CERVANTES+ ESCAMILLA+VALVERDE
AS A MODEL OF WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN
SANTA MARIA MAGDALENA
WATER IS A DRIVER FOR PROSPERITY
2050
M. Landscape Architecture Rodrigo Pantoja CalderĂłn M. Civil Engineering Saul Enrique Crespo Sanchez BARQ. and M. Business Administration Juan Carlos Barrera BARQ. Juan Augusto Barrera BARQ. Luis Alberto Meouchi Velez BARQ. Brenda PĂŠrez Torres M. International Relations Elsa Nadia Ontiveros Ortiz M. Human Rights Claudia Elvira Romero Herrera BM. Isaac Andoney B. Mariana Balderas Isla Urbana
This book is thanks to the support of:
SANTA MARÍA MAGDALENA
PFC Thesis Project by: Danya Aimeé Escamilla Silva María Guadalupe Cervantes Landeros Verónica Ana Luisa Valverde Andrade
MarĂa Certvantes
Danya Escamilla
VerĂłnica Valverde
Agua y fuego son símbolos dobles la primera quiere decir fertilidad y vida pero también muerte por inundación; el segundo es el origen de la industria humana y asimismo de la guerra y del incendio. Separados, son destrucción; unidos, creación. La desmesura los transforma en agentes de muerte; el equilibrio, en fuente de vida. Octavio Paz “Ciudad del fuego y del agua”
Water, a clear liquid, without colour or taste, that falls from the sky as rain and is necessary for animal, plant life and human beings.
Identity meaning who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others.
Community is when the people living in one particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests, social group, or nationality.
Flooding is a temporary overflow of water onto land that is normally dry.
Drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
Neighborhood is an area walkable by any able bodied person which is tied together by some common thread. It could be architectural, historical, cultural, functional... a hill, lake, pond, ditch, creek, school, shopping district, tower or other landmark the neighborhood is centered around, or a neighborhood association.
Co-villages are intentional communities that strive for a degree of self-sufficiency and a low environmental impact, often motivated by the desire to find a sustainable alternative to capitalist society.
CONTENT 1. Introduction 2. Water history by: ORU 3. Territory analysis Queretaro 4. Location Santa MarĂa Magdalena 5. Flooding mitigation public or private space? 6. Phases 7. Active community Searching for an active community 8. Phase 1: Informality Private space - roofs 9. Phase 1 : informality Private space - rain gardens 10. Phase 2 . Recreation Communal water system and recreation 11. Landscape strategies to mitigate floods 12. Social Participation Stakeholders- Marginalized Areas 13. Study Cases Inspiration and Analysis 14. References
INTRODUCTION
Sustainability has lost its meaning. The prophets of apocalypse are no longer sounding the alarm of climate change but climate tragedy. New concepts and disciplines recycling, reconstruction, ecosystem, regeneration and geoengineering- are now emerging as part of the solution. Moving beyond the ideas that are remarkable yet modest in size, whether this are green, avatar- type futurist design or extravagant modern- day Noah´s Arcs (of the kind showing at a cinema near you), we most rise to the challenge of finding new ways of building responsibly and reducing our environmental impact. Humans have never been good at prevention, and, despite the warning signs, it seems that the world´s most powerful countries are not only failing to prepare but have even left the international treaty coding on them to make relatively small steps to mitigate the effects of climate change. Most of the world needs to resolve urgent needs - for security, affordable housing, high-quality public spaces- at this time of impending environmental catastrophe, making it unlikely for public policies to prioritize the imminent future in the immediate present. Architecture has a role to play by enhancing construction processes to improve thermal insulation and cross ventilation, reducing the vast amounts of energy consumed by air-conditioning and heating systems. Academic research most deliver science - based knowledge about de current climate crisis, to show what measures are within reach of the world´s different economies and cultures. And urban planning needs to become for far more ambitions: cities should be designed around environmental justice giving priority to water´s vital role in every public or private project. In this pages, we offer some analysis and ideas on how to cope with a future that most avoid the same criteria as applied in the past
WATER HISTORY
From century XX to nowadays, the Cities in Mexico have faced great challenges derived from the demographic pressure that transformed rural Mexico in one of the most urbanized countries of the world. This phenomenon can be understood from many perspectives that, in general, are associated with two transcendent historic moments. On one hand, the industrialization of Mexico in the middle of the 20th century, concentrated in the biggest cities brought a first group of urban immigrants, and on the other hand, the quick demographic growth in the 70s and 80s which finally forced the exit of big populations from their residential area, especially rural ones to be relocated to urban centers that offered better job opportunities. Other factors such as the increase in life expectancy, the increase in literacy and even the development of real-time communication technology, contributed to the urbanization process of Mexican society in an obvious and very fast way. However, the cities as a whole were not ready to face this situation, the impact of quick urbanization and the growth of cities was destructive, in most cases and for Mexico City, in particular, it resulted in a series of radical and significant transformations. In the face of the problems of urban growth and development, multiple solutions were presented that did not consider the sustainability of the territory or the historical, cultural and environmental heritage of the cities. Therefore, huge extensions of territory were urbanized; it is estimated that the extension of the main cities of the country has multiplied by six just in the last 25 years. This expansive action resulted in an impact on the ecosystems that interact in cities, almost always in a negative way. Among the many environmental effects, we can easily recognize the destruction of forest and scrub areas that had remained intact for centuries. This phenomenon affected not only the landscape but rather the biological cycles of the territory, it generates environmental and social imbalance in the urban areas, due to the impossibility of obtaining sufficient natural resources such as water to supply the urban population in Mexico.
The pollution and subsequent tubing of hundreds of watercourses throughout Mexico and the occupation of ravines and natural containment and recovery zones, affected the natural water cycle. These circumstances have led the cities to a water crisis that has become one of the main threats to the sustainability of urban life in Mexico. The lack and / or poor quality of water affects millions of people on a daily basis in our cities. In Mexico City, it estimates that 1.5 million people do not have access to running water in their homes. As many millions of inhabitants have poor quality or polluted water, it threatens your health. Finally, to understand the challenge of water, it requires new strategies that go further of big infrastructures and a vision such as “water is a vital element for the sustainability of societies”, where “water” being the axis of planning for the future, in instead of being considered a simple public service. Under these premises, the Water Plan for the Miguel Hidalgo District is developed with the capacity to help direct and guide decision-making in various senses related to water and urban development. The plan analyzes and describes the physical and social structure of the territory occupied by the Miguel District and its relationship with the rest of the city, in particular with the Valley of Mexico watershed. The plan focuses on the issue of water from various perspectives, although with an emphasis on the management of rainwater as a strategic element in the regeneration of cycles. At the end of the plan, a series of practical alternatives are presented that, if are implemented, would improve the daily relationship that the population maintains, its resources and its institutions maintain with water, through accurate proposals.
TERRITORY ANALYSIS Queretaro
Queretaro Metropolitan Area has grown exponentially over the years, causing problems that currently affect its territory and its natural resources, leading us to catastrophic futures. Thus Querétaro does not have a good environmental management of the land, it is not proportional to the availability of its water resource, in addition to not having enough natural areas or the capacity of pluvial infrastructure to recharge aquifers, which will lead us to face Water scarcity and floods, where the Queretaro Valley aquifer will run out and the lower areas of the city will suffer environmental vulnerability. If we face a catastrophic future, who could be saved in Querétaro? The areas with marginalization level within Querétaro coincide with flood areas, some areas are “Santa María Magdalena, San José el Alto, even Hercules”, which leads us to confirm that these areas have social problems regarding disaster situations in a future that could affect the life and property of the inhabitants, in addition it should be noted that the permeable and potential areas for recharging aquifers mantels are located on the outskirts of the city, being citizens of Querétaro, How creating permeable zones into urban space and making equitable cities?
Flooding scenarios Queretaro
FLOODING AREAS
MARGINALIZED AREAS
S
PERMEABLE AREAS
N
LOCATION
Santa Maria Magdalena
Santa María Magdalena is located in the western part of the city, where it has been segregated and disadvantaged due to the presence of uses of military or industrial equipment. It is an ejidal area with few accesses and borders on its perimeter such as the Queretaro River, the Train Tracks and the “El Arenal” drain or other neighborhoods, it has a high marginalization level in addition to its origin being a rural settlement, also having mixed uses in the area of housing and high local commerce, self-built housing and development of serial housing, as well as “Vertisol Pélico” land, narrow and cobbled streets, a low level of sanitation and school equipment, is neighborhood is known in Querétaro as a risk and disaster area due to problems of insecurity, flooding and sinking
IDENTITY
Santa Maria Magdalena
Santa María Magdalena is an active cultural area, of social cohesion, of roots, of customs, of identity, where there are different social groups within the neighborhood such as the group of ejidatarios “Emiliano Zapata”, church volunteers, the tianguistas, the muralists or graffiti artists, the rappers, in addition to those who participate in the annual festivities within the community such as “The fair of mole and tortilla”, including those who attend the Integral Center for Social Prevention CIPRES IV, these inhabitants involve to promote the neighborhood and reduce neighborhood degradation, they have the concern of built another image of where they live and regenerate the neighborhood, as well as maintaining practices linked to rural customs and habits mixed with urban practices that last over the years, turning them into intangible heritage. Although “built neighborhood” is talking about who lives in the neighborhood and for the social and segregated popular sectors in Mexico, it is a reflection of the people who inhabit the public space, so a process of social and urban transformation it focus on where the collectivity of neighborhood life its development.
Is both, a model for community action and the birthplace for social transformation. while constantly understanding the value of culture as an identity-building process.
TIMELINE
Santa Maria Magdalena
Santa Maria Magdalena takes root
Railway Inauguration 1904 Main dirt road construction from Queretaro City to Tlacote El Bajo 1961
Creation o
Issues with polluted water for agriculture begin 1967 Tortilla production as an economic activity begins 1970-1980
Foundation of Santa Maria Magdalena irregular settlement due to agriculture1923-1931
Main pavement road construction from Queretaro City to Tlacote El B
of identiy
Community problems intensify
Traditional‘’Mole and Tortilla Fair‘’ emerges 1988
Agrogen's establishment 1992
Church of Santa Maria Magdalena's construction 1995
n Bajo 1974
Development of Public Housing 1990-2000
Insecurity issue because of railway 2000-2020 Most catastrophic floods 2016-2018
IDENTITY
Santa Maria Magdalena
I D E NT I D A D
Flooding scenarios Santa Maria Magdalena
M 0
500
1000
1500
0
Queretaro River 500
Train Tracks
Santa M
Crops 1000
1500
Tla
2000
2000
2500
3000
MarĂa Magdalena
Military Field
acote Avenue
BORDERS
M 0 0
500
1000
1500
2000
500
1000
1500
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2500
3000
COMMERCE
M 0 0
500
1000
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2000
500
1000
1500
2000
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NOLLI
M 0 0
500
1000
1500
2000
500
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FLOODING AREAS
M 0 0
500
1000
1500
2000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
M 0
500
1000
1500
0
Queretaro River 500
Train Tracks
Santa M
Crops 1000
1500
Tla
2000
2000
2500
3000
MarĂa Magdalena
Military Field
acote Avenue
LAYER OVERLAP
Topography Canal water stagnation
Irregular settlement Location
type of ground train tracks sewage military field
LIMITATIONS
canal inclusive for Queretaro citizens public transport strengthening community services
Housing Typology
insecurity
Union with the city
Social groups
OPPORTUNITIES
Identity Rural background train tracks Social Groups
STRENGHTS
Voids
“Rooting” canal Citizen participation Commerce Strong social structure
FLOODING MITIGATION Public or private space?
Flooding Mitigation, where to star?
How can we transform an entire neighborhood with Public space intervention and strategic design? Santa Maria magdalena suffers many problems as a marginalized area, the most important are flooding, insecurity and, It has bad urban infraestructure so its no pedestrian accesible, they dont have green areas or public space that can be considered a safe place for the children to play.Parents arent calm because of all the news and bad situation happening in the Neighborhood. We are trying to develope innovative approaches in the urban design field, centered on the active participation of the community, changing the way the live can be a difficult but if there are different activities that we are planning and they can take place in their own houses for a communal benefit. the can learn to have their own rain garden, take care of it and use that water for personal use, there are different systems that can improve wain water quaility. Some of the ideas that we want to implement to improve the quality of life within the neighborhood are: improved safety and security, livelihood opportunities, relationship between neighbors and authorities, play opportunities for children as well as better rain water harvesting systems in both, public and private space, and environmental quality, better landscape, designing for the pedestrian, give green areas, parks that can help both, the community and mitigate floding. If we can change the way people live and can be more sensible with rain water catchment and treatment, we can change and improve all housing typologies ba blocks and then improve the whole neighborhood. We want to change the way they see water from home, we can improve the types of housing per block and the entire neighborhood will be able to have rainwater treatment systems from home, collect it and maintain their own rain garden. If we start from the private space, people become familiar with these new systems and the importance of water, then we can intervene different voids within the neighborhood to generate water parks, with the same systems on a larger scale, achieving permanence and designing program for their activities and ensure that the flooding can be mitigated for the good of the community and improving safety by activating spaces.
Why start from home? Because housing is what abounds within the neighborhood We want to sensitize residents about the value of water so that they can see the benefits of rainwater harvesting and mitigate the problem before it reaches the streets.
Why design the public space? This space will no longer be an individual unit, it will become a collective space for collecting rainwater for the benefit of both the community and the aquifers.
CATCH
RAIN WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM
SUSTA COMM
EMPOWERAMENT OF THE COMMUNITY
VOIDS INTE
HMENT
BLOCK CHAIN
INABLE MUNITY
ERVENTION
Water
Rain garders
Rain Garden Infiltration areas
1 1
1.5
HOUSING WATER MANAGEMENT
PHASE 1
INFOMALITY
PH
RE
Housing Typologies
Voi
Flooding Mitigation
We
Adapt water collector systems to existing typologies
Pub
ASE 2
ECREATION
id Intervention
PHASE 3
SUPPLY
Social Housing System
etlands
Crops Area
blic Space Design
Model of farming + Water Treatment
PHASE 1 INFORMALITY Private space - roofs
Santa Maria Magdalena has a low level of clean water, therefore it is proposed to use the ISLA URBANA system for the collection of rainwater, which promotes the use of TLALOQUE, a device that allows the rainwater harvesting from roofs and its filtration for human consumption in communities that suffer shortage water.
TREET: 16 DE SEPTIEMBRE
CROPS
SOCIAL HOUSING
ORIZONTAL AXIS
CROPS
SOCIAL HOUSING
SELF-BUILD HOUSING SELF-BUILD HOUSING
MILITARY FIELD MILITARY FIELD
STREET: 16 DE SEPTIEMBRE Horizontal axis
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Train tracks Train tracks divide the neighborhood in the northern and the southern part, which generates a kind of two neighborhoods.
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Crops Santa Maria Magdalena is surrounded by crops because it has an irregular origin dedicated to agriculture.
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Drain The neighborhood and Queretaro is divided and crossed by the Arenal drain
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Military field The military field is public equipment but can not be used by inhabitants of the neighborhood.
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Social housing In the social housing typology the volume and the constructed area are the same.
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SELF-BUILD HOUSING In self-build housing typology the constructed area, volumes, materials and finishes are not the same
M 0
500
1000
1500
0
500
16
15
1000
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
13
12 2 1
1 3
4 5
6
7 1500
8
2000
2000
2500
3000
14
2
4 5
6
11
7
10
8
9
BLOCK ANALYSIS
WATER MANAGEMENT RAIN GARDENS Adapting water systems to existing typologies
City Block City block area = 4,024 m2 Built area = 1,060 m2 Total housing= 16 Inhabited housing= 10 Population = 34
Population Water consumption per month 40,800 lt
Total housing Water captured with built area per month 91,200 lt
Inhabited housing
Total housing - Inhabited housing Load factor 62.5% Liters affected by factor 57,000 lt Area
This block is sustainable by the rainwater catchment system
HOUSING ANALYSIS 16 BLOCKS More inhabited houses (occupation factor) = better water catchment Relationship between density and area of water catchment Self-Build Housing is more Sustainable than Social Housing
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ISLA URBANA References RAIN HARVESTING: ISLA URBANA #rainforall
References RAIN HARVESTING SYSTEM: ISLA URBANA.#rainforall
+ % in Santa Maria Magdalena
self-Build Hous
Water Sustainable
BALAN
Flexible
MUTUAL BENEFICIAL ARRANGEMENT
Water
community
Vegetation
sing - % en Santa Maria Magdalena
No Water Sustainable (Blocks)
NCE
No Flexible No big absortion Area.
Public Housing
H O U S I N G T Y P O LO G I E S R E S U M E
PHASE 1 INFORMALITY Private space - rain gardens
Self-build housing in Santa MarĂa Magdalena presents some flexibility because of the informality it has. Lands have front measures from 5 to 15 meters and width measures from 13 to 40 meters. Self-build housing is informal and has a low or precarious socioeconomic level, which it prevents the possibility of building throughout the property, even has not a good distribution of the construction, and does not use suitable materials, which affects them during rainy seasons. The project proposes a flood percentage of 3% of the city block and informality as a filter, therefore a rain gardens system is implemented. Rain gardens generate community participation and conversation among inhabitants per city block, which establishes a new system within the existing typology that contributes to mitigating floods through the action of sharing the land.
INFORMALITY AS FILTER
ESTABLISHIN
E X I ST I N G H O U
G NEW SYSTEMS IN
USING TYPOLOGIES
SHARING TO MITIGATE
WATER MANAGEMENT RAIN GARDENS Adapting water systems to existing typologies
City Block City block area = 4,024 m2 Built area = 1,060 m2 Unbuitl area= 2,964 m2 Total housing= 16 Inhabited housing= 10 Population = 34
Area
Total area - Built area = unbuilt area
Water
Water captured with unbuilt area per month 141,778 lt
Rain garders 1 1
1.5 Water storage = 1,500 lt
Rain Garden Infiltration areas
Water captured with unbuilt area per month 141,778 lt / 1,500 lt WE NEED 95 m3 of rain gardens
3%
PERCENTAGE OF FLOOD
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Raingardens in existing housing typologies.
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The measurement will depend on the size of the property or what the inhabitant decides to donate as long as the minimum area is respected.
The measurement will be the same for all housing per city block.
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RAIN GARDENS Axonometric
BIODIGESTER
This system will be used during droughts. Reference: ROTOPLAS
RAIN GARDEN
Tank
Inlet Outlet Sludge Inner treatment area
UNDERGROUND BIODIGESTER Sludge sediment
PHASE 2 RECREATION
Communal water system and Publics Space
Applying the same rainwater catchment system and analyzing the way in which the flood affects the neighborhood, we decided to locate three strategic voids depending on the neighboring areas and near the most important edges to be able to give a program and sensitize the community with the water catchment and treatment. We propose to design a void depending on the elements around it, “the social void� was considered of greater importance to start as the second phase in the project because it is located near schools, sports fields, commerce and self-construction housing. We are proposing a water park that provides security and space to carry out different commercial and cultural activities, providing roofs as a concept of the tarpaulins of the tianguis. Today all the people that sells in the market dont have good space near the church, they invade the streets and the car has no acces to different streets so we think that givind the community a good space to sell their products and giving a program will help many problems of insecurity and accesibility. We design a simple structure as a set of heights and perforations allowing the entry of natural light and letting the vegetation pass through this structure , giving space for informal commerce to have a place to stay throughout the day, without leaving aside the issue of water, they are designed in 4 modularities so that the rain catchment system can be implemented through the tlaloque. Thus, the collected water that goes to the cistern will be of better quality, helping the community and giving it a good use. Throughout the site, wetlands were thought strategically depending on the topography and how the flood is spreading throughout the site, and thus, to be able to flood it in a positive way and to continue enjoying the roads and programs that people can give you. we want people to stay and take ownership of the place, to make it their own, seeing it as an opportunity rather than a threat.
VOIDS INTERVENTION
Santa Maria Magdalena devided by water consumption
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Environmental
Social
Economic
M 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
500
3 ,9 2 0 I n h a b i t a n t s 156,800 lt
4,086 Inhabitants 163,440 lt 1000
1500
2,716 Inhabitants 108,640 lt
2000
M 0 0
500
1000
1500
2000
500
1000
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SOCIAL VOID
SITE ANALYSIS
HORIZONTAL AXIS
Social Void
SCHO
VERTICAL AXIS North- South Commerce line.
OOLS
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
QUERETARO RIVER
SOCIAL VOID 18,446 m2 First Flooding affected Area Nearby: Qro River Self Build Housing Schools and Commerce Sport Club, FutBall Field. Military Field.
MILITARY FIELD
Flooding scenarios SOCIAL VOID
DESIGN STRATEGIES Social Void
SPATIAL STRATEGIES
CONNECTIONS OUT OF THE EDGES
PERMEABIL
LI TY
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY NETWORK
ESTABLISHING A STRATEGY
CULTURAL D
EVELOPMENT
GROWING UP WITH NATURE
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAM Social Void
CONCRETE ROOFS
CHI A
EXISTING PATHS CONCRETE STEPS
WETLANDS
PLATFORMS
L D R E N´S AREA RAINGARDENS VEGETATION RAIN WATER COLLECTORS
XEROPHILOUS GARDENS
SECTION
Tlaloque System - Isla Urbana
2% pendiente
NLAP+ 6.25m
Impermeabilizante: Kover secado rápido serie 4800 marca Berel color blanco. Relleno de tezontle con pendiente de 2% -3% para bajada de agua pluvial. Pretil de concreto aparante de 20cm de espesor
NPT+ 6.00
Entortado de mortero cemento - arena proporción 1:4 Enladrillado de ladrillo de 2.5x13x26cms. Gotero de concreto
NLBL + 3.15
Chaflán de concreto f’c= 100kg/cm2 a 45o con dimensiones de 10 por 10 cm Bajada de agua pluvial. PVC 4”, codo 90 PVC 4” (ver detalle de Bajada pluvial) Capa de 5 cm de espesor de impermeabilizante Losa maciza bastones #3 @ 20cms- 25cms Alternados con la Bayoneta Armado de trabe de concreto f’c= 250 kg/cm2sección de 30x30cm, armado de 8 varillas pretensadas #6 con estribos #3 @ 20 cm @25cm Ganchitos 8mm soporte de tuberia aparente Parillas #3 a cada 20 cms o a cada 25 cms Capa de concreto f’c= 250 kg /cm2, de 10 cm de espesor
Columna cuadrada de concreto aparante de 30 a 35 cm. con altura de 6 m. Armado de 8 varillas pretensadas #6, estribos #3 @8cm y @15cm en el centro
Estribos #3 @15cms 8 Varillas del #6 6/8”
Estribos #3 @8cms
Acabado de columna: concreto aparente Firme de concreto de 10 cm de espesor. Plantilla de concreto simple F`c=250 kg/cm2 Acabado concreto pulido Malla electrosoldada 6X6/10,10 NPT+ 0.10 m
Terreno natural fértil Zapata Aislada de 30x30 cm con V #6 6/8”. Estribos del # 3 @15 cms min @8cms. Plantilla de mortero pobre a base de cemento agua y arena de 5cm de espesor Capa de impermeabilizante para cimentación Marca FESTER Excavación por medios mecánicos (Sujeto a cambios) Análisis de mecánica de suelos. Relleno y compactación por medio de mecánica de suelos. (sujeto a cambios) Relleno y compactación en capas Excavación de cepas y zanjas con sobreexcavación (sujeto a cambios) Mejoramiento de suelo con gravilla
Mortero Entortado Trabe
Perforación de pretil
Rejilla
Codo 90 PVC 4”
2% pendiente
Tabique Novaceramic 12x12x24cm Entortado de cemento- arena 1:4
PVC 4”
Enladrillado
Trabe
Tabique Novaceramic 12x12x24cm Entortado de cemento- arena 1:4 Enladrillado
25 cm
Trabe
Pretil
Mortero Coladera Codo 90 PVC 4” Losa
Tubo PVC 4” 25 cm
Pretil
Mortero
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
Coladera Codo 90 PVC 4” Losa
Water catchment Systems in roofs (100m2 = 1 Tlaloque) Tubo PVC 4”
LANDSCAPE
Landscape strategies to mitigate floods
To address and solve problems of urban sanitation during rainy seasons it proposes landscape strategies, which involve rain gardens and wetlands. Rain gardens will be in private and public spaces while wetlands only in public spaces. Both sustainable ecology systems consider the low impact design, therefore involve native plants and species that contributing to create an eco network in this part of the city. Besides in the intervention in public space it proposes Xerophilus gardens because Santa Maria Magdalena it based in areas of matorral crasicaule that also would maintain and contribute the new ecosystem with native vegetation and low hydric demand.
DRAINAGE SERVICE
V
DRAINAGE SERVICE
VS
S
LANDSCAPE STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE FLOODS
LANDSCAPE STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE FLOODS
The drainage service merges runoff water and sewage, even does not recharge groundwater easily.
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RAIN GARDENS PROPOSAL LANDSCAPE Self-Build Housing Axonometric
PUBLIC SPACE PROPOSAL LANDSCAPE Axonometric
RAINGARDENS Native plants
WETLANDS Native Plants
XEROPHYTIC GARDENS Native plants
BIRDS
RODENTS
Pyrocephalus rubinus
Zenaida asiatica
Peromyscus gratus
Baiomys taylo
Quiscalus mexicanus
Tyrannus vociferans
Peromyscus pectoralis
Otospermoph
Haemorhous mexicanus
Cynanthus latirostris
Peromyscus levipes
Peromyscus d
Passer domesticus
Melanerpes aurifrons
Reithrodontomys fulvescens Heteromys irro
Columbina inca
Zenaida macroura
AMPHIBIANS
REPTILES
ARTHROPODS
ori
Spea multiplicata
Zenaida asiatica
Danaus plexippus
hilus variegatus
Lithobates berlandieri
Tyrannus vociferans
Apis mellifera
difficilis
Anaxyrus compactilis
Cynanthus latirostris
Argiope trifasciata
oratus
Lithobates spectabilis
Melanerpes aurifrons
Centruroides limpidus
LOW IMPACT DESIGN Native species for eco network
MATERIALS PROPOSAL Park material Proposal
SOCIAL
Landscape strategies to mitigate floods
To implement new measures and strategies to mitigate floods it needs the participation of citizens from local residents, activists, institutions and researchers or even architecture and urban design students due to the fact that Santa Maria Magdalena has a lack of urban hygiene during rainy seasons. This project proposes the participative design and aims to maintain a sustainable ecology system managed by inhabitants of the neighborhood, therefore the situation about contaminated water will enhance. Besides in Queretaro City, 15 other areas exist for instance Felipe Carrillo Puerto, San Pedro Martir, Santa Rosa Jauregui, Jurica Pueblo, El Salitre, San Jose el Alto and “02 de Abril� under the same conditions as Santa Maria Magdalena where landscape strategies and community participation would be implemented to upgrade the life quality.
SEARCHING FOR AN ACTIVE COMMUNITY
Santa Maria Magdalena is a neighborhood full of culture, roots and history. Its inhabitants have formed a community and faced the flood for a long time. Analyzing the history of the site we decided to understand a little better the way in which we want to intervene and improve the quality of life within the neighborhood, we want to help these people so that in the future they do not depend on us or the government. We want to teach them that from home the quality of life can be improved, they can be sensitized with water just by giving them the tools and knowledge. Rain will continue to happen and their houses will be affected by water. We must take into account that people have lived for many generations in the same place, we cannot try to change their way of living or change their home design. We want to achieve an active and efficient community, sensitive to water and that they learn to care for it and treat it from home. Understanding that the problem can be the solution and applying it at different scales, both private and public, so we can improved the experience within the neighborhood. We want Santa Maria Magdalena to be a model of a self-sufficient neighborhood that can be replicated in different places that suffer the same problems. An example can be set by adapting different rainwater catchment systems for the benefit of the community. Applying different design strategies so that the community is active and considers itself as a whole, we want to invite people who can feel safe and who are part of the city of Queretaro, try to solve the issue of insecurity through water parks that activate the areas without lighting or fenced. We have to generate permanence and vigilant neighbors who can feel safe and united.
Ejidatarios ‘’Emiliano Zapata‘’ Tianguistas Muralistas/Raperos
Local Residents Grupo al servicio de la Iglesia
Activists
CULTIVA CIUDAD
Asociación de colonos de la Aurora
FRIDAYS FOR FUTURE MEXICO
PHASE1 Local Residents Activists
INFORMALITY 0 Years
ISLA URBANA BAJO TIERRA HABITANTES DEL RIO
10 Years
O
Institutions
CEA Comisión Estatal de Aguas ITESM Campus Querétaro ONU HABITAT SOM Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP IMPLAN Querétaro
Researches/ Students
CATEDRA SOM-TEC Water as a driver for prosperity
Ejidatarios ‘’Emiliano Zapata‘’ Tianguistas Muralistas/Raperos
Local Residents Grupo al servicio de la Iglesia
Asociación de colonos de la Aurora
Activists
ISLA URBANA BAJO TIERRA HABITANTES DEL RIO CULTIVA CIUDAD
FRIDAYS FOR FUTURE MEXICO
L
REC 0 Years
Institutions
CEA Comisión Estatal de Aguas ITESM Campus Querétaro ONU HABITAT SOM Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
O
IMPLAN Querétaro
PHASE2
Local Residents Activists Institutions
CREATION 20 Years
Researches/ Students
CATEDRA SOM-TEC Water as a driver for prosperity
Ejidatarios ‘’Emiliano Zapata‘’ Tianguistas Muralistas/Raperos
Local Residents Grupo al servicio de la Iglesia
Asociación de colonos de la Aurora
0 Years
Activists
ISLA URBANA BAJO TIERRA HABITANTES DEL RIO CULTIVA CIUDAD FRIDAYS FOR FUTURE MEXICO
Institutions
CEA Comisión Estatal de Aguas ITESM Campus Querétaro ONU HABITAT SOM Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Researches/ Students
CATEDRA SOM-TEC Water as a driver for prosperity
IMPLAN Querétaro
PHASE3 Local Residents Activists Institutions Students
SUPPLY 30 Years
AREAS IN QUERETARO WHERE OUR STRATEGIES ARE ABLE TO BE IMPLEMENTED Santa Maria Magdalena San Pedro Mártir Felipe Carrillo Puerto La Piedad El Tepetate Lomas de Casa Blanca Reforma Agraria 3a Sección Reforma Agraria 5a Sección Prados de Querétaro Santo Niño/ Las Flores El Salitre San José el Alto Pueblo de Jurica Santa Rosa Jauregui La Estación/ 02 de Abril/ La Cuesta
Felipe Carrillo Puerto
San JosĂŠ el Alto
El Salitre
Jurica Pueblo
STUDY CASES
This are some of the projects that we studied and used as inspiration and served as a reference to have a better understanding of water shortages in marginalized areas. and what strategies and processes had they propose in their projects. it was helpfull to understand how they have solved this type of flooding problems in other parts of the world. As a team we knew that Santa Maria Magdalena its considered a marginalized neighborhood and that not only in our country will we suffer water shortages in the not too distant future. we want to understand that the problem of water can take us much further, to question ourselves about our lifestyle as individuals and as a community.
INFORMALITY AS FILTER: A RENEWED LAND SHARING PLAN FOR KHLONG TOEI COMMUNITY Yun-Ting (Tina) Tsai, Landscape Designer, Architect Bangkok, Thailand. 2020
QUNLI STORMWATER WETLAND PARK Turenscape Architecs Haerbin, China. 2018
URBAN ENVIROMENTAL CORRIDOR CALI RIVER Alcuadrado Arquitectos + Habitar Colectivo Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. 2018
ADAPTING WATER SYSTEMS IN EXISTING HOUSING TYPOLOGIES AS A SOLUTION TO MITIGATE FLOODING IN MARGINALIZED AREAS.
TO RESUME...
BIG IDEAS DIAGRAM Design process
SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS "irregular settlement" Marginalized area Bad Urban Infraestructure Flooding Bad Smell From Drain No Pedestrian Accesible Topography Type of soil Flora&Fauna Crops
WHAT? WHERE? WHEN? WHY?
Downward economic trend.
Systemic water
Damage of urban infraestructure.
Catchment network
No pedestrian accesible
Achieving self-sufficiency in the neighborhood
Flood-affected Housing Adapting Water System in Housing typologies
More Insecurity - no lighting BETTER LIFE QUALITY
No access to public transport RAIN WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM
Queretaro River Train tracks Borders Highway Military Field
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM
NEED
Fl
o od
COMMUNITY STRENGTHEN & EMPOWEREMENT
D m
un
ity
IDEAL
m
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Commerce Landscape Urbanism Permeability Flooding mitigation network Economic Growth Flexibility Voids (Social, Economic, Environmental) Security (Pedestrian)
ity
co
Community Social Groups Participation Identity History “Be owened by” “Rooting” “Feria del mole y la Tortilla” Raperos Tianguistas Ejidatarios “Emiliano Zapata”
un
com
m
ro
WATER
ing
Flooding Insecurity No Connetion with the city
WATER MANAGEMENT
ught
SANTA MAR IA MAGDALENA
No water mitigation system River overflow Daily routines affected Low access to water quality
FLOODING
Flooding mitigation
Catchment Treatment Through Storage Supply
WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN
IMPROVEMENT
Intervention in : 3 Phases
P H A S E S
Water sensitive urban Design Conscious community
INFORMALITY
y
t
Taking care of water, taking care of the community.
Sustainable Proposal
“The problem is the Solution”
RECREATION (private to public space)
SUPPLY
Opportunities.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
PHASES STRATEGIES
city blocks & voids
Wetlands = Searching for Union and Community Participation
water collector systems
WETLANDS RAINGARDENS
EMBODIMENT OF SCHEMES
Establish new systems in Existing housing typologies
EQUITABLE HOUSING
IDE NTIT Y
SEEK SOLUTIONS IN PERMANENCE
Community Social Groups Participation Identity History “Be owened by” “Rooting” “Feria del mole y la Tortilla” Raperos Tianguistas Ejidatarios “Emiliano Zapata”
EQUITABLE HOUSING
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY
Analyzing the different problems in Santa Maria Magdalena we decided to explain our project as a process understanding its spatial and social characteristics, its main needs as a community and marginalized neighborhood, analyze the problem, propose a good management of water and rainwater catchment system, propose a conceptual design , understand the project in countries and strategies to achieve the objective within the different scales and thus achieve a sustainable community, taking advantage of the problem of flooding and taking it as a solution to improve the experience inside the neighborhood.
REFERENCES
Cambridge Dictionary Ready floods Oxford University Languages Urbandictionary Book “The green architecture” Q500 ONU HABITAT Hydrological planning of the Mexico City by ORU Guía ilustrada de la flora del valle de Querétaro. Conabio y Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Enciclovida. Conabio Acta Botánica Mexicana.Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México Low Impact Development: A Design Manual for Urban Areas. University of Arkansas, Community Design Center Bernádez, C., Ortiz, J., Sánchez, M., E,.. (2008). Anuario de Espacios Urbanos . En Historia, Cultura y Diseño(361p.). Ciudad de México.: Jiménez Editores Impresores. informality as filter: a renewed land sharing plan for Khlong Toei community.Harvard University Graduate School of Design Qunli stormwater wetland park. Archdaily Urban environmental corridor Cali River. Archdaily Rain for all. Isla Urbana Biodigestor Autolimpiable. Rotoplas Mexico Trotalux Victor Pichardo Fotógrafo INSTAGRAM accounts: @cvltura.mx @magia_negra_hak @defthe1s @luisbernardonava
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Moisés Blanco Negrete Mario Espinosa Rivera Dafne García Del Rayo Laura Montaño Espinosa Gracy Jovita Fischer Servín