier, changing the internet within Cuba as we know it. One of many challenges I aim to ambitiously explore is the creation of a scenario that enjoys a new and friendly image of an official government building, ultimately to demonstrate an open and forward thinking attitude, towards a better future.

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+ CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT Glitch testing into real architecture design, from 2D graphic patterns to 3D modeling.

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SOLAR PANELS

OBSERVATION

RAIN COLLECTION

OFFICES

LECTURE HALL

ADMIN OFFICES

LOBBY

W WIFI PARK

DATA STORAGE ROO COOLING SYSTEMS

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DATA STORAGE ROO

+ CONCEPTIONAL SECTION

SOLAR PANELS EXHIBITION AREA SOLAR PANELS

EDUCATION CENTER

S EXHIBITION AREA

RAINWATER RECYCLING WIFI HOTSPOT

WIFI HOTSPOT

OMS

OMS

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Glitch testing of the mass study

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P R O J E C T VISUALIZATION

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Key spaces: 1.

Servers (Data Center): The most secure part that provide Internet storage.

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Energy Forest: Environmentally friendly energy supply system for supporting part of the electricity power in the site.

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Operation monitoring and coordination bureau 4.

Information and Software services company 5.

Department of Financial 6.

Education Center: Training local people to use Internet as educational and business purposes.

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Wi-Fi park: It opens to both Cuban people and International visitors.

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+ SITE PLAN

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Scale: 1: 1500

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+ 1:1000 PLANS Ground Floor Plan

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First Floor Plan

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Second Floor Plan

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Third Floor Plan

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Forth Floor Plan

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Fifth Floor Plan

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Sixth Floor Plan

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Seventh Floor Plan

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Eighth Floor Plan

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Ninth Floor Plan

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+ SECTION Scale: 1:200

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+ STRUCTURE & CONSTRUCTION

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The Reinforced concrete frame structure of the existing unfinished building: 300mm wide Steel frames covered by concrete.

The new building structure was formed by Steel Frames, with stronger support and resistance. These advantages allow the spatial arrangement have more choices and easier to form the shape.

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The facade installation process is simply divided into two main parts: prefabricated concrete panel and glass curtain implements.

Firstly, taking off the original surfaces of the unfinished building and keep the main structure.

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Secondly, digging the underneath for building the basement and the foundation. Using Steel structure to create the colums, beams and the Core.

As an environmentally friendly architecture, reclaimed building materials are also involved in the construction.

The glitched cubes are formed by light weight steel frames combining EPMC new resin materials in order to reduce the weight.

In the construction phase, the proper solution for install these glitched cubes is using heavy loading capable drones. Which gives the great convenience for the post-prefabrication process.

For example: DJ1 Argras MG-1 drone can carry 10kg iterm in one time within 24 minutes.

The controling range is 1km radiation.

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+ LOAD PATH ANALYSIS

Gravity loads Wind loads Resistance

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+ DETAIL 1

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Green Roof Seeds Mix

Green Estate Green Roof Substrate Filter Layer Drainage Layer Protection Mat Waterprof Membrane Insulation Vapour Control Layer Plywood Deck

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Shading

Cross ventilation cools the building down

Indoor air is being purified and humidified by the plants

Sensor&Controller

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Shading

Rain collection system fully useds recyceled water to keep the vegetation mentainess.

Heat refelction

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+ ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

Average temperature

Wind direction Winter sun path Havana Wind Rose

Summer sun path

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+ THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

Winter shadow analysis output Time: 7am - 17pm

Shadow analysis Shadow analysis is a Sketchup plugin which aids the Sunlight and Shadow time analysis for the project.

The analysis took part in two different seasons which were winter and summer.

In order to ger more accurate result, the period from 7am-5pm was the testing time.

In the two Shadow analysis images we could see most of the parts are under shadow more than 3 hours. The white part of the image shows the surfaces that were always under the sun.

It brings the thinking of using solar panels to fully utilize the energy, and also use vertical vegetation planting to reduce heat.

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+ ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

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This project is using state of the art building materials and intelligent design techniques along with typical socialism architectural features to achieve an unprecedented level of energy efficiency.

The building materials are used to take advantage of the subtropical sun so as to minimize heat gain and maximize cooling breezes.

Air flow in maximized inside and out of the new buildings by designing it with opened platforms and dinamic blind windows. Centrally located staircases also help keep air circulating, thus limiting the energy needed for air conditioning.

Using shading on the facade to optimize natural light transfer to the interior, while limiting the amount of direct sunlight emitted through the windows, which helps with cooling and reduces the energy-intensive air conditioning burden.

Vertical greening technology is considered in the design process which helps to reduce the heat and also creates new urban landscape.

PHASE 1 Rebuild the unfinished building PHASE 2 Extension of the unfinished structure

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PHASE 1 New buildings and landscape

+ MATERIAL STRATEGIES

Recycled Rebars for the foundation

Solar Panel modules on rooftops

Solar Panel modules on rooftops

Recycled bricks

Decorated glass

Cooling system

Steel structures

Vegetation facades

Prefabricated tile modules

Rainwater collection system

Solar Panel modules on rooftops

Prefabricated concrete modules

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

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+ BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: Birkenmaier, Anke and Ether Whitfield eds. (2011) Havana Beyond the Ruins: Cultural Mappings After 1989. Duke University Press Books.

Hoffmann, B. (2004) The politics of the Internet in Third World Development: Chanllenges in Constrasting Regimes with Case Studies of Costa Rica and Cuba. London: Routledge.

Jones, Bryan. (2001) Politics and the Architecture of Choice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Loomis, John A. (1999) Revolution of Forms: Cuba's Forgotten Art Schools, Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press.

Tafuri, M. (1976) Architecture and Utopia Design and Capitalist Development. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.

Twigg, A. (2004) 101 Top Historical Sites of Cuba. Toronto: Dundurn.

Websites: Cuba-Jamaica Link Activated. Available online: http://dyn.com/blog/cuba-jamaica-linkactivated/ (accessed 12.05.2017).

Cuba's 'offline internet': no access, no power, no problem. Available online: https://www. theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/23/cuba-offline-internet-weekly-packet-external-harddrives (accessed 12.05.2017).

Nostalgia for the futures. Available online: http://nostalgiaforthefutures.blogspot. co.uk/2012/12/to-control-and-shape-entire-social.html (accessed 12.05.2017).

The politics of Cuba. Available online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Cuba (accessed 12.05.2017).

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