URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES LUCKNOW CITY (NOV 2017)
SUMAIRA SIDDIQUI URBAN PLANNER CMMU
ABOUT LUCKNOW Lucknow, being the capital of U5ar Pradesh is a mul;cultural and largest city of U5ar Pradesh that flourished as a North Indian cultural and ar;s;c hub , and the seat of power of Nawabs in 18th and 19th centuries. The city is known as cultural heritage city. It is also the administra;ve headquarters of the eponymous District and Division. It con;nues to be an important center of governance, administra;on, educa;on, commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceu;cals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music and poetry. Popula'on (2011) : 2,817,105
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
DRIVERS OF URBAN DEVLOPEMENT IN A CITY
CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
DRIVERS OF URBAN DEVLOPEMENT IN A CITY
CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN TRANSPORT AS MAJOR URBAN PROBLEM
CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
ELEMENTS OF URBAN TRANSPORT IN A CITY •
Urban public transport:
•
The urban road system
• On-street systems (buses, auto rickshaw, tempos, erickshaws) • Mixed on-street and off-street systems (bus lanes, bus ways and light rail) • Off-street systems (metros) • Pedestrian (footpaths, safer intersec;ons, FOB) • Bicycle Lane • Lanes for personalized/transport vehicles
•
Traffic management systems (for increasing the efficiency of available road space)
•
Non-motorized transport systems (facili;es for pedestrians and people powered vehicles)
•
Urban transport ins;tu;ons (planning, design, finance, implementa;on, and enforcement)
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
A SUCCESFUL URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM INVOLVES
Low travel ;mes and travel costs
Equal access to urban life opportuni;es
Adequate support to desired form, size and density of the city-region
Limited and reduced impact on the environment on public health: injuries, fatali;es, respiratory disease, obesity
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
THE CHALLENGE
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
THE CHALLENGE
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
THE CHALLENGE
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
THE CHALLENGE: CRUMBLING URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM • Longer Commu+ng +me and Traffic conges+on and parking difficul+es :
On par with conges;on people are spending an increasing amount of ;me commu;ng between their residence and workplace. An important factor behind this trend is related to residen;al affordability as housing located further away from central areas (where most of the employment remains) is more affordable.
• Public transport inadequacy :
Many public transit systems, or parts of them, are either over or under used. During peak hours, crowdedness creates discomfort for users as the system copes with a temporary surge in demand.
• Difficulty for non motorized transport:
These difficul;es are outcome of intense traffic, where the mobility of pedestrians, bicycles and vehicles is impaired because of a blatant lack of considera;on for pedestrians and bicycles in the physical design of infrastructures and facili;es.
•
Loss of public space:
The majority of roads are publicly owned and free of access. Traffic flows influence the life and interac;ons of residents and their usage of street space. More traffic impedes social interac;ons and street ac;vi;es. People tend to walk and cycle less when traffic is high • Adverse effect on environment : Pollu;on, including noise, generated by circula;on has become a serious impediment to the quality of life and even the health of urban popula;ons. Energy consump;on by urban transporta;on has drama;cally increased and so the dependency on petroleum.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
THE CHALLENGE Crumbling urban transporta;on system across the country is se^ng ci;es up for worse problems in the future. As urban popula;ons increase, more people will need affordable and efficient means of ge^ng around.
THE CHALLENGE BECOMES MORE SEVERE AS CITY POPULATION INCREASES
Source : Masterplan 2021
With increase in popula;on, Number of vehicles increases following economic development URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
SOLUTION ALTERNATIVE 1 Capital and land intensive solu;ons • Give greater capacity to the road network to • Build massive rail transport systems (light rail- relieve conges;on metro)
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
CAPITAL & LAND INTENSIVE SOLUTION Give greater capacity to the road network to relieve conges;on Disadvantages: • It increases automobile dependency • Automobile dependent ci;es have more accidents • High maintenance cost
We are expanding considering the cars = Lucknow’s present scenario
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
IMPACT OF CAPITAL & LAND INTENSIVE SOLUTION
• Automobile Dependency:
Rising automobile mobility can be perceived as a posi;ve consequence of economic development. The acute growth in the total number of vehicles also gives rise to conges;on at peak traffic hours on major thoroughfares
• Accidents and safety:
Growing traffic in urban areas is linked with a growing number of accidents and fatali;es, especially in developing countries. Accidents account for a significant share of recurring delays. As traffic increases, people feel less safe to use the streets.
• Land consump;on:
The territorial imprint of transporta;on is significant, par;cularly for the automobile. Between 30 and 60% of a metropolitan area may be devoted to transporta;on, an outcome of the over-reliance on some forms of urban transporta;on. Yet, this land consump;on also underlines the strategic importance of transporta;on in the economic and social welfare of ci;es.
• High maintenance costs:
Ci;es with an aging of their transport infrastructure are facing growing maintenance costs as well as pressures to upgrade to more modern infrastructure. In addi;on to the involved costs, maintenance and repair ac;vi;es create circula;on disrup;ons. Delayed maintenance is rather common since it conveys the benefit of keeping current costs low, but at the expense of higher future costs and on some occasion the risk of infrastructure failure. The more extensive the road and highway network, the higher the maintenance cost and the financial burden.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
SOLUTION ALTERNATIVE 2 Change Paradigm : Sustainable Urban Transport • Mul; modal Streets • Give priority to public transport and transit oriented developments (bus-based public transport)
Pedestrian and Bicycles
Public Transporta;on
• Integrated streets for all and Restrict indiscriminate automobile use
Transit Oriented Developments
Disincen;ves to car use
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
Cleaner and Cooler Fuels
LUCKNOW CITY
ELEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT
Pedestrian and Bicycles
• Footpaths • Bicycle Lane • Foot over Bridges • Subway/ underpass • Safe intersec;ons
Public Transporta;on
• Buses • Auto rickshaw/ tempos • NMT-cycle Rickshaw
Transit Oriented Developments • Bus rapid transit • Light rail transit • Metro transit • Transit stop at high density mixed-use area, with lower density areas spreading out
Disincen;ves to car use
Cleaner and Cooler Fuels
• Review of Parking • Spaces ,imposing limits; higher fee • Peak ;me Charges + Conges;on Charge car taxi • Car pools • Crea;ng Car free Zones • Review of Sale of Cars and issuance of licenses • Incen;ves for use of public transporta;on/ bicycles/pedestrian ac;vity
Cleaner Alterna;ve Fuels : CNG, Diesel retrofits, Alcohol fuels, ba5ery operated vehicles
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
IDENTIFYING THE GAPS
Pedestrian and Bicycles
• Footpaths • Bicycle Lane • Foot over Bridges • Subway/ underpass • Safe intersec;ons
Public Transporta;on
• Buses • Auto rickshaw/ tempos • NMT-cycle Rickshaw
Transit Oriented Developments • Bus rapid transit • Light rail transit • Metro transit • Transit stop at high density mixed-use area, with lower density areas spreading out
Disincen;ves to car use
Cleaner and Cooler Fuels
• Review of Parking • Spaces ,imposing limits; higher fee • Peak ;me Charges + Conges;on Charge car taxi • Car pools • Crea;ng Car free Zones • Review of Sale of Cars and issuance of licenses • Incen;ves for use of public transporta;on/ bicycles/pedestrian ac;vity
Cleaner Alterna;ve Fuels : CNG, Diesel retrofits, Alcohol fuels, ba5ery operated vehicles
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
IDENTIFYING THE GAPS A study on Motorized ‘Two-Wheelers in Indian Ci;es -A Case Study of the City of Pune’ by EMBARQ India in 2014
Ideal Hierarchy
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
IDENTIFYING THE GAPS A study on Urban Transport by Na;onal Transport Development Policy Commi5ee in 2013
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
IDENTIFYING THE GAPS A study of Dr. Kashif Imdad (Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, PPN P.G. College, Kanpur) a Member of Sate Level Expert Commi5ee on Urban Transport in his study ‘Sugges;ons to improve traffic of Lucknow metropolitan’ in 2006-15
6000
BIKE
NUMBER OF VEHICLES
5000
BIKE BUS, 0.9%
CAR
TRUCK
4000
OTHERS, 0.4%
CAR AUTO, 12.8%
TRUCK RICKSHAW
BIKE, 39.8%
CYCLE, 17.8%
3000
RICKSHAW CYCLE
2000
1000
AUTO
CYCLE
BUS
AUTO
0
00-01 hrs 01-02 hrs 02-03 hrs 03-04 hrs 04-05 hrs 05-06 hrs 06-07 hrs 07-08 hrs 08-09 hrs 09-10 hrs 10-11 hrs 11-12 hrs 12-13 hrs 13-14 hrs 14-15 hrs 15-16 hrs 16-17 hrs 17-18 hrs 18-19 hrs 19-20 hrs 20-21 hrs 21-22 hrs 22-23 hrs 23-24 hrs
OTHERS
RICKSHAW, 5.4%
OTHERS
CAR, 21.4%
HOURS
Polyline graph showing different vehicles passing Hazratganj crossing in 24 hours (28 Jan 2008)
BUS
TRUCK, 1.4%
Composi;on of vehicles at Hazratganj crossing(28 Jan 2008)
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
CONCLUSION • Buses accounts for 0.97% of total vehicular trips in city and carries 15.11% of total commuters, while it only occupies 2.52% space (PCU in %) among all others vehicles. Currently 260 buses are in Service across carious routes.
• Car and bike accounts for 24.19% and 43.08% vehicles and carries only 22.55% and 23.49% commuters simultaneously. In Lucknow bikes is the major source of conges;on. • Heterogeneity in mode of public transport is one of the major issues in city transport. • Inadequate Infrastructure for pedestrian bicycle and Non Motorized Vehicle.
Type of Vehicles
31.3.2014
31.3.2015 Increase
Mul;axled /Ar;culated vehicles
2974
3514
540
Trucks & Lorries
3896
3389
-507
Light Motor Vehicles (Goods)
17759
20954
3195
Buses (Private + Contract + Stage)
3249
3306
57
Taxis
7797
9153
1356
Light Motor Vehicles (Passengers)
7433
7562
129
Motor cycles On Hire
0
0
0
Two wheelers - Total
1238691
1361787
123096
Two Four Wheelers - Total
270956
299997
29041
S.NO.
BUS CATEGORY
NO.OF BUSES
1
A/C LOW FLOOR
15
35
2
NON A/C LOW FLOOR
30
35
3
TATA BIG
90
40
4
MAZDA SMALL
125
28
5
TOTAL
260
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
SEATING CAPACITY
LUCKNOW CITY
ROAD SPACE COMPARISON 69 bus passengers in 1 bus
69 bicycle riders and 69 pedestrians
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
69 people in 40 cars
LUCKNOW CITY
ULTIMATE SOLUTION TO ALL OUR PROBLEMS Lucknow city is totally depending on metro infrastructure to solve its problems. This is not a wholesome approach towards a serious issue WE NEED MULTIMODAL TRANSIT STREETS
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
CAR ORIENTED STREETS The majority of the space is allocated to personal motor vehicles, either moving or parked. Sidewalks accommodate u;lity poles, street light poles and street furniture narrowing the clear path to less than 3 m, which reduces its capacity.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
MULTI MODAL STREETS In the mul;modal street, the capacity of the street is increased by a more balanced alloca;on of space between the modes. This redistribu;on of space allows for a variety of non-mobility ac;vi;es such as sea;ng and res;ng areas, bus stops, as well as trees, plan;ng and other green infrastructure strategies. The illustra;ons show the capacity for a 3-m wide lane (or equivalent width) by dierent mode at peak condi;ons with normal opera;ons.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
EARLIER RECOMMENDATIONS • An excerpt from City Development Plan Prepared in 2006
‘ Transporta=on
The road network and public transporta=on system has not kept pace. Addi=onally, there has been a drama=c rise in vehicles. There is therefore heavy conges=on of the exis=ng network, severe parking problems especially in the market areas and along the main thoroughfares. Newly developed outlying areas are not well connected with the other parts of the city. The present system results in huge +me delays.
The cri+cal areas that need acen+on are designing an efficient public transport system, enhancing the road network, and enhancing parking systems. The CDP recommends that the city should focus on an efficient bus transport system in the short term. A detailed feasibility study should also be undertaken for a comprehensive mul= modal mass rapid transport system such that overall
’
transporta=on efficiency increases in the long run.
• An excerpt from a study of Dr. Kashif Imdad (Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, PPN P.G. College, Kanpur) a Member of Sate Level Expert Commi5ee on Urban Transport in his study ‘Sugges;ons to improve traffic of Lucknow metropolitan’ in 2016-17
‘Buses accounts for 0.97% of total vehicular trips in city and carries 15.11% of total commuters,
while it only occupies 2.52% space (PCU in %) among all others vehicles. Only if Bus trips are doubled shibing private vehicle users, it will decrease number of vehicles by 21.8%.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
’
LUCKNOW CITY
EARLIER RECOMMENDATIONS • An excerpt from City Mobility Plan Prepared in 2011
‘
• Keeping in view the low to moderate share of passenger flow by public transport along the corridor it is recommended to introduce reliable and efficient public transport to reduce the dependability of commuters on private and intermediate modes of transport. • In view of the high percentage of NMT vehicles in traffic and share of passengers flow by NMT along the corridor, it is recommended to segregate NMT traffic from MV traffic by providing well constructed and maintained NMT lanes along the corridor with boarding, res;ng and parking
’
facili;es and safe crossing at intersec;ons.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
RECOMMENDATIONS • Adequate Infrastructure for Pedestrian , Bicycle and Non Motorized vehicles
• Robust Bus Service System
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
BUS RAPID TRANSIT COMPONENTS
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
BUS RAPID TRANSIT COMPONENTS
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
CITIES WITH BUS CORRIDORS/BUS RAPID TRANSIT
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
INDIAN CITIES WITH BUS CORRIDORS/BUS RAPID TRANSIT
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
DEMARCATE BUS LANES
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
INTEGRATED STREETS
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
OUR GOAL FOR INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR LUCKNOW
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
OUR GOAL FOR INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR LUCKNOW
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
OUR GOAL FOR INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR LUCKNOW
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
OUR GOAL FOR INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR LUCKNOW
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
OUR GOAL FOR INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR LUCKNOW
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
OUR GOAL FOR INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR LUCKNOW
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
OUR GOAL FOR INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR LUCKNOW
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
TRANSFORMATION IS POSSIBLE
Bogota, Colombia, Present day URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
STRATEGISING THE WAY AHEAD
THEORY
Bridge the Gap
PRACTICE
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY
OUR GOAL FOR INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR LUCKNOW
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: URBAN TRANSPORT
LUCKNOW CITY