Telomere Science: Slow-Downed Aging?

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HEALTHY LIFESTYLES FOR HEALTHY AGING M A R | 2 011 | ISSU E 6 5

MEDICAL EDITOR: BETH TRAYLOR, MD , FAAFP CENEGENICS SENIOR INSTITUTE PHYSICIAN

Telomere Science: Slow-Downed Aging? It’s simple to fix a pair of broken shoelaces. But could reversing the aging process be as easy? Perhaps, when you consider several recent studies that identify the shortening of a key piece of genetic materials: telomeres. These latest developments give us better understanding about the mystery behind shortened telomeres, which could be a factor in preventing age-related disease and even some cancers, according to a July 2010 issue of the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA). Add to that the “overnight” credibility that the 1978 discovery of telomeres received 31 years later in 2009 when its discoverers— Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostakwon—were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine for uncovering how chromosomes are “protected by leukocyte telomeres” and how shorter telomeres can lead to premature cellular aging. But what are they really? Telomeres are structures, small protein caps, at the end of chromosomes—those 46 linear structures housing your DNA. Made of four nucleic acid bases forming a series of base pairs, telomeres consist of chemical code chains. The chromosome ends are prone to damage from the inner cell environment and, therefore, need protection. That’s where telomeres come in. They’re considered to be similar to a plastic cap on the end of a shoelace that keeps the shoelace from unraveling—helping cells maintain your DNA integrity. Per research, genetic factors and environmental stressors can shorten the length of the telomere. Plus every time a cell divides— a daily occurrence—telomere length decreases. That becomes a concern as we age.

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