CHALLENGES OF HERITAGE LUCKNOW CITY (May 2018)
SUMAIRA SIDDIQUI URBAN PLANNER CMMU
Heritage is anything that is considered important enough to be passed on to the future generations
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
WHY IS HERITAGE IMPORTANT??
Heritage is important in understanding the story of a city, place , country – its history, identity and its people. It records and expresses the process of historic development forming the essence of diverse national, regional , indigenous and local identities
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
CLASSIFICATION According to UNESCO in 1972 conference the heritage is classified into two categories
CULTURAL HERITAGE
which involves a monument, group of buildings or site of historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological or anthropological value.
NATURAL HERITAGE
outstanding physical, biological, and geographical features; habitats of threatened plants or animals' species and areas of value on scientific or aesthetic grounds or from the point of view of conservation.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
CULTURAL HERITAGE It is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values. It refers to the cultural aspects like heritage sites, monuments, folklore, traditional activities and practices, language etc. that are considered vital to be preserved for the future generations. Cultural Heritage is often expressed as either Intangible or Tangible Cultural Heritage
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
BUILT HERITAGE Man's contribution to the natural environments has resulted in buildings and monuments of significant historical value, which can be broadly termed 'the Built Heritage'.
Built heritage should be deemed to mean those b u i l d i n g s , a r t i f a c t s , s t r u c t u r e s , a r e a s a n d p r e c i n c t s t h a t a r e o f h i s t o r i c , a e s t h e t i c , architectural or cultural significance.
Archeological Remains Townscapes
Buildings
One of the most visible form of heritage
On a daily basis we are reminded of historic events and past lives through the built legacy around us. URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
All India Level ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
State Level
Local Bodies
STATE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHEOLOGY/ TOURISM DEPARTMENT/ HERITAGE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION/ DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY/ DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
Individual Bodies • UNESCO • INTACH • AGA KHAN FOUNDATION • HERITAGE FOUNDATION INDIA • DRONAH
LUCKNOW CITY
BRIEF HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF HERITAGES ANCIENT INDIA: First Instance of conservation of Indian heritages : 3rd century BC: Emperor Ashok of Maurya Dynasty MEDIEVAL AGE: 14ht century AD : Turkic Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty , Firoz Shah Tughlaq took initiatives to preserve ancient monuments DURING BRITISH RAJ: 1810: Bengal Regulation (XIX) 1817: Madras regulation (VII) 1863: Act XX 1861: ASI was established 1904: Monuments Preservation Act (VII) AFTER INDEPENDENCE: 1978: The State Department of Archeology 1984: INTACH 2006: UNESCO Launched IHCN Program 2009: IHCN-F (Indian heritage Cities Network Foundation) URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
LUCKNOW - CITY OF NAWABS The Nawabs arrived from Naishapur in Iran, introducing their language, fashions, etiquette and architecture. Their aesthetics transformed the city’s landscape, as did their investment in quality production, almost to the point of excess. Lucknow blossomed under the rule of the Nawabs as a hub of art and culture. William Dalrymple, in The Age of Kali, highlights the craftsmanship brought to the city: “artisans from Tashkent and Samarkand, masons from Isfahan and Bukhara”. They showed no restraint, he says, going beyond the “pure lines of the great Moghul golden age” to be inspired by creations from around the world.
The post Independence developments have, however, made it almost impossible to live up to its glorious past. The city is practically under siege and perpetually tormented by excessive pressure of population mismanagement. URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
HERITAGE SITES IN LUCKNOW
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
LIST OF ANCIENT MONUMENTS AND ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES - ASI
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
LIST OF ANCIENT MONUMENTS AND ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES - ASI
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
HERITAGE ZONES- MASTER PLAN 2031
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
Historically and today, heritage sites and landscapes in the city have faced neglect, or worse, demolition, in the absence of local mechanisms that can identify, designate, preserve and protect them.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
CHALLENGES
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
HAPHAZARD GROWTH SURROUNDING HERITAGE MONUMENTS It seems that Indians lack the concept of master plan. Except the world heritage sites e.g. Taj, Humayun’s Tomb, Ajanta, Ellora, Bodh Gaya etc. other heritage sites are facing negligence of local or state administrations. They are victims of haphazard growth. In the absence of any proper planning several beautiful structures have lost their charms.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
ENCHROACHMENT With haphazard growth, encroachments are done by local shopkeepers, souvenir sellers, local residents or government. These structures can be wooden – brick & stone built temporary or permanent structures which are not fit with architecture of monument or environment. Sometimes myopic view politicians for a place results in very destructive decision.
Of Lucknow's 59 protected monuments, 25 have been encroached, according to the Archaeological Survey of India
The palace of Musabagh is in tatters, with locals quarrying its walls for building material. URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
POLLUTION There are several types of environmental pollutions which are killing the heritage properties. These pollutions are creations of natural reasons such as sand & soil deposits, rainfall and humus formation etc. but, maximum pollutions are created by visitors and locals, who due to their apathy, negligence and lack of civic sense throw several types of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable materials everywhere. Located in the Yahiyaganj, the Nadan Mahal Maqbara is one of the oldest monument of Lucknow, dating back to the Mughal era. There are arched openings on all four sides for, 3 of which are now closed. The exterior of the dome has recently been repaired and whitewashed, although no attempt has been made to re-plaster the walls. Mausoleum of Sheikh Ibrahim Chishti, Nadan Mahal Complex URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
T h e w a l l s o f monuments such as the Tomb of Saadat Ali Khan in Hazratganj and the Rumi Gate h a v e v i s i b l e cracks; they are gasping for life.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
VANDALISM
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
The monument itself is not in the best shape. Bereft of any context, it has been vandalized by locals, who have carved things like “Sanjay loves Sonika” on the marble. The monument is lit up at night, however, the plaques mentioning Begum Hazrat Mahal have either been stolen, or been removed
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
LUCKNOW CITY : CRUMBLING PAST Lucknow blends chaos with calm; fusing together the manic speed of the present with the painstaking details of a departed time. Walking through old markets of Lucknow city is a sensory overload, bustling with local businesses and the textile industry of chikankari that brings in a large part of the city’s economy. Vehicles vie for space with humans, monkeys hustle on rooftops, and glorious aromas waft from food carts. But step aside for a moment and look up, and one can
catch intricate latticework veined by tangled electrical wires, a silent reminder of the past.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
Often the question comes that with so many challenges confronting our cities, why utilize precious resources on preserving Our Heritage ???
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
Our Heritage ???
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
IMPROPER HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
Threats have been exacerbated by recent economically and politically motivated development particular to the city. Managing heritage in Lucknow involves challenges of administration, ownership, enforcement and jurisdiction.
Lucknow has a rich heritage that has been compromised by the pressures of urbanization.
mainstreaming heritage with modernization is THE REAL CHALLENGE URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF LOCAL BODIES [CDP (2006)]
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
BLAME GAME (2017)
The interiors of this 179-year-old structure are in a poor condition. The plaster of the roof is wearing off, making the red-colored lakhauri bricks more visible while the dampness in the walls is eating into the beautiful stucco work and floral designs that make the structure distinct from others. HAT : Husainabad & Allied Trust
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
BLAME GAME (2017)
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
BUREAUCRATIC TANGLE The law states that the central government and trustee / owner must come to an agreement about the upkeep of a monument. But the Archaeological Survey of India and the Hussainabad Trust/or any other owner, which administer the monuments have no such written document. "The Trust was set up a century ago, with descendants of royal families as trustees," said a member of the Awadhi Royal family. "Today, the trust [needs to be reconstructed] as they [the trustees] are not interested in restoring the monuments."
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
HERITAGE CONSERVATION IS IMPORTANT Sites and landscapes of cultural and historical significance are increasingly at risk in an urban city like Lucknow . Our cities are emerging cities that are now experiencing an industrial and housing boom. As the new and rapidly growing urban areas of the developing world reach to build dynamic, competitive cities, promoting heritage conservation is a central issue – not just for tourism, as is often thought – but also for promoting livelihoods, economic development, cultural identity and urban sustainability
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN HERITAGE MANAGEMENT Plan Although the various kinds of challenges are historically rooted, they have been exacerbated over time by sweeping legislation at the federal and state levels. This indicates a change is needed, with a new Urban Heritage Management Plan to respond to each city's unique administrative, cultural and cognitive dynamics to better integrate local preservation, planning, legislative and administrative efforts.
The urban heritage management Plan proposed can shape the future of historic landscapes in Indian cities by addressing the root causes of mismanagement that fail to preserve and protect the historic urban landscape, and help emerging cities from further loss of their historic built environment. URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
SUGGESTIONS IN CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006)
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
OTHER SUGGESTIONS TO FULFILL GAP AND MINIMIZE CHALLENGES • Regular investigations to uncover the culprits and their supporters, involving in vandalism • Start awareness program on heritage preservation • ‘Freedom Walk’ Street Plays can be organized in heritage sites on all national level festivities so that people can gather in large numbers to celebrate the events and to understand its significance and respect pay homage • Displaying the ethnic products in the core heritage zone • The officials, working in various departments related to heritage preservation and management , should be motivated to take participation in various workshops where their knowledge, skills and attitudes on heritage can be developed and enhanced • Many experts have opined that earning the coveted UNESCO tag would not only have ramped up the revenues but also help in keeping heritage free of encroachment
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
VARIOUS INITIATIVES TAKEN BY CITIES
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
JAIPUR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Rajasthan government issued detailed guidelines disallowing any tinkering with old heritage properties while developing them as tourist places. Jaipur prepared a Heritage Management Plan and has integrated the same with master plan. The formation of JHERICO (Jaipur Heritage Committee) , body created by Govt. of Rajasthan in Aug 2006 marked commendable initiative in the field of heritage conservation. The JHMP is the brain child of JHERICO, an attempt to reinterpret the historic core of Jaipur and adapt it to present urban pressure. URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
JAIPUR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
JAIPUR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
JAIPUR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
DELHI: THE NIZAMUDDIN URBAN RENEWAL INITIATIVE Following, the successful restoration of Humayun’s Tomb garden in 2004, the AKTC in 2007, initiated this project under MOU with various Indian partners: ASI, CPWD and MCD, Subsequently an MO U's was also signed with the DDA. Demonstrating culture as a tool for urban development, the Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Initiative has led to over 30 monuments being conserved, almost 150 acres sensitively landscaped, over 2000 individual craftsmen employed and clocked over 500,000 man-days of work, 20,000 trees planted, almost 300,000 patients treated at the polyclinic, community toilet complexes built and managed by established resident groups, 2750 jobs have been created in the Hazrat Nizamuddin Basti fulfilling major government objectives. www.nizamuddinrenewal.org URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
DELHI: THE NIZAMUDDIN URBAN RENEWAL INITIATIVE
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
DELHI: THE NIZAMUDDIN URBAN RENEWAL INITIATIVE
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
PONDICHERRY: ASIA URBS PROGRAMME The Asia Urbs Project was undertaken by the Pondicherry Municipality assisted by INTACH Pondicherry Chapter and in Partnership with the European Commission and Two European Cities : the ancient hill town Urbino Italy, recognized by UNESCO, and historic Walled city of Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. The main aim was to achieve urban economic Development through Heritage Preservation Initiatives. The objectives of the program were: • To address urban and environmental issues and enhance resident’s quality of life • To develop global networking and introduce a participative process through decentralized planning and management • To encourage the exchange of information between partner cities. URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
PONDICHERRY: ASIA URBS PROGRAMME
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
CONCLUSION
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY
CONCLUSION Our Heritage is the result of the development of the in the social economical , political and cultural fields over a period of of years. Therefore, it is the primary and pious duty of us as a responsible citizen , to ensure that no once can harm to our ancient memorials and to the preserved places having immense historical significance and values. We should consider it our moral duty to maintain the purity, sanctity and beauty of these places.
URBAN PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES: HERITAGE
LUCKNOW CITY