STUDIO 4.3 qed Portfolio Submission SAIDATUL S. SHAZRI
13146646
BIOSPHERIC PROJECT SUSTAINABLE ECO-HOUSE
table of
CONTENTS 10.0 Lifecycle Concept 11.0 Development Workflow 12.0 Design Process 13.0 Massing: Restore 14.0 Programme: Strategy 1.0
Brief Biospheric
15.0 Design Development 1
2.0
Group Work
16.0 Water: Nourish
3.0
Communication Engagement
17.0 Food: Grow
4.0
Biospheric Site Analysis
18.0 Design Development 2
5.0
Paired Collaboration
19.0 Structurality: Strengthen
6.0
Gaia Dwellings
20.0 Materiality: Breathe
7.0
Biospheric Detail Criteria
21.0 Final Design
8.0
Biospheric Engagement
22.0 Competition Board
9.0
Main Issue
23.0 Future Development
brief BIOSPHERIC Qed has teamed up with the Biospheric Foundation and other collaborating professionals to continue our exploration of `homes` that recalibrate our expectations for building ecologies in the second millenium. Our common aim is to initially produce concepts for a development next to the Biospheric Foundation building in Manchester that embody a positive ecological approach to the design, construction, operation and use of a building comprising of 10 – 15 habitational units. Therefore, we have to test our operations within a new ecological paradigm; in order to meet the expectation that our culture might evolve sustainably. The implication is that as designers we need to understand the `life of our buildings in time` is the fundamental basis of an ecology of manufacture, use, operation, adaptation, reuse and renewal.
group WORK
post render production
rendering
passive house
elevations
RADZI
client feature
lifecycle
renders future development
sections
issues
final products
plans
conceptual
client meeting
professional engagement
diagramation
preparation
construction & materials
proposed presentation
concept development workflow
diagram
detailed criteria booklet
preparation
tutor meeting
ideology
development process
research
BIOSPHERIC HOUSE
proposal presentation
layer of change
concept
drawings
INDA
SAI
7 strategies
building requirement plans and layout
ALAN
Our team consisted of four people Inda, Radzi, Alan and I. Based on our individual strengths, knowledge of the other members’ working techniques and understanding of each other, we have decided to split our team into two groups. Given our time constraint since one of us has to go to Cyprus, it would be productive to give the early task for Alan and Radzi. They were tasked to come out with a concept and handling final output such a rendering and synopsis of the project. Inda and I were working on the development of digital visualization and animation of the concept. They were also in charge of conceptional representation of our ideas through diagrams and imagery. After Alan has come back from Cyprus, all of us were in charge of the final conceptual images and diagrams as well as coordinating and editing the work into a coherent presentation.
CORRESPONDENCE .
20 May
13 May
6 May
29 April
22 April
15 April
8 April
1 April
25 March
18 March
11 March
4 March
EMAILMEETINGWITH VINNY
CONTACT VINNY
EASTER BREAK MEETINGS .
BRIEF ON PROJECT
MEETINGWITHVINNY
ALAN M.I.A
MEETING WITH MEETINGWITHVINNYTUTORS CANCELED
THE END
communication ENGAGEMENT
MEETING WITH TUTORS 2
ALAN GOESTO CYPRUS FOR STUDYTRIP
SITE ANALYSIS DIVIDEDTOGROUPS RESEARCHBOOKLET RADZI FLIES BACK TO MALAYSIA EMERGENCY DESIGN PAIRED PAIREDPRESENTATION
EVENTS .
SITE VISIT
START CONCEPT IDEAS DESIGN INITIATES
COMPETITIONBOARD DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
COMFIRMATION OF DESIGN
FINAL DESIGN
biospheric SITE ANALYSIS
( Full site analysis attached in appendix )
Biospheric Foundation 2 Mins
5 Mins
10 Mins
JANUARY
7:00 AM
AUGUST
pedestrian ACCESS
bicycle LANES
The site is easily accessible on foot from all directions, including from across the River Irwell. It is within a walking distance from both Manchester City centre and Salford.
There are no official bike lanes situated on site. However, the site is highly permeable and easily accessible for cyclists coming from all directions, including from across the River Irwell.
7:00 AM SITE ANALYSIS - CIRCULATION ANALYSIS
BICYCLE LANES
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS
12:00 PM
12:00 PM
pedestrian ACCESS parking SPACES
vehicle ACCESS
The site is easily accessible on foot from all directions, including from across the River Irwell. is within a walking from TheIt site perimeter hasdistance a sufficient both Manchester City centre Salford. number of parking spaces.andMost of them,
The site can be directly accessed by car from the West through Blackfriars Road and through Trinity Way (if coming from the other side of the River Irwell). E Philip Street runs adjacent to the North side of the site which will ease delivery access during construction works. The site is located close to main traffic links such as Blackfriars Road, Trinity Way and Great Ducie Street but lies in the mids of a residential area, thus having a much more quite and private character with lower vehicle traffic.
16:30 PM
18:00 PM
CIRCULATION
The site sits due north of Manchester, South of the river Irwell. The site is surrounded from the south and west by housing but to the east a new site is to go under development to create a new large super market.The rings show walking distance in minutes. GAIA DWELLING was developed mostly through utilization of solar study, circulation study and bits from other analysis of the site attribution.
There are no official bike lanes situated on site. However, the site is highly permeable and easily accessible for cyclists coming from all directions, including from across the River Irwell.
SOLAR STUDY
Site analysis is an important part of a design process. Through careful research and analysis, design proposals can form positive relationships with the surrounding context. Through studies of the physical locality and weather conditions that might impact the site, as well as cultural studies and demographics which might influence the success of the proposed design.
bicycle LANES
however, are on private territory. The site itself does not hold individual parking space although there is the possibility of parking cars directly outside the Biospheric Foundations building.
SITE ANALYSIS - CIRCULATION ANALYSIS
VEHICULAR ACCESS
PARKING SPACES
PASSIVHAUS FOR BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION
• precisio • panels a • Conduit • From ba
CONCEPT
DESIGN INFL
We applied t shapes for e
paired COLLABORATION
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SUBBASEMENT PLAN [SCALE 1:100]
Inner Courtyard - dwelling facing courtyard can take up more natural ventilation & light
[SCALE 1:100]
SECOND FLOOR PLAN [SCALE 1:100]
THIRD FLOOR PLAN [SCALE 1:100]
DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAMS [1]
CONSTRUCTION
Various diversity of concepts and designs were produced for initial foroverview a planted towards the project development. d flower meadow All of us required to pair up and produced idea for the biospheric housing project. Every scheme has different characteristics which of were taken forward in developing more efficient design.
[2]
ROOF PLAN [SCALE 1:100]
DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAMS [3]
[4]
KEY ENERGY The total pri ry energy us utilize a max house will u
0-CARBON F Target CO2 e emissions d of timber co house.
08
SU
Passivhaus windows enveloped by
[5]
Accessibility & Entrance - North: connected to the Philip street - East: linking to the future supermarket.
[6]
[7]
[8]
FAÇADE The houses does not exc
WINDOWS Windows (gl ‘Low-e’, trip
DE
MHRV Most of the
untreated bamboo
nal cladding
The OKO Ho to very low/ ards set-out and have ov Homes’ and
MASTERPLAN [SCALE 1:100]
CONCEPT
een roof
THE O
There are 4 different types of apartment which caters for different types of users. The affordable duplex unit and single unit are located on the ground and first floor. The luxorious duplex unit and single unit are located on the second and third floor. The difference between both the affordable and luxorious is the additional space and view or location.
AFFORDABLE DUPLEX UNIT [DOUBLE BEDROOM, 4 PEOPLE] [9]
BY + Nancy + Fatin Zolkeplay
[10]
[11]
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
[12]
AFFORDABLE SINGLE UNIT [SINGLE BEDROOM, 2 PEOPLE]
[1]
PHASE DEVELOPMENT
[5]
06 LUXURIOUS DUPLEX UNIT [DOUBLE BEDROOM, 4 PEOPLE]
CONCEPT
LUXURIOUS SINGLE UNIT [SINGLE BEDROOM, 2 PEOPLE]
‘BIO-P FAÇAD
The idea of pre-fabrication is so that it is easy to assemble and disassemble in different places, which also reduces time and materials needed. Moreover, the material of the building is easy to get and is recyclable.
haus
Summer
07
08
A ‘Greenius with Siemen designed to space on the The project farm system in the near f
[9]
Roof Terraces - oriented to the south - a series of roof terraces are created providing additional roof garden for residents. It can gain more sunlight into the dwellings.
GAIA DWELLINGS
The expression of achieving the concept in architectural terms is through juxtaposition of a 3-dimensional form Winter that elevates the level of quality of interaction within the community. The spatial arrangement as well as the visual and physical connectivity will escalate the living environment quality and molding a ‘Well-Knit Community’.
SEWA
LESS VEGETATION
WORM-BAS
The idea of pre-fabrication is so that it is easy to assemble and disassemble in different places, which also reduces time and materials needed. Moreover, the material of the building is easy to get and is recyclable.
LIVING CANOPY SMALL LAND
DENSE POPULATION NORTH ELEVATION, FACING E. PHILLIPS ROAD [SCALE 1:75]
tz architecture: passive house, bessancourt
FATIN & NANCY
Although the arrangements of the rooms as it is in this design is unfeasible, the clients were impressed by the stepped form of the building, and this feature was consequently taken forward to the final design.
All waste wa liquid fertilis most biologi out of the sy ing the soil. The System odourless, a
GAIA DWELLINGS
CONCEPT
TIFFANY & S.C
The placement of the residents’ courtyard was taken forward to the final design, because it is placed in an area that gets the least sunlight and would not benefit from placing a dwelling in.
LESS VEGETATION
The expression of achieving the concept in architectural terms is through juxtaposition of a 3-dimensional form that elevates the level of quality of interaction within the community. The spatial arrangement as well as the visual and physical connectivity will escalate the living environment quality and molding a ‘Well-Knit Community’.
LIVING CANOPY
SECTION & ECOLOGY DIAGRAM [SCALE 1:75]
ZLATINA & INDA
This Biogica and waste w ids, includin matter along
SMALL
DENSE POPULATION
The idea of design for disassembly was takenLANDforward as the ecology of the building itself resemble cycle of life. Implementation of good ecological system in a building can ensure it sustainability and efficiency while minimizing the cost and environmental impacts.
NOR
Morphology Sketch
The plan is organised around the concept of grouped services and maximising the southern exposure to the sun. Each individual apartment has access to a southern-facing outdoor space.
Programme - Unit Layout
ALAN & RADZI
The core idea of this design proposal was to unit the community together with group activities such as tending to the roof top garden, as well as keep the energy used as low as possible, of which is actually illustrated as part of the building facade design. The main criticisms for this design was that the sustainable features felt like too much of an add-on, as oppose to being an intergration of the building itself. Also, the energy meter facade was deemed to be too Orwellian in nature.
STEVEN & SAI DAYANG & CHU
The design provides various ideas on green strategies which some of it were taken into account in developing sustainable design. Energy harvesting and low energy usage were emphasized in this design.
The main basis for construction process are translated through the system of prefabricated modular unit where modular components such as CLT panels, steel components, and glulam are used in the construction as it is quicker, safer and cleaner hence allowing good a construction environment.
CHARLOTTE & IZZY
This project is clear in presenting Biospheric agenda in creating a selfsufficient society. Incorporation of programmes labeled as biospheric was implied into the building design hence creates a branding for the project.
paired WORKS After the site visit to Biospheric foundation, we were divided into pairs. Steven and I decided to do a housing which is a zero-waste building - minimal construction waste and recycle human waste. He came out with the idea of ‘Living wall’, where all of the services and energy process occur. I helped in determining circulation and units plan to accommodate the system. Due to misunderstandings, miscommunication and incompabilities between us, the production failed and the design system was not fully developed.
The plan is organized around the concept of grouped services. As stated in Design for Manufacture, the grouped services make sensible provision for future upgrades with new technology.
LIVING WALL
PLAN DEVELOPMENT
A central glazed corridor is used to give access to services such water and waste and provides excess space for future services and green technology. This space is used to regulate the temperature of the individual dwellings and provides ventilation.
However, some gyst of the building was taken forward to the development of second phase of the Biospheric project.
LIVING WALL SYSTEM CONCEPT
MASTERPLAN
Prefabricated volumes are assembled to form three groups of one or two bedroom apartments. This is a rapid and cost-effective form of construction that allows fro flexibility. The whole building can be de-mounted and re-arranged on a different site within a number of days. PEABODY HOUSE, MURRAY GROVE
PRECEDENT STUDY
Following a meeting with the client, Vincent Walsh and his lawyer Nikki, we established 6 key criteria which were desirable in the proposal. 1. Solar Capture. For the design to be dictated by the solar capture. 2. To have an ecology that runs throughout the building, to allow the residents to integrate and co-evolve with the environment. 3. An access route that runs through the site from the north side to the east side, toward the future developments. 4. To consider energy efficiency. 5. To incorporate a distinguishable feature, to brand it as ‘biospheric’. 6. The allow for future adaptability and flexibility.
1. OVERLOOKING
4. MAXIMISING DAYLIGHTING
2. SUSTAINABLE CERTIFIED
5. UNITS NUMBER
3. ACCESSIBILITY
6. INTERIOR COMFORT
1. SOLAR CAPTURE
CLIENT BRIEF
To create a viable design solution, all of passive and sustainable consideration combined with the client’s expectation are gathered and pointed out. Some basic and general passive design are to be the guideline for the scheme. Main client’s needs and expectation also need to be the requirements indeveloping the design
DIAGRAM STUDIES
biospheric DETAIL CRITERIA
2. INTEGRATED ECOLOGY
3. DOUBLE ACCESS
5. DISTINGUISHABLE FEATURE
6. ADAPTABLE
£
4. LOW ENERGY BILLS
client critical ENGAGEMENT To begin with there was so much excitement for COMMUNICATION this project. We expect a strong collaboration from our Although Vincent Walsh, whom the building is designed for was very hard to get hold of most of the time, since he is a very busy researcher and entrepreuner, whenever we did get a chance to talk, we were able to focus on the goals of Biospheric Foundation, and also his property development company, Microcosm, and what they wanted to achieve with this residential building (e.g. how many rooms, who lives there, financial feasibility, etc) We then used those information to inform our design.
collaborator, but after our second meeting, there was a more laissez faire attitude to work in this project. Some had to do with our collaborator’s hectic schedule and the rest are on our attitude. However, this is a normal process in any work group and can be explained in the next paragraph. If we refer to the theory, each member of the team would choose what was their greatest strength and interest, though in practice this meant that a number of people attempted the same task and work was uncoordinated. Whilst this sometimes produced good results, the team worked best when one person took the lead with others supporting.
One of the major issues was communication and from that co-ordination. Despite using the appropriate methods of communication through Facebook and mobile, some members would respond very slowly if not at all. Through the course of the projects the team developed from an unstructured group to one that begun to understand the knowledge, strengths and weaknesses of each team member. Maybe this explain why the big team has been divided into two sub-teams which proved better able to manage the workload, with some focusing on the housing research and others on housing design whilst consulting with each other at various ‘checkpoints’ in the design.
Vincent Walsh, Director of Biospheric Foundation
group COMMUNICATION & ENGAGEMENT Communication and Decision Making Systems for communication and sharing information were established at the start of the project, through Facebook, Dropbox and Google drive. With group work it is important to make a unified decision on work and changes in the design to ensure everyone is happy and any issues with the ‘idea’ are raised. When work was to be allocated, or certain design decisions stated, there was often an issue where a lot of time was spent waiting for responses or for the choice of work an individual would take on. Occasionally, out of necessity, quick decisions were made without continually waiting for group approval. Team Structure Different stages in the development of the project required a different team structure. The initial creative phase required a high degree of autonomy while the more technical and tactical phase required a more rigid structure. Team Overview There have been a number of issues raised throughout this period of the group work, all of which are to expected. Issues of communication and prompt group meeting attendance have certainly added to the complexities of the projects. However, through all the chaos, we have produced some very robust projects. Fortify had always proved to be a challenge in making it a reality through its structure and design. The group has been able to explore and test a number Bibliography Belbin, R Meredith,Team Roles at Work, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010. Healy, Patrick L., Project Management, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007. Janis, Irving L., Group Think, Houghton Mifflin, 1982. Maylor, Harvey, Project Management, Pearson Education, 2010.
work TIMELINE
main ISSUE After researching and analysing the site and clients’ requirements, we’ve found a triangulation of the issue, as it is a whole full cycle of the major criteria. Due to the fact that the site is situated in a developing area, architectural structures dominates the land, hence creating less vegetation in the area. Given a piece of land to accommodate and cultivate the green, various concern and consideration are needed to make it happen. Within the increasing population in the site, the needs of comfortable residential and living spaces become urgent. In creating a feasible design that can contain the vegetation along the growing society in the small land, the lifecycle concept was implemented to the design.
‘‘ There is no better designer than NATURE ” - Vincent 2014 LESS VEGETATION
caused by small land, creating lesser vegetation
?
causedbydensepopulation, creating smaller land
GAIA DWELLINGS
caused by less vegetation, creatingdenserpopulation
DENSE POPULATION
SMALL LAND
lifecycle CONCEPT By taking all those elements into consideration, it seems that sustainability seems to be the best solution which fits the context of the issue for the Biospheric Foundation. However, while looking through the possible ways of developing the site and idea, a question emerged with factors that stimulate the reurbanisation of the area. “What if we didn’t have to adapt our lifestyle to sustainability, but adjusted our sustainable designs to the way we want to live?” It is from this question that arise the main statement of my design came about. For this question is further refined by this statement, “ECOLOGICAL initiatives will only prosper in the real world if they work as a viable economic model.” In order to achieve this goal, I have subdivided my strategies into 6. From those strategies, I will develop my ideas and refine them alongside reinvestigating the issues and systems to enhance and make a solid statement of my concept.
1. SITE this is the geographical setting whose boundaries and context outlast ephemeral buildings
4. GROW 3. NOURISH
the branches extend
let the roots grow
5. STRENGTHEN the bark reforms
2. SOW
6. BREATHE
plant the seeds
the leaves take shape
1. RESTORE restoring the land
‘‘ Lifecycle of a Tree ”
2. STRUCTURE these are the building with structural life ranging from 30 - 300 years
3. SKIN
2. SOW
exterior surface which changes every 20 years or so
+
=
programmes
3. NOURISH water strategy
1. RESTORE massing + urban strategy
4. GROW
7. THE TREE
food strategy
future development
*Diagram of Frequency of Change Within a Building (Steward Brand 1994)
7. THE TREE full growth of the plant
4. SERVICES
5. SPACE-PLAN
6. STUFFS
6. BREATHE
5. STRENGTHEN
the working guts of a building, which wear out every 7 - 15 years.
the interior layou which changes every 3 years or so
all things that twitch around daily to monthly
facade + materiality
structurility
development WORKFLOW disability zero carbon efficiency
biomass
overlooking
urban strategy
robust accessibility
aquaponics elevated terrace
water strategy
food strategy
future development structurility
insulation
gaia dwellings
solar capture modularity
grey water recycling rainwater harvesting
hydroponic urban farming
carbon bank self sufficiency
living green wall
Cradle to Cradle
durability self maintained
programmes waste management
flexibility
courtyard
agriculture
prefabrication
materiality + facade
Analysing our biospheric research of the site condition, brief and client’s preference, we realised that a system is needed before engaging into the design development and it is by a series of steps. With this in mind we looked into our ideas, perceptions and predictions of the future and came up with 6 main outlines for the project: 1. it will be responsive to the external environment and development; 2. with the ability to transform itslef to suit the individuality of its occupants; 3. user-friendly and simple to operate; 4. a community based development based on self-sufficiency; 5. a zero carbon strategy and 6. a flexible and low maintainance strategy.
design PROCESS
visual privacy
building enclosure
urban strategy
site structurility
materiality + facade
water strategy
recyclability
humble materials rainwater collection reuse
structure skin availability
services
MHRV adaptability programmes
occupant’s comfort open planning
food strategy
economy
design considerations
space plan
For the development of our housing concept we focused on five key points on which to research based on Steward Brand’s ideology of Layers of Change : site, structure. skin, services and space plan. We researched and analysed each of them arriving at the conclusion that the home of the future should improve the visual privacy, recyclability, humble materials, rainwater collection, reuse, adaptability, occupant’s comfort, open planning and economy. This led to the concept of the lifecycle of a building
early IDEAS After reviewing all of the proposed design, we brought some of the strategies into our design. the most prominent ideas was used as a basis with complementation of other ideas. Some of the few strategies that were brought into and developed were; maximisation of solar energy, having a common community space for the occupants, sustainable construction methods whereby looking into dry construction system, and implementing biospheric ecology into the whole of the building system.
At first we looked into the macro scale of the site and the accessibility of the site location. The planning started where the point of entrance is situated at a place whereby there is a sense of privacy and comfort. The journey starts from a small confined space; acting as a lobby; and ends up at a huge open space, which in this case is the open courtyard. It is as a transitional space from the public to the semi-private area.
The residential unit is insured by 2 layers of security, which is at the entrance gate and another at the core stairs entrance. This allows the layers of space privacy to be controlled, from a public to semi-private and lastly to the private space, encompassing of the units. The massing replicates one of the favoured ideas from the reviews with enhancement to improve the building system and workability.
GROW
massing : RESTORE Realization of the project was initialized through the site adaptation and biospheric requirements. Conceptual massing and urban strategy were implemented into the site to give shape for the form. Development of the form also was influenced by the biospheric distinguishedprogram. The commercial and bigscale program of the biospheric foundation such as hydroponics was translated to suit the residential function of the building.
programme : STRATEGY ‘‘ rainwater is
01
SITE
02
OVERLOOKING
03
MAXIMUM UNITS
collected and filtered to provide the necessary nutrients for the germniation of the seeds ”
‘‘ the seeds are germinated, with nutrients provided by the worm compost and water harvesting ”
FILTER
HARVEST RECYCLE
‘‘ a closed loop-system ”
04
COURTYARD
05
ACCESSIBILITY
06
SOLAR CAPTURE
FOOD
07
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROOF
08
DOUBLE OPENINGS
‘‘ the waste from crops are composed in the worms sewerage system producing fertilisers ”
‘‘ the full grown seeds are transferred, and harvested as food source for the community ”
WASTE
HUMAN
‘‘ Green Lifecycle ”
The system of the building was intended to imitate the lifecycle of a tree, starting to grow in land and end back in land. Recycle and reuse concept are widely use in achieving zero-carbon environment.
SECOND LEVEL
THIRD LEVEL
design DEVELOPMENT OPTION 1
PHASE I The first idea was to maximize the number of units in this project. It can be explained through the plans where the plans was designed identical to the layout of the site. As a result, it managed to produce 15 units of housing.
SECTION A
SECTION B
SECTION C
SECTION A
SECTION B
SECTION C
BASEMENT
GROUND LEVEL
FIRST LEVEL
OPTION 3
OPTION 2
We also proposed to make a courtyard at the centre of the development so that we can have all units receiving good amount of sunlight. However, this idea was revised because it didn’t provide a good living space for the residents.
SECTION D
water : NOURISH
‘‘ Rainwater Cycle of Reuse ” RAINWATER HARVESTING
Water strategy involves reusing greywater and rainwater harvesting as another source of water for domestic and agricultural use.
food : GROW
AGRICULTURE ‘‘ rainwater is used for watering the crops and seeds ”
Food strategy was basically the biospheric’s feature of the building; Encouraging occupants to grow their own food and recycle their food waste to be use back for agriculture as fertilizers.
‘‘ We took a space
HARVEST
GROW
that was already a productive green roof, and we said, ‘Why not take that one step further and grow vegetables on it? ”
Enclosed and cemented catchment area
‘‘ Living Green Wall ” INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOF WIND TURBINES
A water filter is used to make the water usable for daily activities. An RO filter is used to make it portable
rainwater storage
is filtered and reused for flushing of toilets. ”
‘‘ Rainwater Filtration ”
sand filter
WATERTANK
pump
main concrete tank
‘‘ Rainwater Harvesting System ”
WATER CULATION SYSTEM
HYDROPONICS INTERACTIVE INTERIOR SURFACES
‘‘ rainwater
TOILET USAGE
FOOD GROWTH STADIUM
BIO WALL
tank
INTEGRATED WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM
Water after a certain level in the main tank is allowed to flow freely into soil, through a filter and valve combination to make sure that the soil does not enter water n the main tank.
MOVABLE WALLS RESPONSIVE FLOORING SYSTEM WATER BASEMENT FOUNDATIONS
HOLDING TANK http://allthingabout.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/future-living-house-design-concept.html
CABBAGE
TOMATOES
CARROTS
‘‘ Vegetation System ”
design DEVELOPMENT PHASE II Since the focus is for a liveable space, the design is now having a different terrace so that each unit will have access to terrace garden and most importantly the sunlight. The number of units is different according to the various options offered. It ranges from 1015 units. The number of 1 bedroom apartment is more than a 2 bedroom apartment and studio. This due to the input given by our client that 1 bedroom apartment is more appealing for the potential tenants. At this stage also various sustainable features have been put forward for client, namely water harvesting, solar panel and green wall.
GROUND LEVEL
SECTION A
SECTION B
SECTION C
PROPOSED INTERIOR IMAGES
SECTION D BASEMENT
FIRST LEVEL
SECOND LEVEL
THIRD LEVEL
‘‘ Prefabrication Method ”
structurality : STRENGHTEN In striving towards zero-waste environment, choice of material and construction method also played a vital role. Structurality of the building needs to be durable so that it can be a long-lasting and low maintenance building.
STONE SLATES CLADDING
‘‘ Take prefabricated panels, add a dose of ingenuity, and a desire for an extremely green home ” LOW COST ‘‘ The parts are standardised and made off site in a controlled environment. ”
COLUMN - TO - COLUMN CONNECTION
AERATED CONCRETE PLANK
WASTE
RECYCLE
TIMBER PANELS
RESTORE
SLATE STONE
UNTREATED BAMBOO SHUTTER
UNTREATED BAMBOO
FIXING BRACKETS
TRIPLE GLAZING WINDOW
FAST ‘‘ The construction speed is quicker, because the parts are standardised. ” GREEN ‘‘ pre-fab parts being made off site in a controlled environment, a lot of construction waste is reduced ”
GLULAM BEAM
‘‘ Shutter Wall Connection ”
‘‘ Detailed Connections ” INTERNAL WALL TIMBER PANELS
2nd FLOOR BEAMS GLULAM
EXTENDED CLADDING TIMBER PANELS
EXTERIOR CLADDING ST0NE SLATES
PRIMARY BEAM GLULAM
PRIMARY COLUMN GLULAM
SECONDARY BEAM GLULAM
AIRCRETE FLOOR SLAB
Materiality chosen is responsive to the climate as it need to has low carbon emission. Facade system also helps in maintaining low energy consumption of the building.
AIRCRETE FLOOR PLANKS GLULAM BEAM
GLULAM POST + BEAMS
materiality : BREATHE
TRANSFER COLUMN GLULAM
‘‘ Construction Components ”
FLOOR DECKS AERATED CONCRETE PLANKS
EXTERNAL WALL STRAW BALE PANELS
EXTENDED CLADDING TIMBER PANELS
TRIPLE GLAZE GLASS
STRAWBALE WALL
‘‘ Facade Intrications ”
EXTERIOR CLADDING STONE SLATES
N
N
final DEVELOPMENT After discussed and reviewed by tutors and the client, we have decided to choose option no 4 where the number of units is low (12 units to be exact) thus giving a bigger space for residents. However the exterior of the house needs to be changed to give the look more modern and sustainable. At this stage, materials for the construction have been proposed. Glulam and straw bale wall are the main component in this house. The green wall will be put at the back of the house to represent what Biospheric are doing which is to produce food at home. This of course, will make the building is the living branding of Biospheric.
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
N
SUB-BASEMENT PLAN
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
THIRD FLOOR PLAN
front elevation FACING EAST PHILLIPS STREET
section A LATITUDINAL
section C LATITUDINAL
C
section D LATITUDINAL
D
A
section B LATITUDINAL
B
INTERNAL WALL CLT PANELS
PV solar panels
EXTERNAL WALL
rainwater harvesting
STRAW BALE PANELS
glulam post & beam
straw bale wall
PRIMARY BEAM
MHRV domestic
GLULAM
urban farming
PRIMARY COLUMN
SECONDARY BEAM
GLULAM
GLULAM electricity
living green wall
heating & cooling
TRIPLE GLAZING WINDOW GLASS
locally grown food
local sewage system
SEPTIC TANK
CHP national grid
CHP unit
worm + natural compost
worm based septic tank
worm + natural compost
rainwater tank
sectional ECOLOGICAL DIAGRAM
EXTERIOR CLADDING
EXTENDED CLADDING
STONE SLATES
TIMBER PANELS
TRANSFER COLUMN GLULAM
FLOOR DECKS AERATED CONCRETE PLANKS
technical CONSTRUCTION
G A I A D W E L L I”N G S
‘‘ There is no better designer than NATURE
- Vincent 2014
VIEW OF THE ROOF GARDEN
VIEW OF THE COURTYARD
interior RENDERS
competition BOARD
future DEVELOPMENT The development is the result of a partnership between BDP architect, Biospheric foundation and Urban Splash Manchester. The aim of the project has been to stimulate the development a low carbon built environment in that area and also to kick-start a ‘green’ economy in the country. The Biospheric Passive house project is a unique development of 12 affordable and sustainable houses located on the site of the East Phillips St, Manchester. To complement this project, there are two parcels of lands that will be developed near to Biospheric house. On the right side of the house is the proposed Asda Supermarket where a large of visitor is expected to come. There is also a SOHO project that will be undertaken at the front of the BIospheric house. To ensure the low carbon footprint, a pedestrian will be designated at the current roadway. Each of the developments will be constructed from a range of locally sourced materials that demonstrate high sustainability credentials.
personal REFLECTION For this project we were required to collaborate with the Biospheric Foundation and Urban Splash. Our tasks were to divide from a large group of eight, to a smaller group of four and to revise the ‘development’ from the paired projects of the human habitat at a practical level. It was a different experience working with a real client as we have to deal not only on a real site but the project should be sellable and user friendly. We have to acquire the skills of marketing and to think in the shoes of a developer, the client, the respondents and also as an architect. Communication skills are a necessity in this project, as we have to be smart in delegating works and presenting proposals to the clients and also to the banks. As the combination of the collaborators are the total opposite, Biospheric Foundations are more concerned with the ecology of the project whilst the Urban Splash is more into the value of the spaces and how could they sell it to the bank. We had to present 2 different proposals for the project, which consisted of my team and Charlotte’s. In my group dynamics, we have to divide the workload according to the timeframe, as there were a few disruptions unintentional or not. Inda and I had to act as both the buffers and mediators between the sudden outbursts of emotions and misunderstandings due to lack of interest in the project and laziness. Therefore, it was up to us to take charge of the project and to reel them into a productive direction. We managed to come up with an appealing concept for all members, divided the workload between ourselves and told everybody what needed to be done. The challenge was that we had to keep up with the other group, as during the first few weeks before Easter, there were only 2 members in our team for Radzi had to leave to Malaysia due to an emergency meeting whilst Alan went missing in the first week and had to leave to Cyprus for the next two weeks. It was fun and interesting to experience in developing the design although at first my attempt was failed. Taking forward some ideas from different groups’ scheme and working with the right team members of a small group make it happening and productive eventhough there are sleepless nights when striving to finalize the product.
PLUG IN STREET ART ANALOGIES EVENT 2014
COMMUNICATION
groupwork REFLECTION ANALOGIES Event was the best platform for improving our management skill, as this project are specifically demand to organize a small event by our own. The process of brainstorming for better decision making are the most crucial part in this learning. Regular face to face meeting was involved in the earlier process to refine and polish our project brief before the distribution work begin.We have established roles of individual skill in producing an efficient output. Despite of any difficulty throughout the process, we believe that this project was a success as we had clearly distributed the task. I have been assigned with tasks regarding venue authorization. All things related to availability and permission to use the space was managed by me. This has lead to the engagement with Manchester City Council as we are using public city space. Other than venue authorization, I’ve also supported the team members in all means. ( See Street Art Plug In appendix for details )
POST
FATIN ZOLKEPLAY
PRE
OBJECTIVES
RISK ASSESSMENT
DIAGRAM
REQUIREMENT
MEETING
AGENDA
SESSION PLAN
PLUG IN STREET ART
PRODUCTION
SCHEDULE
DESIGN BRIEF METHOD OF STATEMENT
SAIDATUL SHAZRI qed
COLLABORATOR
BRIEF GENERATION
qed
CALL
INTENTION
SCOTT MILLER (Construction)
GROUNDWORK
DANIEL NUTTAL (Glass work)
GUIDANCE
KNOWLEDGE ATTAINMENT
RESEARCH
HELENE RUDLIN (Planting)
TUTOR
DOLAN THOMAS (Street Art)
DOCUMENTS FORMAL LETTERS
PUBLICITY FLYERS
COMMENCEMENT
POSTER
MATERIAL PROCUREMENT
PAMPHLET
TRANSPORTATION TOOLS HIRE
VENUE AUTHORIZATION STEVENSON SQUARE MANCHESTER CITY COUNCIL
MSA WORKSHOP SUE MERILL
ENGAGEMENT WITH PARTICIPANTS
MSA LEARNING SPACES LAURA SANDERSON
COLIN PUGH
DOMINIC SAGAR
RECYCLED MATERIALS
ANWAR FADER
intimate cities
REPORT: STEEL
MATERIAL MANUFACTURING MASTERCLASS
Alan Pun Mohd Fakhruradzi Isobel Blacklock Fatin Thurayyah Saidatul Syahirah Shazri
The Pig iron made from phosphorus-free ores are only found here
Cauc
asus
Iron formed material basis
regio
n
WALES
USA
Wrought Iron 0.02-0.08 carbon tough and malleable Iron Age replacing the Bronze
Cast pig Iron 3.5- 4.0 carbon hard and brittle
Production of cheap steel, 1860s
SWEDEN
EUROPE
It allows a large production of steel and recycling of scrap metal
Steel 0.2 - 1.5 carbon harder than wrought iron malleable and exible History of steel making
ASIA
Bessemer Process, 1813-1898 (Mass production of cheap steel)
Cementation Process, 1800s 1. Bars of wrought iron would be packed in powdered charcoal 2. layer upon layer, in tightly covered stone boxes 3. heated for a few days to absorb carbon. This was called as crucible steel; it was of a high quality , but expensive
Steel can be made to the precise specifications of the customer as to chemical composition and mechanical properties.
AFRICA
1. Molten pig iron will be filled in the pear-shaped converter. 2. The blast of air through the molten pig iron, followed by the addition of a small quantity of molten spiegel, converts the whole mass of molten pig iron to steel.
open-hearth process / Siemens gas furnace, 1860s This is the process of controlling the carbon content by adding the wrought iron to molten pig iron through dilution and oxidation.
Initial Bessemer process could only be used on pig iron made from phosphorus-free ores
Evolution of Iron and Steel
The production of iron by humans began after 2000 BCE in south-west or south-central Asia, perhaps in the Caucasus region. When iron is smelted from its ore by commercial processes, it contains more carbon than is desirable. Thus, unbalance strength and ductility in Iron has encourage the production of steel. Steel can be made stronger than pure iron but it must be melted and reprocessed to reduce the carbon to the correct amount.
Basic Bessemer process/ Thomas basic process Limestone is use to convert the phosphorus from the pig iron into the slag, which oats to the top of the converter where it can be skimmed off, resulting in phosphorus-free steel The growth of railroads in the 1800s created a huge market for steel
Advantages
The production of Iron began
Steelmaking Process Steelmaking is the process for producing steel from iron and ferrous scrap. This is a process to produce a different grades of steel through adding manganese, nickel, chromium and vanadium, and removing a chemical impurities. Steel making process can be broken into two categories; Primary steelmaking and Secondary steelmaking.
- Loading scrap or direct reduced iron into the furnace. - Gas burner may be used to assist with the melt down of the scrap pile in the furnace. - Fluxes are added to protect the lining of the vessel and help improve the removal of impurities.
Reduce capital cost of the plants, time of smelting, increased labor productivity.
Electric arc furnace steelmaking typically uses furnaces of capacity around 100 tonnes that produce steel every 40 to 50 minutes
Secondary steelmaking involves refining of the crude steel before casting SECONDARY STEELMAKING
Modern furnaces will take a charge of iron of up to 350 tons and convert it into steel in less than 40 minutes
ADVANTAGES
Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into steel
1948 by Robert Durrer This is a refined version of the Bessemer converter where blowing of air is replaced with blowing oxygen.
PERFORMANCE
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is a process of melting scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) into steel.
METHOD
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) is a process of converting liquid iron and steel scrap into steel. PRIMARY STEELMAKING
- Blast furnace (BF) with a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) integrated process: This involves reduction of iron ore with coking coal, followed by the removal of excess carbon with oxygen to create steel. This process represents 66% of world crude steel production. - Electric Arc Furnace (EAF): this involves production of new steel from steel scrap, using electricity to melt the material. This process accounts for 25% of total steel production. - Direct Reduction Iron (DRI-EAF): the EAF is supplied with Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) i.e. iron oxide that has been directly reduced using thermal coal, natural gas or even oil. This process represents 6% of total crude steel production.
METHOD
Three primary processes account for over 95% of global steel production. These are:
DEVELOPMENT
Figure: The Process diagram of a steel from Raw Material to the final market output.
It is most commonly performed in ladles and referred to as ladle (metallurgy). The operations performed in ladles include de-oxidation, vacuum degassing, alloy addition, inclusion removal, inclusion chemistry modification, de-sulphurisation and homogenisation Tight control of ladle metallurgy is associated with producing high grades of steel
Rolling Mills
SURFACE FINISHING SERVICES
Steelmaking process is a production of intermediate steel product. After this process, they will undergo the finishing process in rolling mills. Most of the slabs are heated in reheating furnace and rolled into final shape in hot or cold rolling according to the actual dimension. Mechanical forces for cold rolling will create much more force and energy needs, while hot rolling happens much faster with less forces. However, in hot rolling operation, the reheating furnace is a critical factor to determine end-product quality. Energy use in a reheating furnace depends on production factors , operational factors, and design features. Surface finishing is a broad range of industrial processes that alter the surface of a manufactured item to achieve a certain property. Finishing processes may be employed to: improve appearance, adhesion or wettability, solderability, corrosion resistance, tarnish resistance, chemical resistance, wear resistance, hardness, modify electrical conductivity, remove burrs and other surface flaws, and control the surface friction.
Washing and cleaning Processes
Surface Refinishing and Treatment
Recoating and Additive Process
- Burn-off / thermal claning - Degreasing - Pressure / spray washing - Scrub Tank / Immersion washing - Stripping / Coating Removal - Ultrasonic Cleaning
- Abrasive Blasting - Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) - Anodizing - Buffing / Polishing - Chemical Finishing - Corona Treatment - Deburring / De ashing - Honing / Superfinishing - Mass Finishing - Oxygen Cleaning - Passivation - Peening - Pickling / Chemical Deburring - Sanding / Grinding
- Conversion Coating - Cladding and Hardfacing - Plating - Sealing and Impregnation - Spray coating - Thin Film Coating - Other Coating Methods
Strategies to control the CO2 emission from steel sector The advance technology of steel has increase the market demand around the world. The consumption of steel are expected to double it amount by 2015. Towards a sustainability concern, Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking (ULCOS) are aiming to reduce 50% of Carbon dioxide emissions in 2015.
The process is based around a new type of blast furnace called a Cyclone Converter Furnace, which makes it possible to skip the process of manufacturing pig iron pellets.
1. Top Gas Recycling Blast Furnace The co2 rich stream is sent to storage.
Skip the process of manufacturing pig iron pellets makes the process more energy efficient and reduce its carbon footprint. Iron making produce 91% of CO2
2. Hlsarna technology
3. ULCORED Off-gas from the shaft is recycled into the process after CO2 has been captured, which leaves the DR plant in a concentrated stream and goes to storage cf. 4. Two electrolysis variants, ULCOWIN and ULCOLYSIS a steelmaking temperature with a molten salt made of slag. 5. Using Hydroen for direct reduction 6. Sustainable biomass Charcoal produced from eucalyptus sustainable plantations grown in tropical countries.
Figure: Blast Furnace/BOF process description
Figure: Pathways to breakthrough technologies for cutting CO2 emissions from the ore-based steel production routes
HLSARNA TECHNOLOGY
A process for primary steelmaking which Iron ore is processed almost directly into steel.
Basic Oxide Furnace (BOF) is being use as the most common production of steel. Unfortunately, this reduction process of iron ore in the Blast Furnace has produce two tonnes of CO2 per tonne of steel. Thus, through out the whole process of steel production, the majority of CO2 emission is related to iron making process. According to ULCOS, the reducing agents and fuels have to be selected from three possibilities, carbon, hydrogen and electrons, mostly in the form of electricity. However, the reduction of CO2 emission can be effectively handle through eliminating the process of iron making.
6 process taken into consideration by ULCOS to reduce the CO2 emission
Basic Oxygen Furnace steelmaking
VS
Hlsarna steelmaking Iron ore is processed directly into steel.
In a present day, Steel is the world’s most important engineering and construction material. A variaty of technolgy that allows a different set of chemical composition which contain a different strength and ductility has fulfilled a wide range of market demand. In fact, due to its ability to be reshape into any form without down grading its value has increassing its demand for a gigantic structural. Steel grades has been identified globally with a number of standard organzations. Steel standards are instrucmental in classifying, evaluating, and specifying the material, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of the different types of steels, which are primarily used in the production of mechanical components, industrial parts, and construction elements. These steel standards are helpful in guiding metallurgical laboratories ad refineries, product manufacturers, and other end-users of steel and its variants in their proper processing and application procedures to ensure quality towards safe use.
European standard steel grade names fall into two categories:
TYPE OF STEEL CARBON STEEL Steels containing 0.2% C to 1.5% C are known as carbon steel. LOW CARBON STEEL It contains 0.2% carbon. Uses: Rail tracks, armor plate, safe. MILD CARBON STEEL It contains 0.3% to 0.7%carbon. Uses: Permanent magnet. HIGH CARBON STEEL It contains 0.7% to 1.5%carbon.
STAINLESS STEEL It contains 14% to 18% chromium and 7% to 9% nickel. Uses: Car accessories, Watch case, Utensils,Cutlery. FERRITIC It contains less than 0.10% carbon and are magnetic. AUSTENITIC Up to 70% of all stainless steel production. MARTENSITIC It contains 1% of carbon.
Uses: Gear, Shaft, Cable. DUPLEX It is a combination of ferrtic and austenitic steels. The structure is stronger than both PRECIPITATION HARDENING Extremely strong with the addition of elements such as aluminium, copper, and niobium.
ALLOY STEEL An alloy is a mixture or solid solution composed of a metal and another element. MN-STEEL It contains 10%- 18% Mn Uses: Sheets, wires, pipes. Si-STEEL It contains 1%- 5% Si Uses: Rails, boilers, plates, axles, structures. Ni-STEEL It contains 2%- 4% Ni Uses: Surgical instruments, razor blades, cutlery spring.
1. Steel specified by purpose of use and mechanical properties. 2. Steel specified by chemical composition.
There are more than 3,500 different grades of steel with many different physical, chemical, and environmental properties.
Application S
There are a few standards organisation with different codding and label;
R
4. European standards - EN 10027
D
Minimum Yield Strength
Engineering steels Steel for reinforced concrete Steel for rail use
Minimum Yield Strength Characteristic Yield Case Minimum Yield Case
High Strength Cold
H
Details
Minimum Yield Strength
tube
B
3. International organization for Standardization ISO / TS 4949: 2003
8. ASTM steel standards
Minimum Yield Strength
Steel for pipe and
L
2. British Standards
7. China stell grades: GB standard
Structural steel lines and vessels
E
6. Germany steel grades: DIN standard
Mechanical Property
Steel for pressure
P
1. SAE steel grades
5. Japenese steel grades (JIS) standard
Meaning
symbol
European standard
Types of steel and grades
Rolled
Minimum Yield Case
Flat Products for
followed by C, D or X and two numbers
Cold Forming
characterising steel
T
Tinmill Products
M
Electrical Steel
Nominal Yield Case Number = 100 x specific loss in W/kg Number = 100 x nom thick in mm Letter for type of steel (A,B,E,N,S or P)
Table indicating the most common application codes Impact resistance Impact code
Temperature
Testing strength
Temperature code
Testing temperature
J
27 J
R
Room temperature
K
40 J
O
0°C
L
60 J
2
-20°C
3
-30°C
4
-40°C
5
-50°C
6
-60°C
The most common additional symbols are the impact and temperature codes for structural steels, category 1 - Sxxx
1.0715 1.0736
11SMn37
1215
9SMn28
230M07
CF9SMn28
SUM 25
9SMn36
En1A
CF9SMn36
SUM 22
230M07 1.0718 EN steel number
EN steel name
SAE grade
UNS
DIN
BS 970
UNI
JIS
11SMnPb30
EN steel 11SMnPb37 1.0737 EN steel name number
12L14 SAE grade
Carbon steels
1.1141 1.0401 1.0453
C15D
1010
C18D
1018
C15 C16.8
1.0503
C45
1.1191
CK45
1.1193
C45
1045
1.1194
Table comparing steel grades from different grading systems
CK15
CF45 CQ45
9SMnPb28 UNS
9SMnPb36 DIN
Leaded
CF9SMnPb29
SUM 22
SUM 23 En1B CF9SMnPb36 BS 970 UNI SUMJIS 24 Leaded
Carbon steels Alloy steels
040A15 080M15 080A15 EN3B
060A47 080A46 080M46
C15 C16 1C15
S12C S15 S15CK S15C
C45
1.1141 1.7218 1.0401 1.0453
C15D
1010 4130
C18D
1018
040A15 708A30 080M15 C15 GS-25CrMo4 CDS110 080A15 C16.8 EN3B
25CrMo4 C15 (KB) C16 30CrMo4 1C15
C45
CK15 25CrMo4
1.0503
C45
1C45
S45C
1.1191
CK45
C46
S48C
1.1193
C43
C45
1045
1.1194
CF45 CQ45
060A47 080A46 080M46
S12C420 SCM S15 430 SCM S15CK SCCrM1 S15C
1C45
S45C
C46
S48C
C43
1.0726
35S20
1140/11
35S20
212M40
1.0726
35S20
1140/11
35S20
212M40
1.0727
45S20
46
45S20
En8M
1.0727
45S20
46
45S20
En8M
11SMn37
1215
9SMn28
230M07
CF9SMn28
SUM 25
1.0715
CF9SMn28
SUM 25
CF9SMn36
SUM 22
1.0736
1215
230M07
En1A
11SMn37
9SMn28
9SMn36
9SMn36
En1A
CF9SMn36
SUM 22
1.0715 1.0736
230M07 1.0718
11SMnPb30
1.0737
11SMnPb37
12L14
9SMnPb28
Leaded
CF9SMnPb29
9SMnPb36
En1B
CF9SMnPb36
Leaded
SUM 22 SUM 23 SUM 24
230M07 1.0718
11SMnPb30
1.0737
11SMnPb37
12L14
4130
25CrMo4
Leaded
CF9SMnPb29
9SMnPb36
En1B
CF9SMnPb36
Leaded
Alloy steels
1.7218
9SMnPb28
SUM 22 SUM 23 SUM 24
Alloy steels
708A30
GS-25CrMo4 CDS110
25CrMo4
SCM 420
(KB)
SCM 430
30CrMo4
SCCrM1
1.7218
4130
25CrMo4
708A30
GS-25CrMo4 CDS110
25CrMo4
SCM 420
(KB)
SCM 430
30CrMo4
SCCrM1
Advantages vs Disadvantages
AS A STRUCTURAL MATERIAL
ADVANTAGES
GENERALLY Steel exhibits desirable physical properties that makes it one of the most versatile structural material in use. Its great strength, uniformity, light weight, ease of use, and many other desirable properties makes it the material of choice for numerous structures such as steel bridges, high rise buildings, towers, and other structures. Although steel has all this advantages as structural material, it also has many disadvantages that make reinforced concrete as a replacement for construction purposes. For example, steel column sometimes can not provide the necessary strength because of buckling, whereas R/C columns are generally sturdy and massive (no buckling problem occurs).
Advantages
Disadvantages
- Very strong in tension
- Time to site – slow
- Considerable compressive strength although box section is strongest
- Cost
- Tension and compression act on only top and bottom of ‘I’ section so holes can be drilled through to reduce weight and provide utility access - Speed of erection Beijing National Stadium, China, Bird’s nest
- Loss of strength in fire although it can be protected by intumescent paint or foam - Corrosion - Skilled labour
HIGH STRENGTH This means that the weight of structure that made of steel will be small. UNIFORMITY Properties of steel do not change as oppose to concrete. ELASTICITY Steel follows Hooke’s Law very accurately. DUCTILITY A very desirable of property of steel in which steel can withstand extensive deformation without failure under high tensile stresses (it gives warning before failure takes place). TOUGHNESS Steel has both strength and ductility. ADDITIONS TO EXISTING STRUCTURES Example: new bays or even entire new wings can be added to existing frame buildings, and steel bridges may easily be windened.
DISADVANTAGES MAINTENANCE COST Steel structures are susceptible to corrosion when exposed to air, water, and humidity. They must be painted periodically. FIREPROOFING COST Steel is incombustible material, however, its strength is reduce tremendously at high temperatures due to common fires SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BUCKLING For most structures, the use of steel columns is very economical because of their high strength-to-weight ratios. However, as the length and slenderness of a compressive column is increased, its danger of buckling increases. FATIGUE The strength of structural steel member can be reduced if this member is subjected to cyclic loading. BRITTLE FRACTURE Under certain conditions steel may lose its ductility, and brittle fracture may occur at places of stress concentration. Fatigue type loadings and very low temperatures trigger the situation.
Steel & Sustainability
Productivity and quality of steel construction are assured as it has extensive choices in terms of size, expertise and capabilities. An early involvement of steel in the design process can help to define the design criteria and leads to the maximum economic and speed efficiency over the whole life of the structure. Steel was manufactured in a controlled fabrication factory environment. Pre-engineered and consistent structural components can be produced to fulfill specific requirements of each project. Standardized and certified components are delivered to site while waste produced are recycled and reused again in the steelmaking process.Steel sustainability can relate to its recyclability that involves its life cycle and carbon control; reusability and adaptability; and durability. Steel sustainability can relate
Steel has always associated as an ultimate construction material in due its properties. Its remarkable strength-to-weight ratio gives architects complete flexibility in designing new form and creation within the built environment which can lead to life satisfactory. Steel also contributes towards low and zero carbon buildings as it can be recycled and reused endlessly without losing its original properties. These attributes make steel a high value material at all stages of its life cycle. The emergence of the recovery infrastructure for steel recycling has widely established for decades globally.
Source: worldsteel, AISI, JISF and JFE, “Global steel sectoral approach�, presentation in Washington, 2008
Manchester Victoria Station, 2014 (Source: Author)
Steel sustainability was assured through its off-site manufacturing. Compared to on-site construction, off-site fabrication is quicker, safer, and more efficient with minimal to almost no on-site waste. Speed of construction is fundamental to sustainable development as it contributes to economic benefits.
to its recyclability that involves its life cycle and carbon control; reusability and adaptability; and durability.
Source: both eyes open web pres., p.7, www.botheyesopen.com
Steel & Recyclability
In making sustainable steel products, rather than striving towards expanding the recycled content of steel, continuous and economic recycling of the steel at their end of their useful life should be secured.
STEEL CONSUMPTION CHART
Recycling is most economical since it is likely to reduce cost increment and international transport of steel. Steel recycling also helps in saving energy that eventually contributes in reducing carbon emissions. Less energy was required to re-melt scrap steel rather than producing new steel from primary resources.
The conventional end-of-life scenario for architectural structures was demolition and landfill. However, reclaimable and recyclable materials are getting attention in the construction industry. Construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings produced waste in state of materials that can be recycled. As prefabricated products and systems, waste from steel construction is easy to be collected and separated for recycling. Steel has been recycled for over 150 years. Steel is a unique material as it can be reused and recycled repeatedly without any detriments. Steel can easily be recycled to becomes new steel of the same quality as there is no downgrading occur in the steel recycling process.
Source: www.cspr.co.uk
Source: worldsteel.org
STEEL RECYCLING PROCESS Steel can last for a long time, therefore, there is a lot of steel to accommodate growing global demands. Steel is the most recycled material in the world. Since they are not consumed during the recycling, the investment of resources in making steel is never wasted and make steel a highly sustainable material. Steel recycling infrastructure and recovery is efficient and economical. Approximately one third of total steel demand is scrap steel. Scrap steel is treasured due to its recyclability hence little steel goes to waste and ensure the longevity of steel products in construction.
Scrap Collection
Re-melting process
Metallurgy process
Casting new forms
New steel production
Source: www.ssab.com
CO2 emission
cradle-to-cradle
‘Embodied carbon’ was defined as lifecycle of greenhouse gas emissions which happened during the manufacturing and transporting construction materials and components. Embodied carbon also resulted by the construction process itself and end-of-life aspects of the building which comprises of recycling, reuse and demolition. Operation of the building also contributes to almost half of all energy use and carbon emission which eventually create the complete life-cycle carbon footprint of the building. Aims towards reduction in carbon emission and operation of ‘zero carbon’ building are the huge challenge in the construction industry especially in UK. Steel construction plays important parts in the challenge as it is responsible for a significant contribution to the emission. As to reduce emissions, efficient use of resources, recycling and reuse are crucial in sustainable development. Construction industry produces over three times of domestic waste production. For steel construction, vital elements that needed to be in focus are the impact of steel along its life cycle, the use of by-products, recycling, energy and water management. As steel has high strength-to-weight ratio, the embodied CO2 emissions of steel buildings are
Source: Target Zero, school buildings study
often lower than other buildings using alternative materials since one tonne of steel can last longer than other materials. Manufacturer implemented various strategies in reducing the emissions, for example, changing of material uses into steel in achieving less gas intensive.
Establishment of design guidance and information that allows designers to create buildings that reduce the whole-life costs and environmental impacts of the buildings can also help in reducing the emission. Although the relative significance of the embodied carbon impact of buildings is increasing as the operational energy efficiency of buildings in improved, by addressing operational carbon reduction can also produce a massive impact in controlling the emission.
Source: http://steelstewardship.com/lifecycle/
The end-of-life of buildings was traditionally associated to demolition. Due to the significance of waste and environmental impacts caused by building demolitions, full life cycle of buildings that include end-of-life impacts of demolition and the recycling and reuse of demolition materials was assessed and accounted in construction. Comparing cradle-to-cradle and cradle-to-gate, the latter studies excludes all subsequent impacts which include transportation to
site, construction and waste on site, maintenance and end-of-life impacts. Cradle-to-cradle studies are achieving towards ‘closed loop recycling .’ As the steel can be recycled infinitely without downcycling its original properties, they can be considered as the only truly cradle-to-cradle recycled material. In steel recycling, raw material and energy savings are important in creating a sustainable environment.
Steel & Reusability
FLOW OF MATERIALS, COMPONENTS AND PRE-FABRICATED ELEMENTS
adaptability Changes in lifestyle, technologies, demographics and laws resulted in new and diverse demands on buildings. Incompetence to adapt and improve buildings can reduce its occupants’ productivity. It also can leads to the building premature redundancy and subsequent demolition.
Another way in achieving sustainability in steel construction is through reuse and reconstruction of steel buildings. Steel as a truly recycled material can be used repeatedly hence enabling a sustainable future. Steel reuse can be defined as any process where end-of-life steel is not re-melted to make new products, but enters a new product use phase. Steel reuse can helps in minimizing material inputs and waste in steel production.
Steel-framed buildings are easily adaptable if there are changes in configuration of the building. Steel natural adaptability and flexibility can allow future changes and extensions with minimal disruption and cost.
Steel reuse is the best form of recycling as it required little or no additional energy for reprocessing. Steel reuse can be achieved through implementation of ‘design for deconstruction’ as it can maximize recycling and reuse of building components.
The steel frame itself is adaptable, with parts added or removed, and its light weight means extra floors can be added without overloading existing foundations. Long-span steel solutions also provide flexible clear span spaces which allow functional changes hence increasing the lifetime of buildings.
Since steel frames are made of parts, it is possible that they may be dismantled and reconstructed in different locations within a short period, minimal waste production (dust and dirt), and very little noise. Design for deconstruction has been enhanced by the standardization of components and connections in steel construction. Bolted connection specifically can allow components to be removed in prime condition and reused individually or as an entire structure. This can ensure a continuous loop of reused and the steel components potentially never sent to landfill.
Source: http://livingsteel.org/tutorial/construction-tutorial
Another potential way of reuse is modular construction which offer the biggest opportunities in steel reuse. Adaptability of the application and components are vital in modular construction. The useful life of buildings can be extended through the adaptations and reconfiguration of the building as a whole.
SALVAGED SECTIONS OF HIGHWAY CONVERTED INTO A HOUSE
Steel & Durability
In maintaining and extending the lifetime of buildings, steel durability also needs to be paid attention. Steel construction need to be safe, robust, efficient, easily maintained and protected so that it can enhance their environmental performance. Steel is highly durable. They are strong and ductile, making it highly resistant to accidental damage. It can be easily repaired and restored to its full strength through cutting, welding, or bolting. A durable steel structure can be defined as one that performs satisfactorily according to the desired function in the working environment. The cross sectional area should not deteriorate and lose strength due to corrosion under the predicted exposure condition during its useful life. The material used, the detailing, fabrication, erection and surface protection measures should consider corrosion reduction and durability requirements.
SHAPE, SIZE, ORIENTATION OF MEMBERS, CONNECTIONS & DETAILS
EXPOSURE CONDITION
SPECIAL STEELS
REQUIREMENT FOR DURABILITY
CORROSION PROTECTION METHODS
PROTECTIVE COATING REQUIREMENT
SURFACE PROTECTION
Although steel structures are lightweight, there are thermally responsive which help to minimize energy use in buildings. Steel structures are durable and require little maintenance, deriving maximum value from the resources invested in it hence minimizing its whole-life costs. They do not decay as quickly as other construction materials and last longer before refurbishment is required.
The right application and proper planning could allow effective steel construction. Collaboration between the designer, the manufacturer and the engineer should be encouraged in this industry as it can minimize or even dimished the production of construction waste thus lowering carbon emission. With the advancement of digital technology and machineries, accuracy and precision in steel fabrication can allow rapid and safe construction. Therefore economics and sustainability can be achieved. Future research and innovation on improving the composition of the steel should be developedd as it can help in enhancing the durability of the steel to withsatand any weather and thermal circumstances. Thus making the structures’ lifespan longer and maintenance-free - small carrbon footprint.
Case Study 1: Victoria Train Station_BDP
Redevelopment of historic train station in Manchester’s city centre, encompassing a new roof and reorientation of internal spacesPRODUCT to maximise user comfort within the station. The roof facilitates maximum DESK EDUCATIONAL ingress of daylighting through its innovative design and material use. The development of the internal spaces includes the installation of a new mezzanine access deck plus a ticket barrier, concourse flooring and external doors. Key to the design of the circulation is the harmonising of the relationship between pedestrian flows from the station and adjacent music arena.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
The design of the building’s new roof exploits the technical capabilities of steel, with the collaboration/ relationship between designer and manufacturer being integral to the process from the outset.
LOCATION Manchester, UK
CLIENT Network Rail
MATERIALS Steel, ETFE, in-situ concrete buttresses
ARCHITECT BDP
STEEL ENGINEER Severfield-Watson GIFA 8754m2
MAIN CONTRACTOR Morgan Sindall PROJECT VALUE £44 million
COMPLETION January 2015 (estimated)
- A new, brighter roof that allows for future expansion of the station - An improved concourse, including a new bridge link to the Manchester Arena, making the entire station fully accessible - Improvements to the footbridge spanning platforms 3-6 allowing for growth in passenger numbers - Sympathetic refurbishment of the Grade II listed Victoria buildings - including the war memorial, glass dome, Soldiers Gate and the wall map - restoring them to their former glory - A refurbished external canopy, new lighting and glazed entrances to revitalise the Victoria Buildings - A revamp of the retail spaces and opening of new ones for a better shopping experience - Improvements to the ticket hall and the paved station approach - Upgraded Metrolink facilities
INTERNAL VISUALISATIONS (BDP)
INSTALLATION PROGRAMME:
1. Spring 2013: Scaffolding erected, temporary roof deck installed. Work begins on dismantling old roof and on concourse substructure. 2. Summer 2013: Work starts on Mezzanine level. Cleaning starts on Victoria Buildings façade. Metrolink upgrade begins. 3. Autumn 2013: Old roof fully dismantled and installation of new roof trusses begins. 4. Winter 2013/14: Installation of new ETFE roof begins. 5. Spring 2014: Ticket gates installed. Mezzanine level structural work completes. Victoria Buildings façade fully cleaned and internal restoration complete. 6. Summer 2014: Completion of ETFE roof and concourse resurfacing. 7. Autumn/Winter 2014: Completion of external works on Victoria Buidlings Metrolink upgrades complete. 8. Early 2015: Project completes.
1:1250 Roof Plan in context
EXTERNAL VISUALISATION (BDP)
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Case Study 1: Victoria Train Station_BDP special design requirements -steel -etfe
Notably, the construction methodology of the new roof for Victoria Station permitted the station to function as usual whilst works were being undertaken.
LOCATION OF DETAILS
Construction of new roof
3
Roof 15 curvilinear steel roof beams (1200x500mm with spans of 40100m) Supported by folded plate columns, Fabricated in 10m sections before robot weld on site. Roof steels restrained from uplift by concrete buttresses at base (1500x5675mm) Lateral bracing (in plan) between columns at outermost end bays. Encased in ETFE pillows allowing direct fixing to structure fixing points integrated into design of steelwork. Max size of ETFE pillow - 13x9m (at highest points of roof) - largest able to produce.
N PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
ROOF PLAN 1:500
2
1
Roof steels Showing end steel with 1500mm cantilever secondary structure T-sections for affixing ETFE cushions
Case Study 1: Victoria Train Station_BDP
Detail 1
Detail 2
1 ETFE Cushion
1 ETFE Cushion
2 Primary roof steel
2 Primary roof steel
1
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
3 Secondary roof steel
1
4 Alumnium gutter
2
4 Alumnium gutter
3
5 Glazing 6 Aluminium louvres
6
2
7 Flashing
5
5 Glazing
7 Flashing
6
3
5
6 Aluminium louvres
3
7
5
7 4 1:25
1:25
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
The semi-external space ventilates via egress of air through aluminium louvres at the top of the roof (where the new construction adjoins the existing historic station building). Subsequent to requirements from English Heritage, the design is detailed to allow a readable aesthetic distinction here between the historic and the new buildings. Detailed in this way, the roof maintains an independence from its immediate context.
3 Secondary roof steel
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
3
Case Study 1: Victoria Train Station_BDP
Detail 3 Concrete buttress construction
A degree of on-site fabrication is required owing to the scale of the steel roof beams. Welding before being put into place by crane. Roof steels are over-cambered to compensate for calculated drop of 150mm proceeding manufacture - owing to self weight and heat. Off-site (in watsons steel mill) - sub arc welding
Accuracy in steel construction The direct fixing of the ETFE to the steel roof structure at Manchester Victoria denoted a need for an extremely high level of accuracy in the manufacture of the steel members as the tolerance between these elements is minimal.
Sub-arc welding Processes such as these have been integral to advancements in steel construction. This is cited as the key reason to lowered tolerance levels in recent designs - for instance, during the construction of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank building in Hong Kong, designed by Foster + Partners in the 1980s, tolerance levels were at +/-40mm, compared to much higher levels of accuracy on Foster’s 30 St Mary Axe (2004) in the City of London, and that of the Manchester Victoria Station new roof.
Furthermore, the construction process at Manchester VIctoria which employed cranes to lift into place structural roof steels has had strong implications. Although lifting machines have been around for centuries, it is the modern power-driven mechanical crane that has really advanced the industry. The whole construction process has been made more efficient and has changed the way that we plan and execute construction. It has removed the need for much temporary work and made the ‘sky-hooks’ dream an everyday reality
2 Primary roof steel
3
3 Secondary roof steel
4
5
4 Alumnium gutter 5 Bolted steel-concrete connections 6 Aluminium louvres
6
7 Louvred access door 8 In-situ cast concrete buttress
Outermost concrete buttresses 5675x2000x5150mm Inner 13 concrete buttresses 5675x1500x5150mm
The manufacture process at Severfield-Watson employs a CAD-assisted welding technique whereby exact weld points are mapped onto a 3d-model before being transferred to the physical members via laser. This enables the process to be done to an accuracy of <5mm 3D model for CAD welding
1 ETFE Cushion
1
2
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Steel Construction
‘The obvious benefit of CAD is that we’re able to build structures with a more complex geometry than before,’ says Iain Hill, design director of fabricator Watson Steel. ‘Architects are more prepared to go for more advanced designs now, and increasingly more complex structures are being attempted.’ Hill adds that it might have been possible to attempt these complex geometrical designs before, but the birth of CAD has given designers the confidence to be able to see them through.
Continuous pour using steel framework/shuttering to maintain consistency in concrete casts - negate discrepancies that may occur when using multiple casts, thereby lessening risk of structural weakness.
9 Foundation slab 10 Flashing
7 8
Bolted connection between roof steel and concrete buttresses. Concealed within buttress is a louvred accessed door to allow for reinflation of ETFE cushions
10 9
Aluminium guttering at base of roof steels/top of buttress for drainage - rainwater coming off of roof structure falls into gutter and drains out through rainwater pipe concealed in buttress beneath.
1:50
Case Study 2: Dublin T2 Airport Building The new terminal, T2, has been built for Dublin Airport Authority with Arup as prime consultant and design engineers, Mace as construction manager and Pascall+Watson as architect. Costing €395million (euro), T2 will be capable of handling 15 million passengers per year, long and short-haul. The 75,000 sqm terminal, which uses approximately two thirds less energy compared to other equivalent terminal buildings, has already received a Structural Steel Design Award earlier this year. “When we received our commission for the masterplan of Dublin Airport and then the terminal we knew this development was one of national importance. Our solution was going to have to capture the aspirations and spirit of the country as well as celebrate the synergy between form and function, delivering a world-class passenger experience,” says Alan Lamond, International Aviation Director for Pascall+Watson. The new building is a curved steel structure set on a tightly constrained site within the live airport environment, with the main access route to the existing terminal running directly through the project site. Within the 31-month programme, the project team delivered the 100,000 square metre terminal building, 83,000 square metres of aircraft pavement, 17,000 square metres of landside forecourt and 3.5km of road. At construction peak, the project spend was €34m per month.
LOCATION CLIENT Dublin, Ireland UK Dublin Airport Authority MATERIALS ARCHITECT Steel primary structure, glass and aluminium Pascall + Watson composite panel facade, 65mm concrete screed on polythene roof STEEL ENGINEER DESIGN ENGINEER Severfield-Watson ARUP GIFA MAIN CONTRACTOR 75,000m2 terminal building and 2,400m² pier Watson Steel Structures Limited CONSTRUCTION MANAGER PROJECT VALUE Mace €395million COMPLETION SUB-CONTRACTORS March 2014 Fabric Architecture (ceiling system), Fit-Out Contractor: PJ ENVIRONMENTAL RATING Hegarty and Sons, Cladding 17% reduction in CO2 emissions Contractor: Martifier when compared to statutory compliant design for this typology INSTALLATION PROGRAMME Tender date: January 2007 (envelope), October 2007 (pier) Start on site date: October 2007 Contract duration: 3 years and 11 months
AWARDS - shortlisted for the LEAF Awards 2011 - Corus Structural Steel Design Award 2010 - Won Structural Steel Design Award earlier this year (2014) - CMG Building Design Awards Public Building of the Year 2010
Case Study 2: Dublin T2 Airport Building
Case Study 2: Dublin T2 Airport Building
Main entrance
A
A
Steel design strategy The curvaceous, fluid forms of the building have been achieved via the clever use of standard elements and components, which entailed primarily offsite manufacture. This is in contrast to the Manchester Victoria construction which employs a high degree of bespoke manufacture.
PLAN GROUND FLOOR BUILDING
SECTION A-A SHOWING ROOF CURVATURE
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
N
Delivering the design on site required close co-ordination between steelwork contractor Watson Steel and cladding contractor Martifer. They shared the same computer model of the envelope and the steelwork package was split, with the tertiary steelwork given to Martifer to enable it to fine-tune the structural frame for the building skin.
The check-in hall was particularly difficult as its roof has a double curvature. One option was to design it as a shell or space frame. This is an economic use of materials but only works structurally when all the key components are in position. Owing to the tight constraints of the project’s budget and timescale, this option was not feasible due to a need to build gigantic temporary works which would have been expensive and time consuming,
The difficult bit was creating the finished form using only rigid flat panels with straight edges.
The design was resolved with a column and beam “stick system”, which was much easier for the contractor to erect and meant there were few constraints on the construction sequence.
The loose-fit nature of the rainscreen system meant the panels could be installed with a nominal 20mm gap, then adjusted to get the perfect fit. The variation in the gap between panels can’t be read from the ground. The degree of curvature is gentle enough that the roof doesn’t look faceted at all, yet each of the panels has a completely flat surface.
Pascall + Watson started by modelling the entire envelope in 3D to come up with a layout that minimised the number of panel shapes. The process reduced the number of panel shapes to 351, with the most variations around the torodial section forming the link bridge.
Ceiling Construction The ceiling panels needed to echo the form of the terminal shell, following its double curvature and elegant clean lines. The panels needed to be easily installed and accessed for maintenance and services. A fully modular system was selected with the flexibility to be applied both vertically and horizontally. A clever linking system allowed for self-regulation of each panel, ensuring lines are crisp and clean (as specified by the architect). Each ceiling panel was meticulously offset by 600 millimeters from the main trusses for maintenance. Installation proved to be a challenge with ceiling heights ranging from 5 meters to 23 meters. 27,000 square meters of tensile mesh fabric panels were installed throughout the terminal.
Severfield Watson Structures Ltd
Severfield-Rowen Plc Group Structure
Severfield-Watson Structures is the UK’s largest structural steel company, with a combined annual capacity of around 75,000 tonnes of fabricated steelwork per year and the most extensive product range and capability in the industry. The business has 2 separate facilities (Dalton, North Yorkshire and Lostock, Lancashire) with their own specialist areas of expertise, but function as one trading company, capable of delivering a complete service from input at the conceptual stages to project completion.
Severfield-Watson Structures is a part of the Severfield-Rowen Plc, who specialises in the design and manufacturing of structural steel, and acquired Watson Steel Structure in 2001.
Severfield Watson’s Two Factories
Dalton Facility’s projects (standardised production):
Severfield-Watson Structures’ two facilities specialises to different kind of steel constructions. The Lostock, Bolton facility is the company’s original facility and specialises in engineering and manufacturaing taylor-made custom steel pieces for large scale projects. This is achieved with in house CNC, CAD and laser measurement equipments, making sure that the custom steel pieices are as accurate as possible with minimum eror tolerance.
Asda Retail Development
Dalton
IKEA - Coventry
Tesco Store Extension & Refit
Lostock Facility’s projects (customised production):
Lostock
The Dalton, Yorkshire facility is the largest steel fabrication facility in the UK, and specialises in mass produced steel structures rather than one-off specialised pieces.
2012 Olympic Velodrome
ArcelorMittal Orbit
Manchester Victoria Station Refurbishment
Manufacturing Capabilities As seen in the last page, the Lostock facility of Severfield-Watson Structures is capable of manufacturing large scale, one-off custom pieces using CAD and laser measurement technology, the pictures shown right illustrates this.
A large scale custom-built I beam
Laser measurement equipment (on yellow tripod)
Laser measurement is wirelessly linked to a CAD programme.
The Significance of CAD in Steel Construction
‘The obvious benefit of CAD is that we’re able to build structures with a more complex geometry than before,’ says Iain Hill, design director of fabricator Watson Steel. ‘Architects are more prepared to go for more advanced designs now, and increasingly more complex structures are being attempted.’ Iain Hill, design director of Watson Steel, AJ Magazine (Dec 2012)
We asked Ronan Connelly, who is the project BDP architect on the Manchester Victoria Station Revamp team, if Watson Steel had any reservations when asked to help design and manufacture these highly customised, low tolerance, steel pieces that are so large and heavy that it will require the biggest crane in the UK to lift a single piece. The answer was no, Watson Steel jumped at the chance at the opportunity. When we visited the factory, it was revealed that they have invested millions of pounds into the latest CAD equipments so that they are very confident about their production capabilities. If we take Moore’s law of exponential growth of technology to be correct, as it has been so far, the development of CAD technology, alongside manufacturing technology will enable us to create complex buildings only depicted in the science fiction world much sooner than we think.
pictured left: NOX Architects’ futuristic designs would be constructable in the near future. pictured right: Complex steel structure of Zaha Hadid’s Aquatic Centre, manufactured by Watsons Steel.
Project Collaboration
Sustainable Strategy
On Site Construction
Severfield-Watson Structures has an in house structural engineering department that works alongside with the manufacturing facility.
As of the 12th September Sarah McCannBartlett has taken up her role as BCSA Director General designate. She will replace Derek Tordoff in December, when he retires from the Association after 35 years, 27 of those spent at the helm. Sarah McCann-Bartlett is an accomplished senior executive with 19 years experience, having spent the first half of her career in a trade organisation and the second half in construction. Until 2001 she was President and Group
Severfield-Rowen Plc has a Gold Membership Standard for the BCSA RQSC Steel Construction Sustainability Charter, and has achieved BES 6001 for BREEAM accreditation.
Construction
Sustainable actions taken by the steel group includes:
(Sub-contracted by Severfield-Watson)
For the custom projects in the Lostock facility, it is common that the Architect collaborate with both the engineering and manufacturing departments.
- Work to optimise the impact of manufacturing and construction activities on eco-efficiency of steel construction through its life cycle.
the
- Work towards increasing the efficiency of use of resources and energy in steel construction by promoting the recovery, reuse and recycling of steel.
Once the steel parts are made, a construction team, sub-contracted by Severfield-Watson works on site for the build.
- Demonstrate its social responsibility by promoting values and initiatives that show respect for people and communities associated with steel construction.
Steel Manufacture
Manager of Woolmark Americas where she was responsible for marketing strategies for the USA and Canada. Her role also focussed on R&D, specifically the commercialisation of new technologies and processes. More recently, from 2001 to 2010, she worked for the Building and Plumbing Industry Commissions of the State of Victoria, Australia. Here she gained a deep understanding of the construction industry, particularly in her final role as Deputy Chief Executive/Commissioner.
Steelwork contractor achieves BREEAM accreditation Severfield-Rowen has become the first steelwork contractor to achieve BES 6001 for BREEAM accreditation. Forming part of the Company’s overall ‘Steel Futures’ programme, which is aimed at achieving a safer, more sustainable zero carbon future, the achievement of BES6001 will allow clients, designers and architects to attain additional BREEAM points for using Severfield-Rowen products in their buildings.
“BES 6001 raises Severfield-Rowen’s capabilities and provides a significant market advantage allowing our clients and their projects to achieve BREEAM points
in order to get the highest possible rating,” said Dave Larter, Severfield-Rowen Group Director - Business Sustainability. In obtaining BES 6001, SeverfieldRowen demonstrated that its policies, document systems, processes and procedures were in place to manage the environmental and social aspects relating to the sourcing of materials. The company also showed that it is actively managing its supply chain to reduce its environmental
impact. In addition, the company demonstrated that it has objectives and metrics for environmental issues including greenhouse gas emissions, water management and social issues including employment, skills, engagement and support of local communities. “Severfield-Rowen is constantly engaged with its stakeholders to promote a more sustainable future,” said Mr Larter.
through the south end of the concourse and at mezzanine level on the northern end. Designed by John McAslan + Partners and engineered by Arup, the 7,500m2
from a central funnel. All of the internal steelwork for the concourse, including the mezzanine level has been erected by Bourne Steel. The company has also completed a new train
source: www.steelconstruction.org King’s Cross redevelopment on line
- Engage stakeholders and independent third parties in constructive dialogue to help implement sustainable development.
(Severfield-Watson)
- Build on their knowledge of sustainability and willingly share this with others, by being open and active in communications and by helping steel and construction companies and other organisations in the supply chain to implement sustainable policies.
Architect
Engineer (Severfield-Watson) One of London’s oldest and busiest train stations, King’s Cross, is undergoing a large scale make-over to boost capacity, increase connectivity between mainline and underground train services and generally
The centrepiece of the £500M redevelopment is a new steel vaulted, semi-circular concourse structure to the west of the existing station. The steel framed structure rises some
[Reference] Biospheric Project http://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/worlds-tallest-wood-tower-proposed-for-austria.html http://inhabitat.com/lifecycle-tower-in-austria-will-be-worlds-tallest-wooden-building/new-25-8/?extend=1 http://www.modcell.com/completed-projects/balehaus/living-sustainably/ http://www.aircrete.co.uk/ http://www.clt.info/es/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2013/10/06-Further-applications.pdf http://www.cement.org/think-harder-concrete-/homes/building-systems/autoclaved-aerated-concrete http://greenecowalls.com/products/the-chefs-wall-garden/ http://shownd.com/ryanloy/28636/Chicago-Living-Wall-House
MMC Steel
APPENDIX
http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/dbanach/h-carnegie-steel.htm http://www.hz.cz/en/history-of-steelmaking http://metals.about.com/od/properties/a/A-Short-History-Of-Steel-Part-Ii.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIsarna_steelmaking_process http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/ideal-portfolio-ccs-projects-and-rationale-supporting-projects-report/online/90676 http://ietd.iipnetwork.org/content/rolling-mills http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_finishing http://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/contract_manufacturing_fabrication/coating_services_finishing_services/resurfacing_services_recoating_refinishing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_finishing http://www.cieng.org/events/lectures%202011%20-%202012%20session/2012-01-10%20hisarna/2012%2001%2010%20 for%20publication%20v3.pdf http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/global-technology-roadmap-ccs-industry-steel-sectoral-report/online/37221 http://www.citycollegiate.com/IX_steeltypes.htm http://www.brownmac.com/blog/what-is-stainless-steel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_grades http://www.astm.org/Standards/steel-standards.html
http://www.brownmac.com/blog/what-is-stainless-steel http://www.assakkaf.com/Courses/ENCE355/Lectures/Part2/Chapter1.pdf http://www.steelconstruction.info/Sustainability http://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/responsibility/ http://www.steel.org/Sustainability/Steel%20Recycling.aspx http://www.steelconstruction.info/The_case_for_steel http://www.tatasteelconstruction.com/en/reference/teaching_resources/architectural_studio_reference/cladding/metal_cladding/ durability/ http://www.worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/sustainable-steel/environmental.html http://www.steelconstruction.info/Recycling_and_reuse http://www.sefindia.org/?q=system/files/SECTION_15_DURABILITY.doc http://livingsteel.org/tutorial/construction-tutorial http://dornob.com/salvaged-sections-of-highway-converted-into-a-house/#axzz3219XObKl http://www.ssab.com/Investor--Media/About-SSAB/Steel-making-process/The-metallurgical-process/Scrap-based-steel/
Steel Construction http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/cad-the-greatest-advance-in-construction-history/1996442.article Manchester Victoria Station http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2013/04/09/morgan-sindall-starts-44m-manchester-station-revamp/ [Some information sourced during visit to Lostock facility in Bolton/correspondence with project architect from BDP] Dublin T2 Airport http://www.e-architect.co.uk/dublin/dublin-t2-airport http://www.macegroup.com/projects/dublin-airport-terminal-2 http://www.knopp-chemie.de/main/index.php?webcode=dublin_airport&language=english http://www.ifaipublications.com/iaa/articles/2011_2904_dublin_airport.html http://www.building.co.uk/three-of-a-kind-dublin-airports-terminal-2/5010880.article
00 BIOSPHERIC
& IDEOLOGY
[01] [02] [03] [04] [05]
SITE ANALYSIS & ENVIRONMENT LAYOUT & REGULATIONS PASSIVE HOUSE & TECHNOLOGY MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS & CRITERIA
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
01 SITE ANALYSIS
& ENVIRONMENT Site analysis is an important part of a design process. Through careful research and analysis, design proposals can form positive relationships with the surrounding context. Through studies of the physical locality and weather conditions that might impact the site, as well as cultural studies and demographics which might influence the success of the proposed design.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONEMENT
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT
Strangeways Prison
SURROUNDINGS
SITE PLAN 1:1000
Biospheric Foundation 2 Mins
5 Mins
10 Mins
15 Mins
M.E.N Arena
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT
WEATHER
SOLAR STUDIES
Solar analysis of the site - The site faces north giving the rear of the site plenty of directional sunlight regardless of the time of year (Shown in the diagrams)
7:00 AM
12:00 PM
16:30 PM
12:00 PM
18:00 PM
AUGUST
7:00 AM
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT
2.
WEATHER
WEATHER
FLOOD STUDIES
1.
4.
75
Precipitation (mm)
3.
50
25
Precipitation (mm)
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
0 January
Key 1. River 2. Flooding Area 3. Extreme Flood Area 4. Site
Weather date from the site has been entered into a graph to show the average amount of rainfall (precipitation) over the course of a year and the average number of days with rainfall.
Average Rainfall days
Flood risk is a crucial to the site because of its location next to the river Irwell. Due to estimated 1% increase in climate change, the affected areas have been included in the diagram, The site is at risk of only major flooding risk but this is up to 1m in depth across the entire site
RAINFALL STUDIES
February
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONEMENT
Average Rainfall days
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONEMENT
SURROUNDINGS
The site sits due north of Manchester, South of the river Irwell. The site is surrounded from the south and west by housing but to the east a new site is to go under development to create a new large super market. The rings on the previous sheet show walking distance in minutes.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & ENVIRONMENT
CIRCULATION
DEMOGRAPHIC IN THE LATEST INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION (IMD) THIS AREA WAS RANKED 2,010 OUT OF 32,482 IN ENGLAND, WHERE 1 WAS THE MOST DEPRIVED AND 32,482 THE LEAST.
OVERALL DEPRIVATION 6%
INCOME DEPRIVATION 16%
1. SITE PERIMETER
2. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
3. VEHICLE ACCESS
EMPLOYMENT DEPRIVATION 11% HEALTH DEPRIVATION 1% EDUCATION DEPRIVATION 12% BARRIERS TO SERVICES 39% LIVING ENVIRONMENT 26%
4. BICYCLE ACCESS
5. PEDESTRIAN ACCESS
6. CAR PARKING BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
CRIME 0% BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
BIOSPHERIC PROJECT OVERALL MASTERPLAN BY BDP, URBAN SPLASH AND MSA
In collaboration with local BDP and Urban Splash, thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a plan to build a design scheme that incorporate Irwell House and the surrounding site which will happen in a few stages. The early stage will include a small scale residential scheme for the staffs of Biospheric Foundation. It will then be followed by Irwell house and the site opposite the building (forest garden). Forest garden Owned by Urban Splash this site is currently used for forest gardening but part of the future plan is to build residential block on the site. Irwell House The building is owned by urban splash. It is currently used as a research laboratory for biospheric foundation. The red-marked area of Irwell House will be demolished to make way for the new small scale residential block during early stage of the scheme. The building itself will be given a transformation to accommodate its current function as well as for additional commercial and residential purposes. BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
GREENGATE EXCHANGE OVERALL MASTERPLAN BY FEILDEN CLEGG BRADLEY STUDIOS
SCHEME A. Irwell Waterfront B. Podiums C. House 4 Life Site D. Car Parking E. Collier Street F. Greengate Public Realm G. Abito H. Spectrum
The Exchange Greengate Development Framework was prepared by FCB Studios under a joint commission by Salford City Council, ASK Developments and Network Rail which began in 2004. The vision for the site sought to fundamentally reconnect the historic cores of Salford and Manchester with improved physical links, a network of high quality public realm extending from Manchesterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cathedral Quarter and the creation of a new urban fabric of high quality and high density mixed use development. An accompanying Planning Guidance document was subsequently developed and approved by Salford City Council in 2007 to give further guidance to landowners and developers in the area. The original masterplan was conceived and designed in a very buoyant economic climate and the anticipated massing, height and potential uses proposed for the site reflect the ambitions of that era. Reviewing the masterplan from a more challenged economic climate has allowed for these ambitions to be Reconsidered to create a framework that can assist in enabling a more robust, deliverable and sustainable quarter that will enhance both of the cities. BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
SPRINGFIELD LANE OVERALL MASTERPLAN BY IAN SIMPSON ARCHITECTS
The scale and massing of the proposed Springfield lane development sensitively responds to the context and reinforces the historical hierarchy of streets and spaces. The design for Springfield Lane was developed from a contextual response to the surrounding topography of site which sets the main part of the development below eye level when viewed from Trinity Way. In terms of scale, this not only creates a visually less obtrusive solution when viewed from Trinity Way and the Exchange Greengate regeneration site, the response also coincides with the adjacent residential district west of Springfield Lane. Whilst this district primarily consists of two to three storey dwellings the exception to this is more recently constructed five storey Springfield Court apartment building which fronts Dean Road. This acts as a counterpoint to the ascending roof line of the proposed development which culminates with a roof lantern over the retail store. Lining through with Springfield Court, the roof lantern sets the upper limit for the scale of the development and acts as a marker. BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
ANALYSIS 01 SITE & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
BODDINGTON’S BREWERY OVERALL MASTERPLAN BY HOK ARCHITECTS
The former Boddingtons site is located on the southern edge of the Strangeways Employment Area immediately north of MEN Arena. It is 3 hectares (7.23 acres) in size and is in a highly prominent location along New Bridge Street and Great Ducie Street providing a gateway into North Manchester. Industrial structures apart from the chimney were demolished and cleared. A temporary planning application has been approved for a commuter car park to enable the site to fulfill a useful function whilst development proposals are being developed. The £250m redevelopment of the former Boddingtons Brewery site to the north of Manchester’s city centre is a joint venture between Ask Developments and Realty Estates. Manchester City Council’s executive committee have agreed the development framework for the 7.4-acre site, which is set to include offices, leisure and retail facilities with a hotel, cafes, bars and restaurants and residential units, with underground car parking. The development was expected to take 10 years to complete.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT
& REGULATION A study on what makes an apartment a comfortable and livable space for people.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT FIRE SAFETY MEANS OF ESCAPE
BUILDING REGULATION PART B (EXTRACT)
Dwellinghouses with one floor more than 4.5m above ground level 2.6 The dwellinghouse may either have a protected stairway as described in (a) below, or the top floor can be separated and given its own alternative escape route as described in (b). a. The upper storeys (those above ground storey) should be served by a protected stairway (protected at all levels) which should either: i. extend to a final exit, see Diagram 2(a); or ii. give access to at least two escape routes at ground level, each delivering to final exits and separated from each other by fire-resisting construction and fire doors, see Diagram 2(b); or b. The top storey should be separated from the lower storeys by fire-resisting construction and be provided with an alternative escape route leading to its own final exit. See Diagram 3.
EMERGENCY EGRESS WINDOWS AND EXTERNAL DOORS
2.8 Any window provided for emergency egress purposes and any external door provided for escape should comply with the following conditions: a. the window should have an unobstructed openable area that is at least 0.33m2 and at least 450mm high and 450mm wide (the route through the window may be at an angle rather than straight through). The bottom of the openable area should be not more than 1100mm above the floor; and b. the window or door should enable the person escaping to reach a place free from danger from fire. This is a matter for judgement in each case, but, in general, a courtyard or back garden from which there is no exit other than through other buildings would have to be at least as deep as the dwellinghouse is high to be acceptable, see Diagram 4.
Dwellinghouses with more than one floor over 4.5m above ground level 2.7 Where a dwellinghouse has two or more storeys with floors more than 4.5m above ground level (typically a dwellinghouse of four or more storeys) then, in addition to meeting the provisions in paragraph 2.6: a. an alternative escape route should be provided from each storey or level situated 7.5m or more above ground level. Where the access to the alternative escape route is via: i. the protected stairway to an upper storey; or ii. a landing within the protected stairway enclosure to an alternative escape route on the same storey; then iii. the protected stairway at or about 7.5m above ground level should be separated from the lower storeys or levels by fire- resisting construction, see Diagram 3; or b. the dwellinghouse should be fitted throughout with a sprinkler system BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
OVERALL INTERNAL FLOOR AREAS MINIMUM GROSS INTERNAL FLOOR AREAS IN SQUARE METERS
STORAGE REFERENCE MINIMUM FLOOR AREA IN FURNITURE FOR USE IN DEMONSTRATING SQUARE METERS COMPLIANCE WITH SPACE STANDARD
SPACE STANDARDS FOR HOMES
The government has confirmed plans to introduce a national minimum space standard as part of its attack on regulatory red tape for house builders. Published on 20 August 2013, the long-awaited consultation on the future of residential design includes the streamlining of technical requirements into a single housing standard. The consultation includes three ‘distinct levels’ of space standards - effectively a gold, silver and bronze system setting minimum requirements for the gross internal floor area of new houses. The principles behind each Level of the Space Standard can be summarised as follows: • Level 1 Space Standard provides enough space to accommodate the minimum amount of furniture, fittings, activity and circulation space considered necessary to carry out a typical range of daily activities and meet the basic requirements of Level 1 of the Accessibility Standard. • Level 2 Space Standard provides enough space to accommodate the same furniture and fittings as Level 1 and increase activity and circulation space (both within and between rooms) to cover the additional spatial implications of Level 2 of the Accessibility Standard and a straight stair. • Level 3 Space Standard provides enough space to accommodate the same furniture and fittings as Levels 1 and 2 and additional space to charge and store a wheelchair, install a home-lift, enlarge the kitchen and bathroom and provide the extra activity and circulation space (both within and between rooms) needed to meet Level 3 of the Accessibility Standard.
BEDROOMS MINIMUM FLOOR AREA IN SQUARE METERS
MINIMUM WIDTH IN METERS
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT TYPOLOGIES CLASSIFICATION OF APARTMENT
This section contains examples of the main types of apartment, what are considered to be high quality residential apartment floor plans, and an example of a desirable mix of apartment types. (Source: The Good Solutions Guide for Apartments)
Number of bedrooms
Studio
One-bedroom
Twin-bedroom
Three-bedroom
Influenced by location, demographics, mix required
Aspect
Single aspect
Corner aspect
Single-storey
Two-storey
Dual aspect
Single Aspect Apartments Horizontal access and the single aspect apartment work well together, whether the corridor is single-loaded or double-loaded.
Single aspect apartment and horizontal access
Single aspect apartment and single loaded corridor
Single aspect apartment and double loaded corridor
Influenced by site opportunities and constraints, views, orientation, sunlight access, building access system
Number of storeys
Mezzanine or double height spaces
Influenced by location, demographics, desired size of apartments
Corner Aspect Apartments
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT TYPOLOGIES CLASSIFICATION OF APARTMENT
Single-storey apartments: no view from habitable room and narrow access balcony
Single-storey apartments: physical gap & generous access balcony 1. Dual aspect apartment and horizontal access
Dual Aspect Apartments with Horizontal Access Issues
2. Extra care is needed to provide an adequate level of amenity - natural light, natural ventilation, privacy - to a habitable room facing onto access balcony Single-storey apartments: difference in level & generous access balcony
Examples for improving the amenity value of both the access balcony and the habitable room/bedroom Horizontal access paired with dual aspect apartments is less satisfactory due to a habitable room, usually a bedroom, looking out onto the access balcony. Extra care and effort is necessary at the design stage to ensure an adequate level of amenity for both the habitable room and the circulation running past. With double loaded corridors, the combination is impossible as the habitable room facing onto the corridor becomes internal. Disconnection of the corridor from the dual aspect apartments to provide a clear void between them is not a desirable solution and should be avoided; adequate daylight access and a reasonable outlook cannot be achieved in the habitable room.
Single-storey apartments: generous access balcony, no conflict between habitable rooms and access balcony 3. Dual aspect apartments are not compatible with double loaded corridors, or any variation thereof
4. There should be enough separation/open space between two opposing blocks of dual aspect apartments to allow direct sunlight to enter habitable rooms on the ground floor BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
APARTMENT LAYOUT
APARTMENT LAYOUT
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
1.0
EXAMPLES
Well-organised apartments with functional layouts and all habitable rooms on external walls allowing for daylight access, natural ventilation and aspect/view must be the goal for every apartment design.
living areas bedrooms
studio, single aspect
service areas
2.1
2.2
2.3
one-bed, single aspect
Single aspect
Corner aspect
Dual aspect
Mix of single, corner and/or dual aspects
one-bed, single aspect one-bed, single aspect, two-storey with mezzanine
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT APARTMENT LAYOUT EXAMPLES
4.1
4.2
3.1
one-bed, dual aspect
3.2
two-bed, single aspect
5.1
3.3
one-bed, dual aspect
one-bed, dual aspect
5.2
two-bed, corner aspect
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
two-bed, single aspect with ensuite
two-bed, corner aspect with ensuite
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT APARTMENT LAYOUT
6.4
7.1
EXAMPLES
6.1
6.3
three-bed, corner aspect
two-bed, dual aspect
two-bed, dual aspect, two-storey
7.2
6.5 6.2
two-bed, dual aspect
two-bed and three-bed, dual aspect, two-storey crossover
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
two-bed, dual aspect with ensuite and study
three-bed, penthouse type
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
APARTMENT LAYOUT
ENTRANCES
MIX
When a variety of apartment types and sizes are provided within a development, not only does it provide greater choice to potential purchasers, it can also adapt more easily to the changing social needs of the occupants. In this example: 1. Retail unit, with tall ceilings. Access from the street. 2. Single aspect apartment with tall ceilings and large private outdoor space. Access via communal courtyard. 3. Dual aspect apartment accessed from corridor above. 4. Single aspect apartments, with recessed balconies providing protection against the busy street. 5. Single aspect apartment, facing quiet communal courtyard. 6. Dual aspect two-storey crossover apartment. 7. Dual aspect â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;penthouseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; apartment with setback and extra deep balcony to the street.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
Building main entrances should be visible and easily identifiable from the street and directly accessible from street level. + Building entrances should provide pedestrian shelter. + Apartments at street level should have a street address and the number that have a front door directly accessible from the street should be maximized. + Mailboxes should be easily accessible for mail delivery from the exterior of the building, and secure and conveniently accessible to residents from within the foyer, without obstructing access to lifts, stairs, or impeding general circulation.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
A vertical access arrangement can consist of a single vertical circulation core or multiple verticle circulation cores. a. Slab block with multiple circulation cores, below. b. Point block with a single circulation core, right.
VERTICAL ACCESS
+When practicable, verticle circulations cores should be expressed on at least one exterior face of the building. This provides natural light within and outlook from the foyers and reduces energy consumption. Foyers so located also provide casual surveillance of the street and assist in varying the facade and reducing the scale of a long building. + Stairs should be easily accessible and inviting, to encourage residents to use stairs in preference to lifts. This promotes healthy exercise and assists sustainability. + A mix of single, corner and dual aspect apartments may be accommodated on a single floor, allowing a diversity of plans and avoiding long corridors.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
1a. Elevation: Vertical Access
1b. Elevation: Vertical Access
2a. Plan: single aspect apartments
2b. Plan: corner aspect apartments
3a. Plan: a mix of single aspect and dual aspect apartments can be used on each floor
3b. Plan: a mix of single aspect, dual aspect and corner aspect apartments can be used on each floor BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT HORIZONTAL ACCESS
2b. Plan: double-loaded corridor
+ Where horizontal access is unavoidable, it should preferably be based upon a single loaded corridor or a skip-stop corridor. Double loaded internal corridors make cross ventilation of apartments difficult and the corridors themselves require artificial lighting and ventilation. + If a double loaded corridor cannot be avoided, the corridor should be oriented north-south so that there are no solely south facing apartments. + Access corridor should be short, wide and have windows at each end to provide natural light and ventilation. + Exterior horizontal access should be designed to provide visual and acoustic privacy for apartment rooms adjacent to the access space. This can be achieved with extra wide access balconies or by pulling the balcony away for the exterior face of the apartment and providing â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;bridgesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; to the entry doors.
2a. Plan: single-loaded corridor
1. Elevation: horizontal access
Horizontal access can be divided into single-loaded corridors (2a, 3a, usually external) and doubleloaded corridors (2b, 3b). A further variation is the skip-stop arrangement (4a, 4b, 5b).
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
3a. Section: single-loaded corridor
3b. Section: double-loaded corridor
The skip-stop arrangement (4a, 4b) allows for a variety of apartment types - singlestorey and two-storey, single aspect and dual aspect - within a repetitive structural system. 4a. Section: single-loaded corridor
4b. Section: double-loaded corridor
Further variation with skip-stop arrangement
5b. Section: skip-stop arrangement BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
COMMUNAL
BALCONIES
+ External space within residential apartment developments should provide a combination of high quality courtyards for ground level apartments and communal passive recreational space for residents. + Where communal space is located on top of basement car parking, provision should be made for trees to grow to their mature height and remain healthy. + High retaining walls should be avoided where possible. Any walls higher than 1m should be stepped at an appropriate and visually attractive height and incorporate planting.
+ All apartments above ground level should be provided with a private balcony directly accessible from the principal living area. + For one and two bedroom apartments, the balcony should have a minimum area of 6m2, with a minimum horizontal dimension of 2m. + For apartments with three or more bedrooms, the balcony should have a minimum area of 9m2, with a minimum horizontal dimension of 2.4m. + Balconies that are private, sheltered and can be used all year round are encouraged. + Balconies that are fully recessed within the overall building form are to be preferred over those that project fully beyond the face of the building. These provide better weather protection and façade articulation. + A hose tap should be provided on each apartmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s principal balcony.
OUTDOOR SPACE
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT
ACOUSTIC
NATURAL
Apartments should be arranged to minimize noise transmission between apartments by: +Placing living rooms adjacent to living rooms, bedrooms adjacent to bedrooms, and service rooms adjacent to service rooms, both horizontally and vertically. + Utilizing storage or circulation zones to contain noise within the apartment and to buffer noise from adjoining mechanical services or corridors and lobby areas. +Minimizing the number of inter-tenancy (shared) walls between apartments.
+All accommodation should be provided with natural cross ventilation by having window openings facing different directions. Dual aspect and corner apartments are best able to provide such window openings, but shallow depth single aspect apartment can be naturally ventilated in a satisfactory manner. +Notwithstanding any requirements to achieve internal acoustic privacy, ventilation provided solely by mechanical means is discouraged. +Apartments are often uninhabited during the daytime, ventilation elements should be secure and rainproof when left open.
PRIVACY
VENTILATION
‘quiet’ bedrooms located back to back
Cross ventilation of rooms set deep in the plan is difficult
‘noisy’ living rooms located back to back
service areas - kitchens and bathrooms - act as ‘buffer zone’ separating living and sleeping areas from communal circulation areas and vertical service cores
Single aspect apartments must be no deeper than one habitable room for cross ventilation to occur
Note: these principles should apply vertically as well as horizontally
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
02 LAYOUT & REQUIREMENT DAYLIGHT ACCESS
+ In order to reduce reliance on artificial light and reduce energy consumption, daylight access to apartments should be maximized. + The site layout should orientate buildings to optimize the northerly aspect. + Sunlight access from the north, east and west should be able to be controlled by residents to prevent buildings becoming too hot. + The depth of single aspect apartments should be minimized. + Single aspect apartments with a southerly aspect should be avoided, and where this is not possible the percentage of southerly aspect apartments (south-west through south-east) should not exceed 10% of the total number of apartments in the building. + At least 70% of living rooms and private open spaces in any development should receive a minimum of three hours of sunlight between 9.00am and 3pm in mid-winter.
Increasing sunlight access into the depth of an apartment can be achieved by:
It may also be necessary to control the sunlight access into an apartment. This can be achieved by:
Raising the head height of openings to the ceiling
Using recessed balconies
Increasing the floor to ceiling height
Light shelves
Double height glazing
Louvres
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
03 PASSIVE HOUSE
& TECHNOLOGY
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
HOUSE 03PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY
HOUSE 03 PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY
PRINCIPLES
CONDITIONS ‘PASSIVHAUS’ = ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARD FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION
1990 -
2001 economic theory - Passivhaus lifetime construction costs - less than that of conventional construction
“A Passivhaus is a building, for which thermal comfort can be achieved solely by post-heating or post-cooling of the fresh air mass, which is required to achieve sufficient indoor air quality conditions – without the need for additional recirculation of air.”
Sample PHPP report
In order for a building to certify itself as a passivhaus it must meet a set of criteria as delineated by the Passive House Planning Package (UK)
fastest growing energy performance standard in the world with 30,000 buildings realised to date
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHOS Maintaining a regulated internal micro-climate irrespective of external conditions, whilst accomodating both passive and active solar gain
By taking into account the calculated heat losses afforded by the building fabric and considering these against proposed heat gains (solar, internal) a value for energy performance is attained. This must fall below the parameters set by the Passive House Institute
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
HOUSE 03PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY
HOUSE 03 PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY
DATA COLLECTION
DISTRIBUTION Showing the distribution of certified passivhaus schemes across europe according to statistics from the International Passivhaus Association
FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION
The distribution of passivhaus certified projects as shown by this map implies a clear comparison into which countries have favoured/ adopted the design strategy.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
HOUSE 03PASSIVE & TECHNOLOGY
INSULATION sample sections through passivhaus external envelope construction showing required high ratio of insulative matieral to structural material.
KEY ELEMENTS To achieve all the detailed technical requirements of the PHPP software, the following methods form the fundamentals of passive house design Crucial to successful Passive House design is the symbiotic relationship between building envelope and energy management
BUILDING ENVELOPE
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
INSULATION
HIGH PERFORMANCE DOORS/WINDOWS
GOOD BUILDING COMMISSIONING HIGH PERFORMANCE DOORS/WINDOWS These address the first path via which heat is lost from buildings: conduction of heat through the building fabric.
APPLICABLE FOR HOT/ COLD CLIMATE
AIRTIGHT CONSTRUCTION
DRAUGHT-FREE CONSTRUCTION This addresses the second path via which heat is lost from buildings: infiltration and exfiltration of air though gaps in the building envelope, otherwise known as draughts.
MVHR SYSTEM Addresses the third way heat is lost from buildings: via the deliberate introduction of fresh air and extraction of stale air for the purpose of ventilation.
“a continuous uninterrupted airtight building envelope”, that can be outlined using the “red pencil method” . This should be identifiable in every sectional representation of the design.
MVHR SYSTEM
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY
& CONSTRUCTION
In creating towards zero-carbon environment or minimal carbon footprints, material chosen in building construction also need to be considered on its sustainability. Durability of material will result in its long lasting usage or lifespan, which can reduce the process of re-manufacturing and producing the material. Hence, reduce the carbon emission. Recyclability and being made from recycled material also being one of the aspects that can minimize carbon footprints. The capability to store carbon also can helps the material to decompose into the environment without emitting carbon. Other properties also may be look into when choosing a sustainable material such as its efficiency in thermal conductivity, insulation and speed and cost in construction process.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
SECTION DETAILING OF AN EXAMPLE CLT CONSTRUCTION Tiles on batterns and counter battens, waterproof membrane and CLT panel.
CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT) INTRODUCTION & PROPERTIES
1. Engineered Timber Product - good structural properties - low environmental impact (where sustainably sourced timber is used) 2. Dry Construction 3. Fast (On-site) 4. Good potential of tightness 5. Robust Wall and Floor Structure 6. Low Weight vs Volume Ratio
PROPERTIES
- practical maximum thickness : 350mm - 400 mm - practical limit of height & width : 3 meters - practical limit of length : 13.5 meters - thermal conductivity : 0.13W/mK - density : 480 - 500 kg/m3 - compressive strength : 2.7 N/mm2 (perpendicular) : 24 - 30 N/mm2 (parallel) - elastic modulus : 370 N/mm2 (perpendicular) : 12,000 N/mm2 (parallel)
This CLT could be omitted with suitable structural design.
Timber fillet fixed to CLT panel. Note this detail creates a thermal bridge in this location - parapet walls or flat roof solutions can avoid this.
CLT vs. GLULAM CLT is formed in a similar fashion to Glulam. CLT differs from Glulam in that it is formed into panels rather than beams. CLT has been used successfully to build up to 9 storeys in the UK
Alternative structure could be trussed rafters
Rather than the large screw illustrated here, the base detial could also use a mild steel angle (right-angled bracket) with a grout bedding under the damp-proof course, though the angle would need covering.
As with the base detial, the diagonal screw could again be replaced with a mild steel angle screwed down into the top of the floor panel and into the base of the wall panel. (‘Balloon-framed’ parapet floor panels, suspended off a wall, can be supported either using a mild steel angle or an engineered timber ledger under the floor panel)
CASE STUDY: STADTHAUS, MURRAY GROVE, LONDON A 49 weeks erection. CLT PANELS - lowering the building’s carbon footprint - better insulated buildign and more airtight - avoid having in-house combined heat and power plant or ground source heat pump - comfortable achieved the required fire resistance
Wall panel anchored to floor panel.
Typical internal wall arrangement.
Floor panel installation.
Floor panel installation.
ADVANTAGES
- renewable material - stores carbon throughout its usable lifespan - avoids thermal bridging (parapet wall/ flat roof) - good delivery of airtight envelope - greater load distribution can reduce thickness of slab - light weight - reduce loads on foundations so less materials with high embodied energy (eg. Concrete) - suitabel for non-visible as well as exposed finished - vapour-permeable wall construction
CARBON STORAGE (timber is sustainably sourced)
As with all plant-based materials, carbon is stored during tree growth and continues to be stored through it use as a building material. At the end of its life, carbon is released either through natural decomposition, returning other nutrients to the soil, or through the generation of heat/energy by burning as fuel, providing a comparatively highly efficient end-of-life treatment. BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
STEP 1: CUTTING
STEP 2: DELIVERY
• Requires completed designs ahead of start on site, to allow for offsite manufacture
The custom designed cross laminated timber panels are cut off site by CNC.
The panels are then delivered to site.
• Requires external cladding or render to provide weatherproof envelope
STEP 3: LIFTING
STEP 4: ASSEMBLY
Panels are lifted by machines to desired areas.
The panels are assembled by less workers in in quicker time comparing to conventional construction methods.
CONSTRUCTION METHOD PROS:
CONS:
• As a renewable material, stores carbon throughout its usable lifespan • Avoids thermal bridging (in parapet walls or flat roof solutions) • Good delivery of airtight envelope • Greater load distribution can reduce thickness of transfer slabs • Light weight reduces load on foundations so less need for materials with high embodied energy (eg concrete) • Need for robust upfront design may improve overall design and efficiency • Robust finished wall will take sundry fixings • Simple and fast onsite construction process • Suitable for non-visible as well as exposed finishes • Vapour-permeable wall construction
• Requires accurately set out groundworks
• Use limited to above damp-proof course or equivalent level
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
LIGHTWEIGHT FRAME
INFILL
LOADBEARING
This method uses a timber framework that is so light-weight that it cannot stand up alone. It requires temporary bracing and/or the use of acrow props to give it stability until the straw is in place. The straw is an essential part of the structural integrity of the building, more so than the timber, and it works together with the timber to carry the load of floors and roof. Timber posts are located at corners and either side of window and door openings only, and are designed such that the timber wallplate at first floor and/or roof level can be slotted down into them once the straw is in place allowing for compression on the bales. Compression of the strawbale infill walls is essential for stability.To increase stability, the bales are pinned externally, and the pins are secured onto the base and wall plate of the framework once all the settlement of the walls is complete.
POST & BEAM/ TIMBER FRAME
PROS:
In this method, the weight of the roof is carried by a wood, steel, or concrete framework, and the bales are simply infill insulation blocks between the posts. This has often been the preferred option for architects, as the structural concepts are not innovative and rely on an already established method of building, therefore the risk associated with an experimental technique is minimised. There is no need to satisfy oneself of the capacity of the bales to take the weight of the roof, since the framework does this. This method requires a high level of carpentry skill and uses substantially more timber than a loadbearing design, which has significant cost and environmental implications.
- Framework and posts can be constructed off site. - Provides greater stability for window and door frames than in the loadbearing style. - Vastly reduces the amount of timber required compared to the more traditional post and beam method.
PROS: - Framework and posts can be constructed off site. - Provides greater stability for window frames than in the loadbearing style. - An already established building method, less risk.
CONS:
CONS:
- It requires a high level of carpentry skill (or metalwork experience in the case of a steel frame) to construct the frames.
- Greater technical ability is required to make the structure stable whilst the straw is being placed.
- It uses a large amount of timber.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
SECTION DETAILING OF STRAW BALE CONSTRUCTION
STRAW-BALE WALL INTRODUCTION & PROPERTIES
Use bales of straw as structural elements, building insulation or both: - used in natural building or ‘brown’ construction projects - sustainable material & energy needed for heating and cooling 1. Renewable Nature of Straw 2. Naturally fire-retardant 3. High insulation value 4. Easy availability 5. Low cost
Typically consists of stacking rows of bales (often in running-bond) on a raised footing or foundation, with a moisture barrier or capillary break between the bales and their supporting platform.
CASE STUDY: WEYDON SECONDARY SCHOOL, SURREY
1. Bales are ‘shived’ or trimmed to a 2. Engineered pre-drilled timber arrives 3. Panel frames are assembled in a standardised size. ‘flat packed’ minimising the embodied flying factory. Often this is on the same carbon resulting from transportation. farm as the source of the straw used in the panels.
junction of exterior wall with roof (sections)
4. Panel frames are assembled in a flying factory. Often this is on the same farm as the source of the straw used in the panels.
junction glazed panel (head and base) 5. Panels are transported on a low loader and delivered to site prerendered with a skim coat and a 2 hour + fire rating.
6. Panels are manuevered using a 7. Panels are filled with locally grown 8. A base coat of lime render is applied crane and lifting straps. A fork lift straw. This is compressed to avoid any directly to the straw using a render gun. loading device can also be used on a settlement. A further skim coat is applied by hand. flat slab with enough space.
PROPERTIES
- practical maximum thickness : 420 mm - 500 mm - thermal conductivity : 0.11 - 0.20 W/m2K - sequestered carbon : 1200 - 1400 kg of atmospheric CO2 - fire retardance : 0.5 - 2 hours - acoustics : 50 - 52 db
9. Panels are located onto a sole plate. 10. Panels are joined together to 11. Other elements of construction are 12. Panels can be installed with other This also assists when creating an air- create an air-tight detail and maximise quick to install and provide simple, air- elements pre-fitted. tight seal between the base of the panel the integrity of the overall structure. tight detailing. installation and concrete slab.
- 3 weeks to complete wall erection - equal split between external load bearing (straw-bale), internal load bearing walls (solid timber), street ends & roof (timber studwork)
CARBON STORAGE
Straw and timber are renewable resources that can provide a continuous renewable supply of building material, replacing high embodied energy (CO2 generating) materials such as steel and concrete As straw and timber grow they absorb CO2 through photosynthesis, keeping the carbon atom to make cellulose and give oxygen atoms back to the atmosphere. This is how the carbon can be ‘banked’ into the structure and fabric of the building.
junction of exterior wall wuth floor (section)
junction of wall panels to base slab (section)
ADVANTAGES
- excellent thermal properties - reduce emissions generated through the heating and cooling of buildings - low environmental impacts - can provide optimum combination of super insulation and thermal mass BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
SECTION DETAILING OF AIRCRETE CONSTRUCTION
CASE STUDY: BOURNE END HOUSE SELF BUILD, BUCKS
AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE (AIRCRETE) INTRODUCTION & PROPERTIES
Manufactured in UK using 80% recycled materials (made from a mixture of pulverised fuel ash (PFA), sand, cement, aluminium, and water 1. Durable 2. Variety of size & thickness 3. Superior thermal performance 4. Rapid build time 5. Choices of finishes
Has been used to build houses to each level of the code for sustainable homes. Now normally accepted for social housing and ultimate goal for zero carbon.
EXTERNAL WALLS
Celcon Blocks 215mm thick (7N/mm ) joined with traditional mortar and a two cost gypsum plaster finish. The walls were finished externally with 100mm external walll insulation above DPC and 80mm below. 2
PROPERTIES
- lightweight and faster build speed - effective moisture barrier with significant thermal insulation properties - high frost and moisture resistance BELOW GROUND - strength - water resistance - thermal performance
INTERNAL WALLS
FLOORS
Screed floors throguhout with underfloor heating and 18mm engineered wood finish in living area. Tiling was used in bathrooms, en-suites , kitchen and utility room.
WINDOWS
Internorm triple-glazed composite Ground and first floor non load bearing windows in aluminium and timber walls constructed with Celcon Blocks were used. Front and side doors were plaster finish. aluminium and the patio were PVCU.
: 2.9N/mm2 OR 3.6N/mm2 : micro-cellular structure : tiny air bubbles : 40% saving in U-values
CONCRETE BEAM AND BLOCK FLOORING - noise insulation : 40 db EXTERNAL WALLS - thickness - strength
: 150 mm : 2.9N/mm2 - 8.7N/mm2
SOLID WALL CONSTRUCTION - strength
: 2.9N/mm2 - 7.3N/mm2
- simplifies the construction process - block-work is highly adaptable, easily allowing for any last minute deisgn changes - has excellent fire resistance BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
Aircrete can be used to construct walls or foundations. The blocks are manufactured offsite and are then delivered to site, in order to be assembled manually. Its construction methods are similar to traditional brick work.
Insulating Concrete Form or Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) is a system of formwork for reinforced concrete that stays in place as a permanent interior and exterior substrate for walls, floors, and roofs. The forms are interlocking modular units that are dry-stacked (without mortar) and filled with concrete. The forms lock together somewhat like Lego bricks and serve to create a form for the structural walls or floors of a building. ICF construction has become commonplace for both low rise commercial and high performance residential construction as more stringent energy efficiency and natural disaster resistant building codes are adopted.
CONSTRUCTION METHOD
CONSTRUCTION METHOD
PROS: - Workability allows accurate cutting, which minimizes the generation of solid waste during use. - Resource efficiency gives it lower environmental impact in all phases of its life cycle, from processing of raw materials to the disposal of waste.
PROS:
- Light weight saves cost & energy in transportation. - Light weight saves labor expenses. - Larger size leads to faster masonry work. External Wall Detail
Foundation Detail
- Less demanding than traditional concrete building methods - Less labour skills required due to modularity - No additional structural support other than temporary scaffolding is required for openings, doors, windows, or utilities - Quicker than traditional concrete pouring methods
CONS: BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
- Requires more space than traditional concrete construction
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
SECTION DETAILING OF HEMCRETE CONSTRUCTION
CASE STUDY: ECO VILLAGE CLOUGH JORDAN, IRELAND
HEMCRETE/ HEMPCRETE INTRODUCTION & PROPERTIES
Mixture of Hemp Hurds (Shives) and lime (used as material for construction and insulation) 1. High Thermal Resistance 2. Adjustable Thickness 3. Low Air Infiltration 4. Durable & Recyclable 5. Accommodates different structural system
PROPERTIES
- nominal dried density - thermal conductivity - vapour diffusion resistance - heat capacity - air permeability - vapour permeability
: 275kg/m3 : 0.05W/mK - 0.07W/mK : 4.84 : 1500 - 1700 J/kg : 0.75 gm/m2/mm hg : 24.2 gm/m2/mm hg
CARBON STORAGE
Hemcrete absorbs CO2 in its creation. A 300mm wall locks up around 40kg CO2 for every m2 of wall, whereas a typical brick and block cavity wall will create in its manufacture around 100 kg of CO2 per m2 of wall. Using Hemcrete can reduce the embodied CO2 emitted in the construction of the house by as much 40%.
ADVANTAGES
- very low energy costs om use - simple to achieve high level of airtightness - recyclable and locally produced (UK) - high performance fire resistance
Easier to work with than traditional lime mixes. Acts as an insulator and moisture regulator.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
2 storeys gabled house with lower level out-shot. Construction consisted of prefab timber frame encased with 300mm of Hemcrete. Ground floor walls, intermediate floor (prefab floor panels) and upper walls were erected by experienced team within 2 days.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
PRE-FABRICATION SYSTEM
CASE STUDY - MODCELL
Let’s have a look at the common advantages of pre-fabricated construction, comparing to a traditional sitebuild method:
‘The ModCell® system utilises the excellent thermal insulation qualities of straw bale and hemp construction to form prefabricated panels. ModCell® allows superinsulated, high-performance, low energy ‘passive’ buildings to be built using renewable, locally sourced, carbon sequestering, sustainable building materials.’
ADVANTAGES
LOWER COST
FASTER
GREENER
The cost of pre-fab can be significantly lower than traditional site-build, as the parts are standardised and made off site in a controlled environment.
The construction speed of pre-fab buildings can be a lot quicker than sitebuild, again due to the fact that the parts are standardised.
Due to the pre-fab parts being made off site in a controlled environment, a lot of construction waste is reduced comparing to the conventional sitebuild building.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
04 MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION
DISADVANTAGES Let’s take a look at the cons of using a pre-fabricated system, comparing to a conventional sitebuild method.
A prefab/sitebuild hybrid structure is, as suggested in the title, a mix between prefab and sitebuild. In other words, the building will contain both custom and standardised parts.
FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES
LIMITED CUSTOMISATION
CHEAPER THAN FULL SITEBUILD
MORE CUSTOMISATION
One of the major problems when using a prefab system in construction is that currently banks are spektical of it, and are less likely to give out a loan.
Due to standardisation, a drawback is that the design of the building is limited in terms of the level of customisation.
As expected, a hybrid building will be cheaper than a full sitebuild, but more expensive than a full prefab building.
A hybrid building has more customisation option than a full prefab building, but less than a full sitebuild building.
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
CASE STUDY - BRIARD RESIDENCE ‘Take prefabricated panels, add a dose of ingenuity, and a desire for an extremely green home and you get this half-prefab, half-custom Culver City home, designed by Sander Architects. Not only does the house play host to eco-friendly details that makes it sustainable inside and out– but its acoustically-tuned-to-concert-perfection interior provides owner Thomas Small the ability to play chamber music with perfect resonance. The 4,200-square-foot home uses a prefabricated structure that was assembled on-site and then outfitted with necessary trim, plumbing, and interior fixings for a grand total of $528,000, about a third of an architect-designed home in the Los Angeles area.’ - Archdaily
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
05 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS & CRITERIA
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
CONSIDERATIONS 05 DESIGN & CRITERIA
CONSIDERATIONS 05 DESIGN & CRITERIA
DIAGRAM STUDIES
CLIENT BRIEF
To create a viable design solution, all of passive and sustainable consideration combined with the client’s expectation are gathered and pointed out. Some basic and general passive design are to be the guideline for the scheme. Main client’s needs and expectation also need to be the requirements indeveloping the design
Following a meeting with the client, Vincent Walsh and his lawyer Nikki, we established 6 key criteria which were desirable in the proposal. 1. Solar Capture. For the design to be dictated by the solar capture.
1. OVERLOOKING
2. SUSTAINABLE CERTIFIED
3. ACCESSIBILITY
2. To have an ecology that runs throughout the building, to allow the residents to integrate and co-evolve with the environment. 3. An access route that runs through the site from the north side to the east side, toward the future developments. 4. To consider energy efficiency. 5. To incorporate a distinguishable feature, to brand it as ‘biospheric’.
1. SOLAR CAPTURE
2. INTEGRATED ECOLOGY
3. DOUBLE ACCESS
£
6. The allow for future adaptability and flexibility.
4. MAXIMISING DAYLIGHTING
5. UNITS NUMBER
6. INTERIOR COMFORT 4. LOW ENERGY BILLS
BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
5. DISTINGUISHABLE 6. ADAPTABLE FEATURE BIOSPHERIC FOUNDATION | RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT | qed2014 |
Saidatul S. Shazri From: Sent: To: Cc: Subject: Attachments:
t.mayer@manchester.gov.uk Wednesday, 16 April, 2014 10:15 AM SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI; a.bardsley1@manchester.gov.uk anwar_acemj@yahoo.com; fatinthurayyah@gmail.com; hays.shaz@gmail.com Re: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester schedule event.pdf; EVENT 18 BRIEF.pdf; full catalog 002.JPG
Dear Mr Shazri Thank you for your email. I have forwarded your request to Andy Bardsley, Neighbourhood Manager for the Northern Quarter. Andy - could you please advise Mr Shazri. Many thanks. Best regards Thorsten Mayer Regeneration Ward Officer Economic Development Unit and City Centre Ward Coordination Manchester City Council Growth and Neighbourhoods Directorate Postal address: Economic Development Unit, PO Box 532, Town Hall, Albert Square, Manchester, M60 2LA Location address: Economic Development Unit (Tue, Thu, Fri pm) Level 5, Desk 5-103 Town Hall Extension Manchester M60 2LA Tel: 0161 234 1525/ (800) 1525 internal Fax: 0161 274 0057 Mobile: 07717446916
City Centre Neighbourhood Delivery Team (Mon, Wed, Fri am) Based at Bootle Street Police Station Tel: 0161 856 3001 Mobile: 07717446916
manchester city council ENGAGEMENT SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI <SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk> 15/04/2014 18:06
To "t.mayer@manchester.gov.uk" <t.mayer@manchester.gov.uk> cc "hays.shaz@gmail.com" <hays.shaz@gmail.com>, "fatinthurayyah@gmail.com" <fatinthurayyah@gmail.com>, "anwar_acemj@yahoo.com" <anwar_acemj@yahoo.com>
Saidatul S. Shazri Saidatul S. Shazri Saidatul S. Shazri From: Sent: To: Cc:
Subject: Attachments:
Tommy Wolstencroft | Project Manager and Northern Quarter Co-ordinator | a.bardsley1@manchester.gov.uk Wednesday, 16 April, 2014 1:48 PM SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI anwar_acemj@yahoo.com; fatinthurayyah@gmail.com; hays.shaz@gmail.com; t.mayer@manchester.gov.uk; e.richards1@manchester.gov.uk; n.nugent@manchester.gov.uk; Tommy.Wolstencroft@cityco.com Re: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester schedule event.pdf; EVENT 18 BRIEF.pdf; full catalog 002.JPG
Dear Mr Shazri Before we can consider permission there are a number of matters which will require clarification, which briefly are:
What is the installation you are planning to install? You have mentioned planting a tree, I assume this is a real tree and not part of the installation? If so you will need to liase with our arbor team as there will be costs associated with planting and future maintenance. I will pass your details on. You have not specified which area of Stevenson Square you intend to utilise, bearing in mind this is not public realm but a designated highway also populated by businesses with an expanding night time economy. Have you consulted with any businesses in the area? You will need to provide a management plan including method statement of the installation and dismantling process GMP will also need to be included in consultation dependent on the type, size and exact location of the installation.
CityCo | Heart of Manchester BID Suite 4B | Blackfriars House | Parsonage | Manchester | M3 2JA Tel 0161 838 3257 | Fax 0161 838 3265 | Mobile 07984156312 | www.cityco.com | Twitter:@CityCo & @PiccadillyMCR CityCo works in partnership to manage and market city centre Manchester. *Please note the change of address From: SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI [mailto:SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 16 April 2014 18:33 To: a.bardsley1@manchester.gov.uk Cc: hays.shaz@gmail.com; t.mayer@manchester.gov.uk; e.richards1@manchester.gov.uk; n.nugent@manchester.gov.uk; Tommy Wolstencroft Subject: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Dear Mr Bardsley, Thank you for your feedbacks and quick reply. We’re still in discussion regarding the final outcome, and there are some uncertainties regarding this matter. However, we can be sure that this installation is temporary and all of the construction work such as graffiti and sculpturing will be conducted off-site. Only the process of installing the installation will be at the Stevenson Square. The installation will be free-standing by itself and doesn’t involve existing structure on site. -
I have copied in Eve Richards who will contact you when you have provided a response to the questions above. I have also copied in Tommy Wolstencroft from City Co who liases with and represents small businesses in the area, Tommy also works closely with local artists in the area and will need to be kept fully informed should the installation be given permission to go ahead. You may also wish to consider hiring one of our event spaces in the city centre, if so please contact the Events Team on: Email: citycentrespacehire@manchester.gov.uk
-
Events Team Tel:234 5231
-
Regards Andrew Bardsley Neighbourhood Manager (Compliance). City Centre Neighbourhood Delivery Team Growth and Neighbourhoods Based at Bootle Street Police Station Ext Tel: 0161 856 3001 Fax: 0161 234 4872 Email a.bardsley1@manchester.gov.uk
1
POSTAL ADDRESS - Manchester City Council, Neighbourhood Services, City Centre NDT, Town Hall, M60 2LA http://www.manchester.gov.uk/housing/
Thorsten Mayer/Chief.Executives/MCC
-
We’re not sure how the final outcome of the installation will be since it’ll be designed by the participants. But we’re trying to limit the dimension to 5m X 5m X 5m. It’ll be like a 3D advertisement ‘board’. Regarding the planting, the plant will be part of the installation which consists of small pots where public can take back with them (which is our main intention). Thus, there’s no need for future maintenance since we’re aiming the installation to be on site for 5days before dismantling it. We’ll clarify the specified area with you by this Tuesday, 22nd of April, and will try to avoid and minimize any disruption with public We’ll also consult with the businesses in the area on this Tuesday. Do we need to provide the final management plan (method statement of the installation and dismantling process) before hand? Since we’re not sure how the design of the installation will be until 8th of May. Do we need to contact GMP (Greater Manchester Police as I understood) by ourselves to inform them regarding the matter or we can get it through your help?
To SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI <SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk>,
1
From: Sent: To: Cc: Subject:
Dear Mr. Shazri
Tommy Wolstencroft <Tommy.Wolstencroft@cityco.com> From: Wednesday, 23 April, 2014 8:33 AM Sent: SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI To: Andy Bardsley (a.bardsley1@manchester.gov.uk) RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation Subject: in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Tommy Wolstencroft <Tommy.Wolstencroft@cityco.com> Friday, 25 April, 2014 12:04 PM SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Hi
I have another meeting the NQ that morning, therefore it will be better to meet on site. I can do Tuesday Andy Bardsley has passed to me some information of your proposals, and I was wondering howinyour plans atfurther? 12.30pm outside Fred Aldous, it will enable us to look at your proposals in the right setting. are coming along? Would you be able to meet up with me to discuss this Kind regards
Regards
Tommy
Tommy
Tommy Wolstencroft | Project Manager and Northern Quarter Co-ordinator | Tommy Wolstencroft | Project Manager and Northern Quarter Co-ordinator | CityCo | Heart of Manchester BID Suite 4B | Blackfriars House | Parsonage | Manchester | M3 2JA CityCo | Heart of Manchester BID Tel 0161 838 3257 | Fax 0161 838 3265 | Mobile 07984156312 | www.cityco.com Suite| 4B | Blackfriars House | Parsonage | Manchester | M3 2JA Twitter:@CityCo & @PiccadillyMCR Tel 0161 838 3257 | Fax 0161 838 3265 | Mobile 07984156312 | www.cityco.com | Twitter:@CityCo & @PiccadillyMCR CityCo works in partnership to manage and market city centre Manchester. CityCo works in partnership to manage and market city centre Manchester. *Please note the change of address *Please note the change of address From: SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI [mailto:SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 16 April 2014 18:33 From: SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI [mailto:SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk] To: a.bardsley1@manchester.gov.uk Sent: 25 April 2014 10:10 Cc: hays.shaz@gmail.com; t.mayer@manchester.gov.uk; e.richards1@manchester.gov.uk; To: Tommy Wolstencroft n.nugent@manchester.gov.uk; Tommy Wolstencroft Cc: Andy Bardsley (a.bardsley1@manchester.gov.uk); anwar_acemj@yahoo.com; fatinthurayyah@gmail.com Subject: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester Subject: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Dear Mr Bardsley,
Dear Tommy,
Thank you for your feedbacks and quick reply. We’re still in discussion regarding final and there are I’mthe sorry foroutcome, the late reply. some uncertainties regarding this matter. However, we can be sure that this installation is temporary and all of the been visiting the site to clarify where we want to do the installation. We also Regarding the site clarification, we’ve construction work such as graffiti and sculpturing will be conducted off-site. Only the process of with installing the already consulted the business that maybe affected due to the installation, which is Fred Aldous and are in the installation will be at the Stevenson Square. The installation will be free-standing by itself and doesn’t involve They are concerned if it’s blocked their view to the road, therefore we need to process of getting their approval. existing structure on site. reconsider back the requirements and constraints for the design. Attached herewith is the location where we want to assemble the installation. - We’re not sure how the final outcome of the installation will be since (3m it’ll be designed by the participants. x 2m x 2m high) But we’re trying to limit the dimension to 5m X 5m X 5m. It’ll be like a 3D advertisement ‘board’. - Regarding the planting, the plant will be part of the installation which Regarding consists ofthe small pots whereplan, public management GMP, and any safety precautions (and maybe TFGM), we need to further discuss it can take back with them (which is our main intention). Thus, there’s no need future maintenance with youfor since we’re not familiarsince with those matters. Is it possible for you if we meet on this upcoming Tuesday, 29 th we’re aiming the installation to be on site for 5days before dismantling it. at your office in Parsonage around afternoon ? April - We’ll clarify the specified area with you by this Tuesday, 22nd of April, and will try to avoid and minimize any disruption with public Attach herewith also the conceptual proposal of how the installation will be on site for your clear visualization. - We’ll also consult with the businesses in the area on this Tuesday. - Do we need to provide the final management plan (method statementThanks of the you installation andfor dismantling very much your time and concern. process) before hand? Since we’re not sure how the design of the installation will be until 8th of May. - Do we need to contact GMP (Greater Manchester Police as I understood) by ourselves to inform them
Saidatul S. Shazri From: Sent: To: Subject:
Hi
Saidatul S. Shazri
Tommy Wolstencroft <Tommy.Wolstencroft@cityco.com> Friday, 25 April, 2014 12:04 PM From: SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI Sent: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester To: Cc: Subject:
Tommy Wolstencroft <Tommy.Wolstencroft@cityco.com> Friday, 9 May, 2014 1:03 PM Saidatul S. Shazri fatinthurayyah@gmail.com; anwar_acemj@yahoo.com RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Saidatul S. Shazri
I have another meeting in the NQ that morning, therefore it will be better to meet on site. I can do Tuesday Hi at 12.30pm outside Fred Aldous, it will enable us to look at your proposals in the right setting. Regards Tommy
Warm regards Tommy Wolstencroft | Project Manager and Northern Quarter Co-ordinator |
Tommy
CityCo | Heart of Manchester BID Suite 4B | Blackfriars House | Parsonage | Manchester | M3 2JA Tommy Wolstencroft | Project Manager and Northern Quarter Co-ordinator | Tel 0161 838 3257 | Fax 0161 838 3265 | Mobile 07984156312 | www.cityco.com | Twitter:@CityCo & @PiccadillyMCR CityCo | Heart of Manchester BID CityCo works in partnership to manage and market city centre Manchester.Suite 4B | Blackfriars House | Parsonage | Manchester | M3 2JA Tel 0161 838 3257 | Fax 0161 838 3265 | Mobile 07984156312 | www.cityco.com | Twitter:@CityCo & @PiccadillyMCR *Please note the change of address CityCo works in partnership to manage and market city centre Manchester. From: SAIDATUL SYAHIRAH BINTI SHAZRI [mailto:SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 25 April 2014 10:10 *Please note the change of address To: Tommy Wolstencroft Cc: Andy Bardsley (a.bardsley1@manchester.gov.uk); anwar_acemj@yahoo.com; fatinthurayyah@gmail.com From: Saidatul S. Shazri [mailto:SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Subject: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester Sent: 07 May 2014 02:43 To: Tommy Wolstencroft Dear Tommy, Cc: fatinthurayyah@gmail.com; anwar_acemj@yahoo.com Subject: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
I’m sorry for the late reply. Regarding the site clarification, we’ve been visiting the site to clarify where we want to do the installation. We also Hi Tommy, already consulted with the business that maybe affected due to the installation, which is Fred Aldous and are in the process of getting their approval. They are concerned if it’s blocked their view toThank the road, therefore to you very much we for need your cooperation. Attached herewith is the method statement for the event and approval reconsider back the requirements and constraints for the design. Attached herewith the location want letterisfrom the tutor.where I hopewe this will help us to get your permission to do the event in the mentioned site at to assemble the installation. Stevenson Square. (3m x 2m x 2m high) Do update us on the progress for the approval so that we can proceed to do the installation on the day (14.05.2014) Regarding the management plan, GMP, and any safety precautions (and maybe TFGM), we need to further discuss it th with you since we’re not familiar with those matters. Is it possible for you if we Thank meet on this upcoming Tuesday, you very much and have a 29 nice day. April at your office in Parsonage around afternoon ? Kind regards, Attach herewith also the conceptual proposal of how the installation will be on Saidatul site for your clear visualization. Shazri
Thanks you very much for your time and concern.
From: Sent: To: Cc: Subject:
I would add something about bus/traffic safety awareness, but everything else looks good. I’m looking forward to seeing both the construction process and the finished article ! Will you be documenting the project, if so could I be sent a copy? Best wishes for the day.
From: Tommy Wolstencroft [mailto:Tommy.Wolstencroft@cityco.com] Sent: Tuesday, 6 May, 2014 11:36 AM To: Saidatul S. Shazri
Manchester School of Architecture Chatham Building Cavendish Street Manchester M15 6BR United Kingdom
Dear Sir / Madam,
As the Head of Bachelor of Architecture 01, Manchester School of Architecture; I hereby affirmed that Plug-in Street Arts is a part of Event 2014, ANALOGIES organized by the School of Architecture. Annually, the school organizes the event which are created and delivered by 5th year students. This year’s event will be focused on the idea of ‘collaboration and the city’. This letter is to support the request for approval to hold the event at Stevenson Square. Any responsibilities regarding the site matters will be held by the 5th year students. If you need additional information regarding the matter, you can contact me through my email L.Sanderson@mmu.ac.uk, or discuss it directly with the students.
Tommy Wolstencroft <Tommy.Wolstencroft@cityco.com> Friday, 9 May, 2014 1:03 PM Saidatul S. Shazri fatinthurayyah@gmail.com; anwar_acemj@yahoo.com RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Hi I would add something about bus/traffic safety awareness, but everything else looks good. I’m looking forward to seeing both the construction process and the finished article ! Will you be documenting the project, if so could I be sent a copy? Best wishes for the day. Warm regards Tommy Tommy Wolstencroft | Project Manager and Northern Quarter Co-ordinator | CityCo | Heart of Manchester BID Suite 4B | Blackfriars House | Parsonage | Manchester | M3 2JA Tel 0161 838 3257 | Fax 0161 838 3265 | Mobile 07984156312 | www.cityco.com | Twitter:@CityCo & @PiccadillyMCR CityCo works in partnership to manage and market city centre Manchester. *Please note the change of address
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
Kind Regards,
Laura Sanderson BA(Hons) B(Arch) Dip. Professional Practice RIBA Senior Lecturer // Head BA 01
From: Saidatul S. Shazri [mailto:SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 07 May 2014 02:43 To: Tommy Wolstencroft Cc: fatinthurayyah@gmail.com; anwar_acemj@yahoo.com Subject: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Hi Tommy, Thank you very much for your cooperation. Attached herewith is the method statement for the event and approval letter from the tutor. I hope this will help us to get your permission to do the event in the mentioned site at Stevenson Square. Do update us on the progress for the approval so that we can proceed to do the installation on the day (14.05.2014)
Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve received no adverse responses to your project, so go ahead. I will monitor it on the day, what time will you be on site? Regards Tommy Tommy Wolstencroft | Project Manager and Northern Quarter Co-ordinator | CityCo | Heart of Manchester BID Suite 4B | Blackfriars House | Parsonage | Manchester | M3 2JA Tel 0161 838 3257 | Fax 0161 838 3265 | Mobile 07984156312 | www.cityco.com | Twitter:@CityCo & @PiccadillyMCR CityCo works in partnership to manage and market city centre Manchester. *Please note the change of address From: Saidatul S. Shazri [mailto:SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 09 May 2014 15:16 To: Tommy Wolstencroft Subject: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Hi Tommy We will add the traffic safety awareness after the installation process, and include it with the construction process into the finished article. Yes, the whole process of this project will be documented and we will sent to you as soon as the project is being exhibited at school (23rd May 2014). However, just to clarify some things. Do we have approval for the construction on 14 th May, at Stevenson Square?
Saidatul S. Shazri From: Sent: To: Subject:
Tommy Wolstencroft <Tommy.Wolstencroft@cityco.com> Friday, 9 May, 2014 4:10 PM Saidatul S. Shazri RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Hi Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve received no adverse responses to your project, so go ahead. I will monitor it on the day, what time will you be on site? Regards Tommy Tommy Wolstencroft | Project Manager and Northern Quarter Co-ordinator |
Hope you have a pleasant day.
CityCo | Heart of Manchester BID Suite 4B | Blackfriars House | Parsonage | Manchester | M3 2JA Tel 0161 838 3257 | Fax 0161 838 3265 | Mobile 07984156312 | www.cityco.com | Twitter:@CityCo & @PiccadillyMCR
Thank you very much. Kind Regards, Saidatul Shazri
CityCo works in partnership to manage and market city centre Manchester. From: Tommy Wolstencroft [mailto:Tommy.Wolstencroft@cityco.com] Sent: Friday, 9 May, 2014 1:03 PM To: Saidatul S. Shazri Cc: fatinthurayyah@gmail.com; anwar_acemj@yahoo.com Subject: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Hi
*Please note the change of address From: Saidatul S. Shazri [mailto:SAIDATUL.S.SHAZRI@stu.mmu.ac.uk] Sent: 09 May 2014 15:16 To: Tommy Wolstencroft Subject: RE: Requesting Permission to do Installation in Stevenson Square, Manchester
Hi Tommy 1
We will add the traffic safety awareness after the installation process, and include it with the construction process into the finished article. Yes, the whole process of this project will be documented and we will sent to you as soon as the project is being exhibited at school (23rd May 2014). However, just to clarify some things. Do we have approval for the construction on 14th May, at Stevenson Square? Hope you have a pleasant day.