Gorod Sputnik
-Who are you? -I am a city. -What is your name? -My name is Visaginas. -How old are you? - I am 42 years old. -How do you look like? -I look like a half of a butterfly -Why? -When the architects planned me, they thought I will be bigger and will look like a butterfly with 4 wings . But such a big city wasn’t needed and I have only 2 wings. - Where do you live? - In the north-east of Lithuania - Do you have neighbors? -Yes, I have. My neighbor is Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, but it is decommissioned and soon I’ll be alone. - How do you feel? - I feel undesired, left behind, insecure, or discarded. -What do you think about your future? - I really don’t know what awaits me in the future. Let’s see…
1975
popolation
1977.01.05
Power Unit : Ignalina-1
Start construction
Reactor type
RBMK-1500
1978.01.01
Power Unit : Ignalina-2
Start construction
Reactor type
RBMK-1500
1979
population
1981
population
1983.12.31
Power Unit : Ignalina-1
Connection to the network
Reactor type
RBMK-1500
Commissioning
Reactor type
RBMK-1500
1984.01.05
Power Unit : Ignalina-1
0
6 212
9 800
Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant
22
1985
population
1987.06.01 1987.08.20
Ignalina-3
Start construction
Reactor type
RBMK-1500
Ignalina-1
Connection to the network
Reactor type
RBMK-1500
1987.08.20
1988.08.30
Commissioning
Ignalina-3
Start construction
RBMK-1500 235 Fuel U Neutron energy spectrum Thermal Primary control method Control rods Primary moderator Graphite Power (thermal) 4,800 MWth Power (electric) 1,500 MWE
Graphite Category Formula (repeating unit) Crystal system Crystal class
Native mineral C
Hexagonal Dihexagonal dipyramidal (6/ mmm) Color Iron-black to steel-gray; deep blue in transmitted light Crystal habit Tabular, six-sided foliated masses, granular to compacted masses
6
C
Carbon 12.01
000 Weaker forces hold the layers together.
Strong covalent bonds between yhe carbon atoms in each layer.
1989
population
32 43
Fuel Material Name, symbol Neutrons Protons Natural abundance Half-life
UO2 (2,6-2,8 w% enrichment)
Uranium-235, 235U 143 92
92
0.72% 703 800 000 years
Uranium 235
U
2 38 The fission of one atom of Uranium-235 141 92 1 n + 235 92U → 56 Ba + 36Kr + 3 0n
1 0
1996
population
Chemicals Name, symbol Parent isotopes Decay products Isotope mass Excess energy Binding energy Decay mode Decay energy
36 Uranium-235, 235U Pa,
235
Np, 239Pu
235
Th
231
235.0439299 u 40914.062 Âą 1.970 keV 1783870.285 Âą 1.996 keV Alpha 4.679 MeV
6
2001
population
29 55 141 56
Ba
1 0
n
Nuclear chain reaction 1 0
n
neutron
235 92
U
235 92
U
1 0
n
Heigh Energy
Uranium-235
nuclear
1 0
n
92 36
Kr
9 54 235 92
235 92
U
141 56
Ba
235 92
U
1 0
n 235 92
1 0
n
U
Heigh Energy 1 0
n
235 92
U
U
235 92
U
92 36
Kr
141 56
Ba
235 92
1 0
n
235 92
U
235 92
U
235 92
1 0
n
U
Heigh Energy 1 0
n
235 92
U
92 36
Kr
141 56 235
U
Ba
235 92
U
2004.12.31
Ignalina-1
2009.12.31
Ignalina-2
Closing
Reactor type
Th
Pa
2011
U
235
population
Ra
223
227 Closing
231
RBMK-1500
Reactor type
Ac
227
RBMK-1500
Fr
223
22 Th
231
Po Pb Start of 207 215 211 Tl At Bi Dismantling And 207 211 219 Pb Po Rn Decontamina219 tion 215 At Bi 215
211
361
21 3
2012
population
2012.04.23
The permission was received to perform „hot“ test of Storage Facility for very low level radioactive waste(VLLW). The permission enables to import radioactive waste in
2012.07.31
NPP was allowed to perform a Decommissioning Project
a very low level radioactive waste storage facility site and for the first time to perform test, using radioactive waste in the very low level radioactive waste storage facility.
359 gorod stremitelno stareet i pusteet
20 5
2014
population
2014.06.19
INPP was allowed to commence implementation of Unit 2 Turbine Hall equipment dismantling and decontamination.
2014.07.21
INPP Starts Unit 2 dismantling activities. Within the Building 117/2 equipment dismantling project approx. 1000 tons of equipment will be dismantled. After initial treatment
(including, if necessary, decontamination) 99 % of dismantling wastes are planned to be sent for realization, the others are subject to disposal. Within the project
of Unit 2 equipment dismantling, 20480 tons of equipment from Unit 2 Turbine Hall will be dismantled. The foreseen project completion date is July 2021.
532 ne dumayu, chto kto-to vernetsya, dazhe esli ÂŤminimalkuÂť podnimut do 1000 evro
18 965
2015
population
2015.02.18
Approximately 22 thousand tons of Equipment was Dismantled in Ignalina NPP.
Steel Steel atomic structure - iron atom - carbon atom
2015.12.23
INPP received a license for the construction and operation of the Landfill Facility for very short-lived level waste(VSLW). It is planned to start the construction of the Landfill Facility in mid-2016 and its operation at the end of 2018.
na periferii okazalis iz-za globalizatsii – vo vsem mire lyudi sezzhayutsya v krupnye goroda
2016
population
19 63 N
H
N 2016.01.15
During the entire decommissioning process, 30 thousand tons (30 099) of equipment and related structures have been dismantled at the INPP.
This is 23.2 percent of a total quantity planned to be dismantled during the entire decommissioning process by 2038.
2016.08.19
Dismantling of the Unit 1 Turbine Hall of INPP has been completed. INPP employees performed dismantling works since 2011 to July 2016.
The dismantled equipment weighs 18 159 tones and consists mostly of turbines, generators, heat exchangers, pumps, reinforcement and pipelines.
SerpenH tine O O
O
32 Smertnost ot upotrebleniya narkotikov - 10 chelovek na 100 tysyach naseleniya(v srednem po Litve 3,7).
Prestupnost, svyazannaya s priemom narkotikov – 234 sluchaya na 100 tysyach zhitelej (v srednem po Litve - 65).
Smertnost ot upotrebleniya alkogolya – 34 zhitelya na 100 tysyach naseleniya(v srednem po Litve – chut menee 26)
ya ne mazohist - esli v litve dlya menya ne budet uslovij, ya uedu
19 236
2017
population
2017.11.23
INPP obtained the construction license and permit to start operation of Near Surface Repository for low and intermediate level shortlived radioactive waste(LLW),(ILW).
6 Procent bezrabotnyx sredi rabotosposobnyx 13,4% (v srednem po Litve - 7,6). Bezrabotica sredi molodezhi 8,9 %(v srednem po Litve 4,3%).
Bezrabotnye sredi zhenshhin 15,8% (v srednem po Litve 7,4%). Chislo dolgosrochnyx bezrabotnyx(ishhut rabotu bolee goda) – 611 chelovek ili 3,1% naseleniya goroda (v srednem po Litve - 3,7).
hislo shkolnikov umenshilos v 3,5 raz s 2000 po 2017.
kak na porokhovoj bochke
2018.01.10
40 loaded casks with spent nuclear fuel are already at storage sites in the interim spent fuel storage facility (ISFS).
2021
population
16 900
atomnye goroda vsegda polnostyu zavisimy ot predpriyatiya, net predpriyatiya — net goroda
2026
End of Unit dismantling
2026
End of all D&D
esli molodyozh ne vozvrashchaetsya syuda, to i u goroda net budushchego
2038
End of demolition
a chego eshche zhdat ot goroda, poteryavshego svoj glavnyj istochnik zhiznennyx sil?
2040 92
U
235 Nuclide U Historic name (short) AcU Historic name (long) Actin Uranium Decay mode Îą Half-life (a=year) 703 800 000 a Energy released 4.678 MeV Product of 231 decay Th
703 800 Uranium 235
0
Radiactive Decay of Uranium-235
703802040 90
Th
Thorium 232
91
Pa
231 Nuclide Th Historic name (short) UY Historic name (long) Uranium Y
Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
β−
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
231
25.52 h 0.391 MeV Pa
231
Pa
Pa
32 Protactinium 231
Protactinium α 32 760 y
5.150 MeV Ac
227
Alpha Decay Radiation emitted: 2α 4 Generic equation: A X→ A-4 X’+ 4α 2 Z Z-2
+ + + + + + + + +
+
+ + + + + + + +
Beta Decay Radiation emitted: -0 α 1 Generic equation: A X→ AX’+4α 2 Z Z+1
+ + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
Parent
Daughter
+ + Beta Particle
89
Ac
Actinium 227
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
Ac
227
Ac Actinium β− 98.62% 21.772 a 0.045 MeV
21 Th
227
703844821 90
Th
Thorium 232
227 Nuclide Th Historic RdAc name (short) Historic name (long) Radioactinium Decay mode α Half-life 18.68 d (a=year) Energy released 6.147 MeV Product of 223 decay Ra
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
Ac
227
Ac Actinium α 1.38% 21.772 a 5.042 MeV Fr
223
87
Fr
Francium 223
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
Fr
223
AcK Actinium K β− 99.994% 22.00 min 1.149 MeV Ra
223
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for francium
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
Fr
223
AcK Actinium K α 0.006% 22.00 min 5.340 MeV Fr
223
703844800 88
Ra
Radium 226
84
Po
Polonium 208
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
Ra
223
AcX Actinium X α 11.43 d 5.979 MeV Rn
219
Po
215
AcA Actinium A α 99.99977% 1.781 ms 7.527 MeV Pb
211
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
215
Bi
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
215
β− 7.6 min 2.250 MeV Po
215
Po
AcA Actinium A β− 0.00023% 1.781 ms 0.715 MeV At
215
83
Bi
Bismuth 208
85
At
Astatine 210
82
Pb
207
Lead
83
Bi
Bismuth 208
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
215
At
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
211
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
211
α 0.1 ms 8.178 MeV Bi
211
Pb
AcB Actinium B β− 36.1 min 1.367 MeV Bi
211
Bi
AcC Actinium C α 99.724% 2.14 min 6.751 MeV Tl
207
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
Bi
211
AcC Actinium C β− 0.276% 2.14 min 0.575 MeV Po
211
84
Po
Polonium 208
82
Pb
207
Lead
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
Po
211
AcC’ Actinium C’ α 516 ms 7.595 MeV Pb
207
207 Nuclide Pb Historic name (short) AcD Historic name (long) Actinium D Decay mode Half-life (a=year) stable
Nuclide Historic name (short) Historic name (long) Decay mode Half-life (a=year) Energy released Product of decay
Po
211
AcC’’ Actinium C’’ β− 4.77 min 1.418 MeV Pb
207
81
Tl
Thalium 204
Lead atomic structure
ya by ne speshil spisyvat nebolshie goroda, no dlya ix ozhivleniya nuzhen tolchok
- a person living in Visaginas
- a person working at INPP
INPP - Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant
VLLW - very low level ra-dioactive waste
VSLW - very shortlived level waste
ILW - inter-mediate level short-lived radioactive waste
ISFS - interim spent fuel storage facility
ID&D - disman-tling and decontamination
Shchukina Tatsiana, Vilnius, 2018