Activity "Structural concept"

ACTIVITY: “Structural Concepts” Barry Wu, Israr Nawas, Svetlana Nazaruk, Xinyu Shi.

DESCRIPTION/CLASSIFICATION OF ALL STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AND PRINCIPLES|GRAPHIC STRUCTURAL DIAGRAMS Foundations and Footings

Secondary Structures

Concrete pad footing - size of 2000x200x600 mm, with a universal column on a base plate held together with nonshrink grout.

Horizontal

Floor joists.

Vertical

C150 - ‘C’ purlins.

Cold Formed

Primary Structures

M B5

Horizontal

M B7

MB1 to 7 - Universal beams of varying lengths spread M B2 horizontally.

PFC - Parallel Flange Channel.

Vertical

Universal beams.

SHS – Square Hollow section Columns.

Lourve Mullions.

M B2

M B2

M B3

M B6 M B2

M B4

M B1

M B4 M B3 M B6

M B4 M B7 under

STRUCTURAL MATERIALS • Aluminium - Aluminium is remarkable for the metal’s low density and for its ability to resist corrosion due

to the phenomenon of passivation. Structural components made from aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and are important in other areas of transportation and structural materials. Used for perforated alluminium cable tray, aluminium conduit(ceiling);

• Concrete - Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse granular material (the aggregate or

filler) embedded in a hard matrix of material (the cement or binder) that fills the space among the aggregate particles and glues them together. Used for pad footings, strip footings, and ground beams, slab on ground, suspended slabs interior, suspended beams, walls;

• Glass - Glass is an amorphous solid material that exhibits a glass transition, which is the reversible transition

in amorphous materials from a hard and relatively brittle state into a molten or rubber-like state. Glasses are typically brittle and can be optically transparent. Used for glass panels, louvres;

• Masonry - Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar.

Represented by bricks and blocks;

• Plywood - Plywood is a manufactured wood panel made from thin sheets of wood veneer. It is one of

the most widely used wood products. It is flexible, inexpensive, workable, and re-usable, and usually can be manufactured locally. Plywood is used instead of plain wood because of plywood’s resistance to cracking, shrinkage, splitting, and twisting/warping, and because of its generally high strength. Plywood panels are used;

• Steel - Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements, including carbon. Used for steel frames, thick steel plate weather hood, steel roof beams,frame structure, steel columns, steel mullions, steel purlin, cantilervering steel beams;

• Timber - Timber is a wood prepared for use in building and carpentry. Used for bulkhead clad in timber overlay, doors with timber veneer, timber posts, timber battens;

• Zinc - Zinc is a metallic chemical element. Used for zinc cladding.

JOINTS AND FIXINGS • Concrete fixing cleat - Joining timber trusses, beams, columns to solid concrete, can be used on one or two sides or timber member

• Hvu anchors - Heavy duty fastenings into concrete.

• Welded connection - Joining two pieces of metal by heating or pressure, and both are applied to obtain a bond. The weight of the joint is minimum.

• Bolts - They are externally threaded fasteners (metal bars, pins or rods) with a head at one end, are designed to insert through holes to join with assembled parts and tightened or released only by torqueing a nut.

• Purlin plate - The top of lower slope supporting the ends of the upper rafter at the curb (roof).

• Cap plate - The top plate on a steel column, which support a load.

Butt Joint

Pinned Joint

Interlocking or overlapping joint

SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS | ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DECISIONS ERC building in its construction uses large amounts of concrete and timber, which are materials with the lowest embodied energy intensities. It also comprises small amounts of steel, aluminium and zinc which have much higher embodied energy content. Combining all the materials together, the amount of embodied energy will be very high and therefore so will be an environmental impact and carbon footprint.

This makes this site highly unsustainable. Although there are alternatives, and, nowadays, concrete, metals, glass, brick and plastics can all be produced with some form of the previously used material, and this process of production lowers the energy requirement and emissions by up to ninety percent in most cases. And therefore the economic implications would vary significally, considering recyclability of materials used.